Vol. 20, No. 1 Winter 2012 Cal-IPC News Protecting ’s Natural Areas from Wildland Weeds

Quarterly Newsletter of the California Invasive Council

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The endangered Lange’s metalmark butterfl y Inside: ( mormo langei) lives only on the Antioch Dunes National Wildlife Refuge and a Cal-IPC mapping ...... 4 neighboring Pacifi c Gas & Electric property. US Fish & Wilfl ife and PG&E have teamed up to Interview with Ann Howald ...... 6 protect its host plant from invasive . Read Preventing the spread of cheatgrass ....7 more on page 8. Environmental education & invasives .10 Photo: Eric Palm, USFWS Cal-IPC Student Chapter activities .....13 From the Director’s Desk A new plan

he State of California has adopted its fi rst Cal-IPC comprehensive plan on invasive species. “Stopping 1442-A Walnut Street, #462 T Berkeley, CA 94709 the Spread: A Strategic Framework for Protecting ph (510) 843-3902 fax (510) 217-3500 www.cal-ipc.org [email protected] California from Invasive Species” was developed by the state’s advisory committee on invasive species and A California 501(c)3 nonprofi t organization Protecting California’s lands and waters approved by the heads of six state agencies. from ecologically-damaging invasive plants through science, educations, and policy. Recommended actions cover the basics of STAFF prevention, early detection/rapid response, Doug Johnson, Executive Director management, research and outreach. The advisory Elizabeth Brusati, Science Program Manager Alice Chung, Training Program Specialist committee borrowed from other states’ plans and from Heather DeQuincy, Outreach Program Manager existing California plans that focus on particular types of invasive species. Ginny King, Program Assistant Agustín Luna, Business Manager But there are new ideas as well. To address concerns over pesticide use, the plan Bertha McKinley, Program Assistant recommends creating a working group to review public health risks of invasive species Dana Morawitz, Mapping Program Manager and their management, providing a forum for public-health advocates to directly help Tony Morosco, Mapping Specialist Cynthia Powell, Mapping & Modeling Specialist shape approaches to invasive species management. Another recommendation calls for Falk Schuetzenmeister, Mapping & Modeling Specialist the state to conduct a Program Environmental Impact Report on pesticide use for Arpita Sinha, Training Program Specialist invasive species control, providing an opportunity to review the state’s use of pesticides Jen Stern, Training Program Manager through a CEQA process. DIRECTORS John Knapp, President Native Range, Inc. Cal-IPC programs are already addressing several key recommendations. We provide Jason Casanova, Vice-President resources on best management practices for preventing the spread of invasive plants. Council for Watershed Health We conduct risk assessment and compile mapping data to coordinate detection and Doug Gibson, Treasurer San Elijo Lagoon Conservancy management efforts. And we work to make sure that information on invasive plants is Julie Horenstein, Secretary California Department of Fish & Game accessible to those in the fi eld and the public. Edith Allen University of California-Riverside Given that the state has eliminated key invasive plant programs in the last year, Peter Beesley we also need “a new plan” for funding on-the-ground weed management. Cal-IPC is Pacifi c Gas and Electric actively following the state Natural Resource Agency’s Fish & Wildlife Vision process Edmund Duarte Alameda County Department of Agriculture (online at vision.ca.gov), which provides an opportunity to shape the work of the state’s Jason Giessow Dendra, Inc. Dept. of Fish & Game in the future. Invasive plants impact the state’s water, wildlife, Kim Hayes and wildfi re. They will play an important role in climate change adaptation. Now Elkhorn Slough Foundation is the time to create funding opportunities through relatedissues that have clout in Sue Hubbard Federal Employee Sacramento. We are working with partners to do just that. Shawn Kelly Southern California Wetlands Recovery Project Put March 14 on your calendar. Cal-IPC and partners will hold the 9th Annual Dan Knapp Los Angeles Conservation Corps Invasive Weeds Awareness Day at the Capitol in Sacramento. It is an important Chris McDonald opportunity to make sure our elected offi cials understand the importance of addressing UC Cooperative Extension invasive species. Our grassroots advocacy can make a difference! Peter Schuyler Ecological Consultant Andrea Williams Marin Municipal Water District STUDENT LIAISONS Chelsea Carey UC Merced Kai Palenscar UC Riverside Affi liations for identifi cation purposes only. Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 - Volume 20, Number 1 Editors: Doug Johnson, Elizabeth Brusati, Heather DeQuincy Cal-IPC News is published quarterly by the California Invasive Plant Council. Articles may be reprinted with permission from the editors. Submissions are welcome. Mention of commercial products does not imply endorsement by Cal-IPC. We reserve the right to edit all work.

2 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 Wildland Weed NewsNewsNewsNewsNews

Stinkwort is spreading in San Diego A proposal passed by the U.S. House The public can view draft chapters of County. Dittrichia graveolens was would strip states of the authority to the Bay Delta Conservation Plan. The recognized in San Diego County establish ballast water standards that Plan has the dual goals of providing less than fi ve years ago but appears are more stringent than those set at the for the conservation and management to be expanding rapidly. The local federal level. Ballast water is a major of aquatic and terrestrial species in the chapter of California Native Plant pathway for aquatic invasive species enter- Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, Society is working to remove it. www. ing estuaries. This proposal would also set and improving current water supplies. signonsandiego.com/news/2011/oct/04/ a new national treatment standard in line The public comment period will begin in rogue-weed-marches-through-county/?ap with that of the International Maritime June; until then, you can see the working A USDA researcher has found a soil Organization. California is one of the drafts. Aquatic plant removal is covered in micro-organism that may kill weeds. states whose ballast water standards exceed Appendix F of the “BDCP Documents”. After examining 10,000 and testing that of the federal government. www. Cal-IPC plans to submit comments. If 100 potential organisms, Ann Kennedy invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/ballast.shtml there’s something you would like us to of USDA has found that the bacteria According to a NASA study, climate include, please send your comments to Pseudomonas fl uorescens will inhibit change will modify the plant communi- Elizabeth Brusati, [email protected]. the growth of weeds without harming ties over 40% of the earth’s surface by www.baydeltaconservationplan.com native plants or crops. So far it has 2100. These plant communities will The U.S. Forest Service published the shown promising results on cheatgrass, change from one major ecological type “National Strategy and Implementation medusahead, and jointed goatgrass, all to another, such as forest, grassland, or Plan” for the management of invasive serious invasive plants in the Western tundra. The researchers used computer species. The Strategy covers prevention; U.S. One pint per acre caused a 20- modeling that predicts the type of plant early detection and rapid response; control 40% reduction in cheatgrass in the fi rst community that is adapted to any climate and management; and rehabilitation and year after application, with additional on Earth. Most of the planet’s land that restoration across aquatic and terrestrial reduction in the following year. (Capital is not covered by ice or desert is projected areas of the National Forest System. www. Press, Dec. 5, 2012) www.capitalpress. to undergo at least a 30% change in plant fs.fed.us/foresthealth/management/fhm- com/content/w-Ann-Kennedy-medusahead- cover. www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/ invasives.shtml 120911-art climate20111214.html

Cal-IPC Updates Join Us! Board update Former Cal-IPC Board President 9th Annual Invasive Weeds Jason Giessow is recovering well after Awareness Day at the Capitol a serious work-related accident in San Diego County. We wish you the March 14 ~ Sacramento best, Jason! This is your opportunity to educate Symposium presentations state legislators about the importance of Presentations from the 2011 controlling invasive plants. symposium are now available. www.cal-ipc.org/symposium Register to join us at www.cal-ipc.org! Membership renewal Have you renewed your membership Publications and qualitative data” describes how for 2012? Check your address label Cal-IPC published an article in the Fall these two types of data work together to see if you are current. Renew 2011 journal of the Bay Area Automated to improve our view of invasive now so you do not miss the Spring Mapping Association. “Mapping plant distribution. BAAMA’s journal newsletter with information about invasive plant ranges in California: An reaches 1,000 GIS professionals. the upcoming Symposium! innovative combination of quantitative www.baama.org/journal

Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 3 Feature Mapping the spread An update from Cal-IPC’s Science and Mapping Program

011 kept the Science and Mapping For a summary of the information, users preparing for the movement of new 2Team busy! We completed statewide can generate a Regional Management invasive plants into their region. More data collection on 200 invasive plant Opportunity Report to serve as the basis species will be added in 2012. species, built the online CalWeedMapper of regional strategic planning (see op- Adding GIS data tool to use data with suitable range posite page). maps, and collected an array of datasets CalWeedMapper joins existing tools at Commenting and updating functions Calfl ora for tracking invasive plants. for contribution to Calfl ora. Thanks to will help keep the maps current. this two-year effort Cal-IPC plans to work we now have a much closely with Calfl ora stronger foundation to continue to develop for maintaining and new tools. During using statewide maps the last year, Cal-IPC for invasive plants in worked with Calfl ora California. to add to their existing online database, which CalWeedMapper is already used by many CalWeedMapper professional botanists is an online ma pping and native plant tool that displays data enthusiasts. by USGS quadrangle By collecting GIS (quad) for 200 species from the By clicking on a quad, the user sees datasets from those we met with across Cal-IPC Invasive Plant Inventory (see information about the mapping meeting the state for “expert knowledge” meetings calweedmapper.calfl ora.org). at which the expert knowledge was and uploading these datasets to Calfl ora, These data combine two sources: our gathered and also about the occurrences we were able to increase the amount interviews with invasive plant experts (108 from Calfl ora and CCH that are in the of invasive plant occurrence data in meetings with 384 participants across the quad. Users can then add a comment to Calfl ora by 89,000 records, an increase state) and occurrence information from the quad or update information if they of 70%. Some 25% of these records are Calfl ora and the Consortium of California have editing permission. lines and polygons, and we worked with Herbaria (CCH). For each species, Calfl ora to build capacity for storing and Any new occurrence data s ubmitted CalWeedMapper shows where it occurs, displaying these. We provided funding to Calfl ora or CCH will update how abundant it is, where it is spreading, to build a stronger shapefi le upload tool, CalWeedMapper. CalWeedMapper will and where it is currently being treated. the ability to collect and display lines and facilitate data correction by pointing out polygons and a central database for all When a user selects a region, where there are discrepancies between invasive plant point, line and polygons CalWeedMapper generates a list of species occurrence data from Calfl ora or CCH occurrences. that are potential targets for surveillance, and the “expert knowledge” data collected eradication and containment in the from our interviews. region. By exploring the maps for each of Here’s what you can do at To show where a given plant is most these species, users can investigate which likely to spread, CalWeedMapper also CalWeedMapper: species in which areas may be top regional displays suitable range based on climate. * Create maps and reports of priorities. Computer models were used to generate invasive plant distribution To accommodate the needs of different suitable range for 30 plant species based * Identify management users, CalWeedMapper includes a variety on where they currently grow. The maps opportunities in a county, WMA or of regional choices, including WMAs, show the areas that contain suitable range region National Forests, National Parks, large based on climate conditions in 2010 and State Parks, Jepson fl oristic regions, and a 2050. These maps can help land managers * Update species distribution data draft set of regional groupings of WMAs. with climate adaptation planning and

4 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 Setting strategic priorities in the Central Sierra “It’s great to know what is coming your way and where In December, we met in Jackson the meeting brought up new species with a dozen representatives from of importance to their region that they from… This is something Amador, Alpine, Calaveras, El Dorado wanted to learn about before they became we’ve been asking for a long and Tuolumne counties to discuss how a bigger problem. Wendy West from UC time.” the maps and reports ~ MMike Boitano, Amador County from CalWeedMapper AAgricultural Commissioner can support coordinated regional planning in the Central Sierra. infestation, spreading, and The goal was to use already under management CalWeedMapper to reach (and marked as containment consensus on a strategic targets in CalWeedMapper’s list of species that are top report). “Eradication targets priorities for surveillance representr goals that we can make and eradication. We realre headway on,” said LeeAnne focused on identifying MilaMi of the El Dorado County which species are the DepartmentDep of Agriculture. “Not highest priority for onlyonly does CalWeedMapper give us a surveillance and for sensesense of the minimal occurrences in region-wide eradication. our region,reg it also helps us call on other The group whittled the partnerspartners in our region to be inspired region’s priorities down to by theirtheir headwayh or get ideas on their 21 species for eradication treatment successes.” and 24 species for surveillance based on Cooperative Extension pointed out the CalWeedMapper’s reports and attendees’ usefulness to outreach: “This tool helps For species with suitable range maps, knowledge of existing efforts. prioritize education. There are some we determined how much uninvaded obvious species to use for outreach and range was at risk, and looked for possible education to the general public.” future trends as the climate shifts. Two species of concern were Isatis tinctoria “This is going to be a great Surveillance targets are species not yet (dyer’s woad) and Carduus nutans (musk tool for weed managers.” present within the region, but occurring thistle). In both cases, infestations occur within 50 miles. Two species that jumped ~ Matt Brown, to the north and there is considerable out to the group were Cynara cardunculus El Dorado National Forest concern about isolated occurrences in (artichoke thistle) and Nicotiana the region. Musk thistle can easily travel glauca (tree tobacco). Attendees expressed on equipment, but working diligently to concern that artichoke thistle could Participants noticed right away remove this species is a viable goal. that it was important to consider two rapidly expand in foothill ecosystems and parallel paths: their agency’s management rangeland, and they suspected that tree Centaurea maculosa (spotted priorities and their region’s management tobacco could establish in the foothills. knapweed) and Centaurea diffusa priorities and to understand that there Piptatherum miliaceum (smilograss) has ( diffuse knapweed) are amply present will likely be a difference between the two. already been reported in the region, but in the county yet we used local analysis The region’s top priorities will provide investigation of the infested quads in and knowledge to deem them strategic rationale and opportunity so that the two CalWeedMapper showed that all known eradication targets. Participants believed trajectories might meet in the future. occurrences from Calfl ora or CCH are all of the known populations are under treatment for eradication, so the eradicable and agreed to keep targeting Surveillance priorities species was included as a surveillance them as such. As Margaret Willets, Stanislaus target. Outcomes National Forest, noted about CalWeedMapper’s view on possible Eradication priorities Future steps include honing the surveillance targets, “It’s so helpful to Eradication targets included species suite of surveillance and eradication have this regional perspective because found only in isolated quads, as well targets to a regional Top 10 list to help of the many vectors of dispersal at play as some species that were a bit more convey regional priorities to funders in our region. ” Participants agreed that widespread but at relatively low level of ...continued page 14 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 5 “Harness the Boomers!” An interview with Ann Howald by Gina Darin, California Department of Water Resources

ontinuing our series of interviews pull it!” On Ann’s wish list Cof founding board members, Gina is a legal requirement for Darin spoke with Ann Howald. all consultants performing Ann currently works for Garcia and surveys to submit weed fi nds Associates, a consulting fi rm for biological to Calfl ora, similar to rare surveys from plants to bats to lizards – Oh plant survey guidelines for my! Ann’s work focuses on the Mojave submitting to the California Desert surveys ahead of solar projects. Natural Diversity Database. As rare plant surveys usually have a weed When Ann’s not component, Ann shared with me some botanizing for work, she’s of her good and not-so-good discoveries volunteering her time Ann surveying weeds and rare plants in the Mojave in the desert. The good news is lots of to many worthy causes, Desert. Photo: Fred Roberts null fi nds, meaning she’s not seeing too including helping the much weediness in the desert beyond the California State Parks with some defi nitely had the potential to take occasional red brome (Bromus rubens) weed concerns. She’s currently work- over the landscape. infestation, and those have a tendency to ing on how to keep velvet grass from dry out rapidly. overrunning a variety of wetlands and Ann went on to work for the California Department of Fish and The bad news, however, is she’s fi nd- coastal grasslands, and hand-pulling experiments around California red-legged Game’s Endangered Plant Program, ing a few halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus) where she tackled the big questions about infestations in very out-of-the-way areas. frog breeding habitat in Annadel State Park, Sonoma County. weeds. Ann attended the fi rst CalEPPC African mustard (Brassica tournefortii) symposium in Morro Bay both because has also moved in from Nevada, and How Ann got involved with weeds she was personally interested in the topic is now showing up in Death Valley When Ann was working on her and because it was related to her job. It National Park. Ann is sure to document undergraduate and graduate degrees was perfect timing in Ann’s career to get all her weed fi nds, knowing full well at UC Santa Barbara, people generally involved in this new organization. Pre- that documentation infl uences control, didn’t have awareness of weeds like they CalEPPC, weed experts were scattered. although she admitted “Or I map it and do today. Goleta, next to “We’d had interagency botanist meetings UCSB, historically farmland, occasionally, but no central functioning is likely where pampas grass entity to deal with the issue.” was introduced to the US in Fond Cal-IPC memories 1875, imported for plumes for Victorian drawing rooms. Ann’s fondest memory as a CalEPPC Goleta Slough is a natural founding board member was getting wetland, and Ann clearly the fi rst weed list published. Having saw the spread of the weed. been involved in the California Native “Pampas grass was all over Plant Society for years, Ann knew the the place.” At the same time, strong infl uence the rare plant list had on iceplant was spreading over awareness and conservation. “CalEPPC the dunes near the UCSB needs a list”, she would say, arguing that campus. Juxtapose those people love lists, but the board thought scenarios with the Santa it too daunting of a task at the time. Ann Barbara garden plants and brought up the idea and second and then street trees that didn’t move. a third time. Finally, Nelroy Jackson was It was clear to a botanist that on her side and the board agreed it was most non-native plants stayed time to take on the task. Ann started a where they were planted, but committee, which worked diligently to Ann and husband climbing Bluff Knoll, Australia. ...continued page 9 6 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 Cheatgrass in erosion control projects by Julie Etra, MS, Western Botanical Services Inc., and Adrian Juncosa, PhD, Ecosynthesis.

s featured on the cover of Cal-IPC depth (e.g., 6 inches rather than ANews, Summer 2011, cheatgrass 12 inches) to reduce the risk of (Bromus tectorum) has become a serious mass wasting.” This is particularly invasive species in the Lake Tahoe Basin. critical on roadways such as This is a relatively recent problem, as the Brockway Summit above Lake plant was only an occasional nuisance up Tahoe, featured on the cover of the until about 2000. summer Cal-IPC newsletter. This In addition to appearing on some site supported almost no cheatgrass infrastructure projects, it has become prior to the original slope treatments extremely problematic on numerous and test plots in 2000, which revegetation and erosion control projects included adding soil amendments to due to implementation of counter- container plantings in test plots (no This solid stand of cheatgrass (Bromus productive best management practices container plantings survived). tectorum) established after revegetation work. (BMPs) intended to decrease slope runoff Fertilizer application Photo by Julie Etra. and establish vegetation. Our goal is to Fertilizing a revegetation site can identify counter-productive practices that lead to an explosion in cheatgrass are considered to be agronomically low enhance invasive plant establishment and infestations.Nitrogen, often a signifi cant nutrient soils. to eliminate their use. component of fertilizer mixes, is not Fertilizers may pose additional Cheatgrass occurs in abundance on required for seed germination, but threats when nutrients leach from soil erosion control projects ( specifi cally stimulates the growth of cheatgrass and amendments into the groundwater. road cuts) in the Lake Tahoe Basin. The other invasive weeds. This is of particular concern in Lake practices of deep tilling and application The Northeastern Nevada Revegetation Tahoe, a highly nutrient-sensitive system. of fertilizers, including slow-release and Guide: Planting Desirable Vegetation Nutrient-contaminated groundwater can compost, enhance the establishment and to Compete with Invasive Weeds states, enter the lake; fertilizers and compost may spread of this plant and other weeds. “Where possible, seedbeds should be further contribute nutrients to the lake, Deep tilling prepared with as little soil disturbance as which revegetation projects are intended possible in order to retain soil moisture to reduce. This topic requires closer The recent publication Revegetation examination. Guidance Document for Erosion Control and organic matter. Keep in mind that Projects in the Tahoe Basin (AECOM, any disturbance of the soil can bring more Conclusions & control competitive weed seeds to the surface 2011), resulted from studies, workshops, Instead of deep-tilling and fertilizing, and documentation of erosion control as well. Application of fertilizer on arid rangelands after seeding establishment is a well-balanced seed mix that includes projects in the Lake Tahoe Basin. Section native colonizers, nitrogen-fi xing,and 5.2, on revegetation, recommends that not usually recommended. Most annual weeds (e.g. cheatgrass) thrive on high ‘climax’ species, will help out-compete practitioners “minimize soil disturbance weeds such as cheatgrass. Designers and and removal, and maximize stockpiling nutrient availability. Therefore, fertilizing the newly planted site at seeding time or specifi cation writers can also require the and reuse topsoil that must be removed, if use of weed-free seed. any. Remove existing invasive plants and in early spring can result in record class other weeds potentially interfering with weed infestations.” Once established, cheatgrass can successful revegetation before planting.” This is indeed what has occurred be controlled through the judicious and is continuing to occur on numerous use of appropriate herbicides and by Further, it states, “…extensive soil mechanically removing the plants with preparation is costly, and itself disturbs sites in the Lake Tahoe Basin where deep tilling with heavy applications of fertilizers weed eaters before setting seed. However, the soil. In addition, on steeper slopes, repeated disturbance, including hand- the ‘fl uffy,’ lesser strength, lighter has been adopted. Unfortunately these practices continue despite the widespread pulling, especially after seed set, exacer- soil that temporarily results from soil bates the problem. Thick application of loosening may locally slump. Therefore, recognition that suitable revegetation species drawn from California’s native mulches can reduce emergence, but also on steeper slopes, soil should be loosened limits establishment of desirable species. to an irregular and perhaps shallower fl ora are well-adapted to thrive in what ...continued page 9 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 7 USFWS and PG&E partner to protect species by Louis Terrazas, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service

[Ed. Note: The Center for Biological nudum psychicola). The United Diversity and two other organizations are States Fish & Wildlife Service suing the California Energy Commission (FWS) and the Pacifi c Gas & and USEPA over approval of three Electric Company (PG&E) are additional power plants in the Antioch teaming up to protect these area. Their concerns include the impact on three federally listed endangered sensitive habitat from nitrogen deposition species from being overrun by stemming from power plant emissions. invasive plants. Look for a future article on the impacts The two parties have signed of nitrogen deposition on invasive plant a Safe Harbor Agreement, which spread.] establishes a relationship between nvasive plants are pushing three FWS and a cooperating non- Federally-endangered evening primrose Iendangered species to the brink of federal landowner. The purpose (Oenothera deltoides howellii) is being protected extinction in and around the Antioch of a Safe Harbor Agreement is to from invasive plants by the US Fish & Wildlife Dunes National Wildlife Refuge (NWR). promote voluntary management and PG&E. Invasive plants like winter vetch (Vicia of endangered species on non- Act can be fl exible and allow non-federal villosa), yellow starthistle (Centaurea federal property, while giving assurances landowners to work together with the solstitalis), and ripgut brome (Bromus to participating landowners that there will FWS to protect endangered species and diandrus) pose a direct threat to the be no additional regulatory restrictions in their habitat. federally listed Contra Costa wallfl ower the future. The Antioch Dunes NWR is a unique ( capitatum angustatum) and In this agreement PG&E is provided 55 acre refuge in Antioch, Contra Costa the Antioch Dunes evening primrose with an “enhancement of survival permit” County on the San Francisco Bay. The (Oenothera deltoides howellii). that allows them incidental take of refuge was established in 1980 to protect The endangered Lange’s metalmark endangered species while maintaining the three endangered species and is the butterfl y ( langei) is also their power lines and other structures only NWR out of 555 refuges in the threatened due to the loss of its host plant, on their bordering property. In turn, NWR System that was set up specifi cally the naked stem buckwheat ( PG&E is providing a “net conservation to protect endangered plants and . benefi t” to the refuge by It is a unique site where over 95% of restoring available habitat the remaining population of the Contra on PG&E’s parcels, by Costa wallfl ower and the Antioch Dunes creating opportunities for evening primrose are found on the refuge population re-colonization and the bordering PG&E property. The and expansion, and by remaining wild population of the Lange’s maintaining suitable metalmark butterfl y is only found on habitat. By completing a the refuge and on the bordering PG&E Safe Harbor Agreement property. FWS and PG&E can now offi cially The refuge is relatively small and is partner to protect the surrounded by industrial complexes, three endangered homes, roads, railroad tracks and the San species and their Joaquin River. The habitat is severely habitat by controlling altered, diminished and fractured. It and eradicating the is an island of habitat surrounded by threatening invasive source populations of more invasive plant plants on the neighboring populations. On the refuge, the invasive Cal-IPC staff and Alameda-Contra Costa WMA helped PG&E property. This is plants directly compete for sunlight and pull invasive plants at the Antioch Dunes NWR at a 2011 a great example of how water with the endangered plants, and workday. the Endangered Species with the host plant for the endangered

8 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 infestation on the refuge also threatens rare native plants, such Join Cal-IPC for a as the Delta tule pea (Lithyrus jepsonii jepsonii), Mason’s lilaeopsis Habitat (Lilaeopsis masonii), the Suisun marsh aster (Aster lentus), and Restoration other native plants found on the refuge. Workday The mosaic of endangered at the species and invasive plants on the refuge makes it extremely diffi cult Antioch Dunes NWR and time consuming to manage. The refuge staff, with the help of Saturday, Feb. 25 Contra Costa wallfl ower ( many great volunteers, spend the angustatum) is also threatend by invasive plants. majority of its time combating 10 am - 2 pm butterfl y. Invasive plants like winter vetch invasive plants that are entangled Sign up at climb and smother the host plants for the and mixed in with endangered plants Lange’s metalmark butterfl y and alter the and the host plant for the butterfl y. They www.cal-ipc.org microclimate for the eggs and larvae of use many methods to battle and control the endangered butterfl y. invasive plants, including mowing, weed whacking, careful use of herbicides, order to better control the fl ow of invasive All this leads to the loss of host plants prescribed burns, grazing with cattle, and species into the refuge and to further and the decrease in the success rate of the a lot of manual labor. expand the available habitat for these Lange’s metalmark butterfl y. The increase three endangered species. in vegetation supplies fuel for wildfi res Next, the Antioch Dunes NWR is planning on setting up more Safe Harbor Contact the author at Louis_ that have helped deplete the endangered [email protected]. species on the refuge. The invasive plant Agreements with other neighbors, in

...Ann Howald from page 6 technology and resources to further the ...Cheatgrass from page 7 mission despite these challenges. So far, produce the original CalEPPC list in Cal-IPC has been very successful looking To alleviate the continual spread of 1996 and several updates as new informa- to the future, and needs to continue to cheatgrass through ill-advised practices, tion poured in. After the CalEPPC list adapt to long-term environmental change, revegetation BMPs should be designed was published, agencies immediately used to recognize and take advantage of that are compatible with regional . it to prioritize weed control efforts. potential streams of fi nancial support, and In the more arid areas of the West, this “Nothing as complicated and foster greater collaboration. means minimizing soil disturbance ( except to remedy compaction from amazing as Cal-IPC would be easy to Ann hopes everyone will resolve human causes), eliminating the applica- build. Despite differences, Cal-IPC was to continue interest and dedication to tion of high-nutrient amendments, and achieved, and I’m grateful for the experi- Cal-IPC in this time of personal fi nancial selecting native species that best initiate ence of participating.” struggle. Also, “Harness the Boomers!” ecological succession. Cal-IPC’s next steps Baby boomers are retiring, and there is an enormous potential volunteer pool. References Twenty years ago, the board couldn’t Be sure to include them and keep them AECOM. 2010. Revegetation Guidance have anticipated the progress that has involved. They have much knowledge Document for Erosion Control Projects in the been made, and could not have anticipat- and power. Ann, too, promises to stay Tahoe Basin. Report prepared for the California ed the confl uence of the weak economy, involved. Tahoe Conservancy, South Lake Tahoe, CA. funding slashes to government and NGO McAdoo, J.K., and R. Davis. 2003. programs, and global climate change, “Raising awareness and translating Northeastern Nevada Revegetation Guide: which all affect the mission of Cal-IPC. awareness into action – that’s what it was Planting Desirable Vegetation to Compete with all about, and that’s what happened.” Invasive Weeds. UNR Cooperative Extension, Hope for the future comes from the Most Californians now understand the SP-03-14, Reno, NV. wonderful people within the organization threats posed by invasive weeds, and Julie Etra and Adrian Juncosa are both who have risen to the challenges and that to protect our state’s biodiversity, Certifi ed Professionals in Erosion and have been on the cutting edge of new education and action must continue. Sediment Control. Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 9 Adding invasives to environmental education by Ashley Gilreath, Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California at Santa Barbara

he Education and the Environment resources/outreach/ TInitiative (EEI) is a landmark piece index.php) as of environmental education legislation a resource for passed in 2003. The goal of the initiative teachers and other is to bring environmental education to educators. There the 6.2 million students in California’s are many lessons public schools. Integration of multiple ranging from subjects helps schools with environmental those that briefl y education have higher student grades, cover invasive higher testing scores, and fewer problems plants as part of with discipline in the classroom. a larger issue to Governor Schwarzenegger’s sup- lessons focusing exclusively on port statement for the EEI said, “This in ecosystems” teaches how European nation-leading initiative will not only invasive species. The curriculum even covers non-native beachgrass is invading coastal sand prepare the next generation to tackle the dunes and impacting wildlife. environmental issues of their day, it will as early as the second grade! also get your students ready to excel in Curriculum examples: • The high school biology lesson “Effects of introduced species” teaches California’s growing green economy.” The • The third grade lesson “Lights, initiative required the development of the ecological effects of invasive camera, action!” uses invasive grasses plants, giving four examples. a model K-12 curriculum for voluntary to teach about changing habitats. use in schools. This curriculum includes The California Environmental all kinds of environmental challenges – • The fourth grade lesson “Cultivating Protection Agency (Cal-EPA) and including invasive plants. California” teaches how the partners designed this curriculum to introduction of livestock permanently Cal-IPC evaluated the coverage of teach students to think critically about changed the landscape of California the environment. The lessons are invasive species in the curriculum. We’ve with the introduction of new plants. posted a list of the invasive species focused meant to teach students how to make • The seventh grade lesson “Changes lessons on our website (www.cal-ipc.org/ ...continued page 12

2012 Field Course Schedule

Cal-IPC Field Courses provide a solid grounding in the tools and knowledge needed to manage invasive plants. Learn from our expert instructors, and work towards your Cal-IPC Trained Wildland Manager certifi cate. Courses are designed for professional land managers and restoration volunteers. Check our website to learn more about course curricula, habitat restoration workdays and the certifi cate program! Register at www.cal-ipc.org, or call us at (510) 843-3902

Ben Lomond (Santa Cruz Co.) Idyllwild (Riverside Co.) Registration rates Ben Lomond Conference & Retreat Center James San Jacinto Mountain Reserve Fees are per day of training April 24 - Biology & ID June 5 - Strategic Approaches Cal-IPC member: $155 April 25 - Control Methods June 6 - Biology & ID Non-member: $175 April 26 - Mapping June 7 - Control Methods Restoration volunteer: $55

10 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 PPreventingreventing tthehe IIntroductionntroduction andand SpreadSpread ofof IInvasivenvasive PPlantslants Best management guidelines for land managers , aggregate production, maintenance operations and construction. • Exeter: Jan. 26; 11 a.m. - 4 p.m. • Los Angeles: March 8; 10 a.m. - 3 p.m. • Sonora: April 9; 10 a.m. - 3 p.m. • Truckee: May 2; 10 a.m. - 3 p.m. RRegisteregister andand findfind agendaagenda aat:t: uucanr.org/registrationcanr.org/registration 22012012 ppreventionworkshopsreventionworkshops Hosted and sponsored by USFS, NPS, CDFA, UCCE and Cal-IPC. Funding provided by the U.S. Forest Service and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act.

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Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 11 it the fi rst state certifi ed environmental to raise $22 million. Part of this funding ...Education from page 10 curriculum in the country! will go towards printing the EEI materials evidence-based judgments. According to It is our hope that the EEI curriculum for teachers and students and training Phil LaFontaine of the Department of will make environmental problems like for teachers. This campaign has resulted Education, “The overarching theme of invasive plants common knowledge in several successful partnerships. The this curriculum is the interactions and among the general population. Education Sempra Energy Foundation provided interdependence of human societies and is essential to making invasive plants a a $50,000 grant for the Santa Monica- natural systems.” Teaching in this style mainstream part of life. Students will Malibu Unifi ed School District to provides an opportunity for students to not only learn themselves but will take implement the curriculum. In Manteca, apply what they learn in school to real life knowledge about invasive plants home to teacher training was funded by the locally problems. This kind of critical thinking is their families. This cascade of knowledge based American Modular Systems. another reason students who participate might make a difference in everyday deci- You can help to support the EEI in environmental education do better in sions – from what garden plants to buy to curriculum by spreading the word to school. where they buy fi rewood. educators and supporting state fund- The lessons meet California academic Unfortunately, the program needs ing for the program. If you help run content standards by integrating sub- more funding to meet its goals. Despite an environmental education program jects like history, reading, and science suffering huge funding cuts Cal-EPA is check out the EEI website (www.calepa. together. In fact, the EEI curriculum is ambitiously continuing their planned ca.gov/education/eei) and make sure your so well designed that the State Board of rollout of curriculum to public schools. In program meets their environmental Education certifi ed it in 2010 – making fall 2010 they embarked on a campaign principles.

Thank You for Supporting our Work!

Recent Donors Jones (Richmond), John Knapp Edith Moore (Petaluma), Elizabeth (Lompoc), Marla Knight (Fort Jones), O’Shea (Orinda), Elizabeth Proctor (San Your tax-deductible donations are extremely Tamia Marg (Berkeley), T. Charles Francisco), Carolyn Ridley (Alexandria, valuable in supporting our programs. Thank Moore (Sunnyvale), Lincoln Smith VA), Phillip Roullard (San Diego), you! (Albany), Donald Stiver (El Cerrito), Patrick Skain (San Francisco), Sarah Sweet Donna Thompson (Crescent City), (Galt), Mandy Tu (Hillsboro, OR), RW Stewardship Circle ($1,000+) Connie Varnhagen (Edmonton, Canada) Van Alstyne (Fort Brag), Matt & Joann Peter Beesley (Grass Valley) Zlatnuich (San Franscisco) Jake Sigg (San Francisco) Friend (up to $99) Annette Wheeler (Los Altos Hills) Doug Allshouse (Daly City), Greg New Members Archbald (Nevada City), David Patron ($500-$999) Beesley (Nevada City), Charles Bouril As a Cal-IPC Member, you join a powerful John P. Anderson (San Francisco) (Yountville), Stephen Chung (Laguna network of land managers, researchers, Mike Kelly (San Diego) Nigel), Robert Connick (Berkeley), volunteers, and concerned citizens. Welcome! Champion ($250-$499) Adrienne DeBisschop (Oakland), Leif Bryant (Napa County Flood Control), Abe Doherty (San Francisco), Claire Arlene Hopkins (Arlene Hopkins & Julie Horenstein (Sacramento) Englander (Berkeley), Meryl Faulkner Assoc., Santa Monica), Sabrina Hopton Dan Knapp (Los Angeles) (La Jolla), Alf Fengler (San Mateo), (McKinleyville), Wendy Horn (Palmdale), Contributor ($100-$249) Patricia Gordon-Ready (San Diego), Shawn Horne (Napa County Flood James & Nancy Harris (Huntington Control), Art Janke (City of Walnut Creek Joan Bockman (Oceanside), A. Beach), John & Hermi Hiatt (Las Open Space District), James Rexroth (San Crawford Cooley (Novato), Henry Vegas, NV), Ken Himes (Belmont), Joaquin County Parks & Recreation), DiRocco (Anaheim), Joe DiTomaso John Holloway (Sea Ranch), David Patrick Reynolds (H.T. Harvey & Assoc., (Davis), Ed Duarte (Dublin), Sally & Kelly (Auburn), Micki Kelly (San Davis), Victor Schaff (S&S Seeds, Inc., Craig Falkenhagen (Atherton), Judith Anselmo), Ralph Kraetsch (Walnut Carpinteria), Kathy Van Zuuk (USDA Fenerty (San Jose), Mike Forbert Creek), Elizabeth Landis (Los Angeles) Forest Service, Colfax), Nancy VanAntwerp (Pacifi ca), Douglas Gettinger (Vista), Mark Langner (Coleville), Scott Martin (Carpinteria), Connie Varnhagen Jim Hanson (Oakland), Ann Howald (Borrego Springs), Elizabeth Mather (San (Edmonton, Canada), Brian Werner (Three (Sonoma), Lawrence Janeway (Chico), Diego), Tanya Meyer (Emporium, PA), Rivers), Jacob Whall (Pacifi c Restoration Carolyn Johnson (Sebastapol), Larry Audrey Miller (Ferndale), Gerald & Group, Inc., Perris)

12 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 Building on our past to enhance the future by Mike Bell, Cal-IPC Student Chapter Co-Chair, UC Riverside

t the 2011 symposium, the Cal-IPC Over the course AStudent Chapter gathered with of our three-day alumni, Cal-IPC board members, and trip, we were given land managers to discuss development a tour of the island, over the past four years and a plan to educated on their expand in the future. diverse methods of Past weed treatments, surveyed the pro- The Student Chapter was founded tected native fl ora and has actively participated in Cal-IPC for sensitive species, activities since 2007. During the fi rst and treated multiple few years, students from the University invasive species of California, Riverside, reached out to populations. It was graduate students and other academic a great experience members of Cal-IPC to promote for all students who communication between students and attended. We also professionals working on the control of learned the use of Cal-IPC Student Chapter members pull New Zealand spinach invasive plants. GIS to map the with Tony Summers of CHIRP along the coast of Catalina Island. We built a strong base of students spread and control of species, how from institutions across the state who undergraduates. As we grow, we intend to to mix and apply herbicides, and came participate in outreach activities and expand our reach to link current students away with a general sense of the time and weed removal days. These events have with each other, and to connect students resources it takes to fi ght the spread. allowed students to trade knowledge on with information about how they can the impacts of invasive plant species with We are going to continue our weekend expand their research projects through the public and local land managers. The weed program this March with a trip grants. We also want to link prospective southern California branch of the Student to Joshua Tree National Park. Students students with current research on the Chapter has worked closely with local interested in attending the weekend spread and control of invasive plant Weed Management Areas (WMA), to should contact us as soon as possible. species. procure funding to create and purchase Once back on the mainland, we have educational materials to present to the In order to do this, we are in the been working to update an educational public at local plant sales, Earth Day process of transforming our website to not brochure on the most prolifi c invasive events, and Cal-IPC Speaker’s Bureau only contain educational materials and species within the Santa Ana River talks. Associating with WMAs provided information about outreach events, but watershed. Using knowledge we gathered us with the resources needed to develop also to guide students towards internships, for public outreach events, we were able outreach materials consistent with Cal- research grants, and graduate programs. to help describe and provide clear images IPC’s mission, which students could easily Getting students familiar with Cal-IPC to help the public identify each species. modify for their own region. prior to starting a graduate program will The updated brochure is available for introduce them to our community early Present download on our website and available to and will help fulfi ll the research needs of This year we expanded our goals, and partners for future outreach. new and spreading species. We want the have begun to create partnerships with Future information on our site to be fl uid and up land managers to provide students with an to date, so if you know of opportunities One of the main objectives identifi ed opportunity to learn some of the details that students would be interested in, at the symposium was the need to get of day-to-day and long term management please let us know and we will add them. more students involved with Cal-IPC and of invasives; skills not taught within a more of them educated on the oppor- If you would like more information normal graduate program. In April 2011, tunities that exist within invasive plant about the Cal-IPC Student Chapter, or we were hosted by the Catalina Habitat science. Up to this point, the Student are interested in keeping up-to-date on Improvement and Restoration Program Chapter has focused our attention on events, visit our website at calipcsc.org or from the Catalina Island Conservancy. current graduate students and motivated ‘Like’ our Facebook page at www.facebook. com/calipcsc.

Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 13 rangeland conservation, and a social restoring and adopting landscape Readings & and economic assessment of rangeland approaches. The report also calls for devel- conservation practices. www.nrcs.usda.gov/ oping and communicating information Resources wps/portal/nrcs/detail/national/technical/ on the value of species and ecosystems to nra/ceap/?&cid=stelprdb1045811 humanity, describes the role of protected Know of a resource that should be shared areas, and discusses mainstreaming biodi- National Forest Foundation grants here? Send it to [email protected]. versity needs. www.fao.org/forestry/30032- The National Forest Foundation is 043e91af6fddb0d073537f6249fd0cc2e.pdf Jepson eFlora currently soliciting proposals for its The Jepson eFlora parallels the second Matching Awards Program (MAP), that Bridging the Gap edition of The Jepson Manual, Vascular provides matching funds for direct on- The Journal of Applied Ecology has Plants of California. The eFlora includes the-ground and citizen-based monitoring launched a major new initiative to bridge all of the taxonomic treatments of projects benefi tting America’s National the gap between applied ecological the print Manual and in addition to Forests and Grasslands. MAP funds can research and practical environmental treatments for taxa that were excluded be used to support conservation and management. “Practitioner’s Perspectives” from the print Manual because of doubts restoration projects benefi ting wildlife provide a platform for individuals about naturalization status. It includes habitat, recreation, watershed health, and involved in hands-on management of interactive distribution maps linked to community-based forestry. Deadline: July ecological resources to explain what is specimen data from the Consortium of 2, 2012. www.nationalforests.org/conserve/ needed to ensure effective take-up of the California Herbaria. The eFlora is linked grantprograms/ontheground/map/application results of research. www.journalofappliedecology.org/view/0/ to numerous electronic tools through the SF Bay Restoration PractitionersPerspective.html Jepson Online Interchange. The online journal San Francisco Estuary ucjeps.berkeley.edu/IJM.html and Watershed Science has published a International Proceedings Benefi ts of Rangelands special two-part issue on “Ecology and Proceedings from the 2nd International “Conservation Benefi ts of Rangeland Regional Context of Tidal Wetlands in Workshop on Invasive Plants in the Practices: Assessment, Recommendations, the San Francisco Bay National Estuarine Mediterranean Type Regions of the and Knowledge Gaps” is a synthesis of Research Reserve”. These open-access World, held in Trabzon, Turkey, are rangeland-related literature. It provides articles address estuarine ecology, the now available. The conference included information to guide the development history and future of restoration in San participants from 29 countries. (See and assessment of management Francisco Bay, and the possible effects page 168 for an article from California.) practices and conservation programs on of climate change on the Bay and Delta. archives.eppo.org/MEETINGS/2010_con- rangelands. It assesses the effectiveness of www.escholarship.org/uc/jmie_sfews ferences/mediterranean_ias.htm seven NRCS-recommended rangeland Wildlife and Climate Smartphones conservation practices: prescribed graz- The Food and Agriculture Organization Interested in smartphone applications for ing, prescribed fi re, brush management, of the UN published, “Wildlife in a tracking invasive species? The National range planting, riparian management Changing Climate” describing conse- Invasive Species Information Center has practices, wildlife management practices, quences of climate change on wildlife, as a new page devoted to these tools. www. and invasive plant management. Also well as potential conservation measures invasivespeciesinfo.gov/toolkit/monitor- assessed were a landscape approach to to adapt to climate change, including ingsmart.shtml

...CalWeedMapper from page 5 the region from the west and represents the largest difference in the future. an opportunity to engage the public in and the public. Attendees agreed that Contact Cal-IPC Science Program surveillance and wise plant selection for outreach and education can and should Manager Elizabeth Brusati (edbrusati@ landscaping. continue through WMA partners. For cal-ipc.org) or Mapping Program Manager instance, Linaria genistifolia ssp. dalmatica Working at the level of multiple Dana Morawitz ([email protected]). (Dalmatian toadfl ax) has been spread counties was a larger scale than what most Funding provided by USDA Forest unknowingly by gardeners in the Tahoe people were used to, and it provided a Service, California Department of Food region, but an outreach and education chance for attendees to devise new ways to and Agriculture, California Landscape campaign has increased the number work together, whether for on-the-ground Conservation Cooperative, National Fish of reported populations as El Dorado projects or joint outreach and education & Wildlife Foundation, Resources Legacy residents have begun looking for the projects. Identifying surveillance and Fund, and Richard and Rhoda Goldman plant. Another ornamental plant, Sesbania eradication targets in the region helped Fund. Cal-IPC is an equal opportunity punicea (red sesbania) is moving toward participants put their minds together and provider. think about where limited funds can make

14 Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 The WILDLAND WEED CALENDAR

Cal-IPC Field Courses N.A. Congress for Conservation Biology February - April April 24-26 July 15-18 National Invasive Species Awareness Week Ben Lomond, Santa Cruz County Oakland February 26-March 3 www.cal-ipc.org/fi eldcourses www.scbnacongress.org Washington, D.C. May - July Aquatic Plant Management Society www.nisaw.org July 22-25 Western Society for Weed Science Mtg North Bay Grasslands Symposium Salt Lake City, UT March 12-15 May 4-6 www.apms.org Reno, NV Sonoma County www.wsweedscience.org www.cnga.org August & beyond

California Invasive Weeds Awareness Day SERCAL’s Annual Conference Ecological Society of America Annual Mtg March 14 May 15-17 Aug 5-10 Sacramento UC Davis Portland, OR www.cal-ipc.org www.sercal.org/conference.htm www.esa.org/portland

st Western Aquatic Plant Mngmt Conference Cal-IPC Field Courses Cal-IPC’s 21 Annual Symposium April 2-4 June 5-7 October 10-13 San Diego Idyllwild, Riverside County Rohnert Park, Sonoma County www.wapms.org www.cal-ipc.org www.cal-ipc.org Global Herbicide Resistance Challenge Noxious Weed Short Course Invasive Plant Short Course February 19-22, 2013 April 16-19 June 26-28 Perth, Australia Loveland, CO North Platte, NE www.herbicideresistanceconference.com.au www.wsweedscience.org ipscourse.unl.edu

Quotable

“Your jaw drops at what’s going to happen. The weeds don’t stop.” ~ Lars Anderson of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s agricultural research service, referring to the alarming rate of spread of South American spongeplant in “New Delta invader, spongeplant, thretens to clog waterways, pumps”, Contra Costa Times, December 20, 2011.

“Nature doesn’t have a direction, function or purpose. Humans decide that. It’s up to us to decide what we want nature to be like…”

~ Ecologist Mark Davis in the Leaf Litter newsletter, www.biohabitats.com, Winter 2011. He continues, “The fi eld of invasion biology isn’t going to exist in several decades. This native vs. non-native notion is not going to hold up. Our biota will be such a mixture of long term and recently arrived species, and for the people who grew up with this mixture, it’s going to seem ridiculous to continue to characterize some species as native and some as not.”

Cal-IPC News Winter 2012 15 Non-Profi t Org. California U.S. Postage Invasive Plant PAID Berkeley, CA Council Permit No. 1435

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