Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in + performed miracles Around National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - The World Thursday 26th March – Wales Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Around The World Thursday 26th March – Wales Science + Exploration! Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Rural Wales … • Look at these images from areas of Wales. What can you identify about the landscape? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles • National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Keep Your Score Capital - Cardiff • Right answer = 5 points • Wrong answer = lose 5 points • Identify correct country – Mountains • Extra 10 points! • Below are a list of names of mountains. Can you identify which of these are found in Wales? Mt Everest Lhotse Kilimanjaro Carnedd Dafydd Mont Blanc Pen y Fan Toubkal Penygader Aconcagua Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) • Keep Your Score Capital - Cardiff • Right answer = 5 points • Wrong answer = lose 5 points • Identify correct country – Mountains • Extra 10 points! • Below are a list of names of mountains. Can you identify which of these are found in Wales? Wales Mt Everest – border of Nepal + Penygader What order China Kilimanjaro – Tanzania, East Africa Carnedd Dafydd would you place these Mont Blanc – Alps – border Tryfan mountains between France + Italy Snowdon from Aconcagua- Argentina Pen y Fan Highest to Lhotse – border of Nepal + China Crib Goch Smallest? Toubkal – Morocco Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Heights – can you put these in the right order to find out? Mountain Height Snowdon 1,085m Tryfan 918m Pen y Fan 886m Penygader 893m Crib Goch 923m Carnedd Dafydd 1,044m Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff The Scientific Study of mountains….

• The name given to this is Orology.

• Mountains are most often formed by movement of the tectonic plates in the Earth's crust. Great mountain ranges like the Himalayas often form along the boundaries of these plates. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Different types of mountain – Take notes on each

• Fold mountains - Fold mountains are formed when two plates run into each other or collide. The force of the two plates running into each other causes the Earth's crust to crumple and fold. Many of the world's great mountain ranges are fold mountains including the Andes, Himalayas, and the Rockies. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Different types of mountain – Take notes on each

• Fault-block mountains - Fault-block mountains are formed along faults where some large blocks of rock are forced upwards while others are forced down. The higher area is sometimes called a "horst" and the lower a "graben" (see the picture below). The Sierra Nevada Mountains in the western United States are fault-block mountains. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Different types of mountain – Take notes on each

• Volcanic mountains - Mountains that are caused by volcanic activity are called volcanic mountains. There are two main types of volcanic mountains: volcanoes and dome mountains. Volcanoes are formed when magma erupts all the way to the surface of the Earth. The magma will harden on the Earth's surface, forming a mountain. Dome mountains are formed when a large amount of magma builds up below the Earth's surface. This forces the rock above the magma to bulge out, forming a mountain. Examples of volcanic mountains include Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Mauna Loa in Hawaii. This is the type of mountains we have seen in terms of how they were formed…. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff More information

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaaWoqlv9no Watch this Video to see what other points you can learn about mountains…. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Can you match up these key terms? • Arete • A narrow ridge formed when two glaciers erode opposite sides of a mountain. • Cirque • A long narrow top of a mountain or series of mountains. • Crag • The side of a mountain that is very steep. • Face • A bowl shaped depression formed by the head of a glacier usually at the foot of a mountain. • Glacier • A mass of rock that projects outward from a rock face or cliff. • Leeward side • The leeward side of a mountain is opposite the windward side. It is • Horn protected from the wind and rain by the mountain. • A horn is a sharp peak formed from multiple glaciers. • Moraine • A collection of rocks and dirt left behind by glaciers. • Pass • A valley or path between mountains. • Peak • The side of a mountain. • Ridge • The highest point of a mountain. • Slope • A mountain glacier is formed by compacted snow into ice. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Answers

• Arete - A narrow ridge formed when two glaciers erode opposite sides of a mountain. • Cirque - A bowl shaped depression formed by the head of a glacier usually at the foot of a mountain. • Crag - A mass of rock that projects outward from a rock face or cliff. • Face - The side of a mountain that is very steep. • Glacier - A mountain glacier is formed by compacted snow into ice. • Leeward side - The leeward side of a mountain is opposite the windward side. It is protected from the wind and rain by the mountain. • Horn - A horn is a sharp peak formed from multiple glaciers. • Moraine - A collection of rocks and dirt left behind by glaciers. • Pass - A valley or path between mountains. • Peak - The highest point of a mountain. • Ridge - A long narrow top of a mountain or series of mountains. • Slope - The side of a mountain. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Last task…

• We have looked briefly at the landscape of Wales and how it links to the study of mountains. • What are 5 key facts which you remember from this? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Around The World Thursday 26th March – Wales Literacy / English! Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Being Descriptive!

• What do we know are some of the key features which we need in order to be descriptive?

• Today, we are going to look at 2 descriptive tasks • 1 – Based on our mountain information • 2 – Based on the dragon of Wales Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Using our picture

• Pictures are used to help inspire us to write great descriptive pieces. This is the picture you are going to be using today……. Using this as your starting point, what features from this are you going to be able to include in your piece?

Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Some ideas……

• Serrated mountain peaks • Group leader • Snow capped mountains • Brown grass • Clouds / mist • Rocks • Team of mountain climbers • Terrain • Backpacks • Sunlight filters though the • Clothing colours cloud / mist • Trail poles Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Taking this further….. The Fan Dance

• The Pen y Fan mountain is well known for one of the gruelling training regimes within the army – this is known by many as ‘The Fan Dance’.

• Watch this video of these recruits battling through this arduous exercise • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bkg5Cr2_F18 Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Use this online tool to help Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles expand your vocabulary and National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) come up with other options…. Capital - Cardiff https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english- Climbing The Mountain…. thesaurus

• Using both of these sources, think about these aspects…….

What other What emotions What emotions words could you would the would the use for ‘heavy’ climbers climbers to describe what experience on experience at they are the way up the carrying? the top of mountain? mountain? How else could you describe their movements to show they are tired? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Read this National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) example – pick Capital - Cardiff out 3 parts of it which you think Putting this together are effective……

Vast, dominant and alive. The mountains towered above. Laden down with supplies, the climbers set out in a line like ants gathering food. The mist and clouds gathered around to watch the challenge. The sunlight shone down to guide the way. The sun watched on, blazing, beaming. The mountains were shrouded in a ghost-white mist highlighted only by its beams. It lit the mountains serrated edges, highlighting its glory to the climbers. It made it stick up like a row of thorns. Tall. Magnificent. The air was chilling and numbing. The sun watched the climbers approaching the leg of the mountain. Smiling, it saw the steep incline greet them. The climbers faces focused on the big challenge ahead. They panted. Easily. For now… The sun could hear their trail poles stabbing the resilient terrain, killing its colour instantly. Their commitment was evident. Not one faltered. They were like animals on the hunt. The sun watched on… Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles What are you National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) going to do to Capital - Cardiff make this interesting and Your task….. creative?

• You are now going to use this material to write your own creative piece based on a mountain. • You could be a climber or in the army. • You could be at different points of the climb. • Do you have to be a person or could you be the voice of the mountain?

•Over to you! Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff The Welsh Dragon

• Why do you think there is a dragon included on the Welsh flag? • What might this SYMBOLISE or REPRESENT? It was used by Henry VII at the Battle of Y Ddraig Goch ("The Red Bosworth in 1485, after which it was carried Dragon") in state to St Paul's Cathedral. The red The dragon is also known as dragon was then included as a supporter of Dewi, Welsh for David, the name the Tudor royal arms to signify their Welsh of the saint. descent. It was officially recognised as the Welsh national flag in 1959. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff The Story of the Dragons…..

• Listen to this story about the legend behind the Red Dragon….. • https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=j2OKzuPicjs Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March How many of these Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles different forms of National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff punctuation can you include? Your Task… • Can you re-write the battle between the two dragons?

• Think about • How you will describe the cold • How you will describe the fire • How you are going to describe the battle between them? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Last task….

• Read back over your piece.

• Have you used some form of punctuation every 2 lines? • Go through and circle the different forms of punctuation you have used – count how many different ones you have included! Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Around The World Thursday 26th March – Wales Numeracy / Maths! Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Wales is famous for the incredible mountain range

However this can often include lots of maths….. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff

There are many MASS CENTIMETRE LITRE different ways we CAPACITY MILLIMETRE MILLILITRE (ml) are able to (mm) measure. Can you LENGTH METRE KILOGRAM sort the correct measures into DISTANCE KILOMETRE GRAM the correct PINT INCH FEET category? OUNCE POUND STONE GALLON MILE TONNE Patron St – St David st National Day – 1 March This includes both Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Imperial National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) + Capital - Cardiff Metric Measures! Measurements Answers …..

MASS CAPACITY LENGTH DISTANCE OUNCE MILLILITRE (ml) MILLIMETRE (mm) KILOMETRE POUND LITRE CENTIMETRE STONE METRE MILES PINT GRAM GALLON INCH KILOGRAM FEET TONNE Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff

Can you define…

Mass

Capacity

Length

Distance Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Can you define…

Mass is another word for weight. Mass means the amount of matter in an object.

Capacity is the amount a container can hold.

Length and distance both refer to the space between point A and point B. However we use measures accordingly. We wouldn’t measure between Cardiff and Swansea in millimetres! Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Conversion Charts Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Problem Solving

1 Eoghan Hughes is going camping. His rucksack holds 5kg. How many different combinations of items can he fit in his rucksack?

1500g 0.2kg apples 0.9kg cookies 3kg pasta 2100g tinned chocolate soup 0.5kg eggs 2500g sausages 1000g Pot 800g bananas 3000g bacon noodles 4kg water 2kg Cereal bars 500g rice 2.4kg pears 600g cereal Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Problem Solving 2 If Eoghan’s rucksack is 300cm tall, how many metres tall is it?

How many millimetres tall is it? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Problem Solving National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff 3 4 people on the camping trip bring bottles of water. Here are the four masses: Write the masses in order, starting with the lightest. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Problem Solving 4

A box contains 2.6kg of porridge. Jack uses 65 grams for every bowl of porridge. How many bowls of porridge can he make?

Bob is cooking some pasta. He needs 350 grams for 4 people. How many KILOGRAMS does he need for all 12 people in his camping party? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Problem Solving National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff 5

Dave has brought a portable kettle on the trip. It holds 2 litres of water. How many millilitres are equal to one cup?

How many millilitres are equal to half a cup? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Problem Solving National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff 6

Before taking the journey, Megan buys 700 grams of apples. 1kg of apples costs £6.00. How much does she pay?

1kg of cheese costs £20.00. Megan buys a piece of cheese costing £8.00. What is the mass of the cheese to the nearest 100 grams? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff

5 miles ≈ 8 km

What is that sign?! Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Beacon Brecons is a famous mountain range in Wales. Did you know the SAS often run up and down it to train with heavy rucksacks?

If one day they ran 32km, how many miles would they have run?

If the next day they ran, 15 miles, how many kilometres would they have run?

How much would they have run altogether? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Around The World Thursday 26th March – Wales Creative Art! Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Singing in Wales

• Singing and reciting poetry (sometimes to music, when it is known as cerdd dant in Welsh) was often part of this and still plays a prominent role. It is likely these traditions were also influenced by the lyrical nature of the Welsh language. • Can you think of any famous singers from Wales….. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Famous Welsh Singers

Tom Jones Duffy

Charlotte Church Aled Jones

Katherine Jenkins Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff The Welsh Rugby Team

• Watch as the Welsh Ruby Team proudly lead the stadium in their National Anthem … • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwdZOHm8r-Y

• What else do you know about the Wales Rugby Team? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff The Welsh Rugby Team

• Since 2005, Wales have won five Six Nations titles, • Includes - four Grand Slams, and finished fourth at both the 2011 Rugby World Cup and 2019 Rugby World Cup. • They also won 14 consecutive matches between March 2018 and March 2019, and reached number 1 in the World Rugby Rankings for the first time in August 2019. • Eight former Welsh players have been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame; 10 were inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff The Stadium • The , known since 2016 as the Principality Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is the national stadium of Wales. • Located in Cardiff, it is the home of the Wales national rugby union team and has also held Wales national football team games. • Initially built to host the 1999 Rugby World Cup, it has gone on to host many other large-scale events, such as the Tsunami Relief Cardiff concert, the Super Special Stage of Wales Rally Great Britain, the Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain and various concerts. • It also hosted six FA Cup finals and several other high-profile football fixtures while Wembley Stadium was being redeveloped. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff The Stadium

Follow this virtual tour…. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=EbDRZiskIj8 Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Your Task – Redesign…..

• You have been given an unlimited site to completely redesign both the stadium and logo. • Your only direction is that it MUST reflect key aspects of Wales – how can you bring in features of what you have learned today…..

• Everything must change from the shape of the stadium to the layout inside …… Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) Capital - Cardiff Behind the scenes…

• Make a list of all the features that you think will need to be included within the stadium – what essentials MUST be there?

• Think about your practicalities – where should these go logically? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Remember, National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) think about how Capital - Cardiff you are going to include aspects Starting on the outside… of the Welsh culture….? • Think about how you would design the shell of the stadium and what this is going to look like….. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Remember, think National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) about how you are Capital - Cardiff going to include aspects of the Welsh Moving to the inside ….. culture….?

• Now you have the shell of the stadium complete, how are you going to design the inside? • You could do this in whatever form of drawing you wish – remember the behind the scenes essentials……. Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Remember, think National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) about how you are Capital - Cardiff going to include aspects of the Welsh Your new logo culture….?

• Based on your stadium design, how are you now going to change the logo to match? Patron St – St David National Day – 1st March Celebrated for – Founded a monastery in Wales + performed miracles Remember, think National Emblem – Leek (+ daffodil) about how you are Capital - Cardiff going to include aspects of the Welsh Last task culture….?

• You now need to put together your written report to submit along with your designs. • What decisions have you made? Could you also start to think about the • Why have you made these? materials which you • How have you linked this to the culture? would need?

What costings do you think this will all involve?