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Home , Acne aestivalis, Acne fulminans, Acroosteolysis, Anonychia, Arcanobacterium, Baboon syndrome

1 Index

Note: Page numbers in italics refer to figures, those in bold refer to tables and boxes. References are to pages within chapters, thus 58.10 is page 10 of Chapter 58. A definition 87.2 congenital ichthyoses 65.38–9 differential diagnosis 90.62 A fibres 85.1, 85.2 association 88.21 discoid erythematosus occupational 90.56–9 α-adrenoceptor agonists 106.8 differential diagnosis 87.5 treatment 89.41 chemical origin 130.10–12 abacavir disease course 87.5 treatment 39.18 clinical features 90.58 drug eruptions 31.18 drug-induced 87.4 suppurativa management definition 90.56 HLA allele association 12.5 endocrine disorder signs 149.10, 92.10 differential diagnosis 90.57 119.6 149.11 keratitis––deafness syndrome epidemiology 90.58 pharmacological hypersensitivity 31.10– epidemiology 87.3 treatment 65.32 investigations 90.58–9 11 familial 87.4 treatment 142.36 management 90.59 ABCA12 gene mutations 65.7 familial partial neutral lipid storage disease with papular elastorrhexis differential ABCC6 gene mutations 72.27, 72.30 association 74.2 ichthyosis treatment 65.33 diagnosis 96.30 ABCC11 gene mutations 94.16 generalized 87.4 rubra pilaris treatment 36.5, penile 111.19 abdominal wall, lymphoedema 105.20–1 genital 111.27 36.6 photodynamic 22.7 ABHD5 gene mutations 65.32 HIV infection 31.12 pomade 90.17 abrasions, sports injuries 123.16 investigations 87.5 generalized pustular 35.37 prepubertal 90.59–64 Abrikossoff tumour 137.52 malignant 87.3, 87.5, 147.14–15 plaque 35.26, 35.28 clinical features 90.61–3 3.38 management 87.5 squamous cell secondary complications/co-morbidities 90.63 anal 113.24, 113.25–6 oral 110.10 prevention 142.32 definition 90.59 aseptic syndrome 49.17 paraneoplastic 87.5, 147.15–16, 152.1 subcorneal pustular dermatosis differential diagnosis 90.62–3 116.24 pathophysiology 87.3–4 49.15 disease course 90.63 filler adverse reaction 157.9 predisposing factors 87.4 Vohwinkel syndrome treatment 65.57 epidemiology 90.59–60 26.53, 26.54 prognosis 87.5 Ackerman tumour see verrucous investigations 90.63 92.4, 92.5 unilateral 87.5 carcinoma management 90.63–4 differential diagnosis 92.7 variants 87.4–5 pathophysiology 90.60–1 HIV infection 31.20 vulval 112.21 agminate 90.28 prognosis 90.63 immunodeficiency association 148.15 acanthosis palmaris 147.15–16 antibiotic therapy 19.43 scarring 90.63 intraoral 110.58 Acari 34.35, 34.36, 34.37–9 ocular side effects 109.46 severity 90.63 krokodil abuse 121.3 Acaridae 34.48 arthritis association 154.10 variants 90.62 subungual 95.37–8 accelerated rheumatoid nodulosis 99.15 comedonal 90.1, 90.2–3, 90.21 Propionibacterium acnes 26.43 acantholysis 3.33–4, 66.1, 66.2, 66.4 acetone 95.63 management 90.38, 90.39–40 psychological impact 11.4 50.3 acetyl hexapeptide 3 156.5 mid-facial 90.62 pyogenic sterile arthritis, acantholytic dermatoses acetylcholine 2.8, 8.52 treatment algorithm 90.38 gangrenosum and acne Hailey–Hailey disease variants 66.12 atopic eczema 41.15 cosmetica 90.17 syndrome 45.3, 45.8 see also transient acantholytic dermatosis itching in skin disease 83.6 defensin activity 8.14 quality of life measurement 16.6 acantholytic disorders, inherited 66.1–13 acetylcholine receptor antibodies 50.3 detergent 90.17 20.47 see also Darier disease; Hailey–Hailey Achenbach syndrome 101.6, 123.13 ectopic 92.1 93.6 disease achondroplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 90.50–1, 90.54–6, 92.2, acantholytic dyskeratosis 71.24 differential diagnosis 72.10 environmental, differential 154.10 focal 110.19 aciclovir 19.44 diagnosis 90.57 differential fissuratum 123.13–14 multiforme 47.6 environmental pollution 90.56–7 diagnosis 90.52, 90.56 acanthosis 3.34 virus excoriée 90.23 assessment 90.56 Bowen disease 142.17 inCOPYRIGHTED HIV 31.23 MATERIALgranulomatous 90.24 associated diseases 90.54 peristomal 114.111 neonatal 116.22 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.2 clinical features 90.55–6 64.3, 87.2–5, 147.14–15 post-herpetic neuralgia 84.4–5 association 89.65 complications 90.56 acquired generalized resistance 31.23 hyperandrogenism 145.18 definition 90.54 lipodystrophy 100.3 topical 18.13 infantile 90.59, 90.61–2, 90.63, 117.5 differential diagnosis 90.55 acral 87.4–5 varicella-zoster virus 25.30, 31.23 differential diagnosis 90.62 dissecting of scalp associated disorders 87.3 acid glycosaminoglycans 59.1 inversa 92.1 association 107.8 benign 147.14 acid lipase 65.10 treatment 11.4 epidemiology 90.54 clinical features 87.4–5 acid orcein–Giemsa stain 3.8, 3.9 joint symptom association 154.10 genetics 90.54 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis acid phosphatase 2.43, 8.41 -like 96.46, 96.47 hidradenitis suppurativa differential differential diagnosis 87.7 lysosomal 8.44 mechanical 90.24 diagnosis 113.21 congenital generalized acids, chemical burns 129.12 mid-childhood 90.59, 90.60, 90.62 infants 90.62 74.1 Acinetobacter 26.50 differential diagnosis 90.63 management 90.56, 90.57 Darier disease differential Acinetobacter baumannii 34.18 necrotica 90.32 pathophysiology 90.54 diagnosis 66.4 acitretin 19.37, 31.16 neonatal 90.59, 90.61, 90.63 acné excoriée 86.15–16, 90.23

Rook’s Textbook of , Ninth Edition. Edited by Christopher Griffiths, Jonathan Barker, Tanya Bleiker, Robert Chalmers and Daniel Creamer. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Companion website: www.rooksdermatology.com

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acne fulminans 90.50–3, 154.10 systemic therapy 90.41–4 acral peeling skin syndrome (APSS) 65.27, actin 3.21 acne conglobata differential topical therapy 90.40–1 71.6, 71.7 110.78–9 diagnosis 90.52, 90.56 papulopustular differential differential carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 assessment 90.52–3 diagnosis 91.10 diagnosis 87.24 photodynamic therapy 22.5 associated disorders 90.50–1 pathophysiology 90.18–20 acral persistent papular mucinosis 59.6, actinic comedonal plaque 96.3 clinical features 90.51–2 periorificial differential 59.7 actinic dermatitis see chronic actinic complications 90.53 diagnosis 91.18 acral self-healing collodion baby 116.19 dermatitis definition 90.50 photoaggravated, actinic acroangiodermatitis 101.5 see solar elastosis differential diagnosis 90.52 differential diagnosis 93.6 Kaposi sarcoma, differential actinic folliculitis 93.6 disease course 90.53 predisposing factors 90.12–13, 90.14–16, diagnosis 139.4 actinic 96.25–7 epidemiology 90.50–1 90.16–18 acrocyanosis 81.10, 125.5–6 solar elastosis association 96.3 genetics 90.51 90.17, 115.8–9 neonates 116.3 actinic keratoses 142.1–7, 142.8, 142.9–11 infections 90.51 prognosis 90.36 proximal fold capillaroscopy 95.52 basal cell carcinoma association 125.13, investigations 90.52–3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 26.52 Raynaud phenomenon differential 141.2 isotretinoin-induced flare 90.51 psychological problem association 90.23 diagnosis 125.9 benign lichenoid differential management 90.53 psychosocial effects 90.34–5 Sneddon syndrome 101.21 diagnosis 133.7 pathophysiology 90.51 pyogenic granuloma 90.36 chronica atrophicans 96.13– Bowen disease differential prognosis 90.53 quality of life impact 90.33, 90.34, 90.34 14, 96.19 diagnosis 142.19 variants 90.52 rosacea conglobata differential 140.38 bowenoid 142.3 acne inversa see hidradenitis suppurativa diagnosis 91.16 sclerosing differential causative organisms 142.3 acne keloidalis scarring 90.22, 90.23, 90.24, 90.35 diagnosis 99.29 chondrodermatitis nodularis differential nuchae 93.3–4, 123.16 mimics 90.32 acrodermatitis chronica migrans 26.70 diagnosis 108.9 scarring 90.32 seborrhoea 90.36 acrodermatitis continua of clinical features 142.3–6 123.15, 123.16 severe Hallopeau 35.40–2 immunocompromised acne of chemical origin treatment 90.44–8 clinical features 35.41–2 patients 146.10–11 clinical features 130.11–12 treatment algorithm 90.39 definition 35.40 complications/co-morbidity 142.6 differential diagnosis 130.11 severity rating 90.32–3, 90.36, 90.37 differential diagnosis 35.42 differential hidradenitis suppurativa differential sinus tracts 90.22, 90.23 epidemiology 35.41 diagnosis 142.12 diagnosis 113.21 sleep deprivation 90.16–17 investigations 35.42 definition 142.1 management 130.12 smoking 90.16 management 35.42 differential diagnosis 142.4–5 occupational disorders 130.10–12 stress factors 90.16–17 pathophysiology 35.41 disease course 142.6 Acne Quality of Life Scale (AQOL) 16.6 suicide risk 90.34–5 psoriasis 95.41 disseminated superficial actinic Acne Symptom and Impact Scale complex differential radiotherapy 24.6 porokeratosis differential (ASIS) 16.6 diagnosis 80.12 acrodermatitis dysmetabolica 63.26, 71.24 diagnosis 142.16 acne vulgaris 90.1–3, 90.3–4, 90.5–6, 90.7, UV radiation 90.17 acrodermatitis enteropathica 63.26, epidemiology 142.2 90.8–13, 90.14–16, 90.16–50 variants 90.22–4 81.17–18 eyelid 109.46 acneform differential acneform eruptions 120.3 breastfed infants 63.25–6 Flegel disease differential diagnosis 118.17 chemical peels 159.12 perineal candidosis of infancy diagnosis 87.17 adolescence 11.6 drug-induced 118.16–17 differential diagnosis 32.66 histological sections 3.39 alcohol consumption 90.16 Acne-specific Quality of Life Questionnaire perineum/perianal region 113.8 HIV infection 31.30 anxiety 90.34–5 (Acne-QoL) 16.6 perioral involvement 110.16 hyperplastic, squamous cell carcinoma assessment 90.32–4 acquired angio-oedema (AAE) 43.1 89.25 differential diagnosis 108.25 associated diseases 90.3, 90.3–4, 90.5–6, acquired autoinflammatory association 63.25, 110.16 imiquimod therapy 18.27 90.7, 90.8–12 disorders 154.10 acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth immunocompromised patients azelaic acid treatment 18.29 acquired digital fibrokeratoma 137.4 (ADULT) syndrome 67.9 146.10–11 body mass index association 90.13, acquired elastotic haemangioma 137.30 ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft investigations 142.7 90.15–16, 90.16 acquired generalized lipodystrophy lip/palate syndrome differential keratoacanthoma differential causative organisms 90.19–20 (AGL) 100.1–3 diagnosis 67.18 diagnosis 142.35 chemical peels 159.5, 159.6, 159.8, 159.9 acquired partial lipodystrophy acrodynia, mercury toxicity 122.5 lichenoid 142.4 skin of colour 159.13 differential diagnosis 100.6 acrogeria 72.23–4 lower leg eczema differential clinical features 90.20–36 associated diseases 100.2 clinical features 72.21 diagnosis 39.20 complications/co-morbidities 90.34–6 clinical features 100.2–3 mandibuloacral dysplasia differential management 142.7, 142.8, 142.9–11, cosmetics association 90.17 differential diagnosis 100.3 diagnosis 72.25 146.15–16 definition 90.1 epidemiology 100.1–2 acrokeratoelastoidosis 65.53–4, 96.28, 96.29 ingenol mebutate therapy 18.27 depression 90.34–5 investigations 100.3 punctate palmoplantar topical diclofenac therapy 18.26 diet 90.13, 90.14–15 management 100.3 differential diagnosis 65.52 topical 5-fluorouracil 18.26 differential diagnosis 90.24–32 pathophysiology 100.2 acrokeratosis paraneoplastica 147.19, 152.1 pathophysiology 142.2–3 disease course 90.36 variants 100.3 psoriasis differential diagnosis 95.41 photodynamic therapy 22.3, 22.4–5, 22.8 drug-induced 90.10–12 acquired immune deficiency syndrome see also Bazex syndrome daylight regimen 22.11 association 90.24 see AIDS acrokeratosis verruciformis 66.1, 66.3, 66.5 pain 22.14 environmental factors 90.13, 90.14–16, acquired immunodeficiency see Darier disease differential porokeratosis differential 90.16–18 immunodeficiency, acquired diagnosis 66.4 diagnosis 87.21 epidemiology 90.2–3, 90.3–4, 90.5–6, acquired lipodystrophy 100.1–4, 100.5, epidermodysplasia verruciformis post- keratosis 90.7, 90.8–12 100.6–12 differential diagnosis 25.60 differential diagnosis 142.14 ethnicity 90.3 congenital 100.3 longitudinal erythronychia 95.15 pre-malignant neoplasm of ear 108.23, genetic factors 90.12–13 generalized 100.1–3 plantar differential diagnosis 25.50 108.24 hormonal investigations 90.34 HIV-associated 100.6–8 acromegaly 149.16–17 prognosis 142.6 90.35, 90.36 juvenile dermatomyositis 53.9 acne association 90.6 progression prevention 146.15–16 immune response 90.35 localized 100.8–12 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.11, seborrhoeic keratosis differential 90.18–19 acquired partial lipodystrophy 149.14 diagnosis 133.3 inflammatory 90.1 (APL) 100.4, 100.5, 100.6, 153.2 facial changes 149.11 severity classification 142.5–6 treatment algorithm 90.38 clinical features 100.4, 100.5, 100.6 hyperpigmentation 88.18 risk 142.5, 146.9 inflammatory lesions 90.21–2 differential diagnosis 100.6 macroglossia 110.60 squamous cell carcinoma inflammatory macules 90.22, 90.23 epidemiology 100.4 acromelalgia see association 142.26 investigations 90.33–4 investigations 100.6 acronecrosis 95.47 development risk 142.5, 146.9 itching 90.22 management 100.6 acro-osteolysis 95.47 differential diagnosis 108.25, 142.28 lifestyle factors 90.13, 90.14–16, 90.16–18 pathophysiology 100.4 with keratoderma 65.64 protection 9.12 management 18.22, 90.37–50 acquired progressive lymphangioma acroparasthesiae, Fabry disease 81.7, 81.8 transplant recipients 25.63 first line therapy 90.37–8, 90.39 137.39–40 UV treatment-related 153.4 menstrual cycle 90.16 acquired seed-like keratoses of palms and infantile 116.7–8 variants 142.4 neurophysiology 90.19 soles 147.17 psoriasis 95.41 venous lake association 103.14 nodular 90.22, 90.23 acquired ungual fibrokeratoma 95.26–7 acrospiroma, malignant 138.36 actinic lentigines differential acral fibromyxoma 137.61–2 acrylates, allergic contact chemical peel 159.5 diagnosis 130.11 superficial 95.30 dermatitis 128.12, 128.50 laser treatment 23.12–13 papulopustular 90.40–4 acral keratosis, mosaic 65.53 acrylic resins, self-curing 95.62 sun exposure 132.6

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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actinic 110.79, 127.3, 127.9–13 acute syndrome of apoptotic adipogenesis 99.5 atrophic photoageing 155.1–2 clinical features 127.10–11 panepidermolysis 51.22 adipokines 99.5–6 barrier dysfunction 155.8–9 definition 127.9 acute-phase proteins (APPs) 8.31–2 adiponectin 99.5 Bateman 155.3–4 differential diagnosis 127.11 ACVRL1 gene mutations 110.14 adipophilin 3.20 clinical features 155.1–4 epidemiology 127.9–10 adalimumab adipose tissue 2.43 fibrils ethnic groups 127.9, 127.10, 127.11 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 ablation 160.12 fragmentation 96.2, 155.6–8 genetics 127.10 dosage 19.30 abnormal deposition 105.31 synthesis decrease 96.2, 155.8 investigations 127.11–12, 127.35 psoriasis treatment 19.29 brown 2.43, 74.1, 99.1, 99.3 collagenous and elastotic marginal management 127.13 treatment 35.46 energy homeostasis 99.4–5 plaques of hands 96.4–5 pathophysiology 127.10 genetic disorders 74.1–6, 74.7, 74.8, colour 155.4, 155.9 polymorphic light eruption treatment 49.5–6 74.9–10 cosmetic implications 155.9 association 127.2 TNF-α neutralization 8.35 pain in Dercum disease 100.15, 100.16 dermal changes 96.1–6 differential diagnosis 127.4 ADAMs 8.43 physiology 99.4–6 dermatoporosis 96.1, 155.9 variants 127.11 ADAM10 gene mutations 70.14 white 2.43, 74.1, 99.3, 99.4 drug therapeutic outcome effects 14.7 actinic purpura 101.5 Adamantiades–Behçet disease see Behçet see also lipodystrophy; dyspigmentation 155.1, 155.9 actinic reticuloid 127.13 disease adiposis dolorosa 74.8 neck 155.3 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 26.63 Adams–Oliver syndrome adiposis oedematosa 100.23 erythema 155.9 Actinomyces bovis 26.80 amniotic band syndrome differential adnexal polyp, neonates 116.18 external ear changes 108.6 26.79–80, 26.80, 26.81 diagnosis 105.38 adnexal tumours, eyelid 109.47 extrinsic 155.1 actinomycetoma 32.73 aplasia cutis congenita 75.20 adolescence colour 155.4 26.79–81 congenital disorders of acne vulgaris 11.6 neck 155.3 abdominal 26.81 glycosylation 81.10 annular lichenoid dermatitis of pathophysiology 155.6 differential ADAMTS 2.33 youth 37.9 variants 155.1–2 diagnosis 26.73 adapalene 18.23 cholinergic urticaria 42.12, 47.12 155.7–8 cervico-facial 26.80 adaptive immune system 8.26–31 impact of skin conditions 11.6 filler use 157.1–2 clinical features 26.80–1 acne vulgaris 90.35 skin disease impact measurement 16.7 gene expression 2.47 definition 26.79–80 antigen presentation 8.28–31 adrenal carcinoma, hirsutism 89.65 genetics 155.4 epidemiology 26.80 immunological memory 8.54 adrenal hyperfunction 149.17–18 grading 155.4–5 hidradenitis suppurativa differential late-phase response 8.58–9 adrenal insufficiency 149.18 hydration changes 155.9 diagnosis 92.7 mast cell roles 2.17 adrenal genesis pathway 90.5, 90.7 hyperpigmentation 155.1 investigations 26.81 MHC complex 8.26–8 adrenocortical disease, acquired 89.65 hypertrophic photoageing 155.2 management 26.81 TGF-β role 8.36 adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) 74.3 155.1, 155.3 pathophysiology 26.80 ADAR1 gene mutation 70.16 Cushing syndrome 88.18 idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis 155.3 pelvic 26.81 Addison disease 149.18 ectopic ACTH syndrome 88.20 implications 155.8–9 primary cutaneous 26.81 acanthosis nigricans differential ectopic production causing oral intrinsic 155.1, 155.2 thoracic 26.80 diagnosis 87.5 hyperpigmentation 110.66 pathophysiology 155.6 variants 26.80–1 chemotherapy-induced solid malignant tumours 88.19, 88.20 photonumerical scale 155.5 vulval 112.25 hyperpigmentation differential therapy causing oral laxity 155.9 activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule diagnosis 120.9 hyperpigmentation 110.66 lipid synthesis 2.47 (ALCAM) 8.12 chronic mucocutaneous tumour in Cushing disease 149.17 measurement 155.4–5 active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of candidosis 32.58 adult myofibromatosis 137.42 menopausal 155.4 drugs 13.6 adult T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma natural 155.8 acupuncture 86.40 association 50.53 (ATLL) 25.67–8, 140.34–6 neck 155.3 acute abdomen, IgA differential endocrine disorder skin signs 149.14 clinical features 140.35–6 pathophysiology 155.5–8 diagnosis 102.15 hyperpigmentation 88.7, 88.10, 88.17–18 definition 140.34 photonumerical scale 155.5 acute adenolymphangitis (ADL) 105.44 melanocortins 88.7 epidemiology 140.34 premature 79.1, 79.2, 79.3–7 acute cutaneous -stimulating hormone 70.1 investigations 140.36 reactive oxygen 8.44, 155.4, (ACLE) 51.21 oral hyperpigmentation 110.66 management 140.36 155.6, 155.7–8, 155.9 acute disseminated epidermal necrosis sweat sodium levels 94.3 pathophysiology 140.34–5 SCINEXA score 155.5 (ADEN) 47.2 addisonian pigmentation 149.18 variants 140.35–6 smoking 155.2–3, 155.9 acute epidermal distension 87.27–9 adenoid cystic carcinoma 138.39–40 adulthood, impact of skin conditions 11.6 social implications 155.9 acute generalized exanthematous adenoma sebaceum see angiofibromas adult-onset Still disease 45.1, 45.10–11, solar elastosis 96.2–4 pustulosis (AGEP) 12.3, 119.1–4 adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) 80.13 55.4–5 telangiectases 155.9 acute haemorrhagic oedema in see also Gardner syndrome drug-induced serum sickness-like topical therapy 155.9 infancy 117.9–10 adenopathy and extensive skin patch reaction differential diagnosis 118.9 irradiation 155.6, 155.9 causes 119.2, 119.4 overlying a plasmacytoma (AESOP) polyarteritis nodosa differential venous lake association 103.14 clinical features 119.2–4 syndrome 148.11–12 diagnosis 102.30 see also photoageing; wrinkling definition 119.1 adenosine deaminase deficiency 82.8 Schnitzler syndrome differential AGel amyloidosis 110.59 diagnostic criteria 119.3 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 99.4 diagnosis 45.10 90.58 differential diagnosis 119.4 adermatoglyphia 72.32 adverse events aggrecan 2.39 DRESS differential diagnosis 119.10 adherence to treatment 11.7, 14.1, 14.8 case–control studies 17.17 agonists, inverse/partial 14.4 epidemiology 119.1 improvement 14.8 clinical trials 17.16–18 agranulocytosis investigations 119.4 technological solutions 11.7 cohort studies 17.16 aphthous ulceration 110.39 management 119.4 see also non-adherence to treatment photodynamic therapy 22.12–14 dapsone-induced 19.14 pathophysiology 119.1–2 adherens junctions 2.19 see also drug eruptions/reactions α-hydroxy acids (AHA) postpustular 119.3 adhesins 26.5 aeroallergens 41.32 antiageing products 156.3 severity classification 119.4 adhesion molecules Aeromonas 26.63 chemical peels 159.1–2, 159.13 subcorneal pustular dermatosis on activated keratinocytes 8.12 Aeromonas hydrophila 26.63, 26.64 Aicardi syndrome 51.22, 74.8 differential diagnosis 49.15 endothelial 8.8 AESOP syndrome (adenopathy and MIDAS syndrome differential symmetrical drug-related intertriginous metastatic spread role 147.5 extensive skin patch overlying a diagnosis 67.25 and flexural differential adipocytes 2.43 plasmacytoma) 148.11–12 AIDS 31.1–2 diagnosis 118.6 anatomy 99.3 afamelanotide, skin cancer case definition 31.5–6 acute haemorrhagic oedema of brown 99.3 treatment 146.16–17 epidemiology 31.2 childhood 111.20 energy metabolism 99.4 α-fetoprotein 85.10 progression to 31.6, 31.8 acute intermittent porphyria 60.4, 60.6 ghost 99.40, 99.41 African bite fever 34.38 predictors 31.8 acute limb ischaemia, treatment 103.4 infectious panniculitis 99.44 agammaglobulinaemia see also HIV infection acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) immune system interaction 99.7 autosomal recessive 82.13 AIDS wasting syndrome 100.7 leukaemia cutis 148.2, 148.3 lobules 99.3 see also X-linked agammaglobulinaemia AIDS-defining illnesses neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis mature 99.6–7 age 31.26–7 association 148.7 necrosis 99.8 wound healing 10.2, 10.9–10 HPV-associated cancers 31.24 acute necrotizing (ulcerative) oedema 105.31 see also adolescence; children; infant(s); oesophageal candidosis 31.26 gingivitis 110.52–3 perivascular 99.7 neonates; older people opportunistic infections 31.5 acute oedema 87.27–9 vascular supply 99.6 ageing of skin 2.46–8, 2.46–8, 155.1–9 penicilliosis 31.27 acute papular onchodermatitis (APOD) 33.3 white fat 99.3 anatomical site 155.5 strongyloidosis 31.29 acute scrotum 111.20 adipocytic tumours 100.17 asymmetrical 155.1 96.43–5

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AKT/PIK3/mTOR pathway 105.35, 105.37 pollution effects 8.57 usage tests 128.73 foodstuffs 128.82–3, 128.84 Alagille syndrome 152.5 solubility 8.56 in vitro tests 128.74 investigations 128.84–5 albendazole allergic 41.23 irritant contact dermatitis differential latex 128.83 ancylostomiasis treatment 33.15 acrylates 128.12 diagnosis 129.6 management 128.85 cutaneous larva migrans active treatment 128.75 jewellery 128.13, 128.16 pathophysiology 128.82 treatment 33.19 age 128.5–6 leg 128.17 severity classification 128.84 cysticercosis treatment 33.31 allergen containment/ lower 39.20 vulval 112.15 enterobiasis treatment 33.14 replacement 128.76 legal measures 128.76 allergic drug reactions 14.5 gnathostomiasis treatment 33.22 allergy sources 128.12–13 128.60 allergic eczema, infection loiasis treatment 33.11 ano-genital 111.10–11, 128.17 lichenification 39.29 relationship 41.13–14 lymphatic filariasis management 105.45 antimicrobial agents 128.32–40 lichenoid reactions 128.60 allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema strongyloidosis treatment 33.17 arms 128.14 lips 128.15–16 association 41.11 visceral larva migrans treatment 33.20 atopic eczema relationship 41.13 lymphomatoid eruptions 128.60 allergic rhinoconjunctivitis 151.1–2 2.17 atopy 128.10–11 management 128.75–7 allergy 8.54–60 oculocutaneous 70.6–8 avoidance advice 128.75 medicament vehicles/ alleviation of development 8.56 prenatal diagnosis 7.9 axillae 128.16, 128.45 excipients 128.40–2 atopic eczema role 41.11–12 rufous 70.7 behaviours 128.11–12 mercury toxicity 122.6 basophil role 8.19 albinism–deafness syndrome 70.9, 70.10 bryozoan 131.3 metals 128.19–24 CCR3 role 8.39 Albright hereditary osteodystrophy 74.4, case definition 128.4 systemically reactivated 128.59 compound 128.69 74.6 causative organisms 128.10 mucous membranes 128.18 contact 41.32 Alcian blue staining 3.8–9 chemical burns differential nail varnish 95.61 128.18 alcohol abuse/misuse diagnosis 129.12 neck 128.16 early-phase response 8.57–8 α1-antitrypsin deficiency chemical factors 128.8 non-eczematous responses 128.59–61 effector phase 8.57–9 panniculitis 99.43 chemical peels 159.12 occupational 128.12, 130.5–10 eosinophil association 8.19 benign symmetrical lipomatosis children 128.5–6 occupational irritant contact dermatitis food additives 128.15 association 100.14 chronic 128.13, 128.63–4 differential diagnosis 130.3 hand eczema 39.13 dermatitis passivata 86.29 climate 128.11 128.61 historical aspects 1.8 94.5 clinical features 128.11–18 128.10 inflammatory response 8.55 pancreatic panniculitis 99.38, 99.39 clothing 128.13, 128.45–7 pathophysiology 128.6–11 late-phase response 8.58–9 psoriasis 35.4 complications/co-morbidities pattern of spread 128.63 phases 8.55–60 psoriatic arthritis association 35.43, 128.62–3 perineum/perianal region 113.7 photocontact 128.18 35.44 compound allergy 128.69 perioral region 128.15–16 photodynamic therapy 22.13 skin disease 86.32 corporate responsibility 128.76 periorificial dermatitis differential prevalence 6.1 association 26.30 corticosteroid-induced 18.16 diagnosis 91.18 primary immunodeficiency 82.2 alcohol consumption cosmetic vehicles 128.40–2 photocontact 128.18 prostanoid secretion 8.48 acne vulgaris 90.16 cosmetics 128.13, 128.15 plastics 128.48–51 respiratory system disorders 151.1–2 erythroplasia 110.72 cultural factors 128.11 population studies 128.4–6 sensitization phase 8.55–6 isotretinoin efficacy 90.47–8 data collection 128.3 predisposing factors 128.8 systemic 2.7 oral cancer risk 110.34 definition 128.2 presentation 128.13–18 Th2 cells 8.56–7 risk 60.13, 96.43 delayed reaction time 128.7–8 preservatives 128.32–40 see also named conditions and allergens alcohol sensitivity, 106.7, 106.8 128.60 prevention 128.75–7 Alliaceae 128.53 alcoholic cirrhosis, palmar fascial diagnosis 128.2 previous history 128.12 allopurinol fibromatosis 96.31 differential diagnosis 128.61–2 primary patterns 128.13–14 adverse drug reactions 154.14 alcohols, topical medication 18.7, 18.9 discoid 128.14 primary site 128.11 DRESS association 119.5, 119.8, 154.10 Alcyonidium diaphanum (sea chervil) 131.3 disease course 128.63–4 prognosis 128.63–4 exanthem induction 118.1 aldehydes distribution 128.13 purpuric reactions 128.60 gout treatment 154.10 inhalation injury with burns 126.4 domestic risks 128.77 regulatory measures 128.76 hypersensitivity reactions 119.6–7 topical therapy 18.9 drug influences 128.6 relapse 128.63–4 all-trans-retinoic acid 2.31 alexandrite laser 23.6 drug-induced eczema differential resins 128.48–51 allylamines 18.11–12, 19.43, 19.44 removal 23.15 diagnosis 118.5 rubber allergy 128.5, 128.43–5 aloe, anti-inflammatory products 156.9, Alezzandrini syndrome 88.43 duration 128.11–12 scalp 107.4, 128.16 156.11 hair pigmentary defect 89.71 ears 128.16 differential alopecia algal infection 32.95–6 eczema complication 39.20 diagnosis 40.4 acquired cicatricial 89.34–6 alginate fillers 157.6 eczema development model 39.3 seborrhoeic dermatitis-like causes 89.35–6 algodystrophy 154.2 education of community/ pattern 128.13 definition 89.34 algoneurodystrophy 85.13 workforce 128.77 sensitivity levels 128.63 disease course 89.35 Alibert, Jean-Louis 1.4–5 elicitation 128.6–8 sensitization 128.6–7 epidemiology 89.36 alitretinoin 19.37 environmental factors 128.11 severity 128.13 investigations 89.36 atopic eczema treatment 41.33 epidemiology 128.3–6 sex 128.6 management 89.36 congenital ichthyosis treatment 65.39 -like shoe allergy 128.47–8 symptoms 89.35 topical 18.23 reactions 128.59–60 socioeconomic factors 128.11 androgenetic 89.14–24 alkali tests, occupational disorders 130.5 ethnicity 128.6 standardization 128.4 associated diseases 89.15–16 alkaline phosphatase 2.43 exposed sites 128.17–18 stoma complication 114.1–3 clinical features 89.20–1 alkalis, chemical burns 129.12 eyelids 109.5, 128.15 streaky 128.14 diagnosis 89.28 alkaptonuria 81.11, 81.13–14, 154.9 face 128.14–15 systemic reactions 128.61 differential diagnosis 89.21 ochronosis 88.51 feet 128.17 drug-induced 118.4–5 follicle miniaturization 89.18 pinna 108.12, 108.14 generalized 128.17 systemically reactivated 128.58–9 genetics 89.18–20 all or none clinical observations 17.3 genetics 128.10–11 thighs 128.17 hair cycle dynamics 89.18 alleles 7.2 granulomatous reactions 128.61 topical drugs 128.27–9, 128.30, 128.31 hormonal influences 89.17–18 dominant 7.2, 7.4 haemodialysis complication 153.4 transient acantholytic dermatosis investigations 89.21 recessive 7.3, 7.4 hair dyes 89.73 association 87.22 management 89.21–4 allergenicity, theoretical 128.9 hand 128.14 Treg cells 128.7 papulopustular rosacea allergens 8.56, 128.2 hand eczema 39.13 trunk 128.16–17 association 91.8 airborne 109.17, 128.18 historical aspects 128.1–2 ultraviolet filters 128.43 pathophysiology 89.17–20 baseline series 128.69–70 hobbies 128.12 ultraviolet light exposure 128.11 pattern 89.17 binding to skin components 128.7 hormone effects 128.6 variants 128.58–61 psychological consequences 89.20 clothing 128.45 hyperpigmentation 128.60 vulval 112.14–15 sex 89.15–16 exposure reduction regulations 128.2 hyposensitization 128.75 see also patch testing; photoallergic telogen effluvium differential nail abnormalities 95.43–4 incidence 129.2 contact dermatitis; plant allergens diagnosis 89.28 nail varnish 128.15 investigations 128.64–75 allergic contact urticaria 128.81–5 aplasia cutis 89.49 occupational disorders 128.5, 130.6, intradermal tests 128.73–4 anaphylaxis 42.12, 128.83 arsenic toxicity 122.2, 122.3 130.7–10 open tests 128.73 clinical features 128.82–4 artefactual 89.44–5 plant 128.11, 128.14, 128.15, 128.17, patch testing 128.64–73 cross-reactivity 128.83 camouflage 89.21–2 128.51–4 repeat open application tests 128.73 differential diagnosis 128.84 chemotherapy-induced 89.48–9, 120.5–6 airborne 128.18 spot tests 128.74–5 epidemiology 128.82 cicatricial

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 4 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 5

central centrifugal 89.36, 89.42–3 and totalis 18.28 histological sections 3.39 generalized severe recessive dystrophic discoid lupus erythematosus 89.40, trichotillomania differential staining 3.9–10 71.26 89.41 diagnosis 89.46 amyloid K 58.7 haemolytic follicular lichen planus 89.37–40 Turner syndrome 76.3 amyloid light-chain amyloidosis 148.5 congenital 88.49 89.43–4 white hair sparing 89.30, 89.31, 89.32 amyloidogenesis 58.1–2 dapsone-induced 19.14 non-specific 89.37 wig wearing 89.34 amyloidoses 58.1–13 iron deficiency 148.16 primary 89.35 congenita AGel 110.59 megaloblastic 148.16 89.41–2 atrichia with papular lesions differential amyloid light-chain 148.5 renal failure 153.3 secondary 89.35, 107.5–9 diagnosis 68.13 cardiac involvement 150.4–5 severe 101.3 89.44 Olmsted syndrome 65.62 classification 58.2 anaesthesia circumscribed of congenital origin 89.49 ALOXE3 mutations 65.10, 65.12 clinical presentation 58.2–3, 58.5, 58.9 nail surgery 95.53 cosmetic 89.44 ALOX12B mutations 65.10, 65.12 diagnosis 123.3 skin resurfacing 160.8–9 discoid lupus erythematosus 51.4, 51.5 α-lipoic acid (ALA) 156.1–2, 156.10 electron microscopy 3.27, 58.4 see also local anaesthesia eating disorders 89.63 alphaviruses 154.3 gelsolin 58.12 anaesthetic agents, anaphylactic frontal fibrosing 37.7, 37.17, 89.39 Alport syndrome, collagen type IV 2.29 hereditary 110.59 reactions 118.7 hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 67.22 al-Razi, Muhammed ibn Zakaryiya 1.3 histology 58.3 anagen 89.3, 89.7 HIV infection 107.10 Alstromeriaceae 128.53 hyperpigmentation 88.22–3 androgenetic alopecia 89.18 Hodgkin disease 140.49 alternative splicing 7.1 immunohistochemistry 58.4 anagen release junctional epidermolysis bullosa 71.12 alternative see complementary investigations 58.3–4 delayed 89.24, 89.25 lichen planus 37.11 therapies; herbal products/ differential diagnosis 28.12 immediate 89.24 lipoedematous 100.22–3, 107.9 medications lipoid proteinosis differential anagrelide 101.12 mucinosa 140.15 aluminium 128.24 diagnosis 72.33 anakinra 19.32 neonatal occipital 116.3 factitious panniculitis 99.47 localized cutaneous 58.4–8 anal abscess 113.25–6 non-scarring 89.11, 89.13 aluminium acetate 18.9 associated diseases 58.5–6 fistula formation 113.26 non-specific cicatricial 89.37 aluminium chloride hexahydrate 20.43, clinical features 58.8 pilonidal sinus differential organoid naevi 89.49 85.16 complications 58.8 diagnosis 113.24 permanent with chemotherapy 89.49 aluminium chloride, hyperhidrosis definition 58.4 anal agenesis 113.4 psoriatic 107.2 treatment 94.8 differential diagnosis 58.8 anal canal 113.2 recessive generalized severe dystrophic aluminium hydrochloride hexahydrate disease course 58.8 anal duplication 113.4 epidermolysis bullosa 71.16 18.33 epidemiology 58.5–6 anal fissure 113.28–9 scalp biopsy 89.11, 89.13 amalgam fillings 128.18 ethnicity 58.5, 58.6 Crohn disease differential scalp metastases 147.6 amalgam 110.65 familial 58.5–8, 58.8 diagnosis 113.25 scarring 89.34 AMD3100, wound healing 10.11 incidence 58.5 sexual abuse 113.32 discoid lupus erythematosus American Indians, 127.9, lichenoid 58.5, 58.6, 58.8 anal fistula 113.26–8 differential diagnosis 51.9 127.10, 127.11 macular 58.5–6, 58.7, 58.8 clinical features 113.27–8 sarcoidosis 98.14 American Rheumatism Association, mixed 58.8 Crohn disease differential scalp biopsy 89.11, 89.13 systemic lupus erythematosus nodular 58.6, 58.7–8, 58.8 diagnosis 113.25 syphilitic gumma 107.10 diagnostic criteria 4.2 pathophysiology 58.7–8 definition 113.26 89.44 amicrobial pustulosis of the skin prevalence 58.5 differential diagnosis 113.27 sutural 89.49 folds 49.16–17 primary 58.2, 58.2.58.3, 58.4–8 epidemiology 113.26–7 syphilitic 29.13, 29.15 amineptine, acne association 90.11 secondary 58.2, 58.2. 58.4, 58.5 investigations 113.28 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.23 amino acid disorders 81.11–16 sex 58.5 management 113.28 thallium poisoning 122.8 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) 22.2, 22.3, variants 58.8 pathophysiology 113.27 tick bites 34.38 60.6 macroglossia 110.60 severity classification 113.27 traction 89.44–5 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 macular 88.23 anal glands 113.2 traumatic, differential acne treatment 90.50 malignancy association 147.22 anal intraepithelial neoplasia 113.15–17, diagnosis 32.40 treatment 22.4–5 management 58.12–13 142.25 triangular 89.11, 89.49 application 22.9–10 mevalonate kinase deficiency clinical features 113.16–17 differential aminopenicillins 119.2, 119.4 complication 45.6 definition 113.15 diagnosis 78.11 aminopeptidase N (APN) 8.42 oral 110.58–9 epidemiology 113.15–16 vitamin D deficiency 63.10 amiodarone penile 111.20 human papillomavirus infection 31.24 wigs 89.21–2 drug-induced hyperpigmentation 88.25, pressure association 124.5 investigations 113.17 89.28–34 88.26, 88.28 primary 110.58–9 management 113.17 addisonian pigmentation 145.18 laser treatment 23.14 systemic 148.5 pathophysiology 113.16 atopy association 41.24 phototoxicity 127.29, 127.30, 129.10 respiratory disorder association 151.6 severity classification 113.17 camouflage 89.34 amniocentesis 7.9–10 secondary variants 113.16–17 clinical features 89.31–3 amniotic band syndrome 96.43–5 cutaneous 58.2 anal orifice 113.2 definition 89.28 lymphoedema 105.37–9 oral 110.59 anal rhagades 113.29 differential diagnosis 89.32 raised linear bands of infancy solitary intraoral 110.59 anal sphincter, internal 113.2 disease course/prognosis 89.32–3 differential diagnosis 116.18 systemic lupus erythematosus anal stenosis 113.4, 113.31 Down syndrome 76.2 see also constricting bands of the association 51.31 anal tags 113.30–1 environmental factors 89.30–1 extremities systemic with cutaneous analgesia epidemiology 89.28–9 amniotic band theory 105.38 involvement 58.2, 58.8–12 hidradenitis suppurativa exclamation mark 89.31 amniotic membrane, burn coverage 126.6 definition 58.8–9 management 92.9 genetics 89.30 amoebiasis 33.33, 33.34–5 epidemiology 58.9–10 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.21 hair cycle disturbance 89.29–30 genital 111.24 hereditary subtypes 58.11–12 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.21 hair pigmentary defect 89.71 perineum/perianal region 113.12 immunoglobulin production analgesics, anaphylactic reactions 118.7 hair regrowth induction 18.30 amorolfine 18.12 58.10 anaphylactoid purpura, allergic hairpiece wearing 89.34 amphotericin oral mucosa 58.10, 58.11 genital 111.20 histological sections 3.40 blastomycosis treatment 32.87 pathophysiology 58.10–11 anaphylactoid reactions 118.6 historical descriptions 89.28 candidosis treatment 32.61 variant 58.11 anaphylatoxins 8.32 HIV infection 107.10 cryptococcosis treatment 32.93 topical treatment 58.12–13 anaphylaxis immune privilege 89.29 Talaromyces marneffei treatment 32.91 use allergic urticaria 42.13, 128.83 infants 117.14 amphotericin B, liposomal 33.51 acne vulgaris association 90.10–11 analgesics 118.7 investigations 89.33 amputation stump neuroma 137.45 linear 96.47 arthropod bites/stings 34.4, 34.16 lichen planus association 37.13 Amsterdam dwarf see Cornelia de Lange α-N-acetyl-galactosaminidase definition 42.1 differential syndrome deficiency 81.5 drug-induced 118.6–8 diagnosis 89.58 amyloid anaemia 63.23–4, 148.16 exercise-induced 42.12, 47.12 management 89.33–4 disease-causing 58.2 acquired pernicious wheat-dependent 42.5 pathophysiology 89.29–31 functional 58.2 systemic lupus erythematosus flushing 106.7 association 89.56 high-power microscopy 3.33 association 51.31 histamine mediation 8.46 psychological factors 86.3 purpura 58.10 vitamin B12 deficiency Hymenoptera stings 34.16 rapid-onset hair greying 89.70 ultrastructure 58.1 association 63.19 IgA-mediated with IVIG therapy 19.36 severity classification 89.32 amyloid A amyloidosis 153.2 aplastic 77.4–5 mastocytosis 46.3, 46.5, 46.9, 46.10, tinea capitis differential diagnosis 32.40 amyloid deposits congenital 96.28 117.16

bindex_4blank.indd 5 6 January 2016 3:29 PM 6 Index

anaphylaxis (continued) Fabry disease 81.7, 81.8, 81.9, 103.9, facial lymphoedema 105.16 developmental abnormalities 113.4 platinum toxicity 122.9 150.3 management 137.38 eczema 111.10–12 pseudoallergic reactions 118.6 of Fordyce 103.9, 103.13, 111.6 pathophysiology 137.37 embryogenesis 113.3–4 spina bifida 85.10 fucosidosis 81.5 post-irradiation 120.13, 137.36, 137.37 extramammary Paget disease 147.6–7 tick bites 34.38 glycoprotein degradation radiotherapy-induced 120.13 function 113.1–3 wheat-dependent exercise-induced 42.5 disorders 81.4, 81.5 Stewart–Treves syndrome 105.53 haemangiomas 111.7 anaplasia 3.34 Kanzaki disease 81.5 angiotensin-converting enzyme hidradenitis suppurativa 92.1, 92.5, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) 3.24 labia majora 112.3 (ACE) 2.43 92.6, 92.8 cutaneous lymphomas 140.1–2 laser therapy 23.10, 23.11 angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) male 111.5, 111.7 anatomists’ see , lysosomal storage diseases 81.7 inhibitor(s) pilonidal sinus 123.22–3 cutaneous, warty of Mibelli 103.13 treatment 72.17 pruritus 128.17 anchoring fibrils 2.21, 2.26–7 multiple 103.13 pruritus induction 83.12 psoriasis 111.9–10 function 2.27 purpura differential diagnosis 101.2 angiotensin-converting enzyme structure 113.1–3 anchoring filaments 2.21, 2.26 solitary 103.13 (ACE) inhibitor-induced angio- see also genital dermatoses Ancient Egypt 1.1–2 tuberous sclerosis complex 147.8 oedema 43.1, 43.2, 149.15 ano-genital ulceration, HIV Ancient Greece 1.2 venous lake differential diagnosis 103.14 clinical features 43.4–5 infection 113.13 Ancient India 1.2 angioleiomyoma 137.55, 137.56 disease course/prognosis 43.4–5 ano-genital warts 25.45, 25.55–8, 111.25, Ancylostoma brasiliense 33.18 angiolipoma 137.58 epidemiology 43.2 112.28–9 Ancylostoma caninum 33.18 angiolymphoid hyperplasia with management 43.6 causative organisms 25.56 Ancylostoma ceylonicum 33.18 eosinophilia pathophysiology 43.3–4 clinical features 25.56–8 Ancylostoma duodenale 33.15 follicular mucinosis association 107.7 angiotrophic lymphoma 140.43–4 common 25.47 Ancylostoma, urticaria weals 42.6 pinna 108.12, 108.14 angular cheilitis 110.79–80, 128.16 complications/co-morbidities 25.57 ancylostomiasis 33.15 angioma(s) candidosis 32.63 differential diagnosis 25.57 androgen(s) 145.18 cavernous 73.9–11, 103.21–3 folate deficiency association 63.19 external 113.13–15 deficiency 145.19 cherry 103.9, 103.12–13, 103.14 riboflavin deficiency differential HIV infection 31.24 female pattern 89.17–18 laser therapy 23.10 diagnosis 63.15 human papillomavirus 25.45 fetal 111.5 macroglossia 110.60 vitamin B12 deficiency association 63.20 imiquimod therapy 18.27 hair growth 89.8–10 senile 103.12–13 zinc deficiency 71.24 infectivity 25.53 hirsutism 89.64 spider 103.8, 103.10–12 angular stomatitis, deficiency management 18.27, 25.58 male balding 89.17–18 tufted 137.25–6 glossitis 110.64 men who have sex with men 31.24 mechanism of action of hair venous 73.9–11, 103.21–3 anhidrosis 94.10–12 pathophysiology 25.55–6 follicles 89.9–10 73.4, 103.15–16 acquired idiopathic generalized 94.12 perianal 25.56, 25.57 metabolism 89.9 Fabry disease differential diagnosis 81.8 Fabry disease 81.8 prognosis 25.58 abnormalities in acne 90.3 reticularis differential Horner syndrome 85.15 transmission 25.55 synthesis 89.9 diagnosis 125.8 neurological causes 94.11 treatment ladder 25.58 testicular 111.5 angiomatoid fibrous Ross syndrome 94.11 variants 25.56–7 androgen receptor(s) 89.9 histiocytoma 137.64–5 dander, atopic eczema 41.28 95.8 polymorphisms 145.19 angiomyofibroblastoma 137.9 , exposure to 41.8 hereditary 69.16 sweat coils 94.3 angiomyxoma atopic eczema 41.28 ano-rectal abscess 113.25–6 androgen receptor blockers, cutaneous focal mucinosis differential ankle–brachial Doppler pressure anal fistula 113.26 papulopustular acne diagnosis 59.15 index 103.3 ano-rectal , treatment 90.43 deep 137.64 arterial leg ulceration 104.8 extramammary Paget disease androstenedione 145.18 superficial 137.62 lower leg eczema 39.20 association 112.36 96.19, 96.20–2 angio-oedema ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defect–cleft ano-rectal fistula 113.26–8 clinical features 96.22 ACE inhibitor-induced 43.1, 43.2 lip/palate syndrome 67.15–17 ano-rectal pain 113.32 epidemiology 96.21 allergic contact dermatitis differential clinical features 67.15, 67.16 86.20–1, 89.63 investigations 96.22 diagnosis 128.61 clinical variants 67.16 antenatal procedures, complications 116.10 Jadassohn–Pellizzari type 96.21 bradykinin-induced 43.1, 43.6 complications/co-morbidities 67.16 Anthozoa 131.2 management 96.22 caterpillar reactions 34.31 definition 67.15 anthrax 26.43–5 pathophysiology 96.21–2 cholinergic 42.12, 47.12 epidemiology 67.15 differential diagnosis 26.26 of prematurity 116.9 definition 42.1 management 67.17 clinical features 26.44 primary 96.21, 96.22 drug-induced 118.6–8 nomenclature 67.15 epidemiology 26.43–4 Schweninger–Buzzi type 96.21 episodic with eosinophilia 43.4 pathophysiology 67.15–16 investigations 26.44 secondary 96.21, 96.22 recurrent cutaneous necrotizing prognosis 67.16 management 26.44–5 variants 96.22 eosinophilic vasculitis differential ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum 67.15, pathophysiology 26.44 aneuploidy 7.2, 7.5 diagnosis 102.11 67.17 vaccination 26.45 aneurysmal bone , radiography 95.48 erythema marginatum association 47.12 ankyloglossia 110.20 variants 26.44 angina bullosa haemorrhagica 110.68 granulomatous cheilitis differential recessive generalized severe dystrophic anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2) gene immunostaining 110.46 diagnosis 110.86 epidermolysis bullosa 71.17 mutations 72.17, 72.18 angioblastoma of Nakagawa 137.25 loiasis 33.11 superior syndrome 110.20 Anthrenus 34.30 angioendothelioma, papillary macroglossia 110.60 ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis antiageing products 156.3–5 intralymphatic 137.34–5 oral 110.59 differential diagnosis 35.44 156.1–2 angioendotheliomatosis, reactive 137.24–5 pseudoallergic reactions 118.6 annular elastolytic giant cell carnosine 156.7, 156.11 angiofibromas recurrent without weals 43.1–6 granuloma 96.25–7, 97.10 phytochemicals 156.7–9 acne vulgaris differential clinical features 43.4–5 annular erythema of infancy 47.6–8 antiandrogens diagnosis 90.26 epidemiology 43.2 causative organisms 47.6 female cellular 137.9–10 investigations 43.5 clinical features 47.7 management 89.23 carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 laboratory profiles 43.5 definition 47.6 hirsutism treatment 89.67 laser therapy 23.10 management 43.5–6 differential diagnosis 47.7 antiangiogenic agents, port-wine penile ectopic lesions 111.5 pathophysiology 43.3–4 epidemiology 47.6–7 stains 23.9 tuberous sclerosis complex 80.10, 80.11 solar 127.20 investigations 47.7–8 antibiotics 19.41–3 angiogenesis 103.1 systemic capillary leak syndrome 43.4 lesions 47.6, 47.7 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 chemokines role 8.40 urticaria 42.4, 42.14, 47.7, 151.2, 151.3 management 47.8 acne treatment metastatic spread role. 147.5 vibratory 42.9, 42.10, 47.10, 123.25 pathology 46.8, 47.6 comedonal 90.39–40 wound healing 10.6 see also acquired angio-oedema (AAE); treatment ladder 47.8 ocular side effects 109.45–6 diabetic wounds 10.9 angiotensin-converting enzyme annular lichenoid dermatitis of youth 37.9 severe 90.44 angioimmunoblastic T-cell (ACE) inhibitor-induced angio- annular erythema of infancy differential acrodermatitis chronica lymphoma 140.45 oedema; hereditary angio-oedema diagnosis 47.7 atrophicans 96.14 angiokeratomas 103.9, 103.10, 103.13–14 (HAE); mast cell mediator-induced ano-genital intraepithelial neoplasia anaphylactic reactions 118.7, 118.8 cherry angioma differential angio-oedema 25.58–9, 142.25 anti-inflammatory effects 19.43 diagnosis 103.12 angiosarcoma 137.36–8, 146.12 genital wart differential diagnosis 25.56 anti-p200 pemphigoid treatment 50.40, circumscriptum 103.13–14 clinical features 137.37–8 transplant recipients 25.63 50.41 corporis diffusum definition 137.36 ano-genital region 113.1 atopic eczema relationship 41.9 Fabry disease 81.7, 81.8, 81.9, 150.3 epithelioid 137.39 allergic contact dermatitis 128.17 bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis lysosomal disorders 81.7 eyelid oedema 105.15 congenital abnormalities 113.4 syndrome treatment 49.13

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 6 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 7

cellulitis treatment 105.14 anti-infective agents, topical 18.9–11 primary anetoderma association 96.21 vulvodynia association 84.8 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis anti-inflammatory products Sneddon syndrome 101.21 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.6 treatment 87.7 hidradenitis suppurativa antiphospholipid syndrome 52.1–3, anxiolytics 86.38 DRESS association 119.5 management 92.10 101.17, 101.19–20 AP-1, ageing of skin 155.6, 155.7–8 drug-induced serum sickness-like phytochemicals 156.9–10 cardiac involvement 150.4 APECED (autoimmune reaction 118.8, 118.9 anti-105 kDa antigen pemphigoid 50.52 catastrophic 51.24, 52.2 polyendocrinopathy, candidosis eczema induction 118.4 anti-laminin γ1 pemphigoid see anti-p200 clinical features 52.2, 101.20 and ectodermal dystrophy) eosinophilic pustular folliculitis pemphigoid definition 52.1 syndrome 32.68, 148.17, 148.18 treatment 93.9 antimalarials 19.5–7 diagnostic criteria 101.19 Apert syndrome 67.7 exanthem induction 118.1, 118.2 adverse effects 19.6–7, 154.15 epidemiology 52.1–2, 101.19 acne 90.9–10 fixed drug eruption 118.12 cardiotoxicity 19.7 investigations 52.2, 101.20 differential diagnosis 72.14 hidradenitis suppurativa cautions 19.7 livedoid vasculopathy 101.22 microtia 108.4 management 92.9–10 contraindications 19.7 management 52.2–3, 101.20 ocular side effects 109.45–6 cutaneous toxicity 19.6 pathophysiology 52.2, 101.19–20 Behçet syndrome 110.30–2 oral contraceptive interactions 90.42 dermatological uses 19.5 primary anetoderma association 96.21, clinical features 110.28 papulopustular acne treatment 90.40, discoid lupus erythematosus 96.22 definition 110.27 90.41–2 treatment 51.10–11 respiratory disease association 151.2 differential diagnosis 110.29 periorificial dermatitis dosage 19.7 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.24 epidemiology 110.27 management 91.18 drug combinations 19.7 antiplatelet drugs, surgical bleeding fixed drug eruption differential prepubertal acne 90.64 drug–drug interactions 19.6 complications 20.8, 20.10 diagnosis 118.12 recurrent cellulitis management 105.12 gastrointestinal toxicity 19.7 anti-programmed-death 1 (anti-PD-1) haematological disease 110.39–41 rosacea treatment 91.13, 91.14 hyperpigmentation 88.25, 88.28 antibodies 143.30 infections 110.48–54 side effects 90.42 oral 110.66 antipsychotic medication 86.37–8 investigations 110.29–30 topical 18.10–11 monitoring 19.7 body dysmorphic disorder 86.13 low-power laser therapy 23.20 antibody deficiencies 82.12–13 myelotoxicity 19.6 hyperprolactinaemia induction 149.15 management 110.30 antibody-dependent cellular toxicity nail coloration 95.14 antiretroviral drugs 31.8, 31.9–11 pathophysiology 110.28 (ADCC) 8.59 neuromuscular toxicity 19.7 cutaneous morbidity reduction 31.12 recurrent 110.27–30 anticentromere antibodies (ACA), ocular side effects 109.43, 109.45 cutaneous side effects 31.18, 31.19 major 110.29 morphoea 57.7 oculotoxicity 19.6–7 hair loss association 89.47, 107.10 minor 110.28, 110.29 anticholinergics pharmacological properties 19.5–6 Kaposi sarcoma 31.30 Sweet syndrome 110.32 hyperhidrosis treatment 94.8 pre-treatment screening 19.7 lipodystrophy 31.10, 31.19–20 systemic diseases association 110.39–56 topical 18.33 regimens 19.7 timing of initiation 31.9–10 variants 110.28 anticoagulants reticular erythematous mucinosis antirheumatic therapies, cutaneous aphthous ulcers antiphospholipid syndrome treatment 59.9 adverse reactions 154.14–15 Behçet disease 48.7 treatment 52.3 sarcoidosis treatment 98.16 anti-Ro antibody 51.34 oral and inflammatory bowel disease surgical bleeding complications 20.8, side effects 51.11, 51.22 antiseptics 18.9–10 association 152.3 20.11 subacute cutaneous lupus antisynthetase syndrome 53.3, 53.4, 53.7, penile 111.17 anticonvulsants erythematosus 51.14 53.8, 53.9 scrotal 111.17 DRESS association 119.5 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.35, respiratory disease association 151.2–3 vulval 112.18 exanthem induction 118.1 88.21 anti-TNF-α aphthovirus 25.80 anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antimicrobial agents 19.41–4 non-tuberculous mycobacterial Apis mellifera 34.14 protein 4 (anti-CTLA-4) 143.30, allergic contact dermatitis 128.32–40 infections 27.32 aplasia cutis 89.11 143.31 Darier disease 66.9 tuberculosis treatment 27.12 alopecia 89.49 antidepressants 86.35–7 topical corticosteroid formulations 18.18 α1-antitrypsin deficiency 74.9 congenita 75.19–20 prescribing 86.35–6 antimicrobial peptides 2.12 respiratory disorder association 151.5 congenital erosive and vesicular scalp dysaesthesia treatment 107.14 immunity against ringworm 32.21 severe 99.41 dermatosis with reticulated scarring switching drugs 86.37 innate immunity 8.13–14 α1-antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis 99.8, differential diagnosis 96.12 antidiabetic drugs, pruritus induction role in immunity/inflammation 8.14 99.41–3 epidermolysis bullosa differential 83.12 antimicrobial resistance clinical features 99.42 diagnosis 71.23 antiepileptic drugs, acne association gonococcus 30.7, 30.8 complications/co-morbidities 99.42 aplastic anaemia 77.4–5 90.12 29.5 definition 99.41 apocrine glands 2.2, 2.8, 2.9, 2.43, 138.1, antifungal agents 19.43–4 antimony, reactions to 122.1–2 differential diagnosis 99.42 138.2 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis antineoplastic agents, topical 18.26–8 genetics 99.41 anatomy 94.15 treatment 87.7 antinuclear antibodies (ANA) 127.35 investigations 99.42–3 carcinoma 138.23 topical 18.11–12 discoid lupus erythematosus 89.41 management 99.43 cutaneous myoepithelioma 138.33–4 antigen presentation 8.27–31 morphoea 57.1, 57.6–7 pancreatic panniculitis differential cylindroma 107.10, 138.30–1 antigen presenting cells (APC) 8.21, 8.28, 57.1 diagnosis 99.40 malignant 138.35–6 8.29, 136.1, 136.2 Sjögren syndrome 55.7 pathophysiology 99.41–2 disorders 94.15–18 B7 family proteins 8.58 Sneddon syndrome 101.21 antituberculous chemotherapy hair-bearing sites 2.44 late-phase allergic response 8.59 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.27, drug eruptions 31.17 hidradenocarcinoma 138.36 sensitization 8.55 51.32–3 see also ethambutol; isoniazid; hidradenoma 138.29–30 antiglomerular basement membrane systemic sclerosis 56.2, 56.8 rifampicin; thioacetazone hidrocystoma 138.19–20 vasculitis disease 102.19–20 antioestrogen drugs, alopecia 89.49 anti-type IV collagen pemphigoid 50.51 microcystic adnexal carcinoma 138.37–8 antihistamines 19.3–5 antioxidants antiviral agents 19.44 94.17–18 adverse effects 19.4 ageing skin 2.47 erythema multiforme 47.6 mixed tumour of the skin 138.32–3 cautions 19.4–5 antiageing effects 156.1–2 herpes zoster treatment 109.38 mucinous carcinoma 138.38–9 children 42.17 cosmeceuticals 156.1–3 topical 18.12–13 physiology 94.15 contraindications 19.4 photoageing prevention 96.4 ants 34.14–16 pregnancy 115.2 dermatological uses 19.4 phytochemicals 156.6–8, 156.11 bites spiradenocarcinoma 138.36–7 dose 19.5 preservatives in topic medications 18.8 clinical features 34.16 spiradenoma 138.31–2 drug–drug interactions 19.5 anti-p200 pemphigoid 50.18, 50.38–41 management 34.16 tubular adenoma 138.22 first-generation 19.4 autoantibody specificity 50.10 pathophysiology 34.15 tumours 138.19–23 in atopic eczema 41.30 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus venom 34.15 138.34–40 lichen simplex treatment 39.30 differential diagnosis 50.48 anus follicular 138.29–34 mastocytosis management 46.9 clinical features 50.10, 50.39, 50.40 imperforate 113.4 follicular carcinoma 138.35–40 pharmacological properties 19.4 definition 50.38 pigmented 143.14 apoeccrine glands 2.9 pregnancy 42.17 differential diagnosis 50.39 see also anal entries Apoidea 34.14 recurrent angio-oedema without epidemiology 50.38 anxiety 11.1, 11.2, 11.3–4, 11.4 apolipoprotein E 62.8 weals 43.5 investigations 50.39–40 acne vulgaris 90.34–5 apoptolysis, pemphigus 50.3 regimens 19.5 management 50.40–1 integrated management 11.8 apoptosis 3.34 second-generation 19.4 nomenclature 50.38 peno-scrotodynia association 84.8 defects 82.14 127.23 pathophysiology 50.38–9 seborrhoeic dermatitis diabetic wounds 10.9 topical 18.33 antiparasitic agents, topical 18.13 association 40.4 inflammation 8.53–4 urticaria management 42.16–18 antiperspirants 18.33 social 11.4 keratinocyte-induced 12.3 treatment 44.5 antiphospholipid antibodies solar urticaria association 127.23 protease role 8.40

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apoptosis (continued) arterial thrombosis ash-leaf macules, tuberous sclerosis collagen type XXIX 2.29 regulation 8.53, 8.54 antiphospholipid syndrome complex 80.10, 80.11, 80.12 complications/co-morbidities 41.21–3 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.13 association 52.2 ashy dermatosis 88.32–3 Compositae allergy 128.52 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.13 HIV infection 31.13 differential diagnosis 26.68 defensin activity 8.14 UVR-regulated 9.6–7 arterial tortuosity syndrome 72.12 aspartylglucosaminuria 81.5 definition 41.1 appearance role in society 11.1–2 arterial/arteriolar disorders 103.2–18 aspergillosis -induced appliances causing callosities 123.8 arterial disease 103.2, 103.3, 103.4 oral lesions 110.54 differential diagnosis 32.49 apremilast cherry angiomas 103.12–13 panniculitis 99.58 desensitization 41.32 plaque psoriasis treatment 35.29 neurovascular disorders 103.6–8 rhinocerebral 110.54 diagnosis 41.21 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.45 thromboangiitis obliterans 103.4–6, Aspergillus niger, otomycosis 32.17, 32.18 diagnostic criteria 41.1, 41.2 aquaporin(s) (AQPs) 94.2 121.2 Aspergillus, systemic mycosis 32.94–5 diet 41.7 gene, ageing skin 155.9 see also angiokeratomas; erythromelalgia; Aspergillus terreus 32.55 differential diagnosis 41.21 aqueous cream 18.9 aspirin disease course 41.24–5 arachidonic acid 8.23, 8.49 arteriogenesis 103.1 Kawasaki disease treatment 102.33 disease flares 41.13–14 arachis oil 18.5–6 arterioles 2.42 stabilization 46.9 dry skin association 41.23 Arachnida 34.32–5, 34.36, 34.37–9 arteriovenous disorders 73.7–9 thrombocytosis treatment 101.12 eczema herpeticum 25.39 Acari 34.35–9 arteriovenous fistula (AVF) 73.3, 73.4 urticarial eruptions 42.16, 47.7, 118.7 eczematous cheilitis 110.84 Araneae 34.32–4 arteriovenous malformations (AVM) 73.3, assassin bugs 34.27–8 educational underachievement 11.5 Hexathelidae 34.33 73.4, 73.7–8, 103.19–20, 103.21 Assessments of the Psychological and emollients 41.28–30 Lycosidae 34.34 associated conditions 103.19, 103.20 Social Effects of Acne (APSEA) endocrine factors 41.15 Scorpiones 34.34–5 clinical features 103.21 questionnaire 16.6 environmental factors 41.6–8 Sicariidae 34.33–4 definition 103.19 asteatosis 87.25–7 eosinophil granule proteins 8.19 Theridiidae 34.32–3 epidemiology 103.19 skin barrier function effects 155.9 epidemiology 41.3–4 arachnidism 34.32 infants 103.21 see also eczema, asteatotic filaggrin mutations 8.56 Araneae 34.32–4 investigations 103.20 asthma filaggrin status 41.2 arbutin 156.8–9, 156.11 management 103.20 atopic 2.7, 151.2 genetics 41.5–6 Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 26.43 pathophysiology 103.19–20 atopic eczema association 41.11, 41.23 growth delay 41.22 Areca nut 110.56 peripheral 103.19–20, 103.21 eosinophil association 8.19 hand 39.17, 41.20, 41.21 arecoline 110.57 arteritis, cannabis 121.2 platelet activating factor hand eczema association 39.3, 39.12 arenavirus infections 25.69–72 arthritis dysregulation 8.47 history 41.15–16 Argasidae 34.35–6 acne association 154.10 platinum toxicity 122.9 HIV infection 31.14 Argentinian haemorrhagic fever 25.71 acne conglobata association 90.54 astringents 18.9 children 31.35 arginine catabolic mobile element 26.9 adult-onset Still disease 45.10 astrocytoma hygiene hypothesis 41.8–9 argininosuccinic aciduria 81.11, 81.15 Behçet disease 48.5, 48.7, 48.9–10 –astrocytoma syndrome 147.7 hyperpigmentation 41.16, 41.18 89.54 bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis neurofibromatosis association 80.3, hypopigmentation 41.16, 41.17 Argyll Robertson pupils 29.20 syndrome 49.13 147.8 IFN-γ treatment 8.34 88.52, 122.7–8 cervical 108.28 asymmetric periflexural exanthem of IgE 41.11–12, 41.14 ear piercing complications 108.8 dermatomyositis 53.9 childhood 25.89 immune dysregulation 41.9–10 earrings 122.7 distal interphalangeal joint 95.41 ataxia telangiectasia 78.11, 82.11 immunological abnormalities 26.13 generalized 122.7 mutilans 35.43 respiratory disorder association 151.5 incidence 129.2 arm, swollen 105.12–14 pyogenic, hidradenitis suppurativa ataxia with vitamin E deficiency infantile phase 41.16 causes 105.12–13 association 92.2 (AVED) 63.11 infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis clinical features 105.13 pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma atazanavir 31.10 differential diagnosis 117.2 differential diagnosis 105.13 gangrenosum and acne atherosclerosis 103.2–4 infections 41.30 epidemiology 105.13 syndrome 45.3, 45.8 athletes see sports injuries inflammation suppression 41.30 genetics 105.13 septic 154.3–4 athlete’s foot see tinea pedis innate immune cells 41.11 investigations 105.14 seronegative 154.5 athlete’s nodule 123.16 innate immunity 41.11, 41.13 lymphoedema 105.51–2 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.27–8 athyroidal with spiky hair investigations 41.25–6 management 105.14 see also juvenile ; and cleft palate syndrome 68.23 irritant contact dermatitis differential overgrowth 105.12, 105.13 mixed connective tissue disease; ATM gene mutations 147.13 diagnosis 129.6 pathophysiology 105.13 psoriatic arthritis; reactive arthritis; atopic blepharoconjunctivitis 109.15, itch management 41.30 predisposing factors 105.13 rheumatoid arthritis 109.17 psychosocial impact 105.53 arthrochalasia multiplex congenita 72.5 clinical characteristics 109.22, 109.23 association 87.9 see also digit(s); fingers; hand(s) arthrogryposis renal dysfunction see atopic eczema differential diagnosis 87.10 armadillo family of proteins 2.18 cholestasis (ARC) 65.27, 65.28 (dermatitis) lichenification 39.4 armchair legs 105.8, 105.50 arthropods, skin disease 34.1–5 atopic dirty neck 41.16, 41.18 lipids 41.6 aromatase inhibitors, alopecia 89.49 allergen injection 34.2 atopic eczema (dermatitis) 2.7, 41.1–34, lip-lick cheilitis 41.24, 41.29 array chromosomal genomic hybridization anaphylaxis 34.4 117.2–3 lower leg 39.20 (array CGH) 76.1 bite reactions 34.3, 34.3–4 actinic prurigo differential lymphoma association 41.23 chromosomal mosaicism detection 76.5 clinical features 34.3–4 diagnosis 127.11 macrophage inhibitory factor role 8.22 arrector pili hamartoma 137.55 contact reactions 34.2 β-adrenergic signalling defect 149.9 management 19.10, 41.25, 41.26–34 arsenic keratosis 122.2, 122.3, 142.12–13 definition 34.1 adult phase 41.19, 41.20 first line treatment 41.25, 41.27–31 clinical features 142.13 disease transmission 34.2 allergic contact dermatitis second line treatment 41.31–2 definition 142.12 environmental factors 34.2–3 differential diagnosis 128.61, 128.62 third line treatment 41.32–4 epidemiology 142.12–13 injection of irritant/cytotoxic/ relationship 41.13 topical tacrolimus 18.20 Flegel disease differential pharmacologically active allergic rhinitis association 41.23 mast cell role 2.17 diagnosis 87.17 substances 34.2 allergy management 41.31–2 MHC role 8.27 investigations 142.13 investigations 34.4–5 ano-genital 111.11 mucous membrane pemphigoid management 142.13 management 34.5 antimicrobial peptides 2.12 differential diagnosis 50.29 multiple minute digitate keratoses mechanical trauma 34.1 assessment 41.26, 41.27 nomenclature 41.1, 41.2 differential diagnosis 87.18 mechanisms of action 34.1–3 assessment tools 16.3 non-adherence to treatment 11.4 pathophysiology 142.13 pathophysiology 34.1–3 asthma association 41.11, 41.23 occupational advice 41.25 spiny keratoderma differential pet animals 34.4–5 autoantigens 41.14 occupational allergic contact dermatitis diagnosis 65.52 prevention 34.5 autoimmunity 41.14 differential diagnosis 130.6 arsenic, reactions to 122.2–3 retained mouthparts reactions 34.2 bathing 41.28–30 occupational irritant contact dermatitis basal cell carcinoma risk 141.3 secondary infection 34.2, 34.4 breastfeeding impact 41.7, 41.25, 41.32 differential diagnosis 130.3 pigmentation 88.52–3 see also named arthropods and conditions childhood phase 41.16, 41.17–19, 41.19, ocular abnormalities 41.22–3 artefacts 3.27–8 aryl sulphatase, lysosomal 8.44 41.20 oral therapy 41.30–1 male genital dermatoses 111.7–9 asbestos, occupational acne 130.11 children with HIV infection 31.35 pathogenesis 41.2 penile 111.8 Ascher syndrome 96.24–5 chronic actinic dermatitis pathophysiology 41.4–6 perianal/perineal 113.31–2 Asclepius (Ancient Greek ) 1.2 association 127.14 patient education 15.3 arterial disease 103.2, 103.3, 103.4 Ascomycota 28.3, 28.4, 32.3, 32.4 cigarette smoke association 41.7–8 pharmacological abnormalities 41.14 arterial occlusion ascorbic acid 63.22 climate factors 41.6–7 photoaggravated, chronic actinic acrocyanosis differential diagnosis 125.5 milaria treatment 94.13 clinical features 41.15–16, 41.17–19, dermatitis differential filler adverse reaction 157.9–10 aseptic abscess syndrome 49.17 41.19, 41.20, 41.21–5 diagnosis 127.16

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 8 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 9

phototherapy 41.32 malignant atrophic papulosis differential autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome bullous systemic lupus erythematosus pollution association 41.7–8 diagnosis 101.24 associations 64.4 treatment 50.48, 50.49 prevalence 5.9, 6.1, 41.3, 41.4 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.24–5 type 1 82.17 carcinogenesis 19.9 prevention 41.25 autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, cautions 19.9 prognosis 41.24–5 follicular 96.14–15 candidosis and ectodermal chronic actinic dermatitis protein–energy malnutrition differential linear 96.15 dystrophy (APECED) management 127.20 diagnosis 63.4 of Pasini–Pierini 57.11, 57.13, 96.15–16 syndrome 32.68, 148.17, 148.18 contraindications 19.9 pruritus 41.14–15, 83.9 vermiculatum 87.10 autoimmune thyroid disease 145.20 dermatological uses 19.8 psoriasis differential diagnosis 31.15 of skin 96.6–19 dermatitis herpetiformis dose 19.9 psychological factors 41.15, 41.21–2, 86.2 atrophic 96.11–12 association 50.53 hypersensitivity syndrome 19.9 psychological impact 11.4 corticosteroid-induced 96.7–9 DRESS association 119.10 infection risk 19.9 PUVA 21.4 clinical features 96.8 association 97.2 irritant contact dermatitis 129.8 quality of life 41.21 investigations 96.8 palmoplantar pustulosis monitoring 19.10 measures 16.6 management 96.9 association 35.38 myelosuppression 19.8–9 recurrent herpes simplex 25.16 pathophysiology 96.7–8 association 36.1 pemphigus treatment 50.8 severity 41.3–4 facial hemiatrophy 96.17–18 sarcoidosis association 98.2 pharmacological properties 19.8 classification 41.21 96.14–15 systemic sclerosis association 56.7 polymorphic light eruption sex steroid influence 41.15 linear atrophoderma 96.15 urticaria association 42.3 management 127.8 skin barrier function 41.5 onchocerciasis 33.3, 33.4 autoimmunity pre-treatment screening 19.9 social class trend 5.10 panatrophy 96.7, 96.17 atopic eczema 41.14 regimens 19.9 social stigma 11.5 paroxysmal finger haematoma 96.16–17, morphoea 57.6–7 skin cancer association 146.6, 146.7 staphylococcal infections 2.13 101.6 autoinflammatory disorders 19.32, systemic lupus erythematosus Staphylococcus aureus infection 26.13, see also acrodermatitis chronica 45.1–12 treatment 51.30, 51.36 41.13, 41.30 atrophicans; ageing of skin; acquired 154.10 azelaic acid 18.12, 18.29, 159.2 disease flares 41.13–14 photodamage; , classification 45.2 comedonal acne treatment 90.40 streptococcal infections 26.12–13 acquired; striae complex and polygenic presenting papulopustular acne treatment 90.40–1 stress role 8.50–1 atropine-like drugs, hyperhidrosis with urticarial/maculopapular rosacea treatment 91.13 subtypes 5.4 treatment 94.9 45.9–11 azoles 19.43 sweating 41.15 atypical cutaneous lymphoproliferative hereditary 154.10 azone, penetration enhancer 18.7 topical therapy 41.28–30, 41.31 disorder (ACLD) 31.31–2 management 45.12 tacrolimus 18.20 atypical fibroxanthoma 137.22–3 monogenic 45.1–2, 45.3, 45.4–8, 154.10 B treatment 5.3 radiation-induced 24.19, 137.22 definition 45.1–2 B cell(s) 8.31 T-reg cells 41.10–11 atypical intradermal smooth muscle musculoskeletal 154.10–11 biological therapies against 19.32–4 trigger factor reduction 41.28–9 neoplasm 137.57 pyoderma gangrenosum histamine regulation of urban versus rural living 41.7 atypical lipomatous tumour 137.60–1 association 49.3 function 8.47 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.6 atypical vascular proliferation after autoinflammatory granulomatosis of IgE-committed 8.56 UVB phototherapy 21.4, 21.5 radiotherapy (AVPR) 137.40, 137.41 childhood 45.3, 45.7, 96.37, 154.8 immunogenotyping 3.27 vascular abnormalities 41.14 auramine–rhodamine staining 3.10 autoinflammatory syndromes with see also B-cell lymphoma; cutaneous weaning age 41.7 Auspitz’s sign 35.9–10 pustulosis 45.7–8 B-cell lymphoma wet wrap technique 41.31 autism, trichothiodystrophy autonomic nervous system 85.3 B-cell receptor 8.31 white dermographism 41.14 association 89.55 dysfunction and benign symmetrical β-blockers, flushing treatment 106.8–9 xerosis cutis differential diagnosis autoantibodies lipomatosis association 100.14 β-catenin 2.4 87.26 systemic sclerosis 56.2, 56.8 autosomal dominant familial partial β-defensins 2.12 atopic eruption of pregnancy 83.12, 115.15, transplacental transfer of lipodystrophy 100.3 babesiosis 34.38 115.16 maternal 116.11–14 autosomal dominant periodic fever see 26.61–2, 34.12 atopic eye disease 109.15–17, 109.18–19, autoantigens, atopic eczema 41.14 tumour necrosis factor (TNF) cherry angioma differential 109.19, 109.20–2, 109.22–4, 109.24, auto-eczematization 34.38 receptor-associated periodic diagnosis 103.12 109.24 autoimmune disorders syndrome (TRAPS) differential diagnosis 26.62 classification 109.15 acquired generalized lipodystrophy autosomal dominant punctate Fournier 31.20–1 clinical features 109.17, 109.18–19, association 100.3 porokeratosis 65.52 Kaposi sarcoma differential 109.19, 109.20–2, 109.22, 109.23 adrenalitis 145.18 autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis diagnosis 31.29, 111.24, 139.4 clinical variants 109.17, 109.19, 109.22 blistering 3.11 (ARCI) 65.3, 65.6–13 oral lesions 110.53 complications/co-morbidities 109.22 erythema multiforme differential bathing 65.38 bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) diagnosis 109.23 diagnosis 47.6 collodion baby association 116.19 disseminated infection 31.35 differential diagnosis 109.22 immunofluorescence studies 3.17–18 Comèl– differential infection 82.8 epidemiology 109.15 immunopathology techniques 3.17 diagnosis 65.25 polyclonal antibody 3.10 investigations 109.22 association 50.11 hyperparathyroidism 145.21 see also BCG vaccination management 109.22–4, 109.24 complement defects 82.18 management 65.38–9 Bacillus anthracis 26.43–5 algorithm 109.24 delayed-type hypersensitivity 8.60 palmoplantar 65.42 Bacillus oleronius, rosacea pathophysiology 109.15–17 diabetes 64.4 pathophysiology 65.6 association 91.5 severity classification 109.22 interstitial granulomatous dermatosis autosomal recessive hypotrichosis 2.19 bacitracin 18.10 treatment ladder 109.22–4 association 154.14 localized 68.5, 68.15 back, upper, surgery 20.46 atopic keratoconjunctivitis 109.15, mixed cryoglobulinaemia 125.10 syndromic 68.17–18 , skin 2.13, 26.2–6 109.16–17, 109.22 morphoea association 57.5 autosomal recessive ichthyosis with adherence 26.5 clinical characteristics 109.19, 109.20–1, nitric oxide role 8.46 hypotrichosis 65.36, 68.6, 68.17–18 Staphylococcus aureus 26.7 109.22, 109.23 pityriasis rubra pilaris association 36.1 68.20–1 age effects 26.4 severity classification 109.22 pregnancy 115.5–6 avalvulosis 103.36 ethnic differences 26.4 atopic march 41.11–12 primary immunodeficiency 82.2 avidin 63.23 hydration effects 26.4 atopy proximal nail fold avidin–biotin–peroxidase complex (ABC) microbial ecology 26.2–4 allergic contact dermatitis 128.10–11 capillaroscopy 95.52–3 method 3.16 modifying factors 26.4 Comèl–Netherton syndrome 65.25 reactive oxygen species axilla normal flora 26.3–4 association 37.18 production 8.44 allergic contact dermatitis 128.16, 128.45 quantitative cultural studies 26.4 patch test 41.13 respiratory system disorder bacterial flora 26.5 sampling methods 26.2–3 ATP7A gene mutations 81.18 association 151.2–3 extramammary Paget disease 147.6 sex differences 26.4 atranol 128.53 sarcoidosis association 98.2 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.1, 92.5, skin defences 26.5–6 atrial myxoma 101.16, 101.17 systemic sclerosis association 56.7 92.6, 92.8 specialized areas 26.4–5 atrichia 68.3–4, 68.12–15 systemic with renal involvement 153.6 axillary vault excision 94.10 temporary resident 26.3 with papular lesions 68.3, 68.12–15 TNF-α role 8.35 axillary web syndrome 103.33 bacterial antigens atrophia maculosa varioliformis, 88.35 axon reflex response 8.51 delayed sensitivity testing 4.24–5 pachydermodactyly see also dermatomyositis; systemic azathioprine 19.7–10 delayed-type tests 4.25 association 96.36 sclerosis adverse effects 19.8–9 infective eczema 39.23–4 atrophie blanche 101.22–3 autoimmune gastritis, vitamin B12 anti-p200 pemphigoid treatment 50.40, bacterial endocarditis, hyperhidrosis chronic venous insufficiency 103.38, deficiency association 63.19 50.41 94.5 103.39 autoimmune lymphoproliferative atopic eczema treatment 41.33 bacterial furuncle, tinea capitis differential Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 syndrome 74.9, 82.14–15 breastfeeding mothers 51.30 diagnosis 32.40

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bacterial infections 26.1–85 Barraquer–Simons syndrome 100.4, 153.2 pathology 141.4, 141.6 B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, abnormal sweat odour 94.16 barrier cream, hand eczema protection pathophysiology 141.2–4, 141.5, 141.6, Schnitzler syndrome association 45.10 anaerobic 26.64–6 39.17 141.7–8 BCG vaccination 27.11–12 aphthous ulceration 110.40 Bartholin’s abscess 30.4, 30.5, 30.11 photocarcinogenesis 127.29 complications 27.11, 27.21 arthropathies 154.3–5 vulval 112.23, 112.24 photodynamic therapy 22.5, 22.6, 22.7 leprosy 28.17 atopic eczema 41.22 Bartholin’s , vulval 112.31 phymatous rosacea differential 27.21 children with HIV 31.35 Bartholin’s gland diagnosis 91.11 complications 27.24 chronic otitis externa 108.18 involvement 112.25 pigmented 20.46, 141.8, 141.9 primary inoculation tuberculosis 27.13 confluent and reticulated obstruction 112.31 post- 24.14 bcl-2 3.25 papillomatosis 87.6 Bartonella 26.59–63 radiation-induced 24.19 bcl-6 3.24–5 dysgonic fermenters 26.63–4 Bartonella alsatica 34.12 radiodermatitis presentation 107.4 beard ear piercing complications 108.7 Bartonella bacilliformis 26.62, 31.21 radiotherapy 140.7–12, 146.14 growth 89.8 erythema annulare centrifugum 47.9 Bartonella henselae adjuvant 140.9 ringworm 32.41 erythema multiforme 47.3 bacillary angiomatosis 26.61–2, 31.21 recurrence 24.19 see also pseudofolliculitis barbae 19.18, 99.19 cat scratch disease 26.60–1, 34.12 rosacea obscuring 91.12 Beare-Stevenson syndrome 67.7, 87.3 eugonic fermenters 26.64 Bartonella quintana 34.12 seborrhoeic keratosis differential Beau’s lines 95.11 eyes 109.41–2 bacillary angiomatosis 26.61–2 diagnosis 133.3 becaplermin 10.11, 18.34 gastrointestinal in rosacea 91.4 head association 34.18 skin wrinkling 155.2 neuropathic ulcers 85.6 Gram-negative bacteria 26.48–64 26.60, 34.21 squamous cell carcinoma differential Becker 75.19 anaerobic 26.64–6 Bart–Pumphrey syndrome 65.57 diagnosis 108.25 laser treatment 23.13–14 Gram-positive bacteria 26.6–48 knuckle pad association 96.34 superficial 141.6, 141.9, 141.12 speckled lentiginous naevi differential HIV infection 31.20–2 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) 141.1–21 actinic keratosis differential diagnosis 132.17 children 31.35 actinic keratosis association 125.13, 142.2 diagnosis 142.5 Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome host defence 26.2 advanced 141.10 Bowen disease differential macroglossia 110.60 immunodeficiency association 148.15 allergic contact dermatitis differential diagnosis 142.19, 142.20 pinna creases 108.6 infectious panniculitis 99.43, 99.44 diagnosis 128.62 carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 bedbugs 34.24–5, 34.26, 34.27 infective cheilitis 110.87 ano-genital 113.20 disseminated superficial actinic clinical features 34.25, 34.26 lymphatic malformations 73.16 basosquamous 141.6 porokeratosis differential epidemiology 34.24 mucous membrane pemphigoid benign lichenoid keratosis differential diagnosis 142.16 infestation prevention 34.27 differential diagnosis 50.29 diagnosis 133.7 surgical treatment 140.7, 140.8, 140.9, management 34.25, 34.27 neonates 116.23–7 Bowen disease association 142.17 141.16–17 papular urticaria 117.11 oral lesions 110.52–3 chondrodermatitis nodularis differential topical 5-fluorouracil therapy 18.26 pathophysiology 34.24–5 perineum/perianal region 113.9–11 diagnosis 108.9, 141.11 ulcerated 141.10 bees 34.14–16 pinna 108.11 cicatricial pemphigoid differential UV radiation as risk factor 141.2 stings 135.4 diagnosis 50.51 UVR role 9.9–10 clinical features 34.15–16 polyarteritis nodosa induction 102.30 clinical features 141.8–11 variants 141.8–10 management 34.16 reactive arthritis 112.17 immunocompromised patients 146.11 vulval 112.37 pathophysiology 34.15 secondary with varicella cytodiagnosis 3.26 see also naevoid basal cell carcinoma venom 34.15 infection 25.25–6 definition 141.1 (BCC) syndrome beeswax 18.7 systemic lupus erythematosus differential diagnosis 141.10–11 basal cell naevus syndrome 67.7 beetles 34.28–30 association 51.19 with eccrine differentiation 138.38 basal cell papilloma see seborrhoeic allergenic species 34.30 umbilicus 116.25 environmental factors 141.2–3 keratosis vesicating species 34.29 vulval 112.23–5 epidemiology 141.2 basal lamina 3.34 Behçet disease 48.1–7, 48.8–10, 48.10, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal external ear 108.24 lymphatic system 2.43 110.30–2 dysplasia with eyelid 109.49–50 basaloid follicular hamartoma 138.13 aetiology 110.30–1 immunodeficiency 67.10, 67.11 fibroepithelial 141.10, 141.17 base excision repair (BER) 9.6 anal fissure differential diagnosis 113.29 see also named organisms and conditions genetic syndromes 141.4, 141.5 basement membrane 2.1, 2.2, 2.20–1, 2.22 aphthous stomatitis differential bacterial interference 26.5–6 genetics 141.3, 141.5 adhesion to 2.27 diagnosis 110.29 bactericidal respiratory burst 8.18 genital 111.33 barrier 129.3 autoimmune mechanisms 48.3 Bacteroides 26.64 high-risk 141.16 collagen 2.22, 2.23 bowel-associated dermatosis– balanitis 111.3–4 histological patterns 141.6, 141.7, 141.8 mechanical function 123.5 arthritis syndrome differential candidal 32.65 HIV infection 31.30 vascular 2.42–3 diagnosis 49.13 circinate and reactive arthritis 154.2, imiquimod therapy 18.27 wound healing 10.6 causative organisms 48.2 154.3 immunocompromised patients 146.11 basement membrane zone (BMZ) 2.20–1 classification 48.1 penile cancer risk 111.30 management 146.13–14 attachment structures 2.21 clinical features 48.3–7, 110.31, 151.5 pseudoepitheliomatous micaceous and incidence 6.1 biochemical components 2.20–1 complications/co-morbidities 48.6 keratotic 111.29 infiltrative 141.6, 141.7 laminins 2.23–5 cytokine mediators 48.3 xerotica obliterans 111.14 investigations 141.11–12, 141.14 molecular components 2.21 definition 48.1 Zoon plasma cell 110.88 keloid differential diagnosis 96.48 ultrastructure 2.20, 2.21 diagnosis 110.31–2, 123.3 balanoposthitis 111.3, 111.4 lip 110.81 basic growth factor (bFGF) 8.5 differential diagnosis 48.6 differential lupus vulgaris co-morbidity 27.24 Basidiobolus ranarum 32.80–1 disease course 48.6–7 diagnosis 111.14 management 18.27, 31.31, 141.12–16 Basidiomycota 28.3, 28.4–5, 32.3, 32.4–5 endothelial cells 48.3 non-specific 111.16–17 Mohs micrographic surgery 20.36, basiloma see basal cell carcinoma (BCC) epidemiology 48.1–2 non-syphilitic spirochaetal 20.37, 20.38, 20.39 basophils 8.17, 8.19 erythema nodosum differential ulcerative 111.23 photodynamic therapy 22.5, 22.6, 22.7 Bateman purpura 101.5, 155.3–4 diagnosis 99.22 balding, common 89.14 radiotherapy 24.19, 140.7–12, 140.9, Bateman, Thomas 1.4 genetics 48.2–3 associated diseases 89.15–16 146.14 bath itch 83.11 genital ulceration 111.17, 111.18 see also hair loss, pattern surgical treatment 140.7, 140.8, 140.9, bath oils 18.9 heat shock proteins 48.3 balicatib, morphoea association 57.11 141.16–17 Bazex syndrome 68.6, 68.20, 96.14, 147.19, IL-1 antagonist therapy 19.32 ballooning degeneration 3.35 topical 5-fluorouracil therapy 18.26 152.1 investigations 48.7 balsam(s) 128.25–7 metastatic 141.10 atrichia with papular lesions differential management 110.32 balsam of Peru 128.25, 128.26, 128.27 metatypical 141.6 diagnosis 68.14 mucocutaneous lesions 48.2, 48.4, 48.5, delayed-type hypersensitivity 8.60 micronodular 141.6, 141.7 basal cell carcinoma 141.4, 141.21 48.7, 48.9 bamboo hair, Netherton syndrome 89.53–4 Mohs micrographic surgery 20.36, 20.37, milia association 134.5 mucous membrane pemphigoid Bamforth–Lazarus syndrome 68.23 20.38, 20.39 pili torti 68.6 differential diagnosis 50.29 Bannayan–Riley–Ruvalcaba high-risk facial tumour 20.39 differential diagnosis 68.20 ocular disease 48.4–5, 48.7, 48.9 syndrome 74.8, 80.13 morphoeic (sclerosing) 22.7, 141.6, see also acrokeratosis paraneoplastica pathophysiology 48.2–3 benign symmetrical lipomatosis 141.9–10 Bazin disease see of perineum/perianal region 113.8 differential diagnosis 100.15 naevoid syndrome 141.2 Bazin presentation 48.3–4 infiltrating lipomatosis of the face epidermoid cysts 134.1 B-cell lymphoma prevention 48.10 differential diagnosis 100.18 nail apparatus 95.33 age-related Epstein–Barr virus- respiratory disorder association 151.4 BAPomas 132.35 nodular 141.6, 141.8, 141.12, 141.13 associated 25.34 severity 48.6 barber’s hair sinus 123.22 nomenclature 141.1 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 140.37, subcutaneous Sweet syndrome barley itch 34.49 Paget disease of the nipple differential 140.41–3 differential diagnosis 99.49–50 Barmah Forest virus 25.77 diagnosis 138.42 see also cutaneous B-cell lymphoma systemic lesions 48.4–6

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 10 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 11

systemic lupus erythematosus biofeedback therapies 86.40 biotinidase deficiency 63.23, 81.17 management 109.14–15, 109.16 differential diagnosis 51.27 biofilms, bacterial 26.5 trichorrhexis nodosa 89.54 pathology 109.10 thrombophlebitis migrans biological therapies 14.1, 19.28–35 bipolar disorder 86.33 staphylococcal 109.10, 109.13 association 103.32 acne fulminans treatment 90.53 Bipolaris 32.78, 32.79 treatment ladder 109.15 treatment ladder 48.9–10 adverse effects 19.28, 19.30 Birbeck granules 2.15 blepharochalasis 96.19, 96.24–5 variants 48.4–6 anaphylactic reactions 118.7 birch pollen allergy 128.82–3 blepharoconjunctivitis vulval ulcers 112.19 atopic eczema treatment 41.33–4 Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome atopic 109.15, 109.17, 109.22, 109.23 bejel 26.66–7 B-cell directed 19.32–4 acne vulgaris differential herpes simplex virus 109.36–7, 109.39 beliefs, role in distress 11.2–3 cautions 19.31 diagnosis 90.25 91.8 belimumab 19.32 contraindications 19.31 fibrofolliculoma 138.16 blindness discoid lupus erythematosus directed against cytokines 19.29–32 perifollicular fibroma 138.16 atopic keratoconjunctivitis 109.22 treatment 51.11 disadvantages 19.28–9 renal involvement 153.2 onchocerciasis 33.1, 33.5 systemic lupus erythematosus dose 19.30 respiratory disorder association 151.5 vitamin A deficiency 63.7 treatment 51.36 drug immunogenicity 19.30 trichodiscoma 138.15 vitamin E deficiency 63.11 Bell palsy, HSV infection 25.19 drug–drug interactions 19.31 birthweight, acne vulgaris (s) benign cephalic histiocytosis 136.14, erythema nodosum treatment 99.24 association 90.17 acute oedema 87.27–9 136.15 hidradenitis suppurativa bismuth 88.53 formation 123.6 infants 117.15 management 92.10 bisphenols 18.10 friction 123.6, 123.8–10 see also juvenile xanthogranuloma monitoring 19.31 bisphosphonates, osteogenesis imperfecta sports injuries 123.15 benign hypergammaglobulinaemic nomenclature 19.29 treatment 72.111 sucking 116.3 purpura 101.7–8 ocular side effects 109.46 bite injuries 131.4–6 blister beetles 34.29 benign lichenoid keratosis 37.15, 133.6–7 palmoplantar pustulosis 35.40 infants 117.13, 117.14 blistering benign lymphangioendothelioma 105.39 pharmacological properties 19.30 penile 111.9, 111.26 buffalopox 25.9 benign migratory glossitis 110.13–14 plaque psoriasis 35.29–31 rodent 131.4–5 calcium pump disorders 71.24 benign symmetrical lipomatosis 100.13–15 pre-treatment screening 19.31 see also bites congenital erosive and vesicular clinical features 100.14–15 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.45–6 bitumen, occupational skin cancers dermatosis healing with reticulated differential diagnosis 100.15 pyoderma gangrenosum 130.14 supple scarring 116.8–9 epidemiology 100.14 treatment 49.5–6 Björnstad syndrome, pili torti 68.9, 89.52 desmosomal disorders 71.24 investigations 100.15 regimens 19.30 differential diagnosis 68.20 hereditary diseases 71.1–30 management 100.15 side effects 11.6–7 Black Death 26.57 infants 71.24–5 pathophysiology 100.14 skin cancer association 146.5 black heel/palm 101.6–7, 123.10, 123.15 juvenile spring eruption 127.8–9 variants 100.15 systemic lupus erythematosus black piedra 32.15–16 metabolic disorders 71.24 benzalkonium chloride 18.9, 128.28 treatment 51.36–7 black skin, biological significance 88.8 monkeypox 25.8 benzimidazole, dracunculiasis TNF antagonists 19.29–31 blackflies 34.6–8, 34.8 neonates 71.24–5 treatment 33.12 urticarial vasculitis treatment 44.5 vectors 33.1, 33.2 oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8, 110.26 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one 128.14, biomarkers, atopic eczema treatment 41.34 blackfoot disease 122.3 peeling skin syndromes 71.23–4 128.36–7 biomaterials, wound healing 10.12–13 bladder carcinoma, stoma 114.2 PUVA side effect 21.12 benznidazole, trypanosomiasis biopsy Blaschkitis 75.19 signalling disorders 71.24 treatment 33.40 fetal 7.9 Blaschko’s lines 7.7–8 treatment 71.24–30 benzocaine, topical 128.29 nail 95.54, 95.55–7, 95.57 erythema multiforme 47.6 vaccinia virus 25.7 benzodiazepines, restless legs syndrome penis 111.4 generalized skin disease 75.19 see also epidermolysis bullosa; management 85.17 sentinel lymph node 143.23, 143.25–7, linear atrophoderma 96.15 keratoderma benzoic acid 129.8, 129.9 145.7 linear morphoea 57.17, 57.18, 57.19 blistering distal dactylitis 26.34, 117.8 Whitfield’s ointment 18.12 biopsy of skin 3.2–5 pigmentary mosaicism 76.5, 117.12, Bloch, Bruno 128.1 18.12 artefacts 3.27–8 117.13 blocking, artefacts 3.28 comedonal acne treatment 90.39, 90.40 care of specimen 3.5 porokeratosis 87.21 blood pressure, UVR role 9.9, 9.13 papulopustular acne treatment 90.40 contraindications 3.3 blast crisis 125.4 blood transfusions, anaphylactic benzyl benzoate, treatment 18.13, curettage 3.3, 3.4 Blastomyces dermatitidis 32.85, 32.86, 32.87 reactions 118.7 34.44 elliptical surgical 3.3, 20.12–14 blastomycosis 32.85–7 blood vessels Berardinelli–Seip syndrome 74.1 excision 3.3 chromoblastomycosis differential abnormal/decreased support 101.5–6 89.61 fixatives 3.5 diagnosis 32.77 innervation 85.3 beriberi 63.14 artefacts 3.28 clinical features 32.86 skin 2.41–3 Berloque dermatitis 88.29, 88.30 immunofluorescence technique 3.12–13 differential diagnosis 32.86 vasculogenesis 103.1 beryllium, reactions to 122.8 incision 3.3 disseminated 32.86 vasodilatation/vasoconstriction 2.43 sarcoidosis 98.4 incisional 20.12–14 epidemiology 32.85–6 Bloom syndrome 79.2, 79.3–4, 82.11, 148.13 Bet v1 allergen 128.82–3 panniculitis 3.2 genital 111.24 basal cell carcinoma 141.5 β-blockers indications 3.2 HIV infection-associated 32.86 Cockayne syndrome differential anaphylactic reactions 118.7 information provided with specimen 3.4 investigations 32.86–7 diagnosis 78.9 drug eruptions 118.3 informed consent 3.2 management 32.87 discoid lupus erythematosus differential Marfan syndrome treatment 72.17 instruments 3.3 oral lesions 110.54 diagnosis 51.9 β-hydroxyl acids (BHA), antiageing investigative techniques 3.2 paracoccidioidomycosis differential malignancy association 147.12 products 156.3 laboratory methods 3.5–10 diagnosis 32.90 neonatal lupus erythematosus betel nut lesion type 3.2 pathophysiology 32.86 differential diagnosis 51.38, 116.13 argyria 122.7–8 local anaesthesia 3.2–3 perineum/perianal region 113.11 Rothmund–Thomson syndrome erythroplasia 110.72 multiple 3.2 primary cutaneous 32.86 differential diagnosis 77.6 lichen planus 37.3 needle 3.4 pulmonary 32.86 blowflies 34.9–10 oral cancer risk 110.34 punch 3.3–4, 20.14 treatment ladder 32.87 blue rubber bleb naevus syndrome 73.12– oral hyperpigmentation 110.66 panniculitis 3.2 Blau syndrome see autoinflammatory 13 110.56, 110.57 shave 3.3, 3.4, 20.14 granulomatosis of childhood cherry angioma differential Bethyloidea 34.15 site bleach 18.10 diagnosis 103.12 bexarotene 18.23, 19.37 histological variation 3.29–30 bleomycin oral haemangiomas 110.15 bias 5.8, 5.13 selection 3.2 cutaneous sclerosis induction 96.43 blue toe syndrome 101.15–16 language 17.8 skin surface 4.22 drug eruption 31.17–18 blueberry muffin baby 116.20, 148.5 publication 17.8, 17.11 snap freezing 3.12–13 flagellate hyperpigmentation blushing 106.1–3, 106.4–7, 106.8–10 Bible, the 1.2 snip 3.3 induction 120.8, 120.9 clinical presentation 106.3, 106.4–7, Biett, Laurent 1.5 surgical planning 20.14–15 HPV infections 18.13 106.8 bilharziasis see schistosomiasis techniques 3.2, 3.3–4, 20.12–14 intralesional therapy 20.44 complications 106.9 biliary tract disease 152.5 transport media 3.5 warts 25.54 epidemiology 106.1, 106.2 bilirubin 88.50 type 3.2 topical 18.26 investigations 106.8 biliverdin 88.50 ultrastructural studies 3.5 blepharitis management 106.8–9, 106.10 bimatoprost 18.34 bioterrorism, anthrax 26.44 acute 109.13 pathophysiology 106.2–3 hypertrichosis 89.63 biotin deficiency 63.22–3 chronic 109.12 physiology 106.1 biocides acrodermatitis enteropathica differential clinical features 109.13 prognosis 106.9–10 formaldehyde-releasing 128.34–5 diagnosis 63.26 differential diagnosis 109.13 psychosocial aspects 106.3 isothiazolinones 128.35–7 biotin metabolism disorders 81.17 investigations 109.14 bocaparvovirus 25.67

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body art 110.65 botulinum toxin A injection perianal 113.16–17, 142.19 brittle bone disease see osteogenesis piercing 110.65 adverse events 158.8 photodynamic therapy 22.5, 22.6, 22.8, imperfecta see also tattoos aesthetic uses 158.1–9 22.9 brittle cornea syndrome 72.7 body contouring 160.11–12 brow elevation 158.5 pigmented 142.19 brodalumab, plaque psoriasis body dysmorphic disorder 86.10–13 clinical applications 158.3–7 pre-malignant neoplasm of ear 108.23 treatment 35.31 acne vulgaris association 90.23–4 history 158.2 prognosis 142.19 bromhidrosis 94.15–16 assessment 86.11 contraindications 158.8 progression prevention 146.15 bromides, acne association 90.12 clinical features 86.12 crow’s feet 158.5, 158.6 radiotherapy 24.13 bromidrosiphobia 86.8 epidemiology 86.11 developments 158.9 squamous cell carcinoma association 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol investigations 86.12 early research 158.1–2 142.26 (bronopol) 128.35 management 86.12–13, 86.39 facial muscles 158.3, 158.7 topical 5-fluorouracil 18.26 116.14 pathophysiology 86.11 forehead 158.4–5 transplant recipients 25.63 bromodomains, systemic sclerosis 56.12 body mass index (BMI), acne glabella 158.4 variants 142.18, 142.19 bronze baby syndrome 88.49–50 vulgaris 90.13, 90.15–16, 90.16 historical aspects 158.1–2 vulval intraepithelial neoplasia 112.32–4 Brooke–Spiegler syndrome 138.9–10 body odour, olfactory reference hyperhidrosis treatment 94.9, 94.12 113.17, 142.18, 142.21 spiradenoma 138.31 syndrome differential lateral periocular lines 158.5, 158.6 Bowen disease differential brown adipose tissue 74.1, 99.1, 99.3 diagnosis 86.9 lower face 158.6–7 diagnosis 142.19 adipocyte mitochondria 99.3 body temperature, core 125.1 mentalis muscle 158.6, 158.7 human papillomavirus 31.24 Brucella 26.58–9 body washing, compulsive 86.20 mid face 158.5–6 penile 111.27–8 26.58–9 see furuncle neck muscles 158.7 vulval intraepithelial neoplasia 112.32–4 contact 26.59 Bolivian haemorrhagic fever 25.71 orbicularis oris muscle 158.6, 158.7 BP180 autoantibody 50.12, 50.15, 50.34 hyperhidrosis 94.5 Bombus 34.14 pharmacology 158.2–3 83.13 Brugia malayi 33.7, 105.42, 105.44 bone upper face 158.3–4 Braden scale for pressure ulcers 124.5 Brugia timori 33.7, 105.42, 105.44 glucocorticoid adverse effects 19.19, botulinum toxin B 158.2–3 Bradford–Hill criteria of causality 5.8 bruising see ecchymosis 19.20 botulism, wound from injecting drug bradykinin formation/breakdown 43.3 Brunsting–Perry pemphigoid 50.45, metabolic defect in NF1 80.3 abuse 121.4 BRAF inhibitors 143.32–3, 143.34 50.49–51 systemic lupus erythematosus Bouchard nodes 154.8 BRAF mutated melanoma 143.31–3, 143.34 mucous membrane pemphigoid effects 51.28 Bourneville disease see tuberous sclerosis BRAF–MEK inhibitor combination differential diagnosis 50.24 bone marrow complex therapy, melanoma 143.33 Bryant’s sign 152.6 failure in 69.14, 34.38 brain surgery, medical trauma hair Bryozoa 131.3 69.15, 77.4 bovine collagen fillers 157.6 loss 89.45 B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) 105.3, mastocytosis 46.3, 46.4 bowel disease, dermatosis brain–skin axis 149.8 105.6 bone marrow transplantation association 114.7–8, 114.9, 114.10 branchial arch/branchial cleft syndrome bubble hair 89.60, 89.61 Chédiak–Higashi syndrome 70.9 bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis microtia 108.4 bubo 30.18, 30.19 Griscelli–Pruniéras syndrome 70.9 syndrome (BADAS) 49.12–14, 99.50, peri-auricular anomalies 108.5 30.21, 30.22 oral lesions 110.55 152.3–4 syndromic cleft lip/palate 110.23 26.58 oral ulceration 110.40 clinical features 49.13 branchio-otic syndrome 117.12 Bubostomum phlebotomum 33.18 permanent alopecia 89.49 definition 49.12 branchio-oto-renal syndrome 108.3, 108.4 buccal fat-pad herniation 110.59 wound healing 10.11 differential diagnosis 49.13 periauricular cysts/sinuses 117.12 buccal mucosa 110.6 bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) 2.3 epidemiology 49.12 Brazilian haemorrhagic fever 25.71 Buddhism, early 1.2 hair follicle stem cell activity investigations 49.13 breast Buerger disease see thromboangiitis regulation 89.8 management 49.13–14 abscess 116.24 obliterans inhibitory factors 2.4 pathergy 49.13 masses in traumatic panniculitis 99.51 buffalo hump 31.20 signalling 2.4 pyoderma gangrenosum differential sebaceous glands of areola 93.12 HIV-associated lipodystrophy 100.7 Book syndrome, premature hair diagnosis 49.4 swollen 105.23–4 buffalopox 25.9 greying 89.70 Bowen disease 124.25, 142.16–23, 142.24 breast cancer bugs 34.23–5, 34.26, 34.27–8 Bordeaux mixture 110.56 actinic keratosis differential carcinoma en cuirasse 147.2, 147.3 Anthocoridae 34.28 borderline personality disorder, dermatitis diagnosis 142.3, 142.4–5, 142.5 carcinoma erysipeloides 105.51, 147.2, Belostomatidae 34.28 artefacta 86.27 anal intraepithelial neoplasia 113.15 147.3 Cimicidae 34.24–5, 34.26, 34.27 26.68–71 anogenital 142.18, 142.19 Cowden syndrome association 80.14 classification 34.23–4 morphoea association 57.9 associated diseases 142.17 cutaneous sarcoidosis differential Pentatomidae 34.28 tick vector 34.35 basal cell carcinoma differential diagnosis 98.13 Reduviidae 34.27–8 Borrelia afzelii 96.13 diagnosis 141.11 inflammatory 105.23 bulimia 86.20–1, 89.63 26.69–71 benign lichenoid keratosis differential metastases 147.2, 147.3 bullae 3.34–5 acrodermatitis chronica diagnosis 133.7 post-irradiation angiosarcoma 137.36 blistering distal dactylitis 26.34 atrophicans 96.13 clinical features 142.18–19, 142.20 subcutaneous sarcoidosis differential diabetic 64.7, 87.28, 87.29 atrophoderma of Pasini–Pierini 96.15, immunocompromised diagnosis 98.12 neonatal differential diagnosis 116.23 96.16 patients 146.10–11 telangiectatic metastatic systemic lupus erythematosus 51.26 infectious panniculitis 99.44 carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 carcinoma 147.2 bullous cicatricial pemphigoid 50.10 lichen sclerosus 26.70 complications/co-morbidities 142.19 breast cancer-related bullous congenital ichthyosiform lymphocytoma cutis 135.8, 135.9, Crohn disease association 112.22 lymphoedema 105.12–14, 105.19, erythroderma 71.23 135.10 definition 142.16 105.22, 105.23–4 bullous dermatosis of childhood, morphoea 26.70 differential diagnosis 14.20, 142.19, psychosocial impact 105.53 chronic 117.10–11 primary cutaneous marginal zone 142.20 breast lymphoedema 105.23–4 oral ulceration 110.42 lymphoma 140.38, 140.39 disease course 142.19 breast reconstruction 105.49 bullous diseases 26.68–9, 34.21 disseminated superficial actinic breast reconstruction, arthropod bites/stings 34.4 bosentan, Raynaud phenomenon porokeratosis differential lymphoedema 105.49 autoimmune, erythema multiforme treatment 125.10 diagnosis 142.16 breast surgery, Mondor disease 103.33, differential diagnosis 47.6 botflies 34.10 epidemiology 142.17 103.34 cytodiagnosis 3.25–6 botryomycosis 26.72–3 extramammary Paget disease differential breastfeeding diagnosis 3.11 HIV infection 31.20 diagnosis 138.43 atopic eczema prevention 41.7, 41.25, digestive system 152.6 botulinum toxin genital HPV association 25.59 41.32 electron microscopy 3.26 acquired resistance 158.8 human papillomavirus 31.24 azathioprine for SLE treatment 51.30 HSV infection 25.16 aesthetic uses 158.1–9 immunocompromised patients 146.10–11 scabies management 34.44 immunofluorescence studies 3.17–18 antiageing products 156.4 investigations 142.19 zinc deficiency 63.25–6 infants 117.7–8 characteristics 158.3 lupus vulgaris differential breathing exercises, lymphoedema 105.57 internal malignancy combination treatment 158.8 diagnosis 27.24 BRESEK syndrome 65.23 association 147.21–2 early research 158.1–2 malignant transformation risk 142.23 BRESHECK syndrome 65.23, 68.15 renal failure 153.4 gustatory sweating 85.16 management 142.19, 142.21–3, 142.24 Brevibacterium 26.4 skin picking disorder differential historical aspects 158.1–2 algorithm 142.23 brilliant green 18.33 diagnosis 86.15 manufacture 158.3 Paget disease of the nipple differential Brill–Zinsser disease 26.77 vulval 112.18–20 ocular side effects 109.46 diagnosis 138.42 brimonidine 18.34, 91.13 bullous 2.19, 26.13, 26.14, 26.15, potency 158.3 pagetoid 112.32 British Association of Dermatologists: 117.7 rosacea treatment 91.14 pathophysiology 142.17–18 Dermatological Diagnostic Index blistering distal dactylitis differential topical application 158.9 penile 111.27–8 System 4.2 diagnosis 26.34

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 12 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 13

chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood epidemiology 50.47 Bury disease 102.8 clinical features 61.2 differential diagnosis 117.10 investigations 50.48 Buschke–Löwenstein tumour 111.32, 113.19 definition 61.1 cytodiagnosis 3.26 management 50.48, 50.49 Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome 96.40 epidemiology 61.1 epidermolysis bullosa differential nomenclature 50.46 congenital elastoma 75.18 investigations 61.2 diagnosis 71.23 pathophysiology 50.47 papular elastorrhexis differential management 61.2 HIV infection 31.20 prognosis 50.48 diagnosis 96.30 nomenclature 61.1 linear IgA disease differential bullying 11.2 pseudoxanthoma elasticum differential pathophysiology 61.1 diagnosis 50.36 bumblebees 34.14 diagnosis 72.30 treatment ladder 61.2 neonatal 116.23 Bunyamwera virus 25.72 busulphan ectopic disorders 72.26–32 bullous lichen planus 37.9–10, 37.14, 37.18 bunyavirus infections 25.69, 25.72 alopecia induction 120.5 familial tumoral calcinosis 81.19–20 bullous lichen planus pemphigoides 50.10 burden of skin disease 5.5–8 hyperpigmentation 88.26 idiopathic of skin and subcutaneous bullous pemphigoid 50.10–18, 50.19, economic 6.1, 6.5–9 oral hyperpigmentation 110.66 tissues 61.4–5 50.20–2, 50.23 Bureau–Barrière syndrome 65.64 butenafine 18.11 metastatic 61.5–6, 145.21 acute epidermal distention differential Burkholderia 26.52–4 butterflies 34.30–2 malignancy association 147.22 diagnosis 87.28 Burkholderia mallei 26.52, 26.53–4 clinical features of reactions 34.31–2 sarcoid 99.51 anti-p200 pemphigoid differential Burkholderia pseudomallei 26.52–3 epidemiology of reactions 34.30–1 calcified cutaneous nodules of the diagnosis 50.39 Burkitt lymphoma 25.34 pathophysiology of reactions 34.31 heels 117.14 autoantibodies 50.12 burning feet syndrome 85.16–17 butyl nitrite, drug eruptions 31.18 calcifying aponeurotic fibroma 137.7–8 screening 50.15 burning mouth syndrome 84.1–3, 128.18 Bwamba fever virus 25.72 calcifying chondrodysplasia 96.14 serum 50.13–14 causes 110.63 calcifying fibrous tumour/ specificity 50.10 clinical features 84.2, 110.63–4 C pseudotumour 137.7 tissue-bound 50.13 differential diagnosis 84.2 C chemokines 8.36, 8.37 calcifying lupus panniculitis, subacute autoimmune disorder association 50.11 epidemiology 84.1–2, 110.63 C fibres 85.1, 85.2 cutaneous lupus erythematosus blister formation 50.11 investigations 84.2, 110.64 eccrine glands 94.3 association 51.12 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus management 84.2, 84.3, 110.64 erythromelalgia 103.7 calcifying nodule, pinna 108.12, 108.14 differential diagnosis 50.48 oral soreness 110.63–4 C1-esterase inhibitor (C1INH) 8.41 calcineurin inhibitors, topical 18.19–21 cellular immune response 50.12 pathophysiology 84.2, 110.63 hereditary angio-oedema atopic eczema treatment 41.31 chemokines 50.12 primary 110.63 treatment 43.5–6, 110.9 drug eruption treatment 118.3 childhood 50.18, 50.20 secondary 110.63 C1-esterase inhibitor (C1INH) hand eczema treatment 39.17 clinical features 50.10, 50.16–18, 50.19, treatment ladder 84.3 deficiency 43.1, 43.2 plaque psoriasis treatment 35.25 50.20 burns 126.1–11 acquired 43.6 61.4–5, 61.6 collagen type XVII 2.29 bioengineered products 126.6–7 disease course/prognosis 43.4 dermatomyositis association 53.8, complement deposition 3.18 biological membranes 126.6 epidemiology 43.2 53.12 complications/co-morbidities 50.18, 50.20 biosynthetic membranes 126.5–6 investigations 43.5 dystrophic cytodiagnosis 3.26 cause of death 126.1 management 43.5, 43.6 lupus panniculitis association 51.25 cytokines 50.12 chemical 129.11–13, 159.11 oral 110.59 subacute cutaneous lupus definition 50.10 oral cavity 110.73 pathophysiology 43.3–4 erythematosus association 51.12 dermal–epidermal basement membrane children 126.3 replacement therapy 19.34–5 familial tumoral calcinosis 81.19–20 changes 2.22 depth 126.2, 126.3 see also hereditary angio-oedema (HAE) malignancy association 147.23 diagnostic pathway 50.21 evaluation 126.5–7 C1q deficiency 82.18 miliary 61.4, 61.5, 61.6 differential diagnosis 50.18, 50.21 dermal 126.5 C2 deficiency 82.18 sarcoidosis association 98.14 disease course 50.20 dermal substitutes 126.6–7 C3 deficiency 82.17, 82.18 systemic sclerosis 56.4, 56.13 epidemiology 50.10–11 escharotomy 126.7 cabergoline, restless legs syndrome see also scrotal calcinosis epidermolysis bullosa acquisita full-thickness 126.6–7 management 85.17 calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, differential diagnosis 50.43, 50.45 hypermetabolism 126.9–11 cacosmia 86.8 oesophageal dysfunction, genetics 50.15–16 infections CACP (camptodactyly, arthropathy, and telangiectasia histopathology 50.13 central line-associated 126.8 coxa vara and pericarditis) (CREST) syndrome 56.1, 61.2 immunoglobulins 3.18 control 126.7–9 syndrome 96.37, 96.38 calcinosis, scrotal 61.4, 61.5. 111.26 immunostaining 110.46 inhalation injuries 126.5 cadherins 2.19 calciphylaxis 61.6–9, 99.31–3, 145.21 investigations 50.20 systemic 126.8 desmosomal 2.18 associated disorders 99.33 linear IgA disease differential topical 126.8 caeruloplasmin 81.19 clinical features 61.7–8, 61.8 diagnosis 50.36 inhalation injury 126.1, 126.4–5 café-au-lait macules 80.1, 132.2, 148.12 cutaneous 101.24–5 localized 50.17–18, 50.19 initial assessment 126.1, 126.2–4 laser treatment 23.13, 160.5 definition 61.6, 99.31 malignancy association 147.21–2 management 126.1, 126.5–7, 126.10–11 McCune–Albright syndrome 80.4, 80.5 diabetes association 64.7 management 50.20–2, 50.23, 50.24 skin grafting 10.12 NF1 80.1, 80.3, 80.4 differential diagnosis 61.7, 61.8, 99.33 mucous membrane pemphigoid nutrition in hypermetabolic response and pulmonary stenosis 80.5, 80.7 epidemiology 61.6–7 differential diagnosis 50.24 management 126.10 speckled lentiginous naevi differential genital ulceration 111.18 papular 50.17 oral cavity 110.73 diagnosis 132.17 investigations 61.8, 99.32–3 pathogenic mechanisms 50.12–13 overresuscitation 126.4 caffeine 18.34, 156.10, 156.11 management 61.8–9 pathophysiology 50.11–16 partial-thickness 126.5–6, 126.7 CAGI1 gene mutations 72.27 nomenclature 61.6 predisposing factors 50.13 pharmacological therapies 126.10–11 Calabar swelling 33.10 pathophysiology 61.7, 99.31–2 prognosis 50.20 126.10 calamine lotion, milaria treatment 94.13 renal disease 153.2, 153.3 prurigo nodularis 83.18–19 pre-hospital care 126.1, 126.2 calamine powder 18.8 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.25 prurigo-like 50.17 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 26.52 calcaneal petechiae 101.6–7 calcipotriol 18.25–6 radiodermatitis differential resuscitation 126.1, 126.2–4 calcific uraemic arteriolopathy 99.31–3, structure 18.24 diagnosis 120.13 resuscitation formula 126.3–4 101.24–5 topical corticosteroid formulations refractory 50.22 second-degree 126.5 definition 99.31 18.18–19 renal disease 153.6 sepsis 126.9 differential diagnosis 99.33 calcitonin gene-related peptide severity classification 50.18 Acinetobacter 26.50 investigations 99.32–3 (CGRP) 85.2, 85.3 stoma complication 114.5–6, 114.7 shock 126.2–3 pathophysiology 99.31–2 atopic eczema 8.50, 8.51 treatment guidelines 50.22 size 126.1, 126.2, 126.3 see also calciphylaxis calcitriol 18.25 variants 50.17–18 skin grafting 10.12 calcification 61.1–10 plaque psoriasis 35.23 vulval, clinical features 112.19 stem cell use 126.7 acne scarring 90.35 structure 18.24 bullous pemphigoid (BP) antigen 50.3, surgical management 126.7 dystrophic calcium channel blockers 71.9 synthetic membranes 126.5–6 ghost adipocytes 99.40 anal fissure management 113.29 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus thermal injury complications 126.1 malignancy association 147.22 lower limb oedema 105.8 50.46–8, 50.49 topical dressing 126.7 secondary to trauma/injection/ phototoxicity 127.28 autoantibodies 50.48, 50.49 underresuscitation 126.4 infusion of calcium-containing Raynaud phenomenon treatment specificity 50.10 ventilator-associated pneumonia 126.8 materials 61.3 125.9–10 clinical features 50.47–8 wound excision and closure 126.10 secondary to tumours/genetic calcium hydroxylapatite fillers 157.5–6 clinical signs 50.10 Burow’s solution 18.9 disease 61.3–4 calcium pump disorders 71.24 definition 50.46 Burton’s lead line 122.5 traumatic panniculitis 99.52 calcium-channel deficiencies 82.8 diagnosis 50.47, 50.48 27.36, 27.37–9 dystrophic secondary to inflammatory calf muscle pump 103.28, 103.37 differential diagnosis 50.48 genital 111.24 disease/infections 61.1–3 ambulatory venous pressure 39.19 disease course 50.48 giant water bug carrier 34.28 causative organisms 61.1 Calliphoridae 34.9–10

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callosities 123.6–8 Candida krusei 32.59, 32.60 perianal 32.65 pigmentation 88.20 clinical features 123.7–8 fluconazole resistance 32.61 perineal of infancy 32.65–6 scleroderma-like skin changes 147.21 definition 123.6 HIV infection 110.70 pseudomembranous disease 31.26 carcinoid tumour 145.19 epidemiology 123.6–7 Candida parapsilosis, HIV infection 110.70 scrotal 32.65 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.11 fingers 123.11–12 Candida tropicalis 32.59 systemic 32.94 carcinoma en cuirasse 147.2, 147.3 hereditary 123.7 HIV infection 110.70 therapeutic agents 31.26, 32.61 carcinoma erysipeloides 105.23, 105.51, management 123.8 thrush 110.73 147.2, 147.3 musical instruments 123.11 acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau differential diagnosis 32.46 perineal 113.20 pathophysiology 123.7 differential diagnosis 35.42 vaginal 31.26 carcinoma in situ 142.16–26 123.6–8 chronic mucocutaneous 82.17, 116.23 vulvo-vaginal 32.64–5 ano-genital psoriasis differential clinical features 123.7–8 congenital 116.27 CANDLE (chronic atypical neutrophilic diagnosis 111.9 definition 123.6 neonatal 116.27 dermatosis with lipodystrophy penis 111.27–8 epidemiology 123.6–7 perineum/perianal region 113.11 and elevated temperature) vulval intraepithelial neoplasia 112.32–4 management 123.8 psoriasis differential diagnosis 35.19 syndrome 45.4, 45.8, 74.9 see also Bowen disease pathophysiology 123.7 severe combined canicola fever 26.71 carcinoma simplex, vulval intraepithelial sports injuries 123.16 immunodeficiency 82.7 cannabis 121.1–2 neoplasia 112.32–4 calponin 3.21 vulvo-vaginal 112.25–6 Cannon disease see white sponge naevus CARD14 gene mutations 36.2, 36.6 Calymmatobacterium granulomatis 26.66, candidosis 32.56–70 canthus, inner, radiotherapy for skin CARD14-mediated pustular psoriasis 30.23, 30.24 acute erythematous 32.62 cancer 24.10 (CAMPS) 45.11 HIV infection 31.22 acute pseudomembranous 32.62 Cantu syndrome 68.2, 68.11 CARD15 gene mutations 45.7 Camisa syndrome 65.49 angular cheilitis 32.63, 110.80 capecitabine, skin cancer treatment cardiac disorders 150.1–6 collodion baby 116.19 aphthous ulceration 110.40 in immunocompromised dermatoses with skin features 150.4–6 Campbell de Morgan spots 103.12–13 balanitis 32.65 patients 146.16 hereditary syndromes 150.1, 150.2, male genital 111.6 chronic capillaries 2.42 150.3–4 camphor 18.34 erythematous 32.62 88.49, 101.8 infections 150.5 camptodactyly 96.37–8 nodular 32.63 capillaroscopy, proximal nail fold 95.50–3 inflammatory disorders 150.4–5 camptodactyly, arthropathy, coxa oral 110.73–4 capillary aneurysm–venous lakes 103.8 sarcoidosis 98.6 vara and pericarditis (CACP) plaque-like 32.63 capillary disorders 73.1–7 skin signs 150.1 syndrome 96.37, 96.38 pseudomembranous 32.62 capillary haemangioma systemic diseases with skin camptodactyly, tall stature and hearing chronic mucocutaneous 32.58, 32.61, lobular 137.26–8 features 150.4–6 loss (CATSHL) syndrome 96.37, 32.68–70 progressive 137.25 tuberous sclerosis complex 80.12 96.38 APECED syndrome 148.17, 148.18 see also infantile haemangiomas; cardiac embolus 101.16–17 canakinumab 19.32 autosomal recessive/dominant 32.68 pyogenic granuloma cardiac pacemakers, skin Canale–Smith syndrome 74.9 classification 32.68 capillary malformation–arteriovenous problems 150.6 cancer 86.20 clinical features 32.69 malformation 73.3–4, 80.8, 80.9 Cardiff Acne Disability Index (CADI) 16.6 drug induced 154.15 definition 32.68 arteriovenous malformations 73.7 cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome 80.8, phobias 86.20 endocrinopathy associated 32.68 capillary malformations 73.1–2 80.9, 150.3 see also malignancy; metastases; named hypothyroidism association 32.58, in localized overgrowth cardiomyopathy tumours, diseases and conditions; skin 32.68, 32.69 syndromes 73.5–6 dermatomyositis 53.10 cancer idiopathic 32.68 phakomatosis iron deficiency association 63.24 cancer-associated 147.24 immunodeficiency association pigmentovascularis 75.22–3 selenium deficiency 63.29 cancer-related lymphoedema 105.22–3 148.14–15 progressive patchy 73.4 cardiovascular disease abdominal wall lymphoedema immunological abnormalities 32.69 Sturge–Weber syndrome 73.2–3 dermatomyositis 53.10 105.21 investigations 32.69 see also port-wine stains DRESS association 119.9 genital lymphoedema 105.18 late-onset 32.68–9 capillary naevi, neonatal lupus erythematosus 51.37, see also breast cancer-related management 32.61, 32.69–70 differential diagnosis 125.8 51.38–9 lymphoedema oral lesions 110.17 Capnocytophaga canimorsus 26.63–4, 131.5 oral manifestations 110.90 cancrum oris 116.26 pathophysiology 32.68–9 capsaicin 8.52–3, 18.34–5, 85.2 pseudoxanthoma elasticum 72.28–9 infective cheilitis 110.87 congenital 32.67 carbamazepine, hypersensitivity psoriasis association 35.21 Candida 32.56 cutaneous 32.69 reactions 12.5–6, 119.6, 119.7 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.28, acute generalized exanthematous definition 32.56 carbaryl 18.13 51.32 pustulosis differential endocrine factors 32.58 carbidopa, cutaneous sclerosis UVR role 9.9 diagnosis 119.4 first line treatment 32.61 induction 96.43 Williams–Beuren syndrome 72.15 adherence 32.57 genital mucous membranes 32.64–6, carbon dioxide laser caring attitudes 15.2 allergy 32.67–8 111.23 basal cell carcinoma treatment 141.16 carmustine, topical 140.23 antigen test 4.24 histology 32.60 hair removal 23.17–18, 23.19 Carney complex 74.5, 132.3, 147.10–11, chronic 95.37 HIV infection incisional surgery 23.17–18 150.4 classification 32.56 association 31.26, 32.59, 32.61, NF1 treatment 80.4 diagnostic criteria 147.11 cutaneous infection in infants 117.8 110.70–1 photothermal ablation 23.16–17 lentigines 132.5, 147.17 diabetic infections 64.3 children 31.35 port-wine stains 23.9 malignancy association 147.11 diagnosis 32.9 infants 116.23 skin resurfacing 160.6–8 oral mucosa 110.12 ecology 32.56–7 management 32.61 tuberous sclerosis complex carnosine 156.6–7, 156.11 genetic typing methods 32.57 oral 31.33, 31.35, 110.70–1, 110.73 treatment 80.12 carotenaemia 63.8–9, 88.50–1 hyphae 32.57 host factors 32.58 carbon monoxide toxicity, inhalation injury β-carotene 63.8 identification 32.59–60 immunological factors 32.58–9 with burns 126.4, 126.5 polymorphic light eruption mycelium formation 32.58 32.63–4, 32.69 carboxylase deficiency, hereditary management 127.8 onychomycosis 31.32 management 18.12, 32.61 multiple 63.23 carotenoderma see carotenaemia otomycosis 32.17, 32.18 median rhomboid glossitis 32.63, 110.71 carboxypeptidase 8.21 carotenoids 70.1 papillary hyperplasia 110.61 nail area 32.66–7, 32.69 carbuncle 26.25–6 skin colour 88.1, 88.2 primary immunodeficiency 82.2 nodular/granulomatous of the napkin carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) 3.20 carpal tunnel syndrome, stoma infection 114.3, 114.4 area 32.66 carcinogenesis pachydermodactyly syndrome 32.68 oesophageal 31.26 azathioprine 19.9 association 96.36 virulence 32.57 onychomycosis 32.61, 32.67 field 146.10 carpet beetle 34.30 95.14 oral 32.60, 110.68–71, 110.73–4 infrared radiation-induced 125.11 Carpoglyphidae 34.48 Candida albicans 32.56–7 acute 110.69 oxygen-dependent cytotoxicity 8.44 carrier peptides 156.5, 156.10 annular erythema of infancy 47.6 children with HIV 31.35 photocarcinogenesis 127.29 cartilage hair hypoplasia 82.12 cutaneous carriage 32.57 denture-related stomatitis 110.69–70 radiation 24.3, 24.6, 24.7 basal cell carcinoma 141.5 HIV infection 31.26, 110.70 diagnosis 110.74 reduced immune surveillance 146.5–6 Carvajal–Huerta syndrome 65.50, 65.56 identification 32.59–60 HIV-associated 31.33, 31.35, 110.70–1, UV radiation 9.9–10 woolly hair 89.57 production 32.58 110.73 UVB phototherapy 21.12 differential diagnosis 68.20 oral carriage 32.56–7 iron deficiency anaemia 148.16 viral infections 25.4 carvernoma 73.9–11 vaginal carriage 32.57 management 110.74 carcinoid syndrome 88.19 case–control studies about adverse Candida glabrata 32.60 oral mucosa 32.61–3, 110.9, 110.73 flushing 88.20, 106.3, 106.8, 147.24, events 17.17 fluconazole resistance 32.61 paronychia 32.66–7, 32.69 147.25 caspases 8.53, 8.54 HIV infection 110.70 pathophysiology 32.57–9 niacin deficiency association 63.16 Castellani’s paint 18.33

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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Castleman disease CD40 ligand 82.10 recurrent 105.10–12 definition 30.20 paraneoplastic pemphigus association CD44 8.5 sclerosing panniculitis differential epidemiology 30.20 50.6 CD45 3.24 diagnosis 99.29 investigations 30.22 see also multicentric Castleman disease CD56 3.24 staphylococcal genital 111.21 management 30.22–3 castor oil 18.6 CD68 3.23 stoma infection 114.3, 114.4 nomenclature 30.20 cat bites 131.5–6 CD80 8.28 tongue 26.18 pathophysiology 30.20–1 cat 117.11 CD86 8.28 toxic shock syndrome association 26.30 perineum/perianal region 113.12–13 cat scratch disease 26.60–1, 31.21, 34.12 CD99 8.12 vulval 112.24 treatment ladder 30.23 anthrax differential diagnosis 26.44 CD123 3.24 see also ; lipodermatosclerosis CHAND syndrome 67.16 cataract 109.22 CD151 71.5–6 centipedes 34.54 tricho-dento-osseous syndrome atopic eczema association 41.23 CD163 3.23 central nervous system (CNS), DRESS differential diagnosis 67.19 polar bear rug 109.20–1, 109.22 CDAGS (craniostenosis, delayed closure involvement 119.9 chapping of lips 110.82 PUVA side effects 21.14 of the fontanelles, cranial defects centrifugal lipodystrophy (CLD) 100.11–12 Charcot joints 29.19, 29.20 catastrophic antiphospholipid or deafness, anal anomalies, centrofacial syndrome 110.12 Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease see peroneal syndrome 51.24, 52.2 genitourinary anomalies and skin Cephalopoda 131.4 muscular atrophy catecholamines 8.52 eruption) syndrome 87.21 cephalosporins 19.42 CHARGE (coloboma, heart defects, atresia β-catenin gene mutations 138.14 CDKN2A gene mutations 143.4, 143.6, ceramide A 8.4 of the nasal choanae, retardation caterpillar dermatitis 34.30 147.7 ceramide B 8.4 of growth/development, genital/ cathelicidins 2.12, 2.43, 8.13, 8.14, 26.5 CEACAM1 8.12 ceramide synthase 3 65.10 urinary abnormalities and ear cathepsin B 8.41 CECR1 gene mutations 102.30 Ceratophyllidae 34.12 abnormalities and deafness) cathepsin C 8.41, 65.61 CEDNIK (cerebral dysgenesis– Ceratopogonidae 34.7, 34.8 syndrome 82.8, 108.3 cathepsin D 8.22, 8.41 neuropathy–ichthyosis– cercarial dermatitis 33.24, 33.27–8 Chédiak–Higashi syndrome 2.17, 70.2, cathepsin G 8.21, 8.22 ) 65.27, cerebellar ataxia, Refsum disease 65.29 70.8–9, 82.13–14, 147.13, 148.15, cathepsin K 57.11 65.28 cerebral cavernous malformation 73.4–5 148.17 cathepsin S 40.2 celiprolol 72.8 cerebral dysgenesis–neuropathy– clinical features 147.13 catheter-related infections (CRI), cell adhesion, keratinocytes 8.5–6 ichthyosis–palmoplantar genetics 147.13 burns 126.8 cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) 8.7, 8.8, keratoderma (CEDNIK) 65.27, 65.28 neoplasia incidence 147.13 CATSHL (camptodactyly, tall stature and 8.11–12 cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome 78.8 neutrophil defects 8.18 hearing loss) syndrome 96.37, 96.38 cell death see apoptosis; necrosis Cockayne syndrome differential differential cauda equina 85.9 cell therapy 14.1 diagnosis 78.9 diagnosis 70.7 cauliflower ear 108.6, 108.7 cell–cell adhesion in /dermis xeroderma pigmentosum differential primary immunodeficiency 82.2 causalgia 85.13 during inflammation 8.9–13 diagnosis 78.6 cheek causation 5.8–9, 5.13 cellist’s chest 123.12 cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis 62.10 biting 110.74 caustics 20.43–4 cell-mediated immune response 25.4 tendon 62.3 see also buccal mucosa wart treatment 25.52 cellular angiofibroma 137.9–10 certolizumab, psoriatic arthritis cheilitis 110.82–8 cavernous angioma 73.9–11, 103.21–3 cellular neurothekeoma 137.50–1 treatment 19.29, 35.46 allergic contact 128.15 cavernous haemangiomas see infantile cellular retinoic acid binding proteins cerumen 108.2–3 causes 110.82 haemangiomas (CRABP) 18.21 ceruminous gland tumours 108.22–3 clarinettist’s 123.11, 123.12 CC chemokines 8.36, 8.37, 8.38 cellular retinol binding proteins cervical arthritis 108.28 clinical features 110.83 CCBE1 gene mutations 73.19 (CRBP) 18.21 cervical carcinoma contact 110.82–3 CCL18 8.38 cellulite 100.23–5 human papillomavirus 25.45 diagnosis 110.83 CCL27 8.38 cellulitis 26.10, 26.17–21 invasive 25.58–9 drug-induced 110.83–4 CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3 gene abdominal wall lymphoedema cervical intraepithelial neoplasia eczematous 110.84 mutations 73.4 cause 105.21 (CIN) 25.58–9 exfoliative 110.84 CCR1 8.39 Aeromonas-induced 26.63 cervical lymph nodes 110.4–5 factitious 86.25–6, 110.84 CCR2 8.39 allergic contact dermatitis differential cervical lymphadenitis, flavouring agents 128.26 CCR3 8.39 diagnosis 128.62 scrofulaceum 27.41 foreign body 110.85 CCR4 8.39 ano-genital 26.33–4, 111.21, 113.10 cervical spine disease, scalp glandular 110.85 CCR5 8.39–40, 31.3 differential diagnosis 113.11 dysaesthesia 107.14 infective 110.87 CCR5 co-receptor antagonists 31.10 associated diseases 26.18 cervicitis, gonococcal 30.3, 30.4 irritant contact dermatitis 129.5 CCR5 gene 31.8 bullous 26.19, 26.20 cestode infections 33.29–33 lip-lick 41.24, 41.29 CCR6 8.40 causative organisms 26.18–19, 26.63 cetearyl alcohol 128.40 lipsticks/lipsalves 110.82, 110.83, CCR7 8.40 clinical features 26.19–20, 105.11–12 cetomacrogols 18.7 128.32 CCR8 8.40 clostridial 26.74 cetrimide 18.9 management 110.83 CCR9 8.40 cutaneous vasculitis differential CFTR gene mutations 94.4 nail varnish 128.16 CCR10 8.40 diagnosis 102.4 carriers, transient aquagenic nickel 128.16 CCR11 8.40 definition 26.17–18 keratoderma differential plasma cell 110.87–8 CD nomenclature 3.24 differential diagnosis 26.20 diagnosis 65.55 retinoid 90.46, 90.48 CD1a 3.23 dissecting of scalp 90.31, 92.2, 107.8–9 chloride transport 94.4 systemic lupus erythematosus CD2 3.24 epidemiology 26.18 CGCX gene mutations 72.27 association 51.27 CD3 3.24, 8.30 gangrenous 26.74 Chagas disease see trypanosomiasis see also actinic cheilitis; angular cheilitis; CD4 8.30 glanders 26.53 chalazion 109.15 granulomatous cheilitis CD4 receptor 31.3 HIV infection 31.20 eyelid 109.48 cheiroarthropathy, diabetes CD4+ T cells 3.24, 8.27, 8.31 ingrowing toenail 95.21 Merkel cell carcinoma differential association 64.6 drug hypersensitivity reactions 12.3 investigations 26.20–1, 105.12 diagnosis 109.50–1 chemical burns 129.11–13 oral candidosis in AIDS patients 32.59 lipodermatosclerosis differential carcinoma of eyelid acids 129.12 CD4 T-helper cells 31.5 diagnosis 105.10 differential diagnosis 109.50–1, acronecrosis 95.47 CD5 3.24 Lyme disease differential 138.18 alkalis 129.12 CD7 3.24 diagnosis 26.70 chamomile ano-genital 111.11 CD8 8.30 lymphoedema anti-inflammatory products 156.9–10, clinical features 129.12 CD8+ T cells 3.24, 8.27 association 105.11–12 156.11 definition 129.12 drug hypersensitivity reactions 12.3 complication 105.13, 105.52 products 156.11 epidemiology 129.11–12 HIV infection 31.5 genital 105.18 antioxidant properties 156.9–10 management 129.12–13 lichen planus 37.2 obesity-related 105.20 hair dye 89.73 occupational 129.12 CD10 3.22–3, 3.24–5 management 26.21, 105.12, 105.14 Chanarin–Dorfman see neutral lipid oral cavity 110.73 CD20 3.24, 19.33 necrotizing 26.74 storage disease with ichthyosis selenium toxicity 122.6 CD23 8.57, 8.58 necrotizing subcutaneous infection 29.8–9 severity classification 129.12 CD28 8.28 differential diagnosis 26.74 extragenital 29.10 chemical cautery, ingrowing toenail 95.58– CD30 3.24, 3.25 neonatal 116.25 primary syphilitic on finger 95.37 60 CD30+ lymphoproliferative orbital 116.25 trypanosomiasis 33.39 chemical depigmentation 88.45–6 disorders see cutaneous CD30+ pathophysiology 26.18–19 chancriform pyoderma 26.82–3 chemical exposure lymphoproliferative disorders perianal streptococcal 26.33–4, 111.21, chancroid 30.20–3 exogenous photosensitizers 127.27 CD31 3.23 113.10 classification 30.20 nail colour changes 95.14 CD34 3.21–2 periorbital 26.18 clinical features 30.21 photosensitivity 127.26–30 CD40 deficiency 82.10 preorbital 116.25 complications/co-morbidities 30.21 scleroderma induction 56.13–14

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chemical peels 159.1–13 genital ulceration 111.19, 111.24 inclusion body fibromatosis 137.10–11 clinical features 30.10–13, 30.14 acne treatment 90.50 oral ulceration 110.48 juvenile hyaline fibromatosis 72.17–18 complications/co-morbidities 30.11–12 acneform eruptions 159.12 chilblain(s) 99.35, 125.4–5 juvenile plantar dermatosis 39.21–2 definition 30.8 actinic keratosis treatment 142.11 discoid lupus erythematosus differential Kaposi sarcoma 31.35, 139.4 differential diagnosis 30.10–11 allergic contact dermatitis 159.12 diagnosis 51.9 Kawasaki disease 26.84, 102.32 disease course 30.13 Bowen disease treatment 142.23 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.52 keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness environmental factors 30.10 caustic 159.2–3 chilblain lupus 51.7, 51.22, 125.4 syndrome 65.31–2 epidemiology 30.9 chemical burns 159.11 chilblain-like lesions 147.24 keratolytic winter erythema 65.66 genital 30.8–13, 30.14, 30.15 chemistry 159.1–3 child abuse leukaemia cutis 148.2 investigations 30.13, 30.15 complications 159.9–13 anal trauma 113.32 37.10 management 30.15 consent 159.7 genital wart transmission 25.55 linear IgA disease 50.33, 50.35 nomenclature 30.8 contraindications 159.5–6 lichen sclerosus differential lipoatrophic panniculitis of the pathophysiology 30.9–11 counselling 159.6–7 diagnosis 112.8 ankles 99.52–3 prognosis 30.13 deep 159.4 male ano-genital signs 111.8–9 lipoblastoma 137.59–60 treatment ladder 30.15 depth 159.3–4 differential lipofibromatosis 137.14 pneumoniae 26.75–6 indications 159.4–5 diagnosis 63.28 loricrin keratoderma 65.49 26.76 infection 159.10–11 osteogenesis imperfecta differential malnutrition 63.6 26.75, 30.8, 30.9 medium depth 159.4 diagnosis 72.10 severity classification 63.4, 63.5 diagnosis 30.19 metabolic action 159.1–2 perianal trauma 113.32 meningococcal infection 26.49 elementary body 30.10 milia 159.12 traumatic ecchymoses 101.2 Menkes disease 63.27–8 inclusion bodies 30.13, 30.15 photo documentation 159.7 see also non-accidental injury 25.12 life cycle 30.10, 30.11 pigmentary disorder treatment 88.34 CHILD (congenital hemidysplasia with morphoea 57.22–3 30.17 postinflammatory hyper-/hypo- ichthyosiform erythroderma and disease course 57.23 perineum/perianal region 113.12 pigmentation 159.12 limb defects) syndrome 65.21–3 pansclerotic 57.16–17 reticulate body 30.10 post-peel care 159.9 congenital epidermal naevi 75.3–4, 75.7 multiple sulphatase deficiency 65.29 pneumoniae, rosacea premature peeling 159.11–12 management 75.9 Münchausen syndrome by proxy 86.30 association 91.5 pre-peel procedure 159.6–7 spinal dysraphism association 85.8–9 nails 95.46 chloasma 32.12 procedure 159.7–9 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis 94.14 90.12, 90.56–7, 130.10–12 side effects 159.9–13 perineal trauma 113.32 non-accidental injury chemicals causing 90.57 skin of colour 159.13 telogen gravidarum 89.25 chemical burns differential clinical features 90.58, 130.11–12 skin priming 159.7 Childhood Atopic Dermatitis Impact Scale diagnosis 129.12 comedones 90.12 superficial 159.3, 159.4 (CADIS) 16.6 irritant contact dermatitis differential definition 130.10 systemic toxicity 159.12 children diagnosis 129.6 differential diagnosis 130.11 technique 159.7–8 acne 90.59–64, 117.5 organ transplantation 146.4 dioxins 90.58 toxic action 159.3 acute haemorrhagic oedema 111.20 pansclerotic morphoea 57.16–17 epidemiology 90.58, 130.11 chemokine receptors 8.38, 8.39–40 age effects on drug therapeutic papular pruritic eruption of HIV 116.23 hidradenitis suppurativa differential chemokines outcomes 14.7 patch testing 128.6 diagnosis 113.21 expression by NK cells 8.16 AIDS case definition 31.6 pigmented neuroectodermal investigations 90.58–9 functions 8.38 annular erythema of infancy 47.6–8 tumour 137.53–4 management 90.59, 130.12 inflammation role 8.36, 8.37, 8.38–9, 8.40 annular lichenoid dermatitis of 117.5 treatment 90.49 keratinocyte function regulation 8.4–5 youth 37.9 polyomavirus 25.41–2 chloramphenicol, grey baby Langerhans cell migration 8.29 antihistamines 42.17 porokeratosis 65.67–8, 87.19 syndrome 88.50 lichen planus 37.2 asymmetric periflexural exanthem 25.89 prepubertal acne 90.59–64 chlorhexidine 18.9–10, 128.28 morphoea 57.7–8 atopic eczema 41.16, 41.17–19, 41.19 primary herpetic chloride, sweat composition 94.4 neutrophil adhesion role 8.18 atrichia with papular lesions 68.12 gingivostomatitis 25.17 chloride transport, CFTR gene wound healing 10.3 autoinflammatory granulomatosis of psoriasis 35.17–18 mutations 94.4 chemotherapy childhood 45.7 Refsum disease 65.28–9 chlorine-releasing agents 18.10 alopecia 89.48–9 bites 117.13 roseola infantum 25.34–5 chloroatranol 128.53 dermatoses 120.1–12 blistering distal dactylitis 26.34 scabies 34.44 chlorocresol 18.8 dyspigmentation 120.8–10 bronze baby syndrome 88.49–50 26.35 chloroform 129.3 hair changes 120.5–6 bullous pemphigoid 50.18, 50.20 seborrhoeic dermatitis differential chloroma, HIV infection 31.31 hyperpigmentation 88.26, 88.28, 120.8–9 burns 126.3 diagnosis 40.4 Chloropidae 34.7 hypertrichosis 120.6 cat scratch disease 26.60 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 65.29–30 chloroquine 19.5 hypopigmentation 120.9–10 chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis skin disease impact measurement 16.6–7 acute generalized exanthematous intertrigous eruption associated with lipodystrophy and elevated staphylococcal scalded skin pustulosis predisposition 119.2, with 120.1, 120.2 temperature syndrome 45.8 syndrome 26.27, 26.28 119.4 Kaposi sarcoma 31.30 chronic mucocutaneous streptococcal dermatitis/perianal discoid lupus erythematosus lymphatic filariasis treatment 33.9 candidosis 32.69 cellulitis 26.33–4, 113.10 treatment 51.10, 89.41 melanoma 143.34–5 cold panniculitis 99.33–4, 99.35 streptococcal vulvovaginitis 26.33 dosage 19.7 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.8–9 contact dermatitis 128.5–6 sun exposure 143.5–6 drug eruptions 118.3 140.23, 140.25–6 cutis laxa 79.6 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.30 hair pigmentary changes 89.71 nail changes 120.6–8 diffuse 137.49 26.65 nail colouration 95.14 oral ulceration 110.40 disseminated superficial urticaria 42.15 porphyria cutanea tarda treatment 60.14 papulopustular reactions 120.3–4 porokeratosis 65.67–8 UV radiation exposure 9.12 pruritus induction 83.12 photosensitivity induction 120.10–11 early childhood impact of skin varicella infection 25.24 subacute cutaneous lupus recall reaction 120.11–12 conditions 11.5 vernal keratoconjunctivitis 109.19 erythematosus treatment 51.14 scalp cooling 89.49 Epstein–Barr virus 25.31 vitamin D deficiency management 63.11 systemic lupus erythematosus scalp pustules 107.12 flushing 106.8 waxy keratoses 65.71 treatment 51.35 Sézary syndrome 140.23, 140.25–6 generalized pustular psoriasis 35.35–6 Werner syndrome 79.1, 79.3 chloroxylenol 18.10, 128.38–9 skin cancer association 146.6 genital wart transmission 25.55 wound healing 10.2 chlorphenamine 19.4 subcutaneous extravasation 99.47 granuloma annulare 97.1 26.67 chlorpromazine topical 18.26–8 granulomatous periorificial zinc deficiency 63.26 hyperpigmentation 88.27 toxic erythema 120.1–3 dermatitis 91.18, 91.19 see also infant(s); neonates; syphilis, phototoxicity 127.29 symmetrical drug-related hair loss 89.11 congenital chlorpropamide, eczema induction 118.4 intertriginous and flexural hair pulling 86.17, 86.18 Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index choanal atresia and lymphoedema 73.20 exanthem differential hair-pulling tic 89.46 (CDLQI) 16.6–7 cholera 5.8–9 diagnosis 118.6 HIV immunorestoration 31.8 Chilopoda 34.54 cholestanol 62.10 89.57 HIV infection 31.34–5 CHIME (coloboma heart defect– cholestasis, chronic 62.11 cherry angioma 103.9, 103.12–13, 103.14 papular pruritic eruption 116.23 ichthyosiform dermatosis–mental xanthelasmas 62.4, 62.11 Cheyletiella mites 34.50–1 Hutchinson–Gilford progeria retardation–ear anomalies) cholesteatoma, external auditory Chiari malformation type 1, syringomyelia syndrome 79.4, 79.5 syndrome 65.34 canal 108.27–8 association 85.7 hypertrichosis in hypothyroidism 89.62 China, history of 1.2 cholesterol emboli 101.15–16 see varicella infection idiopathic facial aseptic Chironomidae 34.8 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.25 chigoes 34.13 granuloma 91.15 Chi-square test 17.21 cholesterol embolization syndrome Chikungunya fever 25.75–6, 154.3 immunosuppression 31.34–5 Chlamydia infection 26.75–6 (CES) 101.15–16

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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cholesterol synthesis disorders 81.2, 81.16 chromosome 18, long-arm deletion Churg–Strauss syndrome see eosinophilic cleft lip/palate 110.21–3 see also congenital hemidysplasia with syndrome 76.3 granulomatosis with polyangiitis amniotic band association 105.38 ichthyosiform erythroderma and chronic actinic dermatitis 127.13–20 chylous reflux 105.41 clinical features 110.22–3 limb defects (CHILD) syndrome; associated diseases 127.13–14 chyluria, lymphatic filariasis 105.44 definition 110.21 Conradi–Hünermann–Happle chemical-induced photosensitivity chymase 2.17, 8.21, 8.41 epidemiology 110.21–2 syndrome differential diagnosis 127.29, 127.30 cicatricial pemphigoid 50.49–51, 110.31 genetics 110.22 cholesterol, X-linked syndromes clinical features 127.14–17, 127.18 bullous 50.10 investigations 110.23 concerning distal definition 127.13 electron microscopy 3.26 management 110.23 biosynthesis 65.20–3 differential diagnosis 127.16 genital 111.19–20 pathophysiology 110.22 chondrocytes, hamartomatous disease course 127.16–17 mucous membrane pemphigoid syndromes including 110.22 proliferations 73.15 drug-induced photosensitivity differential diagnosis 50.24 syndromic 110.23 chondrodermatitis nodularis 108.8–10 differential diagnosis 127.29, 127.30 oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8 van der Woude syndrome 110.26 basal cell carcinoma differential epidemiology 127.13–14 perineum/perianal region 113.8 variants 110.23 diagnosis 108.9, 141.11 investigations 127.17–20 scalp 107.7–8 clegs 34.7 clinical features 108.9 management 127.20 ciclopirox olamine 18.12 climate, allergic contact definition 108.8 nodular prurigo-like 19.10–12 dermatitis 128.11 epidemiology 108.8 morphology 127.15, 127.17 acne association 90.11 clindamycin 18.10, 19.43 investigations 108.9 pathophysiology 127.14, 127.15 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 comedonal acne treatment 90.39–40 management 108.9 polymorphic light eruption differential adverse effects 19.10–11 hidradenitis suppurativa pathophysiology 108.8–9 diagnosis 127.4 atopic eczema treatment 19.10, 41.33 management 92.9 chondroid syringoma, malignant 138.32, prognosis 127.16–17 cautions 19.11 papulopustular acne treatment 90.40 138.33 severity classification 127.15 contraindications 19.11 clinical trials chordomas 113.4 variants 127.15 CYP3A4 interactions 19.11 about adverse events 17.16–18 choriocarcinoma chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis dermatological uses 19.10 application of results to specific pemphigoid gestationis 115.13 with lipodystrophy and elevated dose 19.12 patient 17.15 transplacental transfer of maternal temperature (CANDLE) DRESS treatment 119.11 clinical outcome measures 17.13–14 disease 116.14 syndrome 45.4, 45.8, 74.9 drug–drug interactions 19.11 company sponsored 17.3, 17.9 chorionic villus sampling (CVS) 7.9–10 chronic bullous dermatosis of dyslipidaemia induction 62.11 concealment of treatment choroidoretinitis, congenital childhood 110.42, 117.10–11 generalized pustular psoriasis allocation 17.13 syphilis 29.31, 29.32 see also immunobullous disease treatment 35.37 core outcome measures 17.14 Christ–Siemens–Touraine chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus HIV infection complications 31.16 critical appraisal 17.12–18 syndrome 67.1–2 (CCLE) 51.21–2 hyperlipidaemia 19.11 diagnostic tests 17.15–16 hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia chronic granulomatous disease 148.17 hypertrichosis 89.62, 89.63, 149.15 ethics 14.12 differential diagnosis 67.14 bacterial infections 148.15 irritant contact dermatitis 129.8 evidence-based medicine 17.2–3 94.17 functional phagocyte deficiency 82.15 male genital lichen planus 111.16 identification of adverse events 14.6 chromium primary immunodeficiency 82.2 malignancy association 19.11 importance of results 17.14–15 allergic contact dermatitis 128.2, 128.3, chronic infantile neurological, monitoring 19.12 indices 17.14 128.5, 128.14 cutaneous and articular (CINCA) nephrotoxicity 19.11 intention to treat analysis 17.13 clinical features 128.22 syndrome 45.2, 45.3, 45.5 pemphigus treatment 50.9 likelihood ratio 17.15–16 prognosis 128.22–3 infantile urticaria 117.6 pharmacological properties 19.10 masking 17.13 avoidance 128.23 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) plaque psoriasis treatment 35.26, negative results 17.3, 17.9 chemistry 128.22 basal cell carcinoma incidence 141.3 35.27–8 outcome variables 17.14 patch tests 128.23 leukaemia cutis 148.2, 148.3 polymorphic light eruption phase I studies 14.12 regulatory measures 128.76 necrobiotic xanthogranuloma management 127.8 power 17.23 systemically reactivated allergic contact association 136.22 pre-treatment screening 19.11–12 pre-/post-test probability 17.15–16 dermatitis 128.59 paraneoplastic pemphigus psoriasis treatment 19.10 random assignment of chromoblastomycosis 32.76–8 association 50.6, 148.8 regimens 19.12 patients 17.12–13 causative organisms 32.77, 32.78 skin cancers 146.3 skin cancer association 146.6, 146.7 registration 14.12 clinical features 32.77 chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia solar urticaria 127.23 reporting guidelines 14.12, 17.13 definition 32.76 (CMML) squamous cell carcinoma secondary sample size 17.23 epidemiology 32.76 leukaemia cutis 148.2, 148.3 prevention 142.33 substitute/surrogate end points 17.14 investigations 32.77–8 perniosis 125.4 Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic validity 17.12–13 management 32.78 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease epidermal necrolysis 119.22 strengthening 17.13–14 pathophysiology 32.76–7 benign symmetrical lipomatosis topical therapy 18.21 see also randomized controlled trials treatment ladder 32.78 association 100.14 cidofovir (RCT) chromogranin A 3.20 psoriasis association 35.21 human papillomavirus treatment 31.24 clioquinol, topical 18.18, 128.29 chromophores 23.3, 23.4, 23.6 urticarial vasculitis complication 44.4 topical therapy 18.13 clitoris 112.2–3 cellular epidermis 9.5 chronic pain syndromes, genital 111.36 wart treatment 25.54 melanoma 112.38 UVR effects 9.4 chronic papillomatous dermatitis 114.13, Cimex lectularius 34.24, 34.25 variations 112.3 chromosomal disorders 76.1–5 114.112 Cimicidae 34.24–5, 34.26, 34.27 clofazimine autosomal 76.1–3 management 114.113 CINCA (chronic infantile neurological, acne fulminans treatment 90.53 genetic tools 76.1 chronic papular onchodermatitis cutaneous and articular) erythema nodosum leprosum mosaicism 76.5 (CPOD) 33.3, 33.4 syndrome 45.2, 45.3, 45.5 treatment 28.16 sex chromosome defects 76.3–5 chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis infantile urticaria 117.6 hyperpigmentation 88.25 chromosomal microarray analysis (CRMO) 45.8 cinnamal 129.8, 129.9 leprosy treatment 28.15 (CMA) 76.1 chronic renal disease 101.3 cinnamic acid 129.8, 129.9 clomipramine, trichotillomania chromosome(s) pruritus 83.10–11 circumcision 111.6–7 treatment 89.47 abnormalities 7.2, 7.5 chronic venous disease, oedema 105.7 genital lymphoedema 105.19 clonidine, hyperhidrosis treatment 94.9 external ear anomaly chronic venous insufficiency 103.36–7, lichen sclerosus management 111.15 clostridial myonecrosis 26.47–8 association 108.3 103.38, 103.39, 103.40 penile carcinoma protection 111.29 26.47–8 complex rearrangements 7.2 clinical features 103.38 circumscribed neurodermatitis 39.28–30 cellulitis 26.74 crossing-over 7.8 definition 103.36 cirsoid aneurysm 137.28 Clostridium botulinum 121.4 deletions 7.5 epidemiology 103.36–7 citric acid, antiageing products 156.3 Clostridium perfringens 26.47–8 insertions 7.5 investigations 103.40 citrullinaemia, pili torti differential Clostridium sordelli 121.4 microdeletions 7.2 lipoedema differential diagnosis 100.20, diagnosis 68.20 heroin users 26.48 pseudo-autosomal region 7.4 100.21 citrullinated peptides 154.6 toxic shock syndrome association 26.31 structural rearrangements 7.5 lymphoedema 103.38, 105.7 Cladophialophora carrionii 32.77, 32.78 Clostridium tetani 121.4 substitutions 7.5 management 103.40 clarinettist’s cheilitis 123.11, 123.12 clothing translocations 7.2 nomenclature 103.36 Clarkson syndrome 43.4 allergic contact dermatitis 128.13, chromosome 4, short-arm deletion pathophysiology 103.37, 103.40 claudication, treatment 103.4 128.45–7 syndrome 76.2, 76.3 severity classification 103.40 claudins 2.20, 129.3 callosities 123.8 chromosome 5, short-arm deletion chrysarobin, hair pigmentary gene mutations 2.20, 65.36 dyes 128.46–7 syndrome 76.3 changes 89.71 CLDN1 gene mutations 65.36 formaldehyde 128.45, 128.46 chromosome 5p syndrome see cri du chat 88.53, 122.3, 122.4 clear cell acanthoma 133.5–6 photoprotection 9.12 syndrome chrysoderma 88.53 clear cell sarcoma 137.66 clotrimazole, candidosis treatment 32.61

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Clouston syndrome 65.58, 65.61, 67.21–2, variants 78.8–9 inherited disorders 72.1–11 coloboma, heart defects, atresia of the 68.6, 68.17 xeroderma pigmentosum differential light absorption 23.3–4 nasal choanae, retardation of malignancy association 65.58 diagnosis 78.6 mechanical function 123.5 growth/development, genital/ oral lesions 110.17 xeroderma pigmentosum/Cockayne tissue 10.8 urinary abnormalities and ear CLOVES (congenital lipomatous syndrome complex 78.6 selective photothermolysis 23.4 abnormalities and deafness overgrowth, vascular Cockayne syndrome proteins A and B 78.2 subunits 2.28 (CHARGE) syndrome 82.8, 108.3 malformations, epidermal naevi cockroaches 34.30 synthesis colonic adenocarcinoma 147.12 and skeletal/spinal anomalies) cocoa butter 18.6 by fibroblasts 2.40–1 colony-stimulating growth factors 8.5 syndrome 74.6, 105.27, 105.28 coeliac disease 152.3 in hypopituitarism 149.16 colophonium 128.15, 128.58 capillary malformations 73.5–6 aphthous stomatitis differential transepidermal elimination 96.49–50, 96.51 colophony allergy 128.54–5, 128.58 lymphatic malformations 73.16, 105.35 diagnosis 110.29 type(s) 2.28–9 Colorado tick fever 34.38 naevi 75.7 urticaria association 42.3 type I 2.28 colour Doppler scanning 4.22 club foot, amniotic band association 105.38 coenzyme Q10 156.2, 156.11 ageing of skin 155.6–7 colour of skin 88.1–2, 155.4 clubbing 95.6–7 Coffin–Lowry syndrome 74.5 type III 2.28 ageing 155.4, 155.9 HIV infection 31.32 Cogan syndrome, urticarial vasculitis type IV 2.20, 2.28–9 black skin biological significance 88.8 paraneoplastic 147.17 association 44.2 anti-type IV collagen chemical peels 159.13 sarcoidosis association 98.14 cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) 86.39 pemphigoid 50.51 combined immunodeficiencies 82.7–12 with tripe palms 147.16 body dysmorphic disorder 86.12–13, 86.39 basement membrane 2.22, 2.23 with associated features 82.11–12 cluster of jewels sign 50.35–6, 50.37 cohort studies 17.5 bullous systemic lupus cartilage hair hypoplasia 82.12 Clutton’s joints, congenital syphilis 29.31, about adverse events 17.16 erythematosus 50.47 common variable 29.32 colchicine 19.12–13 diagnosis of epidermolysis immunodeficiency 82.13 Cnidaria 131.1–2 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 bullosa 71.21 DOCK8 deficiency 82.9–10 coagulation disorders 101.2 adverse effects 19.13 wound healing 10.13 MHC class I deficiency 82.10 ecchymoses 101.1 Behçet syndrome management 48.7, type V 2.29 P13κδ deficiency 82.13 liver disease 152.8 48.8, 48.9–10, 110.32 type VI 2.29 syndromic 82.11–12 coagulation, protease role 8.40 contraindications 19.13 type VII 2.26–7, 2.29, 71.5 Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome 82.9 coagulopathy cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis diagnosis of epidermolysis X-linked lymphoproliferative cancer-associated 147.24 treatment 102.8 bullosa 71.22 diseases 82.10–11 erythema multiforme differential dermatological uses 19.12 dominant generalized dystrophic see also dyskeratosis congenita; Fanconi diagnosis 47.5 dose 19.13 epidermolysis bullosa 71.14 anaemia; severe combined HIV infection 31.13 drug–drug interactions 19.13 dominant/recessive dystrophic immunodeficiency (SCID) systemic 101.17–20 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita bullous dermolysis of the naevus 90.25, 138.4–5 coal tar 18.32–3 treatment 50.46 newborn 71.16 comedones 130.11 coal-tar distillates 130.11 erythema nodosum treatment 99.24 dystrophic epidermolysis acne 90.1 actinic keratosis 142.2 monitoring 19.13 bullosa 71.18 amineptine-induced 90.11 eczema treatment 39.7 pharmacological properties 19.12–13 type XVII 2.29, 71.4 closed 90.21, 90.24 hand 39.17 regimens 19.13 type XXIX 2.29 familial 90.25 plaque psoriasis 35.24–5 Sweet syndrome treatment 49.12 wound healing 10.7 mechanical acne 90.24 cobalamin deficiency 63.19–20 urticarial vasculitis treatment 44.5 collagen fillers 157.6 open 90.21 cobalt allergy 128.21–2 cold with polymethylmethacrylate 157.7 removal 90.48, 90.49 avoidance 128.21 diseases caused/aggravated by 125.1–11 collagen vascular disease retinoic acid therapy 18.22 chemistry 128.21 paronychia 95.37 oral lesions 110.48, 110.91 secondary 92.5 clinical features 128.21 physiological reactions 125.1 primary immunodeficiency 82.2 senile 90.26 occurrence 128.21 cold agglutinin(s) 25.32, 101.12, 101.13, urticaria differential diagnosis 42.14 solar 90.26 patch tests 128.22, 128.67–8 101.15, 125.11 collagenase 2.32 subtypes 90.21 prognosis 128.22 monoclonal 101.13 collagenoma 96.40 surgery 20.47 systemically reactivated allergic contact cold agglutinin disease 125.11 congenital 75.18, 96.40 see also chloracne dermatitis 128.59 cold agglutinin-related cutaneous verrucous perforating 96.51 Comèl–Netherton syndrome 65.24–5, 82.11 Cobb syndrome 103.20 occlusion 101.13–14 collagenosis common variable cocaine 121.2–3 management 101.15 nuchae 137.12 immunodeficiency 82.13, 148.17 Coccidioides immitis 32.87, 32.88–9 cold injury reactive perforating 64.4, 65.69 epidemiology 146.2 Coccidioides posadasii 32.87, 32.88–9 neonatal 99.33–4, 116.14 familial 96.50–1, 96.53 communication, medication errors 14.9 coccidioidin test 4.24–5 subcutaneous fat necrosis of the lip 110.88 community diagnosis 5.2 32.87–9 newborn 116.15 collagenous and elastotic marginal plaques co-morbidities 11.6 clinical features 32.88 sports enthusiasts 123.15 of hands 96.4–5 comparative genomic hybridization endemic 31.27 cold panniculitis 99.33–5, 116.14 collagenous colitis 152.3 (CGH), melanoma diagnosis 143.19 epidemiology 32.87–8 adults 99.34 collier’s stripes 88.53 complement 136.2 investigations 32.88–9 definition 99.33 collodion baby 65.7, 65.9, 65.11, 116.19 activation management 32.89 differential diagnosis 99.35 clinical features 116.19–20 primary anetoderma 96.21 coccygeal dimple 85.9 equestrian 99.34, 99.35, 125.4 definition 116.19 regulation defects 82.18 coccygodynia, idiopathic 113.32 infants 99.33–4 epidemiology 116.19 bullous disorders 3.18 Cochrane Collaboration 17.6, 17.9 investigations 99.34–5 investigations 116.20 macrophage role 8.22 Cochrane Library 17.6–7 management 99.35 loricrin keratoderma 65.49 pathway 8.31–2 Cockayne syndrome 78.7–9 neonates 99.33–4 management 65.37–8, 116.20 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.34 classification 78.7 pathophysiology 99.33–4 pathophysiology 116.19 complement 1q (C1q) 10.6 clinical features 78.7–9 cold-induced sweating syndrome 94.7 restrictive dermopathy differential complement diseases 82.17–18 definition 78.7 cold-induced vasodilation 85.4 diagnosis 72.20 complementary therapies 15.2, 86.40 epidemiology 78.7 Cole disease 65.54 trichothiodystrophy 65.33 acne therapy 90.49 investigations 78.9 Coleoptera 34.28–30 collodions 18.2 see also herbal products/medications management 78.9 colicapictorum 122.4–5 colloid body 3.35 complex regional pain syndrome Mulvihill–Smith syndrome differential colitis colloid degeneration 3.35, 96.5–6 (CRPS) 85.12–14 diagnosis 72.26 collagenous 152.3 nodular 96.6 clinical features 85.13–14 neonatal lupus erythematosus see also ulcerative colitis penile 111.27 definition 85.12 differential diagnosis 51.38 collagen 2.2 colloid milia 96.5–6 dermatological manifestations 85.13 pathophysiology 78.7 biology 2.31 clinical features 96.6 epidemiology 85.13 premature ageing 79.2 biosynthesis 2.30–1 differential diagnosis 96.5, 96.6 investigations 85.14 progeria differential diagnosis 72.22 cross-linking 2.31–2 electron microscopy 3.27 management 85.14 Rothmund–Thomson syndrome degradation 2.32–3, 9.10–11 management 96.6 pathophysiology 85.13 differential diagnosis 77.6 extracellular matrix 2.27–8 pathophysiology 96.5–6 stages 85.13 severity 78.9 fibrils solar elastosis differential diagnosis 96.4 Compositae 128.52, 128.53, 128.54 skin ageing 2.47 fragmentation in ageing 96.2, 155.6–8 colloid osmotic pressure 105.3 composite haemangioendothelioma 137.35 trichothiodystrophy differential synthesis decrease 96.2, 155.8 coloboma heart defect–ichthyosiform compression therapy diagnosis 78.11 gene expression regulation 2.31 dermatosis–mental retardation– immobility-induced lymphoedema type A 79.2 genetic heterogeneity 2.28 ear anomalies (CHIME) 105.51 type B 79.2 hydroxylation reactions 2.30–1 syndrome 65.34 lipodermatosclerosis 105.10

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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lymphatic malformations 105.37 clinical features 65.11–12 elastic tissue deposition 96.29–30 musical instruments 123.11 lymphoedema 105.56, 105.57, 105.57 definition 65.9–10 excessive response to injury 96.45–9 non-immune 129.9 obesity-related lymphoedema 105.20 investigations 65.12–13 fibromatoses 96.30–40 perianal 113.8 phlebolymphoedema 105.9 management 65.39 fibrous cutaneous nodules 96.40–5 phototoxic 129.9–10 conception, effects on drug therapeutic pathophysiology 65.10 perforating dermatoses 96.49–53 purpura 101.9 outcome 14.7 congenital ichthyosis–follicular photodamage 96.1–6 scalp disorders 107.4 conditioners (hair) 89.72 atrophoderma–hypotrichosis– skin atrophy 96.6–19 symmetrical drug-related intertriginous condoms, rubber accelerators 128.17 (IFAH) 65.36 hand–arm vibration syndrome and flexural exanthem differential condyloma, giant of penis 111.32 congenital lipodystrophy 74.1–3 differential diagnosis 123.24 diagnosis 118.6 condylomata acuminata 25.53, 25.56, acquired 100.3 histological sections 3.39 transient acantholytic dermatosis 112.29, 113.13–15 generalized 74.1, 74.2 immunological tests 125.9 association 87.22 giant 113.19 congenital lipomatous overgrowth, immunopathology techniques 3.17 urticaria differential diagnosis 42.14 HIV infection 31.24 vascular malformations, epidermal inherited 72.1–33 vesicular palmar 128.14 oral 110.62 naevi and skeletal/spinal anomalies collagen disorders 72.1–11 see also allergic contact dermatitis; see also ano-genital warts (CLOVES) syndrome 74.6, 105.27, ectopic calcification disorders 72.26– irritant contact dermatitis condylomata lata 105.28 32 contact hypersensitivity (CHS) 8.15 genital wart differential diagnosis 25.57, capillary malformations 73.5–6 elastic fibre disorders 72.11–17 acquired immunity model 9.8–9 111.25 lymphatic malformations 73.16, 105.35 infantile stiff skin syndromes 72.17–20 macrophage inhibitory factor role 8.15 perineum/perianal region 113.12 naevi 75.7 mineralization abnormalities 72.26–32 pathophysiology 8.28 secondary syphilis 29.12, 29.14 congenital localized hypertrichosis 68.11 premature ageing syndromes 72.20–6 contact urticaria syndrome 41.32 cone-nosed bugs 34.27–8 congenital malformations 7.5 malignancy association 147.19–21 see also allergic contact urticaria confidence intervals 5.13, 17.18, 17.21–2 ano-genital region 113.4 overlap 53.9 contingency tables 17.21 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis prenatal diagnosis 7.9–10 papular/nodular mucinosis 59.13–14 contrast agents, gadolinium causing (CARP) 32.14, 87.5–7 superficial capillary (see port-wine radiography 95.47 nephrogenic systemic fibrosis 96.41 clinical features 87.6–7 stains) renal involvement 153.6 Control of Substances Hazardous to definition 87.5 vulval 112.4 Sjögren syndrome association 55.6, 55.7 Health (COSHH) legislation 128.76 differential diagnosis 87.7 congenital melanocytic naevi see naevi, subcorneal pustular dermatosis contusion, external ear 108.6–7 epidemiology 87.5–6 congenital melanocytic association 49.14 Conus (cone shell) 131.3–4 management 87.7 congenital melanocytic naevus systemic lupus erythematosus convertase 8.41 pathophysiology 87.6 syndrome 75.13 differential diagnosis 51.27 coolants, occupational dermatitis 130.1 confocal microscopy see reflectance congenital muscle hamartoma 75.20 systemic sclerosis overlap 56.7–8 Copenhagen Psoriasis Severity confocal microscopy congenital pseudo-ainhum 96.44–5, 116.18 undifferentiated 54.1 Index 16.2 confounding 5.8, 5.13 raised linear bands of infancy urticarial vasculitis co-morbidity 44.2, coping strategies 86.3–4 congenital acquired lipodystrophy 100.3 differential diagnosis 116.18 44.4 copper congenital adrenal hyperplasia 149.18 congenital rubella syndrome 25.79, see also mixed connective tissue disease accumulation in Wilson disease 81.19 clinical features 90.8 116.22–3 connective tissue growth factor contact allergy 128.24 hirsutism 89.65, 90.8 neonatal lupus erythematosus (CTGF) 10.3, 10.7 copper deficiency 2.36, 63.27–8 late-onset, acne association 90.5, 90.8 differential diagnosis 116.13 connexin(s) 2.19, 2.20 hair colour changes 89.71 non-classical 90.5, 90.8 congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis scarring 10.8 Menkes disease 81.18 congenital candidosis 32.67 (CSHRH) 136.5 connexin disorders 67.7, 68.16–17 copra itch 34.48 congenital cutis laxa 96.20 congenital syphilis see syphilis, congenital keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness coral bead sign 147.23 congenital cystic median raphe congenital tuberculosis 116.26–7 syndrome 65.30–2 coral strings 131.1–2 anomalies 111.26 Conidiobolus coronatus 32.80–1 palmoplantar keratoderma and hearing cord tethering 85.9 congenital dermal sinuses 85.8 conjunctiva impairment 65.56 corneal argyrosis 122.7 congenital disorders of glycosylation 81.2, chancre 109.42 connexin-26, associated disorders 65.30, corneal opacity, recessive X-linked 81.10–11 irritation 41.22 65.56 ichthyosis 65.6 congenital epidermal naevi see naevi, Kaposi sarcoma 109.51 connexons 2.19, 2.20 corneal scarring, atopic congenital epidermal local anaesthesia 20.12 Conradi–Hünermann–Happle keratoconjunctivitis 109.22 congenital erosive and vesicular melanoma 109.50, 143.13 syndrome 65.20–2, 96.14 Cornelia de Lange syndrome dermatosis with reticulated naevi 132.24 clinical features 65.21 facial features 75.14 scarring 96.12, 116.8–9 papillomas 25.57 management 65.21–2 hypertrichosis 89.61 congenital erythropoietic porphyria 60.4, ulceration 87.14 pathophysiology 65.20–1 oral lesions 110.24 60.7, 60.9–11 xerosis 87.14 constricting bands of the corneocytes 2.1, 2.6 bone marrow transplantation 60.10–11 conjunctivitis extremities 96.43–5 structure 2.7 clinical features 60.9–10 chronic allergic 50.29 clinical features 96.44–5 corneodesmosin 71.5 definition 60.9 cicatricial associated with definition 96.43 cornification, inherited disorders 65.2 differential diagnosis 60.10 immunobullous disorders 109.25–7, differential diagnosis 96.44–5 exfoliative disorders 65.24–7 disease course 60.10 109.28–9, 109.29–34, 109.35, 109.36 epidemiology 96.43–4 see also ichthyoses genetic counselling 60.11 see also Stevens–Johnson syndrome; management 96.45 corns 123.6–8 hypertransfusion 60.10 toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) pathophysiology 96.44 clinical features 123.7–8 investigations 60.10 clinical features 109.27, 109.28–9, variants 96.44 definition 123.6 management 60.10–11 109.29–30 see also amniotic band syndrome epidemiology 123.6–7 nomenclature 60.9 definition 109.25 constriction artefact 86.27 management 123.8 prognosis 60.10 differential diagnosis 109.26, 109.30–1 construct validity 16.2 pathophysiology 123.7 congenital fascial dystrophy 72.18 epidemiology 109.26 contact dermatitis sports injuries 123.16 congenital generalized erythema multiforme major 109.34, airborne, chronic actinic dermatitis corona phlebectatica paraplantaris 103.38 lipodystrophies 74.1, 74.2 109.36 differential diagnosis 127.16 chronic venous insufficiency 103.39 congenital generalized multiple graft-versus-host disease 109.36 arsenic toxicity 122.2 coronary artery disease 150.5–6 fibromatosis 72.18 investigations 109.30–1 cellulitis differential diagnosis 26.20 HIV-associated lipodystrophy congenital haemangiomas 117.23 management 109.31–4, 109.35, 109.36 children 128.5–6 association 100.7 congenital heart block 51.37 mucous membrane chronic otitis externa 108.18 hyperlipoproteinaemia type III 62.8 neonatal lupus erythematosus 51.38–9 pemphigoid 109.25–7, 109.28–9, delayed-type hypersensitivity 8.60 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.28 congenital hemidysplasia with 109.29–34, 109.35, 109.36 discoid lupus erythematosus differential corticosteroid-induced rosacea-like ichthyosiform erythroderma pathophysiology 109.26–7 diagnosis 51.9 dermatosis 91.16–17 and limb defects (CHILD) gonococcal 30.3, 30.4, 30.8 ear piercing complications 108.7 syndrome 65.21–3 herpes simplex virus 109.36–8, 109.39 erysipelas differential diagnosis 26.20 acne therapy 90.49 congenital epidermal naevi 75.3–4, 75.7 Lyme disease 109.42 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea acneform reactions 90.10–11 management 75.9 psoriatic arthritis association 35.43 differential diagnosis 91.9 acute graft-versus-host disease spinal dysraphism association 85.8–9 connective tissue, ageing/photodamage eyelids 109.5 treatment 38.5–6 congenital hypertrichosis 113.4 changes 96.1–6 gold reactions 122.4 adverse reactions 154.15 generalized 89.61 connective tissue diseases hand eczema 39.17 allergy 128.18 lanuginosa 89.61 acquired 96.1–53 historical aspects 1.8 alopecia areata treatment 89.33 localized 68.11, 89.61–2 ageing 96.1–6 lichen planus-like 37.3 anti-p200 pemphigoid treatment 50.40–1 congenital ichthyosiform elastic fibre degradation 96.19–28, mast cell role 2.17 atopic eczema treatment 41.30 erythroderma 65.9–13, 65.10, 116.19 96.29 mercury toxicity 122.6 atrophy of skin 96.7–9

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corticosteroids (continued) corticosteroids, systemic cosmeceuticals 156.1–10, 156.10–11, 156.11 anal fistula differential diagnosis 113.27 Behçet syndrome management 48.7, dermatomyositis treatment 53.11–12 antiageing 156.3–5 ano-genital lesions 112.22–3 48.8, 48.9, 110.32 erythema multiforme treatment 47.6 phytochemicals 156.7 aphthous stomatitis differential blanching effect on skin 13.7 hidradenitis suppurativa coenzyme Q10 156.2 diagnosis 110.29 bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis management 92.10 herbal products/phytochemicals 156.5– aphthous ulceration 110.41–2 syndrome treatment 49.13–14 safe treatments in pregnancy 115.17 10, 156.11 clinical features 113.24–5 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus solar urticaria treatment 127.23 see also antioxidants cutaneous 97.11–13, 152.2 treatment 50.48, 50.49 Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic cosmetic fillers, panniculitis 99.48 definition 113.24 candidosis effects 32.58 epidermal necrolysis 119.22 cosmetic units, facial surgery 20.2 differential diagnosis 113.25 chronic graft-versus-host disease transient acantholytic dermatosis cosmetics epidemiology 113.24 treatment 38.9 treatment 87.24 acne vulgaris association 90.17 erythema nodosum 99.21 cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis corticosteroids, topical 18.13–19 allergic contact dermatitis 128.13, folliculitis differential diagnosis 113.10 treatment 102.8 allergic reactions 128.29, 128.31 128.15, 128.31–2 genital 111.20, 114.7 Darier disease treatment 66.9 antimicrobial agent combination 18.18 avoidance 128.32 genital erythema 111.19 DRESS treatment 119.11 asteatotic eczema treatment 39.11, 87.27 clinical features 128.31–2 granulomatous cheilitis dyslipidaemia induction 62.11 chronic actinic dermatitis incidence 128.31 association 110.86 eosinophilic granulomatosis with treatment 127.20 comedonal acne 130.11 differential diagnosis 110.86 polyangiitis treatment 102.29 comedone formation 130.11 facial melanosis 88.10 haemorrhoids differential eosinophilic pustular folliculitis cross-reactions 18.16–17 hair 89.71–5, 128.16, 128.32 diagnosis 113.31 treatment 93.9 discoid lupus erythematosus colouring 89.72–4 hidradenitis suppurativa epidermolysis bullosa acquisita treatment 51.10, 89.41 irritant contact dermatitis 129.4 association 92.2 treatment 50.46 eczema treatment 39.6, 39.7 nails 95.60–4 differential diagnosis 92.7, 113.21 erosive pustular dermatitis of scalp endocrine impact 149.15 patch testing 128.32 investigations 113.25 treatment 107.11 eye drops 18.17 plant allergens 128.31 lesions 152.2 erythema nodosum treatment 99.24 formulations 18.18–19 vehicles 128.40–2 lips 97.12 fixed drug eruption treatment 118.14 granuloma annulare treatment 97.7 cost analysis study 6.3 lupus vulgaris differential giant cell arteritis treatment 102.35 hand eczema treatment 39.17 cost–benefit analysis (CBA) 6.4 diagnosis 27.24 granulomatosis with polyangiitis treatment 127.26 cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) 6.4 malakoplakia differential treatment 102.27 indications 18.14, 18.15 Costello syndrome 72.12, 80.8, 80.9, 150.3 diagnosis 112.25 granulomatous cheilitis treatment 110.87 infantile acropustulosis treatment 116.8 rhabdomyosarcoma risk 110.62 management 113.25 Hailey–Hailey disease treatment 66.13 infection exacerbation 18.17 cost-minimization studies 6.4 metastatic 97.13, 113.24, 113.25 hypertrichosis treatment 89.63 lichen simplex treatment 39.30 cost-of-illness mucocutaneous features 113.24, 113.25 irritant contact dermatitis lower leg eczema treatment 39.21 psoriasis 6.7–9 lipoidica association 97.8 treatment 129.8 mastocytosis treatment 46.9 skin cancer 6.5–6, 6.7 pathophysiology 113.24 itch in atopic eczema treatment 83.9 mechanism of action 18.14–15 studies 6.3–4 perianal 97.12, 113.24–5 lichen planus treatment 37.15, 37.16, mycosis fungoides treatment 140.23 cost–utility analysis (CUA) 6.4 perineal 97.12, 114.7 37.17, 37.18 nail psoriasis treatment 95.42 co-trimoxazole 19.43 pilonidal sinus differential male genital 111.16 treatment 97.11 drug eruptions 31.17, 31.18 diagnosis 113.24 lichen sclerosus management 112.9 occlusion 18.19 cotton-seed dermatitis 34.49 psoriasis association 35.20 lichen striatus treatment 37.20 perineum/perianal region counselling, interpersonal 86.39 reactive lesions 152.2–3 localized lipoatrophy induction 100.10–11 reactions 113.8 cow hair sinus 123.22 sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 98.2 treatment 88.12 peristomal skin disease treatment 114.9, Cowden syndrome see PTEN vulval 98.14 mixed connective tissue disease 114.113 hamartomatous tumour syndrome selenium toxicity 122.6 treatment 54.3 pityriasis alba treatment 39.26 Cowden-like syndrome 80.13, 80.14 skin cancer association 146.5, 146.10 molecule structure 18.14 pityriasis lichenoides management 135.5 cowpox 25.8–9 skin tags 111.5 morphoea treatment 107.6 pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment 36.6 vulval lesions 112.27 stoma complication 114.7–8, 114.9, 114.10 mucous membrane pemphigoid plaque psoriasis treatment 35.22–3 Coxiella burnetii, infectious subacute cutaneous lupus treatment 109.33 polymorphic light eruption panniculitis 99.44 erythematosus association 51.12 ocular side effects 109.43, 109.46 management 127.7 Coxsackie virus infections 25.79, 25.81–2 vulval lesions 112.22–3 pemphigus treatment 50.8 rebound phenomenon 18.18 hand, foot and mouth disease 117.7 see also oro-facial granulomatosis phobias 86.20 safe treatments in pregnancy 115.17 oral ulceration 110.48–9 cromoglicate 18.35 poststeroid panniculitis treatment 99.35, side effects 18.15–18 34.17, 34.22–3 solar urticaria 127.23 99.55–6 local 18.15–17 crack cocaine 121.2–3 Cronkhite–Canada syndrome potency 18.14 systemic 18.15–18 117.1, 117.2 intestinal polyposis 152.4 purpura treatment 101.5–6 subacute cutaneous lupus Crandall syndrome, pili torti 89.52 telogen effluvium 89.27 pyoderma gangrenosum treatment 49.5 erythematosus treatment 51.14 craniostenosis, delayed closure of Cross syndrome 70.9 recurrent aphthous stomatitis systemic lupus erythematosus the fontanelles, cranial defects Crosti lymphoma 140.40–1 treatment 110.30 treatment 51.35 or deafness, anal anomalies, crotamiton 18.13 sarcoidosis treatment 98.15–17 tachyphylaxis 18.18 genitourinary anomalies and skin rosacea treatment 91.14 seborrhoeic dermatitis treatment 40.5, transient acantholytic dermatosis eruption (CDAGS) syndrome 87.21 croton oil 129.3 40.6, 107.2 treatment 87.24 craniosynostosis Crouzon syndrome 67.7, 87.3 subcorneal pustular dermatosis vascular effects 18.17 cutis laxa differential diagnosis 72.14 Crowe’s sign 80.3 treatment 49.15 vehicles 18.18–19 syndromic cleft lip/palate 110.23 crown of jewels sign 50.35–6 subcutaneous Sweet syndrome vitiligo treatment 88.39 C-reactive protein (CRP) 8.31 crow’s feet, botulinum toxin treatment 99.49 corticotrophin see adrenocorticotropic creams 18.2, 18.9 injection 158.5, 158.6 tinea modification 32.50 hormone (ACTH) creeping hair 123.22 crush injuries, gas 26.47 transdermal 13.7 , endocrine impact of creosote 130.11 crust 3.35 zoster infection treatment 25.30 therapy 149.15 CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, cryofibrinogen 101.12, 101.13 see also glucocorticoid(s) 26.3–4 oesophageal dysfunction, cryofibrinogenaemia 101.13, 101.15 corticosteroids, intralesional 18.19, 20.44 abnormal sweat odour 94.16 sclerodactyly and telangiectasia) cryogelling/cryoagglutination foreign-body reactions 123.20 26.42 syndrome 56.1 disorders 101.12–15 keloid 96.48 trichomycosis pubis 111.23 calcinosis 61.2 clinical features 101.14–15 skin atrophy 96.7 Corynebacterium acnes see Propionibacterium Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, new complications/co-morbidities 101.14–15 corticosteroids, oral acnes variant 20.7–8 differential diagnosis 101.14 acne fulminans treatment 90.53 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 26.38 cri du chat syndrome 76.3 epidemiology 101.13 discoid lupus erythematosus Corynebacterium minutissimum 26.39, premature hair greying 89.70 investigations 101.15 treatment 51.10 31.22 Crimean Congo haemorrhagic fever 25.72 management 101.15 mastocytosis treatment 46.10 Corynebacterium pyogenes see Trueperella crinkles 96.2 pathophysiology 101.13–14 morphoea treatment 57.27, 57.28 pyogenes Crisponi syndrome 96.37 variants 101.14 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.45 Corynebacterium tenuis, trichomycosis critical limb ischaemia 85.6 cryogen spray cooling 23.5 subacute cutaneous lupus axillaris 26.41 Crohn disease 113.24–5, 152.1–3 cryoglobulinaemia 101.13–15, 125.10–11 erythematosus treatment 51.14 coryneform bacteria 26.3–4, 26.37–43 acne fulminans association 90.50 clinical features 125.10 systemic lupus erythematosus classification 26.37 anal abscess differential cold urticaria 42.11 treatment 51.35–6 definition 26.37 diagnosis 113.26 definition 125.10 pregnancy 51.30 diseases caused by 26.37 anal fissure differential diagnosis 113.29 epidemiology 125.10

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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investigations 125.11 management 140.28, 140.31 management 102.8 Michelin tyre baby differential management 101.15, 125.11 treatment algorithm 140.28 nomenclature 102.5 diagnosis 72.15 mixed 125.10, 125.11 cutaneous B-cell lymphoma 140.2 pathophysiology 102.5, 102.6 pathophysiology 72.11, 96.19 myeloma-linked 147.24 biopsy 3.2 severity classification 102.7 pseudoxanthoma elasticum differential pathophysiology 125.10 classification 140.37–8 variants 102.6 diagnosis 72.30 Schnitzler syndrome differential diffuse large 140.37, 140.41–3 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) 140.1 pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like diagnosis 45.10 follicle centre cell 140.37, 140.40–1 acquired ichthyoses 65.40 phenotype 72.30 systemic lupus erythematosus immunopathology techniques 3.25 aggressive epidermotropic variants 72.11, 72.12, 72.13 association 51.25, 51.34 intravascular large 140.43–4 CD8+ 140.32–3 X-linked 72.12, 72.13 type I 102.17, 148.6 pathogenesis 140.38 angioimmunoblastic 140.45 cutis marmorata 116.3 urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 photodynamic therapy 22.7 biopsy 3.2 cutis marmorata telangiectasia see also vasculitis, cutaneous, post-transplant lymphoproliferative CD4+ small/medium-sized congenita 116.3 cryoglobulinaemic disorder 140.48 pleomorphic 140.34 cutis verticis gyrata cryoglobulins 101.12–13, 125.10 primary 140.37–43 cell of origin 140.2, 140.3 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10, cryoglobulinaemia type I radiotherapy 24.16 chronic actinic dermatitis differential 149.11 diagnosis 148.6 secondary 140.43–5 diagnosis 127.16 malignancy association 147.23 mechanism of action 101.14–15 treatment algorithm 140.38 epidermotropism 140.2 scalp 100.23, 107.9 pathology 101.13 see also lymphomatoid granulomatosis erythroderma 39.32 cutting oils 130.11 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.34 cutaneous calcinosis see calcinosis cutis extracorporeal photochemotherapy 21.6 CX3C chemokines 8.36, 8.37 cryolipolysis 160.11–12 cutaneous calciphylaxis 101.24–5 genital ulceration 111.19 CX3CR1 8.40 cryoproteins, urticaria 47.11 cutaneous CD4+ small/medium- granulomatous slack skin disease 96.27– CXC chemokines 8.36, 8.37, 8.38, 8.39 cryopyrin-associated periodic sized pleomorphic T-cell 8, 140.17–18 CXCL8 see interleukin 8 (IL-8) syndrome 45.4–5 lymphoma 140.34 HIV infection 31.31 CXCR2 8.40 cryosurgery 20.43 cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferative hydroa vacciniforme differential CXCR4 31.3 basal cell carcinoma treatment 141.16 disorders 140.27–32 diagnosis 127.24 mutations 146.2 cryotherapy anaplastic large-cell lymphoma 140.29– hypopigmentation 88.44 cyanide toxicity 126.4 actinic keratosis treatment 142.8, 142.9 31 immunopathology techniques 3.25 cyanoacrylates, nail eczema 95.43 Bowen disease treatment 142.21, 142.22, Hodgkin disease differential management 142.24 diagnosis 140.49–50 extracorporeal peripheral (see acrocyanosis) squamous cell carcinoma subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell photochemotherapy 21.6 platinum toxicity 122.9 treatment 142.32 lymphoma 140.31–2 mechlorethamine therapy 18.27 cyclic haematopoiesis 148.17 wart treatment 25.52 treatment algorithm 140.28 novel therapies 140.3–4 bacterial infections 148.15 cryptococcal meningitis 31.27 see also PUVA 21.4 cyclohexylamine 96.42 cryptococcosis 32.92–3 cutaneous endometriosis 112.31 radiotherapy 24.16 cyclo-oxygenase (COX) genital 111.24 cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous UVB phototherapy 21.4 acne vulgaris pathology 90.18–19 HIV infection 31.27 nodule 137.29–30 molecular abnormalities 140.3 prostanoid synthesis 8.48–9 Kaposi sarcoma differential cutaneous graft-versus-host disease non-Hodgkin lymphoma cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors 8.49 diagnosis 31.29 extracorporeal association 140.5 cyclophosphamide oral lesions 110.54 photochemotherapy 21.6–7 pagetoid reticulosis 140.16–17 alopecia induction 120.5 Cryptococcus gattii 32.92, 32.93 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.6 peripheral 140.32–7 eosinophilic granulomatosis with Cryptococcus neoformans 32.92, 32.93 cutaneous horn 142.11–12 photodynamic therapy 22.7 polyangiitis 102.29 HIV infection 31.27 keratoacanthoma differential poikiloderma atrophicans granulomatosis with polyangiitis 102.27 cryptogenic-organizing pneumonia 53.9 diagnosis 142.35 vasculare 96.10 mucous membrane cryptosporidiosis, HIV infection 31.28 penile 111.29 post-transplant lymphoproliferative pemphigoid 109.33–4 crystal globulin vasculopathy 101.17 cutaneous larva migrans 33.18–19 disorder 140.47–8, 140.48 pemphigus treatment 50.8–9 crystal methamphetamine abuse 121.2 HIV infection 31.28 primary 140.2–27 systemic lupus erythematosus crystal violet 88.53 oral 110.72 PUVA 21.4 treatment 51.36 Ctenophalides canis 34.12 perineum/perianal region 113.12 radiotherapy 24.16 CYLD gene mutations 138.30 Ctenophalides felis 34.12, 34.13 cutaneous lupus mucinosis 59.13–14 secondary 140.46–7 basal cell carcinoma 141.5 CTSC gene mutations 65.61 cutaneous lymphoadenoma 138.12–13 skin cancer 146.12 cylindroadenocarcinoma 138.35–6 C-type lectins 8.15 cutaneous lymphocyte antigen 140.2 UVB phototherapy 21.4 cylindroma Cubozoa 131.1 cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia see variants 140.2 malignant 138.35–6 Culicidae 34.6 pseudolymphoma see also follicular mucinoses; mycosis scalp 138.30–1 Cullen’s sign 152.6 cutaneous meningioma 137.52 fungoides; primary cutaneous CYP2D6 gene mutations 141.3 cultural factors, diagnosis of skin cutaneous microvascular occlusion peripheral T-cell lymphoma; Sézary CYP3A4 disease 4.4 in sepsis with disseminated syndrome ciclosporin drug interactions 19.11 cultured skin substitute (CSS) 126.6 intravascular coagulation cutaneous–intestinal syndrome with colchicine drug interactions 19.13 curettage 20.44–5, 20.45 (DIC) 101.18 oro-pharyngeal ulceration 101.24 CYP4F2 gene mutations 65.11, 65.12 actinic keratosis treatment 142.8, 142.9 cutaneous mucinoses see mucinoses, cuticle removers 95.63 CYP21A2 gene mutations 90.5 Bowen disease treatment 142.21–2, cutaneous cutis hyperelastica see Ehlers–Danlos 142.22 cutaneous myoepithelioma 138.33–4 syndrome female pattern hair loss keratoacanthoma 142.35–6, 142.36 cutaneous myxoid cyst 137.62 cutis laxa 79.5–7 management 89.23 squamous cell carcinoma cutaneous neoplasms acquired 72.13, 96.19–20 hirsutism treatment 89.67–8 treatment 142.33 immunopathology 3.18–25 anetoderma association 96.22 papulopustular acne treatment 90.43 curlicue pattern 3.35 metastatic 3.23 autosomal dominant 72.11, 72.12, 72.13, sebaceous gland hyperplasia Curth’s angle 95.6 cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma see 79.6 treatment 93.13 Cushing disease Merkel cell carcinoma autosomal recessive 72.12, 72.13, side effects 89.68 acne association 90.5 cutaneous peripheral T-cell 79.6–7 cyst(s) ACTH-producing tumour 149.17 lymphoma 140.32–7 clinical features 72.11, 72.12, 72.13–14, cutaneous 134.1–5 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.12 see also primary cutaneous peripheral 96.19–20 epidermoid 134.1–2 facial changes 149.11 T-cell lymphoma congenital 96.19 mucinous vulval 112.29 Cushing syndrome cutaneous phobias 86.19–20 congenital disorders of retention 109.47–8 candidosis susceptibility 32.58 cutaneous rhabdomyosarcoma 137.58 glycosylation 81.10 sebaceous 134.1 familial partial lipodystrophy cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis definition 96.19 see also epidermoid cysts; milia; differential diagnosis 74.2 (CSVV) 102.5–8, 102.7 differential diagnosis 72.13 ; hirsutism 89.65 aetiological triggers 102.5 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome differential trichilemmal cysts hyperpigmentation 88.7, 88.18 clinical features 102.6–8 diagnosis 72.7, 72.14 cyst of Moll 109.47–8 periocular oedema 105.16 cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis differential epidemiology 72.11, 96.19 cyst of Zeiss 109.47, 109.48 purpura 101.5–6 diagnosis 102.17 genetics 96.19 cysteine protease 8.56 striae 96.9, 96.10 definition 102.5 inherited generalized 72.11, 72.12, cysteinyl leukotrienes 8.49 symptoms/signs 90.8 differential diagnosis 102.7 72.13–14 cystic fibrosis cutaneous aggressive epidermotropic epidemiology 102.5 investigations 72.14 acrodermatitis enteropathica 63.25 CD8+ T-cell lymphoma 140.32–3 erythema elevatum diutinum management 72.14 sweat electrolytes 94.4 cutaneous anaplastic large-cell differential diagnosis 102.9 Menkes disease differential cystic hygroma, Turner syndrome 105.35 lymphoma 140.1–2, 140.29–31 investigations 102.8 diagnosis 63.28 cysticercosis 33.30–1

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cytochrome P450 (CYPs) 14.3 contraindications 19.15 Darier–Roussy sarcoid 99.50 early-phase allergic response 8.58 drug interactions 14.8 dermatitis herpetiformis 50.54, 50.55 darkling beetles 34.29 HIV infection 31.5 drugs as pro-haptens 12.4 dermatological uses 19.13 daunorubicin, hyperpigmentation IFN actions 8.34–5 protease inhibitor effects 31.11 dose 19.15 induction 120.8 immature 8.29 cytodiagnosis 3.25–6 drug eruptions 31.17 day care 41.8 inflammation role 8.2 cytokeratin(s) 58.7 drug–drug interactions 19.15 D-dimer, venous malformation 73.11 maturation 8.35 immunopathology 3.18–19 eosinophilic pustular folliculitis De Barsy syndrome 79.6 non-Langerhans cell 8.29 cytokeratin 7 (CK-7), Paget disease treatment 93.8 De Lange syndrome see Cornelia de Lange plasmacytoid 8.29 diagnosis 3.19–20 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita syndrome T-reg actions 8.35 cytokeratin 20 (CK-20), Merkel cell treatment 50.46 deafness dendritiform keratopathy 109.40 carcinoma diagnosis 3.19 erythema elevatum diutinum keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness dendrocyte hamartoma, medallion-like cytokines 8.32 treatment 102.10 syndrome 65.30–2 dermal 116.10–11 antibodies causing hypersensitivity syndrome 19.15 periauricular cysts/sinuses 117.12 dendrolimiasis 34.31 immunodeficiency 148.16, 148.17 leprosy treatment 28.14, 28.15 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 dengue fever 25.73–4 anti-inflammatory 8.32, 8.35–6 linear IgA disease treatment 50.37, 50.38 death fever see leishmaniasis, visceral gingival bleeding 110.48 biological therapies against 19.29–32 monitoring 19.15 decision making, economic burden of measles differential diagnosis 25.85 cascades in bacterial infections 26.6 mucous membrane pemphigoid disease 6.9 mortality 5.8 expression by NK cells 8.16 treatment 109.33 decongestive lymphatic therapy (DLT) 105.9 dengue haemorrhagic fever 25.74 immune response role 8.32 papulopustular acne treatment 90.40 abdominal wall lymphoedema 105.21 dengue shock syndrome 25.74 immunity against ringworm 32.21 pemphigus treatment 50.9 genital lymphoedema 105.19 denileukin diftitox 140.26–7 inducible NOS regulation 8.46 pharmacological properties 19.13–14 trauma-induced lymphoedema 105.50 Dennie–Morgan fold 41.22 inflammation 8.2, 8.32, 8.33–4 pre-treatment screening 19.15 decorin 2.40 dental amalgam inhibitors 8.35–6 regimens 19.15 deep ‘aggressive’ angiomyxoma 137.64 lichen planus 37.3 keratinocyte function regulation 8.4–5 Sweet syndrome treatment 49.12 deep vein insufficiency 103.36 mercury toxicity 128.18 mast cell 8.21 urticarial vasculitis treatment 44.5 (DVT) 103.28–30, dentifrices, cheilitis 110.82–3 mutations 148.18 daptomycin 19.43 147.26 dentition 110.3–4 pro-inflammatory 8.32, 8.58 DARE database 17.6 causes 103.28, 103.29 dento-gingival junction 110.4 release by Langerhans cells 2.14 Darier disease 66.1–4, 66.5, 66.6–9 cellulitis differential diagnosis 26.20, denture(s), allergic reactions 128.18 signalling in macrophages in blistering 71.24 26.21 denture-induced hyperplasia 110.59 inflammatory dermatoses 8.23 classification 66.1 clinical features 103.29 denture-related stomatitis 110.69–70 suppressors 8.35–6 clinical features 66.3–4, 66.5, 66.6–9, definition 103.28 angular cheilitis association 110.80 tissue repair and metastatic spread 112.5 epidemiology 103.28 depigmentation role 147.5 carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 immobility-induced allergic contact dermatitis 128.60–1 wound healing 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 co-morbidities 66.7–9 lymphoedema 105.51 chemical 88.45–6 cytomegalovirus (CMV) 25.36–7 complications 66.7–9 investigations 103.29, 103.30 onchocerciasis 33.4–5 complications/comorbidities 25.37 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis management 103.29–30 radiotherapy-induced 120.14 congenital 25.36 differential diagnosis 87.7 pathophysiology 103.28–9 see also hypopigmentation neonatal lupus erythematosus cytodiagnosis 3.26 recurrent cellulitis differential depigmenting agents 18.28–9 differential diagnosis 116.13 definition 66.1, 112.5 diagnosis 105.12 depilatories 18.29 disseminated infection 25.36 differential diagnosis 66.4, 66.6, 112.5 risk factors 103.28 deposition disorders, malignancy epidemiology 25.36 disease course 66.9 Wells scoring system 103.29, 103.30 association 147.22–3 high-power microscopy 3.33 dyskeratosis 66.2 34.7 depression 11.1, 11.2, 11.3–4, 86.32–3 HIV infection 31.23–4 epidemiology 66.1, 112.5 defensins 2.12, 2.43, 8.13, 8.14, 26.5 acne vulgaris 90.34–5 immune restoration disease 31.24, 31.36 Flegel disease differential α-defensins 8.13, 8.14 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.9 infectious panniculitis 99.44 diagnosis 87.17 β-defensins 8.13 integrated management 11.8 investigations 25.37 genetic mutations 66.1–2 θ-defensins 8.13 isotretinoin association 86.34–5, 90.46–7 management 25.37 genital papular acantholytic defibrillators, implantable, skin lichen simplex association 39.30 oral lesions 110.51, 110.52 dyskeratosis differential problems 150.6 peno-scrotodynia association 84.8 papular-pruritic gloves and socks diagnosis 112.43 deficiency of interleukin 1 receptor pyoderma gangrenosum syndrome 25.87 Hailey–Hailey disease differential antagonist (DIRA) 45.7 association 49.2 perineum/perianal region 113.11 diagnosis 66.12 acne association 154.10 seborrhoeic dermatitis association 40.4 primary mononucleosis 25.36 investigations 66.9 deficiency of interleukin 36 receptor solar urticaria association 127.23 systemic sclerosis 56.11 keratosis pilaris differential antagonist (DITRA) 45.8, 45.11 vulvodynia association 84.8 vulval lesions 112.28 diagnosis 87.10 Degos acanthoma see clear cell acanthoma xeroderma pigmentosum 78.6 cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis 99.58–9 lichen striatus differential (malignant atrophic Dercum disease 74.8, 100.15–17 cytotoxic agents diagnosis 37.20 papulosis) 101.23–4, 111.18 benign symmetrical lipomatosis topical 18.26–8 longitudinal erythronychia 95.15 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.25 differential diagnosis 100.15 see also chemotherapy management 66.9, 112.5 dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 145.18, clinical features 100.16–17 cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 149.18 epidemiology 100.15–16 4 (CTLA-4) 143.30 radiotherapy 24.6 prepubertal acne 90.61 investigations 100.17 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) 8.27, mosaicism 66.4, 66.6 delayed hypersensitivity 8.60 lipoedema differential 8.31, 31.5 nail lichen planus differential drug reactions 41.32 diagnosis 105.31–2 erythema multiforme 47.4, 47.5 diagnosis 95.45 erythema induratum of Bazin 99.27 management 100.17 melanocyte-specific 88.36 nails 95.43 erythema multiforme 47.2 obesity association 100.15, 100.26 neuropsychiatric features 66.8–9 see also erythema nodosum pathophysiology 100.16 D nomenclature 66.1 delayed tests 4.24, 4.25 variants 100.16 dabrafenib 143.32 oral lesions 110.17 deliberate self-harm 86.30–1 , actinic keratosis dacarbazine, melanoma treatment 143.34 pathophysiology 66.1–3 Delleman syndrome 137.58 treatment 142.11 dactylitis differential deltanoids 18.23–6 dermal artefact 86.27 sarcoid 98.12 diagnosis 50.7 delusional beliefs 86.4–10 dermal deposits, histological sections 3.39 chronic 154.8 presentation 66.3–4, 66.5, 66.6, 66.7 infestations 86.4–7, 86.8 dermal erythropoiesis 116.20 syphilitic 29.30, 29.31 prognosis 66.9 Morgellons syndrome 86.9–10 dermal mucinoses 59.2–15 Dandy–Walker syndrome, facial radiotherapy 24.6 olfactory 86.8–9 cutaneous focal mucinosis 59.14–15 haemangiomas 110.15 scrotal squamous cell carcinoma 111.20 Demodex digital myxoid cyst 59.15, 59.16 dapsone 18.10, 19.13–15 seborrhoeic dermatitis differential HIV infection 31.28 lichen myxoedematosus 59.2–8 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 diagnosis 40.4 rosacea association 91.4, 91.5 myxoedema in thyroid disease 59.11–13 acne fulminans treatment 90.53 severity classification 66.6–7 Demodex folliculorum 34.52–4, 109.10, papular and nodular mucinosis in adverse effects 19.14–15 spiny keratoderma differential 109.13 connective tissue disease 59.13–14 anti-p200 pemphigoid treatment 50.40–1 diagnosis 65.52 Demodicidae 34.52–4 reticular erythematosus α1-antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis association 123.21 dendrite surveillance extension and mucinosis 59.8–9 treatment 99.43 treatment ladder 66.9 retraction cycling habitude scleredema 59.9–11 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus variants 66.4, 66.7, 66.8 (dSEARCH) 2.14 self-healing cutaneous mucinosis 59.14 treatment 50.48, 50.49, 51.26 vulval 112.5 dendritic cell disorders 136.1, 136.2–8 dermal nerve sheath myxoma 137.50 cautions 19.15 Darier sign 46.4, 46.5, 46.7 dendritic cells 2.15 dermal non-neural granular cell comedonal acne treatment 90.40 pruritus 83.8 antigen presentation 8.28 tumour 137.62–3

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 22 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 23

dermal pigmentation, laser bullous systemic lupus erythematosus malignancy association 147.19–20 flagellate 120.8 treatment 23.14 differential diagnosis 50.48 management 53.11–12 internal malignancy association 147.18– dermal–epidermal junction 2.2, 2.21 clinical features 50.53–4 muscle 24 barrier 129.3 complications/co-morbidities 50.54 histopathology 53.3, 53.4 perforating 96.49–53 hemidesomosomes 2.25 cytodiagnosis 3.26 investigations 53.11 photoaggravated 127.1, 127.31 Dermanyssidae 34.52 definition 50.52 signs 53.8 pigmented purpuric 101.8–10 dermatitis diabetes associations 64.4 nail fold 53.5–6 prurigo nodularis 83.19 arsenical 122.2, 122.3 diagnosis 50.54 panniculitis association 53.8, 99.36, 99.38 pruritus 83.8–9 beryllium 122.8 dietary gluten 50.53 pathophysiology 53.2–3 rosacea relationship 91.15–19 caterpillar 34.30 disease course 50.54 periocular oedema 105.16 dermatosis papulosa nigricans 133.3, chronic acral 39.14 epidemiology 50.52–3 pigmentation 88.21 133.4, 133.5 chronic superficial scaly 39.26–7 gluten-sensitive enteropathy presentation 53.3–9 eyelid 109.48 development 128.9 association 50.52–3 prognosis 53.10 dermcidin 26.5 exfoliative 39.30–5 immunopathology 3.18 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.52 Dermestidae 34.30 in Hodgkin disease 140.49 immunostaining 110.46 respiratory disease association 151.2 dermis 2.2, 13.1 malignancy association 147.23 investigations 50.54 respiratory features 53.8–9 blood supply 2.2 eyelids 39.21 iodine exposure 50.53 severity classification 53.10 cell–cell adhesion during gangrenosa infantum 26.83–4 lichen planopilaris association 37.12 skin histopathology 53.3 inflammation 8.9–13 granulomatous periorificial of linear IgA disease differential skin signs 53.3–8 development 2.5 childhood 91.18, 91.19 diagnosis 50.36 telogen effluvium 89.26 embryonic 2.3–4 periorificial dermatitis differential malignancy association 147.22 variants 53.9–10 extracellular matrix 2.27–8 diagnosis 91.18 management 50.54, 50.55 see also juvenile dermatomyositis; mixed immune surveillance 2.15 haemosiderosis 88.49 nomenclature 50.52 connective tissue disease inflammation cellular components 8.6 halo 39.27–8 oral ulceration 110.42 dermatopathia pigmentosa mechanical function 123.5 infective 39.22–4 pathophysiology 50.53 reticularis 70.13–14 resident T cells 2.15 HTLV-1-associated of children 39.24 prognosis 50.54 dermatopathology 3.1 dermographism 42.8–10 interdigital 39.17 recurrent cutaneous necrotizing artefacts 3.27–8 black 42.10 lichenoid 37.14–15 eosinophilic vasculitis differential descriptive terms 3.33–9 cholinergic 42.10 localized, Compositae allergy 128.52 diagnosis 102.11 histological sections revealing little/no cold urticaria association 42.11 lower legs 39.18–21 subcorneal pustular dermatosis abnormality 3.39–40 delayed 42.10 nails 95.44 differential diagnosis 49.15 histopathology skin report 3.33 diagnosis 123.3 non-infectious 140.36 34.11–12 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 34.48 genital 111.36 nummular 39.7–9, 39.14 137.19–21 dermato-pharmacokinetic (DPK) method symptomatic 42.8–10 chronic superficial scaly dermatitis surgery 20.46 for topical products 13.7 urticaria 42.14, 47.9–10, 47.11 differential diagnosis 39.27 dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans white 41.14, 42.10 clinical features 39.8–9 (DFSP) 3.21–2, 137.14–16 adherence to keratinocytes 32.21 dermoid cysts 110.10, 113.4, 117.12 definition 39.7 clinical features 137.15 allergic response 32.50–1 genital 111.27 differential diagnosis 39.8–9 definition 137.14 anthropophilic 32.19–20 dermopanniculosis deformans 100.23 epidemiology 39.7 epidemiology 137.14 biology 32.20–2 dermoscopy 4.20–1 infection 39.8 fibrosarcomatous 137.15 classification 32.18 melanoma 144.1, 144.2, 144.5, 144.6–7, investigations 39.9 keloid differential diagnosis 96.48 epidermis invasion 32.21 144.7. 144.8, 144.9, 144.10–12 lower leg 39.20 management 137.15–16 geophilic 32.19 naevi 144.1–2 management 39.9 pathophysiology 137.14–15 immunity against 32.21–2 scabies mite identification 4.22 pathophysiology 39.7–8 radiotherapy 24.14 onychomycosis 32.47–9 short-term digital dermoscopic pityriasis alba differential dermatofibrosis lenticularis parasitism 32.20–1 monitoring 144.5 diagnosis 39.25 pseudoxanthoma elasticum differential penetration 32.21 deroofing, hidradenitis suppurativa variants 39.8 diagnosis 72.30 perineum/perianal region 113.11 management 92.10 passivata 86.29 see also Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome remote reaction 39.27 descending perineum syndrome 113.32 perioral 18.7, 90.29 dermatological health services superficial mycoses caused by 32.35–51 desmin 3.21 perioral/periorificial facial 91.17–18 research 5.10–12 32.19 desmocollin(s) 2.18 papulopustular rosacea differential available services 5.11–12 zoophilic 32.19, 32.20 desmocollin 3 71.5 diagnosis 91.11, 91.18 needs assessment 5.11 dermatophytide reactions 32.50–1, 39.27 desmoglein(s) 2.18, 2.19 photodynamic therapy 22.13 need/supply/demand relationship 5.12 dermatophytosis 32.18–35 desmoglein compensation hypothesis 50.2 photosensitivity 127.13 dermatological non-disease, genital 111.36 co-morbidities 32.22 desmoglein 1 50.2, 50.3, 65.50, 71.5 Pyometes mites 34.49 dermatological pathomimicry 86.28–9 erythema annulare centrifugum 47.9 desmoglein 3 50.2–3, 50.3 retinoid 90.46, 90.48 Dermatology Life Quality Index erythroderma 39.33 desmoplakin 71.3, 71.10, 71.24 schistosomiasis 33.25 (DLQI) 6.4, 16.4, 16.5, 16.6 hand eczema 39.17 Carvajal–Huerta syndrome 65.56 simulate 86.28 dermatomyofibroma 137.8 HIV infection 31.26 striate palmoplantar keratoderma 65.50 stasis 39.19 dermatomyositis 53.1–12, 147.19–20 children 31.35 desmoplasia 3.35 vegetans 26.83 acanthosis nigricans association 88.21 identification 32.23, 32.24–5, 32.25–8, desmoplastic fibroblastoma 137.12 see also allergic contact dermatitis; allergic contact dermatitis differential 32.29–30, 32.30–2 desmoplastic 138.10–11 atopic eczema (dermatitis); diagnosis 128.61 immunity against 32.21–2 desmosine 2.35 contact dermatitis; eczema; hand amyopathic 53.1, 147.20 Kaposi sarcoma differential desmosomes 2.18–19 eczema; irritant contact dermatitis; systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis 31.29 desquamation 2.7 photoallergic contact dermatitis differential diagnosis 51.27 Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential en aires 39.15 dermatitis artefacta 86.23–8 antisynthetase antibodies 151.3 diagnosis 136.6 neonates 116.3 acné excoriée differential autoantibody specificity 147.20 leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11 detergent 128.17 diagnosis 86.16 cardiac involvement 150.4 lower leg eczema differential barrier disruption 129.3 with artefact of patch tests 86.26 classification 53.1 diagnosis 39.20 exposure reduction regulations 128.2 cicatricial pemphigoid differential clinical features 53.3–10 management 32.32–5 detergent acne 90.17 diagnosis 50.51 clinically amyopathic 53.1, 53.9 pathophysiology 32.22–3 Dettol 128.38–9 clinical features 86.24–7 complications/co-morbidities 53.10 physiological tests 32.23 Deuteromycota 28.3, 28.5, 32.3, 32.5 complications/co-morbidities 86.27 definition 53.1 prevention 32.32–3 developmental abnormalities 75.19–23, epidemiology 86.23 differential diagnosis 53.10 pseudofolliculitis differential 117.12–13 of genitalia 111.8 disease course 53.10 diagnosis 93.2 ano-genital region 113.4 investigations 86.27 drug-induced 53.9–10 psoriasis differential diagnosis 31.15 fistulae, hidradenitis suppurativa management 86.28 epidemiology 53.2 therapeutic agents 32.33–4 differential diagnosis 113.21 pathophysiology 86.23–4 eyelids 53.5 topical therapy 32.33, 32.34 see also naevi, congenital; named variants 86.25–7 face 53.4–5 failures 32.34–5 congenital conditions Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) histopathology 53.3 dermatoporosis, ageing of skin 96.1, 155.9 Devon colic 122.4–5 Questionnaire 16.7 hypertrichosis 89.63 dermatoses diabetes 64.1–7 dermatitis herpetiformis 5.10, 50.52–4, hypomyopathic 53.1 affecting nails 95.38–46 association 96.25 50.55 inclusion body 53.1 corticosteroid-induced rosacea- alopecia areata association 89.29 bullous pemphigoid differential investigations 53.10–11 like 91.16–17 benign symmetrical lipomatosis diagnosis 50.21 lichen planus association 37.13 eye 109.1–5 association 100.14

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diabetes (continued) skin testing techniques 4.23–5 dilated cardiomyopathy, neonatal lupus otitis externa association 108.16 bullae 64.7, 87.28, 87.29 social factors 4.4–5 erythematosus 51.38 pathophysiology 51.3, 51.4, 89.40–1 calluses 123.7 symptoms 4.2–3 diltiazem pinna 108.13, 108.14 control 85.6 teledermatology 4.25–6 acute generalized exanthematous predisposing factors 51.3 cutaneous complications 149.14 travel history 4.4 pustulosis predisposition 119.2, primary immunodeficiency 82.3 dermopathy 64.2 diagnostic criteria 4.1–2, 5.4–5 119.4 prognosis 51.10 disease associations 64.4 diagnostic tests, clinical trials 17.15–16 cutaneous sclerosis induction 96.43 severity classification 51.9–10 dyslipidaemia 62.11 dialysis see haemodialysis dimethylfumarate 19.16 tattoo association 123.21 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.11, diascopy 4.19 dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 129.3, 129.4 differential diagnosis 32.42 149.11, 149.13, 149.14 diastematomyelia, lumbosacral penetration enhancer 18.7, 18.8 variants 51.7–9 association 26.39 hypertrichosis 89.62 dimeticone 18.13 disfigurement, diagnosis 4.3 familial partial lipodystrophy diazolidinyl urea 128.34 dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) 128.5, 128.6, dissecting cellulitis of scalp 92.2, 107.8–9 association 74.2 diclofenac 128.7 disseminate and recurrent fat hypertrophy 100.12 actinic keratosis treatment 142.8, 142.9, mucous membrane application 128.18 infundibulofolliculitis 93.6–7 Flegel disease association 87.17 146.15 sensitivity capacity 128.10 disseminated Calmette–Guérin furunculosis 26.23–4 Bowen disease treatment 142.23 sensitizing agent use 18.30 infection 31.35 genetic syndromes 64.4 topical 18.26–7 Diogenes syndrome 86.29 disseminated gonococcal infection granulomatous disorders 64.5–6 Dictyoptera 34.30 dioxins 130.11 (DGI) 30.3, 30.4, 30.6 hyperlipidaemia-related skin didanosine, drug eruptions 31.18 chloracne 90.58 prognosis 30.7 disease 64.3 dietary factors 5.10 intoxication 90.58 disseminated intravascular coagulation infections 64.3 acne vulgaris 90.13, 90.14–15 management 90.59 (DIC) insulin sensitivity 99.5 atopic eczema 41.7 dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) 8.42 antiphospholipid syndrome differential interstitial granulomatous dermatosis diagnosis of skin disease 4.3 diphencyprone, sensitizing agent diagnosis 52.2 association 154.14 see also food(s) use 18.30 haemorrhage 101.18 lichen planus 37.13 diethylcarbamazine diphenhydramine 18.33 thrombophlebitis migrans 103.32 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis loiasis treatment 33.11 26.37, 26.38–9 disseminated lichenoid papular association 136.24 lymphatic filariasis treatment 33.9, cutaneous 26.38, 26.39 dermatosis of AIDS 95.45 necrobiosis lipoidica association 64.5, 105.45 faucial 26.38 disseminated superficial actinic 97.8 streptocerciasis treatment 33.6, 33.7 toxins 26.38, 26.39 porokeratosis (DSAP) 65.67, 87.18, neurological damage 64.2 visceral larva migrans treatment 33.20 umbilical infection 116.25 87.19, 87.20, 87.21, 142.14–16 obesity 64.3 Dietzia papillomatosis 87.6 diploid/triploid mosaicism 74.5 clinical features 142.15–16 palmar fascial fibromatosis 96.31 diffuse alveolar damage 53.9 diploidy 7.5 definition 142.14 palmoplantar pustulosis diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis Diplopoda 34.54–5 differential diagnosis 142.16 association 35.38 syndrome (DILS) 154.3 Diptera 34.6–12 epidemiology 142.15 perforating dermatosis 96.49, 96.50, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 140.37, classification 34.6–7 genetics 142.15 96.51 140.41–3 diseases 34.6 investigations 142.16 pruritus 83.12 clinical features 140.42–3 clinical features 34.7–8 management 142.16 differential diagnosis 113.5 definition 140.41 management 34.8 pathophysiology 142.15 pseudoscars 96.12 epidemiology 140.42 pathology 34.7 variants 142.16 psoriasis association 35.21 immunophenotype 140.42 see also disseminated superficial porokeratosis pyoderma gangrenosum investigations 140.43 Dipylidium caninum, enterobiasis of childhood 65.67–8 association 49.2 management 140.38, 140.43 differential diagnosis 33.14 of immunosuppression 65.67 scleredema association 59.9, 59.10 pathophysiology 140.42 direct immunofluorescence (DIF) dissociation constant, irritants 129.3 toxic shock syndrome association 26.30 systemic lupus erythematosus technique 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 distress 11.2 treatment-related skin association 147.21 dirofilariasis 33.22 beliefs role 11.2–3 manifestations 64.4 diffuse lymphangiomatosis 137.41 dirt phobias 86.20 emotional 11.3 type 1, dermatitis herpetiformis diffuse neurofibroma 137.49 disability 86.4 management 11.2 association 50.53 diffuse plane xanthomatosis 136.18, 136.19 caused by skin disease 5.5 psoriasis 11.6 vascular damage 64.1–2 DiGeorge syndrome 82.8, 148.17 years lost to 5.6–7 dithranol 18.35 wound healing 10.9 candidosis association 148.14 disability adjusted life years (DALYs) 6.3, hair pigmentary changes 89.71 see also neuropathic ulcer digestive system disorders 152.1–9 6.4 plaque psoriasis 35.24 diabetes insipidus, Langerhans cell gastrointestinal bleeding 152.7 disabling pansclerotic morphoea of side effects 18.35, 18.36 histiocytosis association 136.5 intestine 152.1–4 children 99.13 diuretics, pruritus induction 83.12 diabetic dermopathy 96.12 oesophagus 152.1–4 discoid dermatitis 142.20 DMDM hydantoin 128.35 diabetic embryopathy syndrome 108.3 stomach 152.1–4 discoid lupus erythematosus DNA 7.1, 7.2 diabetic foot 64.2 systemic disease association 152.6–9 (DLE) 51.1–11, 89.40–1 free fetal 7.10 wound healing 10.9 digger’s itch 131.2 acquired cicatricial alopecia 89.36 hypermethylation 7.6 diabetic thick skin 96.42 digit(s) actinic keratosis differential methylation 7.5, 7.6 diabetic ulcers 85.4–7 acral fibromyxoma 137.62 diagnosis 142.4 polymorphisms 7.6 healing 10.2 camptodactyly 96.37–8 annular atrophic plaques 51.5 replication 7.5 diagnosis 4.1 constricting bands of the associated diseases 51.2–3 DNA damage additional clinical examination 4.19–26 extremities 96.43–5 chronic blepharitis 109.12 basal cell carcinoma 141.3 simple 4.18–19 fibrous nodules 96.40 cicatricial alopecia 89.40, 89.41 induction 9.8 cultural factors 4.4 fused classification 51.1–2 repair 9.5–6 data collation 4.2 in Kindler syndrome 71.19 clinical features 51.4–5, 51.4–10, 89.41 failure in xeroderma dietary factors 4.3 in recessive generalized severe definition 51.2 pigmentosum 9.6 disease definition 4.1–2 dystrophic epidermolysis differential diagnosis 51.9 tanning association 88.9 distribution of lesions 4.6 bullosa 71.17 disease course 51.10 UVR exposure 9.13 duration of symptoms 4.3 necrotic in herpes simplex virus disseminated 51.6–7 DNA markers 7.8–9 ethnicity 4.4 (HSV) 31.22 epidemiology 51.2–3 DNA repair disorders 78.1–12, 82.11 evolution of symptoms 4.3 systemic sclerosis 56.13, 56.18, 56.21 erythema multiforme differential ataxia telangiectasia 78.11 examination of skin 4.5 ulceration in systemic sclerosis 56.4, diagnosis 47.5 Fanconi anaemia 78.11 family history 4.4 56.13, 56.18 follicular mucinosis association 107.7 see also Cockayne syndrome; history taking 4.2 see also fingers; toe(s) frontal fibrosing alopecia trichothiodystrophy; xeroderma imaging 4.20–2 digital ischaemia association 89.39 pigmentosum internet use 4.26 malignancy association 147.24 genetic factors 51.4 DNA viruses 25.2–3, 25.4 leisure factors 4.4 paraneoplastic 147.24 immunostaining 110.46 DOCK8 deficiency 82.9–10 medications 4.3 digital mucous cyst 137.62 investigations 51.10 DOCK8 gene mutations 146.2 occupational factors 4.4 digital myxoid cyst 59.15, 59.16 lichen planus of nails 95.45 bites 131.5–6 presenting complaint 4.2–5 digital myxoid pseudocyst 95.24–5, lip manifestations 110.88 dolutegravir 31.10 psychological factors 4.4–5 95.26 localized disease 51.4–5 dominant/recessive dystrophic bullous quality of life 4.5 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase 18.26 lymphocytoma cutis differential dermolysis of the newborn 71.14, radiological examination 4.22 dihydrotestosterone (DHT), male diagnosis 135.9 71.15–16 skin lesion description 4.5–17 balding 89.17 management 19.5, 51.10–11, 89.41 donkeys, glanders infection 26.53–4 skin palpation 4.17–18 dihydroxyacetone 18.35 mixed lichen planus pattern 37.9, 37.18 donor-derived cells, skin cancer 146.9

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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Donovan bodies 30.25 medical decision making 14.6–7 granuloma annulare 97.2 infection-related danger signalling 12.4 donovanosis medication errors 14.8–10 hair pigmentary changes 89.71 non-hapten actions 12.4–5 HIV infection 31.22 metabolism 14.3 HIV infection 31.17–20, 31.34 pharmacological interaction with perineum/perianal region 113.12 molecular weight 13.3–4, 13.5 children 31.35 immune receptors 12.5 dopamine agonists, restless legs syndrome novel methods of delivery 14.2–3 mechanisms 31.18 pro-hapten action 12.4 management 85.17 oral administration 14.2 hypermelanosis 88.25–30 T-cell-mediated 12.2–4 dopamine, hair follicle effects 149.15 parenteral administration 14.2 hypertrichosis 89.62, 89.63 toxic erythema of chemotherapy Dowling–Degos disease 70.3, 70.14 permeability coefficients 13.3 topical medications 89.63 differential diagnosis 120.2 Darier disease differential personalized 14.10 immunological 12.1–6 (see also drug drug(s), illicit 121.1–4 diagnosis 66.4 pharmacodynamics 14.3–6 hypersensitivity) injecting 121.3–4 hidradenitis suppurativa clinical factors affecting 14.7–8 clinical phenotype 12.5–6 see also heroin use; injecting drug abuse association 92.2 pharmacogenetics 14.10–11 HLA allel association 12.5 drug reaction with eosinophilia and transient acantholytic dermatosis pharmacokinetics 14.1–3 immunosuppressive drug therapy- systemic symptoms (DRESS) 12.3, differential diagnosis 87.23 clinical factors affecting 14.7–8 induced skin cancer 146.3–4, 12.5, 12.6, 25.37, 119.4–11 vulval lesions 112.21–2 pharmacovigilance registries 14.6 146.6–7 acute generalized exanthematous Down syndrome 76.1–2, 108.3 phase I and II reactions 14.3 lichen planus 37.3 pustulosis differential elastosis perforans serpiginosa polar gel formulations 13.5 lichenoid 118.9–11 diagnosis 119.4 association 96.52, 96.53 pre-clinical identification 14.11 lichen planus differential allopurinol 119.5, 119.8, 154.10 fissured tongue 110.21 pregnancy effects on therapeutic diagnosis 112.11 antiretroviral therapy effect 31.10 lip fissures 110.88 outcome 14.7–8 liver disease association 152.9 antirheumatic therapies 154.14–15 macroglossia 110.60 product labelling 14.10 localized lipoatrophy with injected autoantibodies 119.10 microtia 108.4 receptor binding 14.3–4 drugs 100.9–11 classification 119.7–8 oral lesions 110.24 regulatory approval 14.12 Lyme disease differential clinical features 119.7–10 doxepin 18.33 skin colouration 4.13 diagnosis 26.70 complications/co-morbidities 119.10 solar urticaria 127.23 solubility 13.3–4, 13.5 maculopapular 118.1 definition 119.4–5 doxorubicin specificity of receptor binding 14.3 morbiliform 118.1 diagnostic criteria 119.9 drug eruptions 31.18 spermatogenesis effects 14.8 morphoea 57.11 differential diagnosis 119.10 nail colouration 95.14 subcutaneous administration 14.2 multiple minute digitate keratoses 87.17 disease course 119.10 doxycycline terminology 14.1, 14.2 nail colour changes 95.14 drug eruptions 31.17, 31.18, 31.18 α1-antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis topical nail shedding 95.8 drug-induced exanthem differential treatment 99.43 allergic contact dermatitis 128.27–9, neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis 94.14, diagnosis 118.2, 118.3 onchocerciasis treatment 33.6 128.30, 128.31 148.7 epidemiology 119.5 D-penicillamine sensitization avoidance 128.29 ocular 109.43, 109.45–7 genetics 119.6–7 adverse reactions 154.15 systemic reactions 128.28–9 ocular mucous membrane haptenization theory 119.5 copper deficiency 2.36 toxicity 14.5–6 pemphigoid 109.29 head and neck oedema 119.8 dracunculiasis 33.11–13 transmembrane mechanisms 14.4–5 older people 14.7 herpesvirus reactivation 119.6 clinical features 33.11–12 transporters onycholysis 95.10 investigations 119.11 definition 33.11 gene polymorphisms 14.10 oral hyperpigmentation 110.66–7 management 119.5, 119.10–11 epidemiology 33.11 interactions 14.8 oral lesions 110.55–6 overlap syndromes 119.9–10 investigations 33.12 types 14.1 oral manifestations 110.89 pathophysiology 119.5–7 management 33.12–13 vehicles 128.40–2 paronychia 95.36 prognosis 119.10 nomenclature 33.11 volume of distribution 14.3 pemphigus 50.4 severity classification 119.10 pathophysiology 33.11 see also adherence to treatment; adverse penile 111.19 variants 119.9–10 Dracunculus medinensis 33.11, 33.13 events; clinical trials; topical drug perineum/perianal region 113.8, 113.9 drug-induced baboon syndrome life cycle 33.12 delivery photosensitivity 127.26–30 see symmetrical drug-related DRESS see drug reaction with eosinophilia drug abuse phototoxic 120.10–11 intertriginous and flexural and systemic symptoms (DRESS) cannabis 121.1–2 pityriasis lichenoides differential exanthem (SDRIFE) drilling fluid, perforating dermatosis 96.51 cocaine 121.2–3 diagnosis 135.5 drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome drug(s) heroin use 121.3 25.90, 118.14–15 (DIHS) see drug reaction with absorption 14.2–3 Clostridium sordelli association 26.48 differential diagnosis 25.91–2 eosinophilia and systemic active pharmaceutical ingredient 13.6 see also injecting drug abuse pruritus 83.12, 118.3–4 symptoms (DRESS) administration routes 14.2–3 drug eruptions/reactions 14.5–6 psoriasis 35.4 drummer’s digit 123.12 affinity for receptor binding 14.3 abnormal platelet function 101.3 differential diagnosis 31.15 dry skin, atopic eczema association 41.23 age effects 14.7 acanthosis nigricans 87.4 pustular 119.1–4 DSG1 gene mutations 65.50 bioavailability 13.5–7 acne vulgaris 90.10–12 scarlet fever differential diagnosis 26.36 DSP gene mutations 65.50, 65.56 bioequivalence 13.5–7 acneform 118.16–17 seborrhoeic dermatitis differential Duane retraction syndrome, biological activation 14.5 acquired ichthyoses 65.41 diagnosis 40.4 microtia 108.4 choice 14.6–7 acute generalized exanthematous secondary dyslipidaemia 62.11 Dubowitz syndrome, keloid clinical pharmacology 14.1–12 pustulosis 12.3, 119.1–4 serum sickness-like reactions 118.8–9 association 96.47 conception effects on therapeutic allergic 14.5 severe cutaneous adverse reaction dum-dum fever see leishmaniasis, outcome 14.7 allergic contact dermatitis 128.12, 128.13 (SCAR) syndromes 119.1, 119.4 visceral cream formulations 13.5 differential diagnosis 128.62 skin-test reactivity 128.6 dumping syndrome flush 106.8 development 14.11–12 anaphylaxis 118.6–8 solar urticaria differential Dupuytren contracture 96.31–3, 137.13 diagnosis of skin disease 4.3 angio-oedema 118.6–8 diagnosis 127.22 camptodactyly differential distribution 14.3 ano-genital region 128.17 spontaneous reporting 14.6 diagnosis 96.38 dose relationship with outcome 14.6–7 benign 118.1–18 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 47.3 keloid association 96.47 excipients 128.40–2 cheilitis 110.83–4 subacute cutaneous lupus knuckle pad association 96.34 excretion 14.3 complex regional pain syndrome erythematosus 51.12 dyes extracellular mechanisms 14.4 association 85.13 Sweet syndrome 49.6, 49.7, 49.9, 148.6 clothing 128.46–7 factors affecting therapeutic conjunctival cicatrization 109.27 symmetrical drug-related intertriginous disperse 128.46–7 outcome 14.6–11 delayed hypersensitivity 41.32 and flexural exanthem 118.4, see also hair cosmetics, dyes fertility effects 14.8 dermatomyositis 53.9–10 118.5–6 dynamic psychotherapies 86.39–40 fragrances in 128.26 eccrine glands 94.14 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.19 dynorphins 83.6 genetic variations in targets 14.10 eczema 118.4–5 systemically reactivated allergic contact dysaesthesia hydrocarbon-based formulations 13.5 erythema multiforme 47.3, 47.4 dermatitis 128.58–9 genital 111.36 hydrophilic 14.4–5 topical medications 47.4 telogen effluvium 89.27 inflammation 8.1–2 idiosyncratic reactions 14.5 erythema nodosum 19.20, 99.18, 99.20, topical medications in erythema mood stabilizers 86.38 interactions 14.8, 19.2 118.15–16 multiforme 47.4 scalp 107.14 intracellular mechanisms 14.4, 14.5 erythroderma 39.31, 39.33 urticarial 42.5, 42.14, 42.16, 47.7, 118.6–8 dysaesthetic syndromes 84.1 intrinsic activity 14.3–4 erythromelalgia 103.7 see also fixed drug eruptions (FDEs); dyschromatoses 70.1, 70.3, 70.15–16 lactation effects on therapeutic 31.18, 118.1–3 Stevens–Johnson syndrome; toxic chemical peels 159.5, 159.8, 159.9, 159.13 outcome 14.8 exogenous photosensitizers 127.27 epidermal necrolysis (TEN) symmetrica hereditaria 70.3, 70.15–16 licensing procedures 14.11, 14.12 flushing induction 106.2 drug hypersensitivity universalis hereditaria 70.3, 70.16 lipophilicity 13.3–4, 13.5 generalized exfoliative hapten action 12.4 see also pigmentary disorders mechanisms underlying actions 14.4–5 dermatitis 118.17–18, 119.11–12 IgE-mediated 12.1–2 dyskeratosis 3.35–6

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dyskeratosis congenita 69.12–15, 70.12–13, chromosomal abnormality anhidrosis 94.10–12 definition 67.1, 67.2–3 77.1–4, 82.12, 147.13–14 association 108.3 drug reactions 94.14 epidemiology 67.6 acquired poikiloderma 96.10 congenital ichthyoses 65.39 with eccrine gland inclusions 94.14, focal facial dermal dysplasia 67.25–6 associated allelic disorders 77.4 contusion 108.6–7 94.15 genetics 67.6–7, 67.10 classification 70.3, 77.1 developmental defects 108.3–6 hyperhidrosis 94.4–10 hidrotic 67.21–2 (see also Clouston clinical features 69.13–15, 77.2, 77.3–4, earlobe creases 108.6 hypohidrosis 94.10–12 syndrome) 147.13 elastotic nodules 96.3–4 milaria 94.12–13 plantar keratoderma differential definition 77.1 examination 108.3 neutrophilic eccrine diagnosis 69.12 diagnosis 77.4 granuloma fissuratum 123.13–14 hidradenitis 94.13–14 hypohidrotic 67.1, 67.7–8, 67.11–15 epidemiology 146.2 haematoma 108.6–7, 123.16 ducts 94.2 ankyloblepharon–ectodermal gene mutations 69.13, 147.13–14 hair developmental anomalies 108.6 dermal tumour 138.25 defect–cleft lip/palate syndrome genetics 77.1–3 hypohidrotic ectodermal hidroacanthoma simplex 138.25 differential diagnosis 67.16 genital 111.7 dysplasia 67.13, 67.14 milaria 116.5 clinical features 67.11, 67.12–13 investigations 69.15, 77.4 infections 108.11, 108.15–22 poroma 138.25–6 complications/co-morbidities 67.14 Kindler syndrome differential juvenile spring eruption 127.9 syringofibroadenoma 138.26–7 definition 67.11 diagnosis 71.19 keloid on lobe 96.46 syringoma 138.27–8 differential diagnosis 67.14 malignancy association 147.14 length 108.6 epithelioma 138.38 epidemiology 67.11–12 management 69.15, 77.4 low-set 108.5 hair-bearing sites 2.44 nomenclature 67.11 nail lichen planus differential malignancy 108.23–7 hamartomas 138.23–9 pathophysiology 67.12 diagnosis 95.45 malignant external otitis 26.52 hidradenocarcinoma 138.36 severity classification 67.14 oral lesions 110.17–18 microbiology 108.2 hidradenoma 138.29–30 variants 67.13 pathophysiology 69.13, 77.1–3 nerve supply 108.2 hidrocystoma 138.24 X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal prognosis 77.4 periauricular anomalies 108.5 intraepidermal sweat unit 94.2 dysplasia with immunodeficiency variants 69.15 periauricular cysts/sinuses 117.12 microcystic adnexal carcinoma 138.37–8 differential diagnosis 67.11 dyslipidaemias petrified 108.27 mixed tumour of the skin 138.32–3 molecular pathways 67.6 classification 62.1, 62.2 physiology 108.1–2 neonates 116.2 mutations in TNF-like/NF-κβ signalling combined 62.7–8 piercing 108.7–8, 108.8, 128.16 papillary adenoma 138.28–9 pathways 67.7–8 cutaneous features 62.2–11 complication prevention 108.8 physiology 94.2–4 nomenclature 67.1 diabetes 62.11 complications 108.7–8 pregnancy 115.2 palmoplantar 65.61–3 drug eruptions 62.11 pinna shape variation 108.5–6 secretory coil 94.2, 94.3 pathophysiology 67.6–10 insulin resistance 62.11 pre-malignant neoplasms 108.23 sodium pump 94.2 scrotal cribriform atrophy 111.7 primary 62.6–10 pseudocyst 108.10–11 spiradenocarcinoma 138.36–7 signalling pathways 67.6 secondary 62.10–11 radiotherapy for skin cancer 24.10–11 spiradenoma 138.31–2 skin fragility syndrome 71.9–10 xanthomas 62.2–6 referred pain 108.28 sweating control 94.3–4 syndromes 2.19 dysphagia sample collection for fungal central 94.3 TP63-related phenotypes 67.8–9 dermatomyositis 53.9, 53.10 infections 32.8 local 94.3–4 X-linked anhidrotic 67.1 systemic sclerosis 56.13, 56.15 skin disease manifestations 108.11, neonates 116.2 X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dyspigmentation 108.12–13, 108.14–15 tubular papillary adenoma 138.28–9 dysplasia with immunodeficiency ageing of skin 155.1, 155.9 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 tumours 109.51, 138.23–9 (EDA-ID) 67.10–11 neck 155.3 traumatic conditions 108.6–7 carcinomas 138.34–40 genetics 67.11 chemotherapy-induced 120.8–10 tumours 108.22–7 follicular 138.29–34 pathogenesis 67.10 occupational 130.12–13 weathering nodule 108.13, 108.15 follicular carcinoma 138.35–40 see also ankyloblepharon–ectodermal systemic sclerosis 56.4 chondrodermatitis nodularis eccrine sweating, spinal cord injury 85.10 defect–cleft lip/palate syndrome; dysplasia 3.36 differential diagnosis 108.9 eccrine syringosquamous metaplasia 94.14 ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia– dysproteinaemic purpura 101.7–8 wedge excision 20.33 Echelle de Cotation des Lésions d’Acné cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome; dysthymia 86.33 see also external auditory canal; Frank’s (ECLA) 16.3 focal dermal hypoplasia; tricho- dystonin epidermal isoform 71.4 sign; otitis externa Echelle d’évaluation Clinique des Catrices dento-osseous syndrome; tricho- dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa 71.2, earrings d’Acné (ECCA) 16.3 rhino-phalangeal syndrome 71.14–18 argyria 122.7 echinocandin antifungals 19.44 ectodysplasin A (EDA) gene 67.8 dominant dermatitis 128.16 echinococcosis 33.29–30 ectodysplasin A (EDA) pathway 67.7, 67.8 acral 71.14, 71.15 embedded 108.7 Echinococcus granulosis 33.29–30 ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR) 67.8 generalized 71.14–15 eating disorders 86.20–1 Echinococcus multilocularis 33.29–30 ectopeptidases 8.42 dominant/recessive acne vulgaris 90.24 Echinoidea 131.3 ectopic ACTH syndrome 88.20, 147.17 nails only 71.14, 71.15 alopecia 89.63 echovirus infection 25.79, 25.81 ectopic calcification disorders 72.26–32 pretibial 71.14, 71.15 anorexia nervosa 86.20–1, 89.63 econazole, candidosis treatment 32.61 ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft pruriginosa 71.14, 71.15 bulimia 86.20–1, 89.63 economic burden of disease 6.1, 6.5–9 lip/palate (EEC) syndrome 67.6, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita hypertrichosis 89.63 decision making 6.9 67.7, 67.17–19, 108.3 differential diagnosis 50.45 psychodermatological psoriasis 6.7–9 clinical features 67.18 management 71.25–7 co-morbidities 86.21 skin cancer 6.5–6, 6.7, 6.9 definition 67.17 molecular pathology 71.18 Ebola haemorrhagic fever 25.72–3 Ecstasy 121.2 diagnostic criteria 67.18 neonatal 71.14, 71.15–16 EC Cosmetic Directive 128.9 26.16–17 differential diagnosis 67.18 71.27 E-cadherin 2.4 diphtheria differential diagnosis 26.38 epidemiology 67.17–18 recessive 110.16 ecchymosis 101.1 HIV infection 31.20 investigations 67.18 centripetalis 71.14, 71.18 Bateman purpura 155.3–4 26.52 management 67.18–19 generalized intermediate 71.14, 71.17, causes 101.2 ano-genital 111.22, 113.11 ectropion, harlequin ichthyoses 65.7 71.18 purpura artefact 86.27 anthrax differential diagnosis 26.44 eczema 39.1–7 generalized severe 71.14, 71.16–17, scurvy differential diagnosis 63.22 ecthyma differential diagnosis 26.17 acute phase 39.3, 39.4 71.25–7 traumatic 101.2 HIV infection 31.20 management 39.6 inversa 71.14, 71.17–18 eccrine duct-blocking agents, necrotizing subcutaneous infection ano-genital 111.10–12 localized 71.14, 71.18 hyperhidrosis treatment 94.8 differential diagnosis 26.74 antimony reactions 122.2 prenatal diagnosis 7.9 eccrine glands 2.8–9, 2.43, 138.1, 138.2 neonatal 116.26 apron 39.13–14, 39.15 revertant mosaicism 7.8 anatomy 94.1–2 varicella-zoster virus differential asteatotic 39.10–11, 39.20, 87.26 wound healing 10.11 angiomatous naevus 138.24 diagnosis 31.23 transient acantholytic dermatosis skin grafting 71.27 C fibres 94.3 ectodermal dysplasia–ectrodactyly– association 87.22 squamous cell carcinoma carcinoma 138.34–5 macular dystrophy (EEM) basal cell carcinoma differential association 142.27 digital papillary syndrome 2.19 diagnosis 141.11 adenocarcinoma 138.35 ectodermal dysplasias 67.1–26 chronic 39.3, 39.4 E eyelid 109.51 anhidrotic 67.14 management 39.7 ear squamoid 138.35 ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia– classification 39.1–2 ageing changes 108.6 cutaneous myoepithelioma 138.33–4 cleft lip/palate syndrome clinical features 39.4–5 allergic contact dermatitis 128.16 cylindroma 107.10, 138.30–1 differential diagnosis 67.18 complications/co-morbidities 39.5 anatomy 108.1–2 malignant 138.35–6 investigations 67.14 conditioned hyperirritability 39.5 cauliflower 108.6, 108.7 development 2.4, 94.1–2 management 67.14–15 definition 39.1 cerumen 108.2–3 digital papillary adenocarcinoma 138.35 classification 67.1, 67.3, 67.3–5, 67.6 dermatitis herpetiformis differential chondrodermatitis nodularis 108.8–10 disorders 94.4–14, 94.15 molecular approaches 67.6 diagnosis 50.53

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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discoid 39.7–9 eczema herpeticum 25.19, 25.39–41, 41.13, elastinopathies 72.11, 72.12, 72.13–15 emboli, purpura 101.15–20 DRESS differential diagnosis 119.10 110.50, 110.51 fibrillinopathy 72.15–17 emilins 2.37 drug-induced 118.4–5 clinical features 25.39–41 mechanical function 123.5 emissary veins 20.3 endogenous 39.1, 39.2 definition 25.39 metabolic turnover 2.36 emm genes, streptococcal infections 26.11, epidemiology 39.2–3 investigations 25.41 transepithelial elimination of altered 26.12, 26.35 erythroderma 39.32 management 25.41 fibres 96.28 emollients 18.8–9 exogenous 39.1, 39.2 nomenclature 25.39 elastic tissue 2.2 asteatotic eczema treatment 39.11 extramammary Paget disease education, underachievement 11.5 acquired deposition disorders 96.29–30 atopic eczema 41.29–30 differential diagnosis 112.37, Edwards syndrome 76.2 elasticity eczema treatment 39.7 138.43 efavirenz, drug eruptions 31.18 biological 123.5 erythroderma treatment 39.35 eyelids 39.21 eflornithine topical medication 18.29 measurement 16.4 hand eczema treatment 39.17, 39.18 fingertip 39.14, 39.15 hirsutism 89.67 2.34–6, 123.5 irritant contact dermatitis 129.7 genital 128.17 pseudofolliculitis treatment 93.2 production 2.35–6 keratolysis exfoliativa gold-induced 122.3 e-health 11.7 wound healing 10.8 treatment 87.25 hyperkeratotic Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 72.1–8 elastin (ELN) gene 2.35 pityriasis alba treatment 39.26 allergic contact dermatitis differential arthrochalasia type 72.5 mutations 2.36, 72.14, 72.15 pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment 36.6 diagnosis 128.62 atrophic scars 96.11 elastin-associated microfibrils 2.34, 2.36–7 radiotherapy protection 120.13 palmar 39.11, 39.13, 39.14 blepharochalasis differential elastinopathies 72.11, 72.12, 72.13–15 xerosis cutis treatment 87.27 infantile 117.2–3 diagnosis 96.25 elastoderma 96.30 emopamil binding protein (EBP) gene infected 39.24 calcification 61.4 elastofibroma 137.10 mutations 65.20–1 secondary 39.4, 39.6 classical 72.3–4 dorsi 96.30 emotional abuse 117.13 infective 39.22–4 classification 72.1 elastogenesis, growth hormone emotions in chronic otitis externa 108.18 clinical features 72.3–7 role 149.16 distress 11.2–3, 11.6 HTLV-1-associated of children 39.24 collagen type I 2.28 elastolysis embarrassment 11.4 lower leg 39.20 collagen type III 2.28 acquired 96.19 management 11.2 investigations 39.5–6 collagen type V 2.29 congenital 96.19 reactions to skin conditions 11.3 irritant vulval 112.13–14 cutis laxa differential diagnosis 72.7, generalized 96.19 employment, underachievement 11.5 juvenile plantar dermatosis 39.21–2 72.14, 96.20 localized 96.19 emulsifiers, topical drug delivery 13.9, lichenification 39.4 dermatosparaxis type 72.5–6 mid-dermal 96.23 18.6, 18.7 lower legs 39.18–21 differential diagnosis 72.7 perifollicular 96.23 emulsifying wax 18.7 clinical features 39.19–20 elastosis perforans serpiginosa 96.53 upper dermal 96.24 en coup de sabre 107.6 complications/co-morbidities 39.20 epidemiology 72.1–2 elastoma, congenital 75.18 encephalitis definition 39.18 fibronectin-deficient type 72.6 elastophagocytosis 96.19 herpes B virus infection 25.38 differential diagnosis 39.20 genetics 72.2, 72.2–3 elastosis HSV infection 25.16 epidemiology 39.18 hypermobility type 72.4 late-onset focal dermal 96.30 varicella infection 25.25 management 39.20–1 investigations 72.7 linear focal 96.29–30 encephalocraniocutaneous pathophysiology 39.19 keloid association 96.47 elastosis perforans serpiginosa 65.69, lipomatosis 74.8, 100.18–19 variants 39.20 kyphoscoliosis types 72.5, 72.7 96.51–3, 153.3 lipoedema of scalp differential male ano-genital 111.10 management 72.7–8 annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma diagnosis 100.23 management 39.6–7 Marfan syndrome association 72.1, differential diagnosis 96.27 naevus psiloliparus 75.18 microbial 39.22–4 72.16 clinical features 96.52–3 enchondroma 73.15 molluscum contagiosum mechanical properties of skin 123.5 definition 96.51 radiography 95.48 association 25.13 Menkes disease differential epidemiology 96.51–2 Encode Consortium 7.1, 7.2 mouth 41.24 diagnosis 63.28 pathophysiology 96.52 endocrine disorders 149.1–22, 149.6 nail involvement 95.43–4 musculocontractual 72.5 elastotic degeneration 3.35 adrenal hyperfunction 149.17–18 nipple 138.42 occipital horn syndrome 72.6 elastotic haemangioma, acquired 137.30 adrenal insufficiency 149.18 nomenclature 39.1 pathophysiology 72.2 elastotic nodules of the ear 96.3–4 atopic eczema 41.15 patch testing 39.5–6 periodontitis type 72.6 elbows, nail–patella syndrome 69.16 biological basis 149.1–2, 149.3, 149.4, patchy vesiculosquamous 39.15 periventricular nodular electrical burns, acronecrosis 95.47 149.4–5, 149.6–10 pathophysiology 39.3–4 heterotopia 72.7 electrocautery 20.40 clinical aspects 149.10–11, 149.12, 149.13, phenylketonuria 81.12 piezogenic pedal papules 123.26 electromagnetic spectrum 9.1 149.14, 149.15–22 photosensitivity 127.13 pregnancy 72.8, 115.6 electron beam radiotherapy 24.1–2 hyperandrogenism 145.18–19 pityriasis rosea differential progeroid 72.6–7 keloid treatment 24.7 hyperoestrogenism 145.19 diagnosis 39.4 congenital disorders of mycosis fungoides 24.14–16, 140.24 hyperpituitarism 149.16–17 pompholyx, blistering distal dactylitis glycosylation 81.10 scleredema treatment 59.11 hypoandrogenism 145.19 differential diagnosis 26.34 with progressive kyphoscoliosis, Sézary syndrome 140.24 hypo-oestrogenism 145.19 post-traumatic 39.24–5 myopathy and hearing loss 72.5 electron microscopy 3.26–7 hypopituitarism 149.16 primary immunodeficiency 82.2 spondylocheiro dysplastic form 72.5 viral disease techniques 3.27 obesity 100.25–6 recurrent vesicular, allergic subtypes 72.2–3 electrosurgery 20.40–3 oral manifestations 110.89 contact dermatitis differential tenascin-X deficient 72.7 bipolar biterminal 20.41 patient evaluation 149.10–11, 149.12, diagnosis 128.62 variants 72.3–7 characteristics 20.40–1 149.13, 149.14 ring 39.16 vascular type 72.4–5, 72.8 currents 20.41 polyendocrine disease 145.20 seborrhoeic vulval 112.13 X-linked type 72.5 effects 20.41 skin signs 149.10, 149.11–13, 149.13, psoriasis differential Ehrlichia 26.63 electrocoagulation 20.41 149.13, 149.14 diagnosis 112.16 ehrlichiosis 26.63, 34.38 electrodessication 20.41, 20.42 skin therapy 149.15 secondary dissemination 39.5 toxic shock syndrome differential electrosection 20.41 see also named conditions secondary infections 39.4, 39.6 diagnosis 26.31 fulguration 20.41, 20.42 endocrine signalling 149.2, 149.3, 149.6 subacute 39.3, 39.4 Eikenella corrodens 26.64 hazards 20.41–3 complexity 149.7–8 management 39.6–7 Ekbom disease 86.4 20.41, 20.42 principles 149.1–2, 149.3, systemically reactivated allergic contact elastases 2.36, 10.2 risks 20.41–3 149.4, 149.5, 149.6–10 dermatitis 128.58 elastic fibres 2.2, 2.5, 2.33–4 elephantiasis 105.6–9, 105.52 neuro-endocrine organ role of unclassified 39.2 components 2.34 neurofibromatosa 80.3 skin 149.4, 149.4–5, 149.6–7 varicose 39.18 degradation disorders 96.19–28, 96.29 nostra of ears 108.18 end-of-life skin changes 124.8 allergic contact dermatitis differential see also acrokeratoelastoidosis; nostras verrucosa 105.20–1, 105.24–5, endometriosis, cutaneous 112.31 diagnosis 128.62 anetoderma; cutis laxa; elastolysis; 105.52 endorphin(s) 83.6 venous in chronic venous pseudoxanthoma elasticum tropical see lymphatic filariasis β-endorphin 74.4 insufficiency 103.38 actinic granuloma 96.3, 96.25–7 elicitation, allergic contact endoscopic transthoracic sympathectomy, vulval annular elastolytic giant cell dermatitis 128.6–8 flushing 106.9 irritant 112.13–14 granuloma 96.25–7, 97.10 elkonyxis 95.11 endothelial adhesion molecules 8.9 seborrhoeic 112.13, 112.16 blepharochalasis 96.24–5 ellagic acid, antioxidant use 156.8 endothelial cells winter 39.10–11 96.27 Ellis–van Creveld syndrome 67.9 acute phase inflammation 8.2 see also atopic eczema; hand eczema; mid-dermal elastolysis 96.23 ELOVL4 deficiency 65.27 high-power microscopy 3.32 pompholyx eczema fibrillinopathy 72.15–17 EMBASE 17.6, 17.7 inflammation role 8.7 Eczema Area and Severity Index inherited disorders 72.11, 72.12, Emberger syndrome 73.20, 105.18, 105.27, endothelial growth factor receptor (EASI) 16.3 72.13–17 105.30 (EGFR) 2.4

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endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) respiratory disorder association 151.3–4 cornified cell envelope 2.6 localized laryngo-onycho-cutaneous inhibitors eosinophilic pustular folliculitis 93.7–8, differentiation of structures 2.4 syndrome 71.6, 71.14 hypertrichosis 120.6 93.9, 117.11–12 embryonic 2.3 molecular pathology 71.14 nail changes 120.6, 120.7 classical adult 93.8 heat damage 23.5 with pyloric atresia 71.11, 71.13 papulopustular eruptions 120.3, 120.4 immunosuppression-associated 93.8 inflammation cellular components 8.2, with respiratory/renal pustules 107.12 infantile 93.9–10 8.3, 8.6 involvement 71.11, 71.13 squamous cell carcinoma eosinophilic ulcer of oral mucosa 110.27 layers 2.5–7 keratolysis exfoliativa differential management 146.14 eosinophils 8.17, 8.19 macrofibres 2.7 diagnosis 87.24 endothelin(s) 88.7–8 fibrosis role 8.6 Merkel cells 2.11–12 laminin 322 role 2.26 endothelin 1 88.7–8 high-power microscopy 3.31 epidermodysplasia verruciformis 25.59– lethal acantholytic 65.56 functions 8.12–13 membrane 8.19 61, 26.60, 146.2 nail lichen planus differential itching in skin disease 83.7 eotaxin (CCL11) 8.38, 8.39 acquired 25.62–3 diagnosis 95.45 keratinocyte production 88.20 ephelides 88.15–16, 132.1–3 basal cell carcinoma 141.5 nail loss 95.8 scleroderma renal crisis 56.15 clinical features 132.2–3 children with HIV 31.35 neonates 71.24–5 endothelin 3 88.8 definition 132.1 clinical features 25.60 next generation sequencing 71.23 endothelium differential diagnosis 132.2–3 epidemiology 25.59, 146.1 nonsense read-through drugs 71.30 antigens 2.43 epidemiology 132.1 human papillomavirus 31.24, 31.25 oral lesions 110.16, 110.17 skin vasculature 2.41–2 investigations 132.3 investigations 25.60 oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8 endotoxins 41.8 laser treatment 23.12 malignant progression 25.63 pain management 71.27 end-stage organ failure, skin cancer management 132.3 management 25.60–1, 25.63 prevalence 71.2 association 146.4 pathophysiology 132.1 pathophysiology 25.59–60 recombinant protein therapy 71.28 energy fluence, selective thermolysis 23.5 26.76–7 spiny keratoderma differential renal failure 153.6 enfuvirtide 31.10 epidemiology of skin disease 5.1–14 diagnosis 65.52 revertant mosaicism 71.29 ENG gene mutations 110.14 analytical 5.2–3 epidermoid carcinoma, anal/ Sanger sequencing 71.22–3 enkephalins 83.6 association 5.8–9, 5.10, 5.13 perianal 113.17–20 skin biopsy 71.19 The Enlightenment 1.3–4 causation 5.8–9, 5.13 epidermoid cysts 134.1–2 skin proteins 71.3–5 Entamoeba histolytica 33.34–5 climate 5.10 ear piercing complications 108.7 small molecule therapies 71.30 perineum/perianal region 113.12 comparisons 5.2–3 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.5 transmission electron microscopy 71.19– enterobiasis 33.13–14 determination of skin disease malignant degeneration 134.2 21 Enterobius vermicularis 33.13, 33.14 frequency 5.8–10 plantar 25.50 treatment 71.24–30 enteroviruses 25.79–84 diagnostic criteria 5.4–5 surgery 20.45–6, 20.47 vulval 112.4 infection 25.80–1 dietary factors 5.10 differential see also dystrophic epidermolysis envenomation disability 5.5 diagnosis 134.3 bullosa; Kindler syndrome Cnidaria 131.1, 131.2 disease definition 5.4–5 epidermoid implantation cyst 95.48 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita 50.18, fish stings 131.4 disease types 5.4 epidermolysis bullosa 71.1–23 50.41–3, 50.44, 50.45–6, 71.23 sea urchins 131.3 early environment 5.9 acquisita, vulval 112.19 anti-p200 pemphigoid differential snake bites 131.5 genetics 5.9 albopapuloid 96.40 diagnosis 50.39 environmental , IgE 8.56 geographical factors 5.10 anchoring fibril role 2.27 autoantibodies 50.42 environmental factors handicap 5.5 antibody probes 71.21–2 specificity 50.10 allergic contact dermatitis 128.11 impairment 5.5 antigen mapping 71.21–2 autoantigen 50.42 atopic eczema 41.6–8 infective agents 5.10 aplasia cutis congenita 75.20 bullous pemphigoid differential environmental pollution inferences 5.2–3 bone marrow stem cell therapy 71.29 diagnosis 50.21 acne 90.56–7 later environment 5.9–10 cell therapy bullous systemic lupus erythematosus allergens 8.57 macroclimate 5.10 with intradermal allogeneic differential diagnosis 50.48 atopic eczema association 41.7–8 microclimate 5.10 fibroblasts 71.28 classical mechanobullous variant 50.43, enzymatic fat necrosis 99.38, 99.39 natural history 5.10 with intradermal mesenchymal 50.44, 50.45 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay occupational factors 5.10 stromal cells 71.28–9 clinical features 50.43, 50.44, 50.45 (ELISA) 3.11 population level 5.2–4 chromosomal mutations 5.9 definition 50.41 eosin 18.33 prevention paradox 5.3–4 classification 71.2 diagnosis 50.45–6 eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) 8.19 5.4–8 clinical features 112.4 differential diagnosis 50.45 eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) 8.19 risk factors 5.8–9, 5.13 clinical subtypes 71.6–19 disease course 50.45 eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN) 8.19 study types 5.14 Cole disease differential diagnosis 65.54 epidemiology 50.41–2 eosinophilia terminology 5.13–14 type VII and XVII 2.29 genetics 50.43 cholesterol embolization epidemiology, pathophysiology 32.88 definition 112.4 IgA deposits 50.43 syndrome 101.16 epidermal barrier 8.4–5 dental defects 110.16 inflammatory bowel disease DRESS syndrome 119.8 formation by keratinocytes 8.4 dermal–epidermal basement membrane association 152.3 gold reaction 122.4 kallikrein role in dysfunction 8.42 changes 2.21, 2.22 inflammatory variant 50.43, 50.44, 50.45 loiasis 33.11 neonates 41.25 diagnosis 71.19–23 investigations 50.45–6 eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome 96.43 epidermal cyst, vulval 112.30 differential diagnosis 71.23 linear IgA disease differential eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis 102.13 epidermal differentiation complex digestive system 152.6 diagnosis 50.36 eosinophilic annular erythema 47.10 (EDC) 2.7 electron microscopy 3.26–7 malignancy association 147.22 eosinophilic cellulitis 47.10 epidermal growth factor (EGF), friction blisters 123.9 management 50.46 eosinophilic fasciitis 57.17, 57.23, 99.13 keratincotye function effects 8.4, 8.5 gene mutations 71.3–5 mucous membrane pemphigoid 109.27 systemic sclerosis differential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene therapy 71.27–8 differential diagnosis 50.24 diagnosis 56.15, 56.16 inhibitors, acne association 90.12 natural 71.29 oral ulceration 110.42 eosinophilic folliculitis, HIV epidermal melanin unit 88.2–3 genomic editing 71.28 pathophysiology 50.42–3 infection 31.16 epidermal naevi 75.2 hemidesmosome gene mutations 2.26 predisposing factors 50.42 eosinophilic globules 3.37 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis hereditary prognosis 50.45 eosinophilic granuloma see granuloma differential diagnosis 87.7 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita variants 50.43, 50.44, 50.45 faciale epidermal naevus syndrome 73.17 differential diagnosis 50.43 epidermolysis bullosa simplex 2.8, 71.2, eosinophilic granulomatosis with encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis linear IgA disease differential 71.6–11, 123.9 polyangiitis 102.27–9 differential diagnosis 100.19 diagnosis 50.36 acral peeling skin syndrome 71.6, 71.7 classification 102.28, 102.29 differential hypertrichosis 89.63 differential diagnosis 65.27 clinical features 102.28, 102.29 diagnosis 70.11 immunofluorescence studies 3.17 ankyloblepharon–ectodermal definition 102.27 epidermal necrosis 51.22 incidence 71.2 defect–cleft lip/palate syndrome epidemiology 102.27–8 epidermal pigmentation, laser inducible pluripotent stem cells 71.29– differential diagnosis 67.16 genital 111.21 treatment 23.12–14 30 autosomal recessive granulomatosis with polyangiitis epidermal structures 2.5–7 infants 71.24–5 BP230 71.6, 71.9 differential diagnosis 102.25 epidermal cells (SBC) 9.6 junctional 71.2, 71.11–14 exophilin-5 71.6, 71.9 investigations 102.29 epidermis 2.1, 2.2, 13.1 generalized intermediate 71.11, keratin 14 71.6, 71.8 management 102.29 adherence to dermis 2.21 71.12–13 desmoplakin deficiency 71.6, 71.10 pathophysiology 102.28 barrier 129.2–3 generalized late-onset 71.11, 71.13 diagnosis 71.21 recurrent cutaneous necrotizing cell–cell adhesion during generalized severe 71.11–12 dyskeratosis congenita differential eosinophilic vasculitis differential inflammation 8.9–13 localized 71.11, 71.13 diagnosis 69.15 diagnosis 102.10, 102.11 cooling 23.5 localized inversa 71.6, 71.13–14 generalized

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 28 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 29

intermediate 71.6, 71.7–8 biology 25.31 annular of infancy 47.6–8 pancreatic panniculitis differential severe 71.6, 71.7 chronic active 25.31, 25.33 chemical peel complication 159.8, 159.10 diagnosis 99.40 localized 71.6–7 drug exanthem association 12.3 definition 4.13 pathophysiology 27.30, 99.28 management 71.25 erythema annulare centrifugum 47.9 dermatomyositis 53.7, 53.8 vasculitis 99.27–8 migratory circinate 71.6, 71.8 extranodal NK/T-cell eosinophilic annular 47.10 erythema infectiosum 25.66–7 molecular pathology 71.10–11 lymphoma 140.36–7 erysipelas-like 45.6, 64.2 parvovirus B19 154.2, 154.3 with mottled pigmentation 71.6, 71.8 haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis flagellate in dermatomyositis 53.7 erythema marginatum 47.11–13 with muscular dystrophy 71.6, 71.8–9 association 136.9 generalized exfoliative clinical features 47.12–13 Ogna 71.6, 71.8 hairy leukoplakia 110.74 dermatitis 119.11–12 definition 47.11–12 plakoglobin deficiency 71.6, 71.10 HIV infection infrared radiation-induced 125.11 epidemiology 47.12 plakophilin-1 deficiency 71.6, 71.9–10 children 31.35 irritant contact dermatitis 129.6 investigations 47.13 with pyloric atresia 71.6, 71.9 hairy leukoplakia 31.33 keratolytic winter 65.66–7 pathophysiology 47.12 superficialis 71.6, 71.10 immunocompromised patients 110.52 migratory 147.19 rheumatic fever 55.8, 154.4 epidermolytic hyperkeratosis 3.36 infectious mononucleosis 25.31–3 necrolytic acral, HCV association 25.65 treatment ladder 47.13 epidermolytic ichthyosis 65.13–15, 65.16, lymphomas 25.33 necrolytic migratory 47.13–15, 47.16 65.18, 65.39 lymphomatoid granulomatosis 151.6 erythema multiforme differential lingual 110.13–14 clinical features 65.14–15, 65.16 lymphoproliferative disease 25.34, diagnosis 47.5 oral mucosa 110.9 hyperparathyroidism 145.21 140.47 oral mucosa 110.9 erythema multiforme 47.1–6, 110.31 investigations 65.15 myopericytoma association 137.42 palmar 147.24, 152.9 aetiology 47.2–4, 110.42 management 65.39 oral hairy leukoplakia 25.32–3 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 allergic contact dermatitis 128.59–60 superficial 65.14, 65.15, 65.17 oral lesions 110.51, 110.52 PUVA side effect 21.12 atypical cases 47.6 epidermolytic palmoplantar papular-pruritic gloves and socks reactive inflammatory 47.1–15, 47.16 bullous 47.4, 47.5, 47.6 keratoderma 65.43–4 syndrome 25.87 recurrent toxin-mediated perineal 26.32 classification 47.2 knuckle pad association 96.34 post-transplant lymphoproliferative scarlatiniform 26.36 clinical features 47.1–2, 47.5–6, 110.42 Epidermophyton 32.18, 32.19 disorder 140.47 systemically reactivated allergic contact Compositae allergy 128.52 identification 32.32 primary 25.31 dermatitis 128.58 cutaneous lupus erythematosus 51.22 Epidermophyton floccosum 32.32 staining 3.10 tumour necrosis factor receptor- cytomegalovirus infection 25.37 32.35, 32.36 systemic lupus erythematosus associated periodic syndrome 45.5 definition 47.1–2 tinea cruris 32.46 association 51.19 UVB phototherapy side effect 21.11 diagnosis 110.43 tinea pedis 32.43, 32.44 systemic sclerosis 56.11 UVR-induced 9.7 differential diagnosis 47.5, 47.6 epididymo-orchitis X-linked lymphoproliferative see also toxic erythema of chemotherapy drug-induced 31.17, 31.18, 47.3, 47.4 Chlamydia infection 30.11, 30.15 diseases 82.10–11 125.12, 125.13 erythema marginatum differential gonococcal 30.7, 30.7 Epstein’s pearls 116.4 livedo reticularis differential diagnosis 47.12 epigenetic phenomena 7.6 epulis fissuratum 110.59 diagnosis 125.8 genital ulceration 111.18 epigenetics 5.9 Erdheim–Chester disease 136.19–20 erythema annulare centrifugum granuloma annulare differential epigenomics 7.6 erectile dysfunction, systemic (EAC) 47.6, 47.8–10, 147.19 diagnosis 97.6 epilepsy sclerosis 56.21 classification 47.9 haemorrhagic crusting of lips 110.83 NF1 80.3, 80.4 erethism, mercury toxicity 122.5 clinical features 47.10 Hailey–Hailey disease differential palmar fascial fibromatosis 96.31 ERG (Ets-related gene) 3.23 definition 47.8 diagnosis 66.12 temporal lobe, olfactory reference ergot intoxication, Raynaud phenomenon differential diagnosis 47.10 herpes-associated 25.19 syndrome differential differential diagnosis 125.9 eosinophilic infiltrate 47.10 herpes-induced 47.2–3, 47.6 diagnosis 86.9 erisipela de la costa 33.3 epidemiology 47.9 hypocomplementaemic urticarial tuberous sclerosis complex 80.10, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 26.46–7 gold reactions 122.4 vasculitis differential 80.11–12 erlotinib, pustules 107.12 infection association 47.9 diagnosis 102.19 epiloia see tuberous sclerosis erosive adenomatosis of the nipple 138.22 investigations 47.10 47.2–3 epinephrine erosive pustular dermatitis of lesions 47.8 immunostaining 110.46 with local anaesthesia 20.11, 20.12 scalp 107.11–12 lymphohistiocytic infiltrate 47.9, 47.10 Kawasaki disease differential systemic absorption 20.12 amicrobial pustulosis of the skin folds management 47.10 diagnosis 102.33 episodic angio-oedema with differential diagnosis 49.17 molluscum contagiosum lesions 47.1, 47.2 eosinophilia 43.4 cicatricial pemphigoid differential association 25.13 linear IgA disease differential epispadias 111.7 diagnosis 50.51 nomenclature 47.8, 47.9 diagnosis 50.36 epistasis 7.2 dissecting cellulitis of scalp differential pathophysiology 47.9–10 localized vesiculobullous 47.5 epithelial cells, immune response 8.58 diagnosis 107.8 treatment ladder 47.10 Lyme disease differential epithelial keratinization in male ano- eruptive vellus hair cyst 90.27, 90.28, erythema chronicum migrans 26.71 diagnosis 26.70 genital region 111.5 138.7–8 acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans major 47.6 epithelial markers, keratosis pilaris differential differential diagnosis 96.14 ocular complications 109.34, 109.36 immunopathology 3.18–19 diagnosis 87.10 annular erythema of infancy differential Stevens–Johnson syndrome epithelial membrane antigens Er:YAG laser diagnosis 47.7 differential diagnosis 119.17 (EMA) 3.19–20 hair removal 23.17 Lyme disease 26.69–70 management 47.6, 110.43 epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 skin resurfacing 160.6–8 erythema dyschromicum perstans 88.32–3 mercury toxicity 128.24 (CXCL5) 8.39 erysipelas 26.10, 26.17–21 pinta differential diagnosis 26.68 milker’s nodule association 25.12 epithelial sheath neuroma 137.53 allergic contact dermatitis differential erythema elevatum diutinum 102.8–10 minor 47.5 epithelial γδ T cells, keratinocyte diagnosis 128.62 clinical features 102.9–10 molluscum contagiosum interactions 8.4 associated diseases 26.18 epidemiology 102.8 association 25.13 epithelioid angiomatosis, oral causative organisms 26.18–19 investigations 102.10 pneumoniae infection 26.75 lesions 110.53 clinical features 26.19–20 knuckle pads differential oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8 epithelioid angiosarcoma 137.39 definition 26.17–18, 105.10 diagnosis 96.35 oral ulceration 110.42–3 epithelioid differential diagnosis 26.20 management 102.10 orf infection 25.10, 25.11 haemangioendothelioma 137.38–9 epidemiology 26.18, 105.10 pathophysiology 102.8–9 papular form 47.5, 47.6 epithelioid haemangioma 137.28–9 eyelids 109.41 rheumatic fever 55.2 paronychia 95.36 cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous HIV infection 31.20 rheumatoid arthritis coexistence 55.2 pathology 47.4–5 nodule 137.29–30 investigations 26.20–1 systemic lupus erythematosus pemphigus vulgaris differential epithelioid sarcoma 137.65–6 management 26.21 association 51.30 diagnosis 50.7 subcutaneous granuloma annulare neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis erythema gyratum photoaggravation 47.5 differential diagnosis 99.14 differential diagnosis 120.2 atrophicans, annular erythema of predisposing factors 110.42 epithelioma nomenclature 105.10 infancy differential diagnosis 47.7 recurrent herpes simplex 25.16 amoebiasis differential diagnosis 33.35 pathophysiology 26.18–19, 105.10–11 repens 47.10–11, 147.19 rheumatic fever 55.8 cuniculatum 142.29 pinna 108.11 erythema induratum of Bazin 27.29–31, sarcoidosis association 98.14 eyelid 109.50–1 sclerosing panniculitis differential 99.8, 99.26–8, 151.4 secondary syphilis 31.21 superficial with sebaceous diagnosis 99.29 clinical features 27.30–1, 99.26–7 simplex form 47.5 differentiation 138.18 see also cellulitis definition 27.29 systemically reactivated allergic contact eponychium 2.11 26.46–7 differential diagnosis 27.31 dermatitis 128.58 epoxy resins 128.18, 128.48–9 erythema epidemiology 27.30 terminology 47.1–2 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) 25.31–3, 146.7 action spectrum 9.5, 9.11 investigations 27.31, 99.27–8 topical agent-induced 47.4 annular erythema of infancy 47.6 ageing of skin 155.9 management 27.31 triggers 47.3

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erythema multiforme (continued) leukaemia cutis differential transient acantholytic dermatosis Exophiala dermatidis, systemic tuberculosis 151.4 diagnosis 140.49 treatment 87.24 mycosis 32.95 urticaria differential diagnosis 42.14 malignancy association 147.23 ethambutol 27.9, 27.10 Exophiala jeanselmei 32.78, 32.79 viral infections 47.2–3, 47.6 management 39.35 drug eruptions 31.17 exophilin-5 71.3–4, 71.9 erythema neonatorum 116.3 pathophysiology 39.31 ethics, clinical trials 14.12 expert opinion 17.5–6 erythema nodosum 99.18, 99.19–20, pityriasis rubra pilaris differential ethnicity/ethnic groups 5.9 extensibility of skin 123.5 99.20–4 diagnosis 36.4 ageing of skin 155.4 external auditory canal 108.2 aetiology 99.18, 99.19–20 primary immunodeficiency 82.3 allergic contact dermatitis 128.6 cholesteatoma 108.27–8 associated diseases 99.18 prognosis 39.34 diagnosis of skin disease 4.4 hair in 108.28 complications 99.24 psoriasis 35.16–17, 107.3 systemic sclerosis 56.7 keratosis obturans 108.28 differential diagnosis 99.22 severe combined ethosomes 18.8 squamous cell carcinoma 108.26–7 drug eruptions 118.15–16 immunodeficiency 82.7–8 ethylenediamine dihydrochloride 128.40–1 tumours 108.22–4 epidemiology 99.19 of unknown origin 39.33 contact allergy 118.4 external auditory meatus, bacterial idiopathic 98.2 variants 39.32–4 ethylenediaminetetraacetate 18.8 flora 26.5 inflammatory bowel disease erythrodermic sarcoidosis 98.13 etidronate 99.55 external jugular vein 20.3 association 152.2 erythrokeratoderma 65.17–19 etretinate 31.16 external root sheath tumours 138.5–7 investigations 99.22–4 progressive symmetrical 65.18–19 Vohwinkel syndrome treatment 65.57 extracellular matrix (ECM) 2.27–8 leprosum 28.3, 28.5, 28.6, 28.12, 28.13, variabilis 65.17–18, 65.39 EU Cosmetics Directive 128.76 collagens 2.27–8 99.24–6 pityriasis rubra pilaris differential EU Directives on Dangerous molecules in wound healing 10.3 dactylitis 154.4 diagnosis 36.4 Substances and Dangerous photoageing 2.47 histopathology 99.25–6 erythrokeratolysis hiemalis 65.66–7 Preparations 128.76 proteoglycans 2.37, 2.40 synovitis 154.4 erythromelalgia 84.10, 103.6–8 eumelanin 88.5, 89.69 regulation by MMPs 8.43 treatment 28.16 clinical features 103.7, 103.8 European Enlightenment 1.3–4 extracorporeal photochemotherapy management 99.24 definition 103.6 EVER1 and EVER2 gene mutations 146.1 (photopheresis) (ECP) 21.1, 21.6–7 Miescher radial granulomas 99.22–3 epidemiology 103.6 evidence-based medicine (EBM) 17.1–24 acute graft-versus-host disease pathophysiology 99.18, 99.20–1 investigations 103.8 aetiology and pathogenesis of treatment 38.6 pregnancy 115.9 malignancy association 147.24 disease 17.6 administration 21.10–11 presentation 99.21 management 103.8 all or none clinical observations 17.3 delivery 21.11 radiotherapy-induced 120.14 medication-induced 103.7 application to specific patient 17.7, 17.8, historical aspects 1.8 sarcoidosis 98.1, 98.6, 98.14, 98.15 mushroom-induced 103.7 17.11–12 mycosis fungoides 140.26 differential diagnosis 98.2, 98.12 myeloproliferative disorders 101.12 best evidence 17.4–7 regimen variables 21.11 sclerosing panniculitis differential pathophysiology 103.6–7 finding 17.6–7 scleredema treatment 59.11 diagnosis 99.29 primary 103.6–7 clinical importance 17.7 Sézary syndrome 140.26 streptococcal infection 26.11 secondary 103.7 critical appraisal of evidence 17.7–18 side effects 21.14 Sweet syndrome association 99.18 erythromelanosis follicularis data evaluation 17.17–23 extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) 54.2, 127.35 tuberculous 27.31, 151.4 et colli 87.9, 87.10 statistical testing 17.19–20 extramedullary haematopoiesis 148.5 variants 99.22 of the face and neck 88.14–15 data reporting 17.18–19 extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma 140.36–7 vasculitis 99.24 erythromycin 18.10 deductions from pathophysiology 17.6 extrinsic allergic alveolitis, acquired partial erythema toxicum neonatorum 116.4–5 anti-inflammatory effects 19.43 distinguishing effective from lipodystrophy association 100.4 infantile eosinophilic pustular erythronychia, longitudinal 95.15–16 ineffective/harmful eye(s) folliculitis differential erythroplasia of Queyrat 111.27–8 treatments 17.1–2 Dennie–Morgan fold 41.22 diagnosis 93.10 human papillomavirus 31.24 expert opinion 17.5–6 glucocorticoid adverse effects 19.19 erythropoietic protoporphyria, priming erythroplasia, oral mucosa 110.71–2 formulating questions 17.3–4 PUVA side effects 21.14 phenomenon 60.14–15 erythropoietic porphyria hierarchy of evidence 17.4–5 eye disease erythrasma 26.37, 26.39–41 congenital 60.4, 60.7, 60.9–11 levels of evidence 17.4 Adamantiades–Behçet disease 48.4–5, clinical features 26.39–40 hypertrichosis 89.63 limitations 17.2–3 48.7, 48.9 differential diagnosis 26.39–40 xeroderma pigmentosum differential literature evaluation 17.2 atopic eczema 41.22–3 investigations 26.40–1 diagnosis 78.6 meta-analysis 17.5 bacterial infections 109.41–2 management 26.41 erythropoietic protoporphyria 60.4, 60.5, need for 17.1–3 congenital ichthyoses 65.39 pathophysiology 26.39 60.7, 60.14–16 physician recall/records 17.5 corticosteroid-induced 109.43 pitted keratolysis differential clinical features 60.14–15 practising 17.2 dermatoses 109.1–5 diagnosis 26.42 definition 60.14 search strategies 17.4 drug-induced 109.43, 109.45–7 differential genetic counselling 60.16 shortcut method for appraising clinical generalized severe recessive dystrophic diagnosis 87.8 investigations 60.15 research papers 17.23–4 epidermolysis bullosa 71.26 pityriasis versicolor differential juvenile spring eruption differential statistical methods 17.20–3 infections 109.36–8, 109.39–40, 109.40–3 diagnosis 32.12 diagnosis 127.9 systematic reviews 17.5 inherited disorders 109.43, 109.44–5 variants 26.39 lip lesions 110.24 threats to 17.3 iris hamartomas 80.1, 80.2, 80.3, 80.4 erythrocyanosis 125.6 lipoid proteinosis differential validity 17.7–9 leprosy 28.13 erythroderma 39.30–5 diagnosis 72.32–3 see also clinical trials; randomized differential diagnosis 28.12 allergic contact dermatitis differential liver disease 60.16 controlled trials (RCT) melanoma 143.14 diagnosis 128.62 management 60.6, 60.15–16 Ewing sarcoma, extraosseous 137.54 Menkes disease 63.27 bullous congenital ichthyosiform, perioral lesions 110.24 examination of skin, diagnosis 4.5 nail–patella syndrome 69.16 epidermolysis bullosa differential priming phenomenon 60.14–15 exanthem(s) phakomatosis pigmentovascularis 75.23 diagnosis 71.23 pseudoporphyria differential acute generalized exanthematous pseudoxanthoma elasticum 72.29 causes 39.31 diagnosis 60.19 pustulosis 12.3, 119.1–4 psoriasis 35.14 chronic actinic dermatitis 127.18 solar urticaria differential drug eruptions 31.18, 118.1–3, 119.1–4 psoriatic arthritis association 35.43 clinical features 39.31–4 diagnosis 127.22 differential diagnosis 118.2 retinoid-induced 19.38 complications/co-morbidities 39.34 Escherichia coli gold reactions 122.4 rosacea 91.1, 91.2, 91.3, 91.4 congenital ichthyosiform 65.9–13, 65.10, erythema annulare centrifugum 47.9 mercury toxicity 122.5, 128.24 clinical features 91.8 116.19 HIV infection 31.20 symmetrical drug-related intertriginous differential diagnosis 91.11 clinical features 65.11–12 esdepallethrin, scabies treatment 34.44 and flexural 118.4, 118.5–6 disease course 91.12 definition 65.9–10 E-selectin 8.7–8 exanthem infantum see fifth disease management 91.13, 91.14, 91.15 investigations 65.12–13 essential fatty acid deficiency 63.23 exanthem subitum see roseola infantum sarcoidosis 98.5 management 65.39 essential thrombocythaemia 101.11–12 exercise Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic pathophysiology 65.10 etanercept anaphylaxis induction 42.12 epidermal necrolysis 119.16, 119.18 reticular 65.14, 65.15–17 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 lymph drainage 105.50 management 119.20 definition 4.8, 39.30 acute graft-versus-host disease lymphoedema systemic diseases 109.36, 109.37 disease course 39.34 treatment 38.6 management 105.56 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 eczema as cause 39.2 cutaneous sclerosis induction 96.43 obesity-related 105.20 tuberous sclerosis complex 80.12 epidemiology 39.30–1 dosage 19.30 phlebolymphoedema treatment 105.9 viral infections 109.36–8, 109.39–40, exfoliative, Compositae allergy 128.52 palmoplantar pustulosis treatment 35.40 exercise-induced purpura 101.5, 101.9 109.40 generalized 128.17 psoriasis therapy 19.29, 31.16 exfoliative dermatitis 39.30–5 vitamin A deficiency 63.7 HIV infection 31.14 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.46 malignancy association 147.23 vitamin E deficiency 63.11 ichthyosiform 39.33 pyoderma gangrenosum treatment 49.6 exfoliative dermatitis toxin 8.28 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.4–5 investigations 39.35 TNF-α neutralization 8.35 exocytosis 3.36 see also atopic eye disease; conjunctivitis

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 30 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 31

eye drops, corticosteroid 18.17 facial hemiatrophy 96.17–18 benign symmetrical lipomatosis female pattern hair loss (FPHL) 89.15 eye sign, trypanosomiasis 33.39 facial melanoses 88.9–15 differential diagnosis 100.15 androgen levels 89.17 eye worm 33.10 erythromelanosis follicularis of the face Dercum disease differential associated diseases 89.16 eyebrows and neck 88.14–15 diagnosis 100.17 clinical features 89.20–1 elevation with botulinum toxin peribuccal pigmentation of Brocq 88.15 familial partial lipodystrophy 74.1–3 differential diagnosis 89.21 injection 158.5 photocontact 88.12–13 acquired generalized lipodystrophy genetics 89.19–20 hair pulling 86.17, 86.18 88.13–14 differential diagnosis 100.3 pattern 89.17 eyelash follicle, hordeolum 109.41 see also melasma acquired partial lipodystrophy femoral veins, venous eyelashes facial nerve, motor branches 20.4–5 differential diagnosis 100.6 39.19 hair pulling 86.17, 86.18 facial picking disorder 86.15 autosomal dominant 100.3 fenofibrate, burns treatment 126.11 Phthisis pubis 109.42 acné excoriée differential familial progressive fermitin 8.5 eyelids diagnosis 86.16 hyperpigmentation 70.2, 70.11 FERMT1 gene mutations 8.5 allergic contact dermatitis 109.5, 128.15 factitious cheilitis 86.25–6, 110.84 familial reactive perforating ferric salts, tattoos 88.53 benign cysts 109.47–8 factitious 86.26 collagenosis 96.50–1 ferrochelatase deficiency 60.14 blepharochalasis 96.24–5 factitious skin disease 86.22–30 elastosis perforans serpiginosa ferrous sulphate supplementation 63.25 contact dermatitis 109.5 dermatitis artefacta 86.23–8 differential diagnosis 96.53 fertility dermatitis 39.21 acné excoriée differential familial sea-blue histiocytosis 136.20–1 drug effects 14.8 dermatomyositis 53.5 diagnosis 86.16 familial , carbon dioxide methotrexate effect 19.24 dermatoses 109.5–7, 109.8, 109.9–10, dermatitis passivata 86.29 laser ablation 23.18 fetal alcohol syndrome, 109.11–12, 109.13–15 dermatitis simulate 86.28 familial tumoral calcinosis 81.19–20 hypertrichosis 89.61 eczema 39.21 dermatological pathomimicry 86.28–9 Family Dermatology Life Quality Index fetal in utero experience 5.9 erysipelas 109.41 fabricated illness 86.30 (FDLQI) 16.7 fetal programming 149.8 impetigo 109.41 induced illness 86.30 Family Reported Outcome Measure fetal varicella syndrome 116.22 infections 109.36–7, 109.38 lymphoedema 105.50 (FROM-16) 16.7 fetus leishmaniasis 109.12, 109.43 malingering 86.23, 86.29 family, skin disease impact medical procedure complications 116.10 lipoid proteinosis 72.32, 72.33 medicolegal issues 86.30 measurement 16.7 skin biopsy 7.9 molluscum contagiosum 109.36, 109.38 Münchausen syndrome 86.23, 86.29–30 Fanconi anaemia 78.11, 82.12, 147.14, wound healing 10.9–10 109.41 by proxy 86.22, 86.23, 86.30 148.13 FGFR3 gene mutations 87.4, 90.10, 133.2 oedema 105.15, 105.16 nomenclature 86.22–3 dyskeratosis congenita differential FH gene mutations 147.12 periorbital oedema 109.5–6 panniculitis 99.45–8 diagnosis 70.13 fibreglass dermatitis 123.21, 130.1 psoriasis 35.14, 109.5 pseudologica fantastica 86.29–30 malignancy association 147.14 fibrillin(s) 2.36 ptosis 109.5 factor 1 deficiency 82.18 Far East scarlet-like fever 26.36 fibrillin-1 radiotherapy for skin cancer 24.10 factor XIIIa 3.22 Farber disease 81.7 actinic elastosis biomarker 96.4 skin diseases 109.5 famciclovir 19.44 hyaline fibromatosis syndrome gene mutations 56.16, 96.9–10 surgery 20.5 post-herpetic neuralgia treatment 84.5 differential diagnosis 72.18 fibrillinopathies 72.15–17 tumours 109.46–51 familial adenomatous polyposis farm environment 41.8 fibrin benign 109.46–9 (FAP) 74.8, 80.13 Fas ligand (FasL) 8.53–4 pericapillary 39.19 malignant 109.49–51 Gardner syndrome 74.8, 134.1, 142.39 fasciitis wound healing 10.4–5 warts 109.36, 109.38 oral lesions 110.24 ischaemic 137.6 fibrin plug, wound healing 10.2–3 wedge excision 20.33 Muir–Torre syndrome differential malignancy association 147.21 fibrinogen defects 101.3 ezetimibe, familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnosis 142.39 necrotizing 26.74 fibrinoid degeneration 3.35 management 62.7 familial amyloid polyneuropathy 58.11–12 nodular 110.61, 137.4–5 fibrinolysis, venous malformation 73.11 familial annular erythema 47.7 systemic sclerosis differential fibroblast(s) 2.4, 2.40–2.41 F familial benign chronic pemphigus, diagnosis 56.15 acute phase inflammation 8.2 fabricated illness 86.30 radiotherapy 24.6 Fascin 136.3 ageing of skin 155.7–8 Fabry disease 81.7–9, 150.3 familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome FasL, induction 12.3 chromosomal mosaicism 76.5 angiokeratoma 103.9 see Muckle–Wells syndrome fat, acquired generalized collagen fibril effects 155.7 circumscriptum 103.14 familial cold urticaria syndrome 45.5 lipodystrophy 100.2 collagen synthesis 2.40–1 corporis diffusum 81.7, 81.8, 81.9 familial dysautonomia fat cell tumours 137.58–61 collapse 155.7–8 clinical features 81.7–8 hyperhidrosis 94.5 fat hypertrophy 100.12–13 dermal 2.45 differential diagnosis 81.8 respiratory disorder association 151.5 insulin-induced localized 100.12–13 high-power microscopy 3.32 genetics 81.7 familial frontonasal dysplasia, type 1 74.8 fat necrosis 99.8 HOX gene expression 2.41 investigations 81.8–9 familial haemophagocytic see also subcutaneous fat necrosis, of the inflammatory response 8.6 management 81.9 lymphohistiocytosis 136.9 newborn keloid 10.9 nephropathy 153.1 malignant histiocytosis differential fat redistribution syndrome see HIV- proteoglycan/glycosaminoglycan pathophysiology 81.7 diagnosis 136.27 associated lipodystrophy synthesis 2.40–1 variants 81.8 familial hibernian fever see tumour necrosis fat reduction 160.11–12 recruitment in wound healing 10.7–8 face factor (TNF) receptor-associated cryolipolysis 160.11–12 wound healing 10.8 angiosarcoma 137.36 periodic syndrome (TRAPS) high-intensity focused mesenchymal precursors 10.10 botulinum toxin A injection 158.3–7 familial hypercholesterolaemia 62.6–7 ultrasound 160.11–12 fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2.3, 2.4 congenital melanocytic naevi 75.13–14 clinical features 62.6–7 fat, subcutaneous 2.43 wound healing 10.6, 10.11 dermatomyositis 53.4–5 definition 62.6 anatomy 99.1, 99.2, 99.3 fibroblast growth factor 7 (FGF-7), wound disfigurement with infantile diagnostic criteria 62.7 cellular composition 99.2, 99.3 healing 2.40 haemangiomas 117.21–2 epidemiology 62.6 functions 2.43 fibroblast growth factor fibrous 137.2–3 investigations 62.7 inflammatory diseases 99.6–8 receptor(s) (FGFR) glial heterotopic nodules 137.52–3 lipid concentrations 62.7 necrosis in the newborn 116.14–16 acanthosis nigricans 87.3 hair sinus 123.23 management 62.7 physiology 99.4–6 Crouzon syndrome 67.7, 87.3 Horner syndrome 85.14–15 pathophysiology 62.6 psychosocial aspects 99.1 fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 infiltrating lipomatosis 100.17–18 tendon xanthomas 62.2, 62.6 T cells 99.7 (FGFR2) 19.43 mucopolysaccharidoses 81.2–3 xanthelasmas 62.4 FAT4 gene mutations 73.19 signalling 90.3 radiotherapy for skin cancer 24.11, 24.12 familial lipoedema 74.10 fatigue, systemic sclerosis 56.13 fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) venous malformation 73.10 familial lupus anticoagulant syndrome see FATP4 gene mutations 65.35 epidermal naevus syndrome 75.7 see also surgery, facial antiphospholipid syndrome fatty acids 99.4 fibroblastic rheumatism 55.4, 154.8 face, head and neck, swollen 105.14–17 familial mandibuloacral dysplasia 72.24–5 topical medication 18.7 fibrocytes 8.6 clinical features 105.16 familial Mediterranean fever 45.1, 45.2, fauces, examination 110.7 fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva 72.31 definition 105.14 45.2, 45.3, 45.5–6, 58.13 Favre–Chaix purpura 101.8 fibroepithelial polyps, vulval 112.30 epidemiology 105.15 amyloid A amyloidosis 153.2 Favre–Racouchot syndrome 90.26, 96.3 fibroepithelioma of Pinkus 138.12 investigations 105.16 clinical features 45.6 FBN1 gene mutations 72.16, 72.18 fibrofolliculoma 138.16 management 105.16–17 IgA vasculitis association 102.14 FcRn/Fc complex 8.58, 14.3 acne vulgaris differential pathophysiology 105.15–16 pathophysiology 45.5–6 FcεRI 8.57, 8.58 diagnosis 90.25 facial Afro-Caribbean childhood scrotal inflammation 111.20 FcεRII 8.57, 8.58 fibrohistiocytic tumours 3.22, 137.19–23 eruption 91.18, 91.19 systemic lupus erythematosus Felty syndrome fibrokeratoma facial artery 20.3 differential diagnosis 51.27 leg ulcers 55.3 acquired digital 137.4 facial fillers, foreign-body cheilitis 110.85 familial melanoma syndrome 147.7 oral ulceration 110.16 acquired ungual 95.26–7 facial folliculitis see sycosis familial multiple lipomatosis 74.8, 74.9 female genital mutilation 112.41 surgical resection 95.58, 95.59

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fibroma fillers 157.1–11 disease course 118.13 associated disorders 106.3, 106.4–7, 106.8 calcifying aponeurotic 137.7–8 abscesses 157.9 epidemiology 118.11 causes 106.2–3 desmoplastic fibroblastoma 137.12 adverse reactions 157.8–10 erythema multiforme differential clinical presentation 106.3, 106.4–7, 106.8 nuchal-type 137.12 alginates 157.6 diagnosis 47.5 complications 106.9 plaque-like CD34-positive biodegradable 157.3–6 generalized bullous 12.3, 118.12, 118.13 drug-induced 106.2 dermal 137.8–9 bovine collagen 157.6 investigations 118.13–14 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10, pleomorphic 137.3–4 calcium hydroxylapatite 157.5–6 management 118.14 149.11 tendon sheath 137.11–12 cannula techniques 157.2–3 pathophysiology 118.12 epidemiology 106.1, 106.2 vulval 112.30 collagen 157.6 perineum/perianal region 113.8 food-induced 106.2 fibromatoses 96.30–40 collagen-stimulating 157.3–4 prognosis 118.13 investigations 106.8 camptodactyly 96.37–8 combination 157.7 fixed-effects models 17.9–10 malignancy association 147.24–5 infantile 96.33, 137.14 depot technique 157.3 flaps, surgical 20.25–7, 20.28, 20.29–30, management 106.8–9, 106.10 knuckle pads 96.34–5 fanning technique 157.3 20.30 paediatric 106.8 pachydermodactyly 96.36 human collagen 157.6 advancement 20.26–7, 20.29 pathophysiology 106.2–3 palmar fascial 96.31–3 hyaluronic acid 157.4–5 axial pattern 20.26 physiology 106.1 camptodactyly differential hydroxyethylmethacrylate and complications 20.28, 20.30–1 prognosis 106.9–10 diagnosis 96.38 ethylmethacrylate microspheres flap necrosis 20.28, 20.30 rosacea 91.12 penile 96.33–4, 137.13–14 suspended in hyaluronic acid 157.7 pedicle 20.25, 20.26, 20.30 sweating association 106.3, 106.4–7 plantar fascial 96.33 hyperpigmentation response to random pattern 20.25–6 flutamide white fibrous papulosis of the inflammation 157.11 rotation 20.26, 20.27, 20.29 female pattern hair loss neck 96.36–7 indications 157.1–2 transposition 20.26, 20.26, 20.29–30, management 89.23 see also juvenile fibromatoses inert 157.4–6 20.30 hirsutism treatment 89.68 fibromyalgia injection errors 157.8 types 20.29–30 FMO3 gene 94.17 Dercum disease differential needle techniques 157.2, 157.3 flashlamps foam cells, sphingolipidoses 81.7 diagnosis 100.17 non-biodegradable 157.6–7 hair removal 23.6 focal acantholytic dyskeratosis 110.19 psoriatic arthritis differential polyacrylamide 157.7 port-wine stains 23.9 focal acral hyperkeratosis 65.53–4 diagnosis 35.44 polyalkylamide 157.7 pulse rate 23.12 focal dermal hypoplasia 67.3, 67.3, 67.23–4 fibromyxoid sarcoma, low-grade 137.18– poly-L-lactic acid 157.2, 157.3–4 telangiectases 23.10 anetoderma differential diagnosis 96.22 19 polymethylmethacrylate and vascular lesion treatment 23.6 clinical features 67.23–4 fibromyxoma, acral 137.61–2 collagen 157.7 flavivirus infections 25.69, 25.73–4 congenital erosive and vesicular superficial 95.30 porcine collagen 157.6 flavouring agents 128.25–7 dermatosis with reticulated scarring fibronectins 2.2 risk assessment/reduction 157.8 bites 34.12–14 differential diagnosis 96.12 wound healing 10.4–5 silicones 157.6–7 bedbug bite differential diagnosis 34.25 definition 67.23 fibro-osseous pseudotumour of the skin types 157.10–11 clinical features 34.13 epidermolysis bullosa differential digits 137.5–6 techniques 157.2–3 epidemiology 34.12–13 diagnosis 71.23 fibrosarcoma types 157.3–7 investigations 34.13 Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 keloid differential diagnosis 96.48 filovirus infections 25.69 management 34.13 lips 110.10 palmar fascial fibromatosis differential finasteride 26.77 management 67.24 diagnosis 96.32 female pattern hair loss pet animals 34.12, 34.13 MIDAS syndrome differential plantar fascial fibromatosis differential management 89.23 plague 26.57, 26.58 diagnosis 67.25 diagnosis 96.33 hirsutism treatment 89.68 34.13–14 nomenclature 67.23 fibrosis male pattern baldness Flegel disease 65.70, 87.16–17 oral mucosa 110.10 morphoea 57.8 management 89.22–3 Flemming–Giovanni syndrome 89.59 pathophysiology 67.23 mucous membrane pemphigoid 109.27 fine-needle aspiration (FNA), lymph flesh flies 34.10 focal epithelial hyperplasia 110.60 management 109.34 nodes 4.22 FLG gene mutations see filaggrin (FLG) focal facial dermal dysplasia 67.25–6 nephrogenic systemic 153.4–5 finger pebbles, diabetes association 64.6 gene mutations focal mucinosis 59.14–15 oral submucous 110.56–7 fingers Fli-1 3.23 oral lesions 110.24 fibrous cutaneous nodules 96.40–5 Achenbach syndrome 101.6, 123.13 florid cutaneous papillomatosis 147.16 folate fibrous digital nodules 96.40 acquired digital fibrokeratoma 137.4 florid oral papillomatosis 110.38 metabolic pathway and methotrexate fibrous hamartoma of infancy 137.6–7 callosities 123.11–12 flower bugs 34.28 interaction 19.23 fibrous histiocytoma 137.19–21 digital mucous cyst 137.62 fluconazole 19.44 supplementation in methotrexate aneurysmal 137.19, 137.20, 137.21 distal phalangeal erosive lesions 95.47 coccidioidomycosis treatment 32.89 therapy 19.24 angiomatoid 137.64–5 fibro-osseous pseudotumour of the dermatophytosis treatment 32.34 folate deficiency 63.18–19, 88.24 atypical 137.21 digits 137.5–6 failure 32.35 aphthous ulceration 110.39 cellular 137.19, 137.20, 137.21 fiddler’s 123.11 flucytosine 19.44 deficiency glossitis 110.64 clinical features 137.21 fused fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy iron deficiency differential epidemiology 137.19–20 in Kindler syndrome 71.19 (FLIM) 155.5 diagnosis 63.24 epithelioid 137.21 in recessive generalized severe fluorescence neural tube defects 85.9 management 137.21 dystrophic epidermolysis microlymphangiography 105.53, vitamin B12 deficiency differential pathophysiology 137.20–1 bullosa 71.17 105.54 diagnosis 63.20 fibrous papule of the face 137.2–3 inclusion body fibromatosis 137.10–11 fluorescence microscopy, viral folate synthesis inhibitors 19.43 fibrous tumours 137.2–19 paronychia 95.37 infections 25.5 folds, filler use 157.1–2 fibroxanthoma, atypical 137.22–3 paroxysmal haematoma 96.16–17 fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), foliate papillitis 110.60 radiation-induced 24.19, 137.22 primary syphilis 95.37 melanoma diagnosis 143.19 folic acid, metabolic pathway 19.14 fibulins 2.2, 2.36–7 silicone rubber prosthesis 95.63 fluorescent tubes folinic acid 19.24 fiddler’s fingers 123.11 see also clubbing UVR exposure 9.13 follicle centre cell lymphoma 140.37, fiddler’s neck 90.24, 123.11 fingertip UVR source 9.3 140.40–1 field blocks 20.12 painful dorsolateral fissure 95.37 fluoroquinolones 19.42 follicle mites 34.52–4, 109.10, 109.13 field carcinogenesis, clinical unit 18.3–4 fluorouracil clinical features 34.53–4 features 146.10 fish odour syndrome 94.16–17 Flegel disease treatment 87.17 pathophysiology 34.53 fifth disease 117.6 olfactory reference syndrome differential HPV infection treatment 18.13 follicular atrophoderma 96.14–15 human parvovirus B19 5.10 diagnosis 86.9 hyperpigmentation induction 120.8 see also Bazex syndrome filaggrin 2.1, 2.6–7, 39.3 fish, venomous 131.4 multiple minute digitate keratoses follicular hyperkeratosis 3.36 atopic eczema 41.2 Fishman syndrome 100.18 treatment 87.18 follicular infundibulum functions 8.4, 8.42 fistulous tracts, schistosomiasis 33.25 5-fluorouracil 18.26 comedo naevus 138.4–5 filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations 8.56, 39.3, Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome 30.12, 30.13 actinic keratosis treatment 142.8, 142.9, tumour 138.3–4 39.4, 65.3–4, 129.3 Fitzpatrick classification of skin types 9.8 146.15 follicular keratoses see keratosis follicularis atopic eczema 41.5–6, 41.8, 41.11, 41.23 fixatives, biopsy of skin 3.5 anal intraepithelial neoplasia 113.17 follicular lichen planus 37.6–7, 37.12, hand eczema 39.13 artefacts 3.28 basal cell carcinoma treatment 141.14 89.37–40 filariasis fixed drug eruptions (FDEs) 12.3, 88.28, Bowen disease treatment 142.21, 142.22 follicular mucinoses 59.15–17, 140.15–16 genital lymphoedema 105.18, 105.19 88.29, 118.11–14 intralesional therapy 20.44 acquired cicatricial alopecia 89.36 immunity 33.8 causes 118.12 keratoacanthoma treatment 142.36 clinical features 140.16 life cycle 105.43 clinical features 118.12–13 nail colouration 95.14 definition 140.15 river blindness 109.42–3 complications/co-morbidities 118.13 wart treatment 25.52 management 140.16 see also lymphatic filariasis differential diagnosis 118.12–13 flushing 106.1–3, 106.4–7, 106.8–10 pathophysiology 140.15–16

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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Pinkus 59.15–16, 59.17 callosities/corns/calluses 123.6–8 Fox’s sign 152.6 lymphoedema 105.52 scalp 107.7 contact casting 85.6–7 fractalkine, Dercum disease 100.16 mal de Meleda 65.48 trichodysplasia spinulosa differential diabetic 64.2 fractional photothermolysis 160.7 microscopy in diagnosis 4.22 diagnosis 87.15 erythromelalgia 84.10 ablative 160.7–8, 160.9, 160.9, 160.10 moulds 32.3 urticaria-like 59.16–17 haemosiderotic fibrolipomatous non-ablative 160.8, 160.9 nails, differential diagnosis 95.44 follicular naevus/naevus comedonicus tumour 137.63 fragile X syndrome 74.5, 76.4–5 neonatal 116.27 syndrome 75.7 hair sinus 123.22 macrotia 108.5 occupational irritant contact dermatitis follicular occlusion triad 107.8 immersion foot 125.3–4 fragrances 128.25–7 differential diagnosis 130.3 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.2 ischaemic 103.2 allergy oral lesions 110.53–4 folliculitis 26.21–3, 90.29–30 juvenile plantar dermatosis 39.21–2 clinical features 128.25–6 panniculitis 99.58 actinic 93.6 mycetoma 32.74, 32.75 prevalence 128.25 perineum/perianal region 113.7, 113.11 bacterial 93.2 neuropathic 85.5 avoidance 128.26 Pneumocystis jiroveci cutaneous causative organisms 26.22 pedal papules of infancy 117.14 delayed-type hypersensitivity 8.60 infection 32.95 chronic 26.22 piezogenic pedal papules 123.25–6 patch tests 128.26–7 pruritus ani differential diagnosis 113.5 clinical features 26.22–3 pressure offloading 85.6–7 photocontact facial melanosis 88.12 reproduction 32.4 decalvans 89.43–4, 90.30 trench foot 125.3–4 phototoxic 127.28 respiratory disorder association 151.4 acquired cicatricial alopecia 89.36 ulceration prevention 85.6 framycetin 18.11 spore formation 32.4 tufted folliculitis 89.44 142.28 Francisella tularensis 26.56–7 subcutaneous mycoses 32.70–81 defensin activity 8.14 wet gangrene in diabetes 64.1 Franklin disease 110.60 Basidiobolus 32.80–1 definition 26.21 see also toe(s) Frank’s sign 108.6 chromoblastomycosis 32.76–8 dermatophytosis 32.22 foot and mouth disease 25.79–80 coronary artery disease 150.5 classification 32.70 diabetes 64.4 foot ulcer, diabetic 64.2 see ephelides Conidiobolus coronatus 32.80–1 disseminate and recurrent footprinting 160.2 freckling, axillary in NF1 80.1, 80.2, 80.3 culture 32.70 infundibulofolliculitis 93.6–7 footwear free fatty acids (FFAs) 90.20 histopathology 32.70 eosinophilic pustular 93.7–8, 93.9, calluses/corns/callosities 123.7, 123.8 free margins, facial surgery 20.2 identification 32.70 117.11–12 deformities 123.6 friction 123.5–13 lobomycosis 32.79 infantile 93.9–10 insoles 123.9 callosities/corns/calluses 123.6–8 mycetoma 32.73–6 epidemiology 26.22 nail trauma 95.18–21 coefficient 123.6 phaeohyphomycosis 32.78–9 Gram-negative Fordyce spots 93.10–12, 110.18, 111.5–6, dynamic 123.6 rhinosporidiosis 32.79–80 acneform drug eruption differential 112.3 sports injuries 123.15–16 sporotrichosis 32.71–3 diagnosis 118.17 acne vulgaris differential static 123.6 superficial mycoses 32.6–23, 32.24, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 26.52 diagnosis 90.25 friction blisters 123.6, 123.8–10 32.25–8, 32.29, 32.30–70 hair pulling 86.18 foreign-body reactions definition 123.8 black piedra 32.15–16 HIV infection 31.20, 89.47, 107.10 cheilitis 110.85 epidemiology 123.9 classification 32.6 immunodeficiency association 148.15 clinical features 123.17–18 management 123.9–10 collection of material 32.7–8 investigations 26.23 definition 123.16 pathophysiology 123.9 culture 32.8–9 keloidalis 90.30, 93.3–4 fibreglass dermatitis 123.21, 130.1 frontonasal dysplasia, hair follicle naevus dermatophyte-induced 32.35–51 Malassezia 31.28, 32.13–14, 76.2, 90.30 hair 123.22–3 association 138.7 dermatophytosis 32.18–35 management 26.23, 90.30 hair-thread tourniquet syndrome 123.23 99.35, 125.2–3 direct examination 32.8 necrotizing infundibular hypertrophic scars 96.46 acronecrosis 95.47 identification 32.6–10 crystalline 65.69 intralesional corticosteroids 123.20 clinical features 125.2 isolate identification 32.10 necrotizing lymphocytic of the scalp investigations 123.18, 123.19 definition 125.2 molecular diagnostics 32.9–10 margin 93.4–5 keloid 96.46 ear piercing complications 108.8 Neoscytalidium 32.51–3 occupational acne differential management 123.18 investigations 125.2 otomycosis 32.17–18 diagnosis 130.11 mechanical injury 123.16–18, 123.19, management 125.2–3 saprophytic moulds 32.18 oil 130.14 123.20–3 pathophysiology 125.2 tinea nigra 32.14–15 pathophysiology 26.22 paraffinoma 99.47, 123.20 prognosis 125.2 white piedra 32.16–17 perforating 153.3 pathophysiology 123.16–17 severity classification 125.2 systemic mycoses 32.81–96 perineum/perianal region 113.9–10 penile 111.8 fucosidosis 81.5 Aspergillus 32.94–5 Pityrosporum, acneform drug eruption pentazocine ulcers 123.20 fuel oils, occupational skin cancers 130.14 blastomycosis 32.85–7 differential diagnosis 118.17 pseudofolliculitis 112.24 fulguration 20.41, 20.42 coccidioidomycosis 32.87–9 scalp 90.30, 93.5–6 sarcoidosis 98.7, 98.9 fumarate hydratase (FH) 147.12 cryptococcosis 32.92–3 necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis differential diagnosis 98.2, 98.14 fumaric acid esters 19.15–17 cultures 32.82 of the scalp margin differential vulval 98.14 adverse effects 19.16 Exophiala dermatidis 32.95 diagnosis 93.5 silicone reactions 123.20–1 contraindications 19.16 histoplasmosis 32.82–5 staphylococcal 31.20 tattoo complications 88.54–5, 123.21–2 dermatological uses 19.16 identification 32.81–2 transient acantholytic dermatosis vitamin injections 123.20 dose 19.16, 19.17 mucormycosis 32.94 differential diagnosis 87.23 foreskin see prepuce drug–drug interactions 19.16 paracoccidioidomycosis 32.89–90 tufted 89.44 forest plot 17.10 monitoring 19.16–17 pathophysiology 32.81 varicella-zoster virus 31.23 formaldehyde pharmacological esters 19.16 Pythium insidiosum 32.95 see also sycosis allergic contact dermatitis 128.33–4 plaque psoriasis treatment 19.16, 35.26, serological tests 32.81–2 Fonsecaea pedrosoi 32.77–8 clothing resins 128.45, 128.46 35.28 Talaromyces marneffei 32.90–1 food(s) contact with 5.4 regimens 19.16, 19.17 Trichosporon 32.94–5 allergic contact urticaria 128.82–3, exposure 128.33 fungal antigens, delayed sensitivity taxonomy 32.3–5 128.84 hyperhidrosis treatment 94.8 testing 4.24–5 vulval 112.25–7 cheilitis 110.83 regulatory measures 128.76 fungal infections 32.1–6 Wood’s light examination 32.6–7 flushing induction 106.2 resins 128.50–1 aphthous ulceration 110.40 yeasts 32.3 94.7–8 topical therapy 18.9, 18.33 atrophic scars 96.11 yellow-nail syndrome differential oral hyperpigmentation 110.66–7 formaldehyde-releasing preservatives/ classification 32.3, 32.3–5 diagnosis 105.34 urticaria 42.5, 42.13, 47.7–8 biocides 128.34–5 conidia 32.4 see also candidosis; named organisms food additives formalin, wart treatment 25.51–2 dimorphic 32.3 and conditions; onychomycosis; allergy 128.15 , cocaine use 121.3 disseminated otomycosis flavouring agents 128.25–7 Formicidae 34.15 causing arthropathy 154.5 fungi spices 128.25–7 foscarnet infectious panniculitis 99.44 biology 32.2–6 food allergies 41.24 drug eruptions 31.18 erythema nodosum 99.19 classification 32.2, 32.3–5 atopic eczema 41.12–13, 41.31–2 herpes simplex virus treatment 31.23 external ear 108.15 conidia 32.5 cross-reactivity 128.83 26.74, 111.22, 111.23 genital 111.24 dimorphic 32.2 IgE 8.56 HIV infection 31.20 heterosexual men 31.26 erythromelalgia association 103.7 foot FOXC2 gene mutations 103.34, 103.36, histological sections 3.39 moulds 32.2 acral fibromyxoma 137.62 103.37, 105.25, 105.30 HIV infection 31.26–8 nomenclature 32.2–3, 32.5–6 allergic contact dermatitis 128.17 genital lymphoedema 105.17, 105.18 infectious panniculitis 99.43–4 polymorphism 32.5 biomechanics 123.7 lymphoedema–distichiasis infective cheilitis 110.87 reproduction 28.4, 32.2–3 burning feet syndrome 85.16–17 syndrome 150.3 IRIS/IRD/IRAD 31.36 spore (conidia) formation 32.4, 32.5 calcified cutaneous nodules of the Fox–Fordyce disease 94.17–18 irritant contact dermatitis differential taxonomy 32.3–5 heels 117.14 FOXP-1 3.25 diagnosis 129.4 yeasts 32.2

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fungicides, oral submucous fibrosis garlic allergy 128.51–2, 128.53 genetic linkage 7.8 genito-urinary tract, generalized severe association 110.56 Garrod’s pads 123.11 genetics/genetic factors 5.9, 7.1–2, 7.2–3, recessive dystrophic epidermolysis funnel web spiders 34.33 26.47–8 7.4–10 bullosa 71.26 furin 8.36 necrotizing subcutaneous infection epigenetic phenomena 7.6 genodermatoses 7.2 furrows, linear 96.2 differential diagnosis 26.74 genetic linkage 7.6 hidradenitis suppurativa furuncle 26.23–5 gastrointestinal cancer, acanthosis historical aspects 1.8 association 92.2 clinical features 26.24–5 nigricans association 87.3, infants 117.12–13 inheritance patterns 7.2, 7.2–3 definition 26.23 147.14–15 information websites 7.1–2 internal malignancy association 147.7– differential diagnosis 26.24–5 gastrointestinal diseases inheritance 7.2, 7.2–3, 7.4 13 epidemiology 26.23 aphthous ulceration 110.41–2 linkage studies 7.8 prenatal diagnosis 7.9–10 investigations 26.25 Candida albicans 32.56–7 medical 7.2, 7.2–3, 7.4 vulval 112.4–5 management 26.25 generalized severe recessive dystrophic molecular mimicry 7.6 genome 7.1, 7.4 pathophysiology 26.23–4 epidermolysis bullosa 71.25–6 mosaicism 7.4, 7.7–8 sequence 7.8–9 PVL 26.24, 26.25 glucocorticoid adverse effects 19.19, prenatal diagnosis 7.9–10 genome-wide association studies 7.9 variants 26.24 19.20 receptor effects 7.6 genomic imprinting 7.4–5 furunculosis malabsorption 152.7 respiratory disorder association 151.4–5 genomics, functional 7.1 botryomycosis differential microflora and atopic eczema single-gene disorders 7.2 genophotodermatoses 127.1 diagnosis 26.73 relationship 41.9 terminology 7.2 investigations 127.35 diabetes 26.23–4 oral manifestations 110.89 see also pharmacogenetics gentamicin 18.11 hidradenitis suppurativa differential retinoid adverse effects 19.38 genital candidosis 32.64–6, 111.23 gentian violet 18.33, 88.53 diagnosis 92.7 rosacea association 91.4 genital dermatoses geographic tongue 110.9, 110.13–14, 110.21 infection 27.43 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.18 allergic 128.18 oral soreness 110.63 perineum/perianal region 113.9–10 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 anaphylactoid purpura 111.20 psoriasis 35.14, 35.15 staphylococcal of pinna 108.11 systemic sclerosis 56.15 Bowen disease 142.18, 142.19 geotrichosis, oral lesions 110.54 Fusarium spp. 32.55 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.18 deep ‘aggressive’ angiomyxoma 137.64 geroderma osteodysplastica 72.12 fusidic acid 18.10–11 gastro-oesophageal reflux, systemic historical aspects 1.8 GGCX gene mutations 72.30 fusion inhibitors 31.9 sclerosis 56.4, 56.13, 56.15 intraepithelial neoplasia 142.25 Gianotti–Crosti syndrome 25.32, 25.37, Fusobacterium 26.64 gastrostomy, painful bleeding 114.113 investigations 111.4 25.87–9, 117.11 acute necrotizing (ulcerative) gastrulation 2.3 lymphangiectasia 105.41 associated infections 25.88 gingivitis 110.52 GATA1 gene mutations 116.8 male 111.36 clinical features 25.88–9 tropical ulcer 26.65–6 GATA2 gene mutations 73.20, 105.17, artefacts 111.7–9 epidemiology 25.88 Fusobacterium ulcerans 26.65 105.18, 105.30 benign tumours 111.26–7 hepatitis association 152.9 Gaucher cells, sphingolipidoses 81.7 carcinoma in situ 111.27–9 hepatitis B association 25.64 G Gaucher disease examination 111.2–4 investigations 25.89 gabapentin 86.38 collodion baby 116.19 extramammary Paget disease 147.7 management 25.89 restless legs syndrome type 1 81.6, 81.7 history taking 111.2–4 pathophysiology 25.88 management 85.17 type 2 65.27, 65.28, 81.6 inflammatory 111.9–21 pityriasis lichenoides differential gadolinium contrast agents, nephrogenic type 3 81.6 malignancy 111.29–34 diagnosis 135.5 systemic fibrosis 96.41 gel(s) 18.2 non-sexually transmitted giant cell arteritis 102.33–5 galactorrhoea, endocrine disorder skin gel nails 95.62–3 infections 111.21–4 clinical features 102.34 signs 149.10 removal 95.63 precancerous dermatoses 111.27–9 definition 102.33 galactosidosis 81.6 gel polish 95.63 sexually transmitted epidemiology 102.33–4 Galen (Roman physician) 1.3 gelatinases 2.33 infections 111.24–6 investigations 102.35 gallates 18.8 gelsolin amyloidosis 110.59 trauma 111.7–9 management 102.35 gallbladder disorders 152.4–5 gemcitabine-associated ulceration 111.4, 111.17–19 oral lesions 110.54–5 Galli–Galli disease 70.3, 70.14 livedoid thrombotic mucous membrane pemphigoid 50.27 pathophysiology 102.34 transient acantholytic dermatosis microangiopathy 99.56–7 peno-scrotodynia differential giant cell(s), high-power differential diagnosis 87.23 gene therapy 14.1 diagnosis 84.9 microscopy 3.31–2 Gamasida 34.52 gene tracking 7.8 sarcoidosis 98.14 giant cell tumour gamma benzene hydrochloride 18.13 generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) 86.4 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.17, angioblastoma 137.34 ganglion cysts, digital myxoid cyst 59.15 generalized bullous fixed drug eruption 119.18 fibroblastoma 137.16 gangrene (GBFDE) 12.3, 118.12, 118.13 management 119.20 radiography 95.48 blackfoot disease with arsenic investigations 118.13–14 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.17, 119.18 of tendon sheath 137.19 toxicity 122.3 management 118.14 management 119.20 giant condyloma of penis 111.32 Fournier 26.74 generalized exfoliative dermatitis vulvodynia differential diagnosis 84.9 giant lichenification of Pautrier 39.29 HIV infection 31.20 (GED) 119.11–12 see also vulva; vulval conditions giant melanotrichoblastoma 138.11 mixed connective tissue disease 54.2, 54.3 drug-induced 118.17–18, 119.11–12 genital dysaesthetic syndromes 84.1 giant water bugs 34.28 neonatorum 116.26 generalized follicular basaloid hamartoma genital herpes 111.24 gigantism, macroglossia 110.60 oro-facial 116.26 syndrome 141.4 maternal 25.22, 25.23 gingiva peripheral 103.2 generalized hereditary hypotrichosis primary 25.20–2 argyria 122.7 progressive bacterial synergistic 26.74 simplex 68.4, 68.16 recurrent 25.21 pregnancy changes 115.2–3 rheumatoid arthritis 55.3 generalized lymphatic dysplasia 105.27, genital intraepithelial neoplasia 142.25 gingivitis synergic with stomas 114.3, 114.4 105.28 genital lesions, lichen planus 37.6 acute necrotizing (ulcerative) 110.52–3 treatment 103.4 swollen face, head and neck 105.15 genital melanosis, laser treatment 23.13 bacterial, mucous membrane wet of foot 64.1 generalized skin disease, linear genital naevi, atypical 112.32 pemphigoid differential see also ecthyma gangrenosum; gas manifestations 75.19 genital oedema 105.5 diagnosis 50.29 gangrene; pyoderma gangrenosum genes 7.2, 7.4 genital papular dyskeratosis desquamative 32.63 gangrenous cellulitis 26.74 autosomal 7.4 acantholytic 112.43 oral soreness 110.63 gangrenous pyoderma see pyoderma copy number variation 7.4 Darier disease differential scurvy association 63.21 gangrenosum features 7.5 diagnosis 112.5 gingivostomatitis gap junctions 2.19, 2.20 mutations 7.5–7, 7.8 genital ulceration mercury toxicity 122.5 function 2.19 frameshift 7.6 HIV infection 113.13 primary herpetic 25.16–17, 25.18 scarring 10.8 gain-of-function 7.6 primary herpes genitalis 25.20–2 white folded (see white sponge naevus) Gardner syndrome 74.8, 80.13 missense 7.5 genital warts see ano-genital warts GJB2 gene mutations 65.30 benign symmetrical lipomatosis nonsense 7.5 genitalia, male glanders 26.53–4 differential diagnosis 100.15 point 7.5 congenital/developmental glans penis, psoriasis 35.12 clinical features 80.13 penetrance 7.4 abnormalities 111.7 glatiramer acetate injections epidermoid cysts 134.1 genetic counselling 7.9 embryology 111.4–5 lupus panniculitis differential investigations 80.13 congenital erythropoietic factitious lesions 99.47 diagnosis 99.36 management 80.13 porphyria 60.11 function 111.4–5 panniculitis 99.48 Muir–Torre syndrome differential erythropoietic protoporphyria 60.16 structure 111.4–5 glaucoma diagnosis 142.39 melanoma 143.6 swollen 105.17–19 atopic eye disease 109.22 oral lesions 110.24 porphyria cutanea tarda 60.14 variants 111.5–7 phakomatosis pigmentovascularis 75.23 pathophysiology 80.13 variegate porphyria 60.18 genito-ano-rectal syndrome 30.18 Sturge–Weber syndrome 75.22 GARFIELD acronym 82.2 genetic disorders, obesity 100.26 genito-gingival syndrome 111.16 Gleich syndrome 43.4

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 34 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 35

gliadin 50.53 gluten-free diet 50.54, 50.55 see also antiglomerular basement oral 110.39 glial heterotopic nodules 137.52–3 gluten-sensitive enteropathy (GSE) membrane vasculitis disease primitive polypoid 137.62–3 glial proliferation, tuberosclerotic dermatitis herpetiformis 50.52–3 Gordon syndrome, camptodactyly 96.37 granulation tissue, wound healing 10.3, nodules 80.10 subacute cutaneous lupus Gorham–Stout syndrome 105.39 10.7 gliomas 80.10 erythematosus association 51.12 diffuse lymphangiomatosis 137.41 granulocyte colony-stimulating factor Global Burden of Disease 2020 study 5.5–8 glyceryl trinitrate 18.37 lymphatic malformations 73.16 (G-CSF), Sweet syndrome 49.8, 49.9 global genome repair (GGR) 9.6 anal fissure management 113.29 Gorlin naevoid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) granulocyte–macrophage colony- glomangioma, multiple inherited 137.44 Raynaud phenomenon treatment 125.10 syndrome see naevoid basal cell stimulating factor (GM-CSF), atopic glomangiomyoma 137.43, 137.44 glycine-glutamate-lysine-glycine carcinoma (BCC) syndrome eczema 41.10 Glomeromycota 28.3, 28.4, 32.3, 32.4 (GEKG) 156.4 Gorlin’s sign 72.4 granulocytic sarcoma, aphthous glomeruloid haemangioma 137.25 Gottron syndrome see acrogeria ulceration 110.40 glomulin gene 137.44 acquired ichthyoses treatment 87.2 Gottron’s papules, dermatomyositis 53.6 granuloma 3.36 glomus tumour 3.21, 3.22, 137.43–5 chemical peel 88.34, 159.2, 159.4, 159.8, Gougerot–Carteaud syndrome 87.5 delayed-type hypersensitivity 8.60 clinical features 137.44–5 159.9 gout 154.9–10 gravidarum 137.26 definition 137.43 skin of colour 159.13 hyperhidrosis 94.5 idiopathic facial aseptic 91.15 epidemiology 137.43–4 glycopeptides 19.42–3 hyperlipoproteinaemia type III 62.8 miliary 116.25 nail 95.22–3 glycoprotein degradation disorders 81.4–5 psoriatic arthritis differential peristomal 114.11 pathophysiology 137.44 classification 81.4 diagnosis 35.44 schistosomiasis 33.25 radiography 95.48 glycopyrollate tophaceous 99.57, 154.9–10 severe combined glomuvenous malformations 73.13–14, gustatory sweating treatment 18.33 gouty panniculitis 99.57–8 immunodeficiency 82.8 110.15, 137.44 hyperhidrosis treatment 94.9 gouty tophi, pinna 108.13, 108.14 telangiectaticum 137.26 glossitis glycopyrronium 18.33 G-protein(s), heterotrimeric 75.20–1 see also pyogenic granuloma; sarcoid deficiency 110.64 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) 2.37, 2.38, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) 14.4, granuloma folate deficiency association 63.19 2.39, 2.40 14.5 granuloma annulare 97.1–8 median rhomboid 32.63, 110.71 deposition in pretibial Grading of Recommendations, annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma riboflavin deficiency differential myxoedema 105.48 Assessment, Development differential diagnosis 96.27 diagnosis 63.15 lysosomal storage disorders 81.2, 81.3 and Evaluations (GRADE) annular lichen planus differential vitamin B12 deficiency association 63.20 mechanical function 123.5 approach 17.11 diagnosis 37.8–9 glossodynia see burning mouth syndrome synthesis by fibroblasts 2.40–1 graft-versus-host disease 38.1–11 associated diseases 97.2 glossopyrosis see burning mouth glycosylation, congenital disorders 81.2, acute 38.1, 38.2–3, 38.3–6 clinical features 97.1, 97.3–7 syndrome 81.10–12 clinical features 38.3–5 complications/co-morbidities 97.7 gloves, hand eczema protection 39.17 Glycyphagidae 34.48 investigations 38.5 definition 97.1 glucagon 145.19–20 glycyrrhetinic acid 18.35–6 management 38.5–6, 38.7 diabetes association 64.5–6 glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) 145.20 glypicans 2.37 severity 38.5 differential diagnosis 97.6–7 burns treatment 126.11 GM1 gangliosidosis 81.6 treatment ladder 38.6 disease course 97.7 glucagonoma 47.13, 47.14, 47.15, 145.19–20 GNAQ mutated melanoma 143.33–4 chronic 32.10, 32.11, 38.1, 38.2, 38.3, disseminated 97.4 oral ulceration 110.56 gnathophyma 91.8 38.6–9 drug-induced 97.2 glucagonoma syndrome 147.19 Gnathostoma hispidum 33.20, 33.21 autoimmune model 38.2 elastosis perforans serpiginosa erythema multiforme differential Gnathostoma nipponicum 33.20 chronic donor T-cell activation 38.2 differential diagnosis 96.53 diagnosis 47.5 Gnathostoma spinigerum 33.20, 33.21 clinical features 32.10, 38.6–9 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 necrolytic migratory erythema 47.13, gnathostomiasis 33.20–2 clinical variants 38.8–9 epidemiology 97.1–2 152.6 gnats 34.6 complications/comorbidities 38.9 generalized 97.4, 97.5 vulval lesions 112.42–3 goitre, blepharochalasis association 96.25 management 38.9, 38.11 hand 97.1 see also necrolytic migratory erythema gold sclerotic disease 38.8, 38.9, 100.4 histological sections 3.40 glucan 31.17 contact allergy 128.16, 128.23–4 severity 38.9, 38.10 HIV infection 31.17 β-glucan synthase inhibitors 19.43 hyperpigmentation 88.53 treatment ladder 38.11 infections 97.2 glucocorticoid(s) 19.17 oral 110.66 classification 38.1 interstitial 97.2, 97.3 acquired resistance 19.19–20 immune reactions 122.3 cutaneous investigations 97.7 adrenal suppression 19.19 oro-facial granulomatosis 128.61 extracorporeal knuckle pads differential adverse effects 19.18–19 reactions to 122.3–4 photochemotherapy 21.6–7 diagnosis 96.35 bone effects 19.19, 19.20 sensitization 122.3 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.6 localized 97.3, 97.4 cautions 19.19–20 ear piercing complications 108.7 definition 38.1 malignancy association 147.23 collagen biosynthesis inhibition 2.31 Goldenhar syndrome dyskeratosis congenita differential management 97.7 contraindications 19.20 microtia 108.4 diagnosis 69.15 necrobiosis lipoidica association 97.2, dermatological uses 19.17 peri-auricular anomalies 108.5 epidemiology 38.1–2 97.9 dose 19.20–1 golimumab, psoriatic arthritis erythema multiforme differential pathophysiology 97.2–3 drug–drug interactions 19.20 treatment 19.29, 35.46 diagnosis 47.5 perforating 97.3, 97.4–5, 97.7 infection susceptibility 19.19, 19.20 Goltz syndrome/Goltz–Gorlin syndrome lichen planus nail changes 95.45 periosis differential diagnosis 125.5 mineralocorticoid effects 19.18 see focal dermal hypoplasia lichenoid 112.12 prognosis 97.7 monitoring 19.21 Gomm–Button disease see macrophage inhibitory factor role 8.23 sarcoidal 97.3 pharmacological properties 19.17–18 Sweet syndrome mast cell role 2.17 scalp 107.6 pre-treatment screening 19.20 Gomori silver impregnation technique 3.8, mucocele 110.61 subcutaneous 97.3, 97.5, 97.6, 99.13–15 regimens 19.20–1 3.9 mucous membrane pemphigoid clinical features 99.13 steroid withdrawal syndrome 19.18–19 gonococcal infections, complement differential diagnosis 50.29 differential diagnosis 99.14 glucocorticoid receptor 18.14–15 cascade defects 82.17 ocular complications 109.36 investigations 99.14–15 glucocorticoid receptor b (GRb) 18.15 gonorrhoea 30.1–4, 30.5, 30.6–8 oral lesions 110.55 necrobiotic xanthogranuloma glucocorticoid response elements causative organism 30.3 pathophysiology 38.2–3 differential diagnosis 99.17 (GRE) 18.15 clinical features 30.3–4, 30.5, 30.6–7 skin cancer 146.9 pathophysiology 99.13–14 gluconolactone 156.3–4 co-morbidities 30.4 toxic erythema of chemotherapy sun exposure 97.2 glucose, sweat composition 94.4 complications 30.4, 30.5 differential diagnosis 120.2 trauma 97.2 glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT- definition 30.1 transfusion-associated 148.19 tuberculoid 97.3 1) 117.18, 117.21 differential diagnosis 30.3–4 verruciform 110.62 variants 97.3–6 glucose transporter receptor 4 (GLUT- disease course 30.6–7 vulval erosions 112.42 see also necrobiotic granuloma 4) 99.4 epidemiology 30.1–2 Graham–Little syndrome 89.39–40 102.11–13 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase investigations 30.7 grain itch 34.49 clinical features 102.12–13 (G6PD) deficiency management 30.7, 30.7–8 grain-shovellers’ itch 34.49 epidemiology 102.11 antimalarial cautions 19.6, 19.7 nomenclature 30.1 Gram stain 3.10 extrafacial 102.13 dapsone contraindication 19.14, 19.15 oral lesions 110.53 Gram-positive bacteria investigations 102.13 glue sniffer’s rash 121.2 pathophysiology 30.2–3 coagulase-negative staphylococci 26.9 laser treatment 23.11, 23.18 glutaraldehyde perineum/perianal region 113.12 see also staphylococcal infections; lymphocytoma cutis differential aqueous solution 18.33 prognosis 30.6–7 Staphylococcus aureus; streptococcal diagnosis 135.9 hyperhidrosis treatment 94.8 treatment ladder 30.7 infections management 102.13 topical therapy 18.9 Good syndrome 148.16, 148.18 granular cell tumours 137.51–2 pathophysiology 102.11–12 wart treatment 25.51 Goodpasture syndrome dermal non-neural 137.62–3 phymatous rosacea differential gluten, dietary 50.53 collagen type IV 2.29 myoblastoma 112.30 diagnosis 91.11

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26.66, 30.23–5, 30.25 bacterial flora 26.5 symplastic 137.32–3 with renal syndrome (HFRS) 25.72 classification 30.23 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.1, 92.5, verrucous 103.23–4 see also viral haemorrhagic fevers clinical features 30.23–5 92.6, 92.8 see also infantile haemangiomas haemorrhoids 113.29–31 complications/co-morbidities 30.25 intertrigo 123.16 haemangiopericytoma, infantile 137.42 clinical features 113.30–1 definition 30.23 ground itch see strongyloidosis haemangiosarcoma 137.36 definition 113.29 differential diagnosis 30.24–5 Grover disease see transient acantholytic haematological disease epidemiology 113.30 epidemiology 30.23 dermatosis aphthous ulceration 110.39–41 external 113.30 investigations 30.25 growth factors non-mast cell in mastocytosis 46.2, 46.3, internal 113.30 management 30.25 angiogenic 103.1 46.6, 46.10 prolapsed 113.30, 113.31 nomenclature 30.23 keratincotye function regulation 8.5 oral manifestations 110.90 management 113.31 pathophysiology 30.23 platelets 8.24–5 urticarial vasculitis co-morbidity 44.2, 44.4 pathophysiology 113.30 perineum/perianal region 113.12 wound healing 10.2, 10.3, 10.4 haematological malignancies severity classification 113.31 treatment ladder 30.25 augmentation 10.11 HPV infections 25.62 thrombosed external 113.30 granuloma multiforme 96.27 growth hormone see recombinant human involving the skin 148.10–12 anal abscess differential leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11, growth hormone (rhGH) paraneoplastic syndrome diagnosis 113.26 96.27 growth retardation association 148.6–10 variants 113.30–1 granulomatosis atopic eczema 41.22 perniosis 125.4 haemosiderin, venous stasis autoinflammatory of childhood 45.7 Comèl–Netherton syndrome 65.25 skin disorders caused by infiltration association 23.14 necrotizing sarcoid 151.5–6 growth retardation, alopecia, with neoplastic cells 148.2–5 haemosiderosis, cutaneous 88.48–9 see also lymphomatoid granulomatosis; pseudoanodontia, optic atrophy skin manifestations 148.1–2 haemosiderotic fibrolipomatous oro-facial granulomatosis (GAPO) syndrome 68.4, 68.14, 68.15 haematoma tumour 137.63 granulomatosis with polyangiitis 102.23– Grzybowski–Torre syndrome 142.37–8 ear piercing complications 108.7 haemostasis 20.45 5, 102.26, 102.27, 110.40, 111.18 keratoacanthoma differential external ear 108.6–7, 123.16 Hailey–Hailey disease 66.1, 66.10–13 clinical features 102.24–5, 102.26, 102.27 diagnosis 142.35 paroxysmal of finger 96.16–17, 101.6 blistering 71.24 definition 102.23 multiple self-healing squamous penile 111.7 classification 66.10 epidemiology 102.23 epithelioma differential subungual 95.16–17, 123.15 clinical features 66.11–13, 112.5 genital ulceration 111.18 diagnosis 142.37 haematopoiesis carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 management 102.27 Guanieri bodies 25.6 cyclic 148.15, 148.17 co-morbidities 66.12–13 pathophysiology 102.23–4 guanosine analogues 19.44 extramedullary 148.5 complications 66.12–13 respiratory disorder association 151.3 Guillain–Barré syndrome, syringomyelia haematopoietic stem cell transplantation course 66.13 granulomatous cheilitis 97.11, 110.85–7 association 85.8 (HSCT) 81.4 cytodiagnosis 3.25–6 clinical features 110.86–7 guinea pig maximization test 128.9 haematopoietic tumours 147.2 Darier disease differential definition 110.85 guinea worm see dracunculiasis haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) diagnosis 66.4, 112.5 differential diagnosis 110.86–7 guitar nipple 123.12 staining 3.7, 3.8 definition 66.10, 112.5 epidemiology 110.85–6 gummata 29.6, 29.16, 29.16–17, 29.18 haemochromatosis 152.5, 154.9 differential diagnosis 66.12, 112.5 investigations 110.87 late congenital syphilis 29.32 acanthosis nigricans differential epidemiology 66.10 lip fissures 110.88 scarring alopecia 107.10 diagnosis 87.5 genetic mutations 66.10–11 management 110.87 Gunther disease, epidermolysis bullosa chemotherapy-induced genital papular acantholytic pathophysiology 110.86 differential diagnosis 71.23 hyperpigmentation differential dyskeratosis differential granulomatous dermatosis, gustatory hyperhidrosis 85.15–16, 94.7–8 diagnosis 120.9 diagnosis 112.43 interstitial 154.8, 154.14 gut microflora, atopic eczema hyperpigmentation 88.22, 88.23 HSV infection 25.16 granulomatous disorders 97.1–13 relationship 41.9 haemosiderin 88.49 investigations 66.13 beryllium nodules 122.8 gynaecomastia porphyria cutanea tarda risk 60.12–13 management 66.13, 112.5 cutaneous Crohn disease 97.11–13 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10, haemodialysis nails 95.43 diabetes 64.5–6 149.11 arteriovenous shunt complications 153.4 nomenclature 66.10 ear piercing complications 108.7 secondary hypopituitarism 149.16 malnutrition risk 63.6 pathophysiology 66.10–11, 112.5 mercury toxicity 122.5 porphyria cutanea tarda risk 60.13 pemphigus vulgaris differential 91.18 H pseudoporphyria induction 60.19 diagnosis 50.7 see also granuloma annulare; necrobiosis H2 receptor(s) 19.4 scurvy association 63.21 perineum/perianal region 113.8 lipoidica; sarcoidosis H2 receptor antagonists, wart haemoglobin seborrhoeic dermatitis differential granulomatous reactions, allergic contact treatment 25.53–4 light absorption 23.3, 23.5 diagnosis 40.4 dermatitis 128.61 Haberland syndrome 100.18 selective photothermolysis 23.4 severity classification 66.12 granulomatous slack skin disease 96.19, habit tic, nails 95.17, 95.18 skin colour 70.1, 88.1 squamous cell carcinoma 96.27–8, 140.17–18 haem 60.1–2 haemoglobinopathies 148.16 association 142.27 94.10 biosynthesis 60.2, 60.3 pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like symmetrical drug-related intertriginous granzyme 3.24 haemangioendotheliomas lesions 96.28 and flexural exanthem differential grape seed extract (GSE) 156.7, 156.11 composite 137.35 haemolysis transfusion reactions, IVIG diagnosis 118.6 Graves disease 145.20–1 epithelioid 137.38–9 adverse reaction 19.36 treatment ladder 66.13, 112.5 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.12 kaposiform 137.33 haemolytic anaemia variants 66.12 hypertrichosis 89.63 malignant 137.36 congenital 88.49 vulval 112.5 myxoedema 59.11, 59.12 pseudomyogenic 137.35–6 dapsone-induced 19.14 Haim–Munk syndrome 65.61 periocular oedema 105.16 retiform 137.34 haemophagocytic hair pretibial myxoedema 105.47, 105.48 haemangiomas lymphohistiocytosis 25.32, 136.1, bamboo in Netherton syndrome 89.53–4 greases acquired elastotic 137.30 136.9–11 biology 89.2–10 occupational skin cancers 130.14 amniotic band association 105.38 clinical features 25.32, 136.10 braiding 89.44–5, 89.60 topical medication 18.6 ano-genital 111.7 definition 136.9 bubble 89.60, 89.61 Greater Patient 16.7 capillary diagnostic criteria 136.10 Chediak–Higashi syndrome 82.14 Greece, Hippocrates’ era 1.2–3 lobular 137.26–8 epidemiology 136.9 chemotherapy effects 120.5–6 green tea 156.7–8, 156.11 progressive 137.25 genetics 136.10, 136.11 colour Greither keratoderma 65.46–7 congenital 117.23 investigations 136.10–11 cosmetic 89.72–4 grenz zone 3.36 epithelioid 137.28–9 management 25.32, 136.11 variation 89.69 grey baby syndrome 88.50 cutaneous epithelioid angiomatous nomenclature 136.9 Comèl–Netherton syndrome 65.25, 82.11 Grey Turner’s sign 152.6 nodule 137.29–30 pathophysiology 25.32, 136.9–10 congenital ichthyoses 65.39 148.17 glomeruloid 137.25 primary 136.9, 136.11 corkscrew in scurvy 63.21 bacterial infections 148.15 hobnail 137.30–1 secondary 136.9, 136.11 cortex 89.5–6 type 1 70.2, 70.9 lips 110.15 treatment ladder 136.11 creeping 123.22 type 2 82.13–14 lobular capillary of nail haemophilia cuticle 89.5, 89.6 Griscelli–Pruniéras syndrome 70.2, 70.9 apparatus 95.21–2 HIV infection 31.35 cuticular cells 2.9, 89.5 griseofulvin 19.44 microvenular 137.31 presentation 101.1 depigmentation dermatophytosis 32.34 oral mucosa 110.15 Haemophilus ducreyi 30.20, 30.21, 30.22 folate deficiency association 63.19 tinea capitis treatment 32.40 papillary 137.26 perineum/perianal region 113.12–13 induced by chemotherapy 120.6 GRO-a (CXCL1) 8.39 pregnancy 115.2 Haemophilus influenzae type b, cellulitis 26.18 vitamin B12 deficiency grocer’s itch 34.48 radiography 95.48 haemopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), association 63.20 Grocott silver staining 3.10 sinusoidal 137.31–2 skin cancer 146.4 ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft groin spindle cell 137.32 haemorrhagic fever lip/palate syndrome 67.18

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

bindex_4blank.indd 36 6 January 2016 3:29 PM Index 37

exclamation mark 89.31 bleaches 89.74 associated symptoms 89.10 trichoblastoma 138.11–12 foreign body 123.22–3 colouring 89.72–4, 128.41–2 camouflage 89.21–2 trichoepitheliomas 138.9–10 function 2.43 dyes 89.72–4, 128.11, 128.41–2 alopecia areata 89.34 desmoplastic 138.10–11 greying 2.18, 89.69–70 metallic 89.73 children 89.11 solitary giant 138.11 premature 89.70 synthetic organic 89.73 clinical examination 89.10–11 trichofolliculoma 138.8–9 rapid-onset 89.70 permanent waving 89.74–5 clinical photography 89.11 tuberous sclerosis complex 80.9 repigmentation 89.70 setting lotions 89.75 family history 89.11 hand(s) hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 67.21, vegetable dyes 89.72–3 history 89.10 acral fibromyxoma 137.62 67.22 hair cycle 2.9, 2.10, 2.45, 89.6–8 HIV infection 89.47, 107.10 callosities 123.8, 123.16 HIV infection 31.32–3 androgenetic alopecia 89.18 hyperandrogenism 145.18 collagenous and elastotic marginal hypohidrotic ectodermal asynchrony 89.8 infancy 117.14 plaques 96.4–5 dysplasias 67.12–13 control 89.7–8 infections 89.47 dermatomyositis 53.6–7, 53.8 implantation complications 123.23 disturbance in alopecia leprosy 89.47 gangrene in mixed connective tissue ingrowing 93.1–2, 112.24 areata 89.29–30 male pattern 89.14–15 disease 54.2, 54.3 inherited disorders 2.9, 68.1, 68.2–10, regulation 8.50 medical trauma 89.45 interdigital sinus 123.22 68.11–22 hair discs see touch spots microscopy 89.11 neutrophilic dermatosis 49.9, 49.10, atrichias 68.3–4, 68.12–15 hair fibre, normal growth 2.9 patches 89.11 49.11, 148.6 diagnosis 68.2–10, 68.23–4 hair follicle unit, signalling pattern 89.14–24 sensory innervation 20.5 hair shaft structural mechanisms 8.50 clinical features 89.20–1 hand eczema 39.11–18, 129.2, 129.4 abnormalities 68.18–23 hair follicles 2.1–2, 2.44, 138.1 differential diagnosis 89.21 acute 39.18 hypertrichoses 68.1, 68.2–3, 68.11 alopecia areata 89.30 epidemiology 89.15–16, 89.17 advice to patients 129.7 hypotrichoses 68.4–10, 68.15–18 anagen 89.3, 89.7 female 89.15 aetiology 39.12 inner root sheath 2.9 anatomy 89.3–6 follicle miniaturization 89.18 atopic 39.17, 41.20, 41.21 iron deficiency 63.24 androgen mechanism of action 89.9–10 genetics 89.18–20 atopic eczema association 39.3 junctional epidermolysis bullosa 71.12 cycles 2.9, 2.10, 2.45, 89.6–8 grading 89.15, 89.16 chronic 39.17–18 keratin(s) 2.9 asynchrony 89.8 hormonal influences 89.17–18 classification 39.12 keratin filaments 89.6 control 89.7–8 investigations 89.21 clinical features 39.13–17 kinky 68.23 density 89.2–3 management 89.21–4 complications/co-morbidities 39.16–17 knotting 89.60 dermal papilla 89.4–5 pathophysiology 89.17–20 Compositae allergy 128.52 lanugo 116.4 dermal sheath 89.5 sex 89.15–16 definition 39.11 lichen planus complications 37.11–12 development 2.4, 89.2–3 surgical treatment 89.23–4 differential diagnosis 39.16 liver disease 152.8 dilated pore 138.3 scalp biopsy 89.11, 89.13–14 disease course 39.17 medulla 89.6 distribution 89.2–3 scarring 86.18 epidemiology 39.12 melanin 89.68 exogen 89.7 syphilis 89.47 fingertip 39.14, 39.15 89.68–9 eyelash 109.41 wigs 89.21–2 gloves for protection 39.17 Menkes disease 81.18 follicular units 89.3 alopecia areata 89.34 investigations 39.17 oral 110.21 groups 89.3 see also alopecia management 39.17–18 outer root sheath 2.9 infundibulum 89.3 hair matrix tumours 138.13–15 nickel sensitivity 128.8, 128.20 pigmentation 89.68–71 inner root sheath 89.4, 89.5 hair pull test 89.10–11 occupational 130.2 accidental discoloration 89.71 innervation 89.6 hair pulling disorder 86.17 patch testing 39.17 acquired defects 89.71 isthmus 89.3 tic in children 89.46 pathophysiology 39.12–13 biology 89.68–9 kenogen 89.7 hair reduction, laser therapy 23.15–16 prognosis 39.17 colour variation 89.69 keratinization 89.5 hair removal severity classification 39.16 loss 89.69–70 melanogenic activity 89.69 hirsutism 89.66–8 variants 39.13–16 nutritional deficiencies 89.71 mesenchymal lesions 138.15–16 laser-assisted 23.15, 160.6 vesicular 128.58, 128.59 physical phenomena 89.71 miniaturization in balding 89.18 complications 23.15–16 hand, foot and mouth disease 25.81–2, pregnancy changes 115.1, 115.2 multigeminate 89.59 physical methods 89.66–7 117.6–7 recessive generalized severe dystrophic naevi 138.7 hair shaft oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8 epidermolysis bullosa 71.16 outer root sheath 89.5 fractures 89.44 oral ulceration 110.48–9 red colour 89.69 pili multigemini 89.59 pathology terminology 89.50 hand hygiene, surgery 20.6–7 regrowth induction 18.36 scalp 149.4 structural abnormalities 68.18–23, 89.11, hand washing, compulsive 86.20 18.30, 120.6 stem cells 2.45, 89.4 89.49–60, 89.61 hand–arm vibration syndrome 123.23–5, relaxing 89.75 activity regulation 89.8 defects with increased 130.14–15 sample collection in fungal suprabulbar region 89.4 fragility 89.50–6 clinical features 123.24–5 infection 32.7 telogen 89.7 defects without increased definition 123.23 seasonal moulting 89.8 trichilemmal cysts 107.10 fragility 89.56–60, 89.61 differential diagnosis 123.24 shaft abnormalities 89.49–60 tumours 138.2–5 trauma 89.60 epidemiology 123.23–4 shedding in infancy 116.3, 117.14 types 89.2 weathering 89.54–5, 89.59–60 hypothenar hammer syndrome sinus 123.22–3 see also follicle and follicular entries; colouration 89.71 differential diagnosis 123.12 spiky 68.23 hidradenitis suppurativa hair sinus 123.22–3 investigations 123.25 split ends 89.60 hair germ cell tumours/cysts 138.7–13 hair styling, traction alopecia 89.44–5 management 123.25 spun-glass 89.57 hair growth 89.8–10 HAIR-AN (hyperandrogenaemia, pathophysiology 123.24 straightening 89.75 acquired disorders insulin resistance and acanthosis Raynaud phenomenon differential structural components 89.6 excessive growth 89.61–8 nigricans) 87.4, 90.8–9 diagnosis 125.9 sulphur content 89.55 non-scarring 89.14–34 hairball 89.46 severity assessment 123.24, 123.25 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.23 scarring 89.34–47, 89.48 hair-thread tourniquet syndrome 123.23 handicap, caused by skin disease 5.5 terminal 89.9 alterations in HIV infection 89.47 hairy cell leukaemia 147.24 Hand–Schüller–Christian hirsutism 89.64 androgens 89.8–10 hairy ears, acquired 108.6 syndrome 136.5 thallium poisoning 122.8 axillary 89.9 hairy leukoplakia 31.33, 110.9, 110.74–5 hangnails 95.38 tissue assay for metal poisoning 122.1 beard 89.8 HIV infection 31.33, 110.74, 110.75 Hansemann cells 136.21 tricho-dento-osseous syndrome 67.19, catagen 89.7, 89.8 half-and-half nails 95.14 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 25.72 68.23 excessive 89.61–8 Hallermann–Streiff syndrome 79.2 haploidy 7.5 tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome 67.20 facial 89.9 sutural alopecia 89.49 Happle–Tinschert syndrome trichothiodystrophy 65.33, 78.9, 78.10 hypoparathyroidism 145.21–2 halo sign, giant cell arteritis 102.35 basal cell carcinoma 141.4 twisted 89.51, 89.52 Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 halogenated salicylanilides 128.78 naevi 75.7 types 89.2 pubic 89.9 hamartomas 103.8 haptenization 119.5 uncombable 89.57, 89.58 racial variability 89.9 basaloid follicular 138.13 haptens 12.4, 128.8 woolly 68.19–20, 89.57 rate 89.8 Cowden syndrome 80.13 photoactivation 128.78 palmoplantar keratodermas 65.55–6 scalp 89.8 hair follicle naevus 138.7 harlequin colour change, neonates 116.3 see also hirsutism; hypertrichosis; terminal 89.9 iris 80.1, 80.2, 80.3, 80.4 Hartnup disease 63.16, 81.11, 81.15–16 hypotrichoses vellus hair 89.8 pilomatricoma 138.13–14 Cockayne syndrome differential hair artefact 86.26 hair loss rhabdomyosarcomatous diagnosis 78.9 hair bulb 89.4 antiretroviral drugs 89.47 congenital 137.57–8 hydroa vacciniforme differential melanocytes 89.69 approach to patient 89.10–11, 89.12, sclerosing epithelial 138.10 diagnosis 127.24 hair cosmetics 89.71–5, 128.16, 128.32 89.13–14 smooth muscle 137.55 harvest mites 34.51–2

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Hashimoto thyroiditis 145.20, 145.21 hemidesmosomes 2.21, 2.25–6, 2.27 clinical features 43.4–5 oculocutaneous albinism differential interstitial granulomatous dermatosis components 2.25 diagnosis 110.9 diagnosis 70.7 association 154.14 gene mutations 2.25–6 disease course/prognosis 43.4 platelet function abnormalities 101.3 myxoedema 59.11 ultrastructure 2.25, 2.26 emergency treatment 43.5 heroin use 121.3 systemic lupus erythematosus 34.23–5, 34.26, 34.27–8 epidemiology 43.2 Clostridium sordelli association 26.48 association 51.31 Anthocoridae 34.28 genetics 43.3–4 herpangina 25.82–3 Hashimoto–Pritzker disease 136.5 Belostomatidae 34.28 long-term prophylaxis 43.6 oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8 26.72, 131.4–5 Cimicidae 34.24–5, 34.26, 34.27 management 19.34, 43.5–6, 110.9 oral ulceration 110.48 hay fever see allergic rhinitis classification 34.23–4 oral reactions 110.9 herpes B virus infection 25.38 Hay–Wells syndrome 67.6 Pentatomidae 34.28 pathophysiology 43.3–4 herpes genitalis 111.15, 111.24 hazard ratio 5.13 Reduviidae 34.27–8 precipitating event 110.9 maternal 25.22, 25.23 H-caldesmon 3.21 Hemiscorpius 34.35 protease inhibitor deficiency 8.41 primary 25.20–2 head and neck cancers henna 89.72–3 short-term prophylaxis 43.5–6 recurrent 25.21 metastatic 147.4 nail plate pigmentation 95.12 subacute cutaneous lupus herpes labialis 25.18–19 mucinous carcinoma 138.38–9 tattoos 88.54 erythematosus association 51.12 reactivation 25.39 risk factors 110.33 Hennekam lymphangiectasia– hereditary anonychia 69.16 recurrent 110.80–1 trichofolliculoma 138.9 lymphoedema syndrome 73.19 hereditary autoinflammatory herpes simplex virus (HSV) 25.15, head and neck oedema, DRESS intestinal lymphangiectasia 105.42 disorders 154.10 25.16–23 syndrome 119.8 Henoch–Schönlein purpura drug-induced serum sickness-like aciclovir resistance 31.23 head and neck surgery 20.2–5 genital 111.20 reaction differential diagnosis 118.9 allergic contact dermatitis differential motor nerves 20.4–5 see also IgA vasculitis hereditary benign intraepithelial diagnosis 128.62 head, face and neck, swollen 105.14–17 heparan sulphate proteoglycans dyskeratosis aphthous ulceration 110.40 head lice 34.18–21 (HSPGs) 2.25, 59.1 oral lesions 110.18 atopic eczema risks 41.13, 41.30 clinical features 34.19 heparin see also Witkop–von Sallmann syndrome Bell palsy 25.19 epidemiology 34.18 antiphospholipid syndrome hereditary benign telangiectasia 103.18 biology 25.16 investigations 34.19–20 treatment 52.3 generalized essential telangiectasia blepharoconjunctivitis 109.38, 109.39 management 34.20–1 cutaneous sclerosis induction 96.43 differential diagnosis 103.17 brucellosis differential diagnosis 26.59 pathophysiology 34.18–19 heparin necrosis hereditary coproporphyria 60.4, 60.6, 60.7, children with HIV infection 31.35 pesticide resistance 34.20 clinical features 101.10–11 60.17 conjunctivitis 109.38, 109.39 therapeutic failure 34.21 management 101.10–11 hereditary disease see inherited disorders; cytodiagnosis 3.26 Heaf test 4.24 pathophysiology 101.10 named hereditary disorders eczema herpeticum 25.39–41 health anxieties 86.20 purpura 101.10–11 hereditary epidermal polycystic disease see erythema multiforme 25.19, 47.2–3, 47.6 health economics 6.1–9 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia steatocystoma multiplex fixed drug eruption differential approaches 6.1–5 (HIT) 101.10–11 hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis 110.59 diagnosis 118.12 comparative studies 6.3, 6.4–5 hepatic haemangioma 117.21 hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia hand, foot and mouth disease cost analysis study 6.3 hepatic porphyria, hypertrichosis 89.63 (HHT) 73.8–9, 103.9, 103.10 differential diagnosis 25.82 cost-of-illness study 6.3–4 hepatitis 25.63–5 arteriovenous malformations 73.7 heterotopic sebaceous glands differential economic burden 6.1, 6.5–9 Gianotti–Crosti syndrome 152.9 association 103.19, 103.20 diagnosis 93.12 evaluations 6.2–5 HSV infection 25.16 generalized essential telangiectasia HIV infection 31.22–3 implementation of findings 6.5 pyoderma gangrenosum 152.9 differential diagnosis 103.17 children 31.35 indirect costs 6.3–4 hepatitis A virus 25.79, 25.83–4, 152.4 lips 110.14–15 oral 31.33 methods 6.1–5 hepatitis B virus 25.63–5 liver disease association 152.8 HIV replication activation 31.23 non-comparative studies 6.3 clinical features 25.64 oral mucosa lesions 110.14–15 hypertrophic 112.28 quality of life 6.3, 6.4–5, 6.9 complications/co-morbidities 25.64 hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell immune restoration disease 31.22, 31.36 types of evaluations 6.2–5 dermatoses 152.4–5 carcinoma syndrome 147.12, 153.2 infective cheilitis 110.87 health-related quality of life (HRQoL) 16.4 epidemiology 25.64 hereditary lipomatoses 74.6, 74.8 inoculation 25.23 hearing aids, dermatitis 128.16 human bites 131.6 hereditary lymphoedema Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential heat lichen planus 37.2, 37.13 autosomal dominant primary 73.18 diagnosis 136.6 bubble hair 89.60, 89.61 management 25.64–5 type 1A 73.17–18 lymphocytoma cutis in scars 135.9 carcinomas 125.12–13 pathophysiology 25.64 hereditary mucoepithelial dysplasia management 19.44 diseases caused by 125.12–13 polyarteritis nodosa 102.30 (HMD) 110.15–16 neonatal 25.22–3, 116.21–2 physiological reactions 125.11 polyarthritis 154.2–3 ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia and epidermolysis bullosa differential heat-shock protein 90a, wound urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 photophobia syndrome differential diagnosis 71.23 healing 10.11 variants 25.64 diagnosis 65.23 ocular manifestations 109.38, 109.39 heat-shock protein(s), Behçet disease 48.3 hepatitis C virus 25.65 perineal intertriginous plaques 113.4 perineum/perianal region 113.11 heavy metals antibodies with cryoglobulins 101.13 hereditary multiple carboxylase pinna 108.11 oral hyperpigmentation 110.66–7 chronic 25.65 deficiency 63.23 pregnancy 115.3 toxicity cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis 102.17 hereditary non-polyposis colon primary 25.15 protein–energy malnutrition dermatoses 152.5 cancer (HNPCC), Muir–Torre herpes genitalis 25.20–2 differential diagnosis 63.4 human bites 131.6 syndrome 90.27, 138.16, 142.38, primary herpetic Raynaud phenomenon differential lichen planus 37.2, 37.13 147.12 gingivostomatitis 25.16–17, 25.18 diagnosis 125.9 management 25.65 hereditary panniculitis 74.9 prophylaxis 160.9 heavy-chain disease 110.60 necrolytic acral erythema 25.65, 152.5 hereditary periodic fevers 45.4–7 reactivation Heberden nodes 154.8 polyarthritis 154.2–3 hereditary polymorphous light eruption of by PUVA 21.12 knuckle pads differential porphyria cutanea tarda American Indians 127.9 by UVB phototherapy 21.11 diagnosis 96.35 management 60.14 hereditary progressive mucinous recurrent infection 25.16 Heck disease 110.60 risk 60.13 histiocytosis 136.21 genital 25.21 hedgehog pathway inhibitors urticaria association 42.7, 47.6 hereditary sensory and autonomic labial 110.50 basal cell carcinoma treatment 141.15 urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 neuropathies (HSANs) 85.10–12 oral 110.50 naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome variants 25.65 classification 85.11 oro-facial and cutaneous 25.18–20 treatment 141.20–1 hepatobiliary disease, pruritus 83.11 definition 85.10 secondary bacterial infection 31.22 heel hepatocellular carcinoma, pityriasis epidemiology 85.11–12 stomatitis 110.7, 110.8, 110.49–50 calcified cutaneous nodules 117.14 rotunda association 87.7 self-mutilating behaviour 85.11–12 causative organisms 110.49 piezogenic pedal papules 123.25–6 hepatocyte growth factor activator types 85.11–12 clinical features 110.49, 110.50 Helicobacter pylori 152.1 inhibitor 1 (HAI-1) 8.42 hereditary sensory motor neuropathy type disease course/prognosis 110.49 hereditary angio-oedema hepatoerythropoietic porphyria 60.12 III 28.12 investigations 110.49 association 43.3 hepatolenticular degeneration 81.19 hereditary symmetrical dyschromatosis, management 110.50 iron deficiency association 63.24 hepatomegaly, neonatal lupus freckles 88.16 pathology 110.49 urticaria association 42.3, 42.6, 42.7 erythematosus 51.38 heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis see subclinical virus shedding 25.16 helminth infections hepatovirus 25.80, 25.83 Refsum disease vulval 112.28 atopic eczema protection 41.8–9 herbal products/medications 86.40 Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome 2.17, 70.2, see also herpes genitalis; herpes labialis perineum/perianal region 113.11–12 acne therapy 90.49 70.8, 148.17 herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), heloma see corns cosmeceutical use 156.5–10, 156.11 bacterial infections 148.15 Behçet disease association 48.2 hemidesmosomal–anchoring filament hereditary angio-oedema (HAE) 43.1, basal cell carcinoma 141.5 herpes zoster complexes 2.44 43.2, 110.9 immune dysregulation 82.13–14 clinical features 110.51

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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complex regional pain syndrome perianal 113.21–3 dendritic cell disorders 136.1, 136.2–8 ano-genital Malassezia 111.12 association 85.13 pilonidal sinus differential diffuse plane xanthomatosis 136.18, ano-genital ulceration 113.13 cytodiagnosis 3.26 diagnosis 113.24 136.19 antibody response 31.4–5 hair pigmentary defect 89.71 predisposing factors 92.2–3 Erdheim–Chester disease 136.19–20 antiretroviral drugs 31.9–11 Hodgkin disease 140.50 presentation 92.4–7 familial sea-blue 136.20–1 aphthous ulceration 110.39, 110.40, infancy 116.22 prognosis 92.9 generalized eruptive 136.14–15 110.54 Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential severity classification 92.7, 92.8, 92.9, haemophagocytic arterial thrombosis 31.13 diagnosis 136.6 113.21, 113.22 lymphohistiocytosis 136.1, 136.9–11 arthropathy 154.2–3 management 19.44, 110.51 squamous cell carcinoma hereditary progressive mucinous 136.21 atopic eczema 31.14 mouth ulcers 110.51 association 142.27 histiocytic sarcoma 136.28–9 bacillary angiomatosis association 26.61 neurogenic bladder dysfunction 153.6 variants 92.7 intralymphatic 154.8, 154.14 bacterial infections 31.20–2 ocular manifestations 109.38, 109.40 hidradenocarcinoma 138.36 juvenile xanthogranuloma 136.12–14, children 31.35 oticus 25.29 hidradenoma 136.20 blastomycosis association 32.86 pinna 108.11, 108.15 malignant 138.36 malakoplakia 136.21 botryomycosis 26.73 post-herpetic neuralgia 84.3, 84.4 papilliferum 112.31, 138.21–2 multicentric candidosis 31.26, 32.59 reactivation 84.4 hidroacanthoma simplex 138.25 reticulohistiocytosis 136.22–4 infants 116.23 vaccine for prevention 84.5 hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 67.21–2 necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 136.21–2 management 32.61 transient acantholytic dermatosis plantar keratoderma differential non-dendritic cell disorders 136.9–11 oral 31.33, 110.70–1, 110.73 differential diagnosis 87.23 diagnosis 69.12 non-Langerhans cell 117.15, 136.11–26 CCR2 role 8.39 see also zoster infection see also Clouston syndrome progressive nodular 136.16 CCR5 role 8.39–40 herpesvirus infections 25.15–41 high density lipoprotein (HDL), acquired reticulohistiocytoma 136.20–1 CD4 count 31.7, 31.8 biology 25.15 generalized lipodystrophy 100.1, sinus with massive drug hypersensitivity 31.19 eczema herpeticum 25.39–41 100.2 136.24–6 treatment initiation 31.10 herpes B virus 25.38 high-intensity focused ultrasound true histiocytic lymphoma 136.27–8 CD4 receptor 31.3 human bites 131.6 (HIFU) 160.12 xanthoma disseminatum 136.17–18 CD4 T-cell responses 31.5 oral ulceration 110.49–51 highly active antiretroviral therapy see also Langerhans cell histiocytosis; CD8 count 31.7 reactivation in DRESS syndrome 119.6 (HAART) malignant histiocytosis CD8 T lymphocytes 31.5 see also cytomegalovirus (CMV); HIV-associated lipodystrophy 100.6, histiocytosis and lymphadenopathy cellular responses 31.5 Epstein–Barr virus (EBV); herpes 100.7, 100.8 syndrome 68.2, 68.11–12 chancroid association 30.20, 30.21, 30.23 simplex virus (HSV); human herpes immunosuppression-associated histiocytosis X see Langerhans cell children 31.34–5 virus (HHV); varicella-zoster virus eosinophilic pustular folliculitis histiocytosis chronic actinic dermatitis (VZV) association 93.8 histone deacetylase inhibitors 140.27 association 127.14 herpetic gingivostomatitis, primary 25.16– Hippoboscidae 34.7 histone H4 26.5 clinical features 31.5–8 17, 25.18 Hippocrates (Greek physician) 1.2–3 histopathology of skin 3.1–40 coagulopathy 31.13 herpetic 25.23, 95.35–6 hirsutism 89.64–8 artefacts 3.27–8 co-infections 31.8 acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau clinical features 89.64–6 laboratory methods 3.5–27 reactive arthritis 154.2 differential diagnosis 35.42 hyperandrogenism 145.18 microscopic examination of tissue tuberculosis 27.1, 27.3, 27.10 blistering distal dactylitis differential hypertrichosis differential sections 3.29–40 complications/co-morbidities 31.7–8 diagnosis 26.34 diagnosis 68.12 report 3.33 crusted scabies 34.45 herpetiform ulceration 110.29 idiopathic 89.64, 89.65–6 see also biopsy of skin cryptococcosis 31.27 12-HETE 8.48 investigations 89.66 Histoplasma capsulatum 32.82–5 association 32.92, 32.93 15-HETE 8.48 management 89.66–8 identification 32.84–5 cutaneous larva migrans 31.28 heterochromia of iris, facial PCOS 89.64, 89.65 histoplasmin test 4.24–5 CXCR4 expression 8.39 hemiatrophy 96.18 SAHA syndrome 89.65 histoplasmosis 32.82–5 cytomegalovirus 31.23–4 heterosexual men, fungal infections 31.26 severity classification 89.66 acute disseminated 32.83–4 definition 31.1 heterotrimeric G-protein mosaic variants 89.65–6 acute pulmonary 32.84 Demodex 31.28 disorders 75.20–1 histamine 8.2, 8.46–7, 19.3–4 African 32.84, 32.85 dendritic cell role 31.5 heterozygy 7.2 basophils 8.19 asymptomatic 32.83 dermatological manifestations 31.11–35, Heubner arteritis 29.6–7 cellular source 8.47 chronic pulmonary 32.84 31.36 hexachlorobenzene, hypertrichosis 89.63 itching in skin disease 83.6 clinical features 32.83–5 diagnosis 31.11–12 hexachlorophene 18.10 mast cell mediator 8.20–1 disseminated 31.27 investigations 31.12 cis-6-hexadecenoic acid 26.5 pruritus 41.14 chronic 32.84 of seroconversion 31.7 HFE gene mutations 88.22 receptors 8.46 epidemiology 32.82–3 dermatophytosis 31.26 hibernoma 137.59 regulation of formation/release 8.47 genital 111.24 children 31.35 hidradenitis, neutrophilic eccrine 94.13– seborrhoeic dermatitis association 40.2 HIV infection 31.26–7 diagnosis 31.8, 31.9 14, 120.1, 120.2 solar urticaria 127.21 HIV infection-associated 32.84, 32.85 differential diagnosis 31.7 hidradenitis suppurativa 90.31, 92.1–11 urticaria 42.4, 42.5, 42.12–13 investigations 32.84–5 diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis acne conglobata association 90.54, histamine receptors Kaposi sarcoma differential syndrome 154.3 154.10 itching in skin disease 83.6 diagnosis 31.29 disease course 31.8 anal abscess differential urticaria 42.4 management 32.85 disseminated lichenoid papular diagnosis 113.26 histamine suppressor factor (HSF) 8.47 oral lesions 110.54 dermatosis of AIDS 95.45 ano-genital 113.21–3 histatins 8.13, 8.14 pathophysiology 32.83 DRESS association 119.5 clinical features 92.4–7, 92.8, 92.9, histiocytes perineum/perianal region 113.11 drug eruptions 31.17–20 113.21–2 function 136.1–2 primary cutaneous 32.84 children 31.35 carbon dioxide laser incisional high-power microscopy 3.31 treatment ladder 32.85 mechanisms 31.18 surgery 23.18 malignant proliferation 136.26–7 variants 32.83–4 drug-induced conditions 31.34 complications/co-morbidities 92.9, ontogeny 136.1 history of dermatology 1.1–8 eosinophilic folliculitis 31.16 154.11 sea-blue 136.20 after the fall of Rome 1.3–4 eosinophilic pustular folliculitis definition 92.1, 113.21 histiocytic disorders, xanthomas 62.2 ancient civilizations 1.1–2 immunosuppression-associated 93.8 diagnostic criteria 92.4 histiocytic lymphoma, true 136.27–8 Britain in late 19th century 1.6 infantile 93.9 differential diagnosis 92.7, 113.21 histiocytic markers 3.23 French 1.4–5 epidemiology 31.2 disease course 92.9 histiocytic sarcoma 136.28–9 German-speaking Europeans 1.6 Epstein–Barr virus dissecting cellulitis of scalp histiocytoma natural sciences 1.6 children 31.35 association 107.8 cutis 137.19 rational medicine 1.2–3 hairy leukoplakia 31.33 epidemiology 92.1–2, 113.21 dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans scientific dermatology 1.4–7 erythroderma 31.14 folliculitis differential diagnosis 113.10 differential diagnosis 137.15 specialty development in 20th association 39.31 furunculosis association 113.9 Kaposi sarcoma differential century 1.7–8 eyelid Kaposi sarcoma 109.51 genetics 92.4 diagnosis 31.29 surgery 1.8 folliculitis 89.47, 107.10 investigations 92.9, 113.22 rheumatic fever 55.2 United States 1.6–7 eosinophilic 31.16 latent class analysis 5.4 see also fibrous histiocytoma HIV infection 31.1–35, 31.36 immunosuppression-associated malakoplakia differential histiocytoses 136.1–29, 136.15–16 acanthosis nigricans 31.12 eosinophilic pustular 93.8 diagnosis 112.25 aphthous ulceration 110.41 acquired hairy ears 108.6 infantile eosinophilic pustular 93.9 management 92.9–11, 113.22–3 benign cephalic 136.14, 136.15 alopecia 107.10 fungal infections 31.26–8 obesity aggravation 100.26 infants 117.15 alopecia areata 107.10 genital ulceration 111.25 pathophysiology 92.2–4, 113.21 classification 136.2 anal fissure differential diagnosis 113.29 granuloma annulare 31.17

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HIV infection (continued) replication and herpes simplex homozygy 7.2, 7.4 subacute cutaneous lupus granuloma inguinale association 30.23 virus 31.23 honey, topical application 18.34 erythematosus 51.13 haemophilia 31.35 scabies 31.28 honeybee 34.14 systemic sclerosis 56.11 hair abnormalities 31.32–3 scalp 107.10 hooking thumb 123.16 human papillomavirus (HPV) 25.43, hair loss 89.47 seborrhoeic dermatitis 31.14 hookworm 33.15 25.44–5, 25.45–63 hairy leukoplakia 31.33, 110.74, 110.75 association 40.1, 40.4 hordeolum 109.41 actinic keratosis 142.3 herpes simplex virus 31.22–3 skin cancer 146.3 hormonal therapy anal squamous cell carcinoma 113.19 children 31.35 Staphylococcus aureus carriage 26.7 papulopustular acne 90.42–4 ano-genital 111.25 oral 31.33 strongyloidosis 31.29 severe acne 90.44 associated intraepithelial and invasive high-power microscopy 3.33 syphilis neoplasias 25.58–9 histoplasmosis 31.26–7 CSF examination 29.26 active metabolites 149.7 biology 25.45–6 association 32.84, 32.85 differential diagnosis 29.19 biological effects 149.7 Bowen disease 142.18 human papillomavirus 25.61–2, 31.24–5 telogen effluvium association 89.47, gender differences 149.7 cervical carcinoma 25.45, 25.58–9 children 31.35 107.10 hidradenitis suppurativa cervical infection 25.45 oral 31.33–4 testing 31.11–12 association 92.2 children with HIV 31.35 humoral response 31.4–5 31.13 neuroendocrine 149.6–7 clinical features 113.14 hyperpigmentation 31.12–13 toxic shock syndrome association 26.30 skin as target 149.7–8 clinical lesions 25.44–5 hypertrichosis of eyelashes 89.47 transmission to infants 116.23 hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) 99.4, 99.5 definition 25.43, 113.13 ichthyosis 31.12 treatment guidelines 31.9–10 Horner syndrome 85.14–15 disease 25.43, 25.45 immunology 31.3–4 tuberculosis co-infection 27.1, 27.3, 27.10 facial hemiatrophy 96.18 epidemiology 113.13 immunosuppression 31.5 vaccination 31.9 hornets 34.15 epidermodysplasia verruciformis 25.59– immunosuppression-associated variants 31.7 venom 34.15 61, 26.60, 146.1 eosinophilic pustular varicella-zoster virus 31.23 horse flies 34.7, 34.8 genital infection 25.45 folliculitis 93.8 venous thrombosis 31.13 horse(s), glanders infection 26.53–4 genital intraepithelial neoplasia 142.25 infections 31.20–9 viral infections 31.22–5 horse rider’s pernio 99.34, 99.35, 125.4 Hailey–Hailey disease 66.13 inflammatory dermatoses 31.13–17 viral load 31.8 horseradish peroxidase 3.15 heterotopic sebaceous glands differential intravenous drug use 31.35 viral replication suppression 31.9 Horton disease see giant cell arteritis diagnosis 93.12 intrinsic immunity 31.4 virology 31.2–3 host defence, hidradenitis suppurativa HIV infection 25.61–2, 31.24–5 investigations 31.8, 31.9 visceral leishmaniasis 33.50–1 association 92.2–3 children 31.35 lymphogranuloma venereum vitiligo 31.12, 31.13 house flies 34.7 oral 31.33–4 association 30.16, 30.17 warts 25.61–2 house-dust mite 8.56 iatrogenic immunosuppression 25.63 lymphoma 31.31–2 women 31.34 atopic eczema 41.28, 41.32 immune compromise 25.61–3 macrophage target 8.23 xerosis 31.12 Howel-Evans syndrome 147.7, 152.1 immunity 25.46 malakoplakia 31.29 yellow nails 95.15 malignancy 65.59 infective cheilitis 110.87 management 31.9–11 see also immune reconstitution punctate palmoplantar keratoderma investigations 113.15 mechanism of action 31.3, 31.4 associated disease (IRAD); immune differential diagnosis 65.52 keratinocyte effects 8.5 melanoma 31.30–1 reconstitution inflammatory striate palmoplantar keratoderma latent infection 25.45–6 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.2 syndrome (IRIS); immune differential diagnosis 65.51 lymphangiectasia differential microbicides 31.9 restoration disease (IRD); Kaposi HOX genes, expression by fibroblasts 2.41 diagnosis 105.41 molluscum contagiosum 31.25 sarcoma Hoyeraal–Hreidarrson syndrome 69.15, malignancy 25.45, 31.24 mouth ulceration 110.54 HIV-1 31.2–3 77.3 management 113.15 mycobacterial infections HIV-associated lipodystrophy 100.6–8 HRAS gene mutations 75.2, 142.35 oral cavity cancer 110.34 non-tuberculous 27.32 clinical features 100.7–8 mosaicism 75.6, 75.7–8 oral papilloma 110.61 tuberculosis co-infection 27.1, 27.3, differential diagnosis 100.7 Hughes syndrome see antiphospholipid oro-pharyngeal carcinoma 31.34 27.10 epidemiology 100.6–7 syndrome pathophysiology 113.14 myopericytoma 137.42 management 100.8 human bites 131.6 perineum/perianal region 113.11, nail colouration 95.14, 95.15 pathophysiology 100.7 infants 117.13, 117.14 113.12, 113.13–15 nail disorders 31.32–3 severity classification 100.7–8 human collagen fillers 157.6 persistent infections 148.15 neonates 116.23 HLA-B27 haplotype 154.5 human β-defensin 1 (HBD-1) 8.14 photodynamic therapy for neoplasms 31.29–32 HMB-45, melanoma diagnosis 3.21 human genome, organization 7.4 neoplasia 22.7 non-melanoma skin cancer 31.30–1 hoarseness Human Genome Project 7.1 polymerase chain reaction 111.4 onchocerciasis 31.28 plantar keratoderma 69.12 human granulocytic anaplasmosis see pregnancy 115.3 onychomycosis 31.26, 31.32 systemic disease 151.7 ehrlichiosis prophylactic vaccination 25.46 oral hyperpigmentation 110.67 hobnail haemangioma 137.30–1 human herpes virus (HHV) squamous cell carcinoma 142.27–8 oral lesions 110.51, 110.54 Hodgkin disease CXCR2 receptor expression 8.39 of external auditory canal 108.26 mucosal white lesions 110.9 acquired ichthyoses 65.40 drug exanthem association 12.3 of nail apparatus association 95.31 warts 110.62 cutaneous manifestations 140.49–50 IRIS/IRD/IRAD 31.36 pathogenesis 146.7–8 oro-pharynx 31.29, 31.33–4 erythroderma 39.32 roseola infantum 25.34–5 squamous intraepithelial lesions 142.25 papular pruritic eruption 116.23 granulomatous slack skin disease human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) 25.34–5 subclinical infection 25.45–6 parvovirus B19 31.25 association 140.18 lichen planus 37.2 transplant recipients 25.63 pathophysiology 31.2–5 HIV infection 31.31 oral lesions 110.51, 110.52 vaccination 25.59, 110.34, 113.15, 142.25, perineum/perianal region 113.13 ichthyosis association 147.17 pityriasis rosea 25.90 146.8 periodontal disease 31.33 Kaposi sarcoma association 139.5 in pregnancy 115.9 anal intraepithelial neoplasia pigmentary disorders 31.12–13 malignant histiocytosis differential reactivation 25.35–6 prevention 113.17 pityriasis rubra pilaris association 36.1, diagnosis 136.27 roseola infantum 117.6 variants 113.14 36.2 paraneoplastic pemphigus human herpes virus 7 (HHV-7) 25.34–5, verrucous carcinoma 142.28 Pneumocystis jiroveci cutaneous association 148.8 25.35 vulval lesions 112.28–9 infection 32.95 pigmentation 88.19 lichen planus 37.2 see also ano-genital warts; warts, porphyria cutanea tarda 31.17 sarcoidosis association 98.2 oral lesions 110.52 cutaneous risk 60.13 skin involvement 148.4 pityriasis rosea 25.90 human papillomavirus 6 (HPV-6), HIV pregnancy 31.34, 115.4 urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 reactivation 25.35–6 infection 31.24 presentation 31.6–7 warts 25.62 roseola infantum 117.6 human papillomavirus 11 (HPV-11), HIV prevention 31.9 hogweed, giant 129.10 human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) 25.37–8, infection 31.24 primary infection 31.3–4 holistic management 15.1–4 31.29 human papillomavirus 13 (HPV-13) 110.60 symptomatic 31.6 caring attitudes 15.2 CXCR2 receptor expression 8.39 human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) 112.29, prognosis 31.7, 31.8 dermatological disease 15.2–3 immunohistochemical staining 139.4 112.33 progression to AIDS 31.6, 31.8 information websites 15.3–4 Kaposi sarcoma 139.1, 139.2–3, 146.7 Bowen disease 142.18 predictors 31.8 patient empowerment 15.3–4 lymphoma 31.31 bowenoid papulosis 142.19 protozoal infections 31.28 scientific medicine tensions 15.2 oral lesions 110.52 genital intraepithelial neoplasia 142.25 pruritic papular eruption 31.16–17 support organizations 15.4 human leukocyte antigens (HLA) 3.24, 7.6 human papillomavirus 18 (HPV-18) 112.29, pruritus 31.12 holocarboxylase synthetase class I alleles 14.10–11 112.33 psoriasis 31.15–16, 35.18 deficiency 63.23, 81.17 class II alleles in pemphigus 50.4 Bowen disease 142.18 psoriatic arthritis 35.44 holster sign 53.6, 53.7 disease associations 7.6, 7.7 bowenoid papulosis 142.19 radiotherapy 31.34 homocystinuria, Marfan syndrome drug-induced adverse reactions 12.5 genital intraepithelial neoplasia 142.25 reactive arthritis co-infection 154.2 differential diagnosis 72.16–17 lichen planus 37.3 human papillomavirus 32 (HPV-32) 110.60

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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human parvovirus B19 5.10 pathophysiology 127.24 hygiene hypothesis, atopic eczema 41.8–9 hyperlipidaemia drug-induced serum sickness-like scarring 90.32 Hymenoptera 34.14–16 ciclosporin-induced 19.11 reaction differential diagnosis 118.9 hydrocele 105.18, 105.44 classification 34.14–15 granuloma annulare association 97.2 human polyomavirus management 105.45 hyperaldosteronism 149.18 psoriasis association 35.21 6 and 7 25.43 hydrocephalus, congenital melanocytic , inflammation 8.1–2 retinoid-induced 19.39 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 89.47 naevi 75.15 hyperandrogenaemia, insulin resistance hyperlipidaemia-related skin disease 64.3 human retroviruses 25.67–8, 25.69 hydrocolloid barrier dressings 114.7 and acanthosis nigricans hyperlipoproteinaemia human β-defensin(s) 1–3 (hBD 1–3) 2.12 hydrocortisone 18.14, 19.17, 19.18 (HAIR-AN) 87.4, 90.8–9 type I 62.8–9 human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2) 8.40 hydrofluoric acid, chemical burns 129.12 hyperandrogenism 149.18–19 type III 62.7–8 human T cell lymphotropic virus 1 hydrogen chloride, inhalation injury with hyperbaric oxygen, lymphoedema 105.57 palmar xanthomas 62.5, 62.8 (HTLV-1) 25.67–8, 25.69 burns 126.4 hypercalcaemia tuberous xanthomas 62.3, 62.8 adult T-cell leukaemia– hydrogen peroxide 8.44 hyperparathyroidism 145.21 xanthelasmas 62.4 lymphoma 140.34–6 ageing skin 2.47 management 99.55 type IV 62.10 atopic eczema differential hair bleaching 89.73, 89.74 subcutaneous fat necrosis of the type V 62.9 diagnosis 41.21 topical therapy 18.10 newborn 99.54, 99.55, 116.15, 116.16 hypermelanosis 88.8 crusted scabies 34.45 hydrogenated aromatic hypercarotenaemia 88.50–1 acquired 88.9–34 infected dermatitis 25.68, 25.69 hydrocarbons 130.10–11 hypercortisolism 149.17–18 adrenal insufficiency 145.18 infective dermatitis, in children 39.24 hydromyelia 85.7–8 acne association 90.5 chemotherapy-induced 120.8 mycosis fungoides 140.4 hydrophobicity, irritants 129.3 see also Cushing syndrome chemotherapy-induced seborrhoeic dermatitis association 40.1 hydropic degeneration 3.35 hypereosinophilic syndrome hyperpigmentation differential humblebees 34.14 hydrops aphthous ulceration 110.41 diagnosis 120.9 humectants, topical drug delivery 18.6, non-immune 105.33 genital ulceration 111.18 drug origin 88.25–30 18.7 Turner syndrome 105.35 lymphocytic variant 25.33 endocrine disorders 88.17–19 Hunter syndrome 81.2, 81.3 hydroquinone 156.3, 156.10 malignancy association 147.24 facial 88.9 hyaline fibromatosis syndrome arbutin 156.8–9 recurrent cutaneous necrotizing linear and whorled naevoid 70.2, 70.10, differential diagnosis 72.18 depigmentation 88.45, 88.46 eosinophilic vasculitis differential 70.11–12 naevus mucinosis 75.18 hypermelanosis treatment 88.33 diagnosis 102.11 physiological 88.9 Hunter’s glossitis melasma treatment 88.12 respiratory disorder association 151.5 pituitary oversecretion of folate deficiency association 63.19 monobenzyl ether 18.28 hypergammaglobulinaemia, Sjögren ACTH 149.18 vitamin B12 deficiency association 63.20 ochronosis induction 88.51 syndrome 55.6, 55.7 post-inflammatory 88.31–2 hunting reaction of Lewis 125.1 topical 18.28 hyperglycaemia, neuropathic ulcer 85.4 ashy dermatosis differential Huriez syndrome 65.59, 65.60 hydroxy acids 156.10 hypergranulosis 3.36 diagnosis 88.33 Werner syndrome differential antiageing products 156.3–4 hyperhidrosis 94.4–10 systemic disorders 88.19–25 diagnosis 72.23 chemical peels 159.1–2, 159.13 aluminium hydrochloride hexahydrate treatment 88.33–4 Hurler syndrome 81.1, 81.2, 81.3, 81.4 hydroxybenzoates 18.8 therapy 18.33 see also hyperpigmentation; melasma; hypertrichosis 89.61 hydroxycarbamide 19.21–2, 101.12 asymmetrical 94.7 named disorders Hurler–Scheie syndrome 81.1, 81.2, 81.3 adverse effects 19.21–2 axillary 94.5–6 hypermetabolism, burns 126.9–11 Hutchinson lupus 125.4 cautions 19.22 treatment 94.8, 94.10 hyperoestrogenism 145.19 Hutchinson sign 109.38 contraindications 19.22 compensatory 94.7 hyperoxaluria 101.16–17 nail fold 95.34 dermatological uses 19.21 craniofacial 94.6 hyperparathyroidism 145.21 subungual melanoma 143.13 dermatomyositis induction 53.9–10 definition 94.4 bone resorption 95.48 Hutchinson summer prurigo 127.9 dose 19.22 epidemiology 94.4 calciphylaxis 61.9 Hutchinson teeth, congenital drug eruptions 31.18 focal 94.5–6 MEN type 2b 147.10 syphilis 29.32, 29.33 drug–drug interactions 19.22 generalized 94.4–5, 147.18 miliary calcification 61.6 Hutchinson triad, congenital monitoring 19.22 causes 94.4 radiography 95.48 syphilis 29.33 nail colouration 95.14 granulosis rubra nasi 94.10 vitamin D deficiency differential Hutchinson–Gilford progeria oral hyperpigmentation 110.66 gustatory 85.15–16, 94.7–8 diagnosis 63.10 syndrome 79.2, 79.4–5 pharmacological properties 19.21 idiopathic circumscribed 94.7 hyperphosphataemic familial tumoral clinical features 72.21 plaque psoriasis 35.26, 35.29 local circumscribed 94.6–7 calcinosis 81.19 restrictive dermopathy differential pre-treatment screening 19.22 localized 147.18 hyperpigmentation diagnosis 72.20 regimens 19.22 malignancy association 147.18 acne 90.35, 90.36 skin ageing 2.47 hydroxycarbamide dermopathy 53.10 management 18.33, 94.8–10 acquired 88.9–15 stiff skin syndrome differential hydroxychloroquine naevoid 94.7 differential diagnosis 88.11 diagnosis 72.18 acute generalized exanthematous palmoplantar 94.5, 94.6, 96.14 acromegaly 88.18 hyaline degeneration 3.35 pustulosis predisposition 119.2, paroxysmal unilateral 147.18 Addison disease 88.7, 88.10, 88.17–18 hyaline deposits, electron microscopy 3.27 119.4 pathophysiology 94.4–5 ageing of skin 155.1 hyaline fibromatosis syndrome 72.17–18, adverse effects 154.15 pitted keratolysis association 26.42, allergic contact dermatitis 128.60 96.39 discoid lupus erythematosus 26.43 amiodarone-induced 88.25, 88.26, 88.28 see also juvenile hyaline fibromatosis treatment 19.5, 51.10, 89.41 Ross syndrome 94.11–12 amyloidoses 88.22–3 hyaline ring granuloma 110.61–2 dosage 19.7 shoe dermatitis 128.48 antimalarials 88.25, 88.28 hyaluronan 2.40 erythema nodosum treatment 99.24 spinal cord injury 85.10 oral 110.66 wound healing 2.40, 10.5 hair pigmentary changes 89.71 surgical treatment 94.9–10 atopic eczema 41.16, 41.18 hyaluronan synthase 59.1 reticular erythematous mucinosis sympathectomy 94.9–10 bleomycin-induced 120.9 hyaluronic acid 2.2, 2.40 treatment 59.9 syringomyelia association 85.8 chemical peel 159.5 fillers 157.4–5 retinal toxicity 19.6–7 treatment 26.43 contraindication 159.6 hydantoin, hyperpigmentation 88.26–7, rheumatoid arthritis treatment 19.5 hyper-IgD syndrome 45.2, 45.3 skin of colour 159.13 88.28 sarcoidosis treatment 98.16, 98.17 hyper-IgE syndrome 148.17 chemotherapy-induced 88.26, 88.28, hydatid disease 33.29–30 subacute cutaneous lupus eczematous lesions 41.9 120.8–9 hydatiform mole, pemphigoid erythematosus 51.14 primary immunodeficiency 82.2, 82.17 chlorpromazine-induced 88.27 gestationis 115.13 systemic lupus erythematosus hyperinsulinaemia, acquired generalized chronic venous insufficiency 103.38, hydradenitis suppurativa 136.6 treatment 19.5, 51.35 lipodystrophy 100.1, 100.2 103.39 hydrargyria 122.5–6 urticarial vasculitis treatment 44.5 hyperkalaemia, potassium iodide clofazimine-induced 88.25 hydration uses 19.5 toxicity 19.28 Cushing syndrome 88.7, 88.18 bacterial population effects 26.4 7-hydroxycholesterol 62.10 hyperkeratosis 3.36–7 dermatomyositis 88.21 irritant contact dermatitis 129.6 hydroxyethyl starch, pruritus actinic keratosis 142.2, 142.3 disorders 70.1, 70.2–3, 70.11–15 hydroa aestivale 127.9, 127.23 induction 83.12, 118.3 keratinization disorders 65.2 drug-induced 88.25–8 hydroa vacciniforme 25.33, 127.23–6 hydroxyethylmethacrylate and lenticularis perstans 87.16–17 chemotherapy 88.26, 88.28, 120.8–9 clinical features 127.24–5 ethylmethacrylate microspheres multiple minute digitate 65.69–70 definition 88.25 definition 127.23 suspended in hyaluronic acid of the nipple 65.71 laser treatment 23.14 differential diagnosis 127.24 fillers 157.7 oil 130.14 minocycline 23.14, 88.27, 110.66 epidemiology 127.24 21-hydroxylase 90.5, 90.7, 90.8 palmoplantaris 96.14 dyskeratosis congenita 69.13 investigations 127.25, 127.26 21-hydroxylase deficiency 89.65 peristomal papules 114.111 electron microscopy 3.27 juvenile spring eruption differential hydroxyproline 2.32 retention 87.7 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 diagnosis 127.9 hydroxyurea see hydroxycarbamide hyperkeratotic plaque, Darier disease 66.3, familial progressive 70.2, 70.11 management 127.25–6 Hydrozoa 131.1 66.4 Fanconi anaemia 82.12

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hyperpigmentation (continued) hypertrichosis 89.61–4 hypomelanosis of Ito 70.10 ichthyin 65.10 filler-induced inflammation acquired chromosomal mosaicism 76.5 ichthyoses 3.39 response 157.11 localized 89.63 vitiligo differential diagnosis 88.38 acquired 65.40–2, 87.1–2, 147.17 fixed drug eruptions 88.28, 88.29 malignant generalized 89.62 hyponychium 2.11 associated disorders 87.1 folate deficiency association 63.19 non-malignant generalized 89.62–3 hypo-oestrogenism 145.19 clinical features 65.40–1, 87.2 genital 111.34 acquired lanuginosa 89.62 hypoparathyroidism 145.21–2 definition 87.1 haemochromatosis 88.22, 88.23 paraneoplastic 147.17 chronic mucocutaneous epidemiology 87.1 HIV infection 31.12–13 chemotherapy-induced 120.6 candidosis 32.58, 32.68 Hodgkin disease 140.49 hydantoin-induced 88.26–7, 88.28 congenital 113.4 hypopigmentation HTLV-1 association 140.36 hyperthyroidism 88.19 generalized 89.61 ageing of skin 155.1, 155.3 investigations 87.2 Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 lanuginosa 89.61 allergic contact dermatitis 128.60–1 management 87.2 lupus erythematosus 88.21 localized 68.11–12, 89.61–2 atopic eczema 41.16, 41.17 pathophysiology 65.40, 87.1–2 malabsorption 88.23–5 universalis Ambras type 68.2, 68.11 Chediak–Higashi syndrome 82.14 annular epidermolytic 65.15 mercury toxicity 122.5, 122.6 cubiti 68.11 chemotherapy-induced 120.9–10 bathing 65.38 minocycline-induced 23.14, 88.27, 110.66 drug-induced 89.62, 89.63 disorders 70.1, 70.2, 70.3–10 bathing suit 65.7–9 morphoea 88.20–1 topical medications 89.63 electron microscopy 3.27 collodion baby 65.7, 65.9, 65.11 multiple organ failure 88.21 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 genital 111.34 management 65.37–8 neonates 116.4 eyelashes in HIV infection 89.47 Griscelli syndrome 82.14 coloboma heart defect–ichthyosiform neurological disease 88.21 inherited 68.1, 68.2–3, 68.11 HIV infection 31.12–13 dermatosis–mental retardation–ear nutritional deficiencies 88.23–5 generalized 68.1, 68.11 onchocerciasis 33.3, 33.4–5 anomalies syndrome 65.34 oral in HIV 31.33 lanuginosa paraneoplastic 147.18 Comèl–Netherton syndrome 65.24–5 paraneoplastic 147.17, 147.18 acquired 89.62, 147.17 patch test complication 128.71 confetti 65.16 phenytoin-induced 88.26–7 congenital 89.61 phenylketonuria 81.12 congenital 65.2–36 photodynamic reactions 88.29–30 lumbosacral 89.62 pityriasis alba 39.25–6 common 65.2–20 phototoxic reactions 88.29–30 malignant acquired generalized 89.62 postinflammatory management 65.36–40 127.28 naevoid 89.61–2 with chemical peels 159.12 patient organizations/ pityriasis rotunda differential non-malignant acquired chemotherapy-induced resources 65.39–40 diagnosis 87.8 generalized 89.62–3 hypopigmentation differential syndromic 65.20–36 POEMS syndrome 88.25 paradoxical 23.16 diagnosis 120.10 congenital disorders of post-inflammatory 88.7 paraneoplastic 120.6 primary immunodeficiency 82.3 glycosylation 81.10 chemical peels 159.12 acquired lanuginosa 147.17 psoriasis 35.9 Curth–Macklin 65.14, 65.17 chemical peels in skin of colour 159.13 pinna 108.6 sarcoidosis 98.13 definition 65.2 chemotherapy-induced posterior and anterior cervical 68.11 tattoo removal complication 160.4–5 exfoliative 65.20 hyperpigmentation differential terminalis, generalized 68.2, 68.11 hypopituitarism 149.16 harlequin 65.7, 65.8, 65.9 diagnosis 120.9 universalis congenita, Ambras type 68.2, hypoplasminogenaemia, aphthous collodion baby differential laser treatment 23.14 68.11 ulceration 110.41 diagnosis 116.19 primary biliary cirrhosis 88.22 hypertriglyceridaemia 62.8–10 hyposalivation, angular cheilitis 110.80 prenatal diagnosis 7.9 primary immunodeficiency 82.3 acquired generalized hypospadias 111.7 HIV infection 31.12 psoriasis 35.9 lipodystrophy 100.1, 100.2 hypothalamopituitary axes 149.2, 149.4 with hypotrichosis 65.35, 65.36 psychotropic drugs 88.27 eruptive xanthomas 62.3 hypothenar hammer syndrome 123.12–13 hystrix-like ichthyosis and deafness renal failure 88.22, 153.3 HIV-associated lipodystrophy hypothyroidism 145.20–1, 149.13 syndrome 65.30–2 retinoic acid therapy 18.22 association 100.7 benign symmetrical lipomatosis keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness rheumatoid arthritis 88.20 hypertrophic osteoarthropathy 147.17 association 100.14 syndrome 65.30–2 sports injuries 123.16 hypertrophic scars 10.9, 96.45–9 chronic mucocutaneous candidosis lamellar 65.9–13 systemic sclerosis 56.4, 88.20–1 clinical features 96.48 association 32.58, 32.68 clinical features 65.11–12 tattoo removal complication 160.4, 160.5 definition 96.45 hypertrichosis 89.62 definition 65.9–10 tetracycline-induced 88.27, 88.28 epidemiology 96.46 iatrogenic 145.21 investigations 65.12–13 vitamin B12 deficiency association 63.20 investigations 96.48 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 pathophysiology 65.10 see also hypermelanosis laser treatment 23.10, 96.49 yellow nails 95.15 mutilating keratoderma 65.49 hyperpituitarism 149.16–17 management 23.10, 96.48–9 hypotrichoses 68.4–10, 68.15–18 neonatal ichthyosis–sclerosing hyperprolactinaemia 149.17 pathophysiology 96.46–7 autosomal dominant cholangitis 65.35, 65.36 hypersalivation, mercury toxicity 122.5 pseudofolliculitis complication 93.2 non-syndromic 68.15–16 neuro-ichthyotic syndromes 65.27–34 hypersensitivity reactions 8.54 hypervitaminosis A 63.8–9 syndromic 68.16–17 palmoplantar keratodermas with ant bites 34.16 Hyphomycetes 32.5 autosomal recessive 2.19 neurological manifestations 65.64 antibiotics 19.42 hypnotherapy 86.40 localized 68.5, 68.15 neutral lipid storage disease with azathioprine hypersensitivity hypoadrenocorticalism, chronic non-syndromic 68.5, 68.16 ichthyosis 65.32–3 syndrome 19.9 mucocutaneous candidosis 32.68 syndromic 68.17–18 non-syndromic 65.2, 65.3, 65.6–20 bee stings 34.16 hypoalbuminaemia 105.21 Bazex syndrome 141.21 palmoplantar phenotype 65.42, 65.43 CCR3 role 8.39 hypoandrogenism 145.19 with juvenile macular dystrophy 68.6, paraneoplastic 147.17 dapsone hypersensitivity hypocalcaemia, vitamin D deficiency 63.10 68.17, 68.18 peeling skin syndromes 65.26–7 syndrome 19.15 hypochondriasis, monosymptomatic neonatal ichthyosis–sclerosing pityriasis rotunda 65.41–2 drug-induced delusional 86.4 cholangitis 65.36 primary immunodeficiency 82.3 IgE-mediated 12.1–2 hypoglossal palsy 110.7 non-syndromic recessive X-linked 65.2, 65.4–6 T-cell-mediated 12.2–4 hypohidrosis 94.10–12 autosomal dominant 68.15–16 clinical features 65.5–6 IgE-mediated 109.15 congenital disorders of glycosylation 81.10 autosomal recessive 68.5, 68.16 definition 65.4 immune reactants 8.54, 8.55 congenital ichthyoses 65.39 simplex of the scalp 68.4, 68.15 investigations 65.6 molybdenum toxicity 122.9 Fabry disease 81.8 syndromic management 65.6 bites 25.33 neurological causes 94.11 autosomal dominant 68.16–17 pathophysiology 65.4–5 solar urticaria 127.21 syringomyelia association 85.8 autosomal recessive 68.17–18 Refsum disease 65.27–9 tattoo inks 123.21 hypokeratosis, palmoplantar types 4 and 5 68.4–5, 68.12 self-improving congenital 65.7, 65.11 type(s) 8.54, 8.55, 12.1 circumscribed 65.70–1 types 7 and 8 68.5, 68.16 superficial epidermolytic 65.14, 65.15, type I early-phase response 8.57–8 hypomelanosis 88.8 hypotrichosis–lymphoedema– 65.17 type II 8.59 acquired 88.34–47 telangiectasia syndrome 73.19 syndromic 65.2, 65.3, 65.20–36 type III 8.59 syndromic 88.43–7 hypoxanthine-guanine xerosis cutis differential type IV 8.60 differential diagnosis 88.34 phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) diagnosis 87.26–7 wasp stings 34.16 idiopathic guttate 88.46–7, 155.3 deficiency 81.16–17 see also autosomal recessive hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) see drug inherited, vitiligo differential hystrix-like ichthyosis and deafness congenital ichthyosis (ARCI); reaction with eosinophilia and diagnosis 88.38 syndrome 65.30–2 autosomal recessive ichthyosis systemic symptoms (DRESS) post-infectious 88.38 clinical features 65.31 with hypotrichosis; congenital hypertension post-inflammatory 88.38, 88.43–5 management 65.31–2 ichthyosiform erythroderma; ciclosporin-induced 19.11, 19.12 clinical features 88.44–5 pathophysiology 65.31 epidermolytic ichthyosis; psoriasis association 35.21 epidemiology 88.44 keratinopathic ichthyosis (KPI) hyperthermia, wart treatment 25.53 post-traumatic 88.38 I ichthyosiform atrophy, Hodgkin hyperthyroidism 88.19, 145.20–1, 149.13 progressive macular 88.38, 88.45 iatrogenic conditions, oral lesions 110.55 disease 140.49 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 see also vitiligo ichthammol 39.7 ichthyosiform erythroderma 116.19

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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see also congenital ichthyosiform topical 18.27 autoantibody specificity 50.10 biology 8.56–7 erythroderma wart treatment 18.27, 25.53 clinical signs 50.10 early-phase allergic response 8.57, 8.58 ichthyosiform sarcoidosis 98.13 immediate pigment darkening (IPD) 88.9 vulval 112.19–20 immunoglobulin switching process 8.56 ichthyosis follicularis with atrichia immediate-weal tests 4.24 see also dermatitis herpetiformis; production 8.55 and photophobia (IFAP) immersion foot 125.3–4 pemphigoid protease role 8.56 syndrome 65.23, 68.4, 68.15 immigrant patients, yaws diagnosis 29.14– immunobullous diseases, digestive protective immunity 8.54–5 ichthyosis linearis circumflexa 89.53 15 system 152.6 receptors 8.57 ichthyosis prematurity syndrome 65.7, immobility immunocompromised patients, skin Staphylococcus aureus antigens 41.12 65.34–5, 65.36 chronically swollen leg 105.8 cancer 146.1–18 structure 8.56 ichthyosis vulgaris 2.7, 3.39, 65.2–4 lymphoedema 105.50–1 clinopathological features 146.9–12 immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated clinical features 65.4 immune defence system 2.12 epidemiology 146.1–5 hypersensitivity reactions 109.15 definition 65.2 immune deficiency management 146.12–18 drug-induced 12.1–2 investigations 65.4 angular cheilitis 110.80 organizations for patients/health care immunoglobulin G (IgG) 136.2 keratosis pilaris association 87.9 aphthous stomatitis differential professionals 146.18 hypersensitivity reactions 8.59 management 65.4 diagnosis 110.29 pathophysiology 146.5–9 maternal autoantibodies 116.12 pathophysiology 65.3–4 mouth ulcers 110.17 prevention 146.15–17 urticaria 42.3–4 icterus 88.49–50 oral lesions 110.54 revision of immunosuppression 146.16 immunoglobulin G-κ (IgG-κ) 136.22 IDH1 and IDH2 gene mutations 73.15 primary and HPV infection 25.61 screening/surveillance 146.17–18 immunoglobulin M (IgM), paraprotein idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma immune dysregulation, atopic see also immunosuppression deposition 148.5 (IFAG) 91.15 eczema 41.9–10 immunocytes, recruitment 8.7 immunoglobulin superfamily, cell idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis 88.46–7, immune dysregulation immunocytochemistry panels of cell adhesion molecules 8.11–12 155.3 polyendocrinopathy enteropathy markers 3.11 immunohistochemistry idiopathic inflammatory myopathies X-linked (IPEX) syndrome 41.10 immunocytoma 140.39 microorganism detection 3.10 (IIM) 53.1, 53.2 immune function immunodeficiency viral disease techniques 3.27 idiopathic lenticular pigmentation 110.12 obesity 100.25–6 acquired 148.16, 148.17 immunological contact urticaria see allergic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura peripheral and ageing 2.46 immunosuppressive contact urticaria IgA vasculitis differential immune reactions antibodies 148.18 immunological tolerance 128.9–10 diagnosis 102.15 adverse to drugs 12.1–6 skin cancers 146.2–5 immunomodulation, UVR-induced 9.8–9 urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 types 12.1 antibodies against cytokines 148.15, immunomodulatory therapy 1.8, 19.3–41 idoxuridine 18.13 immune reconstitution associated disease 148.17 adverse effects 19.3 IFN-inducible protein 10 (CXCL10) 8.39 (IRAD) 31.7–8, 31.35, 31.36 inherited 82.1–3 azathioprine 19.7–10, 129.8 IgA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies cytomegalovirus treatment 31.24 definition 82.1 counselling 19.3 (ANCA) 102.10 herpes simplex virus treatment 31.22 diagnosis 82.1–3 fumaric acid esters 19.15–17, 35.26, 35.28 IgA myeloma, urticarial vasculitis Kaposi sarcoma 31.30 lymphoedema 105.52 glucocorticoids 2.31, 19.17–21 association 44.2 leishmaniasis 31.28 mutations in cytokines/signalling mycophenolate mofetil 19.25–7, 38.6 IgA nephropathy, IgA vasculitis pityriasis versicolor in HIV 31.28 proteins 148.18 potassium iodide 19.27–8 differential diagnosis 102.15 immune reconstitution inflammatory oral manifestations 110.90 pre-treatment checklist 19.3 IgA pemphigus 110.47–8 syndrome (IRIS) 31.7–8, 31.35, 31.36 secondary 82.1 , systemic 19.37–40, 65.6 intercellular crusted scabies 34.45 see also combined immunodeficiencies; see also antihistamines; antimalarials; clinical features 50.2 cytomegalovirus treatment 31.24 HIV infection; primary biological therapies; ciclosporin; subcorneal pustular dermatosis herpes simplex virus treatment 31.22 immunodeficiency colchicine; dapsone; differential diagnosis 49.15 Kaposi sarcoma 31.30 immunodeficiency and neoplasia hydroxycarbamide; intravenous subcorneal pustular dermatosis leishmaniasis 31.28 syndromes 147.13–14 immunoglobulin (IVIG); differential diagnosis 49.15 pityriasis versicolor in HIV 31.28 immunodeficiency, centromeric methotrexate; thalidomide IgA vasculitis 102.13–16 immune response instability–facial anomalies (ICF) immunopathology techniques 3.10–16 classification criteria 102.13 acne vulgaris 90.35 syndrome 82.11 applications 3.16–25 clinical features 102.15–16 cell-mediated 25.4 immunodysregulation immunoreconstitution phenomena definition 102.13 wart rejection 25.46 polyendocrinopathy enteropathy candidosis 31.26 epidemiology 102.13–14 cytokines role 8.32 X-linked syndrome 82.14 histoplasmosis 31.27 investigations 102.16 filler adverse reaction 157.9, 157.10 immunoediting, skin cancer 146.5–6 molluscum contagiosum 31.25 management 102.16 HSV infection 25.16 immunoelectron microscopy 3.11 penicilliosis 31.27 nomenclature 102.13 neuroendocrine role 149.7 immunoenzyme methods 3.14–16 see also immune reconstitution pathophysiology 102.14–15 wound healing 10.1, 10.2–3, 10.4 avidin–biotin coupling of antibody and associated disease (IRAD); immune relapse 102.16 immune restoration disease (IRD) 31.7–8, enzyme 3.16 reconstitution inflammatory IgG gammopathy 147.23 31.35, 31.36 chemical conjugation of peroxidase to syndrome (IRIS); immune IgG4-related disease 148.14 cytomegalovirus treatment 31.24, 31.36 antibody 3.14 restoration disease (IRD) Iggo discs see touch spots herpes simplex virus treatment 31.22, conjugates 3.14–15 immunosuppression IKBKG gene mutations 70.11 31.36 avidin–biotin coupling 3.16 apoptotic pathway induction 8.54 IκB (IKK) complex 70.11, 82.16 Kaposi sarcoma 31.30 controls 3.16 bacillary angiomatosis association 26.61 IL36RN gene mutations 119.2 leishmaniasis 31.28 fixed frozen sections 3.15–16 basal cell carcinoma incidence 141.3 ileostomy see stomas pityriasis versicolor in HIV 31.28 paraffin sections 3.16 chemical peel contraindication 159.6 ilioinguinal lymph nodes, abdominal wall varicella-zoster virus reactivation 31.23 peroxidase reaction detection 3.16 children 31.34–5 lymphoedema 105.21 immune surveillance 2.15 technical limitations 3.14 cytomegalovirus 25.36 iloprost immune system immunofluorescence technique 3.10–14 Demodex lesions 34.53–4 frostbite management 125.3 adipocyte interactions 99.7 blood specimens 3.13 disseminated superficial Raynaud phenomenon antimicrobial peptide role 8.14 direct 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 porokeratosis 65.67 treatment 125.10 pregnancy 115.3 double staining 3.12 haemophagocytic imatinib, hair pigmentary changes 89.71 see also adaptive immune system; innate indirect 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 lymphohistiocytosis 25.32 imidazoles 19.43, 19.44 immunity calcium enhancement 3.14 herpes simplex virus infection 25.16 topical 18.12 immune tolerance 8.30 complement binding 3.14 HIV infection 31.5 imidazolidinyl urea 128.34–5 immune trafficking, lymphatic split skin 3.13–14 human herpesvirus reactivation 25.35–6 imiquimod vessels 105.11 methods 3.12–14 human papillomavirus infection 25.61– actinic keratosis treatment 142.8, 142.9, immunoabsorption, pemphigus immunogenotyping 3.27 3, 112.28 142.10, 146.15 treatment 50.9 immunoglobulin A (IgA), salivary 110.4 iatrogenic causes 25.63 anal intraepithelial neoplasia 113.17 immunoblotting 3.11 immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency 82.3 infection reactivation 19.3 basal cell carcinoma treatment 141.13– immunobullous disease 109.25 childhood linear 82.14, 82.15 infectious panniculitis 99.44 14, 141.15 cicatricial conjunctivitis associated oral infections 110.4 investigations 25.30 Bowen disease treatment 142.21, 142.22, with 109.25–7, 109.28–9, 109.29–34, see also linear IgA disease management 25.30 142.22 109.35, 109.36 immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis 45.6 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.2 HPV infection treatment 18.13 delusional infestation differential immunoglobulin deposition molluscum contagiosum 25.12 human papillomavirus treatment 31.24 diagnosis 86.6 disorders 148.5–6 penile cancer complication 111.30 keratoacanthoma treatment 142.36 mast cell role 2.17 immunoglobulin E (IgE) renal transplantation 153.5–6 perianal contact dermatitis mixed 50.36 allergen-specific 8.58 revision 146.16 induction 113.8, 113.9 orf complication 25.10 amplification mechanisms 8.57 sebaceous carcinoma 138.18–19 port-wine stains 23.9 subepidermal 50.9–49 atopic eczema 41.11–12, 41.14 squamous cell carcinoma

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immunosuppression (continued) industrial skin diseases 1.8 associated anomalies 117.17 immunosuppression development risk 142.5, 142.27, 146.9 see also occupational disorders cherry angioma differential reactivation in 19.3 secondary prevention 142.32–3 infant(s) diagnosis 103.12 for renal transplantation 153.5–6 systemic lupus erythematosus acne 117.5 classification 117.17 injecting drug abuse 121.3–4 treatment 51.36 acne conglobata 90.62 clinical features 117.18–22, 117.20–2 IVIG adverse reaction 19.36 systemic sclerosis management 56.19 acrodermatitis enteropathica 63.26 complications/co-morbidities 117.21–2 lymphatic malformations 105.37 trichodysplasia spinulosa 25.42–3, 87.14 acute haemorrhagic oedema 117.9–10 definition 117.16 lymphoedema 105.52 varicella infection 25.26 age effects on drug therapeutic disease course 117.22 with amniotic band zoster infection 25.27, 25.30 outcomes 14.7 epidemiology 117.17 constriction 105.38 see also immunomodulatory therapy annular erythema of infancy 47.6–8 eyelid 109.48, 109.48 complication 105.13 immunosuppressive drugs arteriovenous malformation 103.21 hepatic 117.21 management 105.56 acne association 90.11 atopic eczema 41.16 investigations 117.22 massive localized 105.25 skin cancer 146.3–4 beriberi 63.14 laser therapy 23.6 prevention 105.56 immunotherapy blistering treatment 71.24–5 management 117.22–3, 117.24 malakoplakia 136.21 contact in alopecia areata bullous diseases 117.7–8 multifocal cutaneous with/ male genital dermatoses 111.21–4 treatment 89.34 chronic mucocutaneous without extracutaneous mevalonate kinase deficiency intralesional in wart treatment 25.53 candidosis 32.69 involvement 117.20–1 complication 45.6–7 melanoma treatment 143.30–1 cold panniculitis 99.33–4, 116.14 nomenclature 117.17 milaria 94.13 mycosis fungoides 140.24 congenital candidosis 32.67 oral 110.72 mycophenolate mofetil-associated 19.26 Sézary syndrome 140.24 congenital syphilis 116.26 pathophysiology 117.17–18 nail cosmetics risks 95.64 topical in wart treatment 25.53 constricting bands of the perianal skin 113.4 nail fold 95.35–8 Impact of Psoriasis Questionnaire extremities 96.43 periocular 117.22 nail plate subungual abscess 95.37–8 (IPSO) 16.6 cryopyrin-associated periodic prognosis 117.22 neonatal 116.21–7 imperforate anus 113.4 syndrome 45.4 segmental 117.20 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis 94.14 impetigo 26.12, 26.13–16, 34.44, 110.50 cutaneous mucinosis of infancy 59.7 variants 117.20–1 39.8 antibiotic resistance 26.16 dermatitis gangrenosa infantum 26.83–4 differential obesity 100.25 clinical features 26.14–15 dermatoses 117.1–16 diagnosis 117.17 opportunistic definition 26.13 epidermolysis bullosa treatment 71.24–5 infantile haemangiopericytoma 137.42 AIDS-defining 31.5 diphtheria differential diagnosis 26.38 fibrous hamartoma of infancy 137.6–7 infantile hyaline fibromatosis 72.17–18 in lymphoedema 105.52 endemic 26.16 generalized pustular psoriasis 35.35–6 stiff skin syndrome differential systemic sclerosis 56.11 epidemiology 26.13–14 genetic conditions 117.12–13 diagnosis 72.18 oral cavity 110.91–2 eyelids 109.41 haemangiomas 117.17–23 infantile myofibromatosis 96.38–9, 137.42 oral mucosa disorders 110.7, 110.8 herpetiformis 35.35 hair loss 117.14 infantile Refsum disease 65.28 ulceration 110.48–54 immunodeficiency association 148.15 hair shedding 116.3 infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis 40.2–3, perineum/perianal region 113.9–17 infants 117.7 herpes zoster 116.22 41.23, 107.1, 107.2, 117.2 phobias 86.20 infective cheilitis 110.87 ichthyosiform erythroderma 39.33 atopic eczema differential pinna 108.11, 108.15 investigations 26.15 inclusion body fibromatosis 137.10–11 diagnosis 41.21 pregnancy 115.3–5 Kaposi varicelliform eruption infective conditions 117.6–9 differential diagnosis 40.4 pressure ulcers 124.2, 124.3, 124.5, mimicking 41.22 inflammatory conditions 117.1–6 infantile stiff skin syndromes 72.17–20 124.6–7, 124.7–8 management 26.15–16 iron deficiency 63.24 infantile systemic hyalinosis 96.40 prevention in lymphoedema neonates 26.15 Kawasaki disease 102.32 infections 111.21 management 105.56 non-bullous 26.13, 26.14–15, 117.7 95.7 acne fulminans 90.51 psoriasis association 35.4, 35.20 pathophysiology 26.14 lipoblastoma 137.59–60 acquired ichthyoses 65.41 purpura 101.15 pemphigus foliaceus differential lipoid proteinosis 72.32 alcohol abuse co-morbidity 86.32 radiodermatitis 120.13 diagnosis 50.7 low birthweight 116.26 allergic eczema relationship 41.13–14 rat bites 26.71–2, 131.5–6 post-streptococcal Michelin tyre baby 72.15 alopecia areata 89.30 reactivation in immunosuppression 19.3 glomerulonephritis 153.6 raised linear bands of infancy angular cheilitis 110.80 recurrent in primary recurrent toxin-mediated perineal differential diagnosis 116.18 ano-rectal necrotizing soft tissue 113.11 immunodeficiency 82.2 erythema association 26.32 smooth muscle hamartoma 75.20 aphthous stomatitis 110.48–54 renal involvement 153.6 subcorneal pustular dermatosis multiple sulphatase deficiency 65.29 atopic eczema 41.13, 41.30 respiratory disorder association 151.1–2, differential diagnosis 49.15 nodular/granulomatous candidosis of azathioprine-associated 19.9 151.4 tinea capitis differential diagnosis 32.40 the napkin area 32.66 breast lymphoedema 105.24 scalp disorders 107.10 tinea corporis differential noma neonatorum 116.26 burns secondary in eczema 39.4, 39.6 diagnosis 32.37 paronychia of great toe 95.36 central line-associated 126.8 lower leg eczema complication 39.20 see also perineal candidosis 32.65–6 control 126.7–9 Sjögren syndrome 55.6 implants, metal, allergic reactions 128.59 pigmented neuroectodermal inhalation injuries 126.5 skin resurfacing complication 160.10 in situ hybridization 3.10 tumour 137.53–4 systemic 126.8 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.21 incidence 5.13 prepubertal acne 90.59–64 topical 126.8 stomas 114.3–4 incisional hernia, risk with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 26.52 cardiac involvement 150.5 subungual abscess 95.37–8 obesity 100.26 raised linear bands of infancy 116.18 cat bites 131.5–6 superinfections and congenital inclusion body fibromatosis 137.10–11 reactive conditions 117.9–12 cheilitis 110.87 ichthyoses 65.39 inclusion body myositis 53.1 small-for-gestational age 116.4 chemical peels 159.10–11 surgical 20.10, 20.11 subacute cutaneous lupus neonatal cold injury 116.14 childhood and atopic eczema Sweet syndrome 49.9 erythematosus association 51.12 viral exanthems 117.6–7 protection 41.9 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.32 incontinentia pigmenti 70.2, 70.11, 70.12, vitamin D deficiency complement diseases 82.17–18 association 51.18–19 70.13 management 63.11 corticosteroid-induced systemic sclerosis 56.11 epidermolysis bullosa differential vitamin K deficiency bleeding 63.12–13 exacerbations 18.17 tattoo complications 123.21 diagnosis 71.23 see also circumcision; developmental delayed-type hypersensitivity 8.60 TNF-α role 8.35 Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 abnormalities; named infantile dermatitis 39.22–4 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.21 MIDAS syndrome differential conditions; neonates; preterm infants HTLV-1-associated of children 39.24 urticaria 42.6, 42.8, 47.3, 47.8 diagnosis 67.25 infantile acropustulosis 116.7–8, 117.4–5 diabetes 64.3 vulval 112.23–9 NFκB pathway-related infantile eosinophilic pustular folliculitis DOCK8 deficiency 82.9–10 see also bacterial infections; cellulitis; immunodeficiency 82.16 differential diagnosis 93.10 dog bites 131.5–6 fungal infections; parasitic diseases; indinavir, retinoid-like effects 31.20 infantile digital fibromatosis 137.10 Down syndrome 76.2 sexually transmitted infections; indiocyanine green-augmented diode infantile eosinophilic pustular DRESS differential diagnosis 119.10 viral infections; wound infections laser, leg veins 23.10 folliculitis 93.9–10 external ear 108.11, 108.15–22 infectious mononucleosis 25.31–3 indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) infantile fibromatosis eyes 109.36–8, 109.39–40, 109.40–3 clinical features 25.31–2 technique 3.11, 3.12, 3.13 plantar fascial fibromatosis differential genital lymphoedema 105.18 investigations 25.32–3 calcium enhancement 3.14 diagnosis 96.33 glucocorticoid effects 19.19, 19.20 management 25.33 complement binding 3.14 variant 137.14 granuloma annulare 97.2 oral lesions 110.51 split skin 3.13–14 infantile gluteal granuloma 117.4 hair loss 89.47 urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 indometacin 18.36 corticosteroid treatment hidradenitis suppurativa differential infective agents 5.10 induced illness 86.30 association 18.17 diagnosis 92.7 infective arthropathies 154.2–5 inducible lymphoid cells, IL-4 in infantile haemangiomas 117.16–23, historical aspects 1.7–8 infective eczematoid dermatitis, production 8.57 117.20–3 IgA vasculitis 102.15 pinna 108.11

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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infective endocarditis 101.16, 101.17 seronegative arthritis/spondylitis 154.5 infundibulofolliculitis, disseminate and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) cardiac involvement 150.5 skin cancer association 146.5 recurrent 93.6–7 acanthosis nigricans 87.3 inferior vena cava obstruction, abdominal subcorneal pustular dermatosis ingenol mebutate, actinic keratosis burns treatment 126.10 wall lymphoedema differential association 49.14 treatment 18.27, 142.8, 142.9, 146.15 raised prolactin levels 149.17 diagnosis 105.21 see also Crohn disease; ulcerative colitis inguinal folds 113.3 integrase inhibitors 31.9 infestations inflammatory chondropathies 154.11–13 inguinal hernia 105.18 integrated clinical management 11.7–8 alcohol abuse co-morbidity 86.32 inflammatory dendritic epidermal inguinal lymph nodes 113.3 integrin(s) 2.2, 8.7, 8.9–11 delusional infestation differential cells 8.29 inhalants 121.2 inflammatory skin diseases 8.9–10 diagnosis 86.6 inflammatory dermatoses inhalation injury, burns 126.1, 126.4–5 laminin cell binding 2.23, 2.25 microscopy in diagnosis 4.22 cardiac involvement 150.4–5 diagnosis 126.4–5 leukocyte trafficking 8.10–11 urticaria 42.6, 47.3 cutaneous vasculitis differential treatment 126.5 ligation 8.9 infestations, delusional 86.4–7, 86.8 diagnosis 102.4 inherited disorders 7.2, 7.2–3 mechanical function 123.5 clinical features 86.6–7 cytokine signalling in macrophages 8.23 analysis 7.8–9 wound healing 10.4–5 complications/co-morbidities 86.6 HIV infection 31.13–17 cardiac 150.1, 150.2, 150.3–4 α6β4 integrin 71.4 disease course 86.6 male genital 111.9–21 linkage studies 7.8 α3 integrin subunit 71.4 epidemiology 86.5 MMP activity 8.43 prenatal diagnosis 7.9–10 β1-integrins 8.9 investigations 86.7 post-inflammatory renal involvement 153.1–2 β2-integrins 8.10 management 86.7, 86.8 hypermelanosis 88.31–2 respiratory disorder association 151.2, intellectual disability, Down pathophysiology 86.5–6 reactive 47.1–15, 47.16 151.4–5 syndrome 76.2 prognosis 86.6 respiratory disorder association 151.1 INI 1 tumour-suppressor gene 3.23 intense pulsed light (IPL) systems 160.2–3 specimen sign 86.7 inflammatory diseases injecting drug abuse 121.3–4 intensity modulated radiotherapy infiltrating lipomatosis of the face assessment tools 16.2 HIV infection 31.35 (IMRT) 24.3, 24.4 (IL-F) 100.17–18 ear lymphoedematous infections 121.3–4 intention to treat (ITT) analysis 17.13 inflammation enlargement 105.15 panniculitis 99.47 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 acne vulgaris 90.18–19 high-power microscopy 3.30–3 phlebolymphoedema 105.8 (ICAM-1) 8.9, 8.11–12 acute phase 8.2 historical aspects 1.8 injecting drug use, lymphoedema 105.50 expression on keratinocytes 8.12 antimicrobial peptide role 8.14 immune-mediated 146.5 injections, self-inflicted 99.46–7 intercellular adhesion molecule 2 apoptosis 8.53–4 immunomodulatory treatments 1.8 injury, skin 123.1–26 (ICAM-2) 8.11, 8.12 atrophic scars 96.11–12 integrins 8.9–10 determinants of response 123.1–2 intercellular IgA pemphigus cell–cell adhesion in epidermis/ neutrophil role 8.18 foreign-body reactions 123.16–18, clinical features 50.2 dermis 8.9–13 pregnancy 115.8–9, 115.10 123.19, 123.20–3 subcorneal pustular dermatosis cell–cell communication 8.7–9 subcutaneous fat 99.6–8 friction 123.5–13 differential diagnosis 49.15 cellular components 8.2, 8.4–13 inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal see also ; trauma interdigital sinus 123.22 chronic 8.2 naevus (ILVEN) 75.4 innate immune cells, atopic eczema 41.11, interferon 8.32, 8.34–5 chronic paronychia 95.36–7 ano-genital 113.4 41.13 drug eruptions 31.18 clinical characteristics 8.1–2 clinical features 75.4–8 innate immunity 2.12, 8.13–26, 8.54 macrophage secretion 8.21–2 cytokines 8.33–4 lichen striatus differential acne vulgaris 90.35 receptors 8.34 role 8.32 diagnosis 37.20 activation 12.4 wart treatment 25.53 dysaesthesia 8.1–2 management 75.8 antimicrobial peptides 8.13–14 interferon (IFN-α) 8.32, 8.34 early 8.2 psoriasis overlap 75.5 atopic eczema 41.11, 41.13 melanoma treatment 143.28–9 endothelial cells 8.7 inflammatory mediators 8.2, 8.31–2, cells regulating 8.15–26 sarcoidosis 98.3–4 fibroblast role 8.6 8.33–4, 8.34–6, 8.37, 8.38–54 defence mechanisms 8.13–15 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.18–19 free activity 8.45 acute-phase proteins 8.31–2 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.2–3 interferon α-2b (IFN-α-2b), basal cell heat 8.1 chemokine receptors 8.38, 8.39–40 mast cell roles 2.17 carcinoma treatment 141.15 hyperalgesia 8.1–2 cytokine inhibitors 8.35–6 NK cells 8.16–17 interferon β (IFN-β) 8.32, 8.34 keratinocytes 8.2, 8.4–6 leukotrienes 8.49 rosacea 91.4 interferon γ (IFN-γ) 8.32, 8.34 Langerhans cell role 8.29 lysosomal mediators 8.43–4 UVR exposure 9.13 interferon γ release assays (IGRA) 27.4–5 lips 110.82–8 neuromediators 8.49–53 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) 8.26, 8.27 interferon-producing plasmacytoid lymphatics 105.51 nitric oxide 8.44, 8.45–6 inner root sheath (IRS) 2.9 predendritic cells, type I 2.15 lysosome role 8.44 platelet activating factor 8.47 inoculation herpes simplex interleukin(s) 8.32, 8.33–4 major histocompatibility complex 8.26–8 platelets 8.24–5 infection 25.23 interleukin 1 (IL-1) male genital dermatoses 111.9–21 prostaglandins 8.48–9 insect bite-like reaction 148.8 cell communication 8.32 mucous membrane pemphigoid 109.27 proteases 8.40–2 malignancy association 147.23 keratinocyte-derived 8.4 suppression 109.33 itching in skin disease 83.7 insect bites interleukin 1 (IL-1) antagonists 19.32 neurogenic 8.50, 85.2–3 radical oxygen species 8.44–5 actinic prurigo differential interleukin 1 (IL-1) converting nitric oxide role 8.44 thromboxanes 8.48–9 diagnosis 127.11 enzyme 8.41 pain 8.1–2 wound healing 10.2 cutaneous vasculitis differential interleukin 1 receptor A (IL-1RA) 8.36 perianal region 113.6–8 see also chemokines; cytokines; diagnosis 102.4 interleukin 1 receptor antagonist perineum 113.6–8 histamine; matrix exaggerated reaction 148.8 deficiency 45.7 phases 8.2 metalloproteinase(s) (MMPs); hypersensitivity reaction 117.11 interleukin 2 (IL-2) post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, tumour necrosis factor (TNF); pityriasis lichenoides differential itching in skin disease 83.7 occupational dyspigmentation individual interleukins diagnosis 135.5 melanoma treatment 143.31 differential diagnosis 130.12 inflammatory myopathy 140.35–6 venom immunotherapy 46.9 interleukin 4 (IL-4) pruritus 8.1–2 inflammatory peeling skin insect repellants 34.5 early-phase allergic response 8.58 reactive oxygen species role 8.44 disease 65.26–7 insect venom allergies, IgE 8.56 immunoglobulin switching 8.56 redness 8.1 inflammatory response, microbiological insect-borne viral infections 25.74–8 inducible lymphoid cell production 8.57 scleroderma 8.6 agents 8.5 insecticide resistance 18.13 interleukin 5 (IL-5), atopic eczema 41.10 sports injuries 123.16 inflammatory skin reactions, IRIS/IRD/ insulin interleukin 6 (IL-6), wound healing 10.3 subtype histology 8.3 IRAD 31.36 allergic reactions 64.4 interleukin 8 (IL-8) 8.39, 8.40 swelling 8.2 infliximab burns treatment 126.11 chemokine receptors 8.39 TLR activity 8.14–15 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 fat hypertrophy association 100.13 interleukin 10 (IL-10) 8.36 TNF-α role 8.35 adverse effects 19.30 lipodystrophy 64.4 interleukin 12/interleukin 23 p40 vulval conditions 112.6–17 dosage 19.30 localized lipoatrophy induction 100.9– inhibitors, plaque psoriasis wound healing 10.1, 10.2–3, 10.4 psoriasis therapy 19.29, 31.16 10 treatment 35.30–1 inflammatory arthropathies 154.5–8 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.45–6 PCOS 89.65, 89.68 interleukin 13 (IL-13) inflammatory bowel disease 152.1–3 pyoderma gangrenosum sensitivity 99.5 Dercum disease 100.16 aseptic abscess syndrome 49.17 treatment 49.5–6 insulin resistance early-phase allergic response 8.58 bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis sarcoidosis treatment 98.16–17 acanthosis nigricans 87.3, 87.4, 112.21 interleukin 17 (IL-17), atopic eczema 41.10 syndrome 49.12 TNF-α neutralization 8.35 acne association 90.3 interleukin 17 (IL-17) inhibitors 19.31–2 erythema nodosum 99.21 information websites 15.3–4 acquired generalized plaque psoriasis treatment 35.31 psoriasis association 35.20, 114.4–5, informed consent, biopsy 3.2 lipodystrophy 100.1, 100.2 psoriasis treatment 19.31 152.3 infragluteal folds 113.3 dyslipidaemia 62.11 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.46 pyoderma gangrenosum infrared radiation insulin resistance syndrome, type B 87.4 interleukin 18 (IL-18) 8.4 association 49.1–2, 49.3, 49.4 diseases caused by 125.12–13 insulin-induced localized fat interleukin 18 receptor A (IL-18RA) 8.36 reactive lesions 152.2–3 physiological reactions 125.11 hypertrophy 100.12–13 interleukin 23 (IL-23) antagonists 19.31–2

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interleukin 25 (IL-25) 8.58 involucrin 2.7, 8.4 ischaemic fasciitis 137.6 tinea capitis treatment 32.40 interleukin 31 (IL-31) 8.2 iodides, acne association 90.12 ischio-anal fossa 113.2 ivermectin 18.13 atopic eczema 41.15 iodine Islamic medicine, early 1.3 cutaneous larva migrans itching in skin disease 83.7 exposure and dermatitis isoflavones, antiageing products 156.9 treatment 33.19 interleukin 33 (IL-33) 8.4, 8.58 herpetiformis 50.53 isomorphic phenomenon see Koebner treatment 18.13 interleukin 36 receptor antagonist topical therapy 18.10 phenomenon loiasis treatment 33.11 (IL-36RA) deficiency 45.8, 45.11 ion channels 14.4, 14.5 isoniazid 27.9–10 lymphatic filariasis treatment 33.9, internal consistency 16.2 ionizing radiation acne association 90.11 105.45 International Conference on exposure and occupational skin drug eruption 31.17 myiasis treatment 34.12 Harmonisation Good Clinical cancers 130.14 N-isopropyl-N’-phenyl-p- onchocerciasis treatment 33.6 Practice (ICH-GCP) Guideline skin cancer treatment 24.1–2 phenylenediamine (IPPD) 128.14 rosacea treatment 91.13 14.12 iontophoresis, hyperhidrosis isothiazolinones 18.8, 128.35–7 scabies treatment 18.13, 34.43–4 internet use in diagnosis 4.26 treatment 94.8–9 isotretinoin 19.37 streptocerciasis treatment 33.6, 33.7 interpersonal counselling 86.39 iridium wire implants, radioactive 24.7 acanthosis nigricans treatment 87.5 strongyloidosis treatment 33.17 interpersonal psychotherapy 86.39 IRIS/IRD/IRAD see immune acne conglobata treatment 90.56 ixekizumab, plaque psoriasis interquartile range 17.18 reconstitution associated disease acne fulminans treatment 90.53 treatment 35.31 interstitial granulomatous dermatosis, (IRAD); immune reconstitution acne treatment 11.4 Ixodidae 34.35–6 rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory syndrome (IRIS); acne vulgaris treatment 18.22 association 55.2–3, 154.14 immune restoration disease (IRD) acute acne flare 90.47, 90.51 J interstitial lung disease (ILD), iron deficiency 63.23–5 alcohol effects 90.47–8 Jaccoud arthropathy 51.27–8 dermatomyositis 53.8–9, 53.11 anaemia 148.16 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis Jackson–Lawler syndrome see intertrigo aphthous ulceration 110.39 treatment 87.7 Candida 32.63–4 clinical features 63.24 congenital ichthyoses 65.38–9 Jacob disease 110.25 candidosis 32.69 deficiency glossitis 110.64 depression association 86.34–5 Jadassohn, Josef 128.1 groin 123.16 dysphagia and oesophageal web 152.1 distribution control 90.45–6 Jadassohn naevus phakomatosis 73.17 male genital 111.3 investigations 63.24 dosage 90.45–6 Jadassohn–Lewandowsky syndrome see psoriasis differential diagnosis 112.16 management 63.24–5 education 90.45 pachyonychia congenita symmetrical drug-related intertriginous pruritus 83.11 hidradenitis suppurativa JAK2V617F gene mutation 101.11, 101.12 and flexural exanthem differential telogen effluvium 89.25 management 92.10 Jak-Stat-Socs pathway 8.23, 8.32 diagnosis 118.6 iron salts, tattoos 88.53 keloid induction 96.46 Jamaican children, infective dermatitis tinea cruris differential diagnosis 32.47 irritancy potential of substances 129.1 keratosis pilaris treatment 87.11 associated with HTLV-1 39.24 intertrigous eruption associated with irritant contact dermatitis 107.4, 129.1–8 loricrin keratoderma treatment 65.49 Jaquet dermatitis 117.4 chemotherapy 120.1, 120.2 acrodermatitis enteropathica differential mood disorder association 86.34–5 Jarisch–Herxheimer reaction 29.26 intestinal disorders 152.1–4 diagnosis 63.26 papulopustular acne treatment 90.44 jaundice 88.49–50 intestinal polyposis 67.5, 152.4 allergic contact dermatitis differential pregnancy testing 90.45 acute pancreatitis 152.6 intracellular enzymes 14.4, 14.5 diagnosis 128.62 prepubertal acne 90.63, 90.64, 90.64 hepatitis A virus 25.83 intradermal injection ano-genital 111.10, 111.11 prescribing 90.44–5, 90.46 liver cirrhosis 152.5 diagnostic 4.23 apron pattern 129.4 rosacea treatment 91.13, 91.14 neonatal 88.49, 88.50, 116.10 long-delayed 4.25 cheilitis 129.5 sacroiliitis precipitation 154.10 neonatal ichthyosis–sclerosing intradermal tests, delayed chemical burns differential sebaceous gland hyperplasia cholangitis 65.36 sensitivity 4.24–5 diagnosis 129.12 treatment 93.13 jaws, examination 110.5 intraepithelial carcinoma 142.17 clinical features 129.3–6 severe acne treatment 90.44–8 jeep driver’s disease see pilonidal sinus anal 142.25 cosmetics 129.4–5 side effects 90.46–8 jellyfish stings 131.1–2 intraepithelial neoplasia, ano-genital 25.57 definition 129.1 mood changes 90.46–7 Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate 135.10–11 intrahepatic cholestasis of differential diagnosis 129.4, 129.5–6 mucocutaneous 90.46 discoid lupus erythematosus differential pregnancy 83.11, 83.12, 115.10–11 drug-induced eczema differential teratogenicity 90.45 diagnosis 51.9 intralymphatic histiocytosis 154.14 diagnosis 118.5 topical 18.22–3 lymphocytoma cutis differential intraoral examination 110.6–7 epidemiology 129.1–2 isotretinoin efficacy, drug diagnosis 135.9 intraoral hairy flaps, laser-assisted hair erythema 129.6 interactions 90.48 papulopustular rosacea differential removal 23.15 faecal 114.10–13 Italian Renaissance 1.3 diagnosis 91.11 intravascular large B-cell haemodialysis complication 153.4 Itch Severity Scale 16.3 polymorphic light eruption differential lymphoma 140.43–4, 140.43–5 hand 129.2, 129.4 itching diagnosis 127.4 intravascular papillary endothelial advice to patients 129.7 acne vulgaris 90.22 Jessner’s solution chemical peel 159.3, hyperplasia 110.72, 137.23–4 histology of reactions 129.3–4 atopic 83.9 159.4, 159.5, 159.6 intravascular pressure, raised in hydration 129.6 atopic eczema 41.14–15 skin of colour 159.13 purpura 101.4–5 investigations 129.6 central transmission 83.5 systemic toxicity 159.12 intravenous drug use see injecting drug management 129.6–8 cutaneous induction 83.4–5 trichloroacetic acid combination 159.9, abuse musical instruments 123.11 diagnosis 4.2 159.10 intravenous immunoglobulin napkin (diaper) 129.5 histamine mediation 8.46 jewellery (IVIG) 19.35–6 occupational 129.2, 130.1–5 infantile acropustulosis 116.7–8 allergic contact dermatitis 128.13, 128.16 adverse effects 19.35–6 skin protection programme 129.8 83.20, 107.4 ear piercing complications 108.7 Comèl–Netherton syndrome occupational allergic contact dermatitis mediators 83.6–7 earring argyria 122.7 treatment 65.25 differential diagnosis 130.6 paraneoplastic 148.10 jiggers 34.13 contraindications 19.36 occupational irritant contact dermatitis perianal 83.14, 113.4–6 Job syndrome see hyper-IgE syndrome dermatological uses 19.35 differential diagnosis 130.3 pregnancy 115.10–11 Jod–Basedow phenomenon, potassium dermatomyositis 53.12 pathophysiology 129.2–3 primary biliary cirrhosis 152.5 iodide-induced 19.28 discoid lupus erythematosus perianal 129.5 psychogenic 86.21–2 jogger’s nipples 123.16 treatment 51.11 perineum/perianal region 113.7 scabies 34.40 jogger’s toe 123.15–16 dose 19.36 peristomal 129.5 scalp 107.12–13 joints DRESS treatment 119.11 reaction types 129.1 sweating relationship 41.15 effusions in fibroblastic rheumatism 55.4 drug–drug interactions 19.36 severity classification 129.6 systemic disease 83.10–14 elbow in nail–patella syndrome 69.16 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita skin thickness 129.6 vulval 83.14 stiff in diabetes 64.6 treatment 50.46 stoma complications 114.10–13 water-induced 83.11 see also knees Kawasaki disease treatment 102.33 transepidermal water loss 129.6 see also pruritus; scratching Jordan anomaly 65.32 monitoring 19.36 transient acantholytic dermatosis itching purpura 101.8, 101.9, 101.10 judo jogger’s itch 123.16 pemphigus treatment 50.9 association 87.22 ITPKC gene mutations, Kawasaki junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) 2.20 pharmacological properties 19.35 urinary 114.10–13 disease 102.32 juvenile aponeurotic fibroma 96.32 pre-treatment screening 19.36 volatile/airborne 129.5 itraconazole 19.44 juvenile dermatomyositis 53.2, 53.9 regimens 19.36 irritants 129.2 blastomycosis treatment 32.87 acquired generalized lipodystrophy scleredema treatment 59.11 dissociation constant 129.3 coccidioidomycosis treatment 32.89 association 100.3 Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic hand eczema 39.17 dermatophytosis treatment 32.33–4 juvenile elastoma 72.30 epidermal necrolysis 119.21–2 hydrophobicity 129.3 treatment failure 32.35 juvenile fibromatoses 96.38–40 systemic lupus erythematosus mechanism of action 129.3 paracoccidioidomycosis treatment 32.90 variant 137.14 treatment 51.36 plant 129.2 sporotrichosis treatment 32.73 juvenile hyaline fibromatosis 72.17–18, intrinsic factor 63.20 volatile/airborne 129.5 Talaromyces marneffei treatment 32.91 96.39–40

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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juvenile idiopathic arthritis haemorrhoids differential Kennedy terminal ulcer 124.8 see also dermatosis papulosa atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini diagnosis 113.31 kenogen 89.7 nigricans; keratosis follicularis, differential diagnosis overlap 96.16 high-power microscopy 3.33 androgenetic alopecia 89.18 inverted; seborrhoeic keratosis; pachydermodactyly differential immunocompromised patients 146.11 keratin(s) 2.1 skin tags diagnosis 96.36 incidence 31.5 gene mutations 65.44, 65.45 keratinopathic ichthyosis (KPI) 65.13–17 systemic-onset 45.11 investigations 139.6 genetic disorder association 2.8 definition 65.13 Kawasaki disease differential management 139.6 hair 2.9 management 65.38–9 diagnosis 102.33 nodular 139.1, 139.4 immunopathology 3.18–19 pathophysiology 65.13 juvenile myeloid leukaemia nomenclature 139.1 nail structure 95.4 keratinopathies 65.2 association with NF1/juvenile oncogenic viral infection 146.7 trichocyte 95.4 keratitis xanthogranuloma 80.5 oral 31.29, 31.34 keratin 1 71.6 dendritic 109.38, 109.39 chronic 148.12 oral hyperpigmentation 110.67 mutations 65.13, 65.16, 65.17 herpetic 109.37–8, 109.39 juvenile plantar dermatosis 39.21–2 pathophysiology 139.1–3, 139.4 keratin 5 71.3, 71.10–11 interstitial 29.31 juvenile polyposis coli 80.14 penile 111.33 keratin 10 71.6 sclerosing 109.42 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 45.11, 55.4–5 podoconiosis differential diagnosis 105.47 mutations 65.13, 65.15 stromal 109.40 infantile urticaria 117.6 prevalence 31.29 keratin 14 71.3, 71.10–11 keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness Kawasaki disease differential prognosis 139.5–6 keratin 17 mutations, steatocystoma syndrome 65.30–2, 68.17, 90.31, diagnosis 102.33 radiotherapy 24.13 multiplex 134.4 110.19 rheumatoid nodule differential severity classification 139.5 keratin filaments 2.6 clinical features 65.31 diagnosis 55.2 staging 139.5 keratin genes 2.7–8 management 65.31–2 juvenile spring eruption 127.8–9 treatment 31.30 mutations 65.2, 65.13, 65.17, 69.1 pathophysiology 65.31 pinna 18.13, 108.14 variants 139.4 α-keratin intermediate filaments keratoacanthoma 142.33–6 juvenile xanthogranuloma 136.12–14 Kaposi varicelliform eruption 41.13 (α-KIF) 89.6 actinic keratosis differential association with NF1/juvenile myeloid mimicking impetigo 41.22 keratinization disorders 65.2 diagnosis 142.5 leukaemia 80.5 kaposiform miscellaneous 65.66–71 basal cell carcinoma differential clinical features 136.12–13 haemangioendothelioma 137.33 see also ichthyoses; keratoderma; diagnosis 141.10 deep 136.13 kaposiform lymphangiomatosis 105.39, palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) bony destruction 95.48 definition 136.12 105.40 keratinocyte(s) 2.1, 2.5, 2.7–8 clinical features 142.35 epidemiology 136.12 Kaposi–Stemmer sign 105.3, 105.6 accelerated cell death 8.54 definition 142.33 Erdheim–Chester disease differential karyorrhexis 3.37 actinic keratosis 142.2 diagnosis 142.33 diagnosis 136.20 Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon, activated 8.12 differential diagnosis 142.35 eyelid 109.47 kaposiform activation by IFN-γ 8.34 epidemiology 142.33 infants 117.14–15 haemangioendothelioma acute phase inflammation 8.2 eyelid 109.49 investigations 136.13 association 137.33 adhesion 2.18–19 generalized eruptive 142.35, 142.37–8 leukaemia association 148.12 Kashin–Beck disease 63.29 antimicrobial peptides multiple self-healing squamous management 136.13–14 Katayama fever 33.25 effects 2.12 epithelioma differential necrobiotic xanthogranuloma Kawasaki disease 26.84–5, 102.32–3, 117.10 production 26.5 diagnosis 142.37 differential diagnosis 99.17 cardiac involvement 150.5 cell adhesion 8.5–6 genetics 142.34–5 nomenclature 136.12 clinical features 26.84, 102.32–3, 154.4 chromosomal mosaicism 76.5 intralesional therapy 20.44 ocular 136.13, 136.14 coronary artery disease 150.5 cultured for skin grafting 10.12 investigations 142.35 pathophysiology 136.12 drug-induced serum sickness-like differentiation 2.7–8 lips 110.82 variants 136.13 reaction differential diagnosis 118.9 early-phase allergic response 8.58 management 142.35–6 epidemiology 26.84, 102.32 enzymes in inflammation 8.40–1 molluscum contagiosum differential K erythema multiforme differential epidermal barrier formation 8.4 diagnosis 25.13 Kabuki syndrome/Kabuki make-up diagnosis 47.6 function 13.1 Muir–Torre syndrome differential syndrome 111.7 infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis genetic changes 8.5 diagnosis 110.24 macrotia 108.5 differential diagnosis 117.2 growth factor roles 8.5 pathophysiology 142.33–5 Kairo cancer 125.12 infantile urticaria 117.6 ICAM-1 expression 8.12 radiography 95.48 kala-azar see leishmaniasis, visceral infective cheilitis 110.87 IL-1 communication role 8.32 radiotherapy 24.6 kallikreins 8.42 investigations 26.85, 102.33 inflammation role 8.2, 8.4–6, 8.40–1 squamous cell carcinoma Kamino bodies 3.37 management 26.85, 102.33 injury response 8.2, 8.4 association 142.27 Kang cancer 125.12 measles differential diagnosis 25.85 keloid 10.9 differential diagnosis 108.25, 142.28 125.12 oral lesions 110.56 lichen planus 37.2 subungual 95.27–8 Kanzaki disease, α-N-acetyl- pathophysiology 26.84, 102.32 lichen striatus 37.18 surgery 20.46, 142.35–6 galactosaminidase deficiency 81.5 perineum/perianal region 113.11 lipid production 8.4 variants 142.35 Kaposi sarcoma 25.37, 31.6, 31.29–30, severity classification 102.33 mechanical stretching 123.1 keratoconjunctivitis 139.1–6 toxic shock syndrome differential melanosomes 88.3 sicca acquired ichthyoses 65.40 diagnosis 26.30–1 transfer 88.4 primary biliary cirrhosis 152.5 African endemic 139.4 Kayanur Forest disease 25.72 microbiological agents 8.5 Sjögren syndrome 55.6 AIDS-associated 139.4, 139.6 keloid 96.45–9 migrating 10.4, 10.5 see also atopic keratoconjunctivitis; ano-genital psoriasis differential chemical peel contraindication 159.6 nail matrix 2.11 vernal keratoconjunctivitis diagnosis 111.9 clinical features 96.48 necrotic 109.20–1, 109.22 bacillary angiomatosis differential carbon dioxide laser incisional erythema annulare atopic eczema 41.22 diagnosis 26.62 surgery 23.17–18 centrifugum 47.9 keratocystic odontogenic tumours causative organisms 139.1, 139.2–3 definition 96.45 erythema multiforme 47.4 (KCOT) 110.25 children 31.35, 139.4 dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans pigmentation role 70.1 keratoderma 71.24 classic 139.4 differential diagnosis 137.15 proliferation 10.5 acquired 65.42, 65.64–6 clinical features 139.4–6 ear piercing complications 108.7–8 proliferative properties 2.45 connexin gene abnormalities 2.19 immunocompromised patients 146.11 epidemiology 96.46–7 revertant 7.8 Greither 65.46–7 complications/co-morbidities 139.5 genital 111.26–7 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.13 loricrin 65.2, 65.49 conjunctival 109.51 hair pulling 86.18 toxic epidermal necrolysis 12.3, 119.13 mutilating 65.58 cutaneous 31.29 healing 10.9 UV radiation 8.5 with ichthyosis 65.49 definition 139.1 hyaluronic acid synthesis 2.40 wound healing 10.3, 10.4, 10.5, 10.8–9 plantar 69.1, 69.11 diagnosis 31.30 investigations 96.48 skin grafting 10.12 punctate of genetic origin 147.17 differential diagnosis 31.29, 111.24, 139.4 linear 96.47 keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) 132.6 differential disease course 139.5–6 management 96.48–9 keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia diagnosis 25.50 disseminated 31.29, 139.6 pathophysiology 96.47–8 (KIN) 142.2, 142.4 transient aquagenic 65.54–5 environmental factors 139.3 plantar fascial fibromatosis differential keratinocyte skin cancer (KC) see non- see also palmoplantar keratodermas epidemiology 139.2 diagnosis 96.33 melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) (PPKs) eyelid 109.51 pseudofolliculitis complication 93.2 keratinocytic acanthomas 133.1–8 keratoderma blenorrhagica 30.13, 30.14 eyelid oedema 105.15 radiotherapy 24.7 clear cell acanthoma 133.5–6 reactive arthritis 154.2 facial lymphoedema 105.16 tattoo reaction 88.55 pseudoepitheliomatous keratoelastoidosis marginalis 65.53 genital 111.33 keloid-associated lymphoid tissue 10.9 hyperplasia 133.7–8 keratohyalin 2.6 granuloma annulare differential Kennedy disease, alopecia risk stucco keratosis 133.3, 133.4 keratohyalin granule diagnosis 31.17 reduction 89.16 110.19, 133.5 disorder 65.19–20

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keratolysis KIF11 gene mutations 105.29 stoma complication 114.4–5 laminin γ1 50.38 exfoliativa 39.15, 87.24–5 Kikuchi histiocytic necrotizing tattoos 123.21 laminin–nidogen complex 2.25 acral peeling skin syndrome lymphadenitis (Kikuchi–Fujimoto vitiligo 88.36, 123.2 lamivudine, drug eruptions 31.18 differential diagnosis 65.27 disease) 25.32, 148.12, 148.13 Koenen tumours 95.26, 95.27 lamotrigine 86.38 ringed 39.15 subacute cutaneous lupus tuberous sclerosis complex 80.11 lanatoprost 89.63 see also pitted keratolysis erythematosus association 51.12 kohl pencils 122.4–5 Langer–Giedion syndrome 67.20, 68.16 keratolytic winter erythema 65.66–7 systemic lupus erythematosus Kohlmeier–Degos disease 101.23–4 Langerhans cell(s) 2.1, 2.5, 2.13–15, 136.1, keratosis association 51.31 koilonychia 95.7 136.2–3 acquired seed-like of palms and differential diagnosis 51.27 infants 117.13 acute phase inflammation 8.2 soles 147.17 Kimura disease 148.13–14 kojic acid 156.9, 156.11 antigen processing/presentation 2.14, circumscripta 87.12, 87.13 (see also epithelioid haemangioma differential Kokoj spongiform pustule 3.38 8.29 pityriasis rubra pilaris) diagnosis 137.28 Koplik spots 110.75–8, 117.7 dendricity loss 9.7 frictional 110.74 kinase inhibitors, melanoma koro syndrome 111.36 functions 2.14–15, 2.43 lichenoides chronica 37.11, 37.18, 95.45 treatment 143.30–2 Korsakoff syndrome 63.14 immunological tolerance 128.10 linearis–ichthyosis congenita–sclerosing Kindler syndrome 71.2, 71.18–19 Kramer syndrome 70.9 inflammation 8.29 keratoderma 65.19–20 acquired poikiloderma 96.10 krokodil 121.3 keratinocyte interactions 8.4 loricrin keratoderma differential molecular pathology 8.5, 71.19 KRT1 gene mutations 65.43, 65.44 lymphocyte interactions 2.14 diagnosis 65.49 oral lesions 110.25 KRT6A/KRT16 gene mutations 65.44, 65.45 markers 3.23, 3.24 mosaic acral 65.53 poikiloderma differential KRT6B/KRT17 gene mutations 65.44, 65.45 migration 8.29 multiple minute digitate 87.17–18 diagnosis 71.19 KRT9 gene mutations 65.43, 65.44 motion 2.14 obturans revertant mosaicism 7.8 KRT14 gene mutations 70.13 origins 136.3 cholesteatoma differential Rothmund–Thomson syndrome KTP lasers 23.6, 160.2 phagocytosis 2.14 diagnosis 108.28 differential diagnosis 77.6 complications 23.11 psoriasis 8.29 external auditory canal 108.28 transmission electron microscopy 71.20 telangiectases 23.9 sensitization 128.7 oral 110.75 kindlin-1 71.4, 71.19 Kveim test 4.25 skin ageing 2.46 perforating disorders 65.68–9 kinesiotaping, lymphoedema 105.57 kwashiorkor 63.1–6 skin pathology association 2.14 punctate of palmar creases 65.53 kinky hair 68.23 acrodermatitis enteropathica differential structure 2.15 PUVA side effect 21.13 kissing bugs 34.27–8 diagnosis 63.26 subsets 2.15 spinulosa (see ) Kit (CD117) 2.16 hair colour changes 89.71 Langerhans cell histiocytosis 2.15, 117.15, stucco 133.3, 133.4 KIT gene mutations 46.1, 46.2, 70.3 marasmic 63.1, 63.2, 63.4 136.1, 136.2–8 Flegel disease differential KIT mutated melanoma 143.33–4 65.69, 96.49, 153.3 cells 136.3 diagnosis 87.17 Klebsiella granulomatis, perineum/perianal Flegel disease differential diagnosis 87.17 classification 117.15 universalis multiformis (see pityriasis region 113.12 clinical features 136.4–6 rubra pilaris) Klebsiella pneumoniae L definition 136.2 waxy of childhood 65.71 rhinoscleromatis 26.54–6 L1 cell adhesion molecule 8.12 differential diagnosis 136.6 see also actinic keratoses; arsenic Klein– 70.5 La antibodies 116.12 disease course 136.6 keratosis; seborrhoeic keratosis Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 labia majora 112.2 disseminated disease 136.5–6 keratosis follicularis 87.8–11, 96.14 systemic lupus erythematosus angiokeratomas 112.3 epidemiology 136.2 inverted 138.2–3 association 51.19 Fordyce spots 112.3 Erdheim–Chester disease differential Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome 103.24, melanoma 112.38 diagnosis 136.20 diagnosis 136.6 103.26, 105.27, 105.28–9 variations 112.3 genetics 136.3 association 89.51 capillary malformations 73.5–6, 103.24, labia minora 112.2–3 hidradenitis suppurativa differential spinulosa decalvans 68.15, 87.9 103.25, 103.26 Fordyce spots 112.3 diagnosis 92.7 trichodysplasia spinulosa differential clinical features 103.26 variations 112.3 infantile eosinophilic pustular folliculitis diagnosis 87.15 definition 103.24 labial mucosa 110.6 differential diagnosis 93.10 variants 87.9–10 epidemiology 103.24 labial veins, varicosities 112.4 investigations 136.6, 136.7 keratosis ichthyosis deafness syndrome, investigations 103.25 laboratory methods for skin 3.5–10 juvenile xanthogranuloma hidradenitis suppurativa lymphatic malformations 73.16, 105.35 histochemistry 3.10 association 136.12 association 92.2 management 103.25, 103.26 routine tissue processing 3.7 management 136.7–8 keratosis pilaris 87.8–11, 90.28 oral mucosa haemangiomas 110.15 specimen preparation 3.5–6, 3.7 adults 136.8 atrophicans 87.9–10, 87.10 Parkes Weber syndrome differential staining techniques 3.7–10 children 136.7 clinical features 87.9–10 diagnosis 103.25, 103.27 Lacazia loboi 32.79 mechlorethamine therapy 18.27 definition 87.8 pathophysiology 103.24–5 lactate, sweat composition 94.4 multisystem (MS) disease 136.4, 136.6, differential diagnosis 87.10 purpura 101.5 lactation 136.7, 136.8 disease course 87.10 spindle cell haemangioma antihistamine caution 19.4 low risk 136.5 epidemiology 87.8–9 association 137.32 antimalarials caution 19.7 nomenclature 136.2 erythromelanosis follicularis of the face tongue haemangiomas 110.15 azathioprine caution 19.9 pathophysiology 136.2–4 and neck 88.14 association 103.24, 103.34 biological therapy caution 19.31 penile 111.34 faciei 87.9, 87.10 venous malformations 103.24, 103.25, chemical peel contraindication 159.6 perianal 113.20 investigations 87.10 103.26 effects on drug therapeutic presentation 136.4 management 87.10–11 knees outcome 14.8 prognosis 136.6 pathophysiology 87.9 maculopapular sarcoidosis 98.7, 98.8, hydroxycarbamide caution 19.22 single system (SS) disease 136.4, 136.6 phrynoderma differential 98.15 methotrexate contraindication 19.24 skin 13.7–8, 136.4–5, 136.7, 136.8, 147.2 diagnosis 87.14 nail–patella syndrome 69.16 thalidomide contraindication 19.41 skin-only 136.5, 136.7, 136.8 prognosis 87.10 scar sarcoidosis 98.9 lactic acid treatment ladder 136.7–8 spinulosa Knemidokoptidae 34.47 acquired ichthyoses treatment 87.2 variants 136.4–6 acquired cicatricial alopecia 89.36 knuckle pads 96.34–5 chemical peel in skin of colour 159.13 vulval lesions 112.38–9 Graham-Little syndrome 89.39–40 clinical features 96.35 lactrodectism 34.32, 34.33 langerin 3.23, 8.29, 31.5, 136.3 keratotic plaques, perianal 113.4 epidemiology 96.34 Lactrodectus 34.32–3 Langer’s lines 20.15 kerion 32.39 management 96.35 lagophthalmos 28.13 lanolin 128.40 dermatophytide reaction 32.51 pachydermodactyly differential LAMB (lentigines, atrial and topical medication 18.6–7 dissecting cellulitis of scalp differential diagnosis 96.35, 96.36 mucocutaneous myxomas lanugo hair 116.4 diagnosis 107.8 pathophysiology 96.35 and multiple blue naevi) Launois–Bensaude management 32.40 Knudson ‘two-hit’ hypothesis 80.2 syndrome 101.17, 147.11 adenolipomatosis 100.13 Keshan disease 63.29 Koch phenomenon 27.3 oral mucosa 110.12 large cell anaplastic lymphoma 136.27 ketoconazole 19.44 Koebner phenomenon 4.9, 123.2–3 lamellar desquamation/exfoliation of the larva currens 33.16, 33.17 dermatophytosis treatment 32.34 dermatitis beryllium 122.8 newborn see collodion baby cutaneous larva migrans differential seborrhoeic dermatitis treatment 40.5, erythema ab igne 125.12 laminin(s) 2.23–5, 10.6 diagnosis 33.19 40.6 erythema multiforme 47.5 cell binding 2.23, 2.25 larva migrans see cutaneous larva migrans; subcorneal pustular dermatosis 49.15 lichen planus 123.2 structure 2.23, 2.24 visceral larva migrans tinea capitis treatment 32.40 male genital lichen planus 111.16 wound healing 10.6 laryngeal papilloma 25.55 ketoprofen 128.78 95.17 laminin 322 2.21, 2.24, 2.26, 2.45 lasers 23.1–20 ketotifen 127.23 psoriasis association 35.5, 123.2, 129.4 epidermolysis bullosa 71.5, 71.14 acne treatment 90.49–50 khat, oral cancer risk 110.34 psoriatic arthritis 35.44 mucous membrane pemphigoid 50.32 active medium 23.2 kidney disease see renal diseases radiotherapy sites 120.13 laminin A 72.24 alexandrite 23.6

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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basal cell carcinoma treatment 141.16–17 diabetes 64.1 mucocutaneous 33.41, 33.42, 33.43–4, simplex 132.4–6 Bowen disease treatment 142.22 Felty syndrome 55.3 33.47–8 benign lichenoid keratosis differential characteristics 23.2 hypertensive ischaemic 104.1, 104.10–13 ocular 109.12, 109.43 diagnosis 133.7 clinical applications 23.5–20 clinical features 104.12–13 oral lesions 110.54 Lenz–Majewski syndrome 72.12 complications 23.11 definition 104.10 post-kala-azar dermal 33.50, 33.51, 154.5 LEOPARD syndrome 80.8, 132.3, 150.3, delivery systems 23.2 epidemiology 104.11 recidivans 33.46 150.4 energy supply 23.2 investigations 104.13 sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 98.2, 98.8 Lepidoptera 34.30–2 flushing management 106.9 management 104.13 sporotrichosis differential leprechaunism 72.15 fractional modalities 23.19–20 pathophysiology 104.11–12 diagnosis 32.72 leprosy 28.1–17 hidradenitis suppurativa Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 visceral 33.48–51 anaesthetic foot 28.13, 28.17 management 92.11 livedoid vasculopathy 101.22 clinical features 33.50–1 borderline 28.3, 28.5, 28.12, 28.15 indiocyanine green-augmented mixed venous and arterial 104.1, 104.5, clinical variants 33.50 clinical features 28.10, 28.11 diode 23.10 104.7–8 complications/co-morbidities 33.50–1 polyarthritis 154.4 low-level therapy for prolidase deficiency 72.8, 72.9, 81.14 epidemiology 33.49 causative organism 28.6–7 lymphoedema 105.57 rheumatoid arthritis association 55.3, HIV infection 33.50–1 characteristics 28.7 low-power 23.20 154.7 investigations 33.51 chemotherapy 28.14–15 non-ablative techniques 23.19–20, 96.4 trench foot differential diagnosis 125.3 life cycle of parasite 33.49 classification 28.3–5 optical cavity 23.2 vasculitic management 33.51 clinical features 28.7–13 output coupler 23.2 mixed leg ulcer differential pathophysiology 33.49 clinical variants 28.7–11 pigmentary disorder treatment 88.34 diagnosis 104.7 leishmanoid, dermal see leishmaniasis, co-morbidities 28.12–13 pigmented lesion treatment 160.4–6 venous leg ulcer differential post-kalar-azar dermal complications 28.12–13 pulse characteristics of beam 23.2–3 diagnosis 104.3 leisure factors, diagnosis 4.4 control 28.17 pulse duration 23.4 see also venous leg ulcers LEKTI serine protease inhibitor 8.41, 8.56, definition 28.1 pulsed dye 23.6, 160.1 Legionella pneumophila 26.72 65.24, 65.25 diagnosis 28.14 Q-switching 23.3, 23.12, 88.34 legionellosis 26.72 LEMD3 gene mutations 75.18 differential diagnosis 28.11–12 rosacea treatment 91.13, 91.14 Legius syndrome 74.8, 80.8, 80.9, 148.13 lentigines 132.2, 132.3–8 epidemiology 28.1–2 skin resurfacing 160.6–10 137.55–6 Carney complex 132.5, 147.17 erythema nodosum solar lentigines 132.7 genital 137.55, 137.56 definition 132.3 leprosum 99.24–6 superpulsing 23.3 oral 110.60 differential diagnosis 132.4–5 histopathology 99.25–6 tattoo removal 88.5 pilar 137.55, 137.56 epidemiology 132.4 eye infections 109.42 tissue optics 23.3–4 vulval 112.30 familial syndromes 132.3 eye involvement 28.13 treatments 160.1–10 leiomyosarcoma 137.57 genetics 132.4 granuloma multiforme differential vascular 23.6–11 Leishmania 33.41 ink-spot 132.8–9 diagnosis 28.11, 96.27 devices 23.6 Leishmania aethiopica 33.41, 33.45, 33.46, investigations 132.5 hair loss 89.47 indications 23.7 33.46–7 LAMB syndrome 101.17 histology 28.3 vascular lesion treatment 160.1–4 Leishmania brasiliensis complex 33.41, laser treatment 160.5 historical aspects 1.7–8 wart treatment 25.52–3 33.43, 33.47 management 132.6 HIV infection 31.22 see also carbon dioxide laser; Er:YAG ocular disease 109.43 mucosal melanotic lesions 132.9–12 immunology 28.6 laser; flashlamps; KTP lasers; Leishmania donovani donovani 33.48, 33.49, NAME syndrome 101.17 indeterminate 28.5 Nd:YAG laser; pulsed dye lasers 33.51 nomenclature 132.4 infective cheilitis 110.87 (PDL); Q-switched lasers lymphocytoma cutis 135.9 pathophysiology 132.4 investigations 28.14 Lassa fever 25.70 ocular disease 109.43 Peutz–Jeghers–Touraine lepromatous 28.4, 28.6 La/SS-B antibodies 51.37, 51.39 Leishmania donovani infantum 33.41, 33.46, syndrome 70.14, 70.15 clinical features 28.8–10 Lassueur–Graham-Little syndrome 89.39– 33.48, 33.49, 33.51, 33.51 psoriatic plaque 35.9 Lucio 28.12, 28.13 40 Leishmania major 33.41, 33.43, 33.44–5 PUVA side effect 21.13 lupus vulgaris differential latanoprost, hair pigmentary Leishmania mexicana complex 33.41, 33.47 lentigines, atrial and mucocutaneous diagnosis 27.23–4 changes 89.71 Leishmania tropica 33.41, 33.45 myxomas and multiple blue naevi management 28.14–17 latent class analysis 5.4 ocular disease 109.43 (LAMB) syndrome 101.17, 147.11 first line treatment 28.14–15 latent TGF-b binding family of proteins leishmaniasis 33.33, 33.40–51 oral mucosa 110.12 second line 28.16 (LTBP) 2.36 chronic 33.46 lentiginosis 88.16–17, 132.3 treatment complications 28.16 late-onset focal dermal elastosis 96.30 cutaneous 33.40–8 agminated 132.4 nerve damage 28.12–13, 28.16 lateral pterygoid muscle 110.5 American 33.41, 33.42, 33.43–4, eruptive 88.16–17 complications 28.17 latex allergy 112.15 33.47–8 familial syndromes 132.3 nomenclature 28.1 allergic contact urticaria 128.83 anthroponotic 33.45 generalized 88.16 onchocerciasis differential regulatory measures 128.76 chronic blepharitis 109.12 inherited patterned in black diagnosis 33.5 spina bifida 85.9–10 classification 33.40–1 people 88.16, 110.12 oro-facial lesions 110.53 Laugier–Hunzike syndrome 110.12, 110.13 clinical features 33.44–8 oral mucosa 110.11–12 paralysis 28.17 Lawrence syndrome see acquired clinical variants 33.44–7 penile 132.11 pathogenesis 28.2–3 generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) definition 33.40 profusa 132.3–4 pathology 28.2–7 lax skin see skin laxity diffuse 33.46–7 PUVA 88.17 pathophysiology 28.2 lead, reactions to 122.4–5 disseminated 33.46–7 segmental 132.4 patient education 28.16–17 learning difficulties, tuberous sclerosis dry 33.45 speckled lentiginous naevi differential plantar ulceration 28.17 complex 80.11 epidemiology 33.41, 33.43 diagnosis 132.17 pregnancy 28.14, 115.5 Ledderhose disease 137.13 eyelid 109.12 unilateral 88.16 presentation 28.7 Leeds Acne Grading System 16.3 genital 111.24 zosteriform 88.16 prevention 28.17 leflunomide 35.45 geographical distribution 33.42 lentigo pure neuritic 28.11 leg(s) investigations 33.47–8 actinic 132.6–7 reactions 28.16 allergic contact dermatitis 128.17 leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11 photochemotherapy 132.7–8 rehabilitation 28.17 armchair 105.8, 105.50 management 33.44, 33.48 solar 132.6–7 relapse 28.15–16 chronically swollen 105.5–6 Old World 33.41–2, 33.43, 33.44–7, management 132.6–7 sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 98.2, lymphoedema 105.51–2 33.48 24.13, 132.5, 132.6, 143.6, 98.8 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 140.42, pathophysiology 33.41–2 144.5 serology 28.6 140.43 returned traveller 33.48 clinical features 143.12 severity classification 28.12 lower and eczema 39.18–21 rural 33.44–5 dermoscopy 144.8 tuberculoid 27.8, 28.3–4, 28.6 restless legs syndrome 85.16–17 tropical ulcer differential ink-spot lentigo differential clinical features 28.7, 28.8 telangiectasia 160.3–4 diagnosis 26.66 diagnosis 132.9 pinta differential diagnosis 26.68 trench foot 125.3–4 urban 33.45 laser treatment contraindication 23.14 type 1 reactions 28.3, 28.5, 28.6, 28.12 veins wet 33.44–5 management 18.29, 132.11, 143.24–5 type 2 reactions 28.3, 28.5, 28.6, 28.12, laser treatment 23.10, 160.3–4 zoonotic 33.44–5 mixed desmoplastic melanoma 28.13 sclerotherapy 23.10 differential association 144.12 vaccines 28.17 venulectasias 160.3–4 diagnosis 134.2 presentation 143.9–10, 143.11–12, 143.12 vulval lesions 112.24 see also digit(s); foot; toe(s) HIV infection 31.28 radiotherapy 24.13 weakness 28.17 leg ulceration Kaposi sarcoma differential seborrhoeic keratosis differential leptin 2.43, 99.5, 149.2 arterial 104.1, 104.8–10 diagnosis 31.29 diagnosis 133.3 leptomeningeal disease, congenital classification 104.1 lupoid 33.46 in situ 143.24–5 melanocytic naevi 75.14–15

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Leptospira 26.71 Libman–Sacks disease 101.17 discoid lupus erythematosus differential severe 110.45 interrogans complex 26.71 antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis 89.41 skin picking disorder differential 26.71 association 52.2 disease course 37.13 diagnosis 86.15 Lesch–Nyhan syndrome 81.16–17 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.15, dyskeratosis congenita differential soles 37.7 nail biting 95.17 51.16 diagnosis 69.15 subacute cutaneous lupus lethal midline granuloma, aphthous lice 34.16–18 environmental factors 37.3 erythematosus association 51.12 ulceration 110.40 body 34.21–2, 88.24 epidemiology 37.2, 112.9 subacute with confluence of lesions 37.9 Letterer–Siwe disease 136.5–6 clothing 34.21–2 epidermodysplasia verruciformis subtropical 37.7–8 leucomelanoderma 127.28 crab 34.17, 34.22–3 differential diagnosis 25.60 tattoo-association 123.21 leukaemia head 34.18–21 erosive 37.18 variants 37.5–11, 112.10–11 aphthous ulceration 110.40 management 18.13 vulval 112.10–11 vulval 112.9–12 erythroderma 39.32–3 pubic, perineum/perianal region 113.13 erythema multiforme differential graft-versus-host disease differential erythromelalgia 84.10 see also Pediculus spp.; Phthisis pubis diagnosis 47.5 diagnosis 112.42 hairy cell 147.24 lichen 128.53, 128.55 erythroderma 39.33 Wickham’s striae 37.13–14 skin involvement 147.2 lichen amyloidosis 58.13 follicular 37.6–7, 37.12, 89.37–40 lichen ruber acuminatus see pityriasis transplacental transfer of maternal lichen planus 37.13 genetics 37.2–3 rubra pilaris disease 116.14 lichenification differential genital lesions (see lichen planus, lichen ruber moniliformis 37.11 see also named leukaemias and leukaemia diagnosis 39.30 ano-genital) lichen sclerosus conditions pretibial myxoedema differential gold reactions 122.4 anetoderma differential diagnosis 96.22 leukaemia cutis 140.48–9, 147.2, 148.2–4 diagnosis 105.49 guttate 37.9 ano-genital 111.13–16 clinical features 148.3 101.8, 101.9, 101.10 hand eczema differential clinical features 111.13–14 definition 148.2 lichen myxoedematosus 59.2–8 diagnosis 39.16 complications 111.15 epidemiology 148.2, 148.3 classification 59.2, 59.3 hypertrophic 37.7, 37.14 epidemiology 111.13 management 148.4 definition 59.2 pretibial myxoedema differential management 111.14–15 pathology 148.4 discrete papular 59.6–7 diagnosis 59.12 pathophysiology 111.13 pathophysiology 148.3 generalized 59.2–6 vulval 112.10 prepuce 111.7 prognosis 148.4 localized 59.6–8 immunopathology 37.2 vulval 112.6–9 leukocyte(s) nodular 59.7 immunostaining 110.46 Borrelia burgdorferi 26.70 adherence 8.35 proteoglycans 2.40 investigations 37.13–15, 112.12 clinical features 112.6–9 migration and endothelial adhesion lichen nitidus 37.10, 37.11, 37.18 Koebner phenomenon 123.2 ano-genital 111.13–14 molecules 8.9 keratosis pilaris differential lichen sclerosus differential definition 112.6 platelet activating factor role 8.47 diagnosis 87.10 diagnosis 111.14, 112.7–8, 112.11 differential diagnosis 112.7–8 trafficking and integrins 8.10–11 nails 95.45 lichen sclerosus overlap epidemiology 112.6 leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) 8.10, penile 111.16 syndrome 110.45 ano-genital 111.13 8.18 phrynoderma differential lichen striatus differential hormonal factors 5.9 primary immunodeficiency 82.2 diagnosis 87.14 diagnosis 37.20 investigations 112.9 leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 trichodysplasia spinulosa differential lichenification differential lichen planus (LFA-1) 8.7, 8.10–11 diagnosis 87.15 diagnosis 39.30 association 37.13 leukocytoclastic vasculitis 102.5, 102.6 lichen pilaris 87.8–11 lichenoid drug eruptions 118.9, 118.10–11 differential diagnosis 112.7–8, 112.11 inflammatory bowel disease lichen planopilaris 37.4, 37.6–7, 89.37–9 linear 37.4 malignant atrophic papulosis differential association 152.3 acquired cicatricial alopecia 89.35–6, liver disease 152.9 diagnosis 101.24 papulonecrotic tuberculid differential 89.36 longitudinal erythronychia 95.15 management 112.9 diagnosis 27.29 clinical features 89.38–9 lower leg eczema differential ano-genital 111.14–15 Rickettsia conori association 26.78 complications 37.11–12 diagnosis 39.20 morphoea overlap 57.5–6 leukoderma 88.8 dermatitis herpetiformis malignancy association 147.23 nails 95.45 acquisitum centrifugum 88.40 association 37.12 management 37.15–18, 111.16, 112.12 oral 110.45 disseminate lenticular 88.46 management 37.17, 89.39 mild 110.45 pathophysiology 112.6 halo naevi-associated 88.37 pathophysiology 89.37–8 mixed discoid lupus erythematosus ano-genital 111.13 occupational 130.12–13 scarring 89.38 pattern 37.9, 37.18 penile cancer association 111.30, 111.31 causative chemicals 130.12 vulval 112.10 moderate 110.45 perineum/perianal region 113.7, 113.8 punctate 88.47 lichen planus 37.1–18 mucous membrane lesions 37.4–5, persistent disease 111.15 leukoedema 110.19, 116.4 acquired cicatricial alopecia 89.36 37.5–6, 37.12–13, 37.14 prepuce 111.7 95.13–14 actinic 37.7–8, 37.18 nail involvement 37.12, 37.17, 95.44–6 stoma complication 114.5, 114.6, 114.7 apparent 95.14 actinic keratosis differential genital lichen planus 112.12 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.6 punctate 95.14 diagnosis 142.4 management 95.45–6 verrucous carcinoma association 112.35, selenium toxicity 122.6 acute with confluence of lesions 37.9 shedding 95.8 112.37 subtotal 95.13–14 allergic contact dermatitis 128.60 variants 95.45 vitiligo differential diagnosis 112.20 total 95.13 differential diagnosis 128.62 non-reticular 110.45 vulval 112.6–9 transverse 95.14 annular 37.8–9 oral 37.5–6, 37.13, 37.14, 110.43–5 27.25–8, 151.4 leukopenia, aphthous ulceration 110.39 ano-genital 37.6, 37.17 aetiology 110.43 clinical features 27.26–7 leukoplakia 110.9 genital wart differential clinical features 110.43–4 clinical variants 27.26, 27.27 clinical features 110.76–7 diagnosis 111.25 diagnosis 110.44 differential diagnosis 27.27 definition 110.75 male 111.16 genital lichen planus 112.12 epidemiology 27.26 dyskeratosis congenita 69.14, 77.3, 77.4 nail involvement 112.12 management 37.16–17, 110.44–5 investigations 27.28 epidemiology 110.75 oral involvement 112.12 mucous membrane pemphigoid lichen nitidus differential heterotopic sebaceous glands differential vulval 112.9–12, 112.42 differential diagnosis 50.29 diagnosis 37.10 diagnosis 93.12 ano-genital psoriasis differential pathology 110.43 management 27.28 investigations 110.77 diagnosis 111.9 prognosis 110.44 pathophysiology 27.26 male genital 111.7 associated conditions 37.13 soreness 110.63 lichen simplex 39.28–30 malignant potential 110.77 atrophic 37.14 palms 37.7 ano-genital 111.10, 111.11 management 110.77–8 bullous 37.9–10, 37.14, 37.18 papular 112.10 chronic otitis externa 108.18 oral submucous fibrosis pemphigoides 50.10 pathophysiology 37.2–3, 112.9–10 clinical features 39.29–30 predisposition 110.57 causative organisms 37.2 pemphigoides 37.9–10, 37.18, 50.49 definition 39.28 pathophysiology 110.76 classic 112.10 oral lesions 110.45 epidemiology 39.28 proliferative verrucous 110.38, 110.77 clinical features 37.3–5, 112.10–12 penile cancer risk 111.30 nape of neck 39.29 syphilis 110.53 complications 37.11–13, 111.16 perineum/perianal region 113.7, 113.8 pathophysiology 39.28–9 see also hairy leukoplakia conjunctival, mucous membrane pigmentosus 37.8 perineum/perianal region 113.7 leukotrienes 8.49 pemphigoid differential ashy dermatosis differential pretibial myxoedema differential levator ani muscle 113.3 diagnosis 50.29 diagnosis 88.33 diagnosis 59.12 levator ani syndrome 113.32 corticosteroid therapy 37.15, 37.16, pinta differential diagnosis 26.68 psoriasis differential diagnosis 35.18, levodopa, restless legs syndrome 37.17, 37.18 pityriasis lichenoides differential 35.19 management 85.17 dermatophyte-induced onychomycosis diagnosis 135.5 tinea corporis differential levofloxacin, phototoxicity 127.28 differential diagnosis 32.49 plantar wart differential diagnosis 25.50 diagnosis 32.37 Lewar disease 110.61–2 dermoscopy 37.13–14 prognosis 37.13 variants 39.29 L’Hôpital St Louis (Paris) 1.4–5 differential diagnosis 111.16, 112.11 psoriasis differential diagnosis 95.41 vulval 112.15–16

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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lichen simplex chronicus 83.20, 86.13, linear IgA disease 50.18, 50.33–7, 50.38 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.16, 119.17 lipofibromatosis 137.14 86.14 anti-p200 pemphigoid differential van der Woude syndrome 110.26 lipogenesis 99.4 lupus vulgaris differential diagnosis 50.39 vermilion zone 110.3 lipogranuloma, penile 111.8, 111.35 diagnosis 27.24 autoantibody specificity 50.10 wedge excision 20.33 lipohypertrophy 31.20 musical instruments 123.11 bullous pemphigoid differential xeroderma pigmentosum 110.26 lipoedema differential diagnosis 100.20 scalp 107.4 diagnosis 50.21 see also lipsticks/lipsalves; venous lakes; swollen arm differential seborrhoeic dermatitis differential bullous systemic lupus erythematosus vermilion border diagnosis 105.13 diagnosis 107.1, 107.2 differential diagnosis 50.48 lipid(s) α-lipoic acid (ALA) 156.1–2, 156.10 lichen spinulosus 87.11–12 childhood 50.33, 50.35, 82.14, 82.15 (see atopic eczema 41.6 lipoid proteinosis 72.32–3 keratosis circumscripta differential also immunobullous disease) epidermal 129.3 diabetes associations 64.4 diagnosis 87.12 clinical features 50.35–7 synthesis and skin ageing 2.47 hyaline fibromatosis syndrome phrynoderma differential clinical signs 50.10 topical drug delivery 18.5–7 differential diagnosis 72.18 diagnosis 87.14 definition 50.33 lipid metabolism 62.1 lipolymphoedema 100.21–2, 105.32 lichen striatus 37.18–20 dermatitis herpetiformis differential epidermal barrier 8.4 lipolysis 99.4 clinical features 37.19–20 diagnosis 50.53 see also dyslipidaemias laser-assisted 23.20 definition 37.18 diagnosis 50.37 lipid redistribution syndrome 31.10 137.58–9 differential diagnosis 37.20 differential diagnosis 50.36 lipid storage diseases, neutral lipid storage atypical 137.60–1 disease course 37.20 disease course 50.37 disease with ichthyosis 65.32–3 congenital 75.18 environmental factors 37.19 epidemiology 50.33–4 lipoatrophy 31.20 epidermoid cyst differential epidemiology 37.18 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita localized 100.8–12 diagnosis 134.2 genetics 37.19 differential diagnosis 50.43, 50.45 corticosteroid-induced 100.10–11 mitochondrial disorders 81.9–10 hypopigmentation 88.44 genetics 50.35 injected drugs 100.9–11 oral 110.60 management 37.20 genital 111.19 insulin-induced 100.9–10 pleomorphic 137.60 nails 95.45 immunostaining 110.46 semicircular 100.8–9, 123.14 spindle cell 137.60 nomenclature 37.18 investigations 50.37 lipoblastoma 137.59–60 surgery 20.46 pathophysiology 37.18–19 malignancy association 147.22 lipoblastomatosis 137.59–60 vulval 112.30 prognosis 37.20 management 50.37, 50.38 lipodermatosclerosis 99.28–9, 99.30, 99.31, lipomatoses, hereditary 74.6, 74.8, 74.9 variants 37.19–20 mucous membrane pemphigoid 109.27 105.6, 105.9–10 multiple lichen verrucosus et reticularis 37.11 diagnostic overlap 50.36 acute 105.9, 105.10 familial 74.8, 74.9 lichenification 39.28–30 differential diagnosis 50.24 chronic 105.9, 105.10 symmetrical 74.8 Down syndrome 76.2 nomenclature 50.33 chronic venous insufficiency 103.38, lipomatoses, subcutaneous 100.13–19 pebbly 39.29 oral ulceration 110.42 103.39 benign symmetrical 100.13–15 secondary 39.30 pathophysiology 50.34–5 clinical features 105.9–10 infiltrating of face 100.17–18 lichenified onchodermatitis (LOD) 33.2, pemphigus vulgaris differential definition 105.9 see also Dercum disease; 33.3, 33.4 diagnosis 50.7 epidemiology 105.9 encephalocraniocutaneous lichenoid dermatitis 37.14–15 predisposing factors 50.34–5 investigations 105.10 lipomatosis gold-induced 122.3 prognosis 50.37 lower leg eczema complication 39.20 lipomeningomyelocele 74.8 lichenoid drug eruptions 118.9–11 severity classification 50.37 management 105.10 lipoprotein glomerulopathy, causes 118.9–10 vancomycin-induced, erythema nomenclature 105.9 hyperlipoproteinaemia type III 62.8 clinical features 118.10–11 multiforme differential pathophysiology 105.9 lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency 62.8, investigations 118.11 diagnosis 47.6 recurrent cellulitis differential 62.9 lichen planus differential variants 50.36 diagnosis 105.12 liposarcoma 137.61 diagnosis 112.11 vulval, clinical features 112.19 lipodystrophy liposclerosis, nodular 100.23 management 118.11 linear IgA/IgG bullous dermatosis 50.36 antiretroviral therapy effect 31.10, liposomes 18.3, 18.8 pathophysiology 118.10 linear morphoea 117.12–13 31.19–20 liposuction 99.3, 160.11 lichenoid keratoses, benign 37.15, 133.6–7 linear naevus syndrome 110.19 centrifugal 100.11–12 lipoedema management 105.33 lichenoid reactions 3.37 linear sebaceous naevus syndrome 73.17 congenital 74.1–3 lymphoedema management 105.58–9 allergic contact dermatitis 128.60 lines of Blaschko see Blaschko’s lines acquired 100.3 lipoxins 8.49 lichenoid sarcoidosis 98.13 linezolid 19.43 generalized 74.1, 74.2 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) 8.49 lidocaine 20.11 lingual thyroid 110.11 familial partial 74.1–3 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors 8.49 dosage 20.11–12 lingual tonsil 110.7, 110.10–11 gynoid 100.23 lipoxygenase 12B 65.10, 65.11 with epinephrine 20.11–12 lingual veins 110.6 insulin-induced 64.4 lipoxygenase E3 65.10, 65.11 life course impairment 16.7–8 linkage disequilibrium 7.8 localized secondary to Lipschütz ulcers 25.32, 25.36, 112.18–19 lifestyle behaviours, psoriasis 11.6 lip fillers, foreign-body cheilitis 110.85 panniculitis 100.11 lipsticks/lipsalves Li–Fraumeni syndrome, radiotherapy- lip-lick cheilitis 41.24, 41.29 mandibulo-acral dysplasia with type A cheilitis 110.82, 110.83, 128.32 induced 24.19 lip(s)/lip disorders 110.3, 110.7–9 and type B 79.2, 79.5 dermatitis 128.15 ligase 4 syndrome 82.11 acquired lesions 110.78–88 treatment 31.20 liquefactive fat necrosis 99.8 light 23.1 allergic contact dermatitis 128.15–16 see also acquired generalized liquid nitrogen cryotherapy 20.43 light therapy, melasma treatment 88.34 blisters 110.80–1 lipodystrophy (AGL); acquired liquiritin 18.29 light-cured gels 95.62–3 calibre-persistent artery 110.88 lipodystrophy; acquired partial Lisch nodules 80.3 lightening agents 156.3 cancer 110.34–5, 110.81–2 lipodystrophy (APL) NF1 80.1, 80.2, 80.4 light–tissue interaction 23.4, 23.6 chapping 110.82 lipoedema 100.19–23, 105.30–3 Listeria monocytogenes 26.45–6, 116.25–6 hair reduction 23.15 Crohn disease 97.12 clinical features 100.20, 105.31–2 26.45–6 photothermal ablation 23.16–17 dimples 110.25 complications/co-morbidities 105.32 neonatal 116.25–6 skin pigmentation 23.11–12 double lip 110.24 definition 105.30 Listrophoridae 34.47 likelihood ratio 17.15–16 examination 110.6 Dercum disease differential lithium Liliaceae 128.53 factitious cheilitis 86.25, 110.84 diagnosis 100.17 acne association 90.11 limb(s) fissures 110.88 diagnostic criteria 105.31 hidradenitis suppurativa induction 92.3 constricting bands of the extremities haemangiomas 110.15 differential diagnosis 100.20, 100.21, lithium gluconate, seborrhoeic dermatitis 96.43–5 hereditary haemorrhagic 105.31–2 treatment 40.5 surgery 20.5 telangiectasia 110.14–15 epidemiology 105.31 livedo see also arm, swollen; leg entries; lower inflammation 110.82–8 familial 74.10 annularis 125.6 limb lobular capillary haemangioma 110.72 inheritance 105.31 sarcoidosis association 98.13 limb ischaemia, acute 103.4 lupus erythematosus 110.88 investigations 105.32–3 livedo racemosa 125.6, 125.7 limb–mammary syndrome 67.9 melanotic macules 110.13 lipo-lymphoedema 100.21–2 Sneddon syndrome 101.21 lincosamides 19.43 muscle 110.3 lower limbs 100.19–21 livedo reticularis 125.6–8 lindane 18.13 myxoid cyst 110.60–1 management 105.33 acquired idiopathic 125.7–8 linea alba, neonates 116.4 oedema 105.15, 105.16 pathophysiology 105.31 cholesterol emboli 101.16 linear atrophoderma 96.15 Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 110.13 phenotype 105.31 classification 125.7 of Moulin 57.19–20, 75.19 pits 110.25, 110.26 progression 105.32 clinical features 125.6–7 linear bands, raised of infancy 116.17–18 radiotherapy for skin cancer 24.11–12 prevention 105.33 congenital 125.7 linear focal elastosis 96.29–30 sinuses 110.25 scalp 100.22–3 definition 125.6 linear furrows 96.2 squamous cell carcinoma 110.32–8 severity classification 105.32 erythrocyanosis differential linear IgA bullous dermatitis antigen Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.16, stages 105.32 diagnosis 125.6 (LABD) 97 50.34 119.17 lipoedematous alopecia 107.9 investigations 125.8

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livedo reticularis (continued) type III 62.8 lupus panniculitis 51.21, 99.35–8 lymphangiectatic oedema, Turner management 125.8 type IV 62.10 clinical features 99.36–7 syndrome 76.3 pancreatitis 152.6 lower limb definition 99.35 lymphangioendothelioma, benign 105.39 pathophysiology 125.6 lipoedema 100.19–21 differential diagnosis 99.36–7 lymphangiography 105.53, 105.54 physiological 125.7 surgery 20.5 dystrophic calcinosis association 51.25–6 lymphangioleiomyomatosis 105.39–40, polyarteritis nodosa differential venous malformation 73.10 hemifacial 96.18 105.40 diagnosis 102.30 low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma 137.18–19 investigations 99.37–8 lymphangioma 105.39 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.52 low-level laser therapy, sclerosing postirradiation panniculitis acquired progressive 137.39–40 rheumatic fever 55.8 lymphoedema 105.57 differential diagnosis 99.60 circumscriptum 105.34–7 rheumatoid arthritis 55.4 loxoscelism 34.32, 34.33–4 subacute cutaneous lupus presentation 105.36 Sneddon syndrome 101.21 L-selectin 8.8–9, 8.9 erythematosus association 51.12 head and neck 105.15 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.24 neutrophils location 8.18 subcutaneous panniculitis-like Kaposi sarcoma differential variants 125.7–8 lubricating oils, occupational skin T-cell lymphoma differential diagnosis 31.29 livedoid vasculopathy 101.22–3 cancers 130.14 diagnosis 140.32 neonatal alveolar ridge 110.10 liver disease 152.4–5 Lucio reaction 28.12, 28.13, 99.25–6 lupus pernio oral lesions 110.10 cirrhosis 152.5 Lujo virus haemorrhagic fever 25.70–1 phymatous rosacea differential lymphangiomatosis 105.34, 105.39–40 DRESS syndrome 119.8 lumpy scalp syndrome 107.9 diagnosis 91.11 chronically swollen leg 105.5 drug reactions 152.9 lungs, systemic lupus sarcoidosis 98.8–9, 98.11, 98.17 diffuse 137.41 erythropoietic protoporphyria 60.16 erythematosus 51.28–9 lupus vulgaris 27.7, 27.8, 27.21–5 kaposiform 105.39, 105.40 hair changes 152.9 lupoid sycosis 26.26–7 atrophic scars 96.11 lymphangiosarcoma 105.53, 137.36 nail changes 152.9 lupus anticoagulant clinical features 27.21–4 lymphangiothrombosis 105.50 neonatal lupus erythematosus 51.38 antiphospholipid syndrome 52.2 clinical variants 27.23 105.51 oral manifestations 110.89 Sneddon syndrome 101.21 co-morbidities 27.24 lymphatic(s) oro-facial–digital syndrome type 1 153.2 lupus anticoagulant syndrome 101.19–20 complications 27.24 chronically swollen leg 105.5–6 porphyria cutanea tarda 60.13, 152.7, lupus band test 3.17, 51.16 definition 27.21 dysfunction 105.1–3, 105.4, 105.5–53 152.9 lupus erythematosus 51.1–39 differential diagnosis 27.23–4 facial 20.3 pruritus association 152.8 allergic contact dermatitis differential discoid lupus erythematosus differential histopathological investigations psoriasis association 35.21 diagnosis 128.61 diagnosis 51.9 105.55 retinoid-induced 19.39 atrophic scars 96.11 disease course 27.25 imaging 105.53–5 sarcoidosis 98.5 bullous epidemiology 27.21 immune trafficking 105.11 skin pigment changes 152.8 hydroa vacciniforme differential investigations 27.25 inflammation 105.51 systemic diseases 152.7 diagnosis 127.24 management 27.25 limb surgery 20.5 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 juvenile spring eruption differential mucosal involvement 27.23 lymph fistula 105.42 vascular changes 152.8–9 diagnosis 127.9 mutilating form 27.22, 27.23 lymphocele 105.42 liver X receptors (LXRs) 8.4 chemical-induced photosensitivity nodular form 27.23 obstruction 105.52 liverworts 128.53, 128.55 differential diagnosis 127.29 papular form 27.23 malignancy association 147.26 LL-37 8.14 chilblain 51.7, 51.22, 125.4 pathophysiology 27.21 oedema 105.1–3, 105.4, 105.5 LMNA gene mutations 72.20, 72.24, 72.25 classification 51.1–2 patterns 27.22–3 causes 105.2 Loa loa infection 33.10–11 cutaneous plaque form 27.22 clinical features 105.3 onchocerciasis differential acute 51.21 primary inoculation definition 105.1–2 diagnosis 33.5 chilblain 51.7, 125.4 tuberculosis 27.13 epidemiology 105.2 lobomycosis 32.79 chronic 51.21, 89.40–1 prognosis 27.25 erysipelas 105.10–12 local anaesthesia pinna 108.13, 108.14 sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 98.2, investigations 105.3, 105.4, 105.5 biopsy 3.2–3 cutaneous lupus mucinosis 59.13–14 98.8 management 105.5 conjunctival 20.12 drug-induced 118.9–10, 118.11 tumour-like form 27.23 mixed lymphovenous discomfort minimization 20.12 drug-induced photosensitivity ulcerating form 27.22, 27.23 disease 105.6–9 epinephrine-containing 20.11–12, 20.121 differential diagnosis 127.29 vegetating form 27.23 nomenclature 105.1–2 ester-type 20.11 erythema multiforme differential lycopene, antioxidant use 156.8, 156.11 pathophysiology 105.2–3 methods 20.12 diagnosis 47.6 Lycosidae 34.34 phleboedema 105.6–9 surgery 20.11–12 with erythema multiforme-like Lyell syndrome see toxic epidermal recurrent cellulitis 105.10–12 toxic reactions 20.11–12 lesions 47.6 necrolysis (TEN) podoconiosis 105.45–7 types 20.11 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea Lyme disease 26.69–71, 34.38 lymphatic filariasis differential localized intravascular coagulopathy differential diagnosis 91.9 acrodermatitis chronica diagnosis 105.44 (LIC), venous malformation 73.11 gyratum repens 147.21 atrophicans 96.13–14, 140.38 seroma 105.42 locusts 34.30 hyperpigmentation 88.21 clinical features 26.69–70 skin 2.43 Loeffler syndrome 33.15 immunofluorescence studies 3.17 cutaneous B-cell lymphoma swollen arm 105.12–14 Loeys–Dietz syndrome Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate association 140.38 swollen breast 105.23–4 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome differential differential diagnosis 135.9 definition 26.69 swollen face, head and neck 105.14–17 diagnosis 72.7 lichenoid drug eruptions 118.9 dissemination 26.70, 26.71 swollen genitalia 105.17–19 Marfan syndrome differential macrophage inhibitory factor role 8.22 epidemiology 26.69 swollen mons pubis 105.17–19 diagnosis 72.17 malignancy association 147.20–1 investigations 26.70 trauma 105.49–50 Löfgren syndrome 98.6, 98.15 MMP expression 8.43 management 26.71 tumour spread 147.4 synovitis 154.8 pemphigus foliaceus differential ocular manifestations 109.42 see also lipoedema; lymphoedema; loiasis see Loa loa infection diagnosis 50.7 pathophysiology 26.69 pretibial myxoedema; yellow-nail lonafarnib 72.22 photosensitivity disease differential tick vector 34.35 syndrome lonomism 34.31, 34.32 diagnosis 127.35 urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 lymphatic anomalies 73.15–21 loose anagen syndrome 68.23, 89.11, polymorphic light eruption variants 26.70 generalized 105.39 89.58–9 association 127.2 lymph fistula 105.42 hereditary lymphoedema type infants 117.14 differential diagnosis 127.4 lymph nodes 1A 73.17–18 uncombable hair 89.57 profundus 51.7–9, 99.35 fine-needle aspiration 4.22 hypotrichosis–lymphoedema– lopinavir, drug eruptions 31.18 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.52 head and neck 110.4–5 telangiectasia syndrome 73.19 Lopitamide, familial skin picking disorder differential histological classification 140.7–8 see also lymphatic malformations hypercholesterolaemia diagnosis 86.15 transfer surgery 105.58 lymphatic filariasis 33.7–9, 105.42–5 management 62.7 subcutaneous 99.35 see also sentinel lymph node biopsy causative organisms 33.7 loricrin 8.4 tumidus 59.9 lymphadenitis, HIV infection 31.20 clinical features 33.8–9, 105.44 loricrin keratoderma 65.2, 65.49 see also discoid lupus erythematosus complications/co-morbidities 33.8–9 collodion baby 116.19 (DLE); neonatal lupus idiopathic 148.12–14 definition 33.7, 105.42 lotions 18.2 erythematosus; subacute cutaneous sarcoidosis 98.5 epidemiology 33.7, 105.43 Louis-Bar syndrome see ataxia lupus erythematosus (SCLE); lymphadenosis benigna cutis 26.70 investigations 33.9, 105.45 telangiectasia systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) see also lymphocytoma cutis lymphangitis 105.51 Lovibond’s angle 95.6 lupus hair 51.23 lymphangiectasia 105.40–2, 105.52 management 33.9, 105.45 low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei 27.31, clinical features 105.41–2 morbidity control 33.9 diabetes 62.11 27.32, 90.28 intestinal 105.41–2 nomenclature 33.7 familial hypercholesterolaemia 62.6 lupus mucinosis, cutaneous 59.13–14 management 105.42 onchocerciasis differential hyperlipoproteinaemia lupus nephritis 51.17 pathophysiology 105.41 diagnosis 33.5

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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pathophysiology 33.7–8, 105.44 management 105.19 lymphoedema–distichiasis syndrome lymphoma; cutaneous CD30+ podoconiosis differential pathophysiology 105.18 73.18–19, 105.25, 105.27, 105.29–30, lymphoproliferative disorders; diagnosis 105.44, 105.47 head and neck 105.14–15 150.3 cutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphatic malformations 73.15–17, Hennekam lymphangiectasia– lymphoedema–intestinal lymphoma; cutaneous T-cell 105.34–7 lymphoedema syndrome 73.19 lymphangiectasia–intellectual lymphoma (CTCL); diffuse large chronically swollen leg 105.5 hypotrichosis–lymphoedema– disability syndrome 73.19 B-cell lymphoma; Hodgkin clinical features 105.35–7 telangiectasia syndrome 73.19 lymphoedema–lymphangiectasia–mental disease; non-Hodgkin lymphoma; complications 105.37 immobility associated 105.50–1 retardation syndrome 73.19 primary cutaneous marginal zone definition 105.34 intravenous drug use 105.50 lymphoedematous mucinosis 59.12, 105.49 lymphoma; primary cutaneous differential diagnosis 105.37 investigations 105.3, 105.4, 105.5, 105.14 lymphoepithelial Kazal-type related peripheral T-cell lymphoma; epidemiology 105.35 Kaposi–Stemmer sign 105.3, 105.6 inhibitor (LEKTI) 65.24, 65.25 subcutaneous panniculitis-like head and neck 105.15 late-onset four-limb 105.27, 105.30 lymphoepithelioma-like T-cell lymphoma investigations 105.37 leprotic, podoconiosis differential carcinoma 138.43–4 lymphomatoid eruptions, allergic contact macrocystic 73.15, 73.16, 105.35 diagnosis 105.47 lymphogranuloma venereum 30.15–20 dermatitis 128.60 management 105.37 lipoedema differential diagnosis 100.20, clinical features 30.17–19 lymphomatoid granulomatosis 140.44–5 microcystic 73.15–16, 73.17, 105.35 100.21, 105.31 complications/co-morbidities 30.19 aphthous ulceration 110.40 pathophysiology 105.35 localized myxoedema 59.12, 59.13 definition 30.15–16 clinical features 140.44–5 swollen face, head and neck 105.15 lymphatic filariasis 105.44, 105.45 differential diagnosis 30.19 definition 140.44 vascular component 105.36 differential diagnosis 105.44 epidemiology 30.16, 30.17 management 140.45 venous lesion association 73.16 lymphatic malformations 105.35, 105.36 genital wart differential diagnosis 25.57 pathophysiology 140.44 lymphatic microangiopathy 56.10 malignancy association 105.53 hidradenitis suppurativa differential respiratory disorder association 151.6 lymphatic tumours 137.39–41 management 105.5, 105.14, 105.55–9 diagnosis 92.7, 113.21 lymphomatoid papulosis 140.28–9 non-malignant 105.39–40 compression 105.56 investigations 30.19 acquired ichthyoses 65.40 lymphatico-lymphatic anastomosis intensive therapy 105.57 management 30.20 adalimumab-induced 154.15 surgery 105.58 maintenance treatment 105.57 nomenclature 30.15–16 clinical features 140.29 lymphatico-venous anastomosis massage 105.56–7 pathophysiology 30.16–17 definition 140.28 surgery 105.58 physical therapies 105.55–8 perineum/perianal region 113.12 disease course 140.29 lymphoadenoma, cutaneous 138.12–13 skin care 105.56 stages 30.17–18 management 140.29 lymphocele 105.42 surgical 105.58–9 treatment ladder 30.20 treatment algorithm 140.28 lymphocytes massive localized 105.24–5 vulval sarcoidosis differential pathophysiology 140.28 high-power microscopy 3.31 mechanical properties of skin 123.5 diagnosis 98.14 pityriasis lichenoides differential Langerhans cells interactions 2.14 medical assessment 105.55 lymphography 105.53, 105.54 diagnosis 135.5 wound healing 10.2 melanoma-related 105.22 lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 prognosis 140.29 see also B cell(s); T cells Milroy-like 105.27, 105.29 (LEF1) 2.4 subgroups 140.29 lymphocytic vasculitis 25.36 multisegmental lymphatic dysplasia lymphoid markers 3.23–5 lymphomatous skin infiltrates 148.4 lymphocytoma cutis 135.8–10 with systemic involvement 105.26, lymphoid reactions, ear piercing lymphoproliferative disease definition 135.8 105.27, 105.28 complications 108.7 B-cell and Schnitzler syndrome Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate Noonan syndrome 73.21 lymphoma association 45.10 differential diagnosis 135.9 obesity association 100.25 angiotrophic 140.43–4 cryoglobulinaemia-associated 101.13 phymatous rosacea differential obesity-related 105.19–20 aphthous ulceration 110.40 Epstein–Barr virus-associated 25.34, diagnosis 91.11 penile 111.20 atopic eczema association 41.23 140.47 see also pseudolymphoma podoconiosis 105.45–7 chronic superficial scaly dermatitis linear IgA disease association 50.34 lymphocytoma, solitary 26.70 postmastectomy 105.12–14 distinction 39.26 malignancies 148.1 lymphoedema 105.1–3, 105.4, 105.5 praecox 73.18 clinical features 146.12 post-transplant 140.47–8 abdominal wall 105.20–1 pretibial myxoedema differential Crosti 140.40–1 lymphorrhoea 105.52 amniotic band constriction 105.37–9 diagnosis 105.49 cutaneous 140.1–2 lymphoscintigraphy 105.3, 105.4, 105.6, clinical features 105.38 primary 73.18, 105.25–6, 105.27, bacillary angiomatosis differential 105.53, 105.54 epidemiology 105.38 105.28–30 diagnosis 26.62 phlebolymphoedema investigation 105.9 investigations 105.39 classification 105.26, 105.27 classification 140.1, 140.2 Lynch syndrome see hereditary non- management 105.39 clinical features 105.26, 105.28–30 peripheral T-cell 140.32–8 polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) pathophysiology 105.38 congenital-onset 105.26, 105.27, 105.29 phymatous rosacea differential Lyonization 7.7–8 ano-genital 111.35 definition 105.25 diagnosis 91.11 lysine-threonine-threonine-lysine-serine breast 105.23–4 differential diagnosis 105.30 pseudolymphoma differential (KTTKS) 156.4 breast reconstruction 105.49 epidemiology 105.26 diagnosis 135.2 lysosomal degradation by cancer treatment-associated 105.16 genetic factors 105.25 radiotherapy 24.14 macrophages 8.23 cellulitis association 105.11–12 late-onset 105.26, 105.27, 105.29–30 DRESS differential diagnosis 119.10 lysosomal mediators 8.43–4 choanal atresia 73.20 with myelodysplasia 73.20 Epstein–Barr virus-associated 25.34 lysosomal storage disorders 81.1–9 chronic venous insufficiency 103.38, nomenclature 105.25 erythroderma 39.31, 39.32–3 angiokeratoma corporis diffusum 81.8 105.7 severity classification 105.30 external ear 108.24 angiokeratomas 81.8 chronically swollen leg 105.5–6 variants 105.26 extranodal NK/T-cell 140.36–7 Farber disease 81.7 complications 105.51–3 prolidase deficiency 81.14 follicle centre cell 140.37, 140.40–1 galactosidosis 81.6 congenital multisegmental 105.27, psychosocial issues 105.52–3 follicular mucinosis association 107.7 glycoprotein degradation 105.29 rosaceous 105.16 genital 111.34 disorders 81.4–5 cutaneous/vascular anomalies 105.26, saphenous vein graft harvesting 105.49 granulomatous slack skin 96.19 GM1 gangliosidosis 81.6 105.27, 105.28–9 sarcoma-related 105.22 HIV infection 31.31–2 mucolipidoses 81.5–6 disturbed growth 105.26, 105.27, secondary 100.21–2 hyperhidrosis 94.5 mucopolysaccharidoses 81.1–4 105.28–9 self-inflicted 105.50 immunocompromised patients 146.12 Niemann–Pick disease 81.6, 81.9 erythema ab igne 125.12 spindle cell haemangioma leukaemia cutis 140.48–9, 148.3 sphingolipidoses 81.6–9 facial 105.14–17 association 137.32 lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma see also Gaucher disease phymatous rosacea differential squamous cell carcinoma differential diagnosis 138.44 lysosomes 8.43–4 diagnosis 91.11 association 142.27 marginal zone 140.37, 140.38–40 epidermal cell phagocytic function 8.44 solid 90.35–6, 91.11, 91.16 syndromic 105.26, 105.27 lymphocytoma cutis differential lysyl oxidase-like (LOXL) genes 2.32 factitious 105.50 systemic/visceral involvement 105.26, diagnosis 135.9 lysyl oxidases 2.36, 2.37 fat deposition 105.19 105.27, 105.28 natural killer cell 116.14 generalized lymphatic dysplasia 105.27, trauma-induced 105.49–50 natural killer/T-cell 25.33 M 105.28 Turner syndrome 73.21 pigmentation 88.19–20 M protein, streptococcal infections 26.11, swollen face, head and neck 105.15 upper limb 105.12–14 primary effusion 139.5 26.12, 26.35 genetic mutations 105.13 urogenital cancers 105.22 primary effusion, Kaposi sarcoma macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa and genetics 105.8 urticaria differential diagnosis 42.14 association 139.5 scoliosis (MACS) syndrome 72.12, genital 105.17–19, 111.35 varicose vein treatment 105.49 PUVA side effect 21.13–14 79.7 clinical features 105.18–19 yellow nail syndrome 95.15 skin involvement 147.2 macrocheilia 110.86, 110.87 complications 105.18–19 see also breast cancer-related subcorneal pustular dermatosis macrocomedone removal 90.48, 90.49 definition 105.17 lymphoedema; cancer- association 49.14 macroglobulinaemia cutis 148.5 genetics 105.17, 105.18 related lymphoedema; see also cutaneous anaplastic large- macroglossia 110.60 investigations 105.19 phlebolymphoedema cell lymphoma; cutaneous B-cell macrogols, topical drug delivery 18.7

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macrolide antibiotics 19.42 malakoplakia 136.21 palmoplantar keratodermas 65.58–60 mannan-binding lectin 8.31 Macronyssidae 34.52 HIV infection 31.29 paraneoplastic skin conditions 147.14– mannose receptor 8.15 macrophage(s) 2.15, 136.1–2 vulval lesions 112.24–5 18, 148.6–10 α-mannosidosis 81.5 complement system 8.22 malaria 33.33–4 pathological criteria for β-mannosidosis 81.5 cytokine signalling in inflammatory hyperhidrosis 94.5 melanoma 143.17 Mansonella streptocerca 33.6 dermatoses 8.23 Malassezia 26.3 perianal 113.17–20 manual lymphatic drainage, lymphoedema early-phase allergic response 8.57–8 annular erythema of infancy 47.6 pityriasis rotunda association 87.7 management 105.56–7 high-power microscopy 3.31 ano-genital 111.12, 111.24 pruritus 83.12, 83.15 marantic endocarditis 101.16, 101.17 immune function 8.21–3, 8.24 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis psoriasis association 35.20 marasmic kwashiorkor 63.1, 63.2, 63.4 keloid 10.9 association 87.6 radiotherapy 140.7–9 marasmus 63.1–6 in Langerhans cell histiocytosis 136.3 diagnosis 32.9–10 soft-tissue tumours 137.2 telogen effluvium 89.26 lysosomal degradation 8.23 folliculitis 31.28, 32.13–14, 76.2, 90.30 solid tumours 88.19, 88.20 maraviroc 31.10 killing 8.23 hypomelanosis 88.44 Sweet syndrome association 49.6, 49.7, Marburg haemorrhagic fever 25.72–3 receptors 8.23 neonatal cephalic pustulosis 90.61 49.10 Marfan syndrome 2.36, 72.15–17 secretions 99.6 pustulosis 116.27 systemic lupus erythematosus clinical features 72.16–17 wound healing 10.2, 10.3 107.13 association 51.31, 51.32 definition 72.15 diabetic wounds 10.9 seborrhoeic dermatitis association 32.14, systemic sclerosis association 56.8–9 differential diagnosis 72.16–17 macrophage activation syndrome 45.11 40.1, 40.2 telogen effluvium 89.26 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome macrophage inflammatory protein β1 , HIV infection 31.14 TNF antagonists 19.30 association 72.1, 72.16 Dercum disease 100.16 treatment 40.5, 40.6 toxic shock syndrome association 26.30 differential diagnosis 72.7 macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) 8.5, skin diseases 32.10–14 transient acantholytic dermatosis epidemiology 72.16 8.22–3 see also pityriasis versicolor association 87.22 investigations 72.17 macrophage inhibitory protein 1a malathion 18.13 transplacental transfer of maternal management 72.17 (CCL3) 8.38 maldistribution syndrome see HIV- disease 116.14 pathophysiology 72.16 macrophage inhibitory protein 1b associated lipodystrophy urticaria association 42.3–4 progeria differential diagnosis 72.22 (CCL4) 8.38 malignancy vascular tumours, intermediate 137.33–6 striae 96.9, 96.10 macrophage-activating syndrome 45.7 acanthosis nigricans association 87.3, vulval 112.34–9 variants 72.16–17 macrophage–monocyte pathway 8.21, 87.4 warts 25.51, 25.58–9 marfanoid habitus 72.16 136.2 acquired ichthyoses 65.40 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.4 marginal papular keratoderma 65.53–4 macrotia 108.4–5 acrocyanosis 125.5 see also named conditions and cancers marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) 140.37, macular atrophy 96.20, 96.22 anal 113.17–20 malignant acrospiroma 138.36 140.38–40 macular syphilide 29.10, 29.11 anal abscess differential malignant lymphocytoma cutis differential maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis diagnosis 113.26 angioendotheliomatosis 140.43–4 diagnosis 135.9 (MPCM) 46.1 asteatotic eczema association 39.11 malignant atrophic papulosis 101.23–4 Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis 68.4– Madelung disease 74.8, 100.13–15 Bloom syndrome 79.4 malignant chondroid syringoma 138.32, 5, 68.12, 68.14 swollen arm differential ciclosporin association 19.11 138.33 Marjolin ulcer, diagnosis 105.13, 105.14 coloboma heart defect–ichthyosiform malignant external otitis 26.52 association 124.5 Madurella grisea 32.74 dermatosis–mental retardation–ear malignant fibrous histiocytoma 137.17 Maroteaux–Lamy syndrome 81.2, 81.4 Madurella mycetomatis 32.73, 32.75 anomalies syndrome 65.34 malignant hidradenoma 138.36 Marshall syndrome 96.20 Maffucci syndrome 73.14–15, 105.39–40 cutaneous markers 147.1–26 malignant histiocytosis 136.26–9 Mas-related G protein-coupled facial haemangiomas 110.15 dermatomyositis association 53.2, 53.11 clinical features 136.27 receptor agonists, itching in skin spindle cell haemangioma dermatoses associated with internal epidemiology 136.26 disease 83.7 association 137.32 malignancy 147.18–24 pathophysiology 136.26–7 masseter muscle 110.5 magenta 18.33 DOCK8 deficiency 82.10 malignant melanoma see melanoma Masson ammoniacal silver nitrate maggots dyskeratosis congenita 77.4 malignant peripheral nerve sheath technique 3.8, 3.9 wound debridement 34.10 tumour 137.54 Masson haemangioma 110.72 see also myiasis association 47.11 NF1-associated 80.4 Masson pseudoangiosarcoma 137.24 MAGIC (mouth and genital ulcers erythema nodosum 99.20 malignant spiradenoma 138.36–7 mast cell(s) 2.16–17, 8.19–21 with inflamed cartilage) erythroderma 39.32–3 malignant syringoma 138.37–8 activation 2.16, 8.21, 8.57 syndrome 154.13 external ear 108.23–7 malingering 86.23, 86.29 acute phase inflammation 8.2 genital ulceration 111.18 focal keratoderma 65.52 malnutrition 63.1–6 chymase release 8.41 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) genodermatoses associated with internal classification 63.2 cytokines 8.21 diagnostic 4.22 malignancy 147.7–13 clinical features 63.3–6 degranulation 117.16 nails 95.50, 95.51 glucocorticoid-associated 19.18 complications/co-morbidities 63.6 growth/differentiation 2.16 magnetic resonance haemorrhoids differential copper deficiency 63.27 high-power microscopy 3.32 lymphangiography 105.53, 105.54–5 diagnosis 113.31 epidemiology 63.2 histamine release 107.13 Majeed syndrome 45.8 Howel-Evans syndrome 65.59 furuncles 26.23 keloid 10.9 Majewski osteodysplastic primordial HPV-associated intraepithelial/invasive hair colour changes 89.71 mastocytosis 46.3 dwarfism type II 74.5 neoplasias 25.58–9 investigations 63.6 mediators 8.20–1 Majocchi disease 101.8, 101.9 human papillomavirus 25.45, 31.24 management 63.6 nerve interactions 2.17 Majocchi granuloma 31.26 hypermelanosis 88.19–20 pathophysiology 63.2–3 80.2 major basic protein (MBP) 8.19 hypertrichosis differential phrynoderma 87.13, 87.14 products 2.17 major depressive disorder 86.33 diagnosis 68.12 predisposing factors 63.3 pro-inflammatory activity 149.8 major histocompatibility complex infiltrating lipomatosis of the face severe 63.2 proteases 8.21 (MHC) 7.6, 136.2 differential diagnosis 100.18 severity classification 63.4–6 receptors 8.20 antigen presentation 8.28 linear IgA disease association 50.34 skin signs 63.3–63.4, 63.5 roles 2.17 class I 8.27 lymphoedema association 105.53 telogen effluvium 89.26 skin pathology 2.17 induction by interferons 8.34 mal de Meleda 65.49 see also protein–energy malnutrition stabilization 46.9 inhibitory receptors for 8.16 malakoplakia differential Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool staining 3.9, 3.10 class II 128.7 diagnosis 112.25 (MUST) 63.5–6 tryptase release 8.41 antigens 8.28 male genital dermatoses 111.29–34 mammary-like gland adenoma of the wound healing 10.2 induction by interferons 8.34 methotrexate association 19.24 vulva 138.21–2 mast cell disorders drugs as haptens 12.4 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis mandibular deformities 110.5 activation syndrome 46.7 ethnic differences in gene association 136.24 mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) 74.1 histological sections 3.40 expression 56.7 multiple minute digitate keratoses acquired generalized lipodystrophy monoclonal mast cell activation inflammation 8.26–8 association 87.17 differential diagnosis 100.3 syndrome 46.7 pemphigus susceptibility 50.4 mycophenolate mofetil- familial 72.24–5 urticaria 42.3–4 mal de Meleda 65.46, 65.47–9 associated 19.26–7 progeria differential diagnosis 72.22 see also mastocytoma; mastocytosis clinical features 65.48 mycosis fungoides 140.14 mandibulo-acral dysplasia with type mast cell mediator-induced angio- differential diagnosis 65.48 NF1-associated 80.3–4 A (MADA) and type B (MADB) oedema 43.1, 43.2 investigations 65.49 nodular fasciitis 137.5 lipodystrophy 79.2, 79.5 clinical features 43.4–5 management 65.49 oculocutaneous albinism manganese epidemiology 43.2 pathophysiology 65.48 association 70.7 deficiency 63.30–1 management 43.5, 43.6 malabsorption 152.7 oral 110.32–9 excess 63.30–1 pathophysiology 43.3–4 hyperpigmentation 88.23–5 oral leukoplakia 110.77 mange 34.47 mastication muscles 110.5

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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mastitis 116.24 measurement 16.1–8 Mel-5 3.21 nodular 144.11, 144.12 tuberculous 27.32 assessment tools 16.2–3 melan-A (MART-1) 3.21 squamous cell carcinoma differential mastocytoma 46.5–6 patient-specific 16.6 melanin 2.17, 2.43, 70.1, 88.1 diagnosis 108.25 prognosis 46.10 skin disease impact 16.4–8 biological significance 88.8 angiokeratoma circumscriptum mastocytosis 46.1–10, 154.13 skin properties 16.3–4 blue naevus 88.2 differential diagnosis 103.14 aetiopathogenesis 46.2 utility 16.6 deficiency in oculocutaneous animal-type 143.19 clinical features 46.3–7 validation of methods 16.2 albinism 70.6 ano-genital 111.33, 113.20 cutaneous 46.2, 46.3–6, 46.7, 46.8–9 mebendazole hair 89.68 atypical junctional/intraepithelial diffuse 46.6 ancylostomiasis treatment 33.15 Hodgkin disease pigmentation 140.49 pattern presentation 143.18 maculopapular 46.3–5 enterobiasis treatment 33.14 light absorption 23.3, 23.5, 23.11–12 atypical naevi differential prognosis 46.10 visceral larva migrans treatment 33.20 nail plate pigmentation 95.13 diagnosis 132.44 definition 46.1 mechanical injury 123.1–26 photoprotective role 88.9 basal cell carcinoma differential disease course 46.10 athletes pigmentation 88.1–2 diagnosis 141.11 epidemiology 46.2–3 acne mechanica 123.15 precursors 70.1 benign lichenoid keratosis differential flushing 106.6, 106.8, 147.24, 147.25 black heel/palm 123.10 production 88.3 diagnosis 133.7 infantile urticaria 117.6 friction blisters 123.9, 123.10 by Candida albicans 32.58 biopsy 143.23 infants 117.15–16 hypothenar hammer syndrome 123.12 selective photothermolysis 23.4, 23.5 black heel/palm differential investigations 46.7, 46.8 foreign-body reactions 123.16–18, vitamin D synthesis 9.9 diagnosis 123.10 Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential 123.19, 123.20–3 melanoacanthoma, eyelid 109.48 blue naevus differential diagnosis 136.6 friction 123.5–13 melanoblasts 2.17 diagnosis 132.39 management 46.8–10 sports injuries 123.15–16 differentiation/migration 88.3–4 BRAF mutated 143.31–3, 143.34 mast cell activation syndrome 46.7 hypothenar hammer syndrome 123.12 melanoacanthoma, oral 110.67–8 Breslow thickness 143.16, 143.19–20 monoclonal mast cell activation see also hand–arm vibration syndrome; melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) 2.18, 88.7 chemotherapy 143.34–5 syndrome 46.7 Koebner phenomenon; trauma melanoma risk 149.9–10 classification 143.6–7 nomenclatures 46.1 mechanical properties of skin 123.4–5 melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) molecular 143.7 non-mast cell haematological biomechanical 123.3–5 gene 143.4, 155.4 clinical features 143.7–10, 143.11–12, disorders 46.2, 46.3 determinants 123.4–5 mutations 75.9, 141.3 143.12, 143.13–16 pathophysiology 46.3 pathological variation 123.5 melanocortin(s), Addison disease 88.7 immunocompromised patients 146.11 prognosis 46.10 physiological variation 123.5 melanocytes 2.1, 2.5, 2.17–18, 70.1, 88.1, clinicopathology 143.11–12, 143.13–16 systemic 46.2, 46.6, 46.7 mechanical stimuli 123.2–3 88.2–5 comparative genomic WHO classification 46.1, 46.2, 46.6 resistance 123.3–4 alopecia areata 89.30 hybridization 143.19 maternal autoantibodies, transplacental mechanical strength 123.4 antibodies 88.36 completion lymph node transfer 116.11–14 mechanic’s hands 53.7, 53.8, 53.11 culture 88.4–5 dissection 143.24, 143.25, 143.26 matriptase 8.41–2 mechanoreceptors in skin 2.11 development 2.3, 2.5, 2.17 congenital melanocytic naevi matrix metalloproteinase(s) (MMPs) 2.32– mechlorethamine 18.27–8 distribution 88.3 association 75.10, 75.11, 75.13, 75.15 3, 8.42–3, 103.1 see also nitrogen mustard, topical embryology 88.3–4 conjunctival 109.50, 143.14 activation 8.57 Meckel–Gruber syndrome, spinal epidermal melanin unit 88.2–3 definition 143.2 ageing of skin 155.6, 155.8 dysraphism association 85.9 filopedia 88.4 dermal proliferation presentation 143.17 collagen degradation 9.10–11 medallion-like dermal dendrocyte hair 89.68–9 dermoscopy 144.1, 144.2, 144.5, 144.6–7, early-phase allergic response 8.58 hamartoma 116.10–11 hair bulb 89.69 144.7. 144.8, 144.9, 144.10–12 inflammation 8.22 medial pterygoid muscle 110.5 lineage segregation 88.4 desmoplastic 143.18–19, 144.11, 144.12 metastatic spread role 147.5 median canaliform dystrophy of mitogens 88.4–5 diagnosis 143.2, 143.8 rosacea association 91.4 Heller 95.10–11, 95.17 nail 2.11 difficulties 143.17 UV induced 2.47 median raphe cysts 111.26 nests 132.2 histopathological 143.16–19 wound healing 10.2, 10.4, 10.5, median rhomboid glossitis, oestrogen receptors 88.7 novel techniques 143.19 10.8, 10.9 candidosis 32.63, 110.71 regulation 88.5 pathological patterns 143.17–18, diabetic wounds 10.9 7.2, 7.2–3, 7.4 autocrine factors 88.7–8 143.19 matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) 8.43 medical writing, ancient 1.1–2 endocrine factors 88.7 diagnostic tools 143.8 retinoid effects 96.4 medications see drug(s) paracrine factors 88.7–8 dual pathway hypothesis 143.7 matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) 8.43 Mediterranean spotted fever 34.38 self-destruction theory 88.36 dynamic analysis 143.8 matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) 10.2 medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) 105.42 signalling pathways 2.18 early detection 143.16 matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) 8.43 Medline 17.6, 17.7 stem cells 2.17 economic burden 6.5–6 matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) gene limitations 17.7 α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone elective lymph node dissection 143.24 mutations 72.19 MEDNIK (mental retardation– (α-MSH) 8.52, 9.8, 70.1, 74.4, 88.4 environmental factors 143.5–6 matrix metalloproteinase 19 (MMP- enteropathy–deafness–neuropathy– adverse cutaneous effects 149.15 epidemic 5.9 19) 8.43 ichthyosis– keratoderma) 65.27, functions 149.9 epidemiology 143.2 matrix metalloproteinase 26 (MMP- 65.28 immune privilege guardian role 149.10 external ear 108.23 26) 10.2 medullary sponge kidney, Ehlers–Danlos renal failure 88.22 eyelid 109.49, 109.50, 109.51 mattresses, pressure ulcers syndrome association 72.1 melanocytic lesions, dermal 132.12–15 familial 143.3 prevention 124.5 medullary thyroid carcinoma 147.25 melanocytic markers 3.20–1 fluorescent in situ hybridization 143.19 treatment 124.6 MEN type 2 association 147.10 melanocytic matricoma 138.14 follow-up 143.21, 143.22 maxacalcitol 18.26 Mee’s lines, nails 122.2, 122.8 melanocytic proliferations/neoplasms, freckles 88.16 maxillary air sinuses 110.5 megavoltage X-ray therapy technique 24.3 benign cutaneous 132.1–49 genes predisposing for 5.9, 143.4–5 maxillary deformities 110.5 megencephaly–capillary malformation– congenital melanocytic naevi 132.15, genetic counselling 143.6 Mayaro virus infection 25.77–8 polymicrogyria (MCAP) syndrome, 132.16–17, 132.17–18 genetics 143.4–5 MBTPS2 gene mutations 65.62 capillary malformations 73.5–6 definitions 132.2 genital 111.33 MC1R gene mutations 75.9, 141.3, 143.4, meibomian gland dysfunction 109.8, dermal melanocytic lesions 132.12–15 GNAQ mutated 143.33–4 155.4 109.9, 109.10 mucosal melanotic lesions 132.9–12 halo naevi association 88.41 McCune–Albright syndrome 74.4 associated factors 109.9 terminology 132.2 HIV infection 31.30–1 café-au-lait macules 80.4, 80.5 clinical features 109.13 see also ephelides; lentigines; naevi hypomelanotic halo 88.41 heterotrimeric G-protein mosaic environmental factors 109.13 melanogenesis 88.6 IL-8 role 8.40 disorders 75.21 investigations 109.14 biochemistry 88.5 immunocompromised patients 146.11 McDuffie syndrome see urticarial vasculitis management 109.16 regulation 8.50 management 146.13–14 MCLID (microcephaly with/without natural history 109.13 sunbed use 9.13 immunohistochemistry 143.19 chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema pathology 109.10 tanning 9.7–8 immunopathology diagnosis 3.21 or intellectual disability) rosacea association 91.4 melanoma 143.2–35 incidence 143.2 syndrome 105.27, 105.29 Meige lymphoedema 105.25, 105.27, ABCD algorithm 143.7, 143.16, 144.1 intraindividual comparative MDMA 121.2 105.30 acral 144.5, 144.8 analysis 143.8 measles 25.84–6, 117.7 meiosis 7.2 acral lentiginous 95.33, 143.7, 143.10, investigations 143.16–20 clinical features 25.85 Meirowsky phenomenon 88.9 143.12, 144.5 keratoderma association 65.59 epidemiology 25.84 Meissner corpuscles 2.46 amelanotic 143.15 KIT mutated 143.33–4 investigations 25.85 MEK inhibitors actinic keratosis association 142.2 lymph node dissection 143.26 management 25.86 melanoma treatment 143.32–3 algorithms 143.7–8 lymphoedema association 105.22 mortality 5.8 nail changes 120.7 amelanotic 143.14–15, 144.10–11 major susceptibility genes 143.4–5 pathophysiology 25.84–5 papulopustular eruptions 120.3 metastases 143.30 malignancy pathological criteria 143.17

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melanoma (continued) UVR role 9.9–10 management 26.49, 26.50 immunohistochemistry 145.3, 145.4 malignant blue naevus 132.41, 143.15, vaginal 144.9 pathophysiology 26.49 immunotherapy 145.8–9 143.19, 143.19 vitiligo association 88.35 meningococcal meningitis 82.17 investigations 145.7 management 143.20–35, 146.14 vulval 112.38 meningococcal septicaemia management 145.7–9 surgical treatment 143.23–7 wide local excision 143.23–7 epidemic typhus differential metastases 145.6 systemic treatment 143.28–35 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.3–4 diagnosis 26.77 distant 145.8–9 topical treatment 18.29 see also lentigo maligna Rocky Mountain spotted fever locoregional 145.7–8 melanocyte proliferation melanoma–astrocytoma syndrome 147.7 differential diagnosis 26.78 neurofilament expression 3.20 with lentiginous pattern tick typhus differential diagnosis 26.78 nomenclature 145.1 presentation 143.17–18 confocal microscopy 95.49, 95.50 meningothelial heterotopias 137.52 oncogenic viral infection 146.7 melanoma-specific structures 144.5, lichen planus of nail bed 37.12 Menkes disease 63.27, 68.6, 68.21, 79.7, pathophysiology 145.2–3, 145.5 144.6–7, 147 longitudinal 95.34 81.18–19 plaque-like variants 145.5, 145.6 metastases 143.19, 143.25, 143.26 melanophages, amyloidosis 88.23 copper deficiency 2.36 polyomavirus infection 25.42 lymph node dissection 143.27 melanosis hair colour changes 89.71 primary tumours 145.7–8 management 143.28–35 facial 88.9–15 pili torti 68.10, 89.51, 89.52 prognosis 145.6 pigmented 143.29 ochronosis differential diagnosis 88.51 differential diagnosis 68.20 radiotherapy 24.13, 145.8 micro-Hutchinson sign 144.8, 144.9, genital 132.11 trichothiodystrophy differential sentinel lymph node biopsy 145.8 144.10 penile 111.34 diagnosis 78.11 squamous cell carcinoma 125.13 mortality 5.8, 143.2 photocontact facial melanosis 88.12–13 menopause differential diagnosis 108.25 mucosal 143.14, 144.9, 144.10 transient pustular 116.7 ageing of skin 155.4 staging 145.6–7 nail apparatus 95.33–4, 95.35, 144.8, vulval 112.20, 112.21 flushing 106.4 Merkel cell hyperplasia 2.12 144.9, 144.10 melanosomes 2.17, 70.1, 88.3 hypo-oestrogenism 145.19 Merkel cell polyomavirus 2.12, 25.41–2, nail unit 144.8, 144.9, 144.10 defects 70.2 menstrual cycle 145.2, 146.7 nodular 143.7, 144.11–12 racial skin groups 88.9 acne vulgaris 90.16 Merkel cell–neurite complex 2.11 presentation 143.8–9, 143.10 transfer to keratinocytes 88.4 urticaria 42.8, 47.8 mesangiocapillary NRAS mutated 143.31–3 transport 88.4 mental neuropathy, malignancy glomerulonephritis 100.4 ocular 143.14 melanotic lesions association 147.23 mesenchymal cells 2.4 oral 110.67 mucosal 132.9–12 mental retardation, obesity, mesenchymal markers 3.21–3 pathology 143.7 neuroectodermal tumour 137.53 mandibular prognathism, eye mesoderm 2.3, 2.4 pathophysiology 143.2–7 progonoma 137.53 and skin anomalies (MOMES) Mesopotamia 1.2 pattern recognition 143.8 melanotic macules syndrome 74.5 messenger RNA (mRNA) 7.6 penile 111.33 labial 132.11–12 mental retardation see also enteropathy– meta-analysis 17.5 phakomatosis pigmentovascularis 75.23 lips 110.13 deafness–neuropathy–ichthyosis– confidence intervals 17.10 phenotypic traits 143.3 oral mucosa 110.12–13 keratoderma (MEDNIK) 65.27 data statistical heterogeneity 17.11 photocarcinogenesis 127.29 hyperpigmentation 110.68 mentalis muscle, botulinum toxin A point estimates 17.10 pigmented 143.29 pigmented 132.9–11 injection 158.6, 158.7 sensitivity analysis 17.11 pigmented naevi distinction 110.13 clinical features 132.10–11 menthol 18.34 metabolic diseases 81.1–20 precursors 143.2 definition 132.9 mentophyma 91.8 acquired ichthyoses 65.40–1 predisposing factors 143.2–3 epidemiology 132.9 mepacrine 19.5 amino acid disorders 81.11–16 pregnancy 115.7 investigations 132.11 discoid lupus erythematosus cholesterol synthesis disorders 81.2, presentation 143.9–10, 143.11–12, management 132.11 treatment 51.11 81.16 143.12–15 nomenclature 132.9 nail colouration 95.14 congenital disorders of glycosylation prevention 143.6 pathophysiology 132.10 subacute cutaneous lupus 81.2, 81.10–11 prognostic markers 143.19–20 melanotrichoblastoma, giant 138.11 erythematosus 51.14 with eccrine gland inclusions 94.14, 94.15 public health education 143.16 melasma 88.10–12 mepyramine maleate 18.33 lysosomal storage disorders 81.1–9 PUVA side effect 21.13 chemical peel 159.5, 159.6, 159.8, 159.13 mequinol 18.29 mitochondrial disorders 81.2, 81.9–10 radiotherapy 24.13 clinical features 88.10 mercaptans, substituted 18.29 oral manifestations 110.91 regressive 143.15, 143.19 depigmenting agents 18.28 Mercurialis (Italian physician) 1.3 telogen effluvium 89.26 ridge pattern 144.5, 144.8, 144.9 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10, mercurials, organic 128.39 metabolic disorders risk 149.12 mercury toxicity 122.5–6 kidney disease 153.2–3 with multiple acquired melanocytic epidemiology 88.10 allergic contact dermatitis 128.24 musculoskeletal 154.9–10 naevi 132.18 laser treatment 23.14, 160.5–6 amalgam fillings 128.18 metabolic syndrome Turner syndrome 76.3 management 88.11–12, 88.34 hyperpigmentation 88.53 psoriasis association 35.21 screening 143.16 pathophysiology 88.10–11 oro-facial granulomatosis 128.61 psoriatic arthritis association 35.43 seborrhoeic keratosis differential pregnancy 88.12, 115.1 protein–energy malnutrition differential metal(s) diagnosis 133.3 melatonin receptors 2.18 diagnosis 63.4 allergic contact dermatitis 128.19–24, sentinel lymph node 26.52–3 Meretoja syndrome 58.12 128.67 biopsy 143.23, 143.25–7 glanders differential diagnosis 26.54 MERRF (myoclonus epilepsy and systemically reactivated 128.59 status 143.20 Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome myopathy with ragged red fibres) implant cutaneous reactions 128.59 signalling pathways 143.30 fissured tongue 110.21 syndrome 81.9 pigmentation 88.52–3 sinonasal 143.15 granulomatous cheilitis 110.85–7 Dercum disease differential metal halide lamps, UVR source 9.3 in situ 112.21, 143.24–5 penile lymphoedema 111.20 diagnosis 100.17 metal poisoning 122.1–9 actinic keratosis association 142.2 solid facial oedema 90.35–6 subcutaneous lipomatosis antimony 122.1–2 ink-spot lentigo differential Meloidae 34.29 association 100.14 arsenic 122.2–3 diagnosis 132.9 melphalan, melanoma treatment 143.29 Merkel cell(s) 2.1, 2.5, 2.11–12, 145.1 keratosis 65.52 of soft parts 137.66 membrane-bound transporters 14.5 autoantibodies 2.12 beryllium, reactions to 122.8 spitzoid 143.19 men who have sex with men (MSM), function 85.1 lead 122.4–5 staging 143.20–1, 143.21 genital warts 31.24 origins 2.12 molybdenum, reactions to 122.9 structures on sun-damaged skin 144.5, MEND syndrome 65.21 trichoblastoma 138.12 platinum 122.9 144.8 Mendelian disorders of cornification 65.2 Merkel cell carcinoma 2.12, 145.1–4, 145.5, thallium, reactions to 122.8 subungual 143.13 Mendes da Costa syndrome, acquired 145.6–9 see also other named metals sun exposure 143.5–6 poikiloderma 96.10 chemotherapy 145.8–9 metaplasia 3.37 sunscreen protection 9.12 meningiomas 147.8 clinical features 145.3, 145.5, 145.6–7 metastases 147.2–7 superficial spreading subtype 143.7, cutaneous 137.52 immunocompromised basal cell carcinoma 141.10 144.5 meningitis patients 146.11–12 breast cancer 147.2, 147.3 presentation 143.8, 143.9 Acinetobacter 26.50 definition 145.1 calcification 61.6, 153.2 surgery 143.23–7 cryptococcal 31.27 diagnosis 3.19, 145.6 differential diagnosis from wide local excision 143.23–7 IVIG adverse reaction 19.36 disease course 145.6 calciphylaxis 99.33 survival rates 143.21 listeriosis 26.45, 26.46 epidemiology 145.1–2 malignancy association 147.22 systemic adjuvant therapy 143.28–9 recurrent lymphocytic 25.19 experimental treatments 145.9 cutaneous 147.3–6 transplacental transfer of maternal meningococcaemia 26.49 eyelid 109.51 appearance 147.4 disease 116.14 meningococcal infection 26.48–9, 26.50 follow-up care 145.9 distribution 147.4–6 treatment 31.31 clinical features 26.49 immunocompromised patients 146.11– histopathology 147.6 tumour kinetics/aggressiveness 143.7 epidemiology 26.49 12 mechanisms 147.4–6 ultraviolet light exposure 143.5–6 investigations 26.49 management 146.13–14 prognosis 147.6

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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cutaneous tumours 3.23 HIV infection 31.20 microvenular haemangioma 137.31 minoxidil epidermoid cyst differential sexual transmission 111.24 MIDAS syndrome 67.24–5 female pattern hair loss diagnosis 134.2 meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus focal dermal hypoplasia differential management 89.23 epithelioid sarcoma 137.66 (MSSA) 26.6 diagnosis 67.24 hair lotion 128.16 melanoma 143.19, 143.25, 143.26 furuncle 26.24, 26.25 mid-dermal elastolysis 96.23 hair regrowth acceleration 18.36, 120.6 lymph node dissection 143.27 metronidazole 18.11 midges 34.7, 34.8 hypertrichosis 89.62, 89.63 management 143.29–35 amoebiasis treatment 33.35 midline destructive disease, male pattern baldness Merkel cell carcinoma 145.6 rosacea treatment 91.13, 91.14 idiopathic 110.40 management 89.22 distant 145.8–9 trichomoniasis treatment 33.36 Miescher cheilitis 110.85–7 topical therapy 18.36 locoregional 145.7–8 mevalonate kinase deficiency 45.2, 45.3, Miescher granuloma 97.9–10 minute pirate bugs 34.28 necrolytic migratory erythema 47.15 81.16 radial in erythema nodosum 99.22–3 miosis, Horner syndrome 85.15 oral neoplasms 110.39 with recurrent fever and hyper-IgD sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 98.2 mipomersen 62.7 penile 111.34 syndrome 45.6–7 MIFT-1 3.21 mirtazapine 86.36 perianal 113.31 mevalonic aciduria 45.7 migraine, rosacea association 91.12 Mitchell disease see erythromelalgia radiotherapy 24.14 Meyerson naevus 39.27–8, 132.29–30 migratory erythema 147.19 mites 34.48–54 scalp 107.10 halo naevi association 132.30 migratory thrombophlebitis 147.25, 152.6 bird 34.52 acquired cicatricial alopecia 89.36 Michaelis–Gutmann bodies 136.21 Mikulicz ulcers 110.28, 110.29, 110.40 Cheyletiella 34.50–1 skin cancer 146.14 Michelin tyre baby 72.15 milia 134.4–5 follicle 34.52–4 soft-tissue tumours 137.2 raised linear bands of infancy acne vulgaris differential harvest 34.51–2 squamous cell carcinoma 142.31 differential diagnosis 116.18 diagnosis 90.24, 90.25 house-dust 34.48 tumour-to-tumour 147.5 smooth muscle hamartoma 75.20 chemical peels 159.12 parasitic 34.49, 34.50–1, 34.52 see also carcinoma erysipeloides miconazole, candidosis treatment 32.61 clinical features 134.5 plant 34.50 metformin, hirsutism treatment 89.68 microbicides, HIV prevention 31.9 closed comedone differential Pyometes 34.49 meth mites 121.2 microcephaly with/without diagnosis 90.24, 90.25 reptile 34.52 meth mouth 121.2 chorioretinopathy, lymphoedema epidemiology 134.5 rodent 34.52 methaemoglobinaemia, dapsone- or intellectual disability eyelid 109.47 spider 34.50 induced 19.14 (MCLID) syndrome 73.19–20, infants 117.13 stored products 34.48 methamphetamine 121.2 105.27, 105.29 management 134.5 see also scabies methanol 129.3 microcephaly–capillary malformation neonates 116.3–4 MITF gene mutations 143.5 methantheline, hyperhidrosis syndrome 73.6–7 pathophysiology 134.5 mitochondrial damage 9.10 treatment 94.9 Micrococcus 26.3 surgery 20.47 mitochondrial disorders 7.5, 81.2, 81.9–10 methotrexate 19.22–5 age effects 26.4 miliaria 94.12–13, 116.5–7 dermatological features 81.9–10 adverse effects 19.23–4 microcystic adnexal carcinoma 138.37–8 actinic folliculitis differential mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 7.5 atopic eczema treatment 41.33 microdialysis 13.7 diagnosis 93.6 mutation frequency 9.11 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus microfibril-associated glycoproteins apocrine 94.17–18 mitochondrial oxidative stress 8.44 treatment 50.48, 50.49 (MAGPs) 2.37 clinical features 116.6–7 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cautions 19.25 micro-Hutchinson sign, melanoma 144.8, crystallina 94.12, 116.5, 116.6–7 activation by TLRs 8.14 contraindications 19.24–5 144.9, 144.10 differential diagnosis 116.6–7 ageing of skin 155.6 dermatological uses 19.22 microorganisms epidemiology 116.6 pathway in melanoma 143.31 discoid lupus erythematosus high-power microscopy 3.33 infantile acropustulosis differential mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) treatment 51.11 staining 3.10 diagnosis 116.8 inhibitors, papulopustular dose 19.25 microphthalmia-associated transcription investigations 116.7 eruptions 120.3 gastrointestinal toxicity 19.24 factor (MiTF) 132.6 management 116.7 Mitsuda test 4.25 hepatotoxicity 19.24, 19.25 micro-RNAs (miRNAs) 2.41 pathophysiology 116.6 mixed connective tissue disease 53.9, 54.1–3 HIV infection complications 31.16 morphoea 57.10 profunda 94.12–13, 116.5, 116.6 cardiac involvement 150.4 intralesional therapy 20.44 wound healing 10.2 pustulosa 116.6, 116.7 clinical features 54.2 malignancy association 19.24 microscopic examination of tissue folliculitis differential complications/comorbidities 54.2 monitoring 19.25 sections 3.29–33 diagnosis 26.22 definition 54.1 morphoea treatment 57.27–8 high-power 3.30–3 periporitis staphylogenes differential epidemiology 54.1 mucous membrane pemphigoid 109.33 low power histological pattern diagnosis 116.24 investigations 54.2 myelotoxicity 19.23–4 diagnosis 3.30 rubra 94.12, 116.5, 116.6, 116.7 management 54.3 pemphigus treatment 50.9 microscopic polyangiitis 102.20–3 miliary calcinosis cutis 61.4, 61.5, 61.6 nomenclature 54.1 pharmacological properties 19.22–3 clinical features 102.21–2 miliary granulomas, listeriosis 116.25 pathophysiology 54.2 pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment 36.5, definition 102.20 military personnel, friction blisters 123.9 respiratory disease association 151.2 36.6–7 epidemiology 102.21 milk, maternal, toxic substance severity classification 54.2 plaque psoriasis treatment 35.26–7 granulomatosis with polyangiitis transfer 116.14 systemic lupus erythematosus pre-treatment screening 19.25 differential diagnosis 102.25 milker’s nodules 25.11–12 differential diagnosis 51.27 psoriasis treatment 19.22 investigations 102.22 cowpox differential diagnosis 25.9 systemic sclerosis overlap 56.7, 56.8 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.45 management 102.22–3 milker’s sinus 123.22 variants 54.2 pulmonary toxicity 19.24 pathophysiology 102.21 millipedes 34.54–5 mixed cryoglobulinaemia 125.10 regimens 19.25 relapse 102.22 Milroy disease 105.25, 105.27, 105.29 management 125.11 reproductive toxicity 19.24 respiratory disorder association 151.4 miltefosine, visceral leishmaniasis mixed immunobullous disease 50.36 sarcoidosis treatment 98.16 severity classification 102.22 treatment 33.51 mixed lymphovenous disease 105.6–9 systemic lupus erythematosus microscopic treatment zone (MTZ) 160.7 mineral deficiencies 63.23–31, 152.1 mixed tumour of the skin 138.32–3 treatment 51.36 microscopy, simple diagnostic copper deficiency 2.36, 63.27–8 MLH1 gene mutations 142.39, 142.40 systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic procedures 4.22 iron deficiency 63.23–5 MMR vaccination 117.7 arthritis treatment 45.11 microsponges 18.2 manganese deficiency 63.30–1 mobile phone-based interventions 4.25, 4.26 topical 18.28 microsporidiosis, HIV infection 31.28 selenium deficiency 63.28–30 mogul skier’s palm 123.16 toxicity 14.10 Microsporum 32.18, 32.19, 32.20 zinc deficiency 63.6, 63.25–7 Mohr orofaciodigital syndrome 108.4 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) 21.8 identification 32.23, 32.25–7 biotin deficiency differential Mohs micrographic surgery 20.8, 20.35, 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) 21.8–9 Wood’s light examination 32.6–7 diagnosis 63.23 20.36, 20.37–40 methyl aminolevulinate (MAL) 22.2, 22.3 Microsporum audouinii 32.23, 32.25 mineral oils costs 20.38 application 22.9–10 Microsporum canis 32.25–6 occupational disorders 130.14 criteria for high-risk lesions 20.39 methylchloroisothiazolinone 128.36 tinea corporis 32.36, 117.9 topical medications 18.6 definition 20.35 methyldibromo glutaronitrile 128.37–8 Microsporum equinum 32.26 mineralization abnormalities 72.26–32 flaps for repair 20.25, 20.27–8 methylisothiazolinone 128.36 Microsporum ferrugineum 32.26 minimal erythema dose (MED) 9.2, 21.7, historical aspects 20.35 meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Microsporum fulvum 32.26 21.10 indications 20.38–9 (MRSA) 26.6, 26.8 Microsporum gypseum 32.26 minimal phototoxic dose (MPD) 21.9 procedure 20.37–8 burns 126.8 Microsporum nanum 32.26 minocycline reflectance confocal microscopy 4.21–2 community-acquired 26.6, 26.8 Microsporum persicolor 32.26–7 α1-antitrypsin deficiency panniculitis results 20.38 folliculitis 26.22, 26.23 microstomia, recessive generalized treatment 99.43 skin cancer treatment 20.35, 20.36, 20.37 furuncle 26.23, 26.24, 26.25 severe dystrophic epidermolysis hyperpigmentation 88.27 squamous cell carcinoma 142.30–2 staphylococcal scalded skin bullosa 71.17 laser treatment 23.14 high-risk 142.30–2 syndrome 26.28 microtia 108.4, 108.5 oral 110.66 training 20.40 folliculitis 113.9 microvascular filtration rate 105.2–3 polyarteritis nodosa induction 102.30 wound repair 20.38

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moisturizers monoclonal plasmacytic ulcerative lichen sclerosus differential Mucha–Habermann disease keratolysis exfoliativa treatment 87.25 stomatitis 110.56 diagnosis 112.7–8 febrile ulceronecrotic 135.4 recessive X-linked ichthyosis 65.6 monocyte(s) 8.21–3 limited type 57.11–12, 57.13, 57.14 see also pityriasis lichenoides rosacea 91.12 high-power microscopy 3.31 linear 57.17–20, 57.19, 57.21, 117.12–13 mucin 59.1 xerosis cutis treatment 87.27 histamine activity 8.47 deep atrophic 57.20 mucinoses, cutaneous 59.1–18 mole phobias 86.20 wound healing 10.2, 10.3 lupus panniculitis differential classification 59.1, 59.2 molecular genetics 1.8 monocyte chemotactic proteins diagnosis 99.36 dermal 59.2–15 see also genetics/genetic factors (MCPs) 8.38 management 57.26–8, 57.29 focal 59.14–15 molluscipoxvirus 31.25 monocyte-derived receptors 8.23 mixed type 57.20 oral lesions 110.24 molluscs, stings 131.3–4 monogenic autoinflammatory nodular 57.13–14 follicular 59.15–17, 107.7 molluscum syndromes 45.1–2, 45.3, 45.4–8 outcome measures 57.24–6 of infancy 59.7 HIV infection 31.25 autoinflammatory granulomatosis of pansclerotic 57.14, 57.16–17 lupus 59.13–14 sebaceum 142.33 childhood 45.7 of children 99.13 papular 59.2–6 surgery 20.47 autoinflammatory with pathophysiology 57.6–11 papular and nodular 59.13–14 molluscum contagiosum 25.12–14 pustulosis 45.7–8 patient assessment 57.24 primary 59.1, 59.2–17 basal cell carcinoma differential definition 45.1–2 plaque 57.5 secondary 59.1, 59.2, 59.18 diagnosis 141.10 epidemiology 45.2, 45.3 disseminated 57.14, 57.15 self-healing 59.14 clinical features 25.13–14 hereditary periodic fevers 45.4–7 limited 57.11, 57.13 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.25 epidemiology 25.12 pathophysiology 45.4 post-irradiation 120.14, 147.2, 147.21 systemic manifestations 59.1–2 eyelids 109.36, 109.38 mononuclear phagocyte system predisposing factors 57.6 see also scleromyxoedema genital 111.25, 112.27 (MPS) 136.1 presentation 57.11 mucinous carcinoma 138.38–9 genital wart differential diagnosis 111.25 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) 90.20 prevalence 57.4 mucinous cysts, vulval 112.29 granuloma annulare differential mons pubis 112.2 profunda 99.13 Muckle–Wells syndrome 19.32, 42.11, 45.3, diagnosis 97.7 swollen 105.17–19 dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans 45.4, 47.11, 58.11, 58.12, 58.13 infants 117.9 montelukast, solar urticaria 127.23 differential diagnosis 137.15 amyloid A amyloidosis 153.2 investigations 25.14 mood disorders prognosis 57.23–4 cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome keratoacanthoma differential assessment 86.33 psychological manifestations 57.23 association 45.4 diagnosis 142.35 isotretinoin association 86.34–5 sarcoidosis 98.13 familial cold autoinflammatory lymphangiectasia differential see also anxiety; depression differential diagnosis 98.8 syndrome association 47.11 diagnosis 105.41 mood stabilizers 86.38 scalp 107.5, 107.6 IL-1 antagonist therapy 19.32 lymphocytoma cutis 135.9 moon facies, endocrine disorder skin sclerosing panniculitis differential infantile urticaria 117.6 management 25.14 signs 149.10 diagnosis 99.29 urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 pathophysiology 25.12–13 Mooren-type corneal ulceration, severity classification 57.20, 57.22 mucocele perforating dermatosis differential hidradenitis suppurativa squamous cell carcinoma oral 110.60–1 diagnosis 96.51 association 92.2 association 142.27 superficial primary immunodeficiency 82.2 Moraxella 26.50 subacute cutaneous lupus immunostaining 110.46 treatment ladder 25.14 Morbihan disease 91.11 erythematosus association 51.12 oral lesions 110.56 vulval 112.27 morbiliform eruptions, primary subcutaneous 57.17 mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome see molybdenum, reactions to 122.9 immunodeficiency 82.3 systemic sclerosis Kawasaki disease MOMES (mental retardation, obesity, morbillivirus 25.84, 25.85 differential diagnosis 56.15, 56.16 mucocutaneous pain syndromes 84.1–10 mandibular prognathism, eye and Morgellons syndrome 86.9–10 relationship 57.23 burning mouth syndrome 84.1–3 skin anomalies) syndrome 74.5 MORM syndrome 111.7 terminology 57.1–2 chronic scalp pain 84.9 Mondor disease 103.33–4 morphine trunk/limb variant 57.19 erythromelalgia 84.10 after breast surgery 103.33, 103.34 pruritus induction 83.12 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.6 trigeminal neuropathic pain chest wall-type 103.33, 103.34 topical 18.36 variants 57.14, 57.15, 57.16–20, 57.21 syndromes 84.5–6 involving other venous morphoea 57.1–29 morpholines 18.12 trigeminal trophic syndrome 84.6–7 territories 103.33, 103.34 anticentromere antibodies 57.7 Morquio disease 81.2, 81.3 see also post-herpetic neuralgia lymphangitis 105.51 antinuclear antibodies 57.1, 57.6–7 morsicatio buccarum 110.74 mucocutaneous venous malignancy association 147.26 associated diseases 57.5–6, 57.22 Morton neuroma 137.45–6 malformation 73.11–12 penile-type 103.33 atrophic variant 96.15–16, 96.18 Morvan disease 85.7–8 mucoepithelial dysplasia see hereditary Mongolian spot 3.39, 88.2, 88.8, 116.4, autoimmunity 57.6–7 mosaic acral keratosis 65.53 mucoepithelial dysplasia (HMD) 132.12–13 Borrelia burgdorferi 26.70 mosaicism 7.4, 7.7–8 mucoid cysts 111.26 monilethrix 68.5, 68.19, 89.11, 89.50–1 causative organisms 57.9 pigmentary 76.5, 117.12, 117.13 mucolipidoses 81.4, 81.5–6 follicular keratosis association 89.51 chemokines 57.7–8 revertant 7.8 mucopolysaccharides see trichotillomania differential classification 57.2–4 mosquito bites 34.7–8 glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) diagnosis 89.47 clinical features 57.11–12, 57.13, 57.14, hypersensitivity 25.33 mucopolysaccharidoses 81.1–4 monkey bites, herpes B virus 57.15, 57.16–20, 57.21, 57.22–3 mosquitoes 34.6 hypertrichosis 89.61 infection 25.38 complications/co-morbidities 57.22–3 moths 34.30–2 mucormycete infections, necrotizing monkeypox 25.7–8 deep 57.14, 99.12–13 clinical features of reactions 34.31–2 subcutaneous infection differential monoamine oxidase inhibitors sclerosing postirradiation panniculitis epidemiology of reactions 34.30–1 diagnosis 26.74 (MAOIs) 86.37 differential diagnosis 99.60 pathophysiology of reactions 34.31 mucormycosis 32.94 monoarthritis 154.2 differential diagnosis 57.20, 57.22 moulds 32.2, 32.3, 32.3 panniculitis 99.58 monochromator phototesting 127.33–4 disease course 57.23–4 isolate identification 32.10 rhinocerebral 110.54 monoclonal antibodies, mycosis disease damage assessment 57.26 saprophytic 32.18 mucosal melanotic lesions 132.9–12 fungoides/Sézary syndrome drug-induced 96.43 moulting, seasonal 89.8 mucosal ulceration, folate deficiency treatment 140.27 en coup de sabre 57.18, 57.19 mouth association 63.19 monoclonal gammopathy 147.23 environmental factors 57.10–11 anatomical variants 110.7 mucositis necrobiotic xanthogranuloma epidemiology 57.4–6 biology 110.3–4 oral lesions 110.55 association 136.22, 148.9 ethnicity 57.4 burning mouth syndrome 84.1–3 oral mucosa 110.8–9 normolipaemic xanthoma extracutaneous manifestations 57.22–3 Candida albicans carriage 32.56–7 radiodermatitis 24.17 association 148.9 fibrosis 57.8 eczema 41.24 mucous membrane lesions subcorneal pustular dermatosis generalized 57.14, 57.23 examination 110.4–7 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.15–16 association 49.14 genetics 57.9–10 floor examination 110.6 surgery 20.46 TEMPI syndrome association 148.12 guttate 57.11 lip-lick cheilitis 41.24, 41.29 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.26–7 of undetermined significance 148.4 head/neck variants 57.17–18 peribuccal pigmentation of toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.15–16 circulating abnormal histopathology 57.8–9 Brocq 88.15 mucous membrane pemphigoid 50.18, immunoglobulins 148.5–6 history 57.11 see also MAGIC (mouth and genital 50.23–32, 50.33, 112.19 pyoderma gangrenosum hyperpigmentation 88.20–1 ulcers with inflamed cartilage) antilaminin-332 109.27 association 148.7 immunopathology 57.7–8 syndrome; oral cavity; oral mucosa; autoantibodies 50.25 scleromyxoedema association 148.8, incidence 57.4 oral ulcers; teeth; tongue serum 50.25–6 148.9 investigations 57.24–6 mouthwashes, cheilitis 110.82–3 specificity 50.10 monoclonal IgA gammopathy, IgA keloidal 57.13–14 M-plasty 20.33, 20.34 tissue-bound 50.25 pemphigus association 50.7 lichen planus MSH2 gene mutations 142.39, 142.40 cicatricial conjunctivitis 109.25–7, monoclonal mast cell activation association 37.13 mTOR inhibitors 146.16 109.28–9, 109.29–34, 109.35, 109.36 syndrome 46.7 differential diagnosis 112.11 see also rapamycin; sirolimus cicatricial pemphigoid diagnosis 50.49

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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clinical features 50.26–30, 109.27, multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis and generalized severe recessive dystrophic antimicrobials with high activity 27.45 109.28–9, 109.29–30 arthropathy (MONA) 72.19 epidermolysis bullosa 71.26 fast-growing mycobacteria 27.43 clinical signs 50.10 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis 136.22–4, infective arthropathies 154.2–5 Mycobacterium gordonae 27.3 complications/co-morbidities 50.30 154.13 inflammatory arthropathies 154.5–8 Mycobacterium haemophilum 27.32, 27.40–1 definition 50.23 aphthous ulceration 110.41 inflammatory chondropathies 154.11–13 Mycobacterium intracellulare 27.39–40 diagnosis 50.31, 109.30 malignancy association 147.23–4 metabolic disorders 154.9–10 Mycobacterium kansasii 27.3, 27.35–6 diagnostic criteria 109.31 respiratory disorder association 151.6 osteoarthritis 154.8 28.1, 28.2, 28.3, 28.6–7 differential diagnosis 50.24, 50.29, multiple endocrine neoplasia retinoid-induced 19.38 classification 27.2 109.29–30 (MEN) 145.20, 147.25 sarcoidosis 98.6 Mycobacterium malmoense 27.3 direct immunofluorescence type 1 74.8, 147.10 scurvy 63.21–2 Mycobacterium margaritense 27.32 methods 109.30 benign symmetrical lipomatosis systemic lupus erythematosus 51.28 27.32 disease course 50.30 differential diagnosis 100.15 systemic sclerosis 56.15, 56.18 classification 27.2 epidemiology 50.23–5, 109.26 Dercum disease differential see also arthritis; rheumatoid arthritis clinical features 27.34 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita diagnosis 100.17 musculoskeletal system epidemiology 27.33 differential diagnosis 50.43, 50.45 metastases 147.10 examination 154.1–2 granuloma annulare differential fibrosis 109.27 type 2a 147.10 history taking 154.1 diagnosis 97.7 management 109.34 type 2b 72.16, 110.11, 147.10 musical instruments, skin reactions 90.24, infection 27.33–5 genetics 50.25–6 infiltrating lipomatosis of the face 123.11–12 investigations 27.34 genital lesions 50.27 differential diagnosis 100.18 mustine 18.27–8 management 27.34–5 immunostaining 110.46 malignancy association 147.10 MVK gene mutations 65.67, 142.15 pathophysiology 27.34 inflammation 109.27 multiple haemorrhagic sarcoma see Kaposi myasthenia gravis, pemphigus warty tuberculosis differential suppression 109.33 sarcoma erythematosus association 50.6 diagnosis 27.21 investigations 50.31–2, 109.30–1 multiple hamartoma and neoplasia mycetoma 32.73–6 Mycobacterium mucogenicum 27.32 lichen planus differential syndrome 153.2 bone destruction 154.5 fast-growing mycobacteria 27.43 diagnosis 112.11 storiform collagenoma association 137.3 botryomycosis differential Mycobacterium peregrinum 27.32 lichen sclerosus differential multiple lentiginoses syndrome 150.3 diagnosis 26.73 Mycobacterium scrofulaceum 27.32, 27.41–2 diagnosis 111.14, 112.7 Mulvihill–Smith syndrome differential definition 32.73 Mycobacterium smegmatis 27.32 linear IgA disease diagnosis 72.26 epidemiology 32.73 antimicrobials with high activity 27.45 diagnostic overlap 50.36 see also LEOPARD syndrome investigations 32.75 fast-growing mycobacteria 27.43, 27.44 differential diagnosis 50.36 multiple minute digitate keratoses 87.17– management 32.76 Mycobacterium szulgai 27.32, 27.42 management 50.32, 50.33, 109.31–4 18 pathophysiology 32.73–4 lichen scrofulosorum 27.26 nomenclatures 50.23 multiple mucosal neuromas 137.45 treatment ladder 32.76 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 27.1 ocular lesions 50.27–8, 50.29, 50.30 multiple myeloma mycobacteria, staining 3.10 classification 27.2 classification 50.30 acquired ichthyoses 65.40 mycobacterial infections 27.1–5 epidemiology 27.2–3 oral lesions 50.26–7, 110.45–6 circulating abnormal atypical in HIV infection 31.22 erythema induratum of Bazin pathophysiology 50.25, 109.26–7 immunoglobulins 148.5–6 biology 27.3–4 association 27.30, 99.26, 99.27 prognosis 50.30 cryoglobulins 101.13 cat scratch disease differential histopathology 27.7 secondary infections 109.32 HIV infection 31.31 diagnosis 26.61 HIV co-infection 27.3, 31.21–2 severity classification 50.29–30, 109.30 intraoral mass 110.61 classification 27.2 immunopathology 27.4 skin lesions 50.28 malignant infiltration of skin 148.4–5 diagnosis 27.4–5 lichen scrofulosorum 27.26 treatment guidelines 50.32 scleromyxoedema association 148.8, epidemiology 27.2–3 lupus vulgaris 27.21 treatment ladder 109.33, 109.33 148.9 eyes 109.41–2 metastatic tuberculous abscesses 27.18 variants 50.28, 109.27 subcorneal pustular dermatosis fast-growing 27.42–5 27.17 see also immunobullous disease association 49.14 classification 27.42–3 nucleic acid amplification tests 27.8–9 mucous membranes multiple neurofibromas 137.48 clinical features 27.43–4 papulonecrotic tuberculid 27.28 dyskeratosis congenita 77.3 multiple organ failure, epidemiology 27.43 primary inoculation tuberculosis 27.13 iron deficiency 63.24 hyperpigmentation 88.21 investigations 27.44 protective immunity 27.3–4 lichen nitidus 37.10 multiple pigment sarcoma see Kaposi management 27.45 sarcoidosis 98.4 lichen planus lesions 37.12–13 sarcoma pathophysiology 27.43 27.15 sample collection for fungal multiple pterygium syndrome 72.33 HIV infection 31.22 warty tuberculosis 27.19 infections 32.8 multiple self-healing squamous impaired cellular immunity 148.15 27.32, 27.36–9 mucous retention cyst 110.60–1 epithelioma (MSSE) 142.36–7 infectious panniculitis 99.44 clinical features 27.38 Muehrcke’s bands 152.9 generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma IRIS/IRD/IRAD 31.36 epidemiology 27.37 paired white 95.14 differential diagnosis 142.38 joint disease 154.4 giant water bug carrier 34.28 Muir–Torre syndrome 142.38–40, keratoacanthoma differential non-tuberculous 27.3, 27.32–45 investigations 27.38 147.11–12 diagnosis 142.35 classification 27.2, 27.32 management 27.39 basal cell carcinoma 141.5 multiple sulphatase deficiency oral ulcers 110.53 pathophysiology 27.37–8 clinical features 142.39–40 (MSD) 65.29 pinna 108.11 mycophenolate mofetil 19.25–7 definition 142.38 multiple symmetrical lipomatosis 100.13 sporotrichosis differential acute graft-versus-host disease 38.6 differential diagnosis 142.39 Dercum disease differential diagnosis 32.73 adverse effects 19.26–7 epidemiology 142.39 diagnosis 100.17 vulval 112.24 atopic eczema treatment 41.33 generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma multipotent stem cells 2.43 see also leprosy; tuberculosis contraindications 19.27 differential diagnosis 142.38 multisegmental lymphatic dysplasia with 27.32 dermatological uses 19.25 inheritance 147.11–12 systemic involvement 105.26, antimicrobials with high activity 27.45 discoid lupus erythematosus investigations 142.40 105.27, 105.28 fast-growing mycobacteria 27.43, 27.44 treatment 51.11 keratoacanthoma differential multisystem tumours 147.2 Mycobacterium avium dose 19.27 diagnosis 142.35 Mulvihill–Smith syndrome 72.25–6 classification 27.2 drug–drug interactions 19.27 malignancy association 147.12 progeria differential diagnosis 72.22 lichen scrofulosorum 27.26 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita management 142.40 MUM-1 3.25 Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare treatment 50.46 multiple self-healing squamous MUM1 gene expression 140.28 complex 27.3, 27.32, 27.39–40 monitoring 19.27 epithelioma differential Münchausen syndrome 86.23, 86.29–30 HIV infection 31.22 morphoea treatment 57.28 diagnosis 142.37 by proxy 86.22, 86.23, 86.30 oral ulcers 110.53 pemphigus treatment 50.8 pathophysiology 142.39 Munro microabscesses 3.38 pemphigus/pemphigoid sebaceous carcinoma 138.18 mupirocin 18.11 BCG infection of glans penis 27.11–12 treatment 19.25 sebaceous tumours 90.27, 138.16 murine typhus 26.77 classification 27.2 pharmacological properties 19.25–6 multicarboxylase deficiency Murray Williams’ warts 39.28 erythema induratum of Bazin 27.30 pre-treatment screening 19.27 testing 63.23 Muscidae 34.7, 34.8 lichen scrofulosorum 27.26 regimens 19.27 multicentric Castleman disease 25.37 myiasis 34.9 lupus vulgaris 27.21 skin cancer association 146.6 glomeruloid haemangioma 137.25 muscle strength, dermatomyositis 53.8 primary inoculation tuberculosis 27.12, systemic lupus erythematosus IgG4-related disease differential muscle tumours 137.55–8 27.13 treatment 51.36 diagnosis 148.14 137.57–8 27.32 Mycoplasma 26.75 Kaposi sarcoma association 139.5 musculoskeletal disease 154.2–15 antimicrobials with high activity 27.45 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.17 lichen planus 37.13 autoinflammatory disorders 154.10–11 erythema induratum of Bazin 27.30 vulval infection 112.25 paraneoplastic pemphigus cutaneous adverse reactions to fast-growing mycobacteria 27.43, 27.44 Mycoplasma fermentans, Behçet disease association 148.8 antirheumatic therapies 154.14–15 Mycobacterium fortuitum 27.32 association 48.2

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Mycoplasma pneumonia-associated myeloproliferative disorders malignant transformation 132.21 definition 75.2 mucositis (MPAM) 119.17 purpura 101.11–12 management 132.22 epidemiology 75.3 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 12.2, 26.75 transient, neonatal pustulosis 116.8 multiple 132.18 management 75.8–9 mycoses see fungal infections MYH-associated polyposis, pilomatricoma nomenclature 132.18 pathophysiology 75.3–4 mycosis fungoides 140.1, 140.2, 140.4–15, association 138.13 pathophysiology 132.18–20 variants 75.6–8 140.24–7 myiasis 34.8–12 penile 111.6 congenital melanocytic 75.9–15, 132.15, annular erythema of infancy differential cavitary 34.11 acral 132.23–4 132.16–17, 132.18 diagnosis 47.7 classification 34.8, 34.9–11 agminated naevomelanocytic 132.17 clinical features 75.11–14 aphthous ulceration 110.40 clinical features 34.11 anaemicus 88.37 complications/comorbidities 75.13–14 atypical cutaneous lymphoproliferative cutaneous 34.11 angora hair 75.19 definition 75.9 disorder 31.32 Dipteran larvae 34.8 apocrine 75.5–6 epidemiology 75.9 cell of origin 140.2, 140.3 furuncular 34.11–12 atypical 132.42–4, 132.45–6, 132.46–7 facial features 75.14 chromosomal abnormalities 140.20–1 investigations 34.11 clinical features 132.44, 132.45–6, genetics 75.11 chronic superficial scaly dermatitis management 34.11–12 132.46 giant 85.9 differential diagnosis 39.27 migratory 34.11, 34.12 definition 132.42, 132.44 hydrocephalus 75.14 clinical features 140.9–14 wound 34.11, 34.12 diagnostic criteria 132.44 hypertrichosis 89.62 definition 140.4 myocardial infarction (MI), complex differential diagnosis 132.44 investigations 75.14 diagnostic criteria 140.7 regional pain syndrome disease course 132.44, 132.46 leptomeningeal disease 75.15 differential diagnosis 140.12 association 85.13 epidemiology 132.42 management 75.14–15 pathological 140.7 myoclonus epilepsy and myopathy genetics 132.43–4 melanoma association 75.10, 75.11, disease course 140.12–14 with ragged red fibres (MERFF) genital 112.32 75.13–14, 75.15 epidemiology 140.4 syndrome 81.9 investigations 132.46 melanoma predisposition 143.2 epidermotropic 140.17 Dercum disease differential laser treatment contraindication 23.14 melanosis 75.13 erythrodermic 140.19–20 diagnosis 100.17 management 132.46–7 neuroid proliferations 75.12 extracutaneous disease subcutaneous lipomatosis melanoma predisposition 143.3 neurological abnormalities 75.13, 75.15 pathology 140.7–8 association 100.14 nomenclature 132.42 nodules 75.10, 75.12, 75.15 follicular mucinosis association 107.7 myoepithelioma, cutaneous 138.33–4 pathophysiology 132.42–4 pathophysiology 75.9–11 folliculotropic 140.10, 140.11 myofibroblast(s) prognosis 132.44, 132.46 severity 75.12–13 gene abnormalities 140.21–2 high-power microscopy 3.32 severity classification 132.44 speckled lentiginous naevi differential genital 111.34 keloid 10.9 superficial spreading diagnosis 132.17 HTLV-1 140.4 wound healing 10.7–8 melanoma 143.8, 143.9 spilus-type 75.12, 75.16–17 hypopigmented 140.10, 140.11–12 myofibroblastic tumours 137.2–19 balloon cell 132.19 variants 75.12 ichthyosiform variants 140.10–11 myofibromatosis bathing trunk 111.6 conjunctival 132.24 immunopathology 140.6–7 adult 137.42 Becker 75.19 connective tissue 75.2–3 investigations 140.14–15 infantile 96.38–9, 137.42 laser treatment 23.13–14 papular elastorrhexis 96.30 management 140.22–7 myopericytoma 137.42–3 speckled lentiginous naevi differential depigmentosus combination therapies 140.24–5 myositis diagnosis 132.17 pityriasis alba differential electron beam inflammatory 53.2 biopsy 3.2 diagnosis 39.25 radiotherapy 24.14–16 systemic sclerosis blue 132.38–40, 132.41 vitiligo differential diagnosis 88.37 radiotherapy 24.14–16, 140.24 association 56.7 clinical features 132.40 dermal 132.2, 132.21 skin-directed therapy 140.23–4 overlap 56.8 congenital 75.16 dermoscopy 144.1–2 systemic therapy 140.24–7 myositis-associated antibodies congenital melanocytic naevi dysplastic 132.42, 132.47 toxin therapies 140.26 (MAAs) 53.2, 53.10–11 differential diagnosis 75.12 melanoma predisposition 143.3 molecular pathogenesis 140.20–2 myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs) 53.2, definition 132.39 eccrine 75.5–6 pathophysiology 140.4–9 53.11 differential diagnosis 132.40 angiomatous 138.24 peripheral lymphadenopathy 140.10 myotonic dystrophy, pilomatricoma epidemiology 132.38 epidemiology 75.9 pilotropic 140.10, 140.11 association 138.13 genetics 132.39–40 epidermal 75.2 pityriasis alba differential myxoedema histological sections 3.39–40 confluent and reticulated diagnosis 39.25 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 investigations 132.40, 132.41 papillomatosis differential pityriasis lichenoides association 135.3 localized 59.11–13 malignant 132.41–2, 143.15 diagnosis 87.7 plaques 140.9–10 systemic sclerosis differential malignant blue naevus differential epidermolytic epidermal 65.13, 65.15, 75.8 poikiloderma atrophicans diagnosis 56.15 diagnosis 132.41 faun tail 138.7 vasculare 96.10 in thyroid disease 59.11–13 management 132.40 FGFR3 epidermal naevus poikilodermatous 96.10, 96.11, 140.10, variants 59.11–12 nomenclature 132.38 syndrome 75.7 140.11–12 see also pretibial myxoedema pathophysiology 132.38–40 follicular 75.3, 75.5 presentation 140.9–10 myxofibrosarcoma 137.17–18 penile 111.6 follicular naevus/naevus comedonicus prognosis 140.12–14, 140.15 myxoid cyst pigmentation 88.2 syndrome 75.7 pruritus 83.8–9 cutaneous 137.62 variants 132.40 functional sweat gland 94.7 psoriasis differential diagnosis 31.15, of lip 110.60–1 blue rubber bleb naevus genetics 75.3–4 35.18, 35.19 myxoid degeneration 3.35 syndrome 73.12–13 keratinocytic 75.3 second malignancies 140.14 myxoinflammatory fibroblastic capillary 125.8 giant congenital, melanoma arising severity classification 140.12 sarcoma 137.16–17 CHILD syndrome 65.21–3, 75.3–4, 75.7 in 143.13–14 solitary 140.10, 140.12 myxoma CLOVES syndrome 75.7 hair follicle 138.7 staging system 140.3, 140.4, 140.7–8, mucocutaneous 150.4 Cockade 132.31 halo 88.40–3, 132.28–9 140.12 oral cavity 110.61 comedo 138.4–5 clinical features 88.41–2, 132.29 T-cell clones 140.9 myxoma syndrome see Carney complex comedonicus 75.7 differential diagnosis 88.42 T-cell receptor gene analysis 140.8–9 myxovirus infections 25.84–6 common acquired 132.18–22 disease course 88.42 TCR genes 140.9 melanoma predisposition 143.3 epidemiology 88.40–1, 132.28 tinea cruris differential diagnosis 32.47 N compound 132.2, 132.18, 132.21, 132.22 investigations 88.43, 132.29 variants 140.10–12 N-acetylcysteine (NAC), trichotillomania congenital 75.1–18 management 88.43, 132.29 see also cutaneous T-cell lymphoma treatment 89.47 classification 75.2, 75.24 Meyerson naevi association 132.30 (CTCL); follicular mucinoses NADPH oxidase 8.44, 8.45 clinical phenotypic classification 75.2 pathophysiology 88.41, 132.28–9 myelodysplastic syndrome Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn connective tissue 75.17–18 variants 88.41 aphthous ulceration 110.40 ectodermal dysplasia 70.3, fat 75.17–18 vitiligo association 88.35, 88.37, 88.41 copper deficiency differential 70.13–14, 71.8 genetic classification 75.2 vitiligo differential diagnosis 88.37, diagnosis 63.28 Cole disease differential diagnosis 65.54 histological classification 75.2 88.42 perniosis 125.4 naevi melanoma arising in 143.13–14 Happle–Tinschert syndrome 75.7 pyoderma gangrenosum acneform 90.25 melanoma predisposition 143.2 hypertrichosis 89.61–2 association 148.7 acquired melanocytic 132.18–22 nomenclature 75.2–3 inflammatory linear verrucous myeloid leukaemia, pyoderma agminated 132.21 penile 111.6 epidermal 75.4 gangrenosum association 148.7 clinical features 132.20–1 phenotypes 75.1 clinical features 75.5 myeloma, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma definition 132.18 pigment 75.9–16 lichen striatus differential association 136.22 epidemiology 132.18 pilar and smooth muscle 137.55 diagnosis 37.20 myelomeningocele 85.8 eruptive 132.21 congenital epidermal 75.2–9 management 75.8–9 myeloperoxidase 8.17–18 investigations 132.22 clinical features 75.5–8 psoriasis overlap 75.5

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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intradermal 132.2, 132.18–19, 132.21 vascular 103.9, 103.10 fibromas in tuberous sclerosis systemic lupus erythematosus 51.22–3 junctional 132.2, 132.18, 132.20, 132.22 eyelid 109.48 complex 80.11 thickening 95.19 Kaposi sarcoma differential white sponge 31.33, 110.19–20 function 2.43 trauma 95.16–21 diagnosis 31.29 woolly hair 89.57 gel 95.62–3 acute 95.16–17 keratinocytic 75.3, 75.5, 75.8 naevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid genetic defects 69.1, 69.11–16 chronic repetitive 95.17–21 lentiginous 23.14 neurofibromas and ephelides genetics 95.3–4 delayed 95.17 malignant blue 132.41, 143.15, 143.19, (NAME) syndrome 101.17, glomus tumour 95.22–3 plantar keratoderma differential 143.19 147.10–11 grooves diagnosis 69.12 melanocytic 144.1 oral mucosa 110.12 longitudinal 95.10–11 tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome 67.20 acral 13.25, 132.24 naevoid basal cell carcinoma (BCC) transverse 95.11, 95.17 trichothiodystrophy 68.21 basal cell carcinoma differential syndrome 67.7, 110.25, 141.3, 141.4, growth 95.4–5 tumours under/adjacent 95.21–34, diagnosis 141.10 141.18–21, 147.7 linear 95.5 95.35 combined 132.26–7 aggressive tumours 141.19 habit tic 95.17, 95.18 benign 95.21–31 genital area 132.23 clinical features 141.18–20 Hailey–Hailey disease 95.43 malignant 95.31–4, 95.35 growth in GH therapy 149.17 complications/co-morbidities 141.19–20 half-and-half 95.14 whiteners 95.64 halo 132.28–9 definition 141.18 hereditary anonychia 69.16 Wilson disease 81.19 halo dermatitis 39.27, 39.28 differential diagnosis 141.19 hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia 67.21, 67.22 X-ray examination 95.46–8 laser treatment 23.14 epidemiology 141.18 HIV infection 31.32–3 yellow nail syndrome 95.14–15 naevoid basal cell carcinoma epidermoid cysts 134.1 hypertrophy 95.18–19 see also clubbing; onycho- entries; syndrome differential investigations 141.20 hypohidrotic ectodermal paronychia; splinter haemorrhages; diagnosis 141.19 management 141.20–1 dysplasias 67.13 subungual entries penile 111.6 nomenclature 141.18 idiopathic atrophy 95.45 nail apparatus pregnancy 115.1, 115.7 pathophysiology 141.18 imaging 95.46–53 basal cell carcinoma 95.33 recurrent 132.27–8 patient assessment 141.20 ingrowing toenails 95.19–21 biopsy 95.54, 95.57 seborrhoeic keratosis differential photodynamic therapy 22.2, 22.7 chemical cautery 95.58–60 lobular capillary haemangioma 95.21–2 diagnosis 133.3 naevoid hypermelanosis, linear and iron deficiency 63.24 melanoma 95.33–4, 95.35 shave biopsy artefacts 3.28 whorled 70.2, 70.10, 70.11–12 junctional epidermolysis bullosa 71.12, squamous cell carcinoma 95.31–2, 95.43 surgery 20.46 naevoid lesions 75.19 71.13 verrucous carcinoma 95.32 Turner syndrome 76.3 linear on penis 111.6 lichen nitidus 37.10, 95.45 Nail Assessment in Psoriasis and Psoriatic melanoma progression 143.7–8 nomenclature 75.3 lichen planus 37.12, 37.17, 95.44–6 Arthritis (NAPPA) 16.3 Meyerson 39.27–8, 132.29–30 naevoid melanoma-like melanocytic genital 112.12 nail bed 2.11, 95.3 halo naevi association 132.30 proliferations 132.35 liver disease 152.9 apparent leukonychia 95.14 mucinosis 75.18 naevus comedonicus syndrome 111.26, mal de Meleda 65.48 biopsy 95.54 nail matrix/nail bed 132.24–5 138.4 manicure instrument trauma 95.18 biting 95.17 organoid 89.49 naevus flammeus 103.9, 103.10 median canaliform dystrophy of blood supply 95.4 patterns 144.1–2, 144.3–4 naevus lipomatosus superficialis of Heller 95.10–11, 95.17 colour changes 95.13 PENS syndrome 75.7 scalp 100.23 Mee’s lines 122.2, 122.8 dermal layer 2.11 phakomatosis naevus of Ito 88.8, 132.14–15 morphology 95.5 keratins 95.4 pigmentokeratotica 75.7 naevus of Ota 88.2, 88.8, 132.13–14, 132.15 nail–patella syndrome 69.15–16 laceration 95.17 phenotype and melanoma risk 143.3 clinical features 132.13–14 Neoscytalidium infection 32.52 salmon patches 95.39, 95.40 pigment cell 75.2 epidemiology 132.13 older people 95.46 nail cosmetics 95.60–4 pigmented eyelid 109.48 pachyonychia congenita 65.44–5, 69.1, allergic reactions 95.62 eyelid 109.48 laser treatment 23.14, 132.14 69.11–12 buffing 95.64 oral mucosa 110.13 management 132.14 painful dorsolateral fissure of coatings that polymerize 95.62–3 pigmented spindle cell of Reed 132.34 naevus of Ito differential fingertip 95.38 removal 95.63 porokeratotic eccrine 75.3 diagnosis 132.15 perionychial disorders 95.35–8 cuticle removers 95.63 ostial duct 65.30, 65.32 pathophysiology 132.13 periunguium gel nails 95.62–3 Proteus syndrome 75.7 naevus sebaceous of Jadassohn 90.25–6, biting 95.17 gel polish 95.63 psiloliparus 75.18 110.19 trauma 95.38 hardeners 95.63 Reed 132.36 apocrine tubular adenoma 138.22 pigmentation with cytotoxic infection risks 95.64 ridge pattern 144.5 naevus spilus 132.17 agents 88.26 irritant reactions 95.62 Schimmelpenning–Feuerstein–Mims naevus syringocystadenomatosus pincer 95.7–8 light-cured gels 95.62–3 syndrome 73.17, 75.7 papilliferus 138.20–1 pitting 95.11, 95.39 nail cream 95.64 sebaceous 75.3, 75.5 naftifine 18.11 preformed plastic 95.63 nail-mending kits 95.63 acne vulgaris differential Nager syndrome 108.3 pregnancy changes 115.1, 115.2 preformed plastic nails 95.63 diagnosis 90.25–6 nail(s) 2.9–2.11 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 26.52 silicone rubber prosthesis 95.63 scalp 107.10 acquired ungual fibrokeratoma 95.26–7 psoriasis 35.12–14, 35.15, 95.38–43 whiteners 95.64 shave excision 20.14 acrodermatitis continua of clinical features 95.39–42 see also nail varnish speckled Hallopeau 35.41 differential diagnosis 95.41–2, 95.44 nail cream 95.64 laser treatment 23.14 allergens 95.43–4 management 95.42–3 nail disease, factitious 86.26 lentiginous 75.16–17, 132.15, alopecia areata 89.32 pathophysiology 95.39 nail dystrophy 132.17–18 attachment abnormalities 95.8–10 red lunulae 95.15 Darier disease 66.3, 66.6 spider 103.8, 103.10–12 beading 95.12 ridging 95.12 Olmsted syndrome 65.62 Spitz 132.32–8 Beau’s lines 95.11 transverse 95.17 pachyonychia congenita 69.1, 69.11 atypical 132.37 biting 95.17–18 ringworm 32.47–9 nail fold 2.10–11, 95.3 clear cell sarcoma differential blood supply 95.4 sample collection in fungal biopsy 95.54 diagnosis 137.66 buffing 95.64 infection 32.7–8 biting 95.18 clinical features 132.35–7 candidosis 32.66–7, 32.69 sarcoidosis 98.14 capillary abnormalities 54.2 congenital 75.15 chemotherapy-induced changes 120.6–8 sculptured 95.62 chemotherapy effects 120.7 definition 132.32 children 95.46 selenium toxicity 63.29, 63.30, 122.6 dermatomyositis 53.5–6 differential diagnosis 132.36 colour changes 95.12–16 shape abnormalities 95.6–8 Hutchinson sign 95.34 epidemiology 132.33 psoriasis 95.40 shedding 95.8 hypertrophy of lateral 95.38 genetics 132.34–5 cuticle 2.11 signs 95.5–16 infections 95.35–8 investigations 132.37 Darier disease 95.43 silicone rubber prosthesis 95.63 proximal nail fold Kamino bodies 3.37 dermatitis differential diagnosis 95.44 split nail deformity 95.17 capillaroscopy 95.50–3 management 132.37–8 dermatoses affecting 95.38–46 subungual keratoacanthoma 95.27–8 nail fold capillaroscopy, Raynaud nomenclature 132.32 development 2.4, 2.5, 2.9–10 superficial acral fibromyxoma 95.30 phenomenon 56.13–14 pathophysiology 132.33–5 digital myxoid pseudocyst 95.24–5, surface changes 95.10–12 nail hardeners 95.63 pigmented 132.37 95.26 surgery 95.53–4, 95.55–7, 95.57–60 nail matrix 2.10, 95.2, 95.3 prognosis 132.36–7 dominant generalized dystrophic anaesthesia 95.53 biopsy 95.54, 95.55–6 variants 132.36 epidermolysis bullosa 71.14, 71.15 avulsion 95.57–8 blood supply 95.4 surgical excision 20.46 dyskeratosis congenita 69.12–15 diagnostic 95.54, 95.55–7, 95.57 keratinocyte layers 2.11 targetoid haemosiderotic 132.31–2 dystrophy 95.7–8 excisional 95.57–60 kinetics 95.4–5 unusual morphology 132.25–32 lamellar 95.12 instrumentation 95.54 scarring 95.8 unusual sites 132.22–5 eczema 95.43–4 postoperative care 95.60 nail matrix/nail bed naevi 132.24–5

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nail plate 2.11, 95.3 natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, Epstein– metastatic disease 47.15 management 51.38–9 biting 95.17 Barr virus 25.33 nomenclature 47.13 pathophysiology 51.37 darkening in paronychia 95.37 nausea, PUVA side effect 21.12 octreotide therapy 47.15, 47.16 pregnancy 51.39 growth 2.10 Naxos disease 65.50, 65.55–6 pathophysiology 47.13–14 prognosis 51.38 infections 95.37 woolly hair 65.56, 68.6, 68.20, 89.57 severity 47.15 neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis 8.47 lichen planus 95.44 NBCCS gene mutations 141.18 treatment ladder 47.15 neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory lucency loss 95.13 Nd:YAG laser 23.6, 160.2 variants 47.14 disease (NOMID) see CINCA older people 95.46 frequency-doubled 23.6 vulval lesions 112.42–3 (chronic infantile neurological, pigmentation 95.12–13 hair removal 23.15, 160.6 necrosis 3.37 cutaneous and articular) syndrome psoriatic abnormalities 95.40 leg veins 23.10 injecting drug abuse 121.3 neonatal pemphigus 50.5 staining from nail varnish 95.61 melasma treatment 160.5–6 ischaemic following radiotherapy 24.19 neonatal progeroid syndrome 72.26 structure 95.5 tattoo treatment 23.12 necrotizing cellulitis 26.74 neonates 116.1–27 subungual abscess 95.37–8 Neapolitan nails 95.14 necrotizing fasciitis 26.13, 26.74, 116.25 acne 90.59, 90.61 nail polish see nail varnish near infrared lymphangiography 105.53, Aeromonas 26.63 adnexal polyp 116.18 Nail Psoriasis Severity Index 105.54 cellulitis differential diagnosis 26.20 alveolar ridge lymphangioma 110.10 (ANPSO) 16.3 Necator americanus 33.15 erysipelas differential diagnosis 26.20 ankyloblepharon–ectodermal defect– nail unit 2.10–11 neck eyelids 109.41 cleft lip/palate syndrome 67.17 anatomy 95.2–3 ageing of skin 155.3 gas gangrene differential atrophic lesions 116.10–11 biology 95.3–5 allergic contact dermatitis 128.16 diagnosis 26.48 bacterial infections 116.23–7 melanoma 95.33–4, 95.35, 144.8, 144.9, botulinum toxin A injection 158.7 human bites 131.6 barrier function of skin 116.1–2 144.10 fiddler’s 90.24, 123.11 injecting drug abuse 121.4 failure in collodion baby 116.20 structure 95.2–3 folliculitis keloidalis 93.3–4 perineum/perianal region 113.11 blistering disorder treatment 71.24–5 nail varnish 95.60–2, 128.15 white fibrous papulosis 96.36–7 pressure ulcer-induced 124.3 blueberry muffin baby 116.20, 148.5 allergy 128.31, 128.32 see also head and neck entries recurrent cellulitis differential bronze baby syndrome 88.49–50 cheilitis 128.16 neck, head and face, swollen 105.14–17 diagnosis 105.12 bullous impetigo 116.23 patch testing 95.61 necrobiosis 3.37 toxic shock syndrome association 26.30 candidiasis 116.27 removers 95.62 atypical of the face and scalp umbilical infection 116.25 congenital 116.27 nail-mending kits 95.63 margins 97.9–10 vulval lesions 112.24 cellulitis 116.25 nail–patella syndrome 69.15–16 rheumatoid arthritis 154.6 necrotizing infundibular crystalline circumcision 111.6–7 hyperhidrosis 94.5 scalp disorders 107.5, 107.6 folliculitis 65.69 cold injury 116.14 renal involvement 153.1 necrobiosis lipoidica 97.8–11, 99.11–12 necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis of the subcutaneous fat necrosis of the Nakajo–Nishimura syndrome see chronic annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma scalp margin 93.4–5 newborn 116.15 atypical neutrophilic dermatosis differential diagnosis 96.27 necrotizing sarcoid cold panniculitis 99.33–4, 116.14 with lipodystrophy and elevated clinical features 97.9–10 granulomatosis 151.5–6 congenital candidosis 32.67 temperature (CANDLE) syndrome definition 97.8, 99.11–12 necrotizing sialometaplasia, oral congenital erosive and vesicular Na-K-ATPase 94.2 diabetes association 64.5, 97.8 ulceration 110.56 dermatosis healing with reticulated NALP-3 inflammasome 8.2 differential diagnosis 97.9–10 necrotizing subcutaneous supple scarring 116.8–9 NAME (naevi, atrial myxoma, myxoid discoid lupus erythematosus differential infections 26.73–5 congenital syphilis 116.26 neurofibromas and ephelides) diagnosis 51.9 clinical features 26.74 evaluation 29.33–4 syndrome 101.17, 147.10–11 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 definition 26.73 congenital tuberculosis 116.26–7 oral mucosa 110.12 epidemiology 97.8–9 differential diagnosis 26.74 cryopyrin-associated periodic NAP-2 (CXCL7) 8.39 investigations 97.10 epidemiology 26.73–4 syndrome 45.4 napkin dermatitis 117.3 management 97.10–11 investigations 26.74 dominant/recessive dystrophic bullous infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis necrobiotic xanthogranuloma management 26.74–5 dermolysis 71.14, 71.15–16 differential diagnosis 117.2 differential diagnosis 99.17 pathophysiology 26.74 eccrine sweating 116.2 persistent 117.4 pathophysiology 97.9, 99.12 variants 26.74 ecthyma gangrenosum 116.26 psoriasiform 40.3 rheumatoid nodule differential nectinopathies 2.19 epidermal barrier 41.25 narrow-band UVB, plaque psoriasis 35.25 diagnosis 99.15, 99.16 nectins 2.19 epidermolysis bullosa nasal cavity, extranodal NK/T-cell sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 93.10, needlestick injuries, surgical 20.8 treatment 71.24–5 lymphoma 140.36–7 98.8, 98.10, 98.13 negative-pressure wound therapy fetal varicella syndrome 116.22 nasal glioma 137.52 scalp 107.5, 107.6 (NPWT), pressure ulcers 124.8 fungal infections 116.27 nasal inflammation/mucosal subcutaneous granuloma annulare 30.3 gonococcal ophthalmia 30.3, 30.4 necrosis 121.3 differential diagnosis 99.14 inflammatory arthritis 154.4 harlequin ichthyoses 65.7, 65.8 nasal inverting papillomas 25.57 ulceration 97.10, 97.11 Neisseria meningitidis 26.48–9, 26.50 herpes simplex virus 25.22–3, 116.21–2 nasal mucosa necrobiotic granuloma inflammatory arthritis 154.4 epidermolysis bullosa differential allergens 128.18 granuloma annulare 97.2, 97.9 serotypes 26.49 diagnosis 71.23 radiodermatitis 24.17 palisading 97.2, 97.3 Nékam disease 37.11, 37.18 HIV infection 116.23 nasal vestibule, bacterial flora 26.5 rheumatoid nodule differential nelfinavir, drug eruptions 31.18 hypohidrotic ectodermal naso-labial fold, radiotherapy for skin diagnosis 99.16 Nelson syndrome 88.18, 88.19 dysplasia 67.13 cancer 24.10–11 necrobiotic xanthogranuloma 97.10, oral hyperpigmentation 110.66 impetigo 26.15 naso-palpebral –coloboma 99.17–18, 136.21–2, 148.9–10 nematocysts 131.1, 131.2 infections 116.21–7 syndrome 74.8 clinical features 99.17 nematode infections 33.1–23, 33.24 jaundice 116.10 nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Epstein–Barr differential diagnosis 99.17 human nematodes 33.1–17 keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness virus-associated 25.34 investigations 99.17–18 nematodes of other animals 33.17–23, syndrome 65.31 nasopharyngitis, congenital syphilis 29.28, malignancy association 147.22 33.24 listeriosis 26.45, 116.25–6 29.29 pathophysiology 99.17 see also named nematode species and lupus erythematosus 115.5, 115.6, nasopharynx, extranodal NK/T-cell plane xanthoma differential conditions 116.12–13 lymphoma 140.36–7 diagnosis 62.5 neoangiogenesis 103.1 Malassezia pustulosis 116.27 natal cleft 113.3 necrolysis 3.37 neomycin, topical 18.11, 128.29 Marfan syndrome 72.16 National Guideline Clearinghouse 17.7 necrolytic acral erythema, HCV neonatal cephalic pustulosis 90.61, 116.27 medallion-like dermal dendrocyte National Institute for Health and Care association 25.65, 152.5 differential diagnosis 90.62 hamartoma 116.10–11 Excellence (NICE) 17.7 necrolytic migratory erythema 47.13–15, neonatal ichthyosis–sclerosing cholangitis medical procedure complications 116.10 natural gene therapy 7.8 47.16, 147.19 (NISCH) 65.35, 65.36 medical trauma hair loss 89.45 natural killer (NK) cell(s) 8.15–16, 8.31 clinical features 47.14–15 neonatal lupus erythematosus 51.37–9, necrotizing fasciitis 116.25 atopic eczema 41.11 definition 47.13 115.5, 115.6, 116.12–13 Neu–Laxova syndrome 65.34 chemokine expression 8.16 differential diagnosis 47.14 annular erythema of infancy differential noma neonatorum 116.26 cytokine secretion 8.16 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10, diagnosis 47.7 nomenclature 116.1 IFN role 8.34 149.13 cardiac involvement 150.4 omphalitis 116.25 inhibitory receptors for MHC class I epidemiology 47.13 clinical features 51.37–8 oral cavity 116.4 proteins 8.16 erythema multiforme differential complications/co-morbidities 51.38 orbital cellulitis 116.25 innate immunity 8.16–17 diagnosis 47.5 definition 51.37 pemphigus vulgaris 116.11 natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma, genital 111.19 differential diagnosis 51.38 percutaneous absorption 116.2 transplacental transfer of maternal glucagonoma 145.19–20 disease course 51.38 postmature 116.4 disease 116.14 glucagonoma syndrome 152.6 epidemiology 51.37 prematurity complications 116.9 natural killer (NK) cell receptors 8.16–17 investigations 47.15 investigations 51.38 preorbital cellulitis 116.25

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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primary herpetic Neu–Laxova syndrome 65.34 neurokinin A 85.2, 85.3 adhesion 8.18 gingivostomatitis 25.16 collodion baby differential neurolabyrinthitis, late congenital defects 82.16 progeria 79.2 diagnosis 116.20 syphilis 29.32 chemotaxis defects 8.18 116.21, 116.26 restrictive dermopathy differential neuroleptics, hyperprolactinaemia deficiencies 8.18 pustular eruptions 116.7 diagnosis 72.20 induction 149.15 differentiation defects 82.15–16 pustulosis of transient neural tube defects, folate deficiency 85.9 neurological disease 85.1–4 functional defects 8.18–19, 82.15 myeloproliferative disorder 116.8 neurilemmoma 137.46–8 Adamantiades–Behçet disease 48.6, high-power microscopy 3.31 raised linear bands of infancy 116.18 neurodegeneration, xeroderma 48.10 inflammatory disease role 8.18 116.10 pigmentosum 78.5–6 bullous pemphigoid association 50.11 mediators 8.17–18 scleredema neonatorum 99.57 neurodermatitis 86.13 burning feet syndrome 85.16–17 pyoderma gangrenosum 49.2 sebaceous glands 116.2–3 circumscribed 39.28–30 complex regional pain syndrome 85.12– Sweet syndrome 49.8 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 65.29–30 neurodevelopmental disorders, self- 14 tissue damage 8.18 skin appearance 116.3–4 injury 8.53 DRESS syndrome association 119.6 wound healing 10.2, 10.3 skin cleansers 116.2 neuroectoderm 2.3 gustatory hyperhidrosis 85.15–16, neutrophil lysosomal granules 8.17 skin disorders 116.4–27 neuroendocrine markers 3.20 94.7–8 , glucocorticoid therapy skin function 116.1–3 neuroendocrine signalling 149.9 hereditary sensory and autonomic effects 19.21 staphylococcal cold abscesses of the complexity 149.7–8 neuropathies 85.10–12 neutrophilic dermatoses 49.1–17 large folds 116.24–5 neuroendocrine stimuli 149.6–7 Horner syndrome 85.14–15 acute febrile 49.6 staphylococcal scalded skin neuroendocrine stress response oral manifestations 110.92 inflammatory bowel disease syndrome 26.28 systems 149.8 pigmentation 88.21 association 152.2 subcutaneous fat disorders 116.14–17 neurofibromas 80.1 pruritus 83.13 CCR1 role 8.39 toxic erythema of the newborn 116.4–5, cutaneous 80.3, 80.4 restless leg syndrome 85.16–17 cutaneous vasculitis differential 116.8 diffuse 137.49 retinoid-induced 19.39 diagnosis 102.4 toxic substance transfer in maternal hypertrichosis 89.62 spinal cord injury-associated of dorsal hands 49.9, 49.11, 148.6 milk 116.14 mast cells 80.2 dermatoses 85.10 eccrine hidradenitis 120.1, 120.2 transepidermal water loss 116.2 multiple 137.48 spinal dysraphism 85.8–10, 113.4 malignancy association 147.23 transient pustular melanosis 116.7 NF1 80.1, 80.2, 80.3 sympathetic nerve injury 85.12 pathergy 49.8, 49.13 transplacental transfer oral 110.26 syringomyelia 85.7–8 respiratory disorder association 151.5 of maternal autoantibodies 116.11–14 plexiform 80.3, 137.48–9 vitamin E deficiency 63.11 rheumatoid 154.7–8 of maternal malignant sarcomatous change 80.4 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.5–6 see also bowel-associated dermatosis– disease 116.14 solitary 137.48 neuromas arthritis syndrome; pyoderma trichothiodystrophy 65.33 vulval 112.30 amputation stump 137.45 gangrenosum; subcorneal pustular umbilical bacterial flora 26.5 neurofibromatosis 80.1–5, 80.6–7, 80.7–9 epithelial sheath 137.53 dermatosis; Sweet syndrome viral infections 116.21–3 carbon dioxide laser incisional MEN type 2b 147.10 neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis 94.13–14, vitamin K deficiency bleeding 63.12–13 surgery 23.18 Morton 137.45–6 148.7 see also collodion baby; preterm cutis laxa differential diagnosis 96.20 multiple mucosal 137.45 drug-induced 148.7 infants; ; freckles 88.16 solitary circumscribed 137.46 neutrophilic lobular panniculitis 99.48–50 staphylococcal scalded skin mechanical properties of skin 123.5 neuromediators 8.49–53, 149.6 definition 99.48 syndrome; subcutaneous fat segmental 80.5 neuromuscular blockers, anaphylactic neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis 44.2, necrosis of the newborn type 147.8 reactions 118.7 45.4 Neoscytalidium 32.51–3 neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) 74.8, neuromuscular hamartoma 137.45 neutrophil–macrophage colony-forming diagnosis 32.9 80.1–5, 80.6–7, 80.9, 147.8, 150.3 neuromuscular tissues, glucocorticoid unit (NM-CFU) 136.1 Neoscytalidium dimidiatum 32.52–3 clinical features 80.1, 80.2–4 adverse effects 19.19 neutrophil-specific granule deficiency 82.2 Neoscytalidium hyalinum 32.52, 32.53 Dercum disease differential neuron-specific enolase 3.20 nevirapine 31.11 nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy diagnosis 100.17 neuropathic pain 8.50 drug eruptions 31.18 diabetes association 64.7 diagnosis 80.4 management 84.5 NF1 gene mutations 80.1–2, 80.4, 80.7, gadolinium radiocontrast agent diagnostic criteria 80.3 neuropathic ulcer 85.4–7 80.8 association 153.5 diffuse neurofibroma 137.49 clinical features 85.5 somatic mosaicism 80.5 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.6 disease course 80.4 definition 85.4 niacin deficiency 63.15–17, 88.24 nephrogenic systemic fibrosis 96.40–2, gene 80.1–2 epidemiology 85.4 iron deficiency differential 153.4–5 genetic counselling 80.5 healing 10.2 diagnosis 63.24 clinical features 96.41–2 inheritance 147.8 investigations 85.5, 85.6 niacinamide definition 96.40 investigations 80.4 management 85.6–7 antioxidant activity 156.2 epidemiology 96.40–1 with juvenile xanthogranuloma/juvenile pathophysiology 85.4 erythema elevatum diutinum investigations 96.42 chronic myeloid leukaemia 80.5 severity classification 85.5 treatment 102.10 management 96.42 Legius syndrome 80.8 neuropeptide(s) 8.2, 85.2 128.14, 128.19–21 pathophysiology 96.41 leukaemia association 148.12 receptors 90.19 avoidance 128.20–1 systemic sclerosis differential malignancy association 147.8 stress role 8.50 cheilitis 128.16 diagnosis 56.15, 56.16 malignant peripheral nerve sheath neuropeptide Y 85.3 chemistry 128.19 nephrotic syndrome tumour 137.54 neurosarcoidosis 98.6 clinical features 128.20 secondary dyslipidaemia 62.11 management 80.4–5 neurosyphilis 29.17, 29.18 clioquinol combination with topical zinc deficiency 63.26 Manchester checklist 80.4–5, 80.6–7 asymptomatic 29.18 corticosteroids 18.18 nerve blocks 20.12 meningothelial heterotopias 137.52 gummatous 29.19 contact dermatitis 128.63 facial 20.3–4 multiple neurofibromas 137.48 late congenital syphilis 29.32 decline 128.2 nerve damage, surgical 20.2 naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome meningeal 29.18–19 delayed-type hypersensitivity 8.60 nervous system, systemic lupus differential diagnosis 141.19 tabetic 29.17, 29.19, 29.20 dietary intake 128.20 erythematosus 51.29 oral lesions 110.26 neurothekeoma 137.50 ear piercing complications 108.7 Néstor–Guillermo progeria, pathophysiology 80.2 cellular 137.50–1 hand eczema 128.8, 128.20 mandibuloacral dysplasia plexiform neurofibroma 137.48 oral cavity 110.61 incidence 128.19 differential diagnosis 72.25 prognosis 80.4 neurotic excoriations, linear IgA disease occurrence 128.19 Netherton syndrome 8.5, 68.6, 68.21 renal involvement 153.1 differential diagnosis 50.36 patch tests 128.21, 128.67–8 bamboo hair 89.53–4 respiratory disorder association 151.5 neurotransmitter-affecting peptides 156.4– prevalence 128.19 collodion baby 116.19 uncombable hair syndrome 89.57 5, 156.10 prognosis 128.21 epidemiology 146.2 neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) 80.1, 147.8 neurotrophins, itching in skin disease 83.7 regulatory measures 128.76 ichthyosis linearis circumflexa 89.53 meningiomas 147.8 neurovascular disorders 103.6–8 risk 128.11 kallikrein role 8.42 neurofibromatosis–Noonan neutral lipid storage disease with sensitivity 128.5 peeling skin syndrome differential syndrome 80.7–8 ichthyosis 65.32–3 capacity 128.10 diagnosis 65.27 neurofibromin 80.2 clinical features 65.32–3 hand eczema predisposition 128.8 pili torti 68.6 metabolic bone defect in NF1 80.3 collodion baby 116.19 systemically reactivated allergic contact differential diagnosis 68.20 neurofibrosarcoma 137.54 management 65.33 dermatitis 128.59 SPINK5 polymorphisms 8.21, 8.56 neuro-ichthyotic syndromes 65.27–34 neutropenia therapies 18.18, 128.21 89.53 palmoplantar keratodermas with periungual toe infections 95.37 urticaria 42.8, 47.8 trichorrhexis nodosa 89.53 neurological manifestations 65.64 retinoid-induced 19.39 nicorandil trichothiodystrophy differential neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) 83.6 neutrophil(s) 8.17–19 perianal ulceration 113.8, 113.9, 114.5 diagnosis 78.11 cutaneous vasodilatation 106.1 activation by TNF 8.35 ulceration around stomas 114.5–6, 114.7

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nicotinamide 18.36 granulomatous slack skin disease Noonan with multiple lentigines hereditary 74.3–5, 74.6, 74.7, 74.8 acne therapy 90.48–9 association 140.18 syndrome see LEOPARD syndrome hidradenitis suppurativa nicotinic acid 5.2 Kaposi sarcoma association 139.5 noradrenergic and specific serotonergic association 92.2 acquired ichthyoses 65.41 necrobiotic xanthogranuloma antidepressants (NaSSAs) 86.36, hyperlipidaemia-related skin topical 18.36 association 136.22 86.37 disease 64.3 nicotinic acid esters 129.8 paraneoplastic pemphigus norepinephrine 8.52 immunological dysregulation 100.25–6 nicotinic stomatitis 110.17 association 50.6 normolipaemic xanthoma 148.9–10 Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 nidogen 2.24–5 pigmentation 88.20 normophosphataemic familial tumoral lipoedema differential diagnosis 100.20, Niemann–Pick cells, sphingolipidoses 81.7 skin cancer 146.3 calcinosis 81.19–20 100.21 Niemann–Pick disease 81.6–7 skin involvement 148.4 North American blastomycosis, anthrax lymphoedema 105.19–20 nifedipine systemic lupus erythematosus differential diagnosis 26.44 massive localized 105.24 hand–arm vibration syndrome association 147.21 Norton scale for pressure ulcers 124.5 risk factor 105.19 treatment 123.25 Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome 147.13 nose, radiotherapy for skin cancer 24.10– mechanical problems 100.25 Raynaud phenomenon treatment 125.9– non-immune contact urticaria 129.8–9 11 monogenic 10 non-Langerhans cell histiocytoses 136.11– notalgia paraesthetica 88.31 with cutaneous features 74.3–6, 74.7 nifurtimox, trypanosomiasis 26 pruritus 83.8, 83.13 without cutaneous features 74.3–4 treatment 33.40 dendritic cell origin 136.12–20 Notch signalling 2.45 physiological consequences 100.25 night blindness 87.14 non-dendritic cell origin 136.20–6 melanocytes 2.18 Prader–Willi syndrome 74.6 Nijmegen breakage syndrome 82.11, non-mast cell haematological disorder, NOTCH1 and NOTCH2 mutations 142.26 psoriasis association 35.21 148.13 mastocytosis association 46.2, 46.3, Nottingham Eczema Severity Score pyoderma gangrenosum association 49.2 Nikolsky sign 50.18, 119.15, 123.2, 123.3 46.6, 46.10 (NESS) 16.3 skin tags 111.5 pemphigus vulgaris 50.4–5 non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) 142.1 NRAS gene mutations 75.2, 75.11 striae 96.10 nipple Bowen disease differential NRAS mutated melanoma 143.31–3 swollen breast 105.23, 105.24 eczema 138.42 diagnosis 142.19 nuchal fibroma 137.12 vanishing penis syndrome 111.7 erosive adenomatosis 138.22 drug induced 154.15 nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) 8.10 Objective Severity Assessment of Atopic hyperkeratosis 65.71 economic burden 6.5–6 activation Dermatitis (OSAAD) score 16.3 Paget disease 138.40–2 HIV infection 31.30–1 by α-MSH 8.52 obsessive–compulsive disorder 86.10–20 nitric oxide (NO) 8.44, 8.45–6 immunosuppressive drug- by TLRs 8.14 acné excoriée 86.15–16 complex formation 8.46 induced 146.3–4 ectodermal dysplasias 67.7–8 body dysmorphic disorder 86.10–13 pathophysiology in skin 8.45 inflammatory bowel disease 146.5 nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) essential health anxieties 86.20 production regulation 8.45 malignancy association 147.23 modulator (NEMO) 67.7, 67.10, lichen simplex chronicus 86.13, 86.14 topical therapy 18.36–7 mortality 5.8 70.11, 82.16 nodular prurigo 86.13, 86.14 nitric oxide (NO) derivatives 8.2 PUVA nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway-related olfactory reference syndrome 86.8 nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 8.44, 8.46 lentigines association 132.8 primary immunodeficiencies 82.16 onychophagia 86.19 inducible 8.46 patient follow-up 21.15 nuclear hormone receptors 14.4, 14.5 86.19 nitrite 18.37 side effect 21.13 nucleic acid amplification tests, cutaneous skin picking disorder 86.14–15 nitritoid reaction, gold 122.4 treatment 31.31 tuberculosis 27.8–9 trichotillomania features 89.45–6 nitrofurantoin 31.34 UVB, patient follow-up 21.15–16 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors see also trichotillomania; trichotillosis nitrogen mustard, topical 18.27–8, 140.23, xeroderma pigmentosum 78.3 (NRTIs) 31.9, 31.10 OCA2 gene mutations 70.6 140.29 see also basal cell carcinoma (BCC); lipodystrophy 31.19–20 occipital horn syndrome 72.6, 72.12, 72.13, nitrogen oxide, inhalation injury with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) side effects 31.10 79.7, 81.18–19 burns 126.4 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich copper deficiency 2.36 nivolumab 143.30 inhibitors (non-NRTIs) 31.9, 31.10 repeat (NBS-LRR) proteins 8.15 occludins 2.20, 8.56 Nocardia 26.81–2, 32.73 side effects 31.10 nucleotide excision repair (NER) 9.5–6 occupational disorders 1.8, 5.10, 130.1–15 26.81–2 nonsense read-through drugs, Cockayne syndrome 78.7 acne 90.56–9 NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization- epidermolysis bullosa 71.30 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.2, 78.3, of chemical origin 130.10–12 domain protein)-like receptors 8.2 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 78.4, 78.5, 78.6 acroosteolysis 95.47 NOD (nucleotide-binding oligomerization- (NSAIDs) null hypothesis 17.20 acrylate allergy 128.50 domain protein) proteins 8.15 actinic keratosis treatment 142.8, 142.9 numb chin syndrome, malignancy actinic keratosis 142.2 NOD2 gene mutations 45.7 adverse drug reactions 154.14 association 147.23 alkali tests 130.5 nodular fasciitis 96.40, 110.61, 137.4–5 eosinophilic pustular folliculitis number needed to treat (NNT) 17.10–11, allergens 128.5, 130.6, 130.7–10 nodular fibrosis, subepidermal 137.19 treatment 93.8 17.14–15 allergic contact dermatitis 128.12, nodular granulomatous phlebitis 99.9 exanthem induction 118.1, 118.2 nutrition/nutritional deficiencies 128.76, 130.5–10 nodular lymphangitis 105.51 fixed drug eruption 118.12 angular cheilitis 110.80 clinical features 130.6 , tuberculous 27.31 frostbite management 125.3 burns and hypermetabolic response definition 130.5 Noggin 2.4 hypersensitivity reactions 12.2 management 126.10 epidemiology 130.5 noma neonatorum 116.26 photoallergic contact dermatitis 128.78 generalized severe recessive dystrophic investigations 130.6–7 NOMID (neonatal onset multisystem phototoxicity 127.28, 129.10 epidermolysis bullosa 71.25–6 management 130.7–10 inflammatory disease) see CINCA pseudoporphyria induction 60.19 hair colour changes 89.71 occupational irritant contact (chronic infantile neurological, psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.45 hyperpigmentation 88.23–5 dermatitis differential cutaneous and articular) syndrome skin cancer protection 146.7 mineral deficiencies 63.23–31 diagnosis 130.3, 130.6 non-ablative fractional resurfacing stabilization 46.9 pressure ulcers pathophysiology 130.5 (NAFR) 160.8 Sweet syndrome treatment 49.12 prevention 124.5–6 arsenic toxicity 122.2 non-accidental injury 117.13, 117.14 urticarial eruptions 42.14, 42.16, 47.7, treatment 124.6 chemical burns 129.12 chemical burns differential 118.7 see also malnutrition; protein–energy chemical depigmentation 88.45 diagnosis 129.12 urticarial vasculitis treatment 44.5 malnutrition; vitamin entries chloracne 90.12 irritant contact dermatitis differential non-syndromic autosomal dominant nympho-hymenal tears 112.40–1 collier’s stripes 88.53 diagnosis 129.6 hypotrichoses 68.15–16 nystatin 18.12 contact dermatitis with arsenic non-adherence to treatment 11.6–7 non-syndromic autosomal recessive candidosis treatment 18.12, 32.61 toxicity 122.2 psychological factors 11.4 hypotrichoses 68.5, 68.16 dermatitic potential measurement 130.5 non-bullous ichthyosiform non-syphilitic spirochaetal ulcerative O dermatitis studies 128.5 erythroderma 116.19 balanoposthitis 111.23 oak moss 128.53 diagnosis 4.4 non-dendritic cell disorders 136.1, 136.2, non-tuberculous mycobacteria see obesity 100.25–6 dyspigmentation 130.12–13 136.9–11 mycobacterial infections, non- abdominal wall lymphoedema 105.21 causative chemicals 130.12 non-epidermolytic palmoplantar tuberculous acanthosis nigricans association 87.3, 87.4 epidemiology 128.3 keratoderma 65.46–9 Noonan syndrome 80.8, 80.9, 132.3, 150.3 atopic eczema association 41.7 epoxy resin allergy 128.48–9 transient aquagenic keratoderma chylous reflux 105.41 benign symmetrical lipomatosis exposure period 130.3 differential diagnosis 65.55 intestinal lymphangiectasia 105.42 differential diagnosis 100.15 fragrances 128.26 types 65.46 lymphoedema 73.21 chronically swollen leg 105.6, 105.8 hairdressers 128.31 non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) 99.4 with multiple lentigines 80.8, 80.9 cold panniculitis 99.34 hand eczema 39.13, 130.2 non-Hodgkin lymphoma with neurofibromatosis 80.7–8 Dercum disease 100.15, 100.26 hypothenar hammer syndrome 123.12 acquired ichthyoses 65.40 oral lesions 110.25 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.13 irritant contact dermatitis 129.2, 130.1–5 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma swollen face, head and neck 105.15 endocrine dysregulation 100.25–6 clinical features 130.3 association 140.5 woolly hair 68.20 epidemic 99.1, 99.3 definition 130.1 erythroderma 39.32 see also LEOPARD syndrome genetic disorders 100.26 epidemiology 130.2

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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investigations 130.3–4 oedematofibrosclerotic leprosy differential diagnosis 28.12 biology 110.3–4 management 130.4–5 panniculopathy 100.23 management 33.6, 109.43 cancer 110.32–9 occupational allergic contact Oedemeridae 34.29 microfilariae 33.2 causative organisms 110.34 dermatitis differential oesophageal cancer, tylosis 65.59, 110.19, nomenclature 33.1 erythroplasia 110.72 diagnosis 130.3, 130.6 147.7 pathophysiology 33.2 investigations 110.37 pathophysiology 130.2–3 oesophageal dysmotility 51.29 presentation 33.2–5 malignant transformation risk 110.35, skin protection programme 129.8 oesophageal sphincter, prognosis 33.5 110.36 leukoderma 130.12–13 dermatomyositis 53.9, 53.10 treatment ladder 33.6 management 110.37–8 causative chemicals 130.12 oesophagus variants 33.5 oral submucous fibrosis mouth cancer 110.35 disorders 152.1–4 oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) gene 58.8 predisposition 110.57 Mycobacterium kansasii infection 27.35 generalized severe recessive dystrophic Onychocola canadensis 32.55 risk factors 110.33 Mycobacterium marinum infection 27.34 epidermolysis bullosa 71.17, onychocryptosis 95.19–21 second cancer risk 110.34 nickel allergy 128.20 71.25–6 onychocytes 2.11 severity classification 110.36–7 occupation types 130.2–3 squamous cell carcinoma 152.1 onychodermal band 2.11 sites 110.36 onycholysis 95.9 17-oestradiol 145.19 onychodystrophy, chemotherapy- Compositae allergy 128.52 palmar fascial fibromatosis 96.32 Oestridae 34.10–11 induced 120.7 erosions in reactive arthritis 154.2 patch tests 130.6–7 oestrogen 95.18–19, 95.20 examination 110.4–7 perforating dermatosis 96.51 ingestion and porphyria cutanea tarda onycholysis 95.9–10 immunity 110.4 prevention 130.3–4 risk 60.13 allergic contact dermatitis 128.61 infections 110.91–2 psoriasis 130.1, 130.2 menopausal ageing of skin 155.4 chemotherapy-induced 120.7 lumps 110.58–63 saltpetre disease 96.28 papulopustular acne treatment 90.43 dermatophyte-induced onychomycosis neonates 116.4 scrotal carcinoma 111.31–2 pigmentation effects 88.7 differential diagnosis 32.49 pigmented lesions 110.64–8, 143.13, skin cancers 130.13–14 oestrogen-producing tumours 145.19 idiopathic 95.9 143.14 skin prick test 130.6–7 oil beetles 34.29 lichen planus of nail bed 37.12 red lesions 110.68–73 surveillance 128.5 oil folliculitis 130.14 psoriatic 95.9, 95.39–40 Sjögren syndrome 55.7 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.19 oil hyperkeratosis 130.14 secondary 95.9–10 soreness without ulceration 110.63–4 systemic sclerosis 56.13, 96.42, 96.43 oil in water systems 18.7 onychomadesis 95.8, 95.11 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.16, transepidermal water loss oil shale, occupational skin cancers 130.14 onychomatricoma 95.28–30 119.17, 119.18 measurement 130.5 oil syndrome 90.58 onychomycosis management 119.20 UVR exposure 9.13 ointments 18.2, 18.9 Candida 31.32, 32.61 swellings 110.58–63 warts 25.46, 25.50 older people candidosis 32.67 systemic disease wood allergy 128.54–5, 128.56–7, 128.58 actinic keratoses 142.2 confocal microscopy 95.49 manifestations 110.89–92 workplace visits 130.3–4 adverse drug reactions 14.7 dermatophyte-induced 32.47–9 tissue elasticity loss 110.56–8 see also hand–arm vibration syndrome age effects on drug therapeutic causative organisms 32.48 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.16, 119.18 ochronosis 88.51–2 outcomes 14.7 clinical features 32.48–9 management 119.20 endogenous 88.51–2 angiosarcoma of the face/scalp 137.36 differential diagnosis 32.49 vascular proliferative lesions 110.72 exogenous 88.51–2 asteatotic eczema 39.10 distal and lateral subungual 32.48 white lesions 110.73–8 treatment 18.28, 88.52 atypical fibroxanthoma 137.22 endonyx 32.49 see also lips; mouth; teeth; tongue octopus stings 131.4 botulinum toxin A injection 158.8 epidemiology 32.48 oral commissures 110.3 octreotide therapy, necrolytic migratory erosive pustular dermatitis of management 32.49 oral contraceptives erythema 47.15, 47.16 scalp 107.11 mixed 32.49 acne association 90.11 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 128.37 lentigo maligna melanoma pathophysiology 32.48 antibiotics interactions 90.42 ocular medications, causing presentation 143.9–10, 143.11 patterns 32.47 hyperoestrogenism 145.19 dermatitis 128.15 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.2 proximal subungual 32.49 melasma 88.10 ocular rosacea 109.10, 109.11 nails 95.46 superficial 32.48 papulopustular acne treatment 90.43 oculocerebral syndrome with onychomycosis 95.46 totally dystrophic 32.49 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.30 hypopigmentation 70.9 polypharmacy 14.7 treatment ladder 32.49 oral disease oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome pruritus of senescence 83.13 differential diagnosis 95.44 generalized severe recessive dystrophic encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis psoriasis 35.18 Down syndrome 76.2 epidermolysis bullosa 71.25 differential diagnosis 100.19 skin disease prevalence 6.1 HIV infection 31.26, 31.32 scurvy 63.21 MIDAS syndrome differential systemic lupus erythematosus 51.30 non-dermatophyte moulds 32.53–6 oral dysaesthesia see burning mouth diagnosis 67.25 wound healing 10.2, 10.10 identification 32.53 syndrome oculocutaneous albinism 70.6–8 olfactory reference syndrome 86.8–9 Onychocola canadensis 32.55 oral epithelium 110.3 basal cell carcinoma 141.5 olive oil 18.6 superficial 32.55 oral hair 110.21 classification 70.2, 70.6 Ollier disease 73.15 older people 95.46 oral hairy leukoplakia 25.33 clinical features 70.6–7 Olmsted syndrome 65.61–3, 110.19 sample collection 32.7–8 oral hyperkeratosis syndrome 110.18 genetics 70.6 perianal keratotic plaques 113.4 Scopulariopsis brevicaulis 32.54–5 oral hyperpigmentation, HIV Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome 82.14 omalizumab 19.34, 109.18–19, 109.19, Trichophyton rubrum 31.32 infection 31.33 investigations 70.7–8 109.23 yellow-nail syndrome differential oral hypoglycaemic drugs, allergic management 70.8 atopic eczema treatment 41.12, 41.33 diagnosis 105.34 reactions 64.4 pathophysiology 70.6 recurrent angio-oedema without onychopapilloma 95.16, 95.31 oral leukokeratoses, plantar prenatal diagnosis 7.9 weals 43.5 onychophagia 86.19, 95.17–18 keratoderma 69.12 variants 70.7 urticaria treatment 19.34, 42.18 onychoptosis defluvium 95.8 oral mucosa oculocutaneous tyrosinaemia 65.63–4 omega 3 fatty acids 156.4 onychoschizia 95.12 biology 110.3 oculodentodigital dysplasia polymorphic light eruption onychotillomania 86.19, 95.17–18, 95.38 junction with teeth 110.4 syndrome 68.7, 68.17 management 127.8 O’Nyong–Nyong fever 25.76 oral mucosa disorders 110.7–9 oculoectodermal syndrome 100.19 omega 6 fatty acids 156.4 ophthalmia neonatorum 30.3, 30.4 acquired 110.26–56 oculomucocutaneous syndromes 110.31 Omenn syndrome 82.7–8, 148.17 ophthalmic zoster 25.28–9 Darier disease 66.3, 66.7 odds ratio 5.13, 17.10, 17.17 candidosis association 148.15 HIV infection 31.23 eosinophilic ulcer 110.27 Odland bodies 2.6 eczematous lesions 41.9 ophthalmoganglionar complex 33.39 genetic 110.9–26 odonto-onychodermal dysplasia 65.58, omphalitis 116.25 ophthalmomyiasis 34.12 lumps 110.7–8, 110.9–11 65.61, 67.7 Onchocerca volvulus 33.1, 33.2, 61.1 opioid(s) NF1 80.3 oedema blindness 109.42 drug eruptions 118.3 orocutaneous syndromes 110.21–6 acute haemorrhagic in infancy 117.9–10 life cycle 33.3 restless legs syndrome pigmented lesions 110.8, 110.11–13 ano-genital 111.35 onchocerciasis 33.1–6, 109.43 management 85.17 psoriasis 35.14, 35.15, 110.78 eyelids 105.15, 105.16 atrophic scars 96.11 opioid peptides, itching in skin red lesions 110.8–9, 110.13–16 head and neck in DRESS causative organism 33.2, 109.43 disease 83.6 swellings 110.7–8, 110.9–11 syndrome 119.8 clinical features 33.2–5 optic nerve glioma, NF1-associated 80.3 vesiculoerosive 110.16–17 laryngeal 151.2 complications/co-morbidities 33.5 optic neuropathy, Menkes disease 63.27 viral infections 110.7, 110.8 lips 105.15, 105.16 definition 33.1 optical coherence tomography 95.48–9 white lesions 110.9, 110.17–20 pharyngeal 151.2 differential diagnosis 33.5 oral administration of drugs 14.2 see also aphthous stomatitis; oral ulcers pregnancy 115.2 epidemiology 33.2 oral allergy syndrome 42.13, 110.61 oral submucous fibrosis 110.56–7 swollen face, head and neck 105.14–17 genital 111.24 oral cavity 110.2 oral ulcers 110.26–56 venous insufficiency 105.7 HIV infection 31.28 allergic reactions 128.18 aphthous in Behçet disease 48.7 see also lymphatic(s), oedema investigations 33.5–6 anatomical variants 110.7 deficiency glossitis 110.64

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oral ulcers (continued) Menkes disease differential oxyhaemoglobin 23.6 perineal/perianal 113.32 eosinophilic ulcer of oral diagnosis 63.28 oxymetazoline 91.13 photodynamic therapy 22.13–14 mucosa 110.27 variants 72.10 pressure ulcers 124.3 Felty syndrome 110.16 osteoid osteoma, radiography 95.48 P PUVA side effect 21.12 gold therapy 122.3–4 osteolyses, inherited 72.19 P value 5.13 referred in external ear 108.28 granulomatosis with polyangiitis 102.25 osteoma cutis 90.36 P13κδ deficiency 82.13 rest 103.4 herpetiform in arsenic toxicity 122.2 osteoma mucosae 110.61 p53 gene family 67.8 restless legs syndrome 85.17 HIV infection 31.33 osteomalacia DNA damage 9.8 scalp dysaesthesia 107.14 immune deficiency 110.17 RAS gene mosaicism 75.7–8 melanocytes 88.7 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.21 local aetiology 110.27–30 vitamin D deficiency differential sunburn cell formation regulation 9.6 sympathetically maintained 85.14 management 110.27 diagnosis 63.10 p63 transcription factor 2.3, 2.45 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.21 prognosis 110.27 osteomyelitis ectodermal dysplasias 67.8–9 varicella-zoster virus 31.23 recurrent 110.27 Acinetobacter 26.50 pachydermatoglyphy 147.15–16 vulval 112.39–40 systemic disease association 110.39–56 chronic recurrent multifocal 45.8 pachydermia oralis see white sponge see also mucocutaneous pain syndromes; see also aphthous stomatitis mycetoma differential diagnosis 32.75 naevus neuropathic pain orbicularis muscle 110.3 pressure ulcer-induced 124.3 pachydermodactyly 96.36 painful hereditary callosities (PHC) 65.46 orbicularis oris muscle, botulinum toxin A scarlet fever association 26.35 knuckle pads differential painter’s colic 122.4–5 injection 158.6, 158.7 syphilitica 29.30, 29.31 diagnosis 96.35, 96.36 paints 18.2 orbital cellulitis 116.25 osteopenia, vitamin D deficiency 154.13–14 palate examination 110.7 orf 25.9–11 differential diagnosis 63.10 cutis verticis gyrata differential palisaded neutrophilic and granulomatous brucellosis differential diagnosis 26.59 osteoporosis diagnosis 107.9 dermatitis (PNGD) 51.30 cowpox differential diagnosis 25.9 generalized severe recessive keloid association 96.47 palladium 128.16, 128.23 external ear 108.15 dystrophic epidermolysis primary hypertrophic , pressure ulcers 124.8 giant 25.10 bullosa 71.26 osteoarthropathy 72.31–2 Pallister–Killian syndrome 75.14 milker’s nodule differential mastocytosis association 46.3, 46.10 pachyonychia congenita 65.44–6, 67.3, palmar erythema 147.24, 152.9 diagnosis 25.11 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.28 67.3, 69.1, 69.11–12 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 monkeypox differential diagnosis 25.8 vitamin D deficiency differential blistering 71.24, 123.9 palmar fascial fibromatosis paronychia 95.36 diagnosis 63.10 classification 69.1 camptodactyly differential vulval lesions 112.27 otitis externa 108.15–19, 128.16 clinical features 65.45, 69.1, 69.11–12, diagnosis 96.38 organ transplantation acute 108.17 110.19 investigations 96.32 actinic keratosis prevalence 142.2 diffuse 108.15, 108.19 definition 65.44, 69.1 keloid association 96.47 children 146.4 localized 108.15, 108.19 and epidermolytic ichthyosis 71.23 management 96.32, 96.33 ciclosporin use 19.11, 19.12 bullous 108.18 hidradenitis suppurativa palmar fibromatosis 137.13 HPV infection/warts in recipients 25.63 causative organisms 108.17 association 92.2 fascial 96.31–3 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.2 chronic 108.16, 108.17–18, 108.19 investigations 65.45 epidemiology 96.31–2 penile cancer complication 111.30 clinical features 108.17–19 keratin location 95.4 pathophysiology 96.32 post-transplant lymphoproliferative definition 108.15 management 65.45 palmoplantar erythrodysaesthesia 120.1, disorder 140.47–8 epidemiology 108.16–17 nomenclature 65.44 120.2 radiotherapy for skin cancers 24.14 granular 108.18 oral lesions 110.19 palmoplantar hyperkeratosis skin cancer hypertrophic 108.18 pathophysiology 65.44–5, 69.1 autosomal dominant 110.19 immunosuppressive drug therapy- investigations 108.19 resources 65.45–6 focal 110.18 induced 146.3–4, 146.9 management 108.19 steatocystoma multiplex association 134.4 palmoplantar hypokeratosis, management 146.13 necrotizing 108.16, 108.17, 108.19–21 type 2 90.27 circumscribed 65.70–1 pre-transplant 146.14–15 causative organisms 108.20 Paederus 34.29 palmoplantar keratodermas (PPKs) 65.2, screening/surveillance 146.17–18 chronic otitis externa differential paediatric dermatology 65.20, 65.42–64, 71.24 trichodysplasia spinulosa 87.14, 87.15 diagnosis 108.18, 108.20 historical aspects 1.8 acquired 65.42, 65.64–6 organic mercurials 128.39 clinical features 108.20–1 see also children cancer 65.58–60 organic solvents 96.42 definition 108.19 Paget disease 147.6–7 and cardiomyopathy 65.55–6 Orientia tsutsugamushi 26.79 differential diagnosis 108.18, 108.20 diagnosis 3.19–20 clinical pattern 65.42–3 Ornithonyssus 34.52 epidemiology 108.20 extramammary 138.42–3, 147.6–7 Cole disease 65.54 orocutaneous syndromes 110.21–6 investigations 108.21 ano-genital 111.32–3 definition 65.42–3 oro-facial and cutaneous herpes, management 108.21 ano-genital psoriasis differential diagnosis 65.43 recurrent 25.18–20 pathophysiology 108.20 diagnosis 111.9 in ectodermal dysplasia 65.61–3 oro-facial gangrene 116.26 pathophysiology 108.17 clinical features 138.42–3 epidermolytic 65.43–4, 96.34 oro-facial granulomatosis 97.11, 97.12, severity classification 108.18 definition 138.42 focal 65.49–51, 147.7 105.16, 105.17, 128.18 variants 108.18 epidemiology 138.42 hearing impairment 65.56–8 aphthous ulceration 110.41–2 otomandibular syndrome 108.28 management 138.43 hyperhidrosis 94.5 dental material allergy 128.61 otomycosis 32.17–18, 108.16, 108.21–2 pathophysiology 138.42 Mal de Meleda 65.46, 65.47–9 granulomatous cheilitis differential clinical features 108.22 perianal 113.20 management 65.51 diagnosis 110.86 definition 108.21 photodynamic therapy 22.7 marginal papular keratoderma 65.53–4 sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 98.2 epidemiology 108.21–2 vulval 112.36–7 mitochondrial with hearing oro-facial–digital syndrome management 108.22 Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential impairment 65.57–8 type 1 153.2 91.8 diagnosis 136.6 morphology 65.43 orokeratosis striata lichenoides 37.11 Oudtshoorn disease 65.66–7 of the nipple 138.40–2, 147.6 mtDNA mutation 81.10 oro-pharyngeal cancer 110.32 outer root sheath (ORS) 2.9 clinical features 138.41–2 neurological manifestations 65.64 oro-pharynx ovarian tumours, hirsutism 89.65 definition 138.40 non-epidermolytic 65.46–9 dermatomyositis 53.9, 53.10 ovariectomy, hypo-oestrogenism 145.19 differential diagnosis 147.6 transient aquagenic keratoderma HIV infection 31.29, 31.33–4 overgrowth syndromes epidemiology 138.40 differential diagnosis 65.55 Oropouche virus 25.72 lymphatic malformations 105.35 histopathological markers 147.6 types 65.46 Oroya fever 26.62–3 see also CLOVES (congenital management 138.42 non-syndromic 65.42, 65.43–55 orthopaedic implants, metal 128.59 lipomatous overgrowth, vascular pathophysiology 138.40–1 ophthalmic manifestations 65.63–4 Orthoptera 34.30 malformations, epidermal naevi pagetoid reticulosis 140.16–17 painful hereditary callosities 65.46 osmidrosis 94.15–16 and skeletal/spinal anomalies) Paget–Schröetter syndrome 105.13 plantar 69.1, 69.11 osseous choristoma 110.61 syndrome; Klippel–Trenaunay pain punctate 65.51–2 osseous neoplasms, radiography 95.48 syndrome; Proteus syndrome complex regional pain syndrome 85.12– with/without ectopic osteoarthritis 154.8 overlap syndrome see mixed connective 14 calcification 65.54 psoriatic arthritis differential tissue disease cryosurgery 20.43 sex reversal and cancer 65.59–60 diagnosis 35.44 oxalate embolus 101.16–17 diagnosis 4.2–3 spiny keratoderma 65.52–3 osteoarthropathy, secondary oxandrolone, burns treatment 126.10–11 erythromelalgia 103.7 spiny palmoplantar keratosis 65.70 hypertrophic 95.7, 147.17 oxazolidinones 19.43 genital 111.35 striate 65.49–51 osteochondritis, congenital syphilis 29.30, oxidative stress 8.44, 9.5 chronic pain syndrome 111.36 clinical features 65.50–1 29.31 irradiated cells 120.14 high-intensity focused definition 65.50 osteogenesis imperfecta 72.9–11 vitiligo 88.36 ultrasound 160.12 investigations 65.51 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome oxybutynin, hyperhidrosis inflammation 8.1–2 pathophysiology 65.50 association 72.1 treatment 94.9 necrotizing otitis externa 108.20 syndromic 65.42, 65.55–64

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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transient aquagenic lupus 99.35–8, 140.31 papulopustular reactions, chemotherapy- orf 95.36 keratoderma 65.54–5 calcifying 51.12 induced 120.3–4 selenium toxicity 122.6 woolly hair association 65.55–6 hemifacial 96.18 parabens 18.8, 128.37 subacute, psoriasis 95.41 see also pachyonychia congenita sclerosing post-irradiation panniculitis contact allergy 118.4 syphilitic 29.10, 29.13, 29.28 palmoplantar psoriasis, smoking differential diagnosis 99.60 Paracoccidioides brasiliensis 32.89, 32.90 see also herpetic whitlow association 5.2–3 subacute cutaneous lupus paracoccidioidomycosis 32.89–90 parotid duct 110.6 palmoplantar pustulosis 35.37–40 erythematosus association 51.12 clinical features 32.89–90 parotid glands 110.6 acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau malignancy association 147.21 genital 111.24 injury and gustatory sweating 94.7, 94.8 association 35.41 neutrophilic lobular 99.48–50 investigations 32.90 sarcoidosis 98.6 clinical features 35.38–40 pancreatic 99.8, 99.38–41 management 32.90 paroxysmal finger haematoma 96.16–17, definition 35.37 pancreatic disease association 152.6 pathophysiology 32.89 101.6 differential diagnosis 35.39 pentazocine 99.47 paradise nuts 122.6 Parry–Romberg syndrome 57.18, 96.17–18 disease course 35.40 post-irradiation 120.14 paraffinoma 99.47, 123.20 partners, skin disease impact epidemiology 35.37–8 poststeroid 99.35, 99.55–6 paragonimiasis 33.24, 33.28, 33.29 measurement 16.7 investigations 35.40 clinical features 99.55 Paragonimus 33.28 parvovirus infection 25.66–7 management 35.40 investigations 99.55–6 parakeratosis 3.38 arthritis 154.2 pathophysiology 35.38 management 99.56 actinic keratosis 142.2, 142.3 fifth disease 117.6 prognosis 35.40 povidone 99.47 Bowen disease 142.17 HIV infection 31.25 reactive arthritis 154.2 sclerosing postirradiation 99.59–61 parakeratosis pustulosa 117.4 papular-pruritic gloves and socks severity classification 35.39 septal 99.6, 99.7 acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau syndrome 25.87, 31.25 variants 35.38–9 suppurative 99.46–7 differential diagnosis 35.42 systemic sclerosis 56.11 palmoplantar venous malformation 73.13 traumatic 99.51–2 psoriasis 95.41 PASH (pyoderma gangrenosum, acne pamidronate 99.55 variants 99.8 paraneoplastic hypertrichosis lanuginosa conglobata and suppurative panatrophy of skin 96.7, 96.17 see also α1-antitrypsin deficiency acquisita 147.17 hidradenitis) syndrome 90.54 pancreatic disease 152.5–6 panniculitis; erythema nodosum; paraneoplastic pemphigus 2.19 Pasint syndrome 96.40 adenocarcinoma 152.6 lupus erythematosus, profundus; lichen planus association 37.13 PASS (pyoderma gangrenosum, DRESS involvement 119.9 named disorders and conditions; oral lesions 110.47 acne conglobata, suppurative pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours sclerosing panniculitis; subcutaneous respiratory disorder association 151.6–7 hidradenitis and seronegative MEN1 association 147.10 panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma paraneoplastic skin conditions 147.14–18, spondyloarthritis) syndrome 90.54 necrolytic migratory erythema 47.13 panniculopathy, 148.6–10 pastes 18.2 TNM staging classification 47.15 oedematofibrosclerotic 100.23 paraphenylenediamine (PPD) 89.73 Pasteurella multocida 26.57, 131.5 pancreatic panniculitis 99.8, 99.38–41 panthenol 156.2 paraphimosis 111.3 patatin-like phospholipase 65.10 associated disorders 99.40 Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) 26.8, 26.9 incomplete 111.14 patch testing 4.23, 128.1, 128.64–73 clinical features 99.39–40 ano-genital Staphylococcus aureus paraproteinaemia 110.61 active sensitization 128.72 differential diagnosis 99.40 infection 112.23 135.6–8 allergen storage 128.66 epidemiology 99.38 folliculitis 113.9 chronic superficial scaly aluminium 128.24 investigations 99.40–1 necrotic skin lesions 26.6 dermatitis 39.26–7 baseline series 128.69–70 management 99.41 furuncle 26.24, 26.25 large plaque 135.6, 135.7–8 children 128.6 pathophysiology 99.39 PAPA (pyogenic sterile arthritis, pityriasis lichenoides association 135.3 chromium 128.23 pancreatitis pyoderma gangrenosum and acne) small plaque 135.6–7 cobalt allergy 128.22 acute 152.6 syndrome 90.9 parasitic diseases complications 128.71–2 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 acne conglobata association 90.54 cestodes 33.29–33 compound allergy 128.69 pangeria see Werner syndrome acne fulminans association 90.50–1 IgE in protective immunity 8.54–5 concentration 128.65–6, 128.71 pannexins 2.19 papillary haemangioma 137.26 nematodes 33.1–23, 33.24 cosmetics 128.32 panniculitis 51.9, 99.6–8 papillary hidradenoma 112.31, 138.21–2 ocular 109.42–3 cross-reactions 128.73 α1-antitrypsin deficiency 99.8 papillary hyperplasia 110.61 protozoa 33.33–52 diagnosis 128.2 biopsy 3.2 papillary intralymphatic topical therapy 18.13 dose 128.66 calcification of muscle/deep tissue 99.38 angioendothelioma 137.34–5 trematodes 33.24–8, 33.29 eczema 39.5–6 chemotherapy-induced 99.46 papillary tip microabscesses 3.38 parasitophobia 86.4, 95.18 exposure time 128.66 classification 99.7–8 papilloma 3.37 parathyroid hormone (PTH) 145.21–2 false negative reactions 128.68–9 cold 99.33–5, 116.14, 125.4 oral 110.61 paratoluenediamine (PTD) 89.73 false positive reactions 128.67–8 cosmetic fillers 99.48 papillomatosis 3.37 parechovirus 25.79, 25.80, 25.83 fragrances 128.26–7 cytophagic histiocytic 99.58–9 florid cutaneous 147.16 parenteral administration of drugs 14.2 gold 128.24 definition 99.6 florid oral 110.38 Parents’ Index of Quality of Life in Atopic hair dyes 128.42 Dercum disease differential vestibular 112.3–4 Dermatitis (PIQoL-AD) 16.6 hand eczema 39.17 diagnosis 100.17 see also confluent and reticulated Parkes Weber syndrome 73.3, 73.4, 103.20, indications 128.64 dermatomyositis-associated 53.8, 99.36, papillomatosis 103.25–7 interpretation 128.67–8 99.38 papillomatous dermatitis, chronic 114.13, capillary malformations 73.5–6 marking of test site 128.66 factitious 99.45–8 114.112 clinical features 103.27 mercury 128.24 causative organisms 99.46 management 114.113 definition 103.25–7 methods 128.64–6 clinical features 99.46–7 Papillon–Léfèvre syndrome 65.58, 65.61, 65.62 epidemiology 103.26 multiple positive reactions 128.72–3 definition 99.45–6 neutrophil differentiation defects 82.16 investigations 103.27 multiple primary investigations 99.47–8 papular and nodular mucinosis in Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome 128.72–3 management 99.48 connective tissue diseases 59.13–14 differential diagnosis 103.25, 103.27 nail varnish 95.61 pathophysiology 99.46 papular elastorrhexis 96.30 management 103.27 nickel allergy 128.21 fungal 99.58 pseudoxanthoma elasticum differential pathophysiology 103.26–7 non-invasive measurement gouty 99.57–8 diagnosis 72.30 Proteus syndrome differential techniques 128.68 hereditary 74.9 papular epidermal naevus with diagnosis 103.27 non-specific hyperreactivity 128.72 HIV infection 31.20 ‘skyline’ basal cell layer (PENS) Parkinson disease occupational disorders 130.6–7 infectious 99.43–5 syndrome 75.4–5 hyperhidrosis 94.5 photoallergic contact dermatitis 128.79– causative organisms 99.43–4 naevi 75.7 seborrhoeic dermatitis 107.1 80 investigations 99.44–5 papular facial rashes 90.31–2 paronychia photosensitivity diseases 127.34–5 pancreatic panniculitis differential papular mucinosis 59.2–6 acute 95.35 plant allergens 128.53–4 diagnosis 99.40 of infancy 59.7 psoriasis 95.41 population studies 128.4 pathophysiology 99.43–4 malignancy association 147.22 surgery 95.58 quenching 128.69 injecting drug abuse 99.47 see also lichen myxoedematosus candidosis 32.66–7, 32.69 readings 128.67–8 leukaemia cutis differential papular pruritic eruption of HIV 116.23 chronic 95.36–7 recording 128.67 diagnosis 140.49 papular syphilide 29.10, 29.11, 29.12–13 differential diagnosis 95.44 relevance 128.68 lipoatrophic of the ankles in papular xanthoma 136.15–16 surgery 95.58, 95.59 sensitivity 128.72 childhood 99.52–3 papular-pruritic gloves and socks dermatophyte-induced onychomycosis sources of error 128.68–9 lobular 99.6, 99.7, 99.33 syndrome 25.37, 25.66, 25.87 differential diagnosis 32.49 test materials 128.64–5 pancreatic panniculitis differential parvovirus infection 25.87, 31.25 drug-induced 95.36, 95.38 test site 128.66 diagnosis 99.40 papules, orf 25.10 erythema multiforme 95.36 test substance selection 128.69–71 localized lipodystrophy secondary papuloerythema of Ofuji, great toe of infants 95.36 topic medicaments 128.29, 128.31 to 100.11 erythroderma 39.33–4 herpetic 95.35–6 vehicles 128.65, 128.71

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patched gene (PTCH) mutations 67.7 acantholysis 50.3 Hallopeau type 50.6 heterotopic sebaceous glands 93.11, Paterson–Brown–Kelly syndrome 152.1 acetylcholine receptor antibodies 50.3 heroin abuse 121.3 111.5 pathergy 123.2 antibodies 50.3 immunopathology/ hypoplasia 111.7 bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis apoptolysis 50.3 immunogenetics 50.2 Kaposi sarcoma 111.33 syndrome 49.13 bullous pemphigoid differential Neumann type 50.6 lichen nitidus 111.16 Sweet syndrome 49.8 diagnosis 50.21 oral lesions 110.47 lichen sclerosus 111.13 pathogen-associated molecular patterns clinical features 50.2, 50.4–7 pemphigus vulgaris differential lipogranuloma 111.8 (PAMPs) 8.2 cytodiagnosis 3.25–6 diagnosis 50.7 lymphoedema 105.17–19 pathogenesis-related protein 10 desmoglein compensation pemphigus vulgaris 50.4–5 melanosis 111.34 (PR10) 42.13 hypothesis 50.2 clinical features 50.2 metastases 111.34 diagnosis 123.3 differential diagnosis 50.7 mutilation 111.8 innate lymphoid cell role in differential diagnosis 50.7 fixed drug eruption differential pilonidal sinus 111.19 response 8.26 disease course 50.7 diagnosis 118.12 complications 111.35 macrophage role in killing 8.23 drug-induced 50.4 immunopathology/ psoriasis 35.12 patient(s) environmental factors 50.4 immunogenetics 50.2 Raynaud phenomenon 111.19 beliefs about skin conditions 11.7, 11.7 epidemiology 50.1 mucous membrane pemphigoid rupture 111.7 education 15.3 epidermolysis bullosa differential differential diagnosis 50.29 sclerosing lymphangitis 105.51, 111.8 empowerment 15.3–4 diagnosis 71.23 neonatal 116.11 squamous cell carcinoma 111.29–31 Patient Benefit Index (PBI) 16.3 familial benign chronic 24.6 oral lesions 110.46–7 lichen sclerosus complication 111.15 patient education, systemic therapy 19.2 genetics 50.3–4 pregnancy 115.5–6 strangulation 111.8 Patient Generated Index 16.6 genital 111.19 vulval, clinical features 112.19 tinea 111.23–4 Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure HSV infection 25.16 penciclovir 18.13 trauma 111.7–9 (POEM) 16.3 IgA 50.7, 110.47–8 penetration enhancers tuberculosis 111.23 Pautrier microabscesses 3.38 pemphigus vulgaris differential agents 18.3 variants 111.5–6 P-cadherin 2.4 diagnosis 50.7 topical drug delivery 18.6, 18.7–8 penodynia 84.8–9 mutations 2.19 subcorneal pustular dermatosis penicillamine peno-scrotal swelling 111.21–2 PECAM-1 8.12 differential diagnosis 49.15 cutaneous sclerosis induction 96.43 PENS (papular epidermal naevus PEComa 137.63–4 immunofluorescence studies 3.18 pemphigus association 50.4 with ‘skyline’ basal cell layer) pedal papules of infancy 117.14 immunostaining 110.46 penicillin 19.42 syndrome 75.4–5 26.41 investigations 50.7–8 drug-induced serum sickness-like naevi 75.7 Pediculus capitis 34.18–20 lichen planus association 37.13 reaction 118.8, 118.9 pentamidine Pediculus corporis 34.21 malignancy association 147.22 eczema induction 118.4 drug eruptions 31.17, 31.18 Pediculus humanus 34.16–17, 88.24 management 50.8–9 exanthem induction 118.1 trypanosomiasis treatment 33.40 peeling skin syndromes 65.26–7 mycophenolate mofetil therapy 19.25 reactions to 29.26 Pentatomidae 34.28 acral 65.27 radiotherapy 24.6 recurrent cellulitis management 105.12 pentazocine 96.43 type A 65.26 neonatal 50.5 syphilis treatment 29.25 panniculitis 99.47 type B 65.26–7 oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8, 110.46–8 congenital disease 29.34, 29.35 ulcers 123.20 pellagra 63.16–17, 88.24 paraneoplastic 2.19, 50.3, 50.6, 147.21, penicilliosis 31.27, 31.28 pentoxifylline 127.13 acanthosis nigricans differential 148.8 Penicillium marneffei see Talaromyces peptide histidine methionine diagnosis 87.5 clinical features 50.2 marneffei (PHM) 85.3 epidemiology 5.2 differential diagnosis 50.7 penile carcinoma 111.29–31 peptide hormones 149.2, 149.4 pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) immunopathology/ classification 111.30 peptides 156.10 Chlamydia infection 30.11–12, 30.15 immunogenetics 50.2 clinical features 111.30, 111.31 antiageing products 156.4–5 gonococcal 30.4, 30.7, 30.7 lichen planus association 37.13 epidemiology 111.29 peptidoglycans 26.5 PELVIS syndrome 111.7 mucous membrane pemphigoid investigations 111.31 perchlorethylene 96.42 pembrolizumab 143.30, 143.31 differential diagnosis 50.29 management 111.31 perennial allergic conjunctivitis 109.15, pemphigoid oral lesions 110.47 pathology 111.30 109.16, 109.17, 109.19, 109.23 anti-105 kDa antigen 50.52 pemphigus vulgaris differential pathophysiology 111.29–30 perforating dermatoses 96.49–53 anti-type IV collagen 50.51 diagnosis 50.7 prognosis 111.31 acquired 96.49–51 dermatitis herpetiformis differential respiratory disorder risk factors 111.29, 111.30 definition 96.49 diagnosis 50.53 association 151.6–7 verrucous 111.32 epidemiology 96.50 erythema multiforme differential pathophysiology 50.2–4 penile fibromatosis 96.33–4, 137.13–14 pathophysiology 96.50–1 diagnosis 47.6 prognosis 50.7 penile haematoma 111.7 clinical features 96.50–1 HSV infection 25.16 radiotherapy 24.6 penile horn 111.29 definition 96.49 mycophenolate mofetil therapy 19.25 severity classification 50.7 penile intraepithelial neoplasia exogenous agent-induced 96.51 ocular 50.28 skin picking disorder differential (PIN) 111.28, 142.25 management 96.51 oral 50.28, 110.7, 110.8, 110.45 diagnosis 86.15 penile lymphoedema 111.20 variants 96.50–1 pemphigus vulgaris differential subtypes 5.4 chronic 111.21–2 perforating disorders, renal failure 153.3–4 diagnosis 50.7 target antigens 50.2 penile melanoma 111.33 96.49 stoma complication 114.6 variants 50.6–7 penile necrosis 111.4, 111.18, 111.19 perforating vein insufficiency 103.36 very rare disorders 50.49–52 pemphigus erythematosus 50.6, 50.7, 51.26 penile pearly papules 111.5 perforin 3.24, 8.31, 136.10 vulvar 50.28 seborrhoeic dermatitis differential genital wart differential diagnosis 111.25 perfumes 128.25–7 see also anti-p200 pemphigoid; diagnosis 40.4 penile thrombophlebitis 111.8 avoidance 128.26 Brunsting–Perry pemphigoid; pemphigus foliaceus 50.5–6 penile ulceration oak moss ingredients 128.53 bullous pemphigoid; bullous clinical features 50.2 herpes genitalis 25.20, 25.21 photoallergic contact dermatitis 128.78 systemic lupus erythematosus; differential diagnosis 50.7 pyoderma gangrenosum differential perianal abscess 113.25–6 cicatricial pemphigoid; endemic diagnosis 111.8 fistula formation 113.26 epidermolysis bullosa, acquisita; clinical features 50.2 tuberculosis 111.23 pilonidal sinus differential lichen planus, pemphigoides; linear immunopathology/ penis 111.4, 111.5 diagnosis 113.24 IgA disease; mucous membrane immunogenetics 50.2 acne 111.19 perianal candidosis 32.65 pemphigoid erythroderma 39.33 amyloidosis 111.20 perianal cellulitis, anal abscess differential pemphigoid gestationis 115.13–14 immunopathology/ aphthous ulcers 111.17 diagnosis 113.26 autoantibody specificity 50.10 immunogenetics 50.2 benign tumours 111.26–7 perianal dermatitis, infants 117.8 clinical features 115.13–14 pregnancy 115.5–6 biopsy 111.4 perianal disease clinical signs 50.10 seborrhoeic dermatitis differential bite injuries 111.9, 111.26 herpes simplex virus in HIV 31.22 epidermolysis bullosa differential diagnosis 40.4 Bowen disease 111.27–8 irritant contact dermatitis 129.5 diagnosis 71.23 subcorneal pustular dermatosis bowenoid papulosis 111.27–8 perianal fistula 113.26–8 immunopathology 3.18 differential diagnosis 49.15 carcinoma in situ 111.27–8 Crohn disease 113.25 investigations 115.14–15 vegetative 113.6 chronic oedema 111.21–2 pilonidal sinus differential management 115.15 pemphigus gestationis, colloid degeneration 111.27 diagnosis 113.24 pathophysiology 115.13 transplacental 116.11 drug eruptions 111.19 perianal haematoma 113.31 pruritus 83.12 pemphigus herpetiformis 50.6 embryology 111.5 perianal itching 83.14, 113.4–6 treatment ladder 115.15 pemphigus syphiliticus 29.28, 29.30 foreign bodies 111.8 perianal keratotic plaques 113.4 pemphigoid vegetans 110.46 pemphigus vegetans 50.6 giant condyloma 111.32 perianal metastases, haemorrhoids pemphigus 50.1–9, 110.31 clinical features 50.2 hair sinus 123.23 differential diagnosis 113.31

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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perianal region peripheral primitive neuroectodermal MEN type 2 association 147.10 phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase bacterial infections 113.9–11 tumour 137.54–5 pigmentation 88.20 deficiency 65.34 drug reactions 113.8, 113.9 peripheral ulcerative keratitis 92.2 phaeohyphomycosis 32.78–9 phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency 81.10– extramammary Paget disease 147.7 peripheral vascular disease 103.2 genital 111.24 11 infections 113.9–17 clinical features 103.2 phaeomelanin 88.5, 89.69 photoactivation 128.78 inflammatory dermatoses 113.6–8 hand–arm vibration syndrome phagocytes 136.1–2 photoageing 2.47, 2.48, 155.8 malignancy 113.17–20 differential diagnosis 123.24 congenital defects in function, atrophic 155.1–2 sexually transmitted diseases 113.12–17 investigations 103.3 differentiation and adhesion 82.15– collagen degradation 9.10–11 perianal skin tags 113.30–1 management 103.4 16 histological features 9.10 perianal streptococcal cellulitis 26.33–4 neuropathic ulcer 85.4 phagocytosis 136.1–2 hypertrophic 155.2 perianal ulceration 113.8, 113.9 periosis differential diagnosis 125.5 Langerhans cells 2.14 neck skin 155.3 Crohn disease differential diagnosis pyoderma gangrenosum lysosome role 8.44 PUVA side effect 21.12–13 113.25 association 49.2 phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica 132.15 quantification 155.4–5 periarteritis nodosa, oral lesions 110.55 periporitis staphylogenes and sweat gland see also Schimmelpenning–Feuerstein– skin cancer relationship 9.11 periauricular cysts/sinuses 117.12 abscesses 116.24 Mims syndrome sunscreen protection 9.12 periauricular pits/sinuses/tags 108.5 periunguium congenital epidermal 75.3 UV radiation-induced 9.10–11 peribuccal pigmentation of Brocq 88.15 biting 95.17 naevi 75.7 UVA radiation 9.11 pericytes, high-power microscopy 3.32 trauma 95.38 phakomatosis pigmentovascularis 75.22– UVB phototherapy side effect 21.11 periderm 2.3 periurethral abscess, gonococcal 30.4, 30.5 3, 132.1, 132.15 UVB radiation 9.11 perifollicular fibroma 138.15–16 perivascular cell tumours 137.42–5 heterotrimeric G-protein mosaic photoaggravated dermatoses 127.1, 127.31 , dermatophytosis 32.22 epithelioid 137.63–4 disorders 75.21 photoallergic contact dermatitis 128.77–80, perineal candidosis of infancy 32.66 periventricular nodular heterotopia, subclassifications 75.23 128.81 perineal fistulae 113.4 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 72.7 phalangeal microgeodic syndrome 95.47 clinical features 128.78–9 perineal groove 113.4 perleche see angular cheilitis phantosmia 86.8 complications/co-morbidities 128.79 perineum 113.8, 113.9 Perls Prussian blue reaction 3.8, 3.9 pharmacodynamics 14.3–6 cross reactions 128.78 anatomy 113.2 permethrin age effects 14.7 definition 128.77 bacterial flora 26.5 louse infestation treatment 18.13 clinical factors affecting 14.7–8 differential diagnosis 128.79 bacterial infections 113.9–11 rosacea treatment 91.14 pharmacogenetics 14.10–11 environmental factors 128.78 drug reactions 113.8, 113.9 scabies treatment 18.13, 34.43, 34.44 pharmacokinetics 14.1–3 epidemiology 128.77 examination 113.1 pernicious anaemia, acquired age effects 14.7 investigations 128.79–80 history taking 113.1 systemic lupus erythematosus clinical factors affecting 14.7–8 management 128.80, 128.81 infections 113.9–17 association 51.31 pharmacological interaction with immune nomenclature 128.77 necrotizing soft tissue 113.11 vitamin B12 deficiency receptors (p-i) concept 12.5 pathophysiology 128.77–8 inflammatory dermatoses 113.6–8 association 63.19 pharmacology 14.1–12 photobiology 9.1–13 investigations 113.1 perniosis 125.4–5 factors affecting therapeutic principles 9.1–5 recurrent toxin-mediated erythema peroneal muscular atrophy, leprosy outcome 14.6–11 see also photoprotection; ultraviolet 26.32 differential diagnosis 28.12 pharmacodynamics 14.3–6 radiation (UVR) sexually transmitted diseases peroxidase 3.14, 3.15 clinical factors affecting 14.7–8 photobleaching 3.11 113.12–17 peroxidase–antiperoxidase (PAP) pharmacokinetics 14.1–3 photocarcinogenesis 127.29 perineuroma 137.49–50 complexes 3.14, 3.15 clinical factors affecting 14.7–8 photochemical change, tissue optics 23.4 periocular dermatitis 18.17 peroxisome proliferator-activated terminology 14.1, 14.2 photochemotherapy (PUVA) 21.1–2 periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) stain 3.7–8, 3.10 receptor(s) (PPARs) 8.4, 8.23 pharmacovigilance registries 14.6 acute phototoxicity 21.12 periodontal disease, HIV infection 31.33 peroxisome proliferator-activated pharyngitis, streptococcal 26.10 administration 21.8–9 perionychial disorders 95.35–8 receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) phenol alopecia areata treatment 89.34 perioral dermatitis 90.29, 91.17–18 lichen planopilaris 89.37 chemical peel 159.3, 159.4 chronic actinic dermatitis corticosteroid-induced development/ signalling 149.9 depigmentation 88.45 management 127.20 exacerbation 18.17 peroxisome proliferator-activated systemic toxicity 159.12 chronic graft-versus-host disease papulopustular rosacea differential receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists, burns phenol esters 129.3 treatment 38.9 diagnosis 91.11 treatment 126.11 phenol formaldehyde resin ciclosporin-induced malignancy 19.11 perioral region persistent light reaction 127.13, 127.28 allergy 128.50–1 combination therapy 21.9–10 allergic contact dermatitis 128.15–16 persistent pigment darkening phenol-soluble modulin 26.9 contraindications 21.5, 21.6 examination 110.4–7 (PPD) 88.9 phenothiazines delivery methods 21.9 perioral ulceration, herpes simplex personalized medicines 14.10 eczema induction 118.4 eczema treatment 39.7 virus 31.22 , insensible 2.8 photoallergic contact equipment 21.3 periorbital dermatitis 41.29 pet animals dermatitis 128.78 eye protection 21.9 periorbital oedema, eyelids 109.5–6 arthropod skin disease 34.4–5 phototoxicity 129.10 granuloma annulare treatment 97.7 periorbital syringomas, carbon dioxide atopic eczema 41.28 phenothrin 18.13 historical aspects 1.8 laser ablation 23.18 protection 41.8 phenotype 7.2, 7.4 history 21.2 periostin, wound healing 10.6 flea bites 34.12, 34.13 phenylketonuria 5.10, 81.11, 81.12 indications 21.4–5 periostitis, congenital syphilis 29.31–2, petechiae phenytoin lentiginosis complication 88.17 29.33 primary immunodeficiency 82.3 cutaneous sclerosis induction 96.43 mastocytosis 46.9 peripheral artery disease 103.2, 103.3, rheumatic fever 55.8 hyperpigmentation 88.26–7 melanoma risk 143.6 103.4 petrolatum-based emollients 116.2 hypertrichosis 89.62 minimal phototoxic dose 21.9 arterial leg ulceration 104.8, 104.9, Peutz–Jeghers syndrome polyfibromatosis syndrome morphoea treatment 57.26, 57.28 104.10 Cowden syndrome differential impact 96.31–2 mycosis fungoides 140.23–4 hyperlipoproteinaemia type III 62.8 diagnosis 80.14 phenytoin hypersensitivity combination therapy 140.24–5 mixed leg ulcers 104.5, 104.7–8 lentigines 132.3 syndrome 31.17 nail psoriasis 95.42 peripheral ischaemic disorders 103.2, laser treatment 23.13 phaeomelanin 155.4 necrobiosis lipoidica treatment 97.11 103.3, 103.4 lips 110.13 Phialophora verrucosa 32.77 palmoplantar pustulosis 35.40 peripheral nerve sheath tumour, oral mucosa 110.12, 110.13 philtrum 110.3 patient follow-up 21.15–16 malignant 137.54 Peutz–Jeghers–Touraine syndrome 70.3, phimosis 111.3 patient records 21.16 peripheral neuroectodermal 70.14–15 lichen sclerosus 111.14, 111.15 patient safety 21.15 tumours 137.45–55 Peyronie disease 96.33, 111.7, 111.19, management 111.15 penile cancer risk 111.30 peripheral neuropathies 137.13–14 penile cancer risk 111.30 perioral acne complication 130.11 benign symmetrical lipomatosis P-glycoprotein system phlebolymphoedema 105.6–9 photosensitivity diseases 127.35 association 100.14 ciclosporin drug interactions 19.11 clinical features 105.8 pityriasis lichenoides burning feet syndrome differential colchicine drug interactions 19.13 complications 105.8 management 135.6 diagnosis 85.17 PHACES (posterior fossa malformations, definition 105.6 plaque psoriasis 35.25–6 dapsone-induced 19.14–15 haemangiomas, arterial epidemiology 105.7 polymorphic light eruption 127.7 hyperhidrosis 94.5 anomalies, cardiac anomalies, investigations 105.8–9 psoralen use 21.8–9 neuropathic ulcer 85.4 eye abnormalities and sternal management 105.9 psoriasis 21.4, 31.15 restless legs syndrome differential pit/supraumbilical raphe) pathophysiology 105.7–8 regimen variables 21.9 diagnosis 85.17 syndrome 117.20 phobias, cutaneous 86.20 scleredema treatment 59.10 thalidomide-induced 19.40 phaeochromocytoma 88.19, 145.19 phosphatidylcholine 99.47 Sézary syndrome 140.23–4 thallium poisoning 122.8 flushing 106.6–7, 147.24, 147.25 phosphodiesterase, atopic eczema 41.14 combination therapy 140.24–5

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photochemotherapy (continued) photosensitizers 22.2–3 acne treatment 90.49 chronic blepharitis 109.12 side effects 21.12–14 polychromatic light sources 22.4 actinic keratosis incidence 142.3 eyelashes 109.42 counselling 21.15 porphyrin 22.2 actinic prurigo management 127.13 perineum/perianal region 113.13 solar urticaria 127.23 port-wine stains treatment 23.9 adverse effects 21.11–14 PHYH gene mutations 65.28 subacute cutaneous lupus pro-drug application 22.9–10 counselling 21.15 Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) 16.2 erythematosus 51.13 scarring 22.14 adverse incident recording 21.16 physiotherapy, congenital ichthyoses 65.39 subcorneal pustular dermatosis 49.15 sebaceous gland hyperplasia atopic eczema 41.32 phytanic acid 65.28 systemic agent combination 21.10 treatment 93.13 audit 21.16 phytochemicals topical agent combination 21.9 service 22.14 chronic actinic dermatitis antiageing products 156.7–9 versus UVB phototherapy 21.5, 21.6 squamous cell carcinoma management 127.20 anti-inflammatory 156.9–10 UVR source 9.3 treatment 22.5, 142.32 clinical governance 21.16 antioxidants 156.6–8, 156.10, 156.11 vitiligo treatment 88.39 treatment schedules 22.12 developments 21.17 cosmeceutical use 156.5–10, 156.11 see also extracorporeal wart treatment 22.7, 25.53 documentation 21.16 phyto-oestrogens, photochemotherapy photography, skin disease extent dosimetry 21.16 hyperoestrogenism 145.19 (photopheresis) (ECP) measurement 16.4 eczema treatment 39.7 phytophotodermatitis 88.29, 88.30, 127.28, photochemotherapy (PUVA) photoirritation 129.9–10 eosinophilic folliculitis 31.16 129.10 lentigo 132.7–8 photons 9.1–2 equipment 21.3 piano paronychia 123.12 photocontact allergy 128.18 absorption 9.4 maintenance 21.16 Piccardi–Lassueur–Little syndrome 89.39– chronic actinic dermatitis photo-onycholysis 95.9–10 historical aspects 1.8 40 association 127.13 photo-oxidative stress 141.3 hydroa vacciniforme 127.26 picker’s acne 86.15 photocontact facial melanosis 88.12–13 photopatch testing 127.34–5, 128.79–80, indications 21.4–5 picker’s nodules 86.13 photodamage 128.81 intermittent 1.8 picornavirus infections 25.79–84 chemical peels 159.5, 159.8, 159.9 photopheresis see extracorporeal irritant contact dermatitis 129.8 enterovirus infection 25.80–1 collagenous and elastotic marginal photochemotherapy juvenile spring eruption 127.9 foot and mouth disease 25.79–80 plaques of hands 96.4–5 (photopheresis) (ECP) mastocytosis 46.9 hand, foot and mouth disease 25.81–2 colloid degeneration 96.5–6 photoprotection 9.11–12 minimal erythema dose 21.7 hepatitis A virus 25.79, 25.83–4 colloid 96.5–6 actinic prurigo 127.13 modality choice 21.5 hepatovirus 25.80, 25.83 dermal connective tissue changes 96.1–6 active 9.12 morphoea treatment 57.26–7, 57.28 herpangina 25.82–3 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea caffeine 156.10 mycosis fungoides 140.23–4 parechovirus 25.79, 25.80, 25.83 differential diagnosis 91.9 clothing 9.12 neonatal jaundice 88.49, 88.50, 116.10 picosecond lasers 160.4 see also solar elastosis; wrinkles hydroa vacciniforme 127.25, 127.26 patient education 21.15 PICOT acronym 17.3 hypermelanosis treatment 88.33 patient follow-up 21.15–16 2.17, 70.2, 70.3–4 actinic prurigo 110.79 juvenile spring eruption 127.9 patient records 21.16 clinical features 70.3–4 chemical peel contraindication 159.6 oculocutaneous albinism 70.8 patient safety 21.15 pathophysiology 70.3 erythema multiforme differential passive 9.12 patient selection/assessment 21.14–15 vitiligo differential diagnosis 88.38 diagnosis 47.5 photosensitivity diseases 127.35 performance indicators 21.16 piedra North American Indians 127.9 polymorphic light eruption 127.7 pityriasis lichenoides management 135.6 black 32.15–16 photodermatoses, idiopathic 127.2–26 pomegranate extract 156.8 pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment 36.5, white 32.16–17 photodynamic reactions 88.29–30 rosacea 91.12, 91.13 36.7 Piedraia hortae 32.15, 32.16 photodynamic therapy (PDT) 22.1–15 shade 9.12 plaque psoriasis 35.25–6 piercing, oral injuries 110.65 acne treatment 22.7, 90.49–50 solar lentigines 132.7 polymorphic light eruption 127.7 piezogenic pedal papules 123.25–6 actinic cheilitis 22.5 solar urticaria management 127.23 pruritic papular eruption 31.17 PIGL gene mutations 65.34 actinic keratosis treatment 22.3, 22.4–5, see also sun protection; pruritus in atopic eczema 83.9 pigmentary demarcation lines 88.2 22.8, 142.10, 146.15–16 photorejuvenation 22.7 psoriasis 31.15, 31.16 pigmentary disorders daylight regimen 22.11 photosensitivity 127.1, 128.77–8 risk management 21.16 allergic contact dermatitis 128.60–1 pain 22.14 abnormal 127.1 scleredema treatment 59.10 arsenic toxicity 122.2–3 adverse effects 22.12–14 allergic contact dermatitis differential setting up of unit 21.16 chemical peels 159.5 aftercare 22.12 diagnosis 128.61, 128.62 Sézary syndrome 140.23–4 chromosomal mosaicism 76.5 allergy 22.13 atopic eczema 41.19 solar urticaria 127.23 classification 88.8 ambulatory 22.10–11 clinical assessment 127.31–5 staff safety 21.15 discoid lupus erythematosus 51.5, 51.7 5-aminolaevulinic acid 22.2, 22.3, 22.4–5 photosensitivity diseases 127.1–35 UV calibration/dosimetry 21.3 dyskeratosis congenita 77.3 basal cell carcinoma treatment 22.5, assessment 127.31–5 photothermal ablation 23.16–19 electron microscopy 3.27 22.6, 22.7, 141.15 chemical-induced 127.1, 127.26–30 anaesthesia 23.17 genetic 70.1, 70.2–3, 70.3–16 Gorlin naevoid syndrome 22.2, 22.7 clinical features 127.27–9 complications 23.19 histological sections 3.39 Bowen disease treatment 22.5, 22.6, 22.8, definition 127.26 indications 23.17–18 HIV infection 31.12–13 22.9, 142.21, 142.22, 142.22 differential diagnosis 127.29 see also carbon dioxide laser Hodgkin disease 140.49 clinical governance 22.14 epidemiology 127.26–7 photothermal non-ablative liver disease 152.8 conditions used for 22.8 exogenous 127.26–30 techniques 23.19–20 mosaicism 117.12, 117.13 contraindications 22.7 investigations 127.29–30 photothermolysis occupational dyspigmentation 130.12– cutaneous T-cell and B-cell lymphoma management 127.30 fractional 160.7 13 treatment 22.7 pathophysiology 127.27 ablative 160.7–8 Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic daylight 22.11–12 chemotherapy-induced 120.10–11 non-ablative 160.8 epidermal necrolysis 119.18 dermatitis 22.13 dermatitis 127.13 selective 23.4–23.5 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.26 diagnosis 22.7–9 drug-induced 127.1, 127.26–30 phototoxic contact dermatitis 129.9–10 vulval 112.20–2 extramammary Paget disease chronic actinic dermatitis differential phototoxicity xeroderma pigmentosum 78.3 treatment 22.7 diagnosis 127.16 acute with PUVA 21.12 see also facial melanoses; hypermelanosis follow-up 22.12 clinical features 127.27–9 drug reactions 120.10–11 pigmentary incontinence 3.38 fractionation of light delivery 22.4 definition 127.26 hyperpigmentation 88.29–30 oral hyperpigmentation 110.68 historical aspects 22.1–2 differential diagnosis 127.29 porphyrins 60.1–2, 129.10 pigmentation 88.1–5, 88.6, 88.7–9 HPV-related neoplasia treatment 22.7 epidemiology 127.26–7 phrynoderma 87.13–14 addisonian 149.18 indications 22.4–5, 22.6, 22.7 exogenous 127.26–30 clinical features 87.13–14 constitutive 70.1, 88.8–9 innovations 22.14–15 investigations 127.29–30 definition 87.13 facultative 70.1 irradiance level 22.4, 22.11–12 management 127.30 epidemiology 87.13 gene regulation 70.1 irradiation 22.10 pathophysiology 127.27 investigations 87.14 haemosiderin 88.48–9 keratoacanthoma treatment 142.36 genophotodermatoses 127.1 management 87.14 hair 89.68–71 LED sources 22.4, 22.10 idiopathic photodermatoses 127.2–26 multiple minute digitate keratoses accidental discoloration 89.71 lesion preparation 22.9 investigations 127.33–5 differential diagnosis 87.18 acquired defects 89.71 light sources 22.3–4, 22.10 management 127.35 pathophysiology 87.13 biology 89.68–9 limitations on use 22.2 photoaggravated 127.1 scurvy 63.21 colour variation 89.69 methodology 22.7–12 photo-exposed sites 127.32 vitamin A deficiency 63.7, 63.8 loss 89.69–70 methyl aminolevulinate 22.2, 22.3 symptoms 127.31–2 Phthiraptera 34.16–18 nutritional deficiencies 89.71 pain 22.13–14 tattoo-associated 123.22 phthiriasis physical phenomena 89.71 patient selection 22.7–9 photosensitizers, exogenous 127.27 genital 111.25 heat load 88.8 photochemical change 23.4 photostimulation, tissue optics 23.4 ocular 109.42 idiopathic lenticular 110.12 photorejuvenation 22.7 phototherapy 21.1–17 Phthisis pubis lysosome role 8.44

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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measurement 16.4 see also apocrine glands; eccrine glands; pityriasis rotunda 65.41–2, 87.7–8, 147.17 investigations 69.12 melanoma risk 143.4 hair follicles; sebaceous glands pityriasis rubra pilaris 36.1–2, 36.3, 36.4–7 management 69.12 nail plate 95.12–13 pimecrolimus adult-onset postmenopausal 100.25 non-melanin 88.8, 88.47–55 atopic eczema treatment 41.31 atypical (type II) 36.4, 36.5 plaque-like CD34-positive dermal endogenous 88.47–52 chronic actinic dermatitis classical (type 1) 36.2, 36.3, 36.4–5, fibroma 137.8–9 exogenous 88.52–5 management 127.20 36.6 plasma cell cheilitis 110.87–8 oral mucosa 110.8 eczema treatment 39.6, 39.7 clinical features 36.2, 36.3, 36.4–5 plasma cell disorders paraneoplastic 147.17, 147.18 eosinophilic pustular folliculitis complications/co-morbidities 36.4 malignant infiltration of skin 148.4–5 pregnancy 115.1, 115.2 treatment 93.9 definition 36.1 see also monoclonal gammopathy; skin colour 4.13–14, 4.15 granuloma annulare treatment 97.7 differential diagnosis 36.4 multiple myeloma; Waldenström vitamin D synthesis restriction 88.8 pityriasis alba treatment 39.26 disease course 36.4–5 macroglobulinaemia see also dyspigmentation structure 18.19 epidemiology 36.1–2 plasma cell(s), high-power pigmented lesions systemic lupus erythematosus 51.35 erythroderma 39.33 microscopy 3.31 laser treatment 23.11–14, 160.4–6 topical 18.19, 18.20–1 familial 36.2, 36.4 plasma cell vulvitis 112.12–13 complications 23.14–15 95.7–8 genetics 36.2 plasma-acanthoma 110.88 SIAoscopy 4.21 Pinkus follicular mucinosis 59.15–16, 59.17 HIV-related (type VI) 36.1, 36.2, 36.4 plasmacytoma 110.61, 148.4–5 surgery 20.46–7 pinna investigations 36.5 scleromyxoedema association 148.8, pigmented neuroectodermal tumour of hypertrichosis 108.6 juvenile-onset 148.9 infancy 137.53–4 infections 108.11, 108.15 atypical (type II) 36.5 plasmapheresis pigmented purpuric dermatoses 101.8–10 shape variation 108.5–6 atypical (type V) 36.4 pemphigus treatment 50.9 pigmented purpuric lichenoid dermatosis pinta 26.66, 26.68 circumscribed (type IV) 36.3, 36.4, solar urticaria management 127.23 of Gougerot and Blum 101.8, 101.9, ashy dermatosis differential 36.5, 87.12 systemic lupus erythematosus 101.10 diagnosis 88.33 classical (type III) 36.3, 36.4, 36.5 treatment 51.36 PIK3CA gene mutations 105.13 pityriasis versicolor differential keratosis pilaris differential plasminogen activation 8.41 PIK3CA mosaicism, facial features 75.14 diagnosis 32.12 diagnosis 87.10 plasminogen-activator inhibitors PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum 75.7 pinworm 33.13–14 management 36.5–7 (PAIs) 8.41 pilar cyst see trichilemmal cysts pitch (coal-tar) 130.11 nomenclature 36.1 wound healing 10.4, 10.5 pilar sheath acanthoma 138.4 actinic keratosis 142.2 pathophysiology 36.2 Plasmodium 33.33 piles see haemorrhoids occupational skin cancers 130.13 phrynoderma differential plastics allergy 128.48–51 pili annulati 68.23, 89.56 pitted keratolysis 26.37, 26.42–3 diagnosis 87.14 platelet(s) hair colouration 89.71 hyperhidrosis 94.6 prognosis 36.4–5 growth factors 8.24–5 pili incarnati see pseudofolliculitis pituitary adenylate cyclase activating psoriasis differential diagnosis 35.18, immune response role 8.25–6 pili multigemini 89.59 peptide (PACAP) 85.3 35.19 inflammation role 8.23–6 pili pseudoannulati 68.23 cutaneous vasodilatation 8.51, 106.1 variants 36.2, 36.3, 36.4 inflammatory mediators 8.24–5 pili torti 68.20–1, 89.51–2 pityriasis alba 39.25–6, 88.44 pityriasis versicolor 32.10–13 leukocyte association 8.24, 8.25 Björnstad syndrome 68.9, 89.52 children 117.5 causative organisms 32.10–11, 32.12 receptors 8.25 differential diagnosis 68.20 leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11 clinical features 32.12 thrombi 103.2, 103.3 Menkes disease 81.18, 89.51, 89.52 pinta differential diagnosis 26.68 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis wound healing 10.2 monilethrix differential pityriasis rosea differential differential diagnosis 87.7 platelet activating factor (PAF) 8.47 diagnosis 68.19 diagnosis 25.92 epidemiology 32.11 platelet disorders 101.2 pili triangulati et canaliculi 68.22, 68.23 107.3–4 erythrasma differential diagnosis 26.39 function abnormalities 101.3, 101.4 pilocarpine 2.8 pityriasis circinata et marginata of HIV infection 31.28 plugging 101.10–12 pilomatricarcinoma 138.14–15 Vidal 25.91 hyper-/hypopigmentation 88.44 purpura 101.3, 101.4 pilomatricoma 138.13–14 pityriasis folliculorum 91.10–11 hypomelanosis 88.44 platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 8.6 pilonidal sinus 113.23–4 pityriasis lichenoides 110.56, 135.3–6 investigations 32.12, 32.13 wound healing 10.6, 10.11 ano-genital 123.22–3 causative organisms 135.4 leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11 platinum, reactions to 122.9 clinical features 113.23–4 chronica 135.3–6 management 32.13 plectin 71.4, 71.9 definition 113.23 psoriasis differential diagnosis 35.19 pathophysiology 32.11–12 pleomorphic fibroma 137.3–4 dissecting cellulitis of scalp clinical features 135.4–5 pityriasis rotunda differential pleomorphic lipoma 137.60 association 107.8 definition 135.3 diagnosis 87.8 pleomorphism 3.38 epidemiology 113.23 differential diagnosis 135.5 reticular erythematous mucinosis plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumour 137.22 folliculitis differential diagnosis 113.10 epidemiology 135.3 differential diagnosis 59.9 plexiform neurofibroma 137.48–9 hidradenitis suppurativa et varioliformis acuta 135.3–6 tinea cruris differential plumbism 122.4–5 association 92.2 investigations 135.5 diagnosis 32.46–7 Plummer–Vinson syndrome 63.24, 152.1 investigations 113.24 management 135.5–6 treatment ladder 32.13 PMM2 gene mutations 81.10–11 laser-assisted hair removal 23.15 papulonecrotic tuberculid differential Pityrosporum folliculitis, acneform Pneumocystis jiroveci, cutaneous management 113.24 diagnosis 27.29 drug eruption differential infection 32.95 obesity aggravation 100.26 pathophysiology 135.3–4 diagnosis 118.17 Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia pathophysiology 113.23 pityriasis rosea differential pizzicato paronychia 123.11 (PCP) 31.6, 31.28 penile 111.19 diagnosis 25.92 placebo effect 15.2 drug eruptions from treatment 31.17 pilosebaceous cysts, plantar pityriasis rosea 5.10, 25.89–92 placental sulphatase deficiency 65.5 incidence 31.5 keratoderma 69.11, 69.12 clinical features 25.90–2 plague 26.57–8, 34.12 prophylaxis 31.8 pilosebaceous follicles 2.1–2 complications/co-morbidities 25.92 bubonic 34.12 Pneumocystis, Kaposi sarcoma differential trichofolliculoma 138.8 definition 25.89 plakins 2.18 diagnosis 31.29 pilosebaceous naevoid disorders 90.25–6 differential diagnosis 25.91–2 plakoglobin 2.19, 71.3, 71.10, 71.24 pneumonia, aspiration in pilosebaceous unit 2.9, 2.10, 138.1–2 drug eruptions 25.90, 118.14–15 plakophilin 2.18 dermatomyositis 53.10 acquired disorders 93.1–13 eczema differential diagnosis 39.4 plakophilin-1 71.3, 71.9–10, 71.24 pneumonitis, interstitial 53.9 actinic folliculitis 93.6 epidemiology 25.89–90 plane xanthoma podoconiosis 105.45–7 disseminate and recurrent genital 111.24 malignancy association 147.22 definition 105.45–6 infundibulofolliculitis 93.6–7 herald patch 25.90, 25.91, 25.92 solar elastosis differential diagnosis 96.4 lymphatic filariasis differential eosinophilic pustular folliculitis 93.7– HHV-8 association 25.37 plant allergens 128.11, 128.14, 128.15, diagnosis 105.44, 105.47 8, 93.9, 117.11–12 investigations 25.92 128.17, 128.51–4 podophyllin 18.13 folliculitis keloidalis 93.3–4 management 25.92 airborne 128.18 wart treatment 18.13, 25.53 heterotopic sebaceous glands 93.10– nomenclature 25.89 clinical features 128.52–3 podophyllotoxin 18.13 12, 111.5–6 nummular dermatitis differential cosmetics 128.31 wart treatment 18.13, 25.53 infantile eosinophilic pustular diagnosis 39.9 epidemiology 128.51–2 POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, folliculitis 93.9–10 pathophysiology 25.90 investigations 128.53–4 endocrinopathy, monoclonal necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis of pityriasis versicolor differential management 128.54 gammopathy and skin changes) the scalp margin 93.4–5 diagnosis 32.12 plant sap, phototoxic 127.28, 129.10 syndrome 25.37, 148.11 pseudofolliculitis 93.1–2, 112.24 pregnancy 115.9 plantar dermatosis, juvenile 39.21–2 acquired partial lipodystrophy scalp folliculitis 93.5–6 seborrhoeic dermatitis differential plantar fascial fibromatosis 96.33 association 100.4 sebaceous gland hyperplasia 93.12–13 diagnosis 40.4 plantar fibromatosis 137.13 glomeruloid haemangioma 137.25 endocrinological activity 149.8–9 tinea corporis differential fascial 96.33 hyperpigmentation 88.25 stress mediators 8.50 diagnosis 32.37 plantar hyperkeratosis 100.25 malignancy association 147.22 tumours 107.10 variants 25.91 plantar keratoderma 69.1, 69.11 POFUT1 gene mutations 70.14

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poikiloderma 77.1–7 disease course/prognosis 127.4 clinical features 87.20–2, 146.11 renal failure 153.4 acquired 96.10, 96.11 environmental factors 127.3 complications/co-morbidities 87.21–2 risk factors 60.12–13 acrokeratotic of Weary 77.7 epidemiology 127.2 definition 65.67, 87.18 scarring 90.32 atrophicans vasculare 96.10 flare with UVB phototherapy 21.11, 21.12 differential diagnosis 87.21 solar elastosis association 96.3 chronic superficial scaly dermatitis genetics 127.3 disseminated palmoplantar 87.19, 87.21 solar urticaria differential differential diagnosis 39.27 investigations 127.4–6, 127.7 disseminated superficial 87.21 diagnosis 127.22 clinical features 77.2 Jessner’s lymphocytic infiltrate of childhood 65.67–8 subacute cutaneous lupus hereditary fibrosing with tendon differential diagnosis 135.9 of immunosuppression 65.67 erythematosus association 51.12 contractures, myopathy and juvenile spring eruption eccrine naevi 75.5, 75.7 variants 60.12 pulmonary fibrosis 77.7 association 127.9 Flegel disease differential porphyrins 22.2 Kindler syndrome differential lymphocytoma cutis differential diagnosis 87.17 chemistry 60.1–2 diagnosis 71.19 diagnosis 135.9 genital 87.19, 87.20, 87.21, 111.29 phototoxicity 60.1–2, 129.10 mycosis fungoides 140.10, 140.11–12 management 127.6–8 giant 65.68 Porphyromonas 26.64–5 with neutropenia, Clericuzio type 77.7 pathophysiology 127.2–3 investigations 65.68, 87.22 port-wine stains see also dyskeratosis congenita; of pregnancy 83.12, 115.11–13 lichen striatus differential eyelid 109.48–9 Rothmund–Thomson syndrome psoriasis association 35.5 diagnosis 37.20 Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome 103.24, poikiloderma of Civatte 88.13–14, 155.3 PUVA 21.4 linear 65.68, 87.19, 87.20 103.26 laser therapy 160.2–3 side effect 21.12 systemized 87.21 laser therapy 23.7–9, 23.11 poldine methylsulphate 18.33 recurrent cutaneous necrotizing malignancy association 65.58 recurrent 23.9 poliomyelitis 25.79 eosinophilic vasculitis differential management 87.22 Sturge–Weber syndrome 23.7, 75.22 89.70 diagnosis 102.11 of Mibelli 65.68, 87.18, 87.19, 87.20 positron emission tomography (PET) 4.22 pollution see environmental pollution severity classification 127.4 elastosis perforans serpiginosa postcoital fissures 112.40–1 polyacrylamide fillers 157.7 sunscreen use 18.32 differential diagnosis 96.53 post-herpetic neuralgia 25.29, 25.30, polyalkylamide fillers 157.7 tinea faciei differential diagnosis 32.42 genital 111.29 84.3–5, 109.40 polyarteritis nodosa 102.29–32 UVB phototherapy 21.4 palmoplantar of Mantoux 65.68 clinical features 84.4 clinical features 102.30, 102.31 side effect 21.11, 21.12 pathophysiology 65.67, 87.19–20 definition 84.3 cutaneous 99.10–11, 102.29–32 variants 127.4, 127.5 perianal 87.20, 87.21 epidemiology 84.3 inflammatory bowel disease polymorphism 3.38 ptychotropica 65.68 investigations 84.4 association 152.3 polymorphonuclear granulocytes 8.17–19 punctate palmoplantar 87.19, 87.20 management 25.30, 84.4–5, 86.38, 109.40 definition 102.29 polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis treatment 65.68 mood stabilizers 86.38 epidemiology 102.30 association 102.34 variants 65.67–8 pathophysiology 84.3–4 genital 111.21 polymyositis 53.1 see also disseminated superficial actinic prevention 84.5 HCV association 25.65 classification 53.1 porokeratosis (DSAP) posthitis 111.3, 111.4 investigations 102.30–1 pathophysiology 53.2 porokeratotic eccrine ostial duct naevus xerotica obliterans 111.14 management 102.31–2 see also mixed connective tissue disease (PEN) 65.30, 65.32 post-ionizing radiation keratosis 142.14 microscopic polyangiitis differential polymyxin B 18.11 porphyria(s) 60.1–19 post-irradiation angiosarcoma 137.36, diagnosis 102.22 polyneuropathy, benign symmetrical acute attacks 60.6–7 137.37 oral lesions 110.55 lipomatosis association 100.14 bullous 60.4 post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis 33.50, pathophysiology 102.30 polyneuropathy, organomegaly, classification 60.2, 60.4 33.51, 154.5 superficial thrombophlebitis differential endocrinopathy, monoclonal clinical features 60.2, 60.4–9 post-menopausal syndrome, diagnosis 99.9 gammopathy and skin changes diagnosis of acute attack 60.6–7 pruritus 83.13 polybrominated biphenyls 130.11 (POEMS) syndrome see POEMS enzyme deficiencies 60.2 post-streptococcal polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 90.57, (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, faecal analysis 60.8–9 glomerulonephritis 26.10 90.58, 130.11 endocrinopathy, monoclonal histopathology of skin 60.5 impetigo 153.6 polycyclic hydrocarbons, occupational gammopathy and skin changes) hypertrichosis 89.63 scarlet fever association 26.35 skin cancers 130.13–14 syndrome laboratory testing 60.7–9 post-surgical artefact 86.27 polycystic ovarian syndrome 145.18, polyomavirus 25.41–3 management, acute attacks 60.7 post-thrombotic syndrome 104.5 149.18 disease domain 25.41 pathogenesis of skin disease 60.4–5 post-transfusion purpura 148.19 acne association 90.3, 90.5, 90.7 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.2 plasma spectrofluorimetry 60.8 post-transplant lymphoproliferative hirsutism 89.64, 89.65 Merkel cell infection 25.41–2 screening of relatives 60.9 disorder 140.47–8 treatment 89.68 trichodysplasia spinulosa 25.42–3, 89.47 skin manifestations 60.4–6 postural exercises, lymphoedema 105.57 weight loss 89.68 polypharmacy, older people 14.7 subepidermal bullae 60.4, 60.5 potassium iodide 19.27–8 polycythaemia rubra vera 147.24 polyps, hypergranulating 114.11 urinary analysis 60.8 erythema nodosum treatment 99.24 polycythaemia vera n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids whole blood/red cell analysis 60.8 Sweet syndrome treatment 49.12 erythromelalgia 84.10 (PUFAs) 41.7 see also named individual diseases potassium permanganate soaks 18.9 flushing 106.8 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), porphyria cutanea tarda 60.4, 60.7, infective eczema 39.24 pruritus 83.11 antiageing products 156.4, 156.10 60.11–14 potassium-titanyl-phosphate lasers see purpura 101.11–12 90.17 alcohol-induced 96.43 KTP lasers polyendocrine disease 145.20 pomades 89.75 allergic contact dermatitis differential 154.4 polyene antifungals 19.43, 19.44 pomegranate, antioxidant use 156.8, diagnosis 128.62 povidone storage disease 99.47 topical 18.12 156.11 biochemical findings 60.12 powders 18.2 polyethylene glycol (PEG) 18.7 pompholyx eczema chemical-induced photosensitivity topical drug delivery 18.8 polyfibromatosis syndrome 96.31 blistering distal dactylitis differential differential diagnosis 127.29 power (statistical) 17.23 polyhydroxy acids, antiageing diagnosis 26.34 clinical features 60.11–12 poxvirus infections 25.5–15 products 156.3–4 hand 39.11, 39.13, 39.14, 39.17 definition 60.11 biology 25.6 poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) 157.2, 157.3–4 hand eczema differential differential diagnosis 60.12 brucellosis differential diagnosis 26.59 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis 39.16 drug-induced photosensitivity vulval 112.27 microorganism detection 3.10 keratolysis exfoliativa differential differential diagnosis 127.29 poxvirus officinalis 25.7 nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis 87.24 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita p-phenylenediamine (PPD) 128.2, 128.6, tuberculosis 27.8–9 recurrent focal palmar peeling 39.15 differential diagnosis 50.43, 50.45 128.11, 128.41–2 viral infections 25.5 ponesimod, plaque psoriasis 35.29 genetic counselling 60.14 active sensitization 128.72 techniques 3.27 Pontiac fever 26.72 HCV association 25.65 regulatory measures 128.76 polymethylmethacrylate and collagen popliteal pterygium syndrome 72.33 histopathology 60.12 Prader–Willi syndrome 74.4, 74.6 fillers 99.47, 157.7 populations HIV infection 31.17 prayer nodules 123.8 polymorphic light eruption 127.1, 127.2–8 determination of skin disease hypertrichosis 89.63 prayer sign, diabetes association 64.6 actinic folliculitis differential frequency 5.8–10 investigations 60.12–13 praziquantel diagnosis 93.6 disease severity 5.2 irritant contact dermatitis differential cysticercosis treatment 33.31 associated diseases 127.2 epidemiology 5.2–4 diagnosis 129.4, 129.5 paragonimiasis treatment 33.28, 33.29 clinical features 127.3–4 skin diseases as entities 5.2 liver disease 60.13, 152.7, 152.8 schistosomiasis treatment 33.27 complications/co-morbidities 127.4 study 5.3 malignancy association 147.22 prebullous eruptions, urticaria differential definition 127.2 porcine collagen fillers 157.6 management 60.13–14 diagnosis 42.14 differential diagnosis 127.4 porcine dermal matrices 126.7 photoprotection 60.13 prebullous pemphigoid 102.19 discoid lupus erythematosus porokeratosis 3.39, 65.67–8, 87.18–22 pinna 108.13, 108.15 predictive value 5.13 differential diagnosis 51.10 autosomal dominant punctate 65.52 pseudoporphyria differential pregabalin 86.38 relationship 51.4 classification 87.19 diagnosis 60.19 scalp dysaesthesia treatment 107.14

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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pregnancy 115.1–17 prematurity pathophysiology 59.11–12, 105.48 proanthocyanidin 156.7 acne vulgaris 90.17, 115.8–9 anetoderma of 116.9 systemic sclerosis differential probability (P) 17.20 acute generalized pustular see also preterm infants diagnosis 56.15 probability of disease 5.9 psoriasis 35.35 prenatal diagnosis 7.9–10 treatment ladder 59.13 probenecid, hypersensitivity antihistamines 42.17 preorbital cellulitis 116.25 prevalence 5.13 reaction 31.17 contraindication 19.4 prepuce Prevotella 26.64 proctalgia, chronic 113.32 antimalarials contraindications 19.7 circumcision 111.6–7 priapism 111.35 proctalgia fugax 113.32 antiphospholipid syndrome 52.2, 52.3 dorsal perforation 111.4 prick tests 4.23–4 profilins 42.13 apocrine glands 115.2 function 111.4, 111.5 modified 4.24 progeria 72.20–2 atopic eczema 41.15 non-specific balanoposthitis 111.17 prickly heat 94.12–13, 116.5, 116.6 adult 147.13 atopic eruption 83.12, 115.15, 115.16 restoration 111.7 primary biliary cirrhosis 152.5, 152.9 Cockayne syndrome differential autoimmune diseases 115.5–6 structure 111.4, 111.5 hyperpigmentation 88.22 diagnosis 78.9 azathioprine caution 19.9 variants 111.6 systemic lupus erythematosus coronary artery disease 150.5 biological therapy caution 19.31 prescribing errors 14.9–10 association 51.31 freckles 88.16 chemical peel contraindication 159.6 preservatives systemic sclerosis association 56.7, 56.18 mandibuloacral dysplasia differential ciclosporin cautions 19.11 allergic contact dermatitis 128.32–40 primary care 5.11 diagnosis 72.25 dapsone cautions 19.15 chlorocresol 128.39 primary cutaneous marginal zone neonatal 72.26, 79.2 dermatoses 115.11–15, 115.16 chloroxylenol 128.38–9 lymphoma 140.37, 140.38–40, premature hair greying 89.70 eccrine glands 115.2 formaldehyde-releasing 128.34–5 140.39–40 Werner syndrome differential effects on drug therapeutic methyldibromo glutaronitrile 128.37–8 clinical features 140.39–40 diagnosis 72.23 outcome 14.7–8 parabens 128.37 immunophenotype 140.39 see also Hutchinson–Gilford progeria Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 72.8, 115.6 topical drug delivery 18.6, 18.8 investigations 140.40 syndrome folate deficiency 63.18, 63.19 pressure erythema, chronic venous management 140.40 progerin 79.5 glucocorticoid adverse effects 19.20 insufficiency 103.38 treatment algorithm 140.38 progesterone, urticaria 47.8 gonococcal complications 30.4 pressure ischaemia, medical trauma hair pathophysiology 140.38–9 progestins granuloma gravidarum 137.26 loss 89.45 primary cutaneous peripheral T-cell acne association 90.11 hair changes 115.1–2, 115.2 pressure ulcers 113.31–2, 124.1–3, 124.4, lymphoma 140.32–8 papulopustular acne treatment 90.43 HIV infection 31.34 124.5–8 aggressive epidermotropic programming of adult disease 5.9 hydroxycarbamide caution 19.22 adjunctive therapies 124.8 CD8+ 140.32–3 progressive bacterial synergistic immune system changes 115.3 amyloidosis association 124.5 CD4+ small/medium-sized gangrene 26.74 infections 115.3–5 anatomical locations 124.1 pleomorphic 140.34 progressive capillary haemangioma 137.25 inflammatory skin diseases 115.8–9, assessment scales 124.5 extranodal NK/T-cell progressive cephalothoracic lipodystrophy 115.10 classification 124.2, 124.3 lymphoma 140.36–7 see acquired partial lipodystrophy intrahepatic cholestasis 83.11, 83.12, clinical features 124.3 γδ T-cell 140.33–4 (APL) 115.10–11 complications 124.3, 124.5 see also adult T-cell leukaemia– progressive hemifacial atrophy 57.18–19, iron deficiency 63.24 debridement 124.7 lymphoma (ATLL) 57.20 itching 115.10–11 definition 124.1 primary effusion lymphoma, Kaposi progressive nodular histiocytosis 136.16 leprosy 28.14, 115.5 epidemiology 124.2 sarcoma association 139.5 prohormone convertase 1 deficiency 74.4 Lyme disease 26.70 friction 124.2, 124.3 primary herpetic gingivostomatitis 25.16– prohormone convertase 2 deficiency 74.6 melasma 88.10–11, 88.12 healability determination 124.6 17, 25.18 prolactin 149.2, 149.17 methotrexate contraindication 19.24 healing 10.2 primary hypertrophic functions 149.9 nail changes 115.1–2, 115.2 histopathology 124.3 osteoarthropathy 72.31–2 systemic lupus erythematosus neonatal lupus erythematosus 51.39 infections 124.2, 124.3, 124.5, 124.6–7, see also pachydermoperiostosis association 51.19 NF1 symptoms 80.4 124.7–8 primary immunodeficiency (PID) 148.14– prolidase deficiency 72.8–9, 81.11, 81.14 nitrofurantoin associated Stevens– investigations 124.3 16, 148.17 proliferative verrucous leukoplakia 110.77 Johnson syndrome 31.34 management 124.3, 124.5–6 antibody deficiencies 82.12–13 verrucous carcinoma 110.38 pemphigoid gestationis 115.13–15 Marjolin ulcer association 124.5 autoimmune lymphoproliferative promethazine 18.33 pemphigus 50.5 negative-pressure wound therapy 124.8 syndrome 82.14–15 Pronematus davisi 34.49 physiological skin changes 115.1–3 nutrition clinical features 82.1–2 pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) 8.52 pigmentation 115.1, 115.2 in prevention 124.5–6 combined 82.7–12 congenital defects of synthesis 149.16 pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis treatment 124.6 complement diseases 82.17–18 deficiency 74.4, 74.5, 74.7 acuta 135.4 palliative care 124.8 definition 82.1 propantheline, hyperhidrosis polymorphic eruption 83.12, 115.11–13 pathophysiology 124.2–3 diagnosis 82.1–3 treatment 94.9 potassium iodide patient repositioning 124.5 epidemiology 146.1–2 propionibacteria 26.43 contraindication 19.28 pressure 124.2 GARFIELD acronym 82.2 Propionibacterium 26.3, 26.4 pruritus 83.12–13 prevention 124.5 granulomatous lesions 82.8 age effects 26.4 pseudoxanthoma elasticum 72.29, 115.6 risk assessment 124.5 immune dysregulation diseases 82.13– Propionibacterium acnes 26.4, 26.43, psoriasis 115.8 risk factors 124.2–3 15 90.19–20 impact 35.21 shear 124.2–3 immunodysregulation acne fulminans 90.51, 90.52 retinoid contraindications 19.39, 19.40 skin microclimate 124.3 polyendocrinopathy enteropathy antibiotic-resistant 18.10 rubella infection 25.78–9 skincare 124.6 X-linked syndrome 82.14 folliculitis of the scalp 93.5–6 safe treatments 115.17 staging system 124.3, 124.4 innate immunity defects 82.16–17 prepubertal acne 90.61 scabies management 34.44 support surfaces 124.5 management 82.3 SAPHO syndrome 90.8 sebaceous glands 115.2 surgical management 124.8 NFκB pathway-related 82.16 sarcoidosis 98.4 skin tumours 115.7 treatment 124.6–8 phagocyte function, differentiation and strains 90.20 spider telangiectases 103.11 unavoidability 124.8 adhesion congenital defects 82.15– Propionibacterium avidum 26.43 striae distensae 115.3 wound care 124.6–8 16 Propionibacterium granulosum 26.43 syphilis 29.26 wound dressings 124.7 skin cancer 146.1–2 propolis 128.55 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.30 wound swabs 124.7–8 skin manifestations 82.3–4, 82.4–6 propranolol thalidomide contraindication 19.41 preterm infants warning signs 148.14 burns treatment 126.11 urticaria 42.8, 47.8 anetoderma of prematurity 116.9 primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis infantile haemangioma varicella infection 25.25 barrier function of skin 116.2 (PLCA) 58.2, 58.2.58.3, 58.4–8, treatment 117.22, 117.24 vascular changes 115.2–3 HSV infection 116.22 58.5–8 propylene glycol (PG) vulval changes 112.4 noma neonatorum 116.26 primary lymphoedema with as co-solvent 13.7–8, 13.9 see also polymorphic light eruption raised linear bands of infancy 116.18 myelodysplasia 73.20 penetration enhancer 18.7 prehaptens 128.8 skin appearance 116.4 primary neuroendocrine carcinoma of the preservative 18.8 preimplantation genetic diagnosis zinc deficiency 63.25 skin see Merkel cell carcinoma prosector’s warts see tuberculosis, (PGD) 7.10 pretibial myxoedema 59.11–13, 105.47–9 primin 128.51, 128.53 cutaneous, warty preimplantation genetic haplotyping clinical features 105.48–9 primitive polypoid granular cell prostacyclin 8.48 (PGH) 7.10 definition 105.47 tumour 137.62–3 prostaglandin(s) 8.48–9 premature ageing syndromes 72.20–6, diabetes associations 64.4 Primulaceae 128.52–3 receptors 8.49 79.1, 79.2, 79.3–7 elephantiasic 59.12, 59.13 exposure time 128.66 prostaglandin E2 8.48 clinical features 72.21 epidemiology 105.47 prioritization (economic) 6.5 prostanoids 8.2 see also Bloom syndrome; Werner investigations 59.12, 105.49 pristinamycin 119.2, 119.4 prostatitis, gonococcal 30.4 syndrome management 59.12–13, 105.49 PRKAR1A gene mutations 150.4 protamine, anaphylactic reactions 118.7

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protease activated receptors (PARs) 8.41 provisional matrix, wound healing 10.3 paraneoplastic 83.12, 83.15, 147.26, nail plate pigmentation 95.12, 95.13 protease inhibitor-associated provocation testing 127.34 148.10 yellow nail syndrome 95.14 lipodystrophy syndrome see HIV- proximal myopathies, pathophysiology 83.4–7 see also Stenotrophomonas maltophilia associated lipodystrophy dermatomyositis 53.8 peripheral sensitization 83.5–6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 26.4, 26.50–2 protease inhibitors 8.41, 31.9, 31.10, 31.11 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.50–3 polycythaemia vera 83.11 cellulitis 26.18–19 cytochrome P450 system effects 31.11 pruralgia 83.13 pregnancy 83.12–13 clinical features 26.51–2 drug eruptions 31.18 prurigo premonitory 83.12, 83.15 ecthyma 26.17 lipodystrophy 31.19–20 Hodgkin disease 140.49 psoriasis 83.8, 83.9–10 gangrenosum 116.26 retinoid-like effects 31.20 linear IgA disease differential psychogenic 83.13–14, 86.21–2 erysipelas 26.18–19 side effects 31.11 diagnosis 50.36 PUVA side effect 21.12 HIV infection 31.20 proteases 8.40–2 sarcoidosis association 98.14 quality of life 83.3 infection in Langerhans cell IgE production 8.56 see also actinic prurigo recessive generalized severe dystrophic histiocytosis 136.4 itching in skin disease 83.7 prurigo nodularis 83.15–20, 86.13, 86.14 epidermolysis bullosa 71.16 investigations 26.52 lysosomal 8.44 chronic actinic dermatitis 127.15, renal failure 153.3 management 26.52 protective clothing, surgical 20.7 127.17 scalp 107.12–14 noma neonatorum 116.26 protective immunity 8.54–5 clinical features 83.17–18 clinical features 107.13 otitis externa 108.17 protein C deficiency 101.17–19 clinical variants 83.18, 83.19 epidemiology 107.12 necrotizing 108.20 clinical features 101.18 cytomegalovirus in HIV 31.23, 31.24 investigations 107.14 pathophysiology 26.50–1 epidemiology 101.17 definition 83.15, 83.16 management 107.14 septicaemia 26.52 investigations 101.18 diagnosis 83.19 pathophysiology 107.12–13 variants 26.52–3 management 101.18–19 epidemiology 83.16 presentation 107.13–14 pseudomonilethrix 68.19 pathophysiology 101.18 investigations 83.18–19 scratching 83.5 pseudomyogenic protein contact dermatitis 128.83–4 management 83.19–20 seborrhoeic dermatitis association 40.2 haemangioendothelioma 137.35–6 protein malnutrition, hair colour nerve fibres 83.16–17 senescence 83.13 pseudopelade of Brocq 89.41–2 changes 89.71 pathophysiology 83.16–17 severity classification 83.14 pseudophotodermatitis 128.53 protein S deficiency 101.17–19 underlying diseases 83.18, 83.19 Sézary syndrome 83.6 Compositae allergy 128.52 clinical features 101.18 pruritic papular eruption (PPE) of skin barrier function effects 155.9 pseudoporphyria 60.18–19, 127.28 epidemiology 101.17 HIV 31.16–17 skin picking disorder differential renal failure 153.4 investigations 101.18 children 31.35 diagnosis 86.15 pseudoscars management 101.18–19 pruritus 83.3–15 symptomatic treatment 83.15 diabetes 96.12 pathophysiology 101.18 acquired ichthyosis 87.2 systemic disease 83.10–14 stellate 96.11 protein therapeutics see biological ancylostomiasis 33.15 systemic sclerosis 56.4, 56.15 pseudosyndactyly therapies ani 113.4–6, 128.17 thyrotoxicosis 83.12 Kindler syndrome 71.19 protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), ageing of clinical features 113.5–6 UVB phototherapy side effect 21.11 recessive generalized severe dystrophic skin 155.6 Crohn disease differential vulvae 128.17 epidermolysis bullosa 71.17 protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs), diagnosis 113.25 see also itching pseudoxanthoma elasticum 72.26–31 ageing of skin 155.6 pathophysiology 113.4–5 P-selectin 8.7, 8.18 acquired 96.28 proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) 8.21, 8.25 aquagenic 83.11 pseudo familial hypercholesterolaemia calcification 61.4 activation 8.53 atopic eczema 41.14–15 62.6, 93.1–2 cardiovascular changes 72.28–9, 72.30 proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) 2 83.7, atopic eruption of pregnancy 115.15 pseudoacanthosis nigricans 111.27 clinical features 72.27–30 85.2 brachioradial 83.13 pseudo-ainhum 65.48, 96.43, 96.44–5 coronary artery disease 150.5 atopic eczema 41.14 bullous pemphigoid 50.17 acquired 96.45 cutis laxa differential diagnosis 96.20 proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) 4 83.7 central sensitization 83.5–6 congenital 96.44–5, 116.18 definition 72.26 protein-based therapies 14.1 cholestatic 83.11 pseudoallergy 118.6 diagnostic criteria 72.28 protein–calorie restriction, telogen chronic 83.3–12 pseudoangiosarcoma 110.72 differential diagnosis 72.30, 96.4, 96.20 effluvium 89.26 prurigo nodularis 83.16 pseudochancre redux 111.24–5 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome protein–energy malnutrition 63.1–6 chronic renal disease 83.10–11 pseudochromohidrosis 94.17 association 72.1 clinical features 63.3–6 classification 83.3 pseudoclubbing 95.6 epidemiology 72.27 complications/co-morbidities 63.6 clinical features 83.7–14 pseudo-Cushing syndrome see HIV- gastrointestinal changes 72.29, 72.30 management 63.6 clinical variants 83.8–9 associated lipodystrophy iatrogenic 96.28 predisposing factors 63.3 definition 83.3 pseudocyst of ear 108.10–11 investigations 72.30 riboflavin deficiency 63.15 delusional infestation differential pseudoepitheliomatous management 72.30 severity classification 63.4–6 diagnosis 86.6 hyperplasia 133.7–8 mechanical properties of skin 123.5 proteins induced by vitamin K absence dermatoses 83.8–9 pseudoepitheliomatous micaceous and obstetric risk 72.29 (PIVKA) 63.13 diabetes association 64.7 keratotic balanitis (PEMKB) 111.29 ocular changes 72.29, 72.30 proteoglycans 2.37, 2.38, 2.39, 2.40 diabetogenic 83.12 pseudofolliculitis 93.1–2 pathophysiology 72.27 cell surface 2.37 diagnosis 83.14–15 vulval perforating 96.28 core proteins 2.37 diseases inducing 83.3, 83.4 differential diagnosis 112.24 pregnancy 115.6 functions 2.40 drug-induced 83.12, 118.3–4 pseudofolliculitis barbae 123.23 proteoglycans 2.40 molecular characteristics 2.39 elderly people 83.13 laser-assisted hair removal 23.15, 23.16 resources 72.31 pathological processes 2.40 enterobiasis 33.13 sycosis differential diagnosis 26.27 skin changes 72.27–8 synthesis by fibroblasts 2.40–1 epidemiology 83.3–4 pseudofolliculitis vibrissae 123.23 solar elastosis differential diagnosis 96.4 Proteus syndrome 74.8, 74.9, 105.27, 105.29 generalized 147.26 pseudo-Hutchinson sign 144.8, 144.10 toxic 96.28 capillary malformations 73.5–6, 105.36 gold therapy 122.4 pseudo-Kaposi sarcoma, haemodialysis variants 72.29–30 collagenoma 75.18 gravidarum 115.10 complication 153.4 26.76 congenital collagenoma 75.18 hepatobiliary disease 83.11 pseudo-knuckle pads 96.34, 96.35 erythema marginatum association 47.12 congenital epidermal naevi 75.3 histamine role 41.14 knuckle pads differential psoralen encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis HIV infection 31.12 diagnosis 96.35 hypertrichosis 89.63 differential diagnosis 100.19 Hodgkin disease 140.49 pseudologica fantastica 86.29–30 ocular side effects 109.46 infiltrating lipomatosis of the face inflammation 8.1–2 pseudolymphoma 135.1–3 phototoxicity 129.10 differential diagnosis 100.18 investigations 83.14–15 aphthous ulceration 110.41 see also photochemotherapy (PUVA) lymphatic malformations 105.35 iron deficiency 83.11 clinical features 135.2 psoralen photoadducts 21.1, 21.8–9 naevi 75.6–7 lichen planus 37.5 cutaneous 31.32 eye effects 21.14 PTEN-related 80.13 liver disease association 152.8 definition 135.1 psoriasiform hyperkeratosis see Proteus-like syndrome 80.13 localized 147.26 epidemiology 135.1–2 keratoderma blenorrhagica protoporphyrin 60.16 male genital 111.2 investigations 135.2 psoriasiform napkin dermatitis 35.11, 40.3 protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) 22.3 malignancy association 147.26 management 135.3 psoriasiform sarcoidosis 98.13 Prototheca algal infection 32.95–6 management 83.15 tattoo-associated 123.22 psoriasis 35.1–42 protothecosis 32.95–6 measurement 83.14 pseudomembranous disease, acrodermatitis continua of protozoal infections 33.33–52 medicament 128.28 candidosis 31.26 Hallopeau 95.41 erythema nodosum 99.19 nephrogenic 83.10–11 Pseudomonas acrodermatitis enteropathica differential HIV infection 31.28 neuropathic 83.13 botryomycosis 26.72 diagnosis 63.26 infective cheilitis 110.87 NF1-associated 80.4 chronic paronychia 95.37 acropustulosis 95.41 ocular disease 109.43 nocturnal 83.14 diabetic infections 64.3 alcohol abuse co-morbidity 86.32 oral lesions 110.54 notalgia paraesthetica 83.13 HIV infection 31.20 alcohol misuse 35.4

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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allergic contact dermatitis differential macrophage inhibitory factor role 8.22 symmetrical drug-related intertriginous differential diagnosis 35.36 diagnosis 128.61, 128.62 male genital 111.9–10 and flexural exanthem differential disease course 35.36 alopecia areata association 89.29 management 19.10, 19.16, 31.15, 107.3 diagnosis 118.6 epidemiology 35.33 ano-genital 111.9–10, 112.16–17 biological therapies 19.29, 19.31, 31.16 systemic lupus erythematosus infantile/juvenile 35.35–6 assessment tools 16.2–3 calcipotriol 18.25 association 51.31 investigations 35.36 disease-specific quality of life coal tar use 18.32 tattoo association 123.21 management 35.36–7 measures 16.5–6 mechlorethamine therapy 18.27–8 tinea corporis differential pathophysiology 35.33–4 atypical 35.17 methotrexate 19.22 diagnosis 32.37 pregnancy 115.8 basal cell carcinoma differential psychological distress 11.4 tinea cruris differential diagnosis 32.47 prognosis 35.36 diagnosis 141.11 topical tacrolimus 18.20 TNF antagonist-induced 19.30 severity classification 35.36 cancer association 35.20 vitamin D analogues 18.24 TNF-α treatment 8.35 subacute annular 35.34–5 cardiovascular disease association 35.21 metabolic syndrome association 35.21 tonsillitis association 35.4 variants 35.34–6 chemokine role 8.40 MHC role 8.27 topical corticosteroid nail shedding 95.8 chemotherapy-induced nail change MMP activity 8.43 formulations 18.18–19 palmoplantar pustulosis 35.37–40 differential diagnosis 120.7 mucosal lesions 35.14, 35.15 topical tacrolimus therapy 18.20 subcorneal pustular dermatosis Chikungunya fever association 25.76 nail plate abnormalities 95.40 transient acantholytic dermatosis differential diagnosis 49.15 children 35.17–18 nails 35.12–14, 35.15, 95.38–43 association 87.22 Psoriasis Symptom Inventory (PSI) 16.3 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease differential diagnosis 95.44 treatment options 17.6 psoriatic arthritis 35.20, 35.42–6 association 35.21 discoloration 95.40 Turner syndrome 76.3 causes 35.44 classification 35.2 onycholysis 95.9, 95.39–40 unstable 35.16 classification 35.43 clinical features 31.15, 107.2–3 proximal nail fold UVB phototherapy 21.4, 21.7–8 clinical features 35.44 co-morbidities 11.6 capillaroscopy 95.53 uveitis 35.14 definition 35.42–3 cost-of-illness 6.7–9 non-pustular palmoplantar 35.12, 35.13 variants 35.15–18 diagnosis 35.44 Crohn disease association 35.20 nummular dermatitis differential vulval 112.16–17 differential diagnosis 35.44 defensin activity 8.14 diagnosis 39.9 warts 25.50 epidemiology 35.43–4 diabetes association 64.7 occupational 130.1, 130.2 Psoriasis Area and Severity Index genetics 35.43 differential diagnosis 31.15, 95.44 ocular lesions 35.14 (PASI) 16.2 investigations 35.44 discoid lupus erythematosus differential older people 35.18 Psoriasis Disability Index (PDI) 16.5 management 19.29, 19.31, 35.45, 35.46 diagnosis 51.9 onycholysis 95.9, 95.39–40 Psoriasis Family Impact questionnaire 16.7 MMP-9 expression 8.43 disease association 5.10 onychomycosis differential psoriasis, guttate 35.15–16, 127.32 nail psoriasis 35.13 disease-specific quality of life diagnosis 31.26 children 35.18 pathophysiology 35.44 measures 16.5–6 oral mucosa 110.78 differential diagnosis 35.18–19 presentation 154.2 distress 11.6 ostraceous 35.17 perianal streptococcal cellulitis severity classification 35.44 DRESS differential diagnosis 119.10 parakeratosis pustulosa association 26.33 treatment 35.44–6 drug combinations 18.25 association 95.41, 117.4 pityriasis lichenoides differential uveitis association 35.14 drug-induced 35.4 paronychia diagnosis 135.5 PSORIQoL 16.6 economic burden 6.7–9 acute 95.41 pityriasis rosea differential Psoroptidae 34.47 elephantine 35.17 subacute 95.41 diagnosis 25.92 PSTPIP1 gene mutations 45.8 epidemiology 107.2 pathogenesis 8.7 streptococcal infections 26.10 PSTPIP1/CD2BP1 gene mutations 49.3 erythrodermic 35.16–17, 39.32, 107.3 HIV infection 31.15 Psoriasis Life Stress Inventory (PLSI) 16.6 psychiatric disorders exacerbated 35.18 plaque-type 35.6 psoriasis, plaque 19.16, 35.1–31, 35.2–7, alcohol abuse co-morbidity 86.32 by antimalarials 19.6 pathophysiology 107.2 142.20 bullous pemphigoid association 50.11 exanthemic pustular 119.1–4 plaque-type 35.2–7 biological therapy 35.29–31 Dercum disease differential extramammary Paget disease differential patient education 15.3 blistering with UVB phototherapy 21.11 diagnosis 100.17 diagnosis 112.37 perineum/perianal region 113.7 cigarette smoking 35.4 genital chronic pain syndromes 111.36 eyelids 35.14, 109.5 photoaggravated guttate 127.32 clinical features 35.7–22 glucocorticoid adverse effects 19.19, flexural 35.11 photosensitive and polymorphic light complications/co-morbidities 35.20 19.20 erythrasma differential diagnosis 26.40 eruption association 127.2 disease course 35.21–2 oral manifestations 110.89 gel nail contraindication 95.62 phototherapy 31.15, 31.16 environmental factors 35.4–6 pruritus 83.13–14 genetics 35.2–4 physical trauma association 35.5–6 epidemiology 35.1–2 retinoid-induced 19.38 geographic tongue 35.14, 35.15 pityriasis rotunda differential flexural 35.11 seborrhoeic dermatitis association 40.4 hand eczema differential diagnosis diagnosis 87.8 follicular 35.11 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 39.16 pityriasis rubra pilaris differential genetics 35.2–4 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.6 histopathology 35.6–7 diagnosis 36.4 genital 35.11–12 psychoanalysis 86.39–40 HIV infection 31.15–16, 35.18 platelet role 8.26 histopathology 35.6–7 psychodermatology 1.8, 86.1–4 ichthyosis linearis circumflexa 89.53 porokeratosis differential history taking 35.7 alcohol misuse 86.32 immune activation 35.6 diagnosis 87.21 HIV infection 35.18 assessment 86.4 infantile 35.11, 117.4 pregnancy 115.8 immune-mediated inflammatory coping strategies 86.3–4 infection association 35.4, 35.20 outcomes 35.21 diseases 35.20 deliberate self-harm 86.30–1 inflammatory bowel disease pro-/anti-inflammatory prostanoid investigations 35.22 delusional beliefs 86.4–10 association 35.20, 114.4–5, 152.3 receptor targeting 8.49 management 35.22–31 depression 86.32–3 inflammatory linear verrucous proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.53 pathophysiology 35.2–7 disability 86.4 epidermal naevus overlap 75.5 pruritus 83.8, 83.9–10 phototherapy 35.25–6 disease classification 86.2 integrated management 11.8 psychological distress 11.3, 11.4, 15.2, presentation 35.8–10 drug treatments 86.35–8 integrins 8.9–10 35.4–5, 35.20, 86.2–3 prognosis 35.21–2 eating disorders 86.20–1, 89.63 irritant contact dermatitis differential psychological impact 11.2–4 scaling 35.9–10 factitious skin disease 86.22–32 diagnosis 129.4, 129.5 PUVA 21.4, 31.15 scalp 35.10–11 golden rules 86.2–3 keratolysis exfoliativa differential radiodermatitis differential seborrhoeic 35.11 multidisciplinary teams 86.2 diagnosis 87.24 diagnosis 120.13 severity classification 35.19–20 organizations 86.2 keratosis circumscripta differential rupioid 35.17 systemic therapy 35.26–9 psychiatric treatments 86.35 diagnosis 87.12 scale removal 35.9, 107.2–3 thickness measurement 16.3 psychogenic itch 86.21–2 Koebner phenomenon 35.5, 123.2, 129.4 scalp 35.10–11, 107.2–3 topical therapies 35.22–5 quality of life 86.4 Langerhans cell role 8.29 seborrhoeic dermatitis differential treatment 19.16, 35.26, 35.28 service provision models 86.2 laser treatment 23.11 diagnosis 31.15, 35.19, 39.4, 107.1, treatment ladder 35.31 stigmatization 86.3–4 lichen striatus differential 107.3 psoriasis, pustular 35.32–42, 119.4 suicide 86.33–5 diagnosis 37.20 segmental 35.17 acrodermatitis continua of visible differences 86.3–4 lichenification differential seronegative arthritis/spondylitis 154.5 Hallopeau 35.40–2 see also obsessive–compulsive disorder diagnosis 39.30 skin cancer association 35.20, 146.5 amicrobial pustulosis of the skin folds Psychodidae 34.6 lifestyle behaviours 11.6 social stigma 11.5, 16.6 differential diagnosis 49.17 psychogenic itch 86.21–2 linear 35.17, 35.18 static 35.15–16 CARD14-mediated 45.11 psychological distress liver disease association 35.21 stoma complication 114.4–5, 114.6, 152.7 generalized 35.32–7 atopic eczema association 41.15, 41.28 lower leg eczema differential subacute cutaneous lupus acute 35.34 coping 11.4 diagnosis 39.20 erythematosus association 51.12 acute of pregnancy 35.35 embarrassment 11.4 lupus vulgaris differential subungual hyperkeratosis 95.40 complications/co-morbidities 35.36 psoriasis 11.3, 11.4, 15.2, 35.5, 35.20, diagnosis 27.24 sunlight association 35.5 definition 35.32–3 86.2–3

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psychological factors 11.1–8, 15.2 hidradenitis suppurativa senile 155.3–4 pustular 49.4 acne vulgaris 90.23, 90.34–5 management 92.11 Sjögren syndrome 55.6 pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma alopecia areata 86.3 hypertrophic scars 23.10 Sneddon syndrome 101.21–2 gangrenosum and acne atopic eczema 41.15, 86.2 infantile haemangioma treatment 117.22 solar 101.5 syndrome 45.3, 45.8 blushing 106.3 keratosis pilaris treatment 87.11 systemic 101.17–20 respiratory disorder association 151.5 chronic skin disease 86.2–3 leg veins 23.10 thrombocytopenia 101.3, 101.4 rheumatoid arthritis association 154.6–7 chronic spontaneous urticaria 86.3 port-wine stains 23.7–9 thrombocytosis 101.11–12 rheumatoid neutrophilic impact of dermatological psoriasis 23.11 transfusion association 148.19 dermatosis 55.3 conditions 11.2–4 telangiectases 23.9–10 vascular coagulopathies 101.21–5 sarcoidosis association 98.14 integrated clinical management viral warts 23.10, 23.11 Waldenström severity classification 49.4–5 impact 11.7–8 punctate keratoderma of genetic origin hypergammaglobulinaemic 101.7–8 stoma complication 114.7–8, 114.9, non-adherence to treatment 11.4 palmoplantar 65.51–2, 65.54 35.38–9 114.10, 152.7 treatment challenges 11.6–7 plantar wart differential diagnosis 25.50 pustular miliaria, folliculitis differential subcorneal pustular dermatosis psychological therapies 86.38–40 punctate keratosis of palmar creases 65.53 diagnosis 26.22 association 49.14 cognitive behavioural therapy, body purpura 101.1–25 pustular ulcerative syphilide 29.13 Sweet syndrome coexistence 148.7 dysmorphic disorder 86.12–13, 86.39 acroangiodermatitis 101.5 pustules 3.38 systemic lupus erythematosus therapeutic relationship 86.39 actinic 101.5 bowel-associated dermatosis–arthritis association 51.30 wart treatment 25.54 allergic contact dermatitis 128.60 syndrome 49.13 ulcerative colitis association 154.5 psychoneuroimmunology 11.3 allergic genital anaphylactoid 111.20 iatrogenic of scalp 107.12 variants 49.1, 49.3–4 Psychosomatic Scale for Atopic Dermatitis amyloid 58.10 monkeypox 25.8 pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata (PSS-AD) 16.6 annular in sports enthusiasts 123.15 vaccinia virus 25.7 and suppurative hidradenitis (PASH) psychotherapy annularis telangiectodes 101.8, 101.9 pustulosis syndrome 49.2, 49.3, 49.6, 90.54 dynamic 86.39–40 antiphospholipid syndrome 101.17, amicrobial of the skin folds 49.16–17 after bowel bypass surgery 49.12 interpersonal 86.39 101.19–20 autoinflammatory syndromes pyoderma gangrenosum, acne conglobata, psychotropic drugs 88.27 artefact 86.27 with 45.7–8 suppurative hidradenitis and acne association 90.11 artefactual bleeding 101.6–7 Malassezia 116.27 seronegative spondyloarthritis PTCH1 mutations 141.3, 141.15, 141.18 atrophie blanche 101.22–3 neonatal cephalic 116.27 (PASS) syndrome 90.54 PTEN gene mutations 73.9, 80.13, 110.24 Bateman 101.5, 155.3–4 see also acute generalized exanthematous pyodermatitis–pyostomatitis PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue 147.11 benign hypergammaglobulinaemic pustulosis (AGEP); palmoplantar vegetans 49.16 PTEN hamartomatous tumour 101.7–8 pustulosis inflammatory bowel disease syndrome 73.9, 74.8, 80.13–15, calcific uraemic arteriolopathy 101.24–5 PUVA see photochemotherapy (PUVA) association 152.2–3 132.3, 147.11 cardiac embolus 101.16–17 pyknosis 3.38 pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma arteriovenous malformations 73.7 causes 101.2 pyoderma gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) basal cell carcinoma 141.5 non-thrombocytopenic 101.6 chancriform 26.82–3 syndrome 49.2, 49.3, 49.6 benign symmetrical lipomatosis cholesterol emboli 101.15–16 cicatricial pemphigoid differential acne association 154.10 differential diagnosis 100.15 classification 101.2, 101.3 diagnosis 50.51 pyogenic granuloma 137.26–8 clinical features 80.14 colour change 101.1–2 faciale 90.29, 91.15–16 acne 90.36 congenital epidermal naevi 75.3–4 contact dermatitis 101.9 fistulans significa 92.1 bacillary angiomatosis differential diagnosis 80.14 corticosteroid 101.5–6 mycosis-like 49.16 diagnosis 26.62 genetics 80.13, 80.14 cryogelling/cryoagglutination vegetans 26.83, 49.16 clinical features 137.27 infiltrating lipomatosis of the face disorders 101.12–15 pyoderma gangrenosum 49.1–6, 148.7 definition 137.26 differential diagnosis 100.18 cultural remedies 101.6 acne conglobata association 90.54 epidemiology 137.26 malignancy association 147.11 Cushing syndrome 101.5–6 associated diseases 49.1–2 granuloma gravidarum 137.26 management 80.15 cutaneous microvascular occlusion atypical 49.1 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.5 mucocutaneous lesions 80.14 disorders 101.10–15 bullous variant 49.4, 148.7 Kaposi sarcoma differential oral lesions 110.24 cutaneous vasculitis differential classical ulcerative 49.1, 49.3 diagnosis 31.29 pathophysiology 80.14 diagnosis 102.4 clinical features 49.3–5 laser therapy 23.10 punctate keratoderma 147.17 definition 101.1 cocaine use 121.3 management 137.27–8 storiform collagenoma association 137.3 differential diagnosis 101.1 complications/co-morbidities 49.5 molluscum contagiosum differential p-tertiary-butylphenol formaldehyde dysproteinaemic 101.7–8 definition 49.1 diagnosis 25.13 resin 128.14 emboli 101.15–20 differential diagnosis 49.4 nail apparatus 95.21–2 pterygium syndromes 72.33, 95.10 exercise-induced 101.5, 101.9 disease course 49.5 orf differential diagnosis 25.10 pterygoid muscles 110.5 external causes 101.2 dissecting cellulitis of scalp differential pathophysiology 137.26–7 Pthirus pubis 34.17, 34.22–3 Fabry disease differential diagnosis 81.8 diagnosis 107.8 pregnancy 115.2 ptosis 109.5 Favre–Chaix 101.8 ecthyma differential diagnosis 26.17 pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma blepharochalasis differential fulminans, neonatal 116.21, 116.26 epidemiology 49.1–2 gangrenosum and acne (PAPA) diagnosis 96.25 granulomatosis with polyangiitis 102.25 extracutaneous 49.4 syndrome 45.3, 45.8, 90.9 Horner syndrome 85.15 gravitational 101.4–5 genetics 49.3 acne conglobata association 90.54 PTPN11 gene mutations 80.8 heparin necrosis 101.10–11 genital ulceration 111.18 acne fulminans association 90.50–1 PTPN14 gene mutations 73.20 infections in vessels 101.15 glanders differential diagnosis 26.54 Pyometes mites 34.49 with inflammation 101.2 granulomatous superficial 49.4 pyostomatitis vegetans age effects on drug therapeutic intravascular bleeding 101.2 hepatitis association 152.9 oral lesions 110.42 outcomes 14.7 itching 101.8, 101.9, 101.10 hidradenitis suppurativa pyoderma gangrenosum differential androgen effects on hair growth 89.8–9 lichen aureus 101.8, 101.9, 101.10 association 92.2 diagnosis 49.4 hair growth 89.9 livedoid vasculopathy 101.22–3 hypertensive ischaemic leg ulcer pyrantel pamoate miniature 116.4 localized oral 110.68 differential diagnosis 104.13 ancylostomiasis 33.15 pubic hair 111.5 lupus anticoagulant syndrome 101.19– infantile 26.84 enterobiasis treatment 33.14 hair pulling 86.17, 86.18 20 inflammatory bowel disease pyrazinamide 27.9, 27.10 pubic lice, perineum/perianal malignant atrophic papulosis 101.23–4 association 152.2 pyrethroids 18.13 region 113.13 management 101.1 investigations 49.5 pyridoxine deficiency 63.17–18 public health 5.4–8 mechanical vascular causes 101.2 malignancy association 147.23 niacin deficiency differential PubMed Clinical Queries 17.7 myeloproliferative disorders 101.11–12 management 49.5–6 diagnosis 63.17 Pulex irritans 34.12 oral hyperpigmentation 110.68 necrotizing subcutaneous infection pyrimethamine, toxoplasmosis Pulicidae 34.12 oxalate embolus 101.16–17 differential diagnosis 26.74 treatment 33.52 pulmonary arterial hypertension in paroxysmal finger haematoma 101.6 neutrophil role 49.2 pyruvic acid, chemical peel 159.4 systemic sclerosis 56.11, 56.15, physical bleeding 101.6–7 neutrophilic dermatosis of dorsal hands Pythium insidiosum 32.95 56.18, 56.21 pigmented purpuric dermatoses 88.49, differential diagnosis 49.10 pulmonary stenosis with café-au-lait 101.8–10 nomenclature 49.1 Q macules 80.5, 80.7 platelet disorders 101.4 parastomal 49.3–4 , infectious panniculitis 99.44 pulmonary thromboembolism, venous platelet plugging 101.10–12 pathophysiology 49.2–3 Q-switched lasers 23.3, 23.12 malformation association 73.11 progressiva pigmentosa 101.8 penile ulceration differential actinic lentigines 23.12–13 pulse granuloma 110.61–2 protein C/protein S deficiency 101.17– diagnosis 111.8 ephelides 23.12 pulsed dye lasers (PDL) 23.6 19 pityriasis lichenoides differential genital melanosis treatment 23.13 complications 23.11 raised intravascular pressure 101.4–5 diagnosis 135.5 lentigines 160.5 granuloma faciale 23.11 scurvy 101.6 prognosis 49.5 lentiginous naevi 23.14

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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melanocytic naevi 23.14 adjuvant RANTES 2.12, 8.38 DNA damage in basal cell melasma treatment 160.5–6 skin cancer 140.9 ranula 110.60–1 carcinoma 141.3 naevus of Ota 23.14 squamous cell carcinoma rapamycin 5-LO in induction of production 8.49 pigmented lesion treatment 160.4–6 treatment 142.32 hidradenitis suppurativa induction 92.3 matrix metalloproteinase induction 9.11 speckled naevi 23.14 angiosarcoma induction 120.13, 137.36, port-wine stains 23.9 signal transduction pathway tattoo treatment 23.12 137.37 Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome 67.16 stimulation 8.45 quality of life 4.5, 86.4 applicators 24.2 Rapunzel syndrome 86.19 skin ageing 155.4, 155.6, 155.7–8, 155.9 acne measures 16.6 atypical fibroxanthoma 24.19, 137.22 RAS gene mosaicism 75.6 reactive perforating collagenosis 153.3 acne vulgaris impact 90.33, 90.34, 90.34 atypical vascular proliferation RASA1 gene mutations 73.3, 103.20, rebound phenomenon, topical assessment 16.4 after 137.40, 137.41 103.25, 103.27 corticosteroids 18.18 atopic eczema 41.21 basal cell carcinoma 140.7–12 rash recall reaction, chemotherapy- measures 16.6 adjuvant 140.9 acrodermatitis enteropathica 81.17 induced 120.11–12 dermatology-specific measures 16.4–5 recurrence 24.19 adult-onset Still disease 45.10 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) 14.4, 14.5 disease-specific measures 16.5–6 treatment 141.16 ancylostomiasis 33.15 receptor–effector system 14.4 general health measures 16.4 bathing cap distribution 24.3, 24.4 antimony reactions 122.2 recombinant DNA technology 19.28 health economics 6.3, 6.4–5, 6.9 benign conditions 24.3, 24.6–7 autoinflammatory granulomatosis of recombinant human growth hormone hidradenitis suppurativa 92.9 Bowen disease 24.13 childhood 45.7 (rhGH) measures 16.4–7 treatment 142.23 complement deficiency 82.18 burn treatment 126.10 clinical use 16.8 cutaneous B-cell lymphoma 24.16 dermatomyositis 53.4, 53.5, 53.6, 53.11 therapy 149.17 minimal clinically important difference cutaneous lymphoma 24.14 ehrlichiosis 26.63 RECQL2 gene 72.22 (MCID) of score 16.4 cutaneous T-cell lymphoma 24.16 enterovirus infection 25.80, 25.81 recurrent aphthous stomatitis, morphoea 57.23 dermatofibrosarcoma gold therapy 122.3–4 Adamantiades–Behçet disease pruritus 83.3 protruberans 24.14 26.49 association 48.2 psoriasis measures 16.5–6 dosage 24.3 neonatal 116.10 recurrent cutaneous necrotizing seborrhoeic dermatitis 40.4–5 dose fractionation 24.9 papular facial 90.31–2 eosinophilic vasculitis 102.10–11 quality-adjusted life year (QALY) 6.3, hidradenitis suppurativa rubella infection 25.78, 25.79 recurrent focal palmar peeling 39.15 6.4, 16.6 management 92.11 severe combined immunodeficiency recurrent oro-facial and cutaneous quantitative risk assessment (QRA) HIV infection 31.34 82.7 herpes 25.18–20 procedure 128.2 implants 24.2, 24.7 syphilis recurrent toxin-mediated perineal quaternium-15 128.34 indications for 24.3, 24.6–9 congenital disease 29.28, 29.30 erythema 26.32 Questionnaire on Experience with Skin intensity modulated 24.3 secondary disease 29.10, 29.11, 29.12 red burning scrotum syndrome 111.36 Complaints (QES) 16.6 Kaposi sarcoma 24.13 Ras/MAPK pathway 80.8, 80.9 Reduviidae 34.27–8 Quincke’s oedema see angio-oedema keloid 24.7 RASopathies 75.6, 75.14, 80.8–9, 150.3–4 re-epithelialization, wound healing 10.1, quinines keratoacanthoma 24.6, 142.36 see also neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) 10.4–6, 10.10 photoallergic contact dermatitis 128.78 lentigo maligna 24.13 rat-bite fever 26.71–2, 131.4–5 refeeding syndrome 63.6 phototoxicity 127.28 lentigo maligna melanoma 24.13 streptobacillary 26.72 reflectance confocal microscopy 4.21–2, quinolones 119.2, 119.4 malignant conditions 140.7–9 rational medicine 1.2–3 95.49, 95.50 megavoltage X-ray therapy rationalization (economic) 6.5 skin ageing measurement 155.5 R technique 24.3 Raynaud disease 125.8 reflex neurovascular dystrophy 85.13 racial factors melanoma 24.13 hand–arm vibration syndrome reflex sympathetic dystrophy 85.13 actinic keratoses 142.2 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.8 differential diagnosis 123.24 hyperhidrosis 94.5 allergic contact dermatitis 128.6 metastases 24.14 primary biliary cirrhosis 152.5 see also complex regional pain syndrome multiple self-healing squamous morphoea association 57.10–11 Raynaud phenomenon 125.8–10 (CRPS) epithelioma 142.36 morphoea induction 120.14 acrocyanosis differential diagnosis 125.5 Refsum disease 65.27–9 sarcoidosis 98.2, 98.13 moulds 24.2 acroosteolysis 95.47 clinical features 65.28–9 skin colour 88.2 mycosis fungoides management aetiology 125.8 definition 65.27 variation 88.9 24.14–16, 140.24 clinical features 125.9 genetics 65.28 squamous cell carcinoma 142.26 panniculitis induction 120.14 definition 125.8 infantile 65.28 radiation post-ionizing radiation keratosis 142.14 diagnosis 56.18, 56.19 management 65.29 acute reaction 24.16–18 post-irradiation angiosarcoma 120.13, diagnostic criteria 125.8 pathophysiology 65.28 epilation 24.6 137.36, 137.37 digital nerves 85.3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) 8.29, 8.30 late reaction 24.18–19 sarcoma development 24.19 epidemiology 125.9 allergic contact dermatitis 128.7 occupational actinic keratosis 142.2 sclerosing postirradiation fibroblastic rheumatism 55.4, 154.8 atopic eczema 41.10–11 post-ionizing radiation keratosis 142.14 panniculitis 99.59–61 hyperhidrosis 94.5 dendritic cell actions 8.35 squamous cell carcinoma Sézary syndrome 140.24 investigations 125.9 mycosis fungoides 140.6–7 complication 142.27 skin cancer 24.1–16, 146.9, 146.14 malignancy association 147.24 regulome 7.1 visible 9.1 adjuvant 140.9 management 125.9–10 26.68–9, 34.21 radiation carcinogenesis 24.6, 24.7 recurrence 24.19 mechanical properties of skin 123.5 epidemic 26.68–9 risk 24.3 skin side effects 120.12–14 nail fold capillaroscopy 56.13–14 louse-borne 26.68–9 radiation recall, chemotherapy- squamous cell carcinoma 140.7–13 pathophysiology 125.9 tick-borne 26.69, 34.35, 34.38 induced 120.11–12 adjuvant 140.9 penile 111.19 relapsing polychondritis 154.11–13 radical oxygen species 8.44–5 recurrence 24.19 primary 125.8, 125.9 associated conditions 154.11 radiodermatitis 107.4, 107.5, treatment 142.32 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy clinical features 154.11–13 120.12–14 stocking distribution 24.3, 24.5–6 95.51–2 definition 154.11 acute 24.16–18, 120.13 superficial treatment technique 24.2, 24.3 rheumatoid arthritis 55.3 diagnosis 154.13 ano-genital 111.11 Sweet syndrome association 148.6 secondary 125.8, 125.9 disease course 154.12 chronic 24.18–19, 120.13 swollen breast 105.23 Sneddon syndrome 101.21 ear piercing complications 108.8 clinical features 120.12–13 TomoTherapy 24.3, 24.5–6 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.24 genital ulceration 111.18 epidemiology 120.12 treatment regimens 24.9 systemic sclerosis 56.4, 56.13–14 nomenclature 154.11 grades 120.13 tumours induced by/recurrence 24.19 differential diagnosis 56.15 pathology 154.11 infections 120.13 ulceration 120.13 vibration white finger 123.23, 130.14–15 respiratory disease association 151.2 investigations 120.13 vascular neoplasms 120.13 see also mixed connective tissue disease treatment 154.13 management 24.17–18, 120.13 X-ray photon beams 24.1 reactive angioendotheliomatosis 137.24–5 relative risk 17.16–17 pathophysiology 120.12 see also electron beam radiotherapy malignant form 137.24 relaxed skin tension lines (RSTLs) 20.2, perineum/perianal region 113.8 raised linear bands of infancy 116.17–18 reactive arthritis 110.31, 154.2 20.15 radiation recall differential raltegravir 31.10 Chlamydia infection 30.12, 30.13, 30.15 2.33 diagnosis 120.12 Ramsay Hunt syndrome 84.3 vulval 112.17 relaxin family peptide receptor 1 radiofrequency devices, skin external ear 108.15 reactive cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (RFPR1) 2.33 tightening 160.10–11 random-effects models 17.9–10 see lymphocytoma cutis renal angiomyolipoma 45.7 radioisotope scans 4.22 randomized controlled trials (RCT) reactive dermopathy 72.18 renal anomalies, external ear anomaly radiosensitivity 24.3 evidence-based medicine 17.2–3 reactive inflammatory erythemas 47.1–15, association 108.3, 108.4 radiotherapy 24.1–19 negative results 17.3 47.16 renal diseases abdominal wall lymphoedema question type 17.5 reactive oxygen species (ROS) 9.4, 9.5 acquired disorders 153.6 cause 105.21 systematic reviews 17.8 ageing of skin 8.44, 155.4, 155.6, 155.7–8, dialysis 153.3–5 actinic keratosis incidence 142.3 range (data) 17.18 155.9 DRESS syndrome 119.8

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renal diseases (continued) retinoid(s) rhabdovirus infections 25.84 management 26.55–6 inherited disorders 153.1–2 acanthosis nigricans treatment 87.5 Rhagionidae 34.7 pathophysiology 26.54 metabolic disorders 153.2–3 acquired ichthyoses treatment 87.2 Rhazes (Persian physician) 1.3 rhinosporidiosis 32.79–80 oral manifestations 110.90 cheilitis 110.84 rheumatic endocarditis 101.17 Rhinosporidium seeberi 32.79 renal transplantation 153.5–6 congenital ichthyoses treatment 65.38–9 rheumatic fever 55.8, 154.4 rhinovirus 25.80 systemic diseases 153.2–3 dermatitis side effect 18.29 cardiac involvement 150.5 riboflavin deficiency 63.14–15 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.17, endogenous 18.22 Duckett Jones criteria for iron deficiency differential 51.29, 51.32 Flegel disease treatment 87.17 diagnosis 47.12 diagnosis 63.24 tuberous sclerosis complex 80.12 hand eczema treatment 39.17–18 erythema marginatum Richter–Hanhart syndrome see renal failure 153.3–5 harlequin ichthyosis treatment 65.8 association 47.12–13 tyrosinaemia type 2 hyperpigmentation 88.22 hidradenitis suppurativa nodules 55.2, 55.8 rickets renal osteodystrophy, bone management 92.10 rheumatoid nodule differential congenital ichthyoses 65.39 resorption 95.48 HPV infection treatment 18.13 diagnosis 55.2 hypophosphataemic 75.7–8 renal transplantation 153.5–6 keratitis–ichthyosis–deafness scarlet fever association 26.35 vitamin D-deficient 63.9, 63.10 renal tubular acidosis, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 65.30, 65.32 rheumatism, fibroblastic 154.8 vitamin D-resistant, atrichia with syndrome association 72.1 keratosis pilaris treatment 87.11 rheumatoid arthritis 55.1–4, 154.5–8 papular lesions differential repeatability 5.13 melasma treatment 88.12 arteritis 55.3 diagnosis 68.4, 68.13–14, 68.14 repifermin 10.11 multiple minute digitate keratoses atrophic skin 154.6 Rickettsia akari 26.78 resins, allergy 128.5, 128.48–51 treatment 87.18 callosities 123.7 Rickettsia australiensis 26.78 resorcin, hair pigmentary changes 89.71 mycosis fungoides treatment 140.24 cryoglobulins 101.13 Rickettsia conori 26.78 resorcinol nail psoriasis treatment 95.42 epidemiology 55.1 Rickettsia felis 34.12 chemical peel 159.4 neutral lipid storage disease with gangrene 55.3 Rickettsia mooseri 26.77 treatment 18.12 ichthyosis 65.33 gold therapy 122.3–4 Rickettsia prowazekii 26.76, 34.12, 34.21 hidradenitis suppurativa papulopustular acne treatment 90.40 hyperpigmentation 88.20 Rickettsia rickettsii 26.77 management 92.9 porokeratosis management 87.22 interstitial granulomatous dermatosis Rickettsia tsutsugamushi 26.79 systemic toxicity 159.12 prepubertal acne treatment 90.63 association 55.2–3, 154.14 Rickettsia typhi 34.12 respiratory papillomatosis 25.57 Sézary syndrome treatment 140.24 leg ulcers 55.3 rickettsial infections 26.76–9 respiratory syncytial virus 25.86 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome linear subcutaneous bands 55.2–3 management 26.76 respiratory system disorders 151.1–7 treatment 65.30 livedo reticularis 55.4 26.78–9 allergy 151.1–2 skin cancer treatment in management 19.5 rifabutin 19.43 autoimmune disorder immunocompromised neutrophilic dermatosis 55.3 rifampicin 19.43, 27.9, 27.10 association 151.2–3 patients 146.16 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.52 drug eruptions 31.17 congenital disorder association 151.4–5 wart treatment 25.54 psoriatic arthritis differential hidradenitis suppurativa dermatomyositis 53.8–9, 53.11 see also acitretin; etretinate; isotretinoin; diagnosis 35.44 management 92.9 DRESS association 119.9 vitamin A pyoderma gangrenosum leprosy treatment 28.15 genetic syndromes 151.4–5 retinoid(s), oral association 49.2 rifamycin 19.43 infection association 151.1–2, 151.4 Bowen disease treatment 142.23 rheumatoid nodules 55.2 Rift Valley fever 25.72 inherited disorder association 151.2, Darier disease treatment 66.9 skin cancer 154.15 Riley–Day syndrome, hyperhidrosis 94.5 151.4–5 mal de Meleda treatment 65.49 association 146.5 rilonacept 19.32 interstitial lung disease 53.8–9 ocular side effects 109.43 subacute cutaneous lupus ringworm Stevens–Johnson syndrome 119.17, palmoplantar pustulosis treatment 35.40 erythematosus association 51.12 annular 32.22 119.18 squamous cell carcinoma secondary subcorneal pustular dermatosis beard/moustache area 32.41 systemic disease association 151.5–7 prevention 142.32 association 49.14 foot 32.42–5 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.28–9 retinoid(s), systemic 18.22, 19.37–40 systemic lupus erythematosus glabrous skin 32.35–7, 32.41–2 toxic epidermal necrolysis 119.17, 119.18 adverse effects 19.38 association 51.27–8, 51.30 hand 32.45–6 vasculitis association 151.3–4 cautions 19.39 differential diagnosis 51.27 infants 117.9 respiratory tract nodules, granulomatosis contraindications 19.39 systemic sclerosis nails 32.47–9 with polyangiitis 102.25, 102.26 dermatological uses 19.37 association 56.7 pityriasis rosea differential restless legs syndrome 85.16–17 drug–drug interactions 19.39 overlap 56.8 diagnosis 25.92 restriction fragment length polymorphisms keratoacanthoma treatment 142.36 vascular lesions 55.3 scalp 32.38–41 (RFLPs) 7.8 monitoring 19.40 rheumatoid disease 55.1–8 steroid-modified 32.50 restrictive dermopathy 72.20, 79.2 pharmacological properties 19.37–8 rheumatoid factor, Sjögren syndromes 32.35–51 collodion baby differential pre-treatment screening 19.39 syndrome 55.7 trichotillomania differential diagnosis 116.19 recessive X-linked ichthyosis rheumatoid neutrophilic dermatosis 55.3, diagnosis 89.46 Neu–Laxova syndrome differential treatment 65.6 154.7–8 X-ray therapy 107.4 diagnosis 65.34 retinoid(s), topical 2.31, 18.21–3 rheumatoid nodules 55.2, 99.15–16, 154.6, ritonavir resuscitation, burns 126.1, 126.2–4 actinic keratosis treatment 142.11 154.7 drug eruptions 31.18 resuscitation formula ageing of skin 155.9 definition 99.15 psoriasis therapy 31.16 burns 126.3–4 comedonal acne treatment 90.39 differential diagnosis 99.15–16 Ritter disease 26.27 colloid 126.4 cutaneous amyloidoses treatment 58.13 investigations 99.16 rituximab 19.32, 19.33–4 crystalloid 126.4 Darier disease treatment 66.9 knuckle pads differential atopic eczema treatment 41.33–4 RET gene mutations 147.10 plaque psoriasis treatment 35.25 diagnosis 96.35 bullous systemic lupus erythematosus retapamulin 18.11 retinoid cheilitis 90.46, 90.48 palisading necrobiotic granuloma 99.16 treatment 50.48, 50.49 reticular degeneration 3.35 retinoid dermatitis 90.46, 90.48 pathophysiology 99.15 dermatomyositis treatment 53.12 reticular erythematous mucinosis 59.8–9 retinoid X receptors (RXR) 18.21–2 subcutaneous granuloma annulare discoid lupus erythematosus reticulate acropigmentation of retinol 18.22 differential diagnosis 99.14 treatment 51.11 Kitamura 70.3, 70.14, 70.15 antiageing products 156.5, 156.10 variants 99.15 epidermolysis bullosa acquisita reticuloendothelial system, topical 18.22 rheumatological disease treatment 50.46 sarcoidosis 98.5 retinopathy, antimalarial-induced 19.6–7 DRESS syndrome association 119.6 pemphigus treatment 50.9 reticulohistiocytoma 136.20, 136.23 retinyl esters 156.10–11 malignancy association 147.19–21 rheumatoid nodule treatment 154.6 reticulohistiocytosis see multicentric antiageing products 156.5 rhinoconjunctivitis systemic lupus erythematosus reticulohistiocytosis reverse transcriptase inhibitors 31.9 allergic 151.1–2 treatment 51.36 retiform haemangioendothelioma 137.34 Revesz syndrome 77.3–4 platinum toxicity 122.9 river blindness see onchocerciasis retinaldehyde, antiageing products 156.5 rexinoids, mycosis fungoides/Sézary rhinoentomophthoromycosis 32.80–1 RNA, splicing 7.6 , Refsum syndrome treatment 140.23, 140.24 rhinophyma RNA viruses 25.3, 25.4 disease 65.28–9 rhabdomyocytes, high-power carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18, RNase 2,3,7 2.12 retinoic acid microscopy 3.32 23.19 Ro antibodies 116.12 acne vulgaris treatment 18.22 rhabdomyolysis, varicella infection 25.26 electrosurgery 20.41, 20.42 Rochalimea henselae see Bartonella henselae antiageing products 156.5 rhabdomyoma 137.58 rosacea-associated 91.7–8, 91.11, 91.12 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 26.77–8, chemical peel 159.2, 159.13 oral 110.62 26.54–6 34.38 dyslipidaemia induction 62.11 rhabdomyosarcoma clinical features 26.54–5 ehrlichiosis differential diagnosis 26.63 topical 18.22 cutaneous 137.58 differential diagnosis 26.55 rodent bites 131.4–5 wart treatment 25.52 oral 110.62 epidemiology 26.54 rodent ulcer see basal cell carcinoma (BCC) retinoic acid nuclear receptors 2.31 rhabdomyosarcomatous congenital infective cheilitis 110.87 Roman Empire 1.3 retinoic acid receptors (RAR) 18.21–2 hamartoma 137.57–8 investigations 26.55 Romaña’s sign 33.39

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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Rombo syndrome basal cell carcinoma 141.5 harvesting 105.49 pathophysiology 98.2–5 basal cell carcinoma 141.4 clinical features 77.5–6 post-traumatic eczema 39.25 patient assessment 98.16 milia association 134.5 Cockayne syndrome differential SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, plaque 98.8, 98.9, 98.10 rosacea 91.1–19 diagnosis 78.9 hyperostosis and osteitis) psoriasiform 98.13 acne differential diagnosis 90.28–9 congenital erosive and vesicular syndrome 45.11 pulmonary 98.5 antimicrobial peptides 2.12 dermatosis with reticulated scarring acne association 90.6, 90.8, 154.10 renal involvement 153.6 associated dermatoses 91.4, 91.15–19 differential diagnosis 96.12 acne conglobata association 90.54 respiratory disorder association 151.5 atypical distribution 91.8–9 definition 77.5 acne fulminans association 90.50, 90.52 sarcoid granuloma 98.2, 98.3, 98.4 causative organisms 91.4, 91.5 differential diagnosis 77.6 hidradenitis suppurativa subcutaneous sarcoidosis 98.10 chalazion association 109.48 dyskeratosis congenita differential association 92.2 scar 98.9, 98.12 classification 91.1, 91.2 diagnosis 69.15 IL-1 antagonist therapy 19.32 scarring alopecia 98.14 clinical features 91.6–12 Kindler syndrome differential palmoplantar pustulosis sclerosing panniculitis differential complications/co-morbidities 91.11–12 diagnosis 71.19 association 35.38 diagnosis 99.29 conglobata 91.15–16 malignancy association 147.12 prepubertal acne association 90.60 subcutaneous 98.10, 98.12, 99.50–1 corticosteroid-induced development/ management 77.7 saponification 99.40 definition 99.50 exacerbation 18.17 neonatal lupus erythematosus saquinavir, drug eruptions 31.18 epidemiology 99.50 definition 91.1 differential diagnosis 51.38, 116.13 sarcoid investigations 99.50–1 Demodex role 34.53 pathophysiology 77.5 cutaneous reaction 98.17 systemic lupus erythematosus differential diagnosis 91.9–11 premature hair greying 89.70 facial and laser treatment 23.18 association 51.31 disease course 91.12 Werner syndrome differential genital lesions 111.20 systemic manifestations 98.5–6 environmental factors 91.6 diagnosis 72.23 granulomatous rosacea differential testicular 98.14 epidemiology 91.3–4 xeroderma pigmentosum differential diagnosis 91.9 TNF antagonist-induced 19.30 erythematotelangiectatic 91.1, 91.2, 91.3 diagnosis 78.6 idiopathic reactions 98.17 ulcerative 98.13 clinical features 91.6 rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), sarcoid dactylitis 98.12 verrucous 98.13 differential diagnosis 91.9, 91.10 collagen biosynthesis 2.30 chronic 154.8 vulval 98.14 disease course 91.12 rove beetles 34.29 sarcoid granuloma 98.2, 98.3, 98.4 sarcoma management 91.13, 91.14 Rowell syndrome 47.6 calcification 99.51 clear cell 137.66 flushing 106.4–5 R-spondin 4 2.10 cutaneous 98.17 epithelial membrane antigen fulminans 90.29, 91.15–16 R-spondin transcription factors 2.5 environmental factors 98.4–5 expression 3.19–20 pregnancy 115.9 rubber allergy 128.5, 128.43–5 subcutaneous sarcoidosis 98.10 epithelioid 137.65–6 genetics 91.5–6 ano-genital eczema 111.11 sarcoidosis 98.1–17, 107.5, 107.6–7, 154.8 lymphoedema association 105.22 granulomatous 91.8–9 shoes 128.47 angiolupoid 98.12 post-irradiation 24.19 periorificial dermatitis differential rubella infection 25.78–9 annular elastolytic giant cell granuloma radiation-induced 24.19 diagnosis 91.18 arthritis 154.2 differential diagnosis 96.27 skin 146.12 incidence 91.3 congenital 25.79, 116.22–3 associated diseases 98.2 Sarcophagidae 34.10 investigations 91.12 neonatal lupus erythematosus cardiac involvement 150.4 Sarcoptes scabiei 115.4 lymphocytoma cutis differential differential diagnosis 116.13 causative organisms 98.4 perineum/perianal region 113.12 diagnosis 135.9 scarlet fever differential diagnosis 26.36 clinical features 98.5–6 Sarcoptidae 34.39–40, 34.41–2, 34.42, lymphoedematous 91.11 vaccination 25.79 cutaneous 98.6–10, 98.11, 98.12–17 34.43–5, 34.46, 34.47 management 91.12–14, 91.15 rubeosis 64.2 variant 99.50 Sarocladium strictum 32.55 mucous membrane pemphigoid Rubinstein–Taybi syndrome CXCR3 expression 8.39 Satchmo syndrome 123.12 differential diagnosis 50.29 keloid association 96.47 definition 98.1 saturated fatty acids 32.21 ocular 91.1, 91.2, 91.3, 91.4 pilomatricoma association 138.13 diagnostic criteria 98.15, 98.16 saturnism 122.4–5 clinical features 91.8 rule of hand 18.4 differential diagnosis 98.2 saw-toothing 3.38 differential diagnosis 91.11 environmental factors 98.4–5 scabies 27.5, 34.39–40, 34.41–2, 34.42, disease course 91.12 S epidemiology 98.1–2 34.43–5, 34.46, 34.47 management 91.13, 91.14, 91.15 S-100 protein 3.20–1, 3.23 erythema nodosum 98.1, 98.6, 98.14, allergic contact dermatitis differential papulopustular 91.1, 91.2, 91.3 S100A7 2.12 98.15, 99.20–1 diagnosis 128.62 actinic folliculitis differential sacral dimple 85.9 differential diagnosis 98.2, 98.12 animal 34.47 diagnosis 93.6 sacroiliitis 154.8 erythrodermic 98.13 atopic eczema differential atypical distribution 91.8 acne conglobata association 154.10 extrapulmonary 98.5–6 diagnosis 41.21 clinical features 91.6, 91.7 saddle-nose deformity, congenital genetics 98.4 atypical forms 34.40, 43.42 differential diagnosis 91.10–11 syphilis 29.17, 29.29 genital 98.14 bedbug bite differential diagnosis 34.25 disease course 91.12 SAHA (seborrhoea, acne, hirsutism granuloma annulare differential clinical features 34.40, 34.41–2, 34.43 management 91.13, 91.14, 91.14–15 and androgenetic alopecia) diagnosis 97.7 animal scabies 34.47 pathophysiology 91.4–6 syndrome 89.65, 149.17 granulomatous cheilitis differential crusted 34.45, 34.46, 34.47 periorificial dermatitis differential acne 90.9 diagnosis 110.86 complications 34.40, 34.43 diagnosis 91.11, 91.18 sailor’s lip 110.78–9 hypopigmented 98.13 corticosteroid therapy 18.17 phymatous 91.1, 91.2, 91.3 salbutamol 18.37 with hypopituitarism 149.16 crusted 34.45, 34.46, 34.47 atypical distribution 91.8 salicylic acid ichthyosiform 98.13 clinical features 34.45, 34.46, 34.47 clinical features 91.7–8 acanthosis nigricans treatment 87.5 immunopathogenesis 98.2–4 management 34.47 differential diagnosis 91.11 acne therapy 90.49 investigations 98.14–15 pathophysiology 34.45 management 91.13, 91.14, 91.15 acquired ichthyoses treatment 87.2 leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11 definition 34.39 pregnancy 115.8–9 antiageing products 156.3 lesion location 98.14 dermatitis herpetiformis differential prevalence 91.3 chemical peel 88.34, 159.1, 159.3, 159.4, leukaemia cutis differential diagnosis 50.53 prognosis 91.12 159.9 diagnosis 140.49 ecthyma association 26.17 sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 98.2 skin of colour 159.13 lichenoid 98.13 epidemic (Panama) 5.2 severity grading 91.1, 91.2 keratosis pilaris treatment 87.11 lip lesions 110.88 epidemiology 34.39–40 solid facial oedema 90.35–6 multiple minute digitate keratoses livedo association 98.13 follow-up 34.45 variants 91.8–9 treatment 87.18 lupus pernio 98.8–9, 98.11, 98.17 genital 111.25–6 rosacea-like dermatoses, papulopustular penetration enhancer 18.7 lupus vulgaris differential HIV infection 31.28 rosacea differential diagnosis 91.10 systemic toxicity 159.12 diagnosis 27.23–4 identification of mites 4.22 Rosai–Dorfman disease 136.24–6, 136.25, topical corticosteroid lymphocytoma cutis differential incognito 34.43 148.14 formulations 18.18–19 diagnosis 135.9 infantile acropustulosis differential IgG4-related disease differential wart treatment 25.51 maculopapular 98.6–7, 98.8, 98.15 diagnosis 116.8, 117.5 diagnosis 148.14 Whitfield’s ointment 18.12 management 98.15–17 infants 117.9 S-100 protein stain 3.20 salivary glands, examination 110.6 morphoea-like 98.13 institutional outbreaks 34.44–5 roseola infantum 25.34–5, 117.6 saltpetre disease 96.28 nail 98.14 investigations 34.43 Ross River virus 25.76–7 sampling error 5.13 necrobiosis lipoidica 93.10, 98.8, 98.10 irritant contact dermatitis differential Ross syndrome 94.11–12 sandflies 34.7 association 97.9 diagnosis 129.4, 129.5 Ro/SS-A antibody 51.12 bites 26.62 necrobiosis lipoidica-like lesions 97.13 Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential neonatal lupus erythematosus 51.37, 51.39 Sanfilippo syndrome 81.2, 81.3, 81.4 nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis 153.6 diagnosis 136.6 Rothmann–Makai disease 99.8 saphenofemoral junction 103.28 nodular 98.8, 98.9 management 18.13, 34.43–5, 34.47 Rothmund–Thomson syndrome 77.5–7 saphenous vein(s) 103.27 oral/perioral lesions 110.62 Norwegian 34.45, 34.46, 34.47 acquired poikiloderma 96.10 saphenous vein graft papular 98.15 erythroderma 39.33

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scabies (continued) tumours 107.9–10 Schwann cells, high-power differential diagnosis 99.29 onchocerciasis differential see also alopecia; erosive pustular microscopy 3.32 histopathology 99.29, 99.30 diagnosis 33.5 dermatitis of scalp; folliculitis, scalp schwannoma 137.46–8 investigations 99.29, 99.31 pathophysiology 34.40 scar metastases 147.4–5 clinical features 137.47–8 pathophysiology 99.30, 99.31 crusted 34.45 SCARF syndrome 72.12 definition 137.46 post-irradiation 99.59–61 perineum/perianal region 113.12 scarlatina, staphylococcal 26.31 epidemiology 137.46 clinical features 99.60 pregnancy 115.4 scarlatiniform erythema 26.36 malignant 137.54 definition 99.59–60 secondary infection 34.43 scarlet fever 26.34–6 NF1-associated 80.3 investigations 99.60–1 sexually transmission 34.44 clinical features 26.35–6 pathophysiology 137.47 management 99.61 streptococcal infections 26.10 definition 26.34 variants 137.47 see also lipodermatosclerosis transient acantholytic dermatosis differential diagnosis 26.36 schwannomatosis 80.1 sclerosing sweat duct carcinoma 138.37–8 differential diagnosis 87.23 epidemiology 26.35 SCINEXA score 155.5 sclerosis variants 34.40, 43.42 investigations 26.36 scleredema 59.9–11, 148.9 lymphatic malformations 73.16–17 scalded skin syndrome 2.19, 26.28 Kawasaki disease differential of Buschke 72.19 skin 56.14–15 see also staphylococcal scalded skin diagnosis 102.33 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 sclerosteosis 67.7 syndrome; toxic epidermal management 26.36 neonatorum 99.57 sclerotherapy necrolysis (TEN) nomenclature 26.34 systemic sclerosis differential hypertrichosis 89.63 scaling (dermatological) pathophysiology 26.35 diagnosis 56.15, 56.16 leg veins 23.10 generalized exfoliative scarlet fever toxin A, sclerema neonatorum 99.35, 99.56–7, lymphatic malformations 105.37 dermatitis 119.11–12 pyogenes 26.30 116.16–17 SCN9A gene mutations 103.7 harlequin ichthyoses 65.7, 65.8 scarring clinical features 99.56–7, 116.16–17 scoliosis, syringomyelia association 85.8 keratinization disorders 65.2 acne vulgaris 90.22, 90.23, 90.24, 90.35 definition 99.56, 116.16 Scoloidea 34.15 recessive X-linked ichthyosis 65.5–6 mimics 90.32 differential diagnosis 99.56–7 scombroid fish, urticaria 42.5 scaling (economic) 6.5 atrophic 96.11–12 epidemiology 116.16 Scopulariopsis brevicaulis scalp/scalp disorders 107.1–14 anetoderma differential investigations 99.57, 116.17 diagnosis 32.9 allergic contact dermatitis 128.16 diagnosis 96.22 management 99.57, 116.17 onychomycosis 32.54–5 alopecia areata 89.31 spontaneous of cheeks 96.12 pathophysiology 116.16 SCORing Atopic Dermatitis angiosarcoma 137.36 chemical peels 159.5 progeria differential diagnosis 72.22 (SCORAD) 16.3 apocrine tubular adenoma 138.22 complication 159.12–13 restrictive dermopathy differential Scorpiones (scorpions) 34.34–5 biopsy 89.11, 89.13–14 discoid lupus erythematosus 51.5–6, diagnosis 72.20 scratch test 4.24 orientation 89.13, 89.14 51.7 sclerodactyly scratching 83.5 pattern hair loss 89.21 hidradenitis suppurativa 92.4–5 fibroblastic rheumatism 55.4 lichen simplex chronicus 83.20 site 89.14 hydroa vacciniforme 90.32 mal de Meleda 65.48 see also itching cicatricial pemphigoid 107.7–8 injecting drug abuse 121.3 systemic sclerosis 56.4 screwworms 34.9 contact dermatitis 107.4 photodynamic therapy 22.14 scleroderma scrofuloderma 27.5, 27.6, 27.7, 27.8, cooling in chemotherapy 89.49, 120.5–6 prepubertal acne 90.63 acroosteolysis 95.47 27.13–16 cutis verticis gyrata 107.9 severity 10.8 chemical exposure 56.13–14, 95.47 children with HIV 31.35 cylindroma 138.30–1 skin resurfacing complication 160.10 drug-induced 96.42, 96.43 clinical features 27.15–16 dissecting cellulitis 90.31, 92.2, 107.8–9 wound healing 10.7, 10.8 environmental triggers 96.42–3 differential diagnosis 27.15 dysaesthesia 107.14 age-related changes 10.10 histological sections 3.39 epidemiology 27.15 erosive pustular dermatitis 107.11–12 see also hypertrophic scars; keloid inflammation 8.6 investigations 27.16 dissecting cellulitis of scalp scars localized 57.1–2 management 27.16 differential diagnosis 107.8 orientation of surgical 20.2 malignancy association 147.21 pathogenesis 27.14–15 follicular mucinosis 107.7 sarcoidosis 98.9, 98.12 mast cell role 2.17 pathophysiology 27.15 folliculitis 90.30, 93.5–6 unsatisfactory 20.11 mechanical properties of skin 123.5 scrotal calcinosis 61.4, 61.5. 111.26 hair growth 89.8 SCART1 8.15 renal crisis 56.11, 56.15 scrotal candidosis 32.65 hair pulling 86.17, 86.18 SCART2 8.15 scalp 107.5, 107.6 scrotal carcinoma 111.31–2 histological sections 3.40 scavenger receptors 8.15 sclerosing panniculitis differential prognosis 111.31 HIV infection 107.10 Scedosporium apiospermum 32.75 diagnosis 99.29 scrotodynia 84.8–9 iatrogenic pustulation 107.12 Schamberg disease 101.8, 101.9, 101.10 stiff skin syndrome differential scrotum 111.4 infections 107.10 capillaritis 88.49 diagnosis 72.18 acute 111.20 inflammation 89.10 Schamroth’s window 95.6 Werner syndrome differential aphthous ulcers 111.17 itch 107.12–13 Scheie syndrome 81.1, 81.2 diagnosis 72.23 cribriform atrophy 111.7 lichen simplex chronicus 107.4 Schimmelpenning–Feuerstein–Mims see also systemic sclerosis hyperpigmentation in neonates 116.4 lipoedema 100.22–3 syndrome 73.17 scleroderma diabeticorum 64.6 lymphoedema 105.17–19 lipoedematous alopecia 107.9 congenital epidermal naevi 75.3 Scleroderma domesticum 34.15 psoriasis 35.12 metastases 107.10, 147.6 naevi 75.6 scleromyxoedema 59.2–6, 148.8–9 squamous cell carcinoma 111.20 acquired cicatricial alopecia 89.36 Schindler disease, a-N-acetyl- clinical features 59.4, 59.5 tinea 111.23–4 morphoea 107.5, 107.6 galactosaminidase deficiency 81.5 definition 59.2 ulceration 111.17–18 naevus lipomatosus superficialis 100.23 Schistosoma 33.25, 33.26, 33.27 differential diagnosis 59.5 variants 111.5–6 necrobiotic 107.5, 107.6 schistosomiasis 33.24, 33.25–7 epidemiology 59.2 26.79 pain clinical features 33.25–6 investigations 59.5 scurvy 5.1–2, 63.20–2 androgenetic alopecia 89.15 definition 33.25 malignancy association 147.22 purpura 101.6 chronic 84.9 ectopic cutaneous 33.25–6 management 59.5–6 Scyphozoa 131.1 chronic telogen effluvium 89.27 epidemiology 33.25 nephrogenic systemic fibrosis sea anemone stings 131.1–2 pilosebaceous unit tumours 107.10 investigations 33.26–7 differential diagnosis 96.42 sea chervil 131.3 pityriasis amiantacea 107.3–4 management 33.27 nomenclature 59.2 sea mat stings 131.3 pruritus 107.12–14 nomenclature 33.25 pathophysiology 59.2–4 sea urchins, envenomation 131.3 psoriasis 107.2–3 pathophysiology 33.25 of renal disease (see nephrogenic seabather’s eruption 131.2 pustular conditions 107.11–12 perineum/perianal region 113.12 systemic fibrosis) seasonal allergic conjunctivitis 109.15, radiodermatitis 107.4, 107.5 Schnitzler syndrome 45.1, 45.9–10, 148.10, respiratory disorder association 151.6 109.16, 109.17, 109.23 sarcoidosis 107.5, 107.6–7 148.11 systemic implications 59.5 sebaceoma 138.16–18 scaling disorders 107.1–5 clinical features 45.9–10 systemic sclerosis differential sebaceous adenoma 110.19, 138.16–18 scleroderma 107.5, 107.6 differential diagnosis 45.10 diagnosis 56.15, 56.16 acne vulgaris differential sebaceous naevi 107.10 drug-induced serum sickness-like treatment ladder 59.6 diagnosis 90.26–7 seborrhoeic dermatitis 107.1–2 reaction differential sclerosing angioma 137.19 sebaceous carcinoma 138.18–19 secondary cicatricial alopecia 107.5–9 diagnosis 118.9 sclerosing cholangitis 65.36 acne vulgaris differential sun exposure 107.9 IgG variant 45.9 sclerosing epithelial hamartoma 138.10 diagnosis 90.26, 90.27 surgery and medical trauma hair pathophysiology 45.9 sclerosing lipogranuloma 99.47 eyelid 109.50–1, 138.18, 138.19 loss 89.45 Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome 65.61 sclerosing lymphangitis, penile 105.51, chronic blepharitis 109.12 syphilis 107.10 apocrine hydrocystoma 138.20 111.8 sebaceous cysts 90.27, 134.1 syringocystadenoma basal cell carcinoma 141.5 sclerosing panniculitis 99.28–9, 99.30, sebaceous glands 2.44 papilliferum 107.10 nail lichen planus differential 99.31 breast areola 93.12 thickened scalp 107.9 diagnosis 95.45 clinical features 99.29 development 2.4 trichoepitheliomas 107.10 Schulman syndrome 57.17 definition 99.28 ectopic (see Fordyce spots)

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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heterotopic 93.10–12, 111.5–6 tinea capitis differential diagnosis 32.40 sentinel lymph node biopsy disease course 140.20 hyperplasia 93.12–13 tinea corporis differential melanoma 143.23, 143.25–7 epidemiology 140.18 acne vulgaris differential diagnosis 32.37 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.8 erythroderma 39.32–3 diagnosis 90.26 seborrhoeic eczema sepsis gene abnormalities 140.21–2 basal cell carcinoma differential allergic contact dermatitis differential abdominal wall lymphoedema investigations 140.15 diagnosis 141.10 diagnosis 128.61, 128.62 complication 105.21 leukaemia cutis differential carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 discoid lupus erythematosus differential burns 126.9 diagnosis 140.49 hypertrophy 116.3–4 diagnosis 51.9 macrophage inhibitory factor role 8.23 management 140.22–7 immune defence function 90.20 photoaggravated, chronic actinic pressure ulcer-induced 124.3 combination therapies 140.24–5 neonates 116.2–3 dermatitis differential septic shock skin-directed therapy 140.23–4 neuropeptide receptors 90.19 diagnosis 127.16 IgA vasculitis differential systemic therapy 140.24–7 pregnancy 115.2 vulval 112.13 diagnosis 102.15 toxin therapies 140.26 tumours 90.26, 138.16–19 psoriasis differential diagnosis 112.16 toxic shock syndrome differential molecular pathogenesis 140.20–2 sebaceous keratoacanthoma, Muir–Torre seborrhoeic keratosis 133.1–3, 133.4 diagnosis 26.30 pathophysiology 140.18–19 syndrome 138.17 actinic keratosis differential septicaemia pityriasis rubra pilaris differential sebaceous tumours, and diagnosis 142.4 Acinetobacter 26.50 diagnosis 36.4 visceral malignancy see Muir–Torre benign lichenoid keratosis differential melioidosis 26.53 prognosis 140.14, 140.15, 140.20 syndrome diagnosis 133.7 Pasteurella multocida 26.57 pruritus 83.6, 83.8 sebocystomatosis see steatocystoma clinical features 133.2–3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 26.52 staging system 140.3, 140.4 multiplex confluent and reticulated papillomatosis Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic shade, photoprotection 9.12 sebopsoriasis 32.14, 40.4 differential diagnosis 87.7 epidermal necrolysis 119.18 shagreen patch 80.11 seborrhoea definition 133.1 serine protease inhibitors 8.41 Shah–Waardenburg syndrome 70.5 acne 90.36 dermoscopic features 133.3 seroma 105.42 shaken baby syndrome 117.13 hyperandrogenism 145.18 differential diagnosis 133.3 serotonin noradrenergic reuptake shale tar 18.32 seborrhoea, acne, hirsutism and eyelid 109.46 inhibitors (SNRIs) 86.36 shampoos 89.72, 128.16 androgenetic alopecia (SAHA) genital wart differential diagnosis 25.57 sertaconazole, seborrhoeic dermatitis medicated 107.2, 128.16 syndrome 89.65, 149.17 investigations 133.3 treatment 40.5 Sharp syndrome see mixed connective acne 90.9 laser treatment 23.14 serum sickness, urticarial vasculitis tissue disease seborrhoeic dermatitis 40.1–5, 40.6 pathophysiology 133.1–2 association 44.2 SHARPIN adapter protein 8.10, 8.11 acquired 140.36 solar lentigo progression 132.6 serum sickness-like reactions, drug- sharps injuries, surgical 20.8 acrodermatitis enteropathica differential surgery 20.46 induced 118.8–9 shawl sign 53.5 diagnosis 63.26 treatment ladder 133.4 sesquiterpene lactone mix 128.51, 128.52, shea butter 18.6 alcohol abuse co-morbidity 86.32 variants 133.3, 133.4, 133.5 128.53, 128.54 shear-stress, papillary capillary ano-genital 111.11 second messengers 14.4 severe combined immunodeficiency rupture 123.10 chalazion 109.48 secondary care 5.11–12 (SCID) 82.2, 82.7–8 Sheehan syndrome 149.16 chronic mucocutaneous secondary hypertrophic BCG infection 82.8 sheep nostril 34.10 candidosis 32.69 osteoarthropathy 95.7 candidosis association 148.15 see zoster infection clinical features 31.14, 40.2–5, 107.1–2 secondary localized cutaneous amyloidosis epidemiology 146.2 shock, burn-induced 126.2–3 clinical variants 40.2–40.3 (SLCA) 58.2, 58.2. 58.4, 58.5 genotypes 82.8 shoe allergy 128.47–8 complications/co-morbidities 40.4 secosteroids 18.23–6, 149.9 with microcephaly, growth retardation shoe dermatitis 128.43, 128.48 differential diagnosis 31.14, 40.4, 107.1–2 therapeutic actions 18.23–4 and sensitivity to ionizing short anagen syndrome 89.11, 89.24 epidemiology 40.1, 107.1 Secretan syndrome 86.27, 99.46 radiation 82.11 loose anagen syndrome differential erythematotelangiectatic rosacea sectioning, artefacts 3.28 severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) diagnosis 68.23 differential diagnosis 91.9 secukinumab, plaque psoriasis syndromes 119.1 short-term digital dermoscopic monitoring folate deficiency association 63.19 treatment 35.31 acute generalized exanthematous (STM) 144.5 gold reactions 122.4 selectins 8.7–9 pustulosis 119.1 shoulder surgery 20.46 HIV infection 31.14, 107.1 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors DRESS syndrome 119.4, 119.9–10 shoulder–hand syndrome 85.13 infantile 40.2–3, 107.1, 107.2, 117.2 (SSRIs) 86.36 severe dermatitis–multiple allergies– shrinking lungs syndrome 51.29 atopic eczema differential body dysmorphic disorder 86.12 metabolic wasting (SAM) respiratory disease association 151.2 diagnosis 41.21 phobia treatment 86.20 syndrome 65.25–6 Shulman syndrome see eosinophilic inflammatory 107.1 trichotillomania treatment 89.47 sex chromosome defects 76.3–5 fasciitis investigations 40.5 selenium sex-linked characters 7.4 sialidosis 81.5 Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential deficiency 63.28–30, 122.6 sexual abuse Siberian tick typhus 34.38 diagnosis 136.6 excess 63.30 children 117.13 Sicariidae 34.33–4 Malassezia association 32.14, 40.1, 40.2 reactions to 122.6–7 lichen sclerosus differential sickle cell anaemia 148.16 HIV infection 31.14 supplementation 122.6 diagnosis 112.8 pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like treatment 40.5, 40.6 toxicity 63.30 see also child abuse; non-accidental lesions 96.28 management 31.14, 40.5, 40.6, 107.2 protein–energy malnutrition injury sign of Leser–Trélat 133.1, 147.16 Parkinson disease 107.1 differential diagnosis 63.4 sexual development disorders 112.4 signal peptides 156.4, 156.10 pathophysiology 40.1–2 selenium sulphide, tinea capitis sexually acquired reactive arthritis signal transduction pathway 14.4 pemphigus foliaceus differential treatment 32.40 (SARA) 30.12, 30.13, 30.15 signalling lymphocytic activating molecule diagnosis 50.7 self-esteem 11.1, 11.2, 11.4 sexually transmitted infections (SLAM) family receptors 8.17 perineum/perianal region 113.7 low 11.4 anal fissure differential diagnosis 113.29 signalling proteins, mutations 148.18 periorificial dermatitis differential self-healing mucinosis 59.14 chancroid 30.20–3 sildenafil diagnosis 91.18 self-help 5.11 genital Chlamydia 30.8–13, 30.14, 30.15 lymphatic malformation photoaggravated 127.18 self-help groups 15.3 gonorrhoea 30.1–4, 30.5, 30.6–8 treatment 105.37 pityriasis rosea differential self-image, poor 11.4 granuloma inguinale 30.23–5, 30.25 morphoea treatment 57.28 diagnosis 25.92 self-injury, neurodevelopmental Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential Raynaud phenomenon treatment 125.10 pityriasis versicolor differential disorders 8.53 diagnosis 136.6 silica diagnosis 32.12 self-mutilation 86.30–1 lymphogranuloma venereum 30.16–20 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.19 presentation 40.2, 40.3 selumetinib 143.33 male genital dermatoses 111.24–6 systemic sclerosis trigger 56.12–13, 96.42 protein–energy malnutrition differential semen allergy 112.15 meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus silicone diagnosis 63.4 semicircular lipoatrophy 100.8–9, 123.14 aureus 111.24 dressings 18.37 psoriasis differential diagnosis 31.15, senile purpura 155.3–4 perineum/perianal region 113.12–17 fillers 157.6–7 35.19, 39.4, 107.1, 107.3 sensitive skin 129.10–11 scabies 34.44 gels 18.37 pyridoxine deficiency 63.18 sensitization 8.55–6 see also syphilis reactions to 123.20–1 quality of life 40.4–5 active 128.72 Sézary cells 140.18 silicone gel sheeting, keloid reticular erythematous mucinosis allergic contact dermatitis 128.6–7 count 140.20 treatment 96.49 differential diagnosis 59.9 ear piercing complications 108.7 Sézary syndrome 140.18–20, 140.19–20 Silk Road 1.2 riboflavin deficiency differential potential 128.9 atypical cutaneous lymphoproliferative silver nitrate 18.9, 20.43 diagnosis 63.15 risk 128.9 disorder 31.32 silver, reactions to 122.7–8 rosacea association 91.4, 91.12 susceptibility 128.10 cell of origin 140.2, 140.3 ear piercing complications 108.7 scalp 107.1–2 sensitizing agents, topical therapy 18.30 chromosomal abnormalities 140.20–1 photosensitive 122.7, 122.8 severity 40.4 sensorineural hearing loss 51.29 definition 140.18 silver sulfadiazine 18.11 spinal cord injury 85.10 sensory innervation 85.1–3 differential diagnosis 140.19–20 Simplified Psoriasis Index (SPI) 16.2, 16.6

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Simuliidae 34.6–7, 34.8 innervation 2.2, 85.1–3 sports injuries 123.15 pattern 4.6–10 Sindbis virus infection 25.75 neurophysiological testing 85.4 staging 146.13–14 shape 4.8–10, 4.11, 4.12, 4.14–16 single nucleotide polymorphisms lymphatics 2.43 sunbed use 9.13 surface features 4.13 (SNPs) 14.10 microbiome 2.13 surgery 146.12–13, 146.14 skin of colour sinus histiocytosis with massive atopic eczema relationship 41.9 surveillance after phototherapy 21.15– black skin biological significance 88.8 lymphadenopathy 148.14 neural network 2.11 16 chemical peels 159.13 see also Rosai–Dorfman disease neuro-endocrine organ role 149.4, systemic lupus erythematosus 146.5 skin picking disorder 86.14–15 sinus tracts, hidradenitis suppurativa 92.4, 149.4–5, 149.6–7 ulcerative colitis 146.5 skin prick test, occupational 92.5 percutaneous absorption UVB phototherapy, patient disorders 130.6–7 Siphonaptera 34.12–14 mechanisms 13.2–3 follow-up 21.15–16 skin rejuvenation, chemical peels 159.4–5, classification 34.12 physiological functions 2.43–4 UVR role 9.9–10 159.8, 159.9 see also flea bites property measurement 16.3–4 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.3–4, 78.6 skin resurfacing, laser treatment 160.6–10 Sipple syndrome 137.45, 147.10 sample collection in fungal see also basal cell carcinoma (BCC); ablative devices 160.6–8 sirolimus infection 32.7 melanoma; non-melanoma skin anaesthesia 160.8–9 acne association 90.11 surface electrical properties 16.3 cancer (NMSC); squamous cell complications 160.10 Cowden syndrome treatment 80.15 tensile strength 96.19 carcinoma (SCC) fractionated ablative 160.8, 160.9, 160.10 lymphatic malformations 105.37 tension lines surgical skin cleansers, neonates 116.2 devices 160.7–8 skin cancer treatment in considerations 20.2 skin colour 70.1 non-ablative devices 160.8 immunocompromised tightening 160.10–11 constitutive 88.1–2, 88.9 fractionated 160.7 patients 146.16 skin age score (SAS) 155.5 facultative 88.2 preoperative management 160.8–9 squamous cell carcinoma secondary skin appendage tumours 146.12 measurement 16.3–4 skin tags prevention 142.33 skin cancer racial factors 88.2 acanthosis nigricans 87.4 Sister Mary Joseph nodules 147.4, 152.1 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 146.3 variation between racial groups 88.9 benign 133.7 sitosterolaemia 62.10 cost-of-illness 6.5–6, 6.7 skin conditions diabetes 64.3 tendon xanthomas 62.3 Crohn disease 146.5, 146.10 co-morbidities 11.6 male ano-genital 111.5 Six Area Six Sign Atopic Dermatitis donor-derived cells 146.9 emotional reactions 11.3 naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (SASSAD) severity score 16.3 economic burden 6.5–6, 6.7, 6.9 patient beliefs 11.7, 11.7 differential diagnosis 141.19 Sjögren syndrome, respiratory disease end-stage organ failure 146.4 treatment challenges 11.6–7 perianal 113.30–1 association 151.3 graft-versus-host disease 146.9 skin disease snip excision 20.45 Sjögren–Larsson syndrome 65.29–30 haemopoietic cell transplantation 146.4 assessment tools 16.2–3 skin thickness collodion baby 116.19 high-risk 146.13–14 association measures 5.13 irritant contact dermatitis 129.6 Sjögren syndrome 55.5–8 HIV infection 146.3 chronicity 5.9 thickening and diabetes association 64.6 angular cheilitis 110.80 host genetic predisposition 146.8–9 co-occurrence 5.10 thinning as corticosteroid therapy side classification criteria 55.5 immunocompromised patient 146.1–18 definition 4.1–2 effect 18.16 clinical features 55.6–7 clinopathological features 146.9–12 endocrinological considerations in skin tumours clinical types 55.6 epidemiology 146.1–5 therapy 149.15 Mohs micrographic surgery 20.38 complications/co-morbidities 55.7 locally advanced disease 146.14 extent measurement 16.4 pregnancy 115.7 connective tissue disease 55.6, 55.7 management 146.12–18 frequency measures 5.13 renal transplantation 153.6 cryoglobulins 101.13 metastatic disease 146.14 historical classification 1.4–5, 1.6 retinoic acid therapy 18.22 definition 55.5 organizations for patients/health care historical definition 1.4 shave biopsy 20.14 differential diagnosis 55.7 professionals 146.18 impact measurement 16.4–8 skin types digestive system disorders 152.6 pathophysiology 146.5–9 adolescents 16.7 Fitzpatrick classification 9.8 disease course 55.7 prevention 146.15–17 children 16.6–7 sun-reactive 88.9 epidemiology 55.5 revision of immunosuppression family 16.7 Skindex 6.4, 16.5 genetics 55.6 146.16 partners 16.7 skin-window technique 4.24 hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia risk factors 146.9 incidence 5.9, 11.2 SLAM-associated protein (SAP) 8.17 differential diagnosis 67.14 screening/surveillance 146.17–18 life course impairment SLC6A19 gene mutations 81.15 investigations 55.7 immunosuppressive drugs 146.3, assessment 16.7–8 SLC24A5 gene mutations 70.6 mouth 55.7 146.6–7 pathogenesis 149.9–10 SLC45A2 gene mutations 70.6 mucous membrane pemphigoid inflammatory bowel disease 146.5 psychological comorbidities 86.2–3 sleep deprivation, acne vulgaris 90.16–17 differential diagnosis 50.29 intralesional therapy 20.44 severity measurement 16.1–3 sleeping sickness see trypanosomiasis mucous membranes 55.7 ionizing radiation in treatment 24.1–2 symptom measurement 16.3 slime, bacterial 26.5 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis lupus vulgaris co-morbidity 27.24 therapy benefit measurement 16.3 Smad signalling mediators 2.4 association 136.24 metastatic disease 146.14 validation of measurement 16.2 small molecule therapies, epidermolysis nomenclature 55.5 mycosis fungoides 140.14 skin grafts/grafting 20.31, 20.32, 20.33 bullosa 71.30 pathophysiology 55.5–6 non-Hodgkin lymphoma 146.3 burns 10.12 smallpox 25.6 prognosis 55.7 occupational 130.13–14 combined epidermal/dermal scarlet fever differential diagnosis 26.36 severity classification 55.7 oncogenic viral infections 146.7–8 substitutes 10.12, 10.13 vaccination 25.7 subacute cutaneous lupus organ transplantation composite 20.31 smart phone technology 4.26 erythematosus association 51.12, immunosuppressive drug therapy- dermal substitutes 10.12, 10.13 Smith–Lemli–Opitz syndrome 81.16 51.13 induced 146.3–4 epidermal substitutes 10.12 smoking systemic sclerosis management 146.13 full-thickness 20.31, 20.31–2 acne vulgaris 90.16 association 56.7 pre-transplant 146.14–15 meshing 20.33 actinic cheilitis predisposition 110.78 overlap 56.8 screening/surveillance 146.17–18 split-thickness 20.31, 20.33 ageing of skin 155.2–3, 155.9 treatment 55.8 photoageing 9.11 vitiligo treatment 88.39–40 α1-antitrypsin deficiency urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 phototherapy wound healing 10.12–13 panniculitis 99.43 skeletal abnormalities, NF1 80.3 patient follow-up 21.15–16 skin laxity 96.19 atopic eczema association 41.7–8 skeletal muscle tumours 137.57–8 side effect 21.13 ageing 155.9 benign symmetrical lipomatosis skin post-organ transplantation 24.14 Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 72.5–6, 72.7 association 100.14 barrier function 13.1–10, 129.2–3 prevalence 6.1 occipital horn syndrome 72.13, 81.19 dermal connective tissue changes 96.1 ageing effects 155.8–9 psoriasis 146.5 Williams–Beuren syndrome 72.14, 72.15 dermatitis herpetiformis 50.53 atopic eczema 41.5 association 35.20 see also anetoderma; cutis laxa flap necrosis risk 20.31 disruption 129.3 PUVA skin lesions hidradenitis suppurativa mechanical 2.43 patient follow-up 21.15 additional clinical examination 4.19–26 association 92.2 repair 129.7 side effect 21.13 simple 4.18–19 keratosis 110.75 blood flow 125.1 radiation-induced 24.19 annular 4.16 nail plate pigmentation 95.12 blood vessels 2.41–3 radiotherapy 24.1–16, 146.9, 146.14 arrangement 4.6–8 oral cancer risk 110.33, 110.34 components 2.1–2 adjuvant 140.9 body sites 4.16, 4.17, 4.18 oral hyperpigmentation 110.66 development 2.3–5 recurrence 24.19 borders 4.14 palmoplantar psoriasis association 5.2–3 diagnostic testing techniques 4.23–5 recessive dystrophic epidermolysis colour 4.13–14, 4.15 pemphigus protection 50.4 fragility 71.5–6 bullosa 71.17, 71.27 description 4.5–10 penile cancer risk 111.30 functions 11.1 reduced tumour immune distribution 4.6, 4.16–17, 4.19 plaque psoriasis 35.4 glabrous 2.43–4 surveillance 146.5–6 linear 4.15 probability of disease 5.9 hair-bearing 2.43, 2.44 rheumatoid arthritis 146.5 nomenclature 4.10–17 psoriatic arthritis 35.44 homeostasis 2.44–5 risk factors 146.9 palpation 4.17–18, 4.19 skin ageing 2.47

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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thromboangiitis obliterans 103.4–5, solitary giant trichoepithelioma 138.11 Spirillum minor 26.71–2 clinical features 142.28–30, 146.9–10 103.6 solitary lymphocytoma 26.70 26.66–8 complications/co-morbidities 142.29 venous lake association 103.14 solitary neurofibroma 137.48 Spirometra 33.31–2 Crohn disease association 112.23 vulval intraepithelial neoplasia soluble oil dermatitis 130.1, 130.2 spironolactone cutaneous 142.25–33 risk 112.32 solvents female pattern hair loss definition 142.25 smooth muscle cells, high-power systemic lupus erythematosus 51.19 management 89.23 differential diagnosis 142.28 microscopy 3.32 topical drug delivery 18.6 hirsutism treatment 89.68 disease course 142.30 smooth muscle hamartoma 75.20, 75.21, somatic mutations 7.5 papulopustular acne treatment 90.43 dyskeratosis congenita 69.14 137.55 somatostatin 8.50, 8.51–2 splenomegaly, neonatal lupus epidemiology 142.25–6 snake bites 131.5 sonic hedgehog (SHH) 2.4 erythematosus 51.38 epidermodysplasia verruciformis 146.1 cutaneous vasculitis differential basal cell carcinoma genetics 141.3 splinter haemorrhages 95.13, 95.16, epithelioma cuniculatum 142.29 diagnosis 102.4 ectodermal dysplasias 67.7 123.15–16 external auditory canal 108.26–7 lymphangitis 105.51 pathway mutations in syndromic cleft psoriasis 95.40 staging 108.27 Sneddon syndrome 101.21–2 lip/palate 110.23 split-hand–split-foot malformation external ear 108.23–7 Sneddon–Wilkinson disease 49.14 see also hedgehog pathway inhibitors (SHFM) 67.9 eyelid 109.49, 109.50 acute generalized exanthematous soot, occupational skin cancers 130.13 spondylitis 154.5 genital HPV association 25.59 pustulosis differential sorbic acid 18.8, 129.8, 129.9 psoriatic arthritis 35.43 Hailey–Hailey disease 66.13 diagnosis 119.4 South India 1.2 spondyloarthritis 154.5, 154.8 heat-associated 125.12–13 see also subcorneal pustular dermatosis southern tick-associated rash illness 34.38 sponges, dermatitis 131.2–3 high-risk 142.29, 142.31–2 snip excision 20.45 Sowda see lichenified onchodermatitis (LOD) spongiosis 3.38 HIV infection 31.30 snuff, keratosis 110.75 SOX-10 transcription factor 3.21 Sporothrix schenckii 32.71–3 HPV role in pathogenesis 146.7–8 soap substitutes 18.9 SOX18 gene mutations 73.19 colony 32.73 immunocompromised patients, social avoidance 11.2, 11.5 soya, antiageing products 156.9, 156.11 sporotrichosis 32.71–3 management 146.13–14 social factors 11.1–8 sparganosis 33.31–3 anthrax differential diagnosis 26.44 investigations 142.30 appearance role 11.1–2 application 33.32 atrophic scars 96.11 keratoacanthoma differential impact of dermatology proliferum 33.33 cat scratch disease differential diagnosis 142.35 conditions 11.5–6 specific granule deficiency 8.19 diagnosis 26.61 lichen planus 37.12–13 impacts over lifespan 11.5–6 speckled lentiginous naevus clinical features 32.71–2 association 112.12 integrated clinical management syndrome 132.18 disseminated cutaneous 32.73 lichen sclerosus association 112.8–9 impact 11.7–8 spectacle frames epidemiology 32.71 lip 110.26, 110.81 social isolation 11.2 acanthoma 123.13–14 glanders differential diagnosis 26.54 low-risk 142.32 social medicine 1.8 dermatitis 128.16 hidradenitis suppurativa differential lupus vulgaris co-morbidity 27.24 social stigma 11.5 spectrophotometric image analysis diagnosis 92.7 male genital 111.20, 111.29–34 socioeconomic factors 5.9–10 (SIAoscopy) 4.21 investigations 32.73 management 142.30–3, 142.31–3 SOCS proteins 8.5 spermatogenesis, drug effects 14.8 lymphangitis 105.51 with Merkel cell carcinoma 125.13 sodium sphingolipidoses 81.4, 81.6–9 management 32.73 metastases risk 142.29, 142.31 concentration in sweat 94.3 spices 128.25–7 pathophysiology 32.71 Mohs micrographic surgery 20.38, 20.39 sweat composition 94.3 spider(s) 34.32–4 sports injuries 123.15–16 molluscum contagiosum differential sodium hypochlorite 18.10 brown recluse 34.33–4 abrasions 123.16 diagnosis 25.13 sodium pump 94.2 fiddleback 34.33–4 acne mechanica 123.15 nail apparatus 95.31–2, 95.43 sodium sulfacetamide 91.13 funnel web 34.33 athlete’s nodule 123.16 oesophagus 152.1 sodium valproate 89.57 violin 34.33–4 black heel/palm 123.10, 123.15 oral 110.32–8 26.71–2 widow 34.32–3 clinical features 123.15–16 causes 110.34–5 soft-tissue lesions, radiography 95.48 wolf 34.34 corns/calluses 123.16 disease course 110.37 soft-tissue tumours 137.2 spider angioma 103.8, 103.10–12 definition 123.15 epidemiology 110.33 classification 137.2 spider mites 34.50 friction blisters 123.9 genetics 110.34 fat cells 137.58–61 spider telangiectases 103.10–12 haemorrhagic 123.15–16 history 110.35 fibrohistiocytic 137.19–23 clinical features 103.11 hyperpigmentation 123.16 investigations 110.37 fibrous 137.2–19 definition 103.10 hypothenar hammer syndrome 123.12 malignant transformation 110.36 lymphatic 137.39–41 epidemiology 103.10–11 inflammation 123.16 management 110.37–8 muscle 137.55–8 investigations 103.11, 103.12 spotted fevers 26.77–9 predisposing factors 110.33–4 myofibroblastic 137.2–19 liver disease 152.8–9 Rocky Mountain spotted fever presentation 110.35–6 radiography 95.48 management 103.12 26.77–8 prognosis 110.37 vascular 137.23–39 pathophysiology 103.11 ehrlichiosis differential risk reduction 110.35 solar cheilosis 110.78–9 Spiegler–Fendt sarcoid see lymphocytoma diagnosis 26.63 severity classification 110.36–7 solar elastosis 96.2–4 cutis SPRED1 gene mutations 80.8 sites 110.36 acquired elastotic haemangioma 137.30 Spiegler’s tumour see eccrine glands, spun-glass hair 89.57 parotid lymph node involvement 24.12 actinic comedonal plaque 96.3 cylindroma squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 142.1, pathophysiology 142.26–8 actinic keratosis 142.2, 142.3 spiky hair 68.23 142.25–33 penile 111.29–31 elastotic nodules of the ear 96.3–4 spina bifida 85.8, 85.9, 113.4 acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans lichen sclerosus complication 111.15 investigations 96.4 anaphylaxis risk 85.10 complication 96.14 perianal 113.17–20 management 96.4 investigations 85.10 actinic keratosis photocarcinogenesis 127.29 variant 96.5 latex allergy 85.9–10 association 142.2 photodynamic therapy 22.5 solar keratoses see actinic keratoses spinal cord compression, hand–arm differential diagnosis 142.4–5 phymatous rosacea differential solar lentigines see actinic lentigines vibration syndrome differential risk of development 142.5, 146.9 diagnosis 91.11 101.5 diagnosis 123.24 anal 113.17–20 pilonidal sinus complication 123.23 solar urticaria 127.20–3 spinal cord cyst 85.7–8 clinical features 113.18–20 pinna 108.24–6 chemical-induced photosensitivity spinal cord injury, dermatoses 85.10 epidemiology 113.18 poorly differentiated 142.31 differential diagnosis 127.29 spinal dysraphism 85.8–10, 113.4 investigations 113.20 post-organ transplantation 24.14 chronic actinic dermatitis clinical features 85.9–10 management 113.20 precursors 146.15 association 127.14 definition 85.8 pathophysiology 113.18 presentation 142.28 clinical features 127.21–2 epidemiology 85.8–9 staging 113.19 prognosis 142.30 definition 127.20 investigations 85.10 variants 113.19 progression prevention 146.15 differential diagnosis 127.22 management 85.10 anal fistula complication 113.27 pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia drug-induced photosensitivity occult 85.9 antirheumatic drug-induced 154.15 differential diagnosis 133.7, 133.8 differential diagnosis 127.29 pathophysiology 85.9 associated diseases 142.26 radiation-induced 24.19 epidemiology 127.21 spindle cell haemangioma 73.14, 73.15, basal cell carcinoma differential radiotherapy 140.7–13, 146.14 investigations 127.22, 127.23 137.32 diagnosis 141.10 adjuvant 140.9 management 127.23 spindle cell lipoma 137.60 Bowen disease differential recurrence 24.19 pathophysiology 127.21 SPINK5 gene mutation 65.24, 146.2 diagnosis 142.19, 142.20 recessive dystrophic epidermolysis polymorphic light eruption differential spiny keratoderma 65.52–3 cervical lymph node involvement 24.12 bullosa 71.17, 71.27 diagnosis 127.4 spiny palmoplantar keratosis 65.70 chondrodermatitis nodularis differential recurrence risk 142.29, 142.31 variants 127.21–2 spiradenocarcinoma 138.36–7 diagnosis 108.9 scrotal 111.20 solid facial oedema 90.35–6, 91.11, 91.16 spiradenoma 138.31–2 cicatricial pemphigoid differential secondary prevention 142.32–3 solitary circumscribed neuroma 137.46 malignant 138.36–7 diagnosis 50.51 severity classification 142.29

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squamous cell carcinoma (continued) clinical history 26.12 complications 119.17–18 irritant skin reactions 114.10–13 signalling pathways 142.26 colonization 26.9 culprit drug removal 119.19–20 papular reactions 114.10–12 in situ 142.2, 142.17 definition 26.6 definition 119.13 patch testing 114.3 sunscreen protection 9.12 dermatitis vegetans 26.83 diagnosis 110.48 patient assessment 114.1, 114.2, 114.3 surgery 140.7, 140.8, 140.9, 142.30–1 dracunculiasis secondary infection 33.12 differential diagnosis 119.17 psoriasis association 114.4–5, 114.6, 152.7 transplant recipients 25.63 ecthyma 26.17 disease course 119.18–19 pyoderma gangrenosum treatment 31.31 environmental factors 26.9 drug eruptions 31.17, 31.18, 154.10, association 114.7–8, 114.9, 114.10, modality 140.7 epidemiology 26.6–7 154.14 152.7 trichilemmal carcinoma 138.6–7 erysipelas 26.18, 26.21 drug-induced 47.3 skin complications 152.7 UVR role 9.9–10 ethnic differences 26.4 drugs predisposing to 119.2, 119.13 types 114.1, 114.2 variants 142.27, 142.28 exfoliative toxins 26.14, 26.27–8 epidemiology 119.13 ulceration 114.7–8, 114.9, 114.10 vulval 112.34–5 exotoxins 26.13 erythema multiforme relationship 47.1 underlying bowel disease 114.7–8, 114.9, well-differentiated 142.30, 142.33 folliculitis 26.22, 90.30, 113.9 fixed drug eruption differential 114.10 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.4–5 folliculitis decalvans 89.43, 89.44 diagnosis 118.13 stomatitis squamous hyperplasia, genital 111.28 furuncle 26.23, 26.24 fluid replacement 119.20–1 denture-related 110.69–70 squamous intraepithelial lesions genetics 26.8–9 folate synthesis inhibitor-induced 19.43 angular cheilitis association 110.80 (SIL) 142.25 glanders differential diagnosis 26.54 genetics 119.14 monoclonal plasmacytic genital 111.28 HIV infection 31.20 genital ulceration 111.18 ulcerative 110.56 squaric acid dibutylester, sensitizing agent children 31.35 haemorrhagic crusting of lips 110.83, riboflavin deficiency differential use 18.30 impetigo 26.13–16, 117.7 110.84 diagnosis 63.15 SSTRs 8.51–2 bullous 116.23 hand, foot and mouth disease ulcerative 110.42 ST14 gene mutations 65.36 involvement in cutaneous disease 26.6 differential diagnosis 25.82 see also aphthous stomatitis stable flies 34.7, 34.8 Kawasaki disease 26.84 infections 119.21 stonefish stings 131.4 staining necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis of investigations 119.19 stop codon 7.5 artefacts 3.28 the scalp margin 93.4, 93.5 management 110.48, 119.19–22 storiform collagenoma 137.3 techniques 3.7–10 otitis externa 108.17 mucous membrane pemphigoid storiform patterning 3.38 stainless steel implants 128.59 pathology 26.8 differential diagnosis 50.29 Stormorken syndrome 65.27 STAMBP gene mutations 73.6 pathophysiology 26.7–9 nail lichen planus differential stratum basale 2.5 standard deviation 17.18 periporitis staphylogenes and sweat diagnosis 95.45 stratum corneum 2.1, 2.2, 2.5, 2.6–7, 13.1 standard error 17.18 gland abscesses 116.24 nitrofurantoin in pregnancy 31.34 barrier function 13.2 standard erythema dose (SED) 9.2 pinna infection 108.11 nutrition 119.21 epidermal barrier 8.4, 129.2–3 sun exposure 9.12 recurrent toxin-mediated perineal ocular complications 109.34, 109.35, factors determining permeation 13.3–4 Staphylinidae 34.29 erythema 26.32 109.36 intercellular lipid domains 13.2–3 staphylococcal enterotoxin B 8.28, 26.30 scalp pruritus 107.13 ocular effects 109.27 mechanical function 123.4 staphylococcal folliculitis 31.20 septic arthritis 154.3–4 ocular mucous membrane penetration pathways 13.2–3 stoma infection 114.3 sex differences 26.4 pemphigoid 109.29 stratum granulosum 2.5, 2.6 vulval 112.24 superantigen production 26.13, 26.32 oral lesions 110.48 stratum lucidum 2.7 staphylococcal infections sycosis 26.26–7 pathology 47.4 stratum spinosum 2.5, 2.6 acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau toxic shock syndrome 26.29–32 pathophysiology 119.13–14 straw itch 34.49 differential diagnosis 35.42 vulval infection 112.23–4 perineum/perianal region 113.8 strawberry naevus see infantile atopic eczema 2.13 see also staphylococcal scalded skin prognosis 119.18–19 haemangiomas coagulase-negative 26.9 syndrome severity classification 119.17 strawberry tongue 110.72 folliculitis 26.22 Staphylococcus epidermidis 26.3, 26.9 variants 119.17 streblodactyly 96.38 eye infections 109.41 blepharitis 109.10 varicella infection 25.26 streptobacillary rat-bite fever 26.72 genital 111.21 rosacea association 91.5 see also toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) Streptobacillus moniliformis 26.72 immunodeficiency association 148.14 Staphylococcus hominis 26.3 Stewart–Treves syndrome 105.53, 137.36, streptocerciasis 33.6, 33.7 infective eczema 39.24 Staphylococcus lugdunensis 26.9 137.37 streptococcal infections 26.9–12 vulval 112.23–4 starch 18.8 stiff skin syndrome 72.18–19 ano-genital dermatitis 112.24 staphylococcal scalded skin starvation, telogen effluvium 89.26 hyaline fibromatosis syndrome associated diseases 26.10–11 syndrome 8.28, 26.6, 26.14, 26.27–9, 105.49 differential diagnosis 72.18 atopic eczema 26.13 116.24 statins, familial hypercholesterolaemia systemic sclerosis differential carriage 26.11–12 bullous impetigo epidemics 116.23 management 62.7 diagnosis 56.15–16 causative organisms 26.11–12 clinical features 26.28–9 status protusus cutis 100.23 see also Winchester syndrome cellulitis 26.20–1, 105.11 epidemiology 26.27 stavudine, drug eruptions 31.18 stigmatization 86.3–4 perianal 26.33–4, 111.21, 113.10 epidermolysis bullosa differential steatocystoma multiplex 90.27–8, 134.4 Still disease classification 26.12 diagnosis 71.23 hidradenitis suppurativa hyperpigmentation 88.20 clinical history 26.13 HIV infection 31.20, 31.21 association 92.2 see also adult-onset Still disease; juvenile cutaneous 26.10 infants 117.7–8 differential diagnosis 92.7 rheumatoid arthritis definition 26.9 investigations 26.29 stellate pseudoscars 96.11 sting(s) 131.1–4 dermatitis/perianal cellulitis 26.33–4, management 26.29 stem cell(s) 2.44–5 stinging, delayed-type/immediate- 111.21, 113.10 neonates 26.28 activation regulation 2.45 type 129.10–11 emm genes 26.11, 26.12, 26.35 pathophysiology 26.27–8 burns management 126.7 stingrays 131.4 environmental factors 26.12 vulval lesions 112.23 epidermal proliferation unit stink bugs 34.28 epidemiology 26.10–11 staphylococcal superantigen 18.15 concept 2.44–5 STK11 gene mutations 70.14 erysipelas 26.18, 26.20–1 Staphylococcus 26.3 transplantation erythematous stomach disorders 152.1–4 erythema annulare centrifugum 47.9 classification 26.8 reactions 47.6 stomas erythema marginatum association 47.12 Staphylococcus aureus 26.3, 26.6–9 stem cell factor (SCF) 2.16 acanthotic papules 114.112 eyes 109.41 adherence 26.7 stem cell factor receptor (KIT) 46.2 allergic contact dermatitis 114.1–3 genital 26.33–4, 111.21, 113.10 allergic eczema relationship 41.13 stem cell therapy appliances 114.1, 114.2 impetigo 26.13–16 anthrax differential diagnosis 26.44 systemic sclerosis management 56.19 bladder carcinoma 114.2 infective eczema 39.24 antibiotic resistance 26.8 wound healing 10.11 complications 114.1–7 investigations 26.12 antigens in atopic eczema 41.12, 41.13 Stemmer’s sign 100.20 Crohn disease association 114.7–8, Lancefield group antigens 26.11 associated diseases 26.7 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 26.54 114.9, 114.10 M protein 26.11, 26.12, 26.35 atopic eczema 26.13, 41.30 HIV infection 31.20 irritant skin reactions 114.10–13 pathophysiology 26.11–12 bacterial interference 26.6 Stensen’s duct 110.6 pyoderma gangrenosum perianal cellulitis 26.33–4, 111.21, 113.10 biofilms 26.5 sternum, surgery 20.46 association 114.7–8, 114.9, 114.10 perianal dermatitis 113.10 blepharitis 109.10 steroid hormones 149.2, 149.4 cutaneous Crohn disease 97.12 post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis blistering distal dactylitis 117.8 steroid sulphatase (STS) gene dermatological assessment 114.3 with impetigo 153.6 botryomycosis 26.72, 26.73 mutations 65.4, 65.6 granulomas 114.11 recurrent toxin-mediated perineal carbuncle 26.25–6 steroid withdrawal syndrome 19.18–19 hypergranulating polyps 114.11 erythema 26.32 carriage 26.7 Stevens–Johnson syndrome 12.2–3, hyperkeratotic papules 114.112 rheumatic fever 150.5 suppression 26.7–8 119.12–22 infections 114.3–4 superantigen toxins 26.32 cellulitis 105.11 antiretroviral therapy effect 31.10 inflammatory dermatosis throat and recurrent toxin-mediated chancriform pyoderma 26.83 classification 47.2 treatment 114.1 perineal erythema association 26.32 children with HIV infection 31.35 clinical features 110.48, 119.14–19 irritant contact dermatitis 129.6 toxic shock-like syndrome 26.36–7

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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toxin-mediated 26.34–7 differential diagnosis 51.14 sulphasalazine rosacea 91.13 vulval 112.24 epidemiology 51.11–12 adverse reactions 154.15 management 91.12 vulvovaginitis 26.33 investigations 51.14 dermatitis herpetiformis solar lentigines 132.7 streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins malignancy association 147.20–1 treatment 50.54, 50.55 subacute cutaneous lupus (SPE) 26.11 management 51.14 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.45 erythematosus treatment 51.14 streptococcal toxic shock syndrome 26.6, pathophysiology 51.12–13 sulphatases, multiple sulphatase usage 9.11 26.10, 26.11 subclavian vein thrombosis 105.13 deficiency 65.29 UV light blocking 18.30 Streptococcus faecalis, vulval subcorneal pustular dermatosis 49.14–15 sulphonamides 19.43 superantigens 8.28 infection 112.24 acute generalized exanthematous acute generalized exanthematous superficial acral fibromyxoma 95.30 Streptococcus group A 26.9–12, 26.11, 26.13 pustulosis differential pustulosis predisposition 119.2, superficial angiomyxoma 137.62 blistering distal dactylitis 26.34 diagnosis 119.4 119.4 superficial epithelioma with sebaceous dermatitis vegetans 26.83 amicrobial pustulosis of the skin folds exanthem induction 118.1 differentiation 138.18 ecthyma 26.16–17 differential diagnosis 49.17 photoallergic contact dermatitis 128.78 superficial vein insufficiency 103.36 erysipelas 26.18 clinical features 49.14–15 toxoplasmosis treatment 33.52 superficial venous thrombosis 103.30–1, HIV infection 31.20 differential diagnosis 49.15 sulphonylureas, eczema induction 118.4 103.32 β-haemolytic 154.4 epidemiology 49.14 sulphur, acne therapy 90.49 clinical features 103.31 erythema nodosum 99.18 IgA pemphigus association 50.7 sulphur amino acids, definition 103.30 perianal dermatitis 117.8 investigations 49.15 trichothiodystrophy 89.55 epidemiology 103.30–1 toxic shock-like syndrome 26.36–7 management 49.15 sun exposure investigations 103.31, 103.32 vulvovaginitis 26.33 pathophysiology 49.14 acquired elastotic haemangioma 137.30 pathophysiology 103.31 Streptococcus pyogenes 26.4, 26.10–12 pyoderma gangrenosum differential actinic lichen planus 37.7–8 thrombophlebitis migrans 103.31–2 carriage 26.11–12 diagnosis 49.4 allergic contact dermatitis 128.11 treatment 103.32 ecthyma 26.17 subcorneal pustules 3.38 atypical naevi 132.44 superinfections, congenital genetics 26.12 subcutaneous fat necrosis of the Bloom syndrome 79.4 ichthyoses 65.39 HIV infection 31.20 newborn 99.35, 99.53–5, 116.14–16 children 143.5–6 superoxide 8.44 impetigo 26.13–16, 117.7 clinical features 99.54, 116.15–16 dermatoporosis 155.9 production regulation 8.45 isolates 26.12 complications/co-morbidities 99.54 Flegel disease 87.16 support organizations 15.4 Kawasaki disease 26.84 definition 116.14 granuloma annulare 97.2 support surfaces, pressure ulcers pathophysiology 26.11 epidemiology 116.15 lentigo maligna 144.5 prevention 124.5 recurrent toxin-mediated perineal investigations 99.54–5 lip cancer 110.34–5 treatment 124.6 erythema 26.32 management 99.55 mechanical properties of skin 123.5 suppressors of cytokine signalling scarlet fever 26.35 pathophysiology 99.53–4, 116.15 melanoma 143.5–6 (SOCS) 8.5 toxins 26.30, 26.35 sclerema neonatorum differential structures 144.5, 144.8 suramin toxic shock syndrome 26.29–32 diagnosis 99.56, 116.17 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.2 onchocerciasis treatment 33.6 vulval infection 112.24 subcutaneous fat necrosis, pancreatic Meyerson naevi 132.30 trypanosomiasis treatment 33.40 Streptococcus sanguinis, Behçet disease disease association 152.6 occupational skin cancers 130.13 surgery association 48.2 subcutaneous lipomatosis 100.13–19 ochronosis 88.51 anatomy 20.2–5 Streptomyces, pitted keratolysis 26.42 subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell pigmentation response 88.8–9 aseptic technique 20.8 Streptomyces somaliensis 32.73 lymphoma 99.58–9, 140.31–2 psoriasis 35.5 basal cell carcinoma 140.7, 140.8, 140.9 stress, mechanical 123.3 clinical features 140.32 radiotherapy protection 120.13 benign naevi 20.46 stress, psychological 11.3 definition 140.31 scalp 107.9 bleeding complications 20.8, 20.10–11 acne vulgaris 90.16–17 lupus panniculitis differential seborrhoeic keratosis 133.1, 133.2 complications 20.8, 20.9, 20.10, 20.10–11 neurogenic inflammation 8.50 diagnosis 99.36–7 simple lentigo 132.4 consent 20.14 systemic lupus erythematosus management 140.31 sports injuries 123.15 cryosurgery 20.43 association 51.18–19 pathophysiology 140.31–2 squamous cell carcinoma curettage 20.44–5, 20.45 urticaria 42.8, 47.8 subcutaneous tissue association 142.28 dog-ear repair 20.34–5 stress response systems, anatomy 99.3 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.19, dressings 20.22–3 neuroendocrine 149.8 cellular composition 99.2, 99.3 51.21–2 electrocautery 20.40 96.9–10, 100.25 subepidermal nodular fibrosis 137.19 UVR 9.12 electrosurgery 20.40–3 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.10 subjective sensory irritation 129.10–11 venous lake association 103.14 elliptical excision 20.15–16 striae submandibular glands 110.6 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.3, 78.4, 78.5 epidermoid cysts 20.45 atrophicans 96.9–10 substance P 2.12, 85.2, 85.3 see also actinic entries; photodamage; equipment 20.5–8 distensae 96.9–10 cutaneous vasodilatation 106.1 solar entries eyelids 20.5 elastotic 96.29–30 itching in skin disease 83.6 sun protection see photoprotection facial gravidarum 96.9, 96.10, 115.3 sebaceous gland cells 90.19 sun protection factor (SPF) 9.11 blood vessels 20.2–3 striated muscle hamartoma 75.20 self-injury 8.53 sunbeds cosmetic units 20.2 string-of-pearls sign 50.35–6, 50.37 stress role 8.50 actinic keratosis incidence 142.3 free margins 20.2 stroke subungual abscess 95.37–8 melanoma risk 143.6 lymphatic supply 20.3 antiphospholipid syndrome subungual disturbances 95.13 pseudoporphyria induction 60.19 nerve blocks 20.3–4 association 52.1, 52.2 subungual exostosis 95.23–4, 95.25 squamous cell carcinoma sensory nerves 20.3–4 complex regional pain syndrome subungual haematoma 95.16–17, 123.15 association 142.28 flaps 20.25–7, 20.28, 20.29–30, 20.30 association 85.13 subungual haemorrhage 95.13 UVR exposure 9.13 granulating wounds 20.23, 20.24 stromelysins 2.33 subungual hyperkeratosis sunburn haemostasis for open wounds 20.45 Strongyloides stercoralis 33.15, 33.16–17 lichen planus of nail bed 37.12 severe reactions in xeroderma hand hygiene 20.6–7 perineum/perianal region 113.11–12 psoriasis 95.40 pigmentosum 78.3, 78.4, 78.5 head and neck 20.2–5 urticaria weals 42.6 subungual keratoacanthoma 95.27–8 sports injuries 123.15 hidradenitis suppurativa strongyloidosis 33.15–17 succulent gums 116.4 sunburn cells (SBC) 9.6 management 92.10–11 HIV infection 31.29 sucking blisters 116.3 sun-reactive skin types 88.9 history taking 20.8 stucco keratosis 133.3, 133.4 suckling pads 116.4 sunscreens 9.11–12, 18.30–2 incomplete excision 20.11 Flegel disease differential Sudeck atrophy 85.13, 154.2 actinic prurigo 127.13 infections 20.6, 20.10, 20.11 diagnosis 87.17 Sugio–Kajii syndrome 67.20–1 active photoprotection 9.12 keratoacanthoma 20.46 stump acne 123.15 suicidal ideation 86.33–4 allergy 127.10 knots 20.16–17 Sturge–Weber syndrome 73.2–3, 75.21–2 deliberate self-harm 86.31 Bowen disease management 142.21 limbs 20.5 facial haemangiomas 110.15 suicide chronic actinic dermatitis 127.20 lipomas 20.46 genetics 75.22 acne vulgaris 90.34–5 erythropoietic protoporphyria 60.15 local anaesthesia 20.11–12 heterotrimeric G-protein mosaic attempts by acne patients 11.4 hydroa vacciniforme 127.25 male genital lichen sclerosus disorders 75.21 dermatological patients 86.33–5 juvenile spring eruption 127.9 management 111.15 port-wine stains 23.7, 75.22 risk assessment 86.34 non-erythema endpoints 9.11–12 M-plasty 20.33, 20.34 stye 109.41 sulphamethoxypyridazine passive photoprotection 9.12 mucous membrane lesions 20.46 subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus dermatitis herpetiformis 50.54, 50.55 photodamage protection 96.4 nerve damage 20.2 (SCLE) 51.1, 51.11–14, 51.21 linear IgA disease treatment 50.37, 50.38 photosensitivity diseases 127.35 NF1 treatment 80.4 associated diseases 51.12 sulphapyridine phototoxic 127.28 patient preparation 20.14 clinical features 51.13–14 dermatitis herpetiformis 50.54, 50.55 polymorphic light eruption 127.7 pigmented lesions 20.46 complications/co-morbidities 51.13 linear IgA disease treatment 50.37, 50.38 porphyria management 60.6, 60.10 postoperative care 20.22–3, 20.24 definition 51.11 mucous membrane pemphigoid 109.33 porphyria cutanea tarda 60.13 postsurgical artefact 86.27

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surgery (continued) emotional 2.8 syndecans 2.37 oral ulceration 110.53 preoperative preparation 20.14–15 flushing association 106.3, 106.4–7 wound healing 10.7 other STI screening 29.25 pressure dressings 20.23 gustatory 85.15–16, 94.7–8 syndromic hypotrichoses parenchymatous 29.19 protective clothing 20.7 submental 94.7 autosomal dominant 68.16–17 pathophysiology 29.6–8 relaxing incisions 20.35 treatment 18.33 autosomal recessive 68.17–18 congenital disease 29.28 safety 20.8 itching relationship 41.15 synovitis, Acinetobacter 26.50 penicillin treatment 29.25 scars mental 2.8, 94.3 synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis perineum/perianal region 113.12 orientation 20.2 night sweats 94.5 and osteitis (SAPHO) syndrome pinna 108.11 unsatisfactory 20.11 osmotic factors 94.3 see SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pregnant women 29.26 secondary intention healing 10.10, 20.23 submental gustatory 94.7 pustulosis, hyperostosis and presentation 29.8–10, 29.11, 29.12–14, shoulder 20.46 thermal 2.8 osteitis) syndrome 29.15, 29.16–19 skin cancer 146.12–13, 146.14 thermoregulatory 94.3, 94.4–5 syphilides congenital disease 29.28, 29.29 skin grafts 20.31, 20.31–2, 20.33 transient acantholytic dermatosis corymbose 29.13 prevalence 29.3, 29.4, 29.5 skin surface cleansing 20.15 association 87.22, 87.23 lichenoid 29.13 primary 29.3, 29.5 skin tension lines 20.2 urticaria 42.9 macular 29.10, 29.11 differential diagnosis 29.19–21 snip excision 20.45 sweating sickness 94.4 nodular 29.15, 29.16 fingers 95.38 spina bifida 85.10 Sweet syndrome 49.6, 49.7, 49.8–12, 110.31 papular 29.10, 29.11, 29.12–13 presentation 29.8–10 squamous cell carcinoma 140.7, 140.8, aphthous ulcers 110.32 serpiginous nodulosquamous 107.10 prognosis 29.22 140.9, 142.31–2 associated diseases 49.6, 49.7, 49.8 tubercular 29.15 rapid point-of-care tests 29.24 standing cutaneous deformity classical 49.6, 49.7 syphilis 29.3–27, 111.24–5 response to treatment 29.26 repair 20.34–5 clinical features 49.9–11, 148.6 age groups 29.5 scalp 107.10 sterilization 20.7–8 definition 49.6 congenital disease 29.27 secondary 29.3, 29.5 sternum 20.46 diagnostic criteria 49.10, 49.11 anal fissure differential diagnosis 113.29 differential diagnosis 29.21 surgical needles 20.16 differential diagnosis 49.10–11 anal lesions 29.9 erythema multiforme 31.21 Sweet syndrome association 148.6 disease course 49.11 antimicrobial resistance 29.5 nephrotic syndrome 153.6 syringomyelia treatment 85.8 drug-induced 49.6, 49.7, 49.9, 148.6 associated diseases 29.6 pathophysiology 29.6 techniques environmental factors 49.9 biological false positive reactions 29.24 pityriasis rosea differential historical aspects 1.8 epidemiology 49.6, 49.7, 49.8 cardiovascular 29.6–7, 29.17–18, 29.19 diagnosis 25.92 wart treatment 25.53 erythema elevatum diutinum cerebrospinal fluid examination 29.24–5 pityriasis versicolor differential tricone repair 20.34–5 differential diagnosis 102.9–10 HIV-seropositive individuals 29.26 diagnosis 32.12 undermining levels 20.2 erythema nodosum association 99.18 chancre 29.8–9, 111.24 presentation 29.10, 29.11, 29.12–13, upper back 20.46 histiocytoid 49.10 extragenital 29.10 29.14, 29.15 vermilion border 20.5, 20.6 hypocomplementaemic urticarial classification 29.3 psoriasis differential diagnosis 35.19 wedge excision 20.33 vasculitis differential clinical features 29.8–10, 29.11, 29.12–14, telogen effluvium 89.26 wound closure 20.25–7, 20.28, 20.29–30, diagnosis 102.19 29.15, 29.16–22 serological screening 29.24 20.30–5 infections 49.9 congenital disease 29.28, 29.29, sex differences 29.5 wound dressings 20.11 investigations 49.11–12 29.30–3 congenital disease 29.27 wound healing 20.23, 20.24 leukaemia cutis differential clinical variants 29.19 sexual contact management 29.27 obesity 100.26 diagnosis 140.49 congenital disease 29.28, 29.30, 29.31 stages 29.8 wound infections 20.6, 20.10, 20.11 Majeed syndrome association 45.8 congenital 29.27–8, 29.29, 29.30–5 tertiary 29.15–19, 29.20 Z-plasty 20.33, 20.34 malignancy-associated 49.6, 49.7, 49.9, classification 29.27 atrophic scars 96.11 see also biopsy of skin; Mohs 147.23 clinical features 29.28, 29.29, 29.30–3 differential diagnosis 29.22 micrographic surgery; sutures management 49.12 clinical variants 29.28, 29.30, 29.31 mucous membrane lesions 29.16–17, Sutton ulcers 110.29 nomenclature 49.6 definition 29.27 29.18 sutures paraneoplastic 148.6 epidemiology 29.27, 29.28 necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis buried dermal 20.19–20 pathergy 49.8 investigations 29.33–5 of the scalp margin differential horizontal mattress 20.20–1 pathophysiology 49.8 late 29.31–2 diagnosis 93.5 knots 20.16–17, 20.18, 20.19 prognosis 49.11 management 29.34–5 tongue lesions 110.53 materials 20.16 pyoderma gangrenosum neonatal lupus erythematosus treatment failure 29.26 pulley 20.21, 20.22 coexistence 148.7 differential diagnosis 116.13 treatment ladder 29.25 purse string 20.22 respiratory disorder association 151.5 neonates 29.33–4, 116.26 vulval sarcoidosis differential removal 20.23 rheumatoid neutrophilic pathophysiology 29.28 diagnosis 98.14 running intradermal 20.22 dermatosis 55.3 presentation 29.28, 29.29 yaws 29.14 simple interrupted 20.18–19 sarcoidosis association 98.14 saddle-nose deformity 29.17, 29.29 differential diagnosis 26.68 subcuticular 20.22 severity classification 49.11 stigmata 29.32–3 syphilitic alopecia 29.13, 29.15 technique 20.17–22 subacute cutaneous lupus course of untreated 29.8 syringocystadenoma vertical mattress 20.20, 20.21 erythematosus association 51.12 definition 29.3 papilliferum 138.20–1 wound healing 10.10 subcutaneous 49.10, 99.48–9 differential diagnosis 29.19–22 scalp 107.10 sweat systemic lupus erythematosus endemic 26.66–7 syringoid eccrine carcinoma 138.38 abnormal odour 94.15–16 association 51.30 epidemiology 29.3, 29.4, 29.5–6 syringoma composition 94.3–4 variants 49.9 congenital disease 29.27, 29.28 acne vulgaris differential rate of production 2.9 swimmer’s itch 131.2 follow-up 29.26–7 diagnosis 90.25 sweat chloride test 94.4 swimmer’s shoulder 123.16 gummata 29.6, 29.16, 29.16–17, 29.18, eyelid 109.47 sweat duct 94.3 swimming, otitis externa 108.17 111.24–5 malignant 138.37–8 sweat glands 2.1, 2.2, 2.8–9 sycosis 26.26–7 hair loss 89.47 malignant chondroid 138.32, 138.33 abscesses 116.24 clinical features 26.26–7 histopathology 29.6–7 penile 111.27 carcinomas 138.34–40 herpes simplex virus 31.22 historical aspects 1.7 vulval 112.30 endocrine mucin-producing 138.39 investigations 26.27 HIV infection 31.21 syringomyelia 85.7–8 sclerosing 138.37–8 lupoid 26.26–7 incidence 29.3, 29.4, 29.5 hand–arm vibration syndrome development 2.4 management 26.27 incubation period 29.8 differential diagnosis 123.24 disorders 94.1, 94.4–18 pathophysiology 26.26 infective cheilitis 110.87 post-traumatic 85.10 endocrine mucin-producing pseudofolliculitis differential investigations 29.22–5 systematic reviews 17.5 carcinoma 138.39 diagnosis 93.2 latent 29.3, 29.5, 29.13–14 application to specific patient 17.11–12 hypohidrotic ectodermal symmetrical drug-related intertriginous diagnosis 29.25 critical appraisal 17.8 dysplasias 67.13 and flexural exanthem follow-up 29.26–7 fixed-effects models 17.9–10 male ano-genital region 111.5 (SDRIFE) 118.4, 118.5–6 leukoplakia 110.53 importance of results 17.9–11 precursor fluid 2.8–9 symmetrical dyschromatosis of the management 29.5, 29.25–7 language bias 17.8 secretory nerve fibres 2.8 extremities 70.15–16 congenital disease 29.34–5 publication bias 17.8, 17.11 sympathetic nerve terminals 2.8 sympathectomy, hyperhidrosis treatment failure 29.26 random-effects models 17.9–10 see also apocrine glands; eccrine glands treatment 94.9–10 treatment ladder 29.25 randomized controlled trials 17.8 sweating sympathetic nerve injury 85.12 meningovascular 29.6–7, 29.19 summary value 17.10 active 2.8 sympathetic skin response 85.4 nomenclature 29.3 validity 17.8–9 atopic eczema 41.15 symplastic haemangioma 137.32–3 ocular 109.42 systemic amyloidosis 147.22 cold-induced syndrome 94.7 symptoms, measurement 16.3 onchocerciasis differential systemic capillary leak syndrome 43.4 eccrine in spinal cord injury 85.10 synaptophysin 3.20 diagnosis 33.5 systemic diseases

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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Compositae allergy 128.52 vascular reactions 51.23–5 monitoring 19.2 Takayasu arteritis 102.35–6 digestive system disorder vasculopathy 51.23–5 patient education 19.2 Talaromyces marneffei 32.90–1 association 152.6–9 warts 25.62 patient selection 19.2 HIV infection-associated 32.90–1 eye involvement 109.36, 109.37 see also bullous systemic lupus pharmacology 19.3 talc 18.8 hoarseness sign 151.7 erythematosus; mixed connective pre-treatment screening 19.2, 19.3 talon noir 101.6–7 itching 83.10–14 tissue disease record keeping 19.2–3 tamoxifen kidney disease 153.2–3 systemic sclerosis 56.1–21, 56.22, 57.1 risk reduction 19.1–2 alopecia 89.49 liver disease association 152.7 antibodies 57.7 standards of care 19.2 palmar fascial fibromatosis mouth ulcer association 110.39–56 associated diseases 56.7–9 see also immunomodulatory therapy management 96.32, 96.33 oral manifestations 110.89–92 autoantibodies 56.2, 56.8 systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis tampons, super-absorbent 26.30, 26.31 respiratory disease association 151.5–7 autoantibody patterns 56.2, 56.2–3 see juvenile rheumatoid arthritis tanapox virus infection 25.15 with skin features and cardiac bromodomains 56.12 tanning 88.5 involvement 150.4–6 cardiac involvement 150.4 T ability of skin 143.4 systemic fibrosis see nephrogenic systemic cardiopulmonary manifestations 56.11, T cells 8.30 delayed 9.7–8, 88.9 fibrosis 56.13 activation by APCs 8.28 devices 9.13 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 51.1– causative organisms 56.11 atopic eczema lesions 41.9–10 immediate pigment darkening 9.7 2, 51.14–37 classification 56.1–2, 56.2–3, 56.4, 56.16 histamine regulation of function 8.47 melanogenesis 9.7–8 alopecia areata association 89.29 clinical features 56.13–18 immunity against ringworm 32.21–2 persistent pigment darkening 9.7 ANA-negative 51.34 complications/co-morbidities 56.16–17, immunogenotyping 3.27 response to UV radiation 88.9 antinuclear antibodies 51.27 56.20 macrophage interactions 8.23 UVR-induced 9.7–8 antiphospholipid syndrome cryoglobulins 101.13 sensitization process 8.55 tanning industry 9.3 association 52.1, 52.2 cutaneous features 56.4, 56.4–6, 56.14–15 sensitized 128.7 tapeworms see cestode infections autoantibodies 51.18 definition 56.1 skin disease pathogenesis 8.30 tar bullae 51.26 diagnosis 56.18, 56.19 skin-resident 2.15 carcinogenicity 18.33 cardiac involvement 150.4 differential diagnosis 56.16–17 subcutaneous fat 99.7 occupational skin cancers 130.13, 130.14 children 51.30 diffuse 56.1, 56.2, 56.6, 56.15 see also cytotoxic T lymphocytes topical corticosteroid classification 51.1–2, 51.14, 51.15 digestive system disorders 152.6 (CTLs); natural killer (NK) cell(s); formulations 18.18–19 clinical features 51.14, 51.19–32 digital nerves 85.3 regulatory T cells (T-regs); T-cell topical therapies 18.32–3 complement deficiency 82.18 disease course 56.17 clones; T-cell receptor(s) (TCR) tar derivatives, photocontact facial complications/co-morbidities 51.27–31 environmental factors 56.12–13 γδ T cells 8.30 melanosis 88.12 cryoglobulins 101.13 epidemiology 56.6–9 atopic eczema 41.11 tar warts 130.14 differential diagnosis 51.27 erectile dysfunction 56.21 epithelial 8.4 taste sensation 110.7 discoid lupus erythematosus differential ethnicity 56.7 wound healing 10.3 TAT gene mutations 65.63, 81.12 diagnosis 51.9 extracellular matrix deposition 56.10 T helper cells 8.30 tattoos 88.53–5 disease activity assessment 51.34–5 gastrointestinal manifestations 56.4, histamine regulation of response 8.47 accidental 88.53, 88.54 disease course 51.31–2 56.13, 56.15 T helper type 1 (Th1) cells 8.30, 8.59 black henna 88.54 DRESS association 119.10 genetics 56.11–12 immune response 8.59 complications 88.54–5, 123.21–2 environmental factors 51.18–19 history taking 56.13 T helper type 2 (Th2) cells 8.30, 8.59 decorative 88.53–5 epidemiology 51.14–15 HLA region role 56.11 allergy 8.56–7 functions 88.54 genetic factors 51.17–18 hyperpigmentation 88.20–1 atopic eczema 41.10, 41.14 granulomas, carbon dioxide laser hair changes 51.23 incidence 56.6–7 IgE production 41.11 ablation 23.18, 23.19 hypocomplementaemic urticarial innate immune components 56.12 immune response 8.58, 8.59 granulomatous reactions 128.61 vasculitis differential investigations 56.18, 56.19 T helper type 2 (Th2) pathway, immunity Koebner phenomenon 123.21 diagnosis 102.19 limited 56.1, 56.2, 56.15 against ringworm 32.22 laser treatment 23.11–12, 23.13, 160.4–5 IgA vasculitis differential lung involvement 56.11, 56.15, 56.18, T helper type 17 (Th17) cells 8.59, 148.15 lichen planus 37.13 diagnosis 102.15 56.21 acne vulgaris 90.18 mercury toxicity 128.24 immunohistology 51.16–17 macrophage inhibitory factor role 8.23 morphoea 57.8 oral 110.65 infantile urticaria 117.6 malignancy association 56.8–9, 147.21 T helper type 17/interleukin 22 (Th17/ paradoxical darkening 160.5 inheritance 51.17 management 56.19, 56.21, 56.22 IL-22) cells 8.30 pigments 88.54 investigations 51.32–5 microvascular injury 56.9 T helper type 22 (Th22) cells 8.59 removal 88.5 Klinefelter syndrome 76.4 morphoea relationship 57.23–4 T4 endonuclease V 18.28 traumatic 123.22 lichen planus association 37.13 musculoskeletal manifestations 56.15, skin cancer treatment in taxanes, alopecia induction 120.5 lip manifestations 110.88 56.18 immunocompromised permanent 89.49 lupus-specific changes 51.21–2 nomenclature 56.1 patients 146.16 Tay syndrome 65.33 malignancy association 147.20–1 occupational disorders 56.13, 96.42, Tabanidae 34.7, 34.8 tazarotene 18.23 management 19.5, 51.35–7 96.43 29.17, 29.19, 29.20 T-cell clones 140.2–3 mucinosis 51.26 oral features 110.57–8 tacalcitol 18.24–5 mycosis fungoides 140.9 mucous membrane lesions 51.26–7 organ-based disease assessment 56.18, plaque psoriasis treatment 35.23 T-cell deficiency disorders 148.15 multicentric reticulohistiocytosis 56.20, 56.21, 56.22 structure 18.24 T-cell mediated cytotoxicity 8.31 association 136.24 overlap 56.1, 56.7–8, 56.16–17 tachykinin substance P 8.51 T-cell receptor(s) (TCR) 8.30 nail changes 51.22–3 pathophysiology 56.9–13 tachykinins, itching in skin disease 83.6 T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, mycosis older people 51.30 pityriasis rubra pilaris association 36.1 tachyphylaxis, topical corticosteroids 18.18 fungoides 140.9 oral contraceptives 51.30 predisposing factors 56.9 tacrolimus T-cell-mediated drug oral lesions 110.45 presentation 56.13–15 acne association 90.11 hypersensitivity 12.2–4 pathophysiology 51.15–19 prevalence 56.6–7 atopic eczema treatment 41.31 tea tree oil 128.52 pigmentary changes 51.26 primary biliary cirrhosis 152.5 chronic actinic dermatitis teeth pinna 108.13, 108.14 prognosis 56.17 management 127.20 biology 110.3–4 pregnancy 51.30, 115.5 proteoglycans 2.40 eczema treatment 39.6, 39.7 congenital syphilis 29.32–3 primary immunodeficiency 82.3 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.53 eosinophilic pustular folliculitis development 110.3 prognosis 51.31–2 pulmonary arterial hypertension 56.11, treatment 93.9 ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft prolidase deficiency differential 56.15, 56.18 granuloma annulare treatment 97.7 lip/palate (EEC) syndrome 67.18 diagnosis 72.9 radiography 95.47 Hailey–Hailey disease treatment 66.13 epidermolysis bullosa 110.16 respiratory disease association 151.2 Raynaud phenomenon 56.4, 56.13–14 hypertrichosis treatment 89.63 generalized severe recessive dystrophic Schnitzler syndrome differential renal manifestations 56.11, 56.15 lower leg eczema treatment 39.21 epidermolysis bullosa 71.25 diagnosis 45.10 respiratory disease association 151.2 morphoea treatment 57.26, 57.28 hypohidrotic ectodermal serum factor defects 8.32 scleredema differential diagnosis 59.10 necrobiosis lipoidica treatment 97.11 dysplasias 67.13 skin cancer association 146.5 severity classification 56.16 pityriasis alba treatment 39.26 junctional epidermolysis bullosa 71.12, subcorneal pustular dermatosis subsets 56.1, 56.2 pityriasis lichenoides management 135.5 71.13 association 49.14 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.6 structure 18.19 nail–patella syndrome 69.16 systemic sclerosis, overlap 56.8 variants 56.15–16 systemic lupus erythematosus oral mucosa junction 110.4 telogen effluvium 89.26 Werner syndrome differential treatment 51.35 recessive generalized severe dystrophic urticaria 51.26 diagnosis 72.23 topical 18.19–20 epidermolysis bullosa 71.17 urticarial vasculitis association 44.2 see also mixed connective tissue disease wound healing 10.11 structure 110.3 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.6 systemic therapy 19.1–3 Taenia solium 33.30, 61.1 teicoplanin 19.42–3 variants 51.20–7 drug interactions 19.2 taeniasis 33.30–1 TEK gene mutations 73.11, 73.12, 103.22

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telangiectasia 101.2, 103.8–12 seborrhoeic dermatitis treatment 40.5, anal abscess differential thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ageing of skin 155.9 40.6 diagnosis 113.26 receptors 149.20 Bloom syndrome 79.3 sporotrichosis treatment 32.73 thrips 34.28 thyrotoxicosis, pruritus 83.12 causes 103.9 tinea capitis treatment 32.40 thrombasthenia 101.3 thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), chronic venous insufficiency 103.39 treatment ladder 32.73 thrombin receptor 8.41 function 149.9 cutis marmorata congenita 116.3 Terry’s nails 95.14, 152.9 thromboangiitis obliterans 103.4–6, 121.2 Thysanoptera 34.28 discoid lupus erythematosus 51.6 p-tertiary-butylphenol 88.45, 88.46 acute scrotum 111.20 TIA-1 3.24 generalized essential 103.9, 103.9, testes 111.4 arterial occlusion 103.5, 103.6 Tichner–Hanhart syndrome 65.63–4 103.16–18 testosterone, male balding 89.17 clinical features 103.5 tick(s) 34.35–9 clinical features 103.17 test–retest reliability 16.2 corkscrew collaterals 103.5, 103.6 classification 34.35–6 definition 103.16 tetanus epidemiology 103.5 hard 34.35–6, 34.36 epidemiology 103.16–17 dracunculiasis secondary infection 33.12 investigations 103.5, 103.6 mouthparts 34.36 management 103.17–18 immunization 131.6 management 103.6 soft 34.35–6, 34.36, 34.38 pathophysiology 103.17 injecting drug abuse 121.4 pathophysiology 103.5 tick bites/tick-borne diseases 34.37–9 hereditary haemorrhagic 103.9 umbilical infection 116.25 Raynaud phenomenon differential acrodermatitis chronica hypotrichosis–lymphoedema– tetracyclines 18.11, 19.42 diagnosis 125.9 atrophicans 96.13 telangiectasia syndrome 73.19 acne conglobata treatment 90.56 thrombophlebitis migrans clinical features 34.38 laser treatment 23.9–10, 23.11, 160.2 anti-inflammatory effects 19.43 association 103.32 ecthyma differential diagnosis 26.17 legs 160.3–4 hyperpigmentation 88.27, 88.28 thrombocytopenia 101.1 ehrlichiosis 26.63 macularis eruptiva perstans 103.9 nail colouration 95.14 heparin-induced 101.10–11 IgE induction 12.2 mastocytosis 46.1, 46.3, 46.5 phototoxicity 129.10 antiphospholipid syndrome Lyme disease 26.69, 96.13 oral mucosa 110.9, 110.72 sarcoidosis treatment 98.16 differential diagnosis 52.2 lymphadenopathy 34.38 pathophysiology 103.9 Texier disease 99.47 neonatal lupus erythematosus 51.38 management 34.39 primary 103.15–16 TGFBR1 gene mutations 142.36, 142.37 subcutaneous fat necrosis of the pathophysiology 34.38 systemic sclerosis 56.4, 56.13 TGF-β type II receptor (TRII) 155.6, newborn 116.15 prevention 34.39 unilateral naevoid telangiectasia 155.7–8 thrombocytopenic purpura 101.3, 101.4 reactions 34.38 syndrome 103.18–19 TGM1 gene mutations 65.7–8 Epstein–Barr virus 25.32 relapsing fever 26.69, 34.35, 34.38 varicose veins 103.35 thalassaemias 148.16 HIV infection 31.13 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 26.77 see also ataxia telangiectasia; hereditary pseudoxanthoma elasticum-like varicella infection 25.26 secondary infections 34.38 haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT); lesions 96.28 thrombocytosis 101.3–4 tick paralysis 34.38 spider telangiectases thalidomide 19.40–1 erythromelalgia 84.10 tick typhus 26.78 telangiectatic metastatic carcinoma 147.2 actinic prurigo management 127.13 purpura 101.4, 101.11–12 tularaemia 26.56–7 teledermatology 4.25–6 adverse effects 19.40–1 thromboembolism prophylaxis 103.30 TIE2 gene mutations 103.22 adherence to treatment 11.7 cautions 19.41 thrombo-occlusive disease 102.4 tight junctions 2.19–20, 129.3 telogen 89.7 contraindications 19.41 thrombopathia 101.3 time trade-off (TTO) 16.6 gravidarum 89.25 discoid lupus erythematosus thrombophlebitis tinea prolongation 89.18 treatment 51.11 krokodil abuse 121.3 acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau release, delayed/immediate 89.24 dose 19.41 migrans 103.31–2 differential diagnosis 35.42 telogen effluvium 89.10, 89.24–8 drug–drug interactions 19.41 definition 103.31 amiantacea 32.40 abrupt-onset 89.25 embryopathy 108.4 penile 111.8 barbae 32.41 acute 89.24–5 erythema multiforme 47.6 superficial migratory 99.8–9, 99.10 sycosis differential diagnosis 26.27 chronic 89.25–7 erythema nodosum leprosum thrombosis chemotherapy-induced nail change investigations 89.27–8 treatment 28.16 cancer-associated 147.25–6 differential diagnosis 120.7 primary 89.27–8 microtia 108.4 inflammatory bowel disease circinata 32.36 definition 89.24 monitoring 19.41 association 152.3 faciei 32.41–2 drug-induced 89.27 oral aphthous ulceration in HIV 31.33 IVIG adverse reaction 19.36 papulopustular rosacea differential female pattern hair loss differential pharmacological properties 19.40 thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) 8.25 diagnosis 91.11 diagnosis 89.21 pre-treatment screening 19.41 thrombotic thrombocytopenic genital 111.23–4 histological sections 3.40 recurrent aphthous stomatitis 110.30 purpura 110.62 granuloma annulare differential HIV infection association 89.47, 107.10 regimens 19.41 antiphospholipid syndrome differential diagnosis 97.6 hyperandrogenism 145.18 thallium, reactions to 122.8 diagnosis 52.2 hand eczema 39.17 infants 117.14 theque 3.38–9 HIV infection 31.13 imbricata 32.37 pathogenesis 89.24 therapeutic relationship 86.39 thromboxanes 8.48–9 incognita 18.17 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.23 Theridiidae 34.32–3 thrush see candidosis nigra 32.14–15 telomere shortening, dyskeratosis thermal damage time (TDT), selective thymic stromal lymphopoietin nummular dermatitis differential congenita 69.13, 77.3 thermolysis 23.5 (TSLP) 41.10, 41.14 diagnosis 39.8–9 temozolomide, melanoma thermal injury thymol 18.34 steroid-modified 32.50 treatment 143.35 acronecrosis 95.47 thymoma 148.16, 148.18 tinea capitis 32.38–41, 117.9 TEMPI syndrome 148.12 chemical burns differential paraneoplastic pemphigus alopecia areata differential temporal arteritis see giant cell arteritis diagnosis 129.12 association 50.6, 148.8 diagnosis 89.32 temporal artery 20.2–3 irritant contact dermatitis differential pemphigus erythematosus causative organisms 32.38 temporal lobe epilepsy 86.9 diagnosis 129.6 association 50.6 clinical features 32.38–40 temporalis muscle 110.5 thermal relaxation time (TRT), selective thyroid dermopathy see pretibial differential diagnosis 32.40 temporomandibular joint (TMJ), thermolysis 23.5 myxoedema ectothrix type 32.38, 32.39 examination 110.5 thermokinetic selectivity 23.5 thyroid disease endothrix type 32.38, 32.39 tenascin-X deficiency 72.7 thermoregulation 2.43, 125.1 Cowden syndrome association 80.14, epidemiology 32.38 tendon sheath disturbance in milaria 94.13 80.15 favus type 32.38, 32.40 fibroma 137.11–12 thiamine 63.13–14 DRESS involvement 119.9 infection control 32.40–1 giant cell tumour 137.19 thiazides, phototoxicity 127.28 myxoedema in 59.11–13 kerion 32.39 Tenebrionidae 34.29 thimerosal 18.8 periocular oedema 105.16 management 32.40–1 tennis toe 123.16 thioacetazone, drug eruptions 31.17 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.29 pathophysiology 32.38 tenofovir 31.9 thioalcohols 18.29 telogen effluvium 89.25, 89.26 prevention 32.33 tensile strength of skin 96.19 thioglycollates 18.29 vitiligo association 88.35 seborrhoeic dermatitis differential teratogenicity thiomersal 18.8 thyroid hormones 149.9 diagnosis 107.1, 107.2 methotrexate 19.24 thiopurine methyltransferase receptors 145.20 treatment ladder 32.40 mycophenolate mofetil 19.27 (TPMT) 14.10 thyroid tissue, ectopic 110.11 tinea corporis 32.35–7 potassium iodide 19.28 azathioprine metabolism 19.8, 19.9 thyroid transcription factor 1 annular erythema of infancy differential retinoids 19.38 thoracic outlet obstruction 105.13, 105.14 (TTF-1) 3.23 diagnosis 47.7 thalidomide 19.40 thoracic outlet syndrome and cervical rib thyroiditis clinical features 32.36–7 terbinafine 18.11, 19.44 hand–arm vibration syndrome alopecia areata association 89.29 definition 32.35 acute generalized exanthematous differential diagnosis 123.24 postpartum 145.20 differential diagnosis 32.37 pustulosis predisposition 119.2, Raynaud phenomenon differential thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), infants 117.8–9 119.4 diagnosis 125.9 function 149.9 leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11 dermatophytosis 32.33 Thost–Unna keratoderma 65.46 thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor management 32.37 treatment failure 32.35 threadworm 33.13–14 (TSHR) 105.48, 145.20 pathophysiology 32.35–6

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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pityriasis rotunda differential ingrowing 95.19–21 quantity for application 18.3–4 definition 120.1 diagnosis 87.8 chemical cautery 95.58–60 side effects 18.5 epidemiology 120.1 pityriasis versicolor differential tofacitinib solvents 18.6 investigations 120.3 diagnosis 32.12 plaque psoriasis 35.29 surfactants 13.9 management 120.3 treatment ladder 32.37 psoriatic arthritis treatment 35.45 uptake by skin microcirculation 13.6 pathophysiology 120.1–2 tinea cruris 32.46–7 togavirus infections 25.74–8 vehicles 18.5–8 symmetrical drug-related intertriginous psoriasis differential diagnosis 35.19 tolbutamine, eczema induction 118.4 choice of 18.2–3 and flexural exanthem differential symmetrical drug-related intertriginous Toll-like receptor(s) (TLRs) 8.2, 8.14–15 metamorphosis 13.9–10 diagnosis 118.6 and flexural exanthem differential signalling 26.6 volatile solvent use 13.8–9 variants 120.2 diagnosis 118.6 Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), rosacea 91.4, waxes 18.7 toxic erythema of the newborn 116.4–5 vulval 112.26–7 91.5 see also calcineurin inhibitors, topical; infantile acropustulosis differential tinea manuum 32.45–6 tolnaftate 18.12 corticosteroids, topical; retinoid(s); diagnosis 116.8 allergic contact dermatitis differential toluene-2,5-diamine (PTD) 128.41–2 vitamin D analogues toxic oil syndrome 96.43 diagnosis 128.62 TomoTherapy 24.3, 24.5–6 topical therapy 18.1–37 toxic products of combustion, inhalation hand eczema differential tongue anti-infective agents 18.9–11 injury with burns 126.4 diagnosis 39.16 argyria 122.7 antiperspirants 18.33 toxic pustuloderma 119.1–4 keratolysis exfoliativa differential brown/black hairy 110.65–6 astringents 18.9 toxic shock syndrome 8.28, 26.29–32 diagnosis 87.24 cellulitis 26.18 depigmenting agents 18.28–9 clinical features 26.30–1 tinea pedis 32.32–3, 32.42–5 central papillary atrophy 32.63 depilatories 18.29 complications/co-morbidities 26.31 causative organisms 32.43 circumvallate papillae 110.7 sensitizing agents 18.30 definition 26.29 clinical features 32.43–5 coated 110.65–6 sunscreens 18.30–2 epidemiology 26.30 differential diagnosis 32.44–5 dorsum 110.6–7 traditional remedies 18.33–4 investigations 26.31 epidemiology 32.43 erythema migrans 110.13–14 see also emollients management 26.31–2 erythrasma differential diagnosis 26.40 filiform papillae 110.7 TORCH syndrome 25.87, 148.5 measles differential diagnosis 25.85 infection control 32.45 fissured 110.14, 110.20–1 Torulopsis, vulvo-vaginitis 112.26 pathophysiology 26.30 management 32.45 foliate papillitis 110.60 torus mandibularis 110.6 streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome pathophysiology 32.43 furred 110.65–6 touch corpuscles 2.12 differential diagnosis 26.37 pitted keratolysis differential haemangiomas in Klippel–Trenaunay touch domes 2.12 toxin 1 26.30 diagnosis 26.42 syndrome 110.15 touch pads, development 2.4 vulval lesions 112.23 treatment ladder 32.45 lymphangioma 110.10 touch sensation, Merkel cell–neurite see also streptococcal toxic shock tinidazole, trichomoniasis treatment 33.36 macroglossia 110.60 complex 2.11 syndrome tin-tack sign 51.4 median rhomboid glossitis 32.63, 110.71 touch spots 2.12 Toxicodendron spp. 128.52, 128.54 tissue cooling 23.5 movement 110.7 Touraine centrofacial lentiginosis 110.12 desensitization 128.59 tissue hypoxia, subcutaneous fat necrosis oral hairy leukoplakia 25.32–3 Touraine–Solente–Gole syndrome toxin-mediated perineal erythema, of the newborn 116.15 plicated 110.20–1 see primary hypertrophic recurrent 26.32 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase psoriasis 35.14, 35.15 osteoarthropathy Toxocara canis 33.19 (TIMP) 8.43 scrotal 110.20–1 Townes–Brocks syndrome 108.3 chronic urticaria 42.6 wound healing 10.2, 10.5, 10.7 strawberry 110.72 toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) 12.2–3, Toxocara catis 33.19 diabetic wounds 10.9 venous malformation 73.10 119.12–22 Toxocara malayensis 33.19 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 ventrum 110.6 classification 47.2 Toxoplasma gondii 33.51–2 (TIMP-1) 8.43 see also geographic tongue clinical features 110.48, 119.14–19 toxoplasmosis 33.33, 33.51–2 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 tongue-tie see ankyloglossia complications 119.17–18 oral lesions 110.51 (TIMP-2) 8.43, 10.2, 10.5 tonsillitis, psoriasis association 35.4 culprit drug removal 119.19–20 TP53 gene mutations 142.2, 142.26 tissue optics 23.3–4 toothpaste allergy 128.15 definition 119.13 TP63 gene 67.8 absorption 23.3–4 topical drug delivery 13.1, 14.2, 18.1–8 diagnosis 110.48 TP73 gene 67.8 photochemical change 23.4 absorption 18.5 differential diagnosis 119.17 trabecular carcinoma of the skin see Merkel photomechanical reactions 23.4 active pharmaceutical ingredient 13.6 disease course 119.18–19 cell carcinoma photostimulation 23.4 adherence 11.6 drug eruptions 31.17, 31.18, 154.10, , leprosy differential photothermal reactions 23.4 advice to patients 18.4 154.14 diagnosis 28.12 reflection 23.3 alcohols 18.7, 18.9 drugs predisposing to 119.2, 119.13 trachyonychia 95.11–12 scattering 23.4 antibiotics 18.10–11 epidemiology 119.13 traditional remedies transmission 23.4 antifungal agents 18.11–12 erythema multiforme relationship 47.1 topical therapy 18.33–4 tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), antihistamines 18.33 fluid replacement 119.21 see also complementary therapies; herbal frostbite management 125.3 antiparasitic agents 18.13 generalized bullous fixed drug eruption products/medications tissue sections, microscopic antiseptics 18.9–10 differential diagnosis 118.12, 118.13 TRAF1 gene expression 140.28 examination 3.29–33 antiviral agents 18.12–13 genetics 119.14 transaldolase deficiency 72.12 titanium dioxide 18.8 application frequency 18.3 Hailey–Hailey disease differential transcription coupled repair (TCR) 9.6 UV light blocking 18.30–1 concentration of drug 18.1–2 diagnosis 66.12 transcription/DNA repair factor IIH Tityus 34.34–5 co-solvent use 13.7–8, 13.9 infections 119.21 (TFIIH) 65.33 TNF-receptor associated periodic depigmenting agents 18.28–9 investigations 119.19 transepidermal elimination (TEE) 96.49– syndrome (TRAPS) 8.35 dermato-pharmacokinetic method 13.7 management 110.48, 119.19–22 50, 96.51 TNFRSF1A gene mutations 45.5 emulsifiers 13.9, 18.6, 18.7 mucous membrane pemphigoid transepidermal water loss tobacco chewing erythema multiforme 47.4 differential diagnosis 50.29 (TEWL) 13.1–2 erythroplasia 110.72 factors determining permeation 13.3–4 nail shedding 95.8 irritant contact dermatitis 129.6 keratosis 110.75 fatty acids 18.7 nutrition 119.21 measurement 16.3 toe(s) flux across skin 13.7–10 ocular complications 109.34, 109.36 measurement in occupational acquired digital fibrokeratoma 137.4 formulations 13.4–5, 18.5–8 ocular effects 109.29 disorders 130.5 deformities 123.7 greases 18.6 oral lesions 110.48 neonates 116.2 distal phalangeal erosive lesions 95.47 hazards 18.5 pathology 47.4 xerosis cutis 87.25 fibro-osseous pseudotumour of the humectants 18.6, 18.7 pathophysiology 119.13–14 transferosomes 18.8 digits 137.5–6 lanolin 18.6–7 prognosis 119.18–19 transferrin, unsaturated 32.21 fused lipids 18.5–7 renal failure 153.6 transforming growth factor α (TGF-α), in Kindler syndrome 71.19 macrogols 18.7 severity classification 119.17 keratincotye-generated 8.5 in recessive generalized severe microdialysis 13.7 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) 2.36, dystrophic epidermolysis mineral oils 18.6 differential diagnosis 26.28, 116.24 8.36 bullosa 71.17 occlusion 18.5 subacute cutaneous lupus ageing of skin 155.6 inclusion body fibromatosis 137.10–11 topical corticosteroids 18.19 erythematosus association 51.12 collagen gene expression paronychia of great toe of infants 95.36 optimization 13.7–10 systemic lupus erythematosus modulation 2.31 periungual infections 95.38 penetration enhancers 18.3, 18.6, 18.7–8 association 51.21 collagen production regulation 155.6 sports injuries 123.15–16 percutaneous absorption variants 119.17 hair growth inhibition 89.10 toe clefts, bacterial flora 26.5 mechanisms 13.2–3, 13.6 vulval adenosis 112.42 keratincotye-generated 8.5 toe webs, Pseudomonas aeruginosa powders 18.8 see also Stevens–Johnson syndrome scarring 10.8 infection 26.52 preservatives 18.6, 18.8 toxic erythema of chemotherapy 120.1–3 wound healing 10.6, 10.7, 10.8, 10.11 toenails propylene glycol as co-solvent 13.7–8, agents 120.1 transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), footwear-induced trauma 95.18–21 13.9 clinical features 120.2–3 wound healing 10.3, 10.5

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transfusion reactions 148.16, 148.18, 148.19 sympathetic nerve injury 85.12 trichodysplasia spinulosa polyoma virus epidemiology 78.9 allergic 148.16, 148.19 tattoos 123.22 (TSPyV) 87.14, 87.15 investigations 78.11 skin involvement 148.18 trichothiodystrophy association 89.55 trichoepitheliomas 107.10, 138.9–10 management 78.11 transglutaminase 1 (TG1) 65.10 vulval 112.40–1 desmoplastic 138.10–11 pathophysiology 78.9–10 deficiency 65.10, 65.12 see also athletes; injury, skin; mechanical eyelid 109.47 photosensitive 65.33 transglutaminase 5 71.4 injury; sports injuries familial 23.18 premature ageing 79.2 transient acantholytic dermatosis 87.22–4 traumatic alopecia 32.40 multiple 138.9, 139.10 skin ageing 2.47 clinical features 87.23 travel, diagnosis of skin disease 4.4 solitary giant 138.11 trauma association 89.55 definition 87.22 Treacher–Collins syndrome trichofolliculoma 138.8–9 variants 68.21, 68.22, 78.9, 78.11 epidemiology 87.22 microtia 108.4, 108.5 trichogram 89.11 xeroderma pigmentosum/ investigations 87.23 peri-auricular anomalies 108.5 trichohepato-enteric syndrome, trichothiodystrophy syndrome 78.6, malignancy association 147.17 trematode infections 33.24–8, 33.29 trichorrhexis nodosa 89.54 78.11 management 87.24 trench fever 26.60, 34.21 tricholemmomas, eyelid 109.47 trichotillomania 86.17–19, 89.45–7 pathophysiology 87.22–3 trench foot 125.3–4 trichome stains 3.8, 3.9 alopecia areata differential pemphigus vulgaris differential pallidum 26.66 diagnosis 89.32 diagnosis 50.7 subsp. carateum 26.68 eyelashes in HIV 31.32 clinical features 86.17–18, 89.45–7 transient aquagenic keratoderma 65.54–5 Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum 26.66 trichiasis 120.6 DSM-IV criteria 89.45 transient pustular melanosis 116.7 Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum 29.3, 29.7 Trichomonas 33.36 epidemiology 86.17, 89.45–6 neonatal 93.10 congenital disease 29.28 vulvo-vaginal candidosis differential investigations 86.19 transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 dark-field microscopy 29.22 diagnosis 32.64 management 86.19, 89.47 gene (TRPV3) gene 65.62 differential diagnosis 29.7 trichomoniasis 33.33, 33.35–6 pathophysiology 89.46 transient receptor potential vanilloid fetal infection 29.27 trichomycosis psychopathology 89.45–6 receptor 1 (TRPV1) 85.2 immunoevasiveness 29.6 axillaris 26.37, 26.41–2 trichotillosis 86.17–19 transmembrane receptors microbiology 29.7–8 pubis 111.22–3 trichromes 88.5, 88.6 linked to intracellular enzymes 14.4, molecular amplification tests 29.22 trichonosis 33.22–3, 33.24 triclocarban 18.10 14.5 morphology 29.7 trichophagia 86.18, 89.46 triclosan 18.10 without enzyme-linked activity 14.4, non-treponemal tests 29.23 trichophytin test 4.24 tricyclic antidepressants 86.36–7 14.5 serological tests 29.23 Trichophyton 32.18, 32.19, 32.20 trigeminal nerve zoster 25.28–9 transplacental transfer treponemal antigen tests 29.23–4 hand eczema differential trigeminal neuropathic pain of maternal autoantibodies 116.11–14 Western blot assay 29.24 diagnosis 39.16 syndromes 84.5–6 of maternal malignant disease 116.14 Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue 26.67, identification 32.27–8, 32.29–30, 32.30–2 clinical features 84.6 TRAPS see tumour necrosis factor receptor- 26.68 Trichophyton concentricum 32.27, 32.37 definition 84.5 associated periodic syndrome treponemal infections Trichophyton equinum 32.27 epidemiology 84.5–6 (TRAPS) eyes 109.42 Trichophyton erinacei 32.27 investigations 84.6 trauma tropical ulcer 26.65 Trichophyton gourvilii 32.27 management 84.6 anal 113.31–2 see also syphilides; syphilis Trichophyton interdigitale 32.28, 32.32 nomenclature 84.5 anal fissure differential diagnosis 113.29 treponematoses, non-venereal 26.66–8 tinea cruris 32.46 pathophysiology 84.6 atrophic scars 96.11–12 tinea pedis 32.43, 32.44 trigeminal trophic syndrome 84.6–7 burns 126.1 solar elastosis management 96.4 Trichophyton megninii 32.27 acné excoriée differential chemotherapy-induced nail change striae management 96.10 Trichophyton mentagrophytes 32.2, 32.27 diagnosis 86.16 differential diagnosis 120.7 see also isotretinoin; retinoic acid Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. atypical 84.7–8 complex regional pain syndrome 85.13 TREX1 gene mutations 51.17, 51.22 quinckeanum 32.27–8 triggering receptors expressed by myeloid cutaneous vasculitis differential triamcinolone acetonide 20.44 Trichophyton rubrum 32.28, 32.29, 32.30 cells (TREMs) 8.23 diagnosis 102.4 intralesional 18.19 HIV infection 31.26, 31.32 triglycerides 99.4 ear piercing complications 108.7 skin atrophy 96.7 onychomycosis 31.32 trimethylaminuria 94.16–17 eczema 39.24–5 localized lipoatrophy from perineum/perianal region 113.11 olfactory reference syndrome differential excessive response to injury 96.45–9 injection 100.10 tinea corporis 32.35, 32.36 diagnosis 86.9 external ear 108.6–7 prepubertal acne 90.63 tinea cruris 32.46 triparanol, acquired ichthyoses 65.41 factitious panniculitis 99.48 Triatominae 34.27–8 tinea manuum 32.45, 32.46 tripe palms 147.15–16 fibro-osseous pseudotumour of the triazoles 19.43, 19.44 tinea pedis 32.43, 32.44 triple response of Lewis 85.4 digits 137.6 Tribolium castaneum 34.29 Trichophyton schoenleinii 32.28, 32.30 trisomy 13 76.2 footwear 95.18–21 trichiasis 120.6 Trichophyton simii 32.30 spinal dysraphism association 85.8 friction blisters 123.9 trichilemmal carcinoma 138.6–7 Trichophyton soudanense 32.30 trisomy 18 76.2 gas gangrene 26.47 trichilemmal cysts 107.10, 134.1, 134.2, Trichophyton tonsurans 32.30, 32.31, 117.9 spinal dysraphism association 85.8 granuloma annulare 97.2 134.3–4 Trichophyton verrucosum 32.31 trisomy 21 76.1–2 hair shaft 89.60 proliferating tumours 138.5 Trichophyton violaceum 32.31–2 neonatal pustulosis of transient HSV transfer 25.16 trichilemmal tumour, proliferating 138.5–6 erythroderma 39.33 myeloproliferative disorder 116.8 infiltrating lipomatosis of the face trichilemmoma 138.6 Trichophyton yaoundei 32.32 see also Down syndrome differential diagnosis 100.18 Trichinella spiralis 33.22–3, 33.24 trichoptilosis 89.60 triton tumour 137.45 lymphoedema 105.49–50 trichloroacetic acid 20.43–4 tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome 67.9– Trombiculidae 34.51–2 male genital dermatoses 111.7–9 chemical peel 159.2, 159.4, 159.9 10, 67.20–1, 68.16 Tropheryma whippelii 152.4, 154.4 manicure instruments 95.18 actinic keratosis treatment 142.11 trichorhizophagia 86.18 trophoblastic tumours, pemphigoid medical trauma hair loss 89.45 trichloroethylene 96.42 trichorrhexis invaginata 68.21 gestationis 115.13 morphoea association 57.10 trichoadenoma 138.4 Netherton syndrome 89.53 tropical immersion foot 26.52 mucous membrane pemphigoid trichobezoar 86.18–19, 89.46 trichorrhexis nodosa 68.21, 89.54–5 tropical pulmonary eosinophilia differential diagnosis 50.29 trichoblastoma 138.11–12 argininosuccinic aciduria 81.15, 89.54 syndrome 105.44 nails 95.16–21 cutaneous lymphoadenoma 138.12–13 biotinidase deficiency 89.54 tropical sprue 88.24 acute 95.16–17 solitary giant trichoepithelioma 138.11 distal 89.54–5 tropical ulcer 26.65–6 chronic repetitive 95.17–21 tricho-dento-osseous syndrome 67.9–10, hair colouration 89.71 yaws differential diagnosis 26.68 delayed 95.17 67.19 localized 89.55 tropoelastin 2.34–5 footwear-induced 95.18–21 kinky hair 67.19, 68.23 Menkes disease 81.18 Trousseau sign 147.25 plantar keratoderma differential trichodiscoma 138.15 Netherton syndrome 89.53 Trousseau syndrome, thrombophlebitis diagnosis 69.12 trichodynia proximal 89.55 migrans association 103.32 shedding 95.8 androgenetic alopecia 89.15 trichohepato-enteric syndrome 89.54 TRPV superfamily 8.53 neuromas 137.45 chronic telogen effluvium 89.27 weathering 89.60 TRPV3 gene mutations 65.62 obstetric 113.32 trichodysplasia spinulosa 25.42–3, trichoscopy 89.11, 89.12 true histiocytic lymphoma 136.27–8 onycholysis 95.9 87.14–15, 87.16, 89.47, 89.48 Trichosporon 32.16, 32.17 Trueperella pyogenes 26.43 panniculitis 99.51–2 clinical features 87.15 systemic mycosis 32.94–5 trunk, allergic contact dermatitis 128.16– penile 111.7–9 definition 87.14 trichostasis spinulosa 89.59 17 perianal/perineal 113.31–2 epidemiology 87.14 trichoteiromania 89.45 Trypanosoma 33.36, 33.37–8, 33.39 periungual tissues 95.38 investigations 87.15 trichotemnomania 89.45 trypanosomiasis 33.33, 33.36–40 pseudo-knuckle pads 96.34, 96.35 management 87.15, 87.16 trichothiodystrophy 65.33, 68.10, 68.21–2, African 33.36, 33.37–8, 33.39, 33.40 psoriasis association 35.5–6 multiple minute digitate keratoses 78.9–11, 89.55–6 American 33.36–7, 33.38, 33.39–40 spinal cord injury 85.10 differential diagnosis 87.18 autism association 89.55 causative organisms 33.37–8 Sweet syndrome association 148.6 pathophysiology 87.14–15 clinical features 78.10–11 clinical features 33.39–40

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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definition 33.36 anal fissure differential haematopoietic 147.2 injecting drug abuse 121.3 epidemiology 33.36–7 diagnosis 113.29 malignant nail 95.31–4, 95.35 leukaemia cutis differential HIV infection 31.28 anal fistula differential multisystem 147.2 diagnosis 140.49 association 31.28 diagnosis 113.27 nail 95.21–34, 95.35 Lipschutz 112.18–19 investigations 33.40 peripheral arthritis 154.4 oestrogen-producing 145.19 livedoid vasculopathy 101.22 nomenclature 33.36 primary inoculation 27.12–13 peripheral neuroectodermal 137.45–55 male genital 111.4, 111.17–19 pathophysiology 33.37–8 protective immunity 27.3–4 perivascular cells 137.42–5 HIV infection 111.25 treatment ladder 33.40 skin reactions 151.4 pityriasis rubra pilaris association 36.1 necrobiosis lipoidica 97.10, 97.11 tryptase 2.17, 8.21, 8.41 spine 154.4 precancerous male genital 111.27–9 neuropathic ulcer 85.4–7 ectopic eczema 41.14 verrucosa cutis 27.6 of skin appendages 138.1–2 oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8 mastocytosis 46.6, 46.7, 46.8 amoebiasis differential spillage 147.3, 147.5 pentazocine ulcers 123.20 urticaria 42.4 diagnosis 33.35 spread from adjacent/distant perianal 113.8, 113.9 L-tryptophan 96.43 vulval sarcoidosis differential tissues 147.2–7 Crohn disease differential TSC1 and TSC2 genes 80.10, 147.8 diagnosis 98.14 uncertain histogenesis 137.61–6 diagnosis 113.25 tsetse flies 34.7 see also lupus vulgaris; scrofuloderma see also malignancy; metastases; soft- perioral in herpes simplex virus 31.22 t-test 17.20–1 tuberculous chancre 27.12–13 tissue tumours pressure points 103.3 tuberculid erythema induratum 27.6 tuberculous lymphadenitis, HIV tumour-to-tumour 147.5 pressure sores 113.32 tuberculids 27.25–32 infection 31.22 Tunga penetrans 34.13, 34.14 prevention in foot 85.6 atrophic scars 96.11 tuberculous mastitis 27.32 tungiasis 34.13–14 primary immunodeficiency 82.2 classification 27.25 tuberin 80.10 Tungidae 34.12 prolidase deficiency 81.14 nodular 27.25, 27.29–32 tuberous sclerosis complex 80.9–12 turban tumour 107.10, 138.30–1 radiotherapy-induced 120.13 papulonecrotic 27.28–9, 151.4 cardiac disorders 150.3 Turcot syndrome 80.13 rheumatoid 154.6–7 granuloma annulare differential clinical features 80.10–12 Muir–Torre syndrome association 142.39 sickle cell anaemia 148.16 diagnosis 97.7 diagnostic criteria 80.11 turf cancer 125.12 squamous cell carcinoma necrotizing lymphocytic folliculitis disease course 80.12 turf toe 123.16 complication 142.27 of the scalp margin differential fibrous connective tissue naevi 75.18 Turner syndrome 76.3–4, 105.35 stoma complication 114.7 diagnosis 93.5 genetic counselling 80.12 halo naevi association 88.41 systemic sclerosis 56.4, 56.13, 56.18 see also erythema induratum of Bazin; inheritance 80.10 intestinal lymphangiectasia 105.42 thalassaemias 148.16 lichen scrofulosorum investigations 80.12 lymphatic malformations 105.35 trigeminal trophic syndrome 84.7 tuberculin reaction 8.60 malignancy association 147.8 lymphoedema 73.21 atypical 84.8 tuberculin skin test 4.24, 27.4 management 80.12 macrotia 108.4–5 tropical ulcer 26.65–6 tuberculosis oral lesions 110.26 pilomatricoma association 138.13 vasculopathic in dermatomyositis 53.6, complex regional pain syndrome pathophysiology 80.10 sclerema neonatorum differential 53.7 association 85.13 prevalence 80.10 diagnosis 116.17 infection 26.64 congenital 116.26–7 prognosis 80.12 swollen face, head and neck 105.15 vulval 112.18–20 cutaneous 27.5–12 radiological findings 80.12 venous malformations 103.22 causes 112.18 anti-TNF- treatment 27.12 renal involvement 153.2 turpentine see also aphthous stomatitis; aphthous BCG vaccination 27.11–12 respiratory disorder association 151.5 allergy 128.54–5, 128.58 ulcers; leg ulceration; oral ulcers; classification 27.5–6 vitiligo differential diagnosis 88.38 substitutes 128.58 venous leg ulcers; venous ulcers clinical spectrum 27.5–6 tufted angioma 137.25–6 twenty-nail dystrophy 95.45 ulcerative colitis 152.1–3 description 27.6 tularaemia 26.56–7, 34.38 Tydeidae 34.49 hair colour changes 89.71 diagnostic tests 27.8–9 tumbu fly 34.9 tylosis 110.19 lichen planus association 37.13 differential diagnosis 27.7–8 tumoral calcinosis 61.4 oesophageal cancer 65.59, 65.60, 110.19, linear IgA disease association 50.34 disease-specific changes 27.7 familial 81.19–20 147.7 necrobiosis lipoidica association 97.8 drug dosing schedule 27.9–10 tumour immune surveillance, reduced and typhus pyoderma gangrenosum granuloma development 27.7 skin cancer 146.5–6 epidemic 26.76–7, 34.12, 34.21 association 154.5 gummata 27.18–19 tumour necrosis factor (TNF) 8.35 murine 26.77, 34.12 reactive lesions 152.2–3 haematogenous spread 27.5, 27.6, biological properties 8.35 scrub 26.79 skin cancer association 146.5 27.18 endothelial cell actions 8.35 sporadic 26.77 ulcerative sarcoidosis 98.13 leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11 IFN role 8.34 tick 26.78 ulcerative stomatitis 110.42 metastatic abscesses 27.5, 27.18–19 receptors 8.35 TYR gene mutations 70.6 ulerythema ophryogenes miliary 27.12, 27.17–18 tumour necrosis factor (TNF) tyrosinaemia type 1 81.13 erythematotelangiectatic rosacea nucleic acid amplification tests 27.8–9 antagonists 19.29–31 tyrosinaemia type 2 65.63–4, 81.11, differential diagnosis 91.9 pathogenesis 27.6–7 dermatological uses 19.29–30 81.12–13 scarring 90.32 prevention 27.11 pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment 36.5 tyrosinaemia type 3 81.13 Ullrich–Turner syndrome see Noonan prognosis 27.10 tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) 8.35 tyrosinase syndrome transmission 27.6 early-phase allergic response 8.57 delayed tanning 9.8 ulnar artery 123.12 treatment 27.9–10, 27.11–12 hidradenitis suppurativa hair pigmentation loss 89.69–70 ulnar–mammary syndrome 74.5 warty 27.8, 27.19–21 management 92.10 tyrosine 70.1 ultrasonography 95.48, 95.49 diagnostic tests 27.4–5 keratinocyte function 8.5 tyrosine deficiency, phenylketonuria 81.12 diagnostic 4.22 erythema nodosum 99.18 melanoma treatment 143.29 tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors psoriatic plaque thickness 16.3 extensively drug resistant 27.1, 27.2, sarcoidosis 98.3 hair depigmentation 120.6 three-dimensional 7.10 27.10 Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic papulopustular eruptions 120.3, 120.4 ultraviolet (UV) exposure 2.47 eye infections 109.41–2 epidermal necrolysis 119.21 TYRP1 gene mutations 70.6 acne vulgaris 90.17 genital 112.24 toxic epidermal necrolysis Tyson glands 93.11, 111.5 actinic prurigo 127.10 glanders differential diagnosis 26.54 association 12.3 Tzanck smear 3.25 allergic contact dermatitis 128.11 granulomatous cheilitis differential tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) damage 88.8 diagnosis 110.86 antagonists, sarcoidosis U dermal connective tissue changes 96.1–6 hidradenitis suppurativa differential treatment 98.16–17 ubiquinone 156.2 melanocyte response 88.5, 88.7 diagnosis 92.7 tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) inhibitors ulceration melanoma 143.5–6 HIV co-infection 27.1, 27.3, 27.10, adverse reactions 154.15 ano-genital in HIV infection 113.13 Merkel cell carcinoma 145.2 31.21–2 plaque psoriasis treatment 35.29–30 basal cell carcinoma 141.10 mixed connective tissue disease 54.2 hyperhidrosis 94.5 tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) receptor, calibre-persistent artery of lip 110.88 polymorphic light eruption 127.3 immunology 27.3 pegylated recombinant human 8.35 conjunctival 87.14 porokeratosis association 87.20 immunopathology 27.4 tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated cytomegalovirus in HIV 31.23, 31.24 premature ageing of skin 153.4 infective cheilitis 110.87 periodic syndrome (TRAPS) 45.2, diabetic foot 64.2 reactive oxygen species production 8.44 latent 27.4–5 45.3, 45.5, 58.11, 58.12 diabetic of leg 64.1 rosacea association 91.4 miliary 27.12, 27.17–18 amyloid A amyloidosis 153.2 genital subacute cutaneous lupus multidrug resistant 27.1–2, 27.10 tumour suppressor genes 7.2 HIV infection 113.13 erythematosus 51.13 oral lesions 110.53 tumours primary herpes genitalis 25.20–2 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.18, orificial 27.16–17 benign 137.2 granulomatosis with polyangiitis 102.25, 51.21–2 penile 111.23 male genital 111.26–7 102.26 tanning 88.9 perianal 113.10 nail 95.21–31 haemodialysis complication 153.4 transient acantholytic dermatosis anal abscess differential vulval 112.29, 112.30, 112.31–2 infantile haemangiomas 117.21 association 87.22, 87.23 diagnosis 113.26 fat cells 137.58–61 infective eczema in lower leg 39.20 see also sun exposure

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ultraviolet (UV) filters 128.43 deficiency 60.11 non-allergic 42.5 carcinogenic risk 21.12 photoallergic contact dermatitis 128.78 gene mutation 60.11, 60.12 non-immune contact 129.8–9 combination therapy 21.9–10 ultraviolet index (UVI) 9.12–13 urothelial carcinoma of bladder/urethra, papular 42.14, 117.11 contraindications 21.5, 21.6 ultraviolet protection factor (UVP) 9.12 extramammary Paget disease arthropod bites/stings 34.3–4 delivery methods 21.8 ultraviolet radiation (UVR) 21.1–3 association 112.37 caterpillar reactions 34.31 home treatment 21.8 absorption spectrum 9.5 ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), perforating dermatosis differential indications 21.4–5 action spectroscopy 9.4–5 intrahepatic cholestasis of diagnosis 96.51 minimal erythema dose 21.7 acute effects 9.7–9 pregnancy treatment 115.10–11 toxic erythema of the newborn 116.5 narrow-band for plaque psoriasis 35.25 ageing of skin 155.9 urticaria 42.1–18 transient acantholytic dermatosis versus PUVA 21.5, 21.6 ambient erythemal 9.12–13 acute spontaneous 42.5 differential diagnosis 87.23 regimen variables 21.7–8 artificial sources 9.3, 21.2–3 investigations 42.14 patch test complication 128.72 staff safety 21.15 population exposure 9.13 aetiology 42.4–6 pathophysiology 42.4–7 subcorneal pustular dermatosis 49.15 basal cell carcinoma risk factor 141.2–3 aggravating factors 47.7–8 physical 42.8–10, 47.9–10 systemic agent combination 21.10 biological dosimetry 9.2 alcohol-induced 42.5 pigmentosa 3.40 topical agent combination 21.9 calibration/dosimetry 21.3 allergic 41.24, 42.5, 47.8 mastocytosis 46.1, 46.3–5, 46.10 UVB radiation 9.2, 21.1, 21.2 carcinogenesis 9.9–10 angio-oedema 42.14, 151.2, 151.3 platelet role 8.26 action spectroscopy 9.4–5 cardiovascular disease role 9.9 annular erythema of infancy differential platinum toxicity 122.9 matrix metalloproteinase induction 9.10 cellular effects on skin 9.6–7 diagnosis 47.7 pregnancy 42.8, 47.8, 115.9, 115.10 photoageing 9.11 chromophore changes 9.4 aquagenic 42.12–13, 42.13 presentation 42.14 sunscreen protection 9.11 chronic effects 9.9–11 autoimmune 42.6, 47.8 pressure 47.7 UVC radiation 9.2 clinical effects 9.7–11 progesterone 42.8 progesterone 47.8 uveitis DNA damage repair 9.5–6 caterpillar reactions 34.31 prognosis 42.14 autoinflammatory granulomatosis of erythema 9.7 challenge procedures 42.9, 47.9 pseudoallergic reactions 42.5, 42.6, 42.6, childhood 45.7 exposure risks 9.13 children 42.14 47.7–8, 118.6 herpes zoster 109.40 fluorescent tube source 9.3 cholinergic 42.9, 42.11–12, 42.14, 47.8, psychological factors 47.8 psoriasis association 35.14 gene upregulation 9.6 47.11–12, 106.8, 117.5–6 rheumatic fever 55.8 psoriatic arthritis association 35.43 genetic changes 146.5 cold urticaria association 42.11 schistosomiasis 33.25 vitiligo association 88.35 immunomodulation 9.8–9 chronic spontaneous 42.5–6, 42.14 Schnitzler syndrome 45.9 innate immunity enhancement 9.13 investigations 42.14–15 severity classification 42.14 V keratinocyte function 8.5 psychological factors 86.3 solar 42.12 vaccinations measurement 9.2 classification 42.3 spontaneous 47.7–8 atopic eczema 41.9, 41.29 molecular effects on skin 9.5–6 clinical features 47.7–15 stress 42.8 morphoea association 57.10, 57.14 normal effects on skin 9.5–11 cold contact 42.9, 42.10–12, 42.14, 45.5, sweating 42.9 vaccinia virus infection 25.7 occupational skin cancers 130.14 47.11 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.26 anthrax differential diagnosis 26.44 photoageing 9.10–11 complications/co-morbidities 42.14 targeted therapy 42.18 monkeypox differential diagnosis 25.8 physical dosimetry 9.2 contact 42.13–14 temperature-dependent 42.10–12, 47.8, vacuum-assisted closure, neuropathic population exposure 9.12–13 allergic 42.13–14 47.10–12 ulcers 85.6 production 9.1–2 chemical burns differential urticarial vasculitis differential vagabonds’ disease 88.24, 88.25 scleredema treatment 59.10 diagnosis 129.12 diagnosis 44.3–4 vaginal adenocarcinoma, vulval seborrhoeic keratosis 133.2 irritant contact dermatitis differential vibration 47.10 adenosis 112.42 skin cancer 9.9–10, 146.5 diagnosis 129.6 see also allergic contact urticaria vaginal candidosis 31.26 occupational 130.14 non-allergic 42.14 urticarial vasculitis 42.6, 42.14, 47.6 vaginal discharge 112.23 skin damage 155.6 non-immune 129.8–9 associated diseases 44.2 vaginitis, desquamative 112.9–12 skin interactions 9.3–4 definition 42.1 clinical features 44.3–4 valaciclovir 19.44 solar 9.1, 9.2–3 delayed pressure 42.10, 42.14, 47.6, 47.10 complications/co-morbidities 44.4 post-herpetic neuralgia 84.5 sources 9.1–2 dermographism 42.14, 47.9–10, 47.11 definition 44.1 validation, measurement tools 16.2 subcategories 9.2 diagnosis 4.3, 123.3 differential diagnosis 44.3–4 validity 5.13, 17.7–9 tanning induction 9.7–8 differential diagnosis 42.3, 42.14 disease course 44.4 clinical trials 17.12–13 terrestrial 9.2–3 disease course 42.14 epidemiology 44.1–2 strengthening 17.13–14 therapeutic and melanoma risk 143.6 drug eruptions 42.5, 42.14, 42.16, 47.7, erythema multiforme differential valproate 86.38 transmission through skin 9.4 118.6–8 diagnosis 47.6 cutaneous sclerosis induction 96.43 vitamin D role 9.9 environmental factors 42.7, 47.6 hypocomplementaemic disease 44.3 valvular heart disease, antiphospholipid see also phototherapy; UVA radiation; eosinophil granule proteins 8.19 Schnitzler syndrome differential syndrome association 52.2 UVA-1 phototherapy; UVB epidemiology 42.3–4 diagnosis 45.10 Van Buchem disease 67.7 phototherapy; UVB radiation erythema marginatum differential investigations 44.4, 44.5 van der Woude syndrome ultraviolet (UV)-sensitive diagnosis 47.12 management 44.4–5 ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft syndrome 78.8–9 factitious 42.8–10 nomenclature 44.1 lip/palate syndrome differential Cockayne syndrome differential foods 47.7–8 pathophysiology 44.2–3 diagnosis 67.18 diagnosis 78.9 genetics 42.7, 47.6 prognosis 44.4 oral lesions 110.26 xeroderma pigmentosum differential heat contact 42.10, 47.10 severity classification 44.4 syndromic cleft lip/palate 110.23 diagnosis 78.6 heroin abuse 121.3 variants 44.3 Van Maldergem syndrome 73.19 umbilicus histamine liberators 42.5, 42.13 urticaria-like follicular mucinosis 59.16–17 vancomycin 19.42–3 bacterial flora 26.5 histological sections 3.40 ustekinumab 19.31–2 vancomycin-induced linear IgA disease 47.6 bacterial infections 116.25 idiopathic 42.5 palmoplantar pustulosis treatment 35.40 vanishing bone syndromes 72.19 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 26.52 immunomodulatory therapy 42.18 pityriasis rubra pilaris treatment 36.6–7 lymphatic malformations 73.16 skin metastases 147.4 inducible 42.8, 42.9, 47.8–13 plaque psoriasis treatment 35.30–1 see also Gorham–Stout syndrome uncombable hair syndrome 89.57, 89.58 classification 47.8 psoriasis treatment 19.31 vanishing penis syndrome 111.7 uncomfortable hair syndrome 68.22, 68.22 weals 47.9 psoriatic arthritis treatment 19.31, 35.45, varicella gangrenosa 25.26 undecylenic acid 18.12 infants 117.5–6 35.46 varicella infection 25.23, 25.24–6 Unicararia stenocephala 33.18 infection-induced 42.5–6, 47.8 pyoderma gangrenosum treatment 49.6 atypical, rickettsialpox differential unilateral naevoid telangiectasia infections 42.8, 47.3 UVA radiation 9.2, 21.1, 21.2 diagnosis 26.79 syndrome 103.18, 103.19 infestations 42.6 action spectroscopy 9.4–5 children with HIV 31.35 Unna–Thost disease 65.43–4 investigations 42.14–16 matrix metalloproteinase induction 9.10 chronic 25.26 upper limb locusts 34.30 photoageing 9.11 clinical features 25.25–6 surgery 20.5 malignancy association 147.23 sunscreen protection 9.11 complications/co-morbidities 25.25–6 see also arm, swollen management 19.34, 42.16–18 UVA-1 phototherapy 21.1–2, 21.5–6 fetal 116.22 Urbach–Wiether disease see lipoid mechanical 42.9, 47.8, 47.9–10 administration 21.10 haemorrhagic 25.25 proteinosis mechanical forces 42.8–10 delivery methods 21.10 infants 117.7 urea, penetration enhancer 18.7 menstrual cycle 42.8 minimal erythema dose 21.10 investigations 25.26 urethral caruncle 112.30 association 47.8 side effects 21.14 management 19.44, 25.26–7 urethritis, gonorrhoea 30.3 molybdenum toxicity 122.9 systemic sclerosis 56.19 maternal 116.22 urogenital cancers, lymphoedema 105.22 neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis 44.2, see also photochemotherapy (PUVA) monkeypox differential diagnosis 25.8 urokinase receptor (uPAR) 8.41 45.4 UVB phototherapy 21.1–2 mouth ulcers 110.51 uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase nickel allergy 42.8, 47.8 administration 21.7–8 oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8 (UROD) 60.4 nomenclature 42.1 adverse effects 21.11–12 orf differential diagnosis 25.10

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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pathophysiology 25.24–5 vascular proliferative lesions, oral 110.72 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.24 epidemiology 103.22 pityriasis lichenoides differential vascular tumours 137.23–39 systemically reactivated allergic contact gastrointestinal 73.13 diagnosis 135.5 benign 137.25–33 dermatitis 128.58 glomuvenous 73.13–14 pregnancy 25.25 malignant 137.36–9 Takayasu arteritis 102.35–6 investigations 103.23 prophylaxis 25.26–7 intermediate 137.33–6 urticarial 118.9 Maffucci syndrome 73.14–15 toxic shock syndrome association 26.30 reactive vascular lesions 137.23–5 variable-vessel 151.4 management 103.22–3 variants 25.25 see also haemangiomas variants 102.3–4 mucocutaneous 73.11–12, 110.16 varicella-zoster immune globulin vasculitides vessel size 102.2–3 palmoplantar 73.13 (VZIg) 116.22 cardiac involvement 150.4 X-linked lymphoproliferative pathophysiology 103.22 varicella-zoster virus (VZV) 25.15, oral lesions 110.54–5 diseases 82.10–11 solitary 103.21–3 25.23–31 respiratory disorder association 151.3–4 see also cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis; venous obstruction 147.26 aphthous ulceration 110.40 vasculitis, cutaneous 102.1–36 eosinophilic granulomatosis with venous occlusion, acrocyanosis differential biology 25.24 allergic genital 111.20 polyangiitis; giant cell arteritis; diagnosis 125.5 chronic verrucous 31.23 ANCA-associated granuloma faciale; granulomatosis, venous outflow obstruction 103.37 cytodiagnosis 3.26 giant cell arteritis differential with polyangiitis; Kawasaki disease; swollen arm differential disseminated 31.23 diagnosis 102.34 urticarial vasculitis diagnosis 105.13 HIV infection 31.23 polyarteritis nodosa differential vasculogenesis 103.1 venous reflux 103.37 infective cheilitis 110.87 diagnosis 102.30 vasculopathy, systemic lupus venous system, macrocirculation 103.27–8 lichen planus 37.2 anti-GBM 102.19–20 erythematosus 51.24–5 venous thromboembolism, pain management 31.23 chemotherapy-induced nail change vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) 2.8, antiphospholipid syndrome pregnancy 115.3–4 differential diagnosis 120.7 85.3 association 52.1, 52.2 reactivation in immune restoration classification 102.2 cutaneous vasodilatation 106.1 venous thrombosis 103.28–34 disease 31.23 clinical features 102.1–4 vasoconstriction, cold-induced 125.1, 125.4 HIV infection 31.13 transmission 25.24 cocaine use 121.3 VCAM-1 8.12 Mondor disease 103.33–4 treatment 31.23 cryoglobulinaemic 102.16–17, 102.18, vegetable oils 18.5–6 superficial venous varicella 25.24–6 125.11, 152.5 vegetating cicatricial pemphigoid, oral thrombosis 103.30–1 vulval lesions 112.28 clinical features 102.17 lesions 110.46 thrombophlebitis migrans 103.31–2 varicose eczema 39.18 definition 102.16 VEGFC protein, lymphoedema varicose veins 103.34–5, 103.36 allergic contact dermatitis differential epidemiology 102.16 therapy 105.58 Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome 103.24 diagnosis 128.62 investigations 102.17, 102.18 VEGFR3 gene mutations 105.25, 105.29 see also deep vein thrombosis (DVT) varicose veins 103.34–5, 103.36 management 102.17 veil cells 2.42 venous ulcers chronic venous insufficiency 103.38 pathophysiology 102.16–17 veins chronic venous insufficiency 103.36, Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome 103.24, definition 102.1 anatomy 103.27 103.38, 103.39 103.34 diagnosis 123.3 deep 103.27, 103.28 healing 10.2, 10.10 stripping causing erythema elevatum diutinum 102.8–10 macrocirculation 103.27–8 lower leg eczema complication 39.20 phlebolymphoedema 105.8 erythema induratum of Bazin 99.27–8 perforating 103.27 tropical ulcer differential surgery-induced lymphoedema 105.49 erythema multiforme differential physiology 103.27–8 diagnosis 26.66 telangiectases 103.35 diagnosis 47.5 superficial 103.27 ventilator-associated pneumonia, varicosities erythema nodosum 99.24 vellus hair burns 126.8 labial veins 112.4 familial Mediterranean fever 45.6 eruptive cyst 138.7–8 venulectasias, legs 160.3–4 oral cavity 110.72 history taking 102.1–2 growth 89.8 venules 2.42 variegate porphyria 60.4, 60.6, 60.7 hypocomplementaemic Velpeau disease see hidradenitis vermilion border 110.3 acute attacks 60.17 urticarial 102.18–19 suppurativa surgical incisions 20.5, 20.6 chemical-induced photosensitivity IgA 102.13–16 vemurafenib 143.32, 143.34 vermilionectomy 20.33 differential diagnosis 127.29 investigations 102.4 Venezuelan haemorrhagic fever 25.71 vernal keratoconjunctivitis 109.15, 109.16–17 clinical features 60.17–18 large-vessel 102.33–6 venlafaxine phototoxicity 127.28 clinical characteristics 109.18–19, 109.19, definition 60.17 leg ulceration venom 109.23 differential diagnosis 60.18 mixed leg ulcer differential Hymenoptera stings/bites 34.15 management 109.22 drug-induced photosensitivity diagnosis 104.7 immunotherapy 34.16 Verneuil disease see hidradenitis differential diagnosis 127.29 venous leg ulcer differential veno-occlusive priapism 111.35 suppurativa genetic counselling 60.18 diagnosis 104.3 venous angioma 73.9–11, 103.21–3 vernix caseosa 116.3 investigations 60.18 leukocytoclastic 102.5, 102.6 venous disorders 73.9–15, 103.27–37, verruca necrogenica see tuberculosis, malignancy association 147.22 inflammatory bowel disease 103.38, 103.39, 103.40 cutaneous, warty management 60.18 association 152.3 chronic venous insufficiency 103.36–7, verruca vulgaris skin lesion pathogenesis 60.17 papulonecrotic tuberculid differential 103.38, 103.39, 103.40 follicular mucinosis association 107.7 variants 60.17–18 diagnosis 27.29 lymphatic malformation oral 110.62 vascular coagulopathies 101.21–5 Rickettsia conori association 26.78 association 73.16 verruciform xanthoma 110.62, 112.30 vascular disorders livedo pattern 102.3–4 venous thrombosis 103.28–34 genital 111.26 arteriovenous 73.7–9 lymphocytic 25.36 venous eczema, chronic venous verrucous carcinoma 113.19 capillary 73.1–7 malignancy association 147.24 insufficiency 103.38 foot 142.28 erythrocyanosis differential management 102.4 venous hypertension, femoral veins 39.19 genital wart differential diagnosis 25.57 diagnosis 125.6 medium-vessel 102.29–33 venous insufficiency 103.36 nail apparatus 95.32 internal malignancy meningococcal disease differential oedema 105.7 oral 110.38 association 147.24–6 diagnosis 26.49 see also chronic venous insufficiency vulval 112.35–6, 112.37 lymphatic anomalies 73.15–21 microscopic polyangiitis 102.20–3 venous lakes 103.14–15, 110.72–3 verrucous haemangioma 103.23–4 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.23–5 nodular 99.8, 99.26–8 laser therapy 23.10 verrucous perforating collagenoma 96.51 venous 73.9–15 tuberculous 27.31 venous leg ulcers 104.1–5 verrucous sarcoidosis 98.13 vascular disruption theory 105.38 periosis differential diagnosis 125.5 associated disorders 104.2 verruga peruana 26.62–3 vascular endothelial cells 103.1 pityriasis lichenoides differential classification 104.1, 104.3 versican 2.37, 2.39, 2.40 vascular endothelial growth factor diagnosis 135.5 clinical features 104.2–3 very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) (VEGF) 8.5, 103.1 presentation 102.2–3 definition 104.1 diabetes 62.11 Bartonella stimulation 26.60 primary immunodeficiency 82.3 differential diagnosis 104.3 hyperlipoproteinaemia type III 62.8 wound healing 10.2, 10.6 recurrent necrotizing epidemiology 104.1–2 hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV 62.10 vascular lesions eosinophilic 102.10–11 investigations 104.3–4 hyperlipoproteinaemia type V 62.9 Adamantiades–Behçet disease 48.6, renal involvement 153.6 management 104.4, 104.5, 104.6 Vesalius (Italian physician) 1.3 48.10 rheumatoid 154.6–7 pathophysiology 104.2 vesicles, oral mucosa 110.7, 110.8 atypical 105.39, 105.40 single-organ small-vessel 102.5–13 treatment algorithm 104.6 vesicular stomatitis virus infection 25.84 flashlamp treatment 23.6 small-vessel ANCA-associated 102.20–5, variants 104.3 Vespoidea 34.15 laser therapy 23.6–11, 160.1–4 102.26, 102.27–9 see also leg ulceration vestibular papillomatosis 112.3–4 vascular malformations 105.34 respiratory disorder venous malformations 73.9–11, 103.21–7 vestibule, vulval 112.3 infantile haemangioma differential association 151.3–4 associated disorders 103.24–7 vestibulodynia 112.39 diagnosis 117.17 small-vessel immune complex- blue rubber bleb naevus vibrating hand tools 123.23 swollen face, head and neck 105.15 associated 102.13–20 syndrome 73.12–13 hypothenar hammer syndrome 123.12 vascular neoplasms, radiotherapy- respiratory disorder association 151.4 clinical features 103.22 palmar fascial fibromatosis 96.32 induced 120.13 systemic disease indications 102.2 definition 103.21 see also hand–arm vibration syndrome

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vibration white finger see hand–arm perineum/perianal region 113.11 skin pathogenesis 149.10 pityriasis versicolor differential vibration syndrome persistent 25.4 synthesis 2.43 diagnosis 32.12 vibratory angio-oedema 42.9, 42.10, 47.10, picornavirus infections 25.79–84 melanin role 9.9 psychological impact 11.4 123.25 pinna 108.11, 108.15 restriction by pigmented skin 88.8 PUVA 21.4 Vibrio cholerae 5.9 pityriasis lichenoides 135.4 sunscreen effects 9.12 radiotherapy-induced 120.14 Vibrio vulnificus 26.64 polyarteritis nodosa 102.30 UVR exposure 9.9, 9.13 repigmentation 88.40 vidarabine polymerase chain reaction 25.5 vitamin D analogues rheumatoid arthritis 154.5 herpes simplex virus treatment 31.23 polyomavirus 25.41–2 Flegel disease treatment 87.17 segmental 88.37, 88.40 varicella-zoster virus 31.23 poxvirus 25.5–15 nail psoriasis 95.42 social stigma 11.5 villi 3.39 serological tests 25.5 plaque psoriasis 35.23 trichrome 88.37, 88.38 vimentin 3.21 systemic lupus erythematosus topical 18.23–6 universalis 88.37, 88.38 vinegar, cnidarian sting treatment 131.2 association 51.18–19 wart treatment 25.52 UVB phototherapy 21.4 vinorelbine, hyperpigmentation differential diagnosis 51.27 vitamin D deficiency 63.9–11 variants 88.37, 88.38 induction 120.8 systemic sclerosis 56.11 clinical features 63.10 vulval 112.20 vinyl chloride tests 25.5 epidemiology 63.10 vitronectin, wound healing 10.4–5 occupational acroosteolysis 95.47 togavirus 25.74–8 generalized severe recessive dystrophic Voerner disease 65.43–4 proximal nail fold capillaroscopy 95.53 vesicle fluid 25.5 epidermolysis bullosa 71.26 Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada syndrome 88.43 sclerodactyly 95.53 viral haemorrhagic fevers 25.69–78 hyperparathyroidism 145.21 hair pigmentary defect 88.35, 89.71 systemic sclerosis trigger 56.13, 96.42, vulval 112.27–9 investigations 63.10 vitiligo association 88.35 96.43 see also named viruses and infections management 63.11 Vohwinkel syndrome 65.49, 65.56–7 viral antigens, delayed sensitivity virions 25.2 mixed connective tissue disease 54.2 volatile agents, illicit use 121.2 testing 4.24–5 virus-associated haemophagocytic pathophysiology 63.10 volumizing of skin 157.2, 157.3 viral arthropathies 154.2–3 syndrome 136.27 systemic lupus erythematosus 51.35 vomiting, hyperhidrosis 94.5 viral haemorrhagic fevers 25.5, 25.69–78 viruses vitamin D receptor 18.23 von Hippel–Lindau syndrome 147.8 Argentinian 25.71 classification 25.2, 25.2–3 vitamin D supplements renal involvement 153.2 Bolivian 25.71 latent 25.4 hydroa vacciniforme 127.25 von Kossa staining 3.9 Brazilian 25.71 reactivation 25.4 photosensitivity diseases 127.35 von Recklinghausen disease see bunyavirus 25.72 replication in epidermal cells 25.4 vitamin E 63.11 neurofibromatosis type 1 epidemic typhus differential visceral larva migrans 33.19–20 antioxidant action 156.2–3 von Willebrand disease 101.3 diagnosis 26.77 vismodegib deficiency 63.11 von Willebrand factor, myeloproliferative filovirus 25.72–3 basal cell carcinoma treatment 141.15 excess 63.11, 63.12 disorders 101.12 flavivirus infections 25.73–4 naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome recommended daily intake 63.11, 63.12 voriconazole, skin cancer association 146.6 Lassa fever 25.70 treatment 141.20–1 vitamin K vulva Lujo virus 25.70–1 visual analogue scale (VAS) 16.3 deficiency 63.12–13 bacterial flora 26.5 meningococcal disease differential vitamin(s) injections and sclerodermiform bacterial infections 112.23–5 diagnosis 26.49 deficiencies 5.10, 63.7–23, 152.1 reactions 123.20 benign tumours 112.29, 112.30, 112.31–2 Rocky Mountain spotted fever excess 63.7–12 vitamin K deficiency bleeding bullous disorders 112.18–20 differential diagnosis 26.78 vitamin A 63.7–9 (VKDB) 63.12–13 congenital anomalies 112.4 tick typhus differential diagnosis 26.78 antiageing products 156.5 vitamin K1 injections 99.47 dermatoses 112.1–2 tick-borne 34.38 carotenaemia 63.8–9 cutaneous sclerosis examination 112.2 Venezuelan 25.71 deficiency 63.7–8, 87.13, 87.14, 88.23, induction 96.43 extramammary Paget disease 138.43, viral infections 25.1–92 88.24 vitiligo 5.4, 88.34–40 147.7 aphthous ulceration 110.40 excess 63.8–9 addisonian pigmentation 145.18, 149.18 female genital mutilation 112.41 atopic eczema 41.22 recommended daily intake 63.8 aetiology 88.35–6 function 112.2–4 blood fractions 25.5 skin pathogenesis 149.10 alopecia areata fungal infections 112.25–7 carcinogenesis 25.4 toxicity 63.8–9 association 89.29, 89.30 genodermatoses 112.4–5 culture specimens 25.5 see also retinoid(s); retinol autoimmune hypothesis 88.35 history taking 112.2 cytodiagnosis 3.26 vitamin B, antioxidant activity 156.2 chemotherapy-induced infections 112.23–9 Darier disease complication 66.7 vitamin B1 deficiency 63.13–14 hypopigmentation differential inflammatory dermatoses 112.6–17 diagnosis 3.27 vitamin B2 diagnosis 120.10 investigations 112.2 drug reaction association 12.3, 12.6 acne association 90.12 clinical features 88.36–9 malignancy 112.34–9 drug-induced exanthem differential deficiency 63.14–15 definition 88.34–5 mammary-like gland adenoma 138.21–2 diagnosis 118.2 iron deficiency differential depigmentation 88.40 oedema 112.22–3 ear piercing complications 108.7 diagnosis 63.24 dermatitis herpetiformis pain 112.39–40 encephalitis 34.38 vitamin B3 deficiency 63.15–17 association 50.53 pigmentary disorders 112.20–2 enteroviruses 25.79–84 iron deficiency differential differential diagnosis 88.37–8 pigmented lesion 143.13 erythema annulare centrifugum 47.9 diagnosis 63.24 electron microscopy 3.27 pre-malignant conditions 112.32–4 erythema nodosum 99.19 vitamin B6 endocrine disorder skin signs 149.14 psoriasis 35.12 exanthems 25.4–5 acne association 90.12 environmental factors 88.36 skin flora 112.3 eyes 109.36–8, 109.39–40, 109.40 deficiency 63.17–18 epidemiology 88.35 structure 112.2–4 fluorescence microscopy 25.5 vitamin B9 deficiency 63.18–19 facial hemiatrophy association 96.18 traumatic lesions 112.40–1 haemorrhagic fevers 25.5, 25.69–78 vitamin B12 genetics 88.36 ulcerative disorders 112.18–20 herpesvirus 25.15–41 acne association 90.12 hair pigmentary defect 89.71 causes 112.18 heterosexual men 31.24, 31.25 deficiency 63.19–20, 88.24, 145.18 halo naevi variants 112.3–4 high-power microscopy 3.33 aphthous ulceration 110.39 association 88.35, 88.37, 88.41 viral infections 112.27–9 HIV infection 31.22–5 deficiency glossitis 110.64 differential diagnosis 88.37, 88.42 vulval hyperaesthesia, post- human retroviruses 25.67–8, 25.69 folate deficiency differential HIV infection 31.12, 31.13 inflammatory 112.39 infants 117.6–7 diagnosis 63.19 hypochromic 88.37, 88.38 vulval intraepithelial neoplasia infective cheilitis 110.87 hyperpigmentation 149.18 immune responses 88.35–6 (VIN) 112.32–4, 142.25 insect-borne 25.74–8 iron deficiency differential investigations 88.39 basaloid 112.32 IRIS/IRD/IRAD 31.36 diagnosis 63.24 Koebner phenomenon 88.36, 123.2 extramammary Paget disease differential laboratory diagnosis 25.5 injections and sclerodermiform leprosy differential diagnosis 28.11 diagnosis 112.37 lichen striatus association 37.19 reactions 123.20 lichen planus 37.4 management 112.34 mixed cryoglobulinaemia 125.10 vitamin C association 37.13 pagetoid 112.32 mucous membrane pemphigoid antioxidant action 156.2 lichen sclerosus differential severity classification 112.33–4 differential diagnosis 50.29 pressure ulcer treatment 124.6 diagnosis 112.7 warty 112.32 myxovirus 25.84–6 vitamin C deficiency 63.20–2 management 88.39–40 vulval lymphangiectasia/lymphangioma, neonatal 116.21–3 clinical features 63.21–2 mixed 88.37 carbon dioxide laser oncogenic 146.7–8 epidemiology 63.21 occupational dyspigmentation ablation 23.18 oral cavity 110.92 investigations 63.22 differential diagnosis 130.12 vulval papillomatosis, genital wart oral mucosa disorders 110.7, 110.8 management 63.22 pathophysiology 88.35–6 differential diagnosis 25.57 oral ulceration 110.48–52 pathophysiology 63.21 piebaldism differential diagnosis 70.4 vulvitis circumscripta 112.12–13 parvovirus 25.66–7 vitamin D 18.23 pinta differential diagnosis 26.68 vulvodynia 84.8–9, 112.39–40 pathogenesis 25.2, 25.3–4 congenital ichthyoses 65.39 pityriasis alba differential vulvo-vaginal adenosis 112.42 patterns of cutaneous reaction 25.86–92 metabolism 18.24, 63.9 diagnosis 39.25 vulvo-vaginal-gingival syndrome 112.10

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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vulvovaginitis plantar 25.47, 25.48, 25.49 epidemiology 72.22 scabies mite identification 4.22 candidal 32.64–5 carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 genetics 72.23 Woolf syndrome 70.9, 70.10 streptococcal 26.33 differential diagnosis 25.50 investigations 72.23 woollen garments, sensory VZV immunoglobulin 31.23 prognosis 25.50–1 management 72.23, 79.3 irritation 129.10 psoriasis 25.50 mandibuloacral dysplasia differential woolly hair 68.19–20, 89.57 W regression 25.50 diagnosis 72.25 Carvajal syndrome 68.20, 89.57 Waardenburg syndrome 2.17, 70.4–5 systemic lupus erythematosus 25.62 neoplasms 147.13 naevus 89.57 classification 70.2 tar 130.14 pathophysiology 72.22–3, 79.1 Naxos disease 65.56, 68.6, 68.20, 89.57 piebaldism differential diagnosis 70.4 transplant recipients 25.63 premature hair greying 89.70 palmoplantar keratodermas 65.55–6 spinal dysraphism association 85.9 variants 25.49–50 Rothmund–Thomson syndrome Woringer–Kolopp disease 140.16–17 variants 70.4–5 viral differential diagnosis 77.6 wound care vitiligo differential diagnosis 88.38 black heel/palm differential skin ageing 2.47 burns 126.5–7, 126.10 Wade–Fite staining 3.10 diagnosis 123.10 wet wrap technique haemostasis for open wounds 20.44–5 Waldenström hypergammaglobulinaemic cutaneous horn differential atopic eczema 41.31 pressure ulcers 124.6–8 purpura 101.7–8 diagnosis 142.12 eczema treatment 39.6 wound(s), chronic 10.2 Waldenström macroglobulinaemia Hailey–Hailey disease differential WHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, abnormal healing 10.8–9, 10.10 circulating abnormal diagnosis 66.12 infections and myelokathexis) wound dressings immunoglobulins 148.5–6 laser therapy 23.10, 23.11 syndrome 82.16, 146.2, 148.17 burns 126.5–6 cryoglobulins 101.13 multiple minute digitate keratoses Whipple disease 152.4, 154.4–5 granulating wounds 20.23 malignant infiltration of skin 148.4–5 differential diagnosis 87.18 pigmentation 88.24 pressure ulcers 124.7 oral lesions 110.62 persistent infections 148.15 spondylarthropathy 154.4 surgical 20.11, 20.22–3 paraneoplastic pemphigus photodynamic therapy 22.7 whirlpool footbaths, Mycobacterium wound healing 10.1–13 association 50.6 porokeratosis differential fortuitum infection 27.43 abnormal 10.8–9 Walzel’s sign 152.6 diagnosis 87.21 white adipose tissue 74.1, 99.4 accelerated epithelial 10.10 war wounds 26.47 see also seborrhoeic keratosis adipocytes 99.3 acute 10.2 warble flies 34.10–11 warts, hypogammaglobulinaemia, white dermographism, atopic age 10.2 warfarin infections and myelokathexis eczema 41.14 age-related changes 10.2, 10.9–10 antiphospholipid syndrome (WHIM) syndrome 82.16, 146.2, white fibrous papulosis of the anchoring fibril function 2.27 treatment 52.3 148.17 neck 96.36–7 angiogenesis 10.6 drug eruptions 31.18 warts, immunodeficiency, lymphoedema white piedra 32.16–17 diabetic wounds 10.9 necrosis 101.18 and ano-genital dysplasia (WILD) white sponge naevus 31.33, 110.19–20 basement membrane 10.6 surgical bleeding complications 20.8 syndrome 105.27, 105.29 Whitfield’s ointment 18.12 biomaterials 10.12–13 warming, frostbite management 125.2–3 warty dyskeratoma 110.19, 133.5 whole exome sequencing 7.8–9 children 10.2 Warthin–Starry silver staining 3.10 WAS protein (WASP) 82.9 whole genome sequencing 7.8–9 chronic wounds 10.10 warts wasps 34.14–16, 34.15 Wickham’s striae, lichen planus 37.13–14, corticosteroid-associated oral 25.55, 110.62 stings 112.10 impairment 18.17 periungual 25.48, 25.49 clinical features 34.15–16 widow spiders 34.32–3 diabetic wounds 10.9 carbon dioxide laser ablation 23.18 management 34.16 Wiedemann–Rautenstrauch syndrome fetal 10.9–10 see also ano-genital warts pathophysiology 34.15 neonatal progeroid syndrome fibrin plug 10.2–3 warts, cutaneous 25.46–54 venom 34.15 differential diagnosis 72.26 fibroblast recruitment 10.7–8 basal cell carcinoma differential water progeria differential diagnosis 72.22 granulating wounds 20.23, diagnosis 141.10 evaporation from skin 2.8 WILD (warts, immunodeficiency, 20.24 butchers’ 25.46, 25.50 light absorption 23.4 lymphoedema and ano-genital granulation phase 10.1, 10.3 causative organisms 25.47 water-in-oil systems 18.7 dysplasia) syndrome 105.27, 105.29 granulation tissue 10.3, 10.7 clinical features 25.47–51 Waterlow scale for pressure ulcers 124.5 Willan, Robert 1.4, 1.5 growth factor augmentation 10.11 common 25.47–8 Watson syndrome 80.5, 80.7 Williams–Beuren syndrome 72.14–15 hyaluronan 2.40, 10.5 definition 25.46 wavelength, selective thermolysis 23.4–5 willingness to pay (WTP) 6.4 immune response 10.1, 10.2–3, 10.4 differential diagnosis 25.48–9 waxes, topical medication 18.7 Wilson disease 81.19 impairment digitate 25.49 waxy keratoses of childhood 65.71 Wimberger’s sign 29.30 corticosteroid-associated 18.17 discoid lupus erythematosus 51.4, 51.5 weals, urticaria 42.4, 47.7 Winchester syndrome 72.19 by microbial colonization 10.9 epidemiology 25.46 allergic 42.12 hyaline fibromatosis syndrome inflammatory exudate 10.10 epidermoid cysts 25.50 cholinergic 47.11–12 differential diagnosis 72.18 inflammatory phase 10.1, 10.2–3, 10.4 eyelids 109.36, 109.38 cold urticaria 47.11 hypertrichosis 89.61 low-power laser therapy 23.20 filiform 25.49, 25.50 definition 42.1 window film 127.13, 127.20, 127.23, 127.25 macrophage inhibitory factor role 8.22–3 growth in primary histology 42.6–7 Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome 82.9, 147.13, matrix synthesis 10.8 immunodeficiency 82.2 inducible 47.9 148.17 microRNA regulation 10.2 hand 25.46 morphology 42.2 bacterial infections 148.15 M-plasty 20.33 differential diagnosis 25.50 weaning, delayed 41.7 eczematous lesions 41.9 novel therapies 10.11–13 HIV infection 25.61–2, 31.24 Weary–Kindler syndrome see Kindler epidemiology 146.2 older people 10.2, 10.10 Hodgkin disease 25.62 syndrome oral lesions 110.16 physiological basis of treatment 10.10 huge hyperkeratotic 25.50 weathering nodule of ear 108.13, 108.15 witchcraft syndrome 86.26 reactive oxygen species production 8.44 human papillomavirus in HIV 31.24 chondrodermatitis nodularis differential Witkop–von Sallmann syndrome 67.9, re-epithelialization 10.1, 10.4–6, 10.10 iatrogenic transmission 25.46 diagnosis 108.9 110.18 remodelling phase 10.1 imiquimod therapy 18.27 Weber–Christian disease 99.8 tricho-dento-osseous syndrome retinoic acid therapy 18.22 incontinentia pigmenti differential Weber–Cockayne disease 123.9 differential diagnosis 67.19 scab formation 10.10 diagnosis 70.11 weeverfish stings 131.4 Wnt pathway scarring 10.7, 10.8 infectivity 25.47 Weibel–Palade bodies 2.42 ectodermal dysplasias 67.7 by secondary intention 10.10, 20.23 investigations 25.51 weight loss signalling 2.3, 2.4, 2.19 skin grafts 10.12–13 malignant change 25.51, 25.59 lymphoedema 105.57 WNT10A gene mutation 65.61 stages 10.1 management 18.13, 25.51–4, 25.53 systemic sclerosis 56.13 Wnt10b 2.4 surgical 20.23, 20.24 photodynamic therapy 22.7 Weil disease 26.71 Wnt/β-catenin pathway, hair follicle stem sutures 10.10 topical bleomycin 18.26 Wells syndrome 47.10 cell activity regulation 89.8 see also flaps, surgical; skin grafts topical sensitizers 18.30 recurrent cutaneous necrotizing Wolbachia endobacteria 109.42 wound infections multiple minute digitate keratoses eosinophilic vasculitis differential Wolff–Chaikoff effect, potassium iodide- Acinetobacter 26.50 differential diagnosis 87.18 diagnosis 102.11 induced 19.28 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection 26.52 nomenclature 25.46 Werner syndrome 72.22–3, 79.1, 79.2, 79.3 women surgical 20.6, 20.11 pathophysiology 25.46–7 basal cell carcinoma 141.5 apocrine miliaria 94.17–18 wound proteases 10.2 phobias 86.20 calcification 61.4 hirsutism 89.64–8 wound swabs, pressure ulcers 124.7–8 photodynamic therapy 22.7 clinical features 72.21, 72.23, 79.1, 79.3 HIV infection 31.34 wrinkles, glyphic 96.2 pigmented 25.50 Cockayne syndrome differential wood allergy 128.54–5, 128.56–7, 128.58 wrinkling 96.2, 155.1, 155.2, 155.9 plane 25.47, 25.48–9 diagnosis 78.9 timbers causing 128.56–7 chemical peels 159.5 confluent and reticulated papillomatosis coronary artery disease 150.5 wood dust 128.18 filler use 157.1–2 differential diagnosis 87.7 definition 72.22 Wood’s light 4.19–20 pathophysiology 155.5–6 molluscum contagiosum differential diabetes associations 64.4 erythrasma diagnosis 26.39, 26.40–1 smoking effects 155.2–3 diagnosis 25.13 differential diagnosis 72.23 fungal infections 32.6–7 WRN gene mutations 72.22, 72.23

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Wucheria bancrofti 33.7, 105.42, 105.44 classification 78.1 syphilis 29.14 liver disease association 152.9 life cycle 33.8 clinical features 78.2–6 tropical ulcer differential management 63.26–7 clinical variants 78.6 diagnosis 26.66 pathophysiology 63.25 X Cockayne syndrome differential years lost to disability (YLD) 5.6–7 zinc gluconate, hidradenitis suppurativa X chromosome 7.2, 7.4 diagnosis 78.9 yeasts 32.2, 32.3, 32.3 management 92.10 xanthelasmas 62.4 definition 78.1 isolate identification 32.10 zinc oxide 18.8 cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis 62.10 DNA repair failure 9.6 see also Candida; other named organisms UV light blocking 18.30–1 chronic cholestasis 62.4, 62.11 epidemiology 78.2 yellow fever 25.73 zinc pyrithione 18.12 carbon dioxide laser therapy 23.18 freckles 88.16 yellow-nail syndrome 31.32–3, 95.14–15, zinc supplementation, pressure ulcer coronary artery disease 150.5 inheritance 147.8 105.33–4 treatment 124.6 eyelid 109.47 internal malignancy association 147.8 clinical features 105.33–4 zinc therapy xanthogranuloma investigations 78.6–7 definition 105.33 oral for papulopustular acne necrobiotic 136.21–2 lip lesions 110.26 epidemiology 105.33 treatment 90.44 plane xanthoma differential management 78.7 investigations 105.34 wart treatment 25.54 diagnosis 62.5 ocular neoplasms 147.8 lichen planus differential Zinsser–Engman–Cole syndrome see see also juvenile xanthogranuloma pathophysiology 78.2 diagnosis 37.12 dyskeratosis congenita xanthoma(s) 62.2–6 Rothmund–Thomson syndrome lymphoedema 95.15 Ziprkowski–Margolis syndrome 70.9, 70.10 coronary artery disease 150.5 differential diagnosis 77.6 lymphoedema–distichiasis syndrome ZMPSTE24 gene mutations 72.20, 72.24, deep, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma trichothiodystrophy differential association 73.18, 73.19 72.25 differential diagnosis 99.17 diagnosis 78.11 management 105.34 Zollinger–Ellison syndrome 147.10 dyslipidaemic plane 62.4–6 variant XP-V 78.6 onychomycosis differential Zoon balanitis 110.88, 111.7, 111.12–13 eruptive 62.3–4 xeroderma pigmentosum/Cockayne diagnosis 31.26 ano-genital psoriasis differential diabetes 64.3 syndrome complex 78.6 pathophysiology 105.33 diagnosis 111.9 hyperlipoproteinaemia type I 62.9 xeroderma pigmentosum/ respiratory disorder association 151.6 lichen sclerosus differential histiocytic disorders 62.2 trichothiodystrophy (XP/TTD) Yersinia enterocolitica 26.57, 26.58 diagnosis 111.14 lipid metabolism disorders 62.2 syndrome 78.6, 78.11 Yersinia pestis 26.57–8, 34.12 Zoon vulvitis 112.12–13 normolipaemic 148.9 xerosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Far East zoonoses palmar 62.5–6, 62.8 cutis 87.25–7 scarlet-like fever 26.36 brucellosis 26.58–9 primary biliary cirrhosis 152.5 HIV infection 31.12 young adults, molluscum glanders 26.53–4 plane 62.5 HTLV-1 association 140.36 contagiosum 25.12 Oroya fever 26.62 primary biliary cirrhosis 152.5 renal failure 153.3 plague 26.57–8 tendon 62.2–3, 62.6 skin barrier function effects 155.9 Z psittacosis 26.76 cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis 62.10 X-linked agammaglobulinaemia 82.12–13, zidovudine 31.9 zoster immune globulin (ZIG) 25.26 sitosterolaemia 62.10 148.17 nail colouration 95.14 zoster infection 25.23, 25.27–30, 25.30 tubero-eruptive 62.3 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein psoriasis therapy 31.16 brucellosis differential diagnosis 26.59 tuberous 62.3, 62.8 (XIAP) defects 82.11 Ziehl–Neelsen staining 3.10 clinical features 25.28–9 primary biliary cirrhosis 152.5 X-linked lymphoproliferative zileuton, Sjögren–Larsson syndrome complications/co-morbidities 25.29 sitosterolaemia 62.10 diseases 82.10–11 treatment 65.30 definition 25.27 xanthoma disseminatum 136.17–18 X-linked lymphoproliferative Zimmermann–Laband syndrome, epidemiology 25.27 cutaneous 136.18 syndrome 136.10 macrotia 108.5 nomenclature 25.27 malignancy association 147.22 X-linked skin disease, linear zinc deficiency 63.6, 63.25–7 pathophysiology 25.27 systemic 136.18 manifestations 75.19 acquired 63.25, 81.17, 81.18 presentation 25.28 xanthomatosis X-ray examination, nails 95.46–8 telogen effluvium 89.25, 89.26 prevention 25.30 diffuse plane 136.18, 136.19 XXXXY syndrome 76.4 acrodermatitis 71.24 recurrent 25.30 plane xanthoma differential XXYY syndrome 76.4 acrodermatitis enteropathica 81.18, 110.16 treatment ladder 25.31 diagnosis 62.5 XYY syndrome 76.4 angular cheilitis 71.24 variants 25.28–9 lipoid proteinosis differential biotin deficiency differential Z-plasty 20.33, 20.34 diagnosis 72.33 Y diagnosis 63.23 zygomatic deformities 110.5 xenon (Xe) arc, UVR source 9.3 Y chromosome 7.2, 7.4 clinical features 63.26 zygomycosis Xenopsylla cheopis 34.12 yaws 26.66, 26.67–8, 111.23 epidemiology 63.25 genital 111.24 xeroderma pigmentosum 78.1–7 onchocerciasis differential genital erythema 111.19 panniculitis 99.58 basal cell carcinoma 141.4 diagnosis 33.5 investigations 63.26 Zygomycota see Glomeromycota

Volume 1, pp. 1.1–34.57; Volume 2, pp. 35.1–86.40; Volume 3, pp. 87.1–117.25; Volume 4, pp. 118.1–160.12

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