DOCSLIB.ORG

Report Inquiring Into the Causes and Consequences of Kosovo Citizens’ Involvement As Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report Inquiring Into the Causes and Consequences of Kosovo Citizens’ Involvement As Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq OCCASIONAL PAPER BY KCSS 04/2015 Kosovar Center for Security Studies Report inquiring into the causes and consequences of Kosovo citizens’ involvement as foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq April, 2015 Kosovar Center for Security Studies Report inquiring into the causes and consequences of Kosovo citizens’ involvement as foreign fighters in Syria and Iraq April, 2015 Author: Shpend Kursani Researcher: Skender Perteshi Assistant researchers: Flamur Sallahu Catherine Lefèvre Krenare Loxhaj Internal review: Florian Qehaja Mentor Vrajolli Editing: Jacob Phillipps April, 2015 © All rights reserved by Kosovar Center for Security Studies. Intellectual property rights are protected under the Law on Copyright and Related Rights 2011/04-L-065. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Disclaimer: This project was funded through a U.S. Embassy, Pristina grant. The opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed herein are those of the Author and the Kosovar Center for Security Studies and do not necessarily reflect those of the Department of State. CONTENTS 1. KEY FINDINGS �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 2. INTROductiON ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������17 3. MetHODOLOGY ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������21 4. THE CONTEXT �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������24 5. EXTERNAL CONDITIONS AND influences ......................................................................................30 5.1. The roots of conservative religious ideas.........................................................................................................30 5.2. Dissemination of conservative religious ideas in Kosovo ..........................................................................36 5.3. The roots of violent extremist ideas ..................................................................................................................43 5.4. Dissemination of violent extremism in Kosovo .............................................................................................51 6. INTERNAL CONDITIONS AND influences .......................................................................................59 6.1. Conditions facilitating religious ideas ...............................................................................................................59 6.2. Conditions facilitating violent extremist ideas and groups ......................................................................66 6.2.1. Particular personal characteristics ...................................................................................................67 6.2.2. Education and attitude towards it ....................................................................................................69 6.2.3. Family and social conditions .............................................................................................................70 6.2.4. The concept of ‘shahid’ and personal characteristics ..................................................................72 6.2.5. Family and social isolation and alienation ....................................................................................75 7. Instruments facilitatinG VIOLENT EXTREMISM AND RECRUITMENT ............................77 7.1. The issue with mosques and imams (Takfir vs. non-Takfir) ........................................................................77 7.2. Dormitories and other private spaces ...............................................................................................................80 7.3. The internet ................................................................................................................................................................81 7.4. Finances .......................................................................................................................................................................85 8. THE PROCESS �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������92 9. THE UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES ....................................................................................................93 9.1. Implications of dealing with the consequences ...........................................................................................93 9.2. Implications of double standards .......................................................................................................................94 9.3. Implications of the two extremes in (public) discourse .............................................................................95 9.4. The BIK .........................................................................................................................................................................97 10. RECOmmendatiONS ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 101 TaBLE OF FIGURES FIGURES Figure 1: Period when foreign fighters from Kosovo joined the rebel groups in Syria (n=226) ............27 Figure 2: Currently known location of foreign fighters from Kosovo (n=210) .............................................28 Figure 3: Views on Islam (global) ..................................................................................................................................57 Figure 4: Views on Islam (Kosovo) ................................................................................................................................57 Figure 5: Trust in religious institutions (urban/rural) ............................................................................................60 Figure 6: Commitment to a cause (urban/rural) .....................................................................................................60 Figure 7: Commitment to a cause (age groups) .....................................................................................................65 Figure 8: Trust in religious institutions (age groups) .............................................................................................66 Figure 9: Kosovo foreign fighters in Syria according to year of birth (n=199) .............................................68 Figure 10: Level of education of Kosovo foreign fighters (n=57) .....................................................................69 Figure 11: Previous criminal records of Kosovo foreign fighters (n=210)......................................................73 Figure 12: The dialectics of extremisms .....................................................................................................................97 Figure 13: Treatment of Kosovo foreign fighters upon return (age groups) .............................................103 TABLES Table 1: Number of foreign fighters from Western Europe, Balkans, US, and Russia .................................25 Table 2: Differences between the Islamic legal schools, ......................................................................................40 DIAGrams Diagram 1: Sources of dissemination of extremist Takfiri ideas into Kosovo and the region ................56 Diagram 2: Conditions and process facilitating the phenomenon of foreign fighters ............................92 1. KEY FINDINGS 7 The context • Among the 22 Western states which include those throughout Europe, the US, Russia, and Turkey, from which most of the foreign fighters are suspected to have joined militant organisations in Syria and Iraq, Kosovo is ranked eighth, with 232 confirmed cases (until mid-January). Currently, around 30 percent of the confirmed total cases of foreign fight- ers from Kosovo are considered to still be with rebel groups in Syria; • Kosovo has 125 foreign fighters per capita for every 1 million citizens, making it the high- est ranking country among the 22 listed countries, followed by Bosnia with 85, Belgium with 42, and Albania with 30 cases of foreign fighters per capita for every 1 million citi- zens; • In terms of the number of foreign fighters per capita amongst their Muslim population, Kosovo is in the bottom half of the list of countries, ranked 14th among 22 countries with the highest number of foreign fighters per capita of their respective Muslim popula- tions. Of the 22 countries listed, this report finds that it is the Muslim population of the non-Muslim majority countries that are mostly affected by the phenomenon of foreign fighters; • The majority, or 54 percent of the foreign fighters from Kosovo, have joined the conflicts in Syria during 2013, a period when ISIS was consolidated and when its recruitment in- tensified; • Until now, Kosovo institutions have taken a number of steps in their efforts to fight vi- olent extremism. This includes, amongst others, the arrest of more than 80 individuals (January 2015) under suspicions of being involved in terrorist actions or organisations. Syria and Iraq in fighters as
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Countering the Myths of Is How to Counter the Is Narrative Online? the Case of Albanian Speaking Countries
    REPORT BY KCSS MARCH 2019 / 02 Kosovar Centre for Security Studies COUNTERING THE MYTHS OF IS HOW TO COUNTER THE IS NARRATIVE ONLINE? THE CASE OF ALBANIANSPEAKING COUNTRIES MARCH 2019 Publisher: Kosovar Centre for Security Studies Authors: Vesë Kelmendi & Rudinë Jakupi Internal reviewer: Skender Perteshi External reviewer: Garentina Kraja © All rights reserved by Kosovar Centre for Security Studies. Intellectual property rights protected by Law No. 04/L-065 on Copyright and Related Rights and Law No. 05/L-047 on Amending and Supplementing the Law No. 04/L-065 on Copyright and Related Rights. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher. Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. This project was supported by the Embassy of the Netherlands in Kosovo. The views expressed in this research are those of Kosovar Centre for Security This project was supported by the Embassy of the Netherlands in Kosovo. The views expressed in this research are those of Kosovar Centre for Security Studies and do not necessarily represent those of the Embassy of the Netherlands in Kosovo. REPORT BY KCSS 03/2018 Kosovar Centre for Security Studies COUNTERING THE MYTHS OF IS HOWTHE TOUNEXPLORED COUNTER THE NEXUS: IS NARRATIVE ONLINE? THEISSUES CASE OF ALBANIAN-SPEAKINGOF RADICALISATION COUNTRIES AND VIOLENT EXTREMISM IN MACEDONIA MARCH 2018 REPORT BY KCSS TABLE OF CONTENT 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................6 1.1. Methodology .................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam and Democracy
    ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY number 85/86 • volume 22, 2017 EDITED BY ANJA ZALTA MUHAMED ALI POLIGRAFI Editor-in-Chief: Helena Motoh (ZRS Koper) Editorial Board: Lenart Škof (ZRS Koper), Igor Škamperle (Univ. of Ljubljana), Mojca Terčelj (Univ. of Primorska), Miha Pintarič (Univ. of Ljubljana), Rok Svetlič (ZRS Koper), Anja Zalta (Univ. of Ljubljana) Editorial Office: Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Philosophical Studies, Garibaldijeva 1, SI-6000 Koper, Slovenia Phone: +386 5 6637 700, Fax: + 386 5 6637 710, E-mail: [email protected] http://www.zrs-kp.si/revije number 85/86, volume 22 (2017) ISLAM AND DEMOCRACY Edited by Anja Zalta and Muhamed Ali International Editorial Board: Th. Luckmann (Universität Konstanz), D. Kleinberg-Levin (Northwestern University), R. A. Mall (Universität München), M. Ježić (Filozofski fakultet, Zagreb), D. Louw (University of the Free State, Bloemfontain), M. Volf (Yale University), K. Wiredu (University of South Florida), D. Thomas (University of Birmingham), M. Kerševan (Filozofska fakulteta, Ljubljana), F. Leoncini (Università degli Studi di Venezia), P. Zovatto (Università di Trieste), T. Garfitt (Oxford University), M. Zink (Collège de France), L. Olivé (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), A. Louth (Durham University), P. Imbert (University of Ottawa), Ö. Turan (Middle-East Technical University, Ankara), E. Krotz (Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán / Universidad Autónoma de Metropolitana-Iztapalapa), S. Touissant (École Normale Supérieure), B. Mezzadri (Université d’Avignon), A. Bárabas
    [Show full text]
  • Kosovo Political Economy Analysis Final Report
    KOSOVO POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT DECEMBER 26, 2017 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Management Systems International, A Tetra Tech Company. KOSOVO POLITICAL ECONOMY ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT December 26, 2017 IDIQ No. AID-167-I-17-00002 Award No: AID-167-TO-17-00009 Prepared by Management Systems International (MSI), A Tetra Tech Company 200 12th St South, Suite 1200 Arlington, VA, USA 22202 DISCLAIMER This report is made possible by the support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the sole responsibility of the Management Systems International and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. CONTENTS Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................... iii I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6 II. Methodology ............................................................................................................................. 7 A. Foundational Factors ........................................................................................................................................... 7 B. Rules
    [Show full text]
  • BULLETIN of CASE LAW Volume I January – June 2016
    BULLETIN OF CASE LAW Volume I January – June 2016 BULLETIN OF CASE LAW 2 Publisher: Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo Editorial Board: Mrs Arta Rama-Hajrizi, President of the Constitutional Court, Prof Dr. Ivan Cukalovic, Vice-President of the Constitutional Court, Mr. Almiro Rodrigues, Judge of the Constitutional Court, Prof. Dr. Snezhana Botusharova, Judge of the Constitutional Court, Mr. Milot Vokshi, Secretary General of the Constitutional Court, Legal Office, Constitutional Court; Contributors: Dr. Karl Weber, Project Manager, GIZ Mrs. Pranvera Ejupi- Hajzeraj, Project Coordinator, GIZ Mr. Selim Selimi, Legal Expert Novus Consulting © 2016 Constitutional Court of Kosovo Copyright: No part of this edition may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written approval of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kosovo (hereinafter: the Constitutional Court), unless such copying is expressly permitted by the relevant copyright law. Disclaimer: According to Article 116.4 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kosovo, the decisions of the Constitutional Court are published in the Official Gazette of the Republic, which is the primary source for the decisions of the Constitutional Court. This Bulletin does not replace the primary source for the decisions of the Constitutional Court. In case of conflicts or inconsistencies between the decisions published in this Bulletin and the decisions published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Kosovo, the latter shall prevail. The purpose of the summary of the decisions is to provide a general factual and legal overview of the cases and a brief summary of the decisions of the Constitutional Court.
    [Show full text]
  • Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 7 the Titles Published in This Series Are Listed at Brill.Com/Yme Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 7
    Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 7 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/yme Yearbook of Muslims in Europe Volume 7 Editor-in-Chief Oliver Scharbrodt Editors Samim Akgönül Ahmet Alibašić Jørgen S. Nielsen Egdūnas Račius LEIDEN | BOSTON issn 1877-1432 isbn 978-90-04-29889-7 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-30890-9 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Contents Preface ix The Editors xv Editorial Advisers xvii List of Technical Terms xviii Islams in Europe: Satellites or a Universe Apart? 1 Jonathan Laurence Country Surveys Albania 13 Olsi Jazexhi Armenia 33 Sevak Karamyan Austria 41 Kerem Öktem Azerbaijan 62 Altay Goyushov Belarus 79 Daša Słabčanka Belgium 87 Jean-François Husson Bosnia and Herzegovina 114 Aid Smajić and Muhamed Fazlović Bulgaria 130 Aziz Nazmi Shakir Croatia 145 Dino Mujadžević
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do Foreign Fighters Join Islamic State? the Case of Kosovo
    WHY DO FOREIGN FIGHTERS JOIN ISLAMIC STATE? THE CASE OF KOSOVO ASYA METODIEVA STRATEGIC UPDATE DECEMBER 2018 Currently ranked Europe’s top university affiliated think tank. LSE IDEAS is LSE’s foreign policy think tank. We connect academic knowledge of diplomacy and strategy with the people who use it. Through sustained engagement with policymakers and opinion-formers, IDEAS provides a forum that informs policy debate and connects academic research with the practice of diplomacy and strategy. IDEAS hosts interdisciplinary research projects, produces working papers and reports, holds public and off-the- record events, and delivers cutting-edge executive training programmes for government, business and third-sector organisations. @lseideas facebook/lseideas Why do foreign fighters join Islamic State? The Case of Kosovo1 ASYA MetODIEVA Introduction Foreign fighter mobilisation is not a new phenomenon. However, it has only become a serious political issue worldwide with the rise of the Islamic State (IS). More than 42,000 people from 120 countries have travelled to Iraq and Syria between 2011 and 2016.2 Previous studies on IS have been largely concerned with the growth of the phenomenon in the West.3 Meanwhile, countries with recent experience in violence have also contributed to the numbers in Europe but received less attention from scholars and security experts. More than 900 people from the Western Balkans have joined the ranks of IS and other radical groups.4 364 of them originate from Kosovo, the youngest country in the region, born out of the the dissolution of Yugoslavia. This Strategic Update looks at the emergence of foreign fighter cells in societies with a recent war experience.
    [Show full text]
  • The Struggle of Kosovo Policymakers to Upgrade the Law on Religious Affairs
    Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 39 Issue 5 Article 20 2019 The Struggle of Kosovo Policymakers to Upgrade the Law on Religious Affairs Jeton Mehmeti University of Graz Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, Religion Commons, and the Religion Law Commons Recommended Citation Mehmeti, Jeton (2019) "The Struggle of Kosovo Policymakers to Upgrade the Law on Religious Affairs," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 39 : Iss. 5 , Article 20. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol39/iss5/20 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The struggle of Kosovo policymakers to upgrade the law on religious affairs By Jeton Mehmeti183, University of Graz Abstract Apart from guarantees over freedom of religion, in the last two decades, authorities in Kosovo have made little progress in advancing its legal framework to accommodate the emerging needs of religious communities. The only law that regulates religious affairs in Kosovo is the 2006 Law on Freedom of Religion. The law is framed in very broad terms, and has received a lot of criticism for failing to properly regulate the status of religious communities. Representatives of these communities have consistently asked for changes to legislation that would grant them the status of legal entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Religion in the Western Balkansâ•Ž Societies
    Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe Volume 39 Issue 5 Article 2 8-2019 Role of Religion in the Western Balkans’ Societies - Full Text Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, and the Religion Commons Recommended Citation (2019) "Role of Religion in the Western Balkans’ Societies - Full Text," Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe: Vol. 39 : Iss. 5 , Article 2. Available at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/ree/vol39/iss5/2 This Article, Exploration, or Report is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Occasional Papers on Religion in Eastern Europe by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Role of Religion in the Western Balkans’ Societies Conference Volume Country snapshots, elite survey reports and papers delivered to the conference Tirana, June 2019 Disclaimer: This study was conducted in the framework of the Project “Exploring the role of Religion in the Western Balkan societies” with the support of a grant of the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs awarded in the framework of the Human Rights Fund. The objectives, proper implementation and results of this project constitute responsibility for the implementing organization – Institute for Democracy and Mediation. Any views or opinions presented in this project are solely those of the implementing organisation and do not necessarily represent those of the Dutch Government. Implementing partners: Editing Board Leonie Rakaj – Vrugtman Aleksandar Takovski Tarik Jusić Nenad Zekavica Viktorija Borovska ISBN 978-9928-4385-3-9 Copyright ©IDM 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of External Actors in the Western Balkans
    The influence of external actors in the Western Balkans A map of geopolitical players www.kas.de Impressum Contact: Florian C. Feyerabend Desk Officer for Southeast Europe/Western Balkans European and International Cooperation Europe/North America team Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Phone: +49 30 26996-3539 E-mail: [email protected] Published by: Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e. V. 2018, Sankt Augustin/Berlin Maps: kartoxjm, fotolia Design: yellow too, Pasiek Horntrich GbR Typesetting: Janine Höhle, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Diese Publikation ist/DThe text of this publication is published under a Creative Commons license: “Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 international” (CC BY-SA 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-sa/4.0/legalcode. ISBN 978-3-95721-471-3 Contents Introduction: The role of external actors in the Western Balkans 4 Albania 9 Bosnia and Herzegovina 14 Kosovo 17 Croatia 21 Macedonia 25 Romania 29 Serbia and Montenegro 32 The geopolitical context 39 3 Introduction: The role of external actors in the Western Balkans by Dr Lars Hänsel and Florian C. Feyerabend Dear readers, A spectre haunts the Western Balkans – the spec- consists of reports from our representatives in the tre of geopolitics. Once again, the region is at risk various countries involved. Along with the non-EU of becoming a geostrategic chessboard for exter- countries in the Western Balkans, this study also nal actors. Warnings are increasingly being voiced considers the situation in Croatia and Romania. in Brussels and other Western capitals, as well as in the region itself. Russia, China, Turkey and the One thing is clear: the integration of the Western Gulf States are ramping up their political, eco- Balkans into Euro-Atlantic and European struc- nomic and cultural influence in this enclave within tures is already well advanced, with close ties and the European Union – with a variety of resources, interdependencies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Term Soft Power Has Been Championed by Joseph S
    Strategy for export of Kosovo’s cultural assets Olta Andoni* I. Introduction Kosovo, the NEWBORN state, is enjoying its independence. The long dreamed aspirations are more than real for Kosovo right now. Looking forward to the future and being recognized by more countries is another “war” for Kosovo. Seeking new avenues in this direction is the key to the newest state in the world. However, the next “war” of Kosovo has to be a muted and psychological one. Whether it will be successful or not depends on a series of factors. Kosovo, as a new independent state, is more focused on working toward the accession by new states, neglecting the relevance of the arts and culture in the process. But no development is expected without the interplay of the culture. If culture is defined as the entire system of beliefs, practices and customs that exist in a society, it is the foundation that supports every development.1 Economic development without cultural roots will never be sustainable.2 Relying on the power of art and culture is crucial for Kosovo’s future. This paper examines the importance of the art and culture on bridging the gap between a new state, its neighbors and the world. * LL.M. IP Candidate 2009, Chicago-Kent College of Law. Thank you to Prof. Perritt for encouraging the author to come up with a strategy to assist the export of cultural assets of the newest state in the world, Kosovo. 1The power of Culture, http://powerofculture.nl/en/theme/policy.html, (last visited on Dec.2, 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • New Row Buffets Scandal-Hit Kosovo Passport Contract from Page 1 Documents to Misappropriate About 7,400 Euro
    Opinion: The New Year in Kosovo Jan 18 - 31, 2013 Issue No. 103 www.prishtinainsight.com Price € 1 NEWS Sparkes: Privatisation Tangle Leaves Buyer Politics Unusable Business Weigh on > page 3 NEWS EULEX Gjakova Dumps Laws In Rush for EU rule of law mission’s Trash Power former deputy chief says > page 5 successes in fighting NEWS corruption are under- Kosovo and Serbia played - but pressures to preserve Kosovo’s stabil- Militias Threaten ity have sometimes got Violence in the way. > page 6 See Page 4 FEATURE Rise of Conservative Islamists Alarms New Row Buffets Scandal-Hit Kosovars Kosovo Passport Contract Austrian company and Kosovo Ministry of Internal Affairs are locked into a tax dispute over a 14 million euro contract already rocked by allegations of theft and bribery. > page 12-13 By Jeton Musliu, Florent Spahija and back to 2011. Haziraj said the contract required November 2012 after she failed to CULTURE Kreshnik Gashi At the Austrians’ request, the the Austrian State Printing House transfer 1.4 million euro from the two sides have now suspended fur- to pay VAT on the passports it sends Interior Ministry to the Austrian Kosovo Textbooks osovo’s Interior Ministry ther talks until next week. to Kosovo. It is impossible to verify State Printing House, which had and the Austrian company The company declined to com- Haziraj’s claim because the min- hired her as a subcontractor. Soften Line on Kthat prints the country’s biometric passports are in a dis- ment, but Interior Ministry istry has not released the contract. The money from the Interior Ottoman Rule pute over taxes.
    [Show full text]
  • Youth Policy in Albania Council of Europe in 1997
    ID 9540 Albania is the seventeenth country to have undergone an international review of its national youth policy, a series which was started by the Youth policy in Albania Council of Europe in 1997. The review was performed in 2009 during two one-week visits by a team of international experts working on the basis of the Albanian National Youth Strategy, published in 2007. The report focuses on three issues identified by the Albanian government: the law, delivery mechanisms and youth participation, and three issues identified as important by the review team itself: youth information, leisure-time activities and youth crime and justice. While reviewing the youth policy in Albania with special attention to theses issues, the international team came across a number of specific or cross-sectoral subjects (education, health, minorities, etc.) which helped depict a broad picture of the situation of young people in the country. Recommendations made by the international team, cover not only government action, but address steps to be taken by those who take part, at all levels, in the shaping of youth policy in Albania. Youth policy in Albania The Council of Europe has 47 member states, covering virtually the entire continent of Europe. It seeks to develop common democratic and legal principles based on the European Convention on Human Rights and other reference texts on the protection of individuals. Ever since it was founded in 1949, in the aftermath of the Second World War, the Council of Europe has symbolised reconciliation. ISBN 978-92-871-6823-8 Council of Europe Publishing €21/US$42 http://book.coe.int Youth policy in Albania Conclusions of the Council of Europe international review team Howard Williamson (Rapporteur) Zden˘ka Mas˘ková (Chair) Imse Nilsson Guy-Michel Brandtner Filip Coussée _ Srd Kis˘evic´ Council of Europe Publishing The opinions expressed in this work are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe.
    [Show full text]