Of Words 221
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Geographical Names and Sustainable Tourism
No. 59 NOVEMBERNo. 59 NOVEMBER 2020 2020 Geographical Names and Sustainable Tourism Socio- Institutional cultural Sustainable Tourism Economic Environmental Table of Contents The Information Bulletin of the United Nations MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIRPERSON ............................................... 3 Group of Experts on Geographical Names (formerly Reconsidérer notre mobilité ......................................................... 3 UNGEGN Newsletter) is issued twice a year by the Secretariat of the Group of Experts. The Secretariat Reconsider our mobility ............................................................... 4 is served by the Statistics Division (UNSD), MESSAGE FROM THE SECRETARIAT ................................................. 5 Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Secretariat of the United Nations. Contributions “Geographical names and sustainable tourism ............................ 5 and reports received from the Experts of the Group, IN MEMORIAM ................................................................................ 7 its Linguistic/Geographical Divisions and its Working Groups are reviewed and edited jointly by the Danutė Janė Mardosienė (1947-2020) ........................................ 7 Secretariat and the UNGEGN Working Group on SPECIAL FEATURE: GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES AND SUSTAINABLE Publicity and Funding. Contributions for the TOURISM ......................................................................................... 9 Information Bulletin can only be considered when they are made -
Exonyms – Standards Or from the Secretariat Message from the Secretariat 4
NO. 50 JUNE 2016 In this issue Preface Message from the Chairperson 3 Exonyms – standards or From the Secretariat Message from the Secretariat 4 Special Feature – Exonyms – standards standardization? or standardization? What are the benefits of discerning 5-6 between endonym and exonym and what does this divide mean Use of Exonyms in National 6-7 Exonyms/Endonyms Standardization of Geographical Names in Ukraine Dealing with Exonyms in Croatia 8-9 History of Exonyms in Madagascar 9-11 Are there endonyms, exonyms or both? 12-15 The need for standardization Exonyms, Standards and 15-18 Standardization: New Directions Practice of Exonyms use in Egypt 19-24 Dealing with Exonyms in Slovenia 25-29 Exonyms Used for Country Names in the 29 Repubic of Korea Botswana – Exonyms – standards or 30 standardization? From the Divisions East Central and South-East Europe 32 Division Portuguese-speaking Division 33 From the Working Groups WG on Exonyms 31 WG on Evaluation and Implementation 34 From the Countries Burkina Faso 34-37 Brazil 38 Canada 38-42 Republic of Korea 42 Indonesia 43 Islamic Republic of Iran 44 Saudi Arabia 45-46 Sri Lanka 46-48 State of Palestine 48-50 Training and Eucation International Consortium of Universities 51 for Training in Geographical Names established Upcoming Meetings 52 UNGEGN Information Bulletin No. 50 June 2106 Page 1 UNGEGN Information Bulletin The Information Bulletin of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names (formerly UNGEGN Newsletter) is issued twice a year by the Secretariat of the Group of Experts. The Secretariat is served by the Statistics Division (UNSD), Department for Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), Secretariat of the United Nations. -
Latvia Toponymic Factfile
TOPONYMIC FACT FILE Latvia Country name Latvia State title Republic of Latvia Name of citizen Latvian Official language Latvian (lv) Country name in official language Latvija State title in official language Latvijas Republika Script Roman n/a. Latvian uses the Roman alphabet with three Romanization System diacritics (see page 3). ISO-3166 country code (alpha-2/alpha-3) LV / LVA Capital (English conventional) Riga1 Capital in official language Rīga Population 1.88 million2 Introduction Latvia is the central of the three Baltic States3 in north-eastern Europe on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. It has existed as an independent state c.1918 to 1940 and again since 1990. In size it is similar to Sri Lanka or Sierra Leone. Latvia is approximately 1% smaller than neighbouring Lithuania, but has only two-thirds the population, estimated at 1.88 million in 20202. The population has been falling steadily since a high of 2,660,000 in 1989 source: Eurostat). Geographical names policy Latvian is written in Roman script. PCGN recommends using place names as found on official Latvian-language sources, retaining all diacritical marks. Latvian generic terms frequently appear with lower-case initial letters, and PCGN recommends reflecting this style. Allocation and recording of geographical names in Latvia are the responsibility of the Latvia Geospatial Information Agency (Latvian: Latvijas Ģeotelpiskās informācijas aģentūra – LGIA) which is part of the Ministry of Defence (Aizsardzības ministrija). The geographical names database on the LGIA website: http://map.lgia.gov.lv/index.php?lang=2&cPath=3&txt_id=24 is a useful official source for names. -
Words in a Text
Cross-lingual geo-parsing for non-structured data Judith Gelernter Wei Zhang Language Technologies Institute Language Technologies Institute School of Computer Science School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT to cross-language geo-information retrieval. We will examine A geo-parser automatically identifies location words in a text. We Strötgen’s view that normalized location information is language- have generated a geo-parser specifically to find locations in independent [16]. Difficulties in cross-language experiments are unstructured Spanish text. Our novel geo-parser architecture exacerbated when the languages use different alphabets, and when combines the results of four parsers: a lexico-semantic Named the focus is on proper names, as in this case, the names of Location Parser, a rules-based building parser, a rules-based street locations. parser, and a trained Named Entity Parser. Each parser has Geo-parsing structured versus unstructured text requires different different strengths: the Named Location Parser is strong in recall, language processing tools. Twitter messages are challenging to and the Named Entity Parser is strong in precision, and building geo-parse because of their non-grammaticality. To handle non- and street parser finds buildings and streets that the others are not grammatical forms, we use a Twitter tokenizer rather than a word designed to do. To test our Spanish geo-parser performance, we tokenizer. We use an English part of speech tagger created for compared the output of Spanish text through our Spanish geo- tweets, which was not available to us in Spanish. -
Catch.22.Pdf
CATCH-22 JOSEPH HELLER Copyright (c) Joseph Heller, 1955, 1961 The island of Pianosa lies in the Mediterranean Sea eight miles south of Elba. It is very small and obviously could not accommodate all of the actions described. Like the setting of this novel, the characters, too, are fictitious. TO MY MOTHER AND TO SHIRLEY, AND MY CHILDREN, ERICA AND TED CONTENTS: CHAPTER 1 - THE TEXAN CHAPTER 2 - CLEVINGER CHAPTER 3 - HAVERMEYER CHAPTER 4 - DOC DANEEKA CHAPTER 5 - CHIEF WHITE HALFOAT CHAPTER 6 - HUNGRY JOE CHAPTER 7 - McWATT CHAPTER 8 - LIEUTENANT SCHEISSKOPF CHAPTER 9 - MAJOR MAJOR MAJOR MAJOR CHAPTER 10 - WINTERGREEN CHAPTER 11 - CAPTAIN BLACK CHAPTER 12 - BOLOGNA CHAPTER 13 - MAJOR - DE COVERLEY CHAPTER 14 - KID SAMPSON CHAPTER 15 - PILTCHARD & WREN CHAPTER 16 - LUCIANA CHAPTER 17 - THE SOLDIER IN WHITE CHAPTER 18 - THE SOLDIER WHO SAW EVERYTHING TWICE CHAPTER 19 - COLONEL CATHCART CHAPTER 20 - CORPORAL WHITCOMB CHAPTER 21 - GENERAL DREEDLE CHAPTER 22 - MILO THE MAYOR CHAPTER 23 - NATELY'S OLD MAN CHAPTER 24 - MILO CHAPTER 25 - THE CHAPLAIN CHAPTER 26 - AARFY CHAPTER 27 - NURSE DUCKETT CHAPTER 28 - DOBBS CHAPTER 29 - PECKEM CHAPTER 30 - DUNBAR CHAPTER 31 - MRS. DANEEKA CHAPTER 32 - YO-YO'S ROOMIES CHAPTER 33 - NATELY'S WHORE CHAPTER 34 - THANKSGIVING CHAPTER 35 - MILO THE MILITANT CHAPTER 36 - THE CELLAR CHAPTER 37 - GENERAL SCHEISSKOPF CHAPTER 38 - KID SISTER CHAPTER 39 - THE ETERNAL CITY CHAPTER 40 - CATCH-22 CHAPTER 41 - SNOWDEN CHAPTER 42 - YOSSARIAN APPENDIX CHAPTER 1 - THE TEXAN It was love at first sight. The first time Yossarian saw the chaplain he fell madly in love with him. Yossarian was in the hospital with a pain in his liver that fell just short of being jaundice. -
Catch-22, Joseph Heller Was Working in New York City in Advertising, Serving Three Large Publi- Cations from 1952 to 1961
W Brett Wiley Cathcart and the Magazine hile writing Catch-22, Joseph Heller was working in New York City in advertising, serving three large publi- cations from 1952 to 1961. In 1952, he began working for TimeW, until 1956 when he became the advertising man- ager for Look. In 1958, he was hired as the promotion manager at McCall’s,a position he held until the release of the novel in 1961. He had an insider’s view of the magazine business and was familiar with the coverage, the adver- tisements, and the layout. The copywriter turned novelist had also published five stories in the Atlantic Monthly, Story, and Esquire by the time he began working in the industry.1 While writing the novel, Heller would spend two hours every night working on the manuscript after working a full day at the office.2 His employment at Time, Look, and McCall’s appeared to be simply the backdrop for the writing of his first book. However, because he formulated the initial plans for the book during his employment at three magazines, the inclusion of a periodical in the novel was significant. Joseph Heller’s incorporation of a magazine was designed to display the ambitiousness of Colonel Cathcart and likewise the aspiration of American society. For Heller, ambition was the defining characteristic of Yossarian’s superior. According to James Nagel in “The Catch-22 Note Cards,” when the author first planned the section on the colonel his notes began with item one, “Cathcart’s background and ambition.” The colonel was obsessed with aspiring and achieving the rank of general, the highest level of command in the military.3 Nagel also explained that a fourth item on the same card of notations, “Tries to have Chaplain say prayer at briefing,” related “log- ically to Cathcart’s ambition.”4 In the book, the novelist connected his idea to have the chaplain say prayers before briefings to coverage of such an event that Cathcart discovered in The Saturday Evening Post. -
Describe Catch 22 As Doc Daneeka Explains It
Catch 22 Question Answers Describe Catch 22 as Doc Daneeka explains it. § It is a doctor’s duty to ground anyone who’s crazy. § BUT the doc cannot ground any pilot for reasons of insanity unless the pilot first asks him. § YET if a pilot asks to be grounded because he’s crazy, then he must be sane. Who doesn’t want to fight? § A soldier who doesn’t want to fight is sane (it’s impossible to want to fight). § Therefore, it’s impossible for a soldier to be excused from battle on the grounds of insanity. Describe the growth and expansion of M & M Enterprises. § This brainchild of Milo’s grows from a small operation into an international syndicate. § Within two weeks, Milo convinces Major de Coverley to name him mess officer and put squadron planes at his disposal for transactions and acquisitions. Milo’s ambition § As milo tries to get the best food for his mess hall and as he makes the best deals for the highest profit, his operations expand beyond the local level. § His operation becomes large enough to be considered a syndicate in which everyone supposedly has a share. Syndicate’s Success § Milo’s planes are everywhere. § Milo makes big deals all over the world. § Milo’s status at the head of the syndicate earns him respect-even fame- wherever he goes. § Mayor of Palermo § Assistant governor-general of Malta § Vice-shah of Oran § Caliph of Baghdad § Sheik of Araby Explain the significance of the character’s names. Yossarian § Colonel Cathcart’s reaction to the name suggests the trouble and rebellion we see in the character. -
Hungarian Geographical Bulletin 68 (2019) (1) 93–101
DOI: 10.15201/hungeobull.68.1.7Book review section – HungarianHungarian Geographical Geographical Bulletin Bulletin 68 (2019) 68 2019 (1) (1) 93–101. 93 BOOK REVIEW SECTION Kocsis, K., Gercsák, G., Horváth, G., Keresztesi, Z. and Nemerkényi, Z. (eds.): National Atlas of Hungary Vol. 2: Natural Environment. Budapest, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Geographical Institute. 2018. 183 p. The current volume is Part 2 of the new “National advisory committee, and István Klinghammer, an Atlas of Hungary”, and the first volume that has been outstanding representative of Hungarian cartogra- published out of the four volumes, for Part 1 (The phy, as honorary president of the editorial board. Hungarian State and Its Place in the World) will arrive The current four volume project constitutes the later. Part 3 (Society) comes next, very likely in 2019, third generation of national atlases in Hungary af- and Part 4 (Economy) is also to be published soon, ter the first such work in 1967, edited by Sándor before Part 1. A digital version will accompany the Radó, and the second atlas in 1989, which was ed- hardcopy of each volume, which will be distributed ited by Márton Pécsi and was later complemented in two editions, Hungarian and English. by additional maps. Actually, one can also consider The list of editors and authors reads like a ‘Who is it the fourth generation if counting András Rónai’s who?’ in Hungarian geography and cartography. At “Atlas of Central-Europe” from 1945 as a national the top is Károly Kocsis, director of the Geographical atlas. -
Language and Place Names in National and Regional Atlases. Methodological Considerations and Practical Use Exemplified by New Atlases from the Eastern Part of Europe
LANGUAGE AND PLACE NAMES IN NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ATLASES. METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND PRACTICAL USE EXEMPLIFIED BY NEW ATLASES FROM THE EASTERN PART OF EUROPE Peter Jordan Austrian Institute of East and Southeast European Studies, Vienna Abstract National and regional atlases are mainly conceived for national use, but as map works with a representative function they address, in contrast to school atlases, also an international audience. Taking this into account, many of them use for titles, legends and explanatory texts not only the national language, but also one or more world languages or are published in different language editions. The use of a second or third editorial language has, however, implications on the treatment of place names, especially on the use of exonyms. Another aspect deriving from the atlases’ representative function is the reflection of minority names. The paper investigates into relevant practices applied in recently published national and regional atlases from the eastern part of Europe and offers some methodological considerations as regards the use of more than one editorial language, the use of exonyms in this case as well the use of minority names. 1 INTRODUCTION National and regional atlases are mainly conceived for national use. But as map works with a representative function they address, in contrast to school atlases, also an international audience. Taking this into account, many of them use for titles, legends and explanatory texts not only the national language, but also one or more world languages or are published in different language editions. The use of a second or even more editorial languages has, however, implications on the treatment of place names. -
IBNS Journal Volume 56 Issue 1
VOLUME 56, NUMBER 1, 2017 INTERNATIONAL BANK NOTE SOCIETY JOURNAL Preserving the Smithsonian’s Numismatic Collection Tamar: The Lady King Signatures on Presidency Banknotes of India Bradbury in the Belgian Congo Language Hierarchy on Banknotes Interview with Victoria Cleland Chief Cashier, Bank of England Circular Letters of Credit Part 1: America Multilingual Banknotes President’s Message Table of inter in North Dakota is such a great time of year to stay indoors and work Contents on banknotes. Outside we have months of freezing temperatures with Wmany subzero days and brutal windchills down to – 50°. Did you know that – 40° is the only identical temperature on both the Fahrenheit and Centigrade President’s Message.......................... 1 scales? Add several feet of snow piled even higher after plows open the roads and From the Editor ................................ 3 you’ll understand why the early January FUN Show in Florida is such a welcome way to begin the New Year and reaffirm the popularity of numismatics. IBNS Hall of Fame ........................... 3 This year’s FUN Show had nearly 1500 dealers. Although most are focused on U.S. Obituary ............................................ 5 paper money and coins, there were large crowds and ever more world paper money. It was fun (no pun intended) to see so many IBNS members, including several overseas Banknote News ................................ 7 guests, and to visit representatives from many auction companies. Besides the major Preserving the Smithsonian’s numismatic shows each year, there are a plethora of local shows almost everywhere Numismatic Collection’s with occasional good finds and great stories to be found. International Banknotes The increasing cost of collecting banknotes is among everyone’s top priority. -
Latin Derivatives Dictionary
Dedication: 3/15/05 I dedicate this collection to my friends Orville and Evelyn Brynelson and my parents George and Marion Greenwald. I especially thank James Steckel, Barbara Zbikowski, Gustavo Betancourt, and Joshua Ellis, colleagues and computer experts extraordinaire, for their invaluable assistance. Kathy Hart, MUHS librarian, was most helpful in suggesting sources. I further thank Gaylan DuBose, Ed Long, Hugh Himwich, Susan Schearer, Gardy Warren, and Kaye Warren for their encouragement and advice. My former students and now Classics professors Daniel Curley and Anthony Hollingsworth also deserve mention for their advice, assistance, and friendship. My student Michael Kocorowski encouraged and provoked me into beginning this dictionary. Certamen players Michael Fleisch, James Ruel, Jeff Tudor, and Ryan Thom were inspirations. Sue Smith provided advice. James Radtke, James Beaudoin, Richard Hallberg, Sylvester Kreilein, and James Wilkinson assisted with words from modern foreign languages. Without the advice of these and many others this dictionary could not have been compiled. Lastly I thank all my colleagues and students at Marquette University High School who have made my teaching career a joy. Basic sources: American College Dictionary (ACD) American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (ODEE) Oxford English Dictionary (OCD) Webster’s International Dictionary (eds. 2, 3) (W2, W3) Liddell and Scott (LS) Lewis and Short (LS) Oxford Latin Dictionary (OLD) Schaffer: Greek Derivative Dictionary, Latin Derivative Dictionary In addition many other sources were consulted; numerous etymology texts and readers were helpful. Zeno’s Word Frequency guide assisted in determining the relative importance of words. However, all judgments (and errors) are finally mine. -
Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University 206 Book Reviews
http://englishkyoto-seas.org/ <Book Review> Ken MacLean Allison J. Truitt. Dreaming of Money in Ho Chi Minh City. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2013, xii+193p. Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2015, pp. 206-209. How to Cite: MacLean, Ken. Review of Dreaming of Money in Ho Chi Minh City by Allison J. Truitt. Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, April 2015, pp. 206-209. Link to this article: http://englishkyoto-seas.org/2015/04/vol-4-no-1-book-reviews-ken-maclean/ View the table of contents for this issue: http://englishkyoto-seas.org/2015/04/vol-4-1-of-southeast-asian-studies Subscriptions: http://englishkyoto-seas.org/mailing-list/ For permissions, please send an e-mail to: [email protected] Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University 206 Book Reviews People. New Delhi: Hindustan Pub. Corp. Wang, Zhusheng. 1997. The Jingpo: Kachin of the Yunnan Plateau. Tempe, AZ: Program for Southeast Asian Studies. Wyatt, David K. 1997. Southeast Asia ‘Inside Out,’ 1300–1800: A Perspective from the Interior. Modern Asian Studies 31(3): 689–709. Dreaming of Money in Ho Chi Minh City ALLISON J. TRUITT Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2013, xii+193p. The scholarly study of banknotes (notaphily) is not a new phenomenon. But it did not take sys- tematic modern form until the 1920s. (Ironically, it emerged under the Weimar Republic just as Germany was entering a three-year period of hyperinflation.) Since then, the number of numis- matic associations has grown considerably, as have specialized publications.