insects Article Insight into the Phylogenetic Relationships among Three Subfamilies within Heptageniidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) along with Low-Temperature Selection Pressure Analyses Using Mitogenomes Xiao-Dong Xu 1,† , Jia-Yin Guan 1,†, Zi-Yi Zhang 1 , Yu-Rou Cao 1, Yin-Yin Cai 1, Kenneth B. Storey 2 , Dan-Na Yu 1,3,* and Jia-Yong Zhang 1,3,* 1 College of Chemistry and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;
[email protected] (X.-D.X.);
[email protected] (J.-Y.G.);
[email protected] (Z.-Y.Z.);
[email protected] (Y.-R.C.);
[email protected] (Y.-Y.C.) 2 Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
[email protected] 3 Key Lab of Wildlife Biotechnology, Conservation and Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China * Correspondence:
[email protected] (D.-N.Y.);
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[email protected] (J.-Y.Z.) † These authors contributed to the work equally and should be regarded as co-first authors. Simple Summary: The Ephemeroptera is an ancient lineage of insects, among which the Hepta- geniidae is one of the most species-rich families, although its phylogenetic relationships have been Citation: Xu, X.-D.; Guan, J.-Y.; controversial. The mitogenomes of Heptageniidae were found gene rearrangements of CR-I-M-Q- Zhang, Z.-Y.; Cao, Y.-R.; Cai, Y.-Y.; M-ND2 and a conserved intergenic gap between trnA and trnR. Thus, 15 complete and two nearly Storey, K.B.; Yu, D.-N.; Zhang, J.-Y. complete mitogenomes of Heptageniidae were used to explore mitogenome structures and clarify Insight into the Phylogenetic the disputes of phylogenetic relationships among Heptageniidae.