SEVENTH UMITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES EiheW YOTIC, 13-23 JanUaq 1998 Item 5 () of the agenda‘.

NATIONAL STANDARDIZATION: TOPONYMI@ GUIDELINES FOR MAR AND OTHER EDITORS

ToDonmic Guidelines of the

J: E/COMF.91/1 ** Prepared by the Czech Office, for ~srveyiwg,~a~~iw~ and Cadastre, Praha

Paabllished by Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre CZ-I11 21 Praha 1, Hybernska 2

Chairman Ing. Jiii Sima, CSc

Autho~s PhDr. Pave1 BohaE, Land Survey Office, Commission for Geographical Names; Mgr. Milan Harvalik, The Institute, Academyof Sciences of the Czech Republic

Lector PhDr. Ivan Lutterer

Tkawseation JUDr. Marie BohaEova, Mgr. Milan Harvalik

Edited and printed by Land Survey Office CZ-170 06 Praha 7, Kostelni 42 Language and Orthographic Form of Geographical Names 7

Language and Script in the Czech Republic 7

Czech 7

Basic Rules of the Czech Graphic System and Pronunciation of 9

Rules for Writing Czech Geographical Names 10

Literary Czech and Czech Dialects 11

Origin of Czech Geographical Names 11

National Geographical Names Authorities and the Standardization of Geographical Names 13

National Geographical Names Authorities on the Territory of the Czech Republic 13

Standardization of Geographical Names 13

Sources 15

State Map Series 15

Gazetteers 16

Statistical List of 17

Fundamental Base of Geographic Data (ZABAGED) 17

Glossary of Designations and Generic Terms on State Map Series 18

Abbreviations of Czech Words on State Map Series 32

Abbreviations of Czech Nouns on Maps 32

Abbreviations of Czech Adjectives and Prepositions on Maps 34

Administrative Division of the Czech Republic by 35 hora IiIi nsko

chalupa om utov

inkoust I a nt ice jji i lip Teme lin i- _____I_--- 71 jabiko ilern ice // K kopec Karvin5 les Lovos ice

maso ManGtin

nebe Nachod

d0rn

Praha _I_-x_.

ieka, kei Rihly, Pierov

SuBice

:eta

abut!

il ie

-8- The Czech is largely phonological (i. e. each is designated by a special letter and each letter designates one phoneme), partly, however, etymological-morphemic. There are short and long in Czech; the distinction between them is phonological (e. . kupuji’l buy‘ kupuji‘they buy‘). A long-sign is used to designate long vowels (a, 8, i, , 6, q);in cases, where [u:] has originated in the Old Czech long 6,its quantity is designated by a superscript (fi - kdfi ’horse’, stdl ’table’). The G is never written at word-initial position. (Quantitative distinctions between [ul and [u:I are not differentiated in the English transcription.) The long d occurs in modern literary Czech only within loan-words. i, yand i, qdesignate in modern literary pronunciation the sole phoneme - [i] and [i:]. When placed after d, , n in indigenous expressions thevowels iand isoften previous consonants (divokq’wild‘, divka ’girl’, ticho ‘silence’, tiha ’weight’, nic’nothing‘, nizkq‘low‘). The grapheme e‘ does not correspond to any special phoneme. This grapheme desig- nates the sound combination j+ e in syllables be‘, p6, v6, fe‘ (@et’run’, pe‘t‘five’, ve‘‘thing‘), n“ + e in syllable me“ (me‘sto ’town’; the formerly admissible, rarer and regionally marked pronunciation mje is not considered normative at present), in syllables d6, t6, n6the grapheme e” softens (like i and il foregoing consonants (de‘dec‘ek ’grandfather’, te‘lo ‘body’, n6co ’some- th ing‘). The only Czech is OCI (loulta ’meadow’, moudrost ‘wisdom’), au and eu occur in words of foreign origin (aulo ‘ca’’, leukernie ‘leukaemia’). As well as vowels, consonants r, I and rarely also in are syllabic in Czech (trn ‘thorn’, vlk ’wolf’, sedm ’seven’) if situated between two consonants or after a consonant at word-final position. Soft of palatal consonants d‘, 6 n” is marked by a reversed circumflex (d‘abel’devil’, labut’ ‘swan‘, pisefi ’song’) provided that they are not followed by i, ;or e‘ (see above). A reversed circumflex above graphemes c, s, and r designates a sound being phoinetically near to the corresponding basis, the so-called hush-sibilants c, 5, i and also a specific Czech phoneme iwith an analogous sibilant characterization. There are two variants of this phoneme, a voiced ?and a voiceless one. The voiced [r31 occurs at initial word-position before a , between two vowels (or between a sonorous consonant and a vowel) and, in general, in the vicinity of any voiced consonant (ieka ’river’, mor‘e ’sea’, mr‘E ‘bars’, zi‘idka ’seldom’, i‘vvrit’roar’), the voiceless [rj] is found at word-final position before a pause, before a voiceless consonant or after it (kovai’smith’, kuchaika ’cook’, tr‘i’three’).

9- There is a so-called assimilation of in Czech. Voiced consonants turn into voiceless ones (and the other way around) depending upon surrounding sounds. The following rules hold in general: A combination of paired consonants is either entirely voiced or voiceless. Voiced paired consonants (b,d, d', g, , v, z, 2) are pronounced voiceless at word-final positions and before voiceless paired consonants (c, 6, ch, I, p, s, 5, t, tl - zpdsob [spu:sop] 'manner', Turnov [turnof]; voiceless paired consonants are pronounced voiced before voiced paired

consonants (except v) - svatba [svadbal 'wedding'. This kind of assimilation is called regressive assimilation. Non-paired consonants (j, I, , n, ri) neither cause assimilation nor are assimi- lated. Further particulars and instructions concerning exceptions in pronunciation of sound- -combinations with h are to be found in Mluvnice Ee8tiny 1, Praha 1986, pp. 59 - GO.

Basic rules for using capital letters in proper names in Czech are: One-word proper names are written with a capital letter (Praha, Brno, Labe, Vltava, Dyje, SnSka, Rip, Pradgd, RadhoStl, multiword proper names are written with a capital letter in the first word in principle (Bila hora, KruSne hory, Nova Yeka). Provided that a proper name is a component of other multiwot-d proper name, it is written with a capital letter as well (Ticha Orlice, Studena Vltava, Mo ra vskoslezske Besk yd , Hru b y Jesenik, I

10 - It is not possible to omit any part of multiword geographical names in official uses, they may only be abbreviated. The abbreviation must be unambiguous, plain and must exclude any confusion of names. Prepositions are usually abbreviated (Roinov pod RadhoStBm - Roinov p. RadhoStBm, Jablonec nad Nisou - Jablonec n. Nisou), names of municipalities and their parts can be abbreviated in their attributive component (Cesw Krumlov - Ces. Krumlov, Rychnov nad KnEnou - Rychnov nad KnBi., Nove Nl6sto na Morav6 - N. MBsto na Mor.). The abbreviation of attributes is used in names of non-residential and non-independent residential objects as well if their basis is a proper name (lepla’ Vltava - T. Vltava, Maly Sis’ak- M. Sis’ak). If a common noun denoting a species occurs in this type of names, it is also possible to abbreviate it (Cerveny potok - derveny p., Tfenicka hora - Tienicka h.).

Literary Czech originated on the territory of Central-Bohemian dialects, however, at present it differs from them considerably. Four Czech dialect-groups have formed on the basis of the development of Old Czech vowels yand Lj: a) Bohemian dialects ( and the contiguous western part of Moravia; v> ej, u > ou - bejk’bull’, mouka ’flour’); b) Central- (the territory of central IVloravia; y > ej > 8, u > ou > o - bek, moka); c) East-Moravian dialects (the eastern part of Moravia; the original yand u have been kept without changes - byk, rnuka); d) Silesian dialects (the north-east part of Moravia and the contiguous parts of former Silesia; y> y, u>u- byk, rnuka). There are a number of subdialects within these groups. Dialectal forms of geographical names are to be found on older maps, particularly from the beginning of the century (Oujezdinstead of Ujezd, BaborynB instead of BavorynB, Karezinstead of Kaiez), recent cartographic works use standardized literary forms of geographical names in principle.

Most Czech geographical names are of Czech (Slavonic) origin, however, names from pre-Slav period occur as well, although, rarely. These oldest names have been usually used for streams and orographic objects from which the name could be transferred to a settlement lying near them (rivers Vkava, Labe, Jizera, a hill OSkobrh, place-names Doksy, , Kiemie). Another stratum of names of foreign origin has appeared in consequence of the German colonization of the Czech territory, which began roughly in the 13th century. The influence of German has been reflected both in place-names (e. g. Nymburk, Liberec, Varnsdorf, F~dlant, Sluknov) and in minor place-names (e. g. hills Svaroh, Dyler?).In the Hussite period and during the Reformation (in 15th and 16th centuries) biblical names were sometimes given to settle- ments, streams and elevations (Tabor, Oreb, Sion, Jordan, Cedron). Loans from other lan- guages have been rarer (Beroun from Italian Verona). A large number of indigenous place-names have their source in denotations of inhabi- tants (Tatobity, Pode‘brady, Psary, Kladruby, Rokycany, Nyfany, Semily, Strakonice, Otro- kovice, Kralice) and in the personal name of a founder, owner or a noted settler of a settlement. Possessive denoting the relation of a person to a locality have been used for this formation, e. g. -ib (Chocen + jb > Choceii, ChotBbor + jb > Chote‘bofi, -ja (Gostivit + ia > Hostivice), as well as the connection of a -ja and a component -ves’village‘ (Zvolen +ja + ves > Zvolengves, Nelagod + ja + ves > Nelahozeves) and suffixes -ynja (in modern Czech -ynB - Chrop/Chropa + ynja > Chropynt;), -ov (BeneS + ov > 6enes"ov) and -in (Protiva + in > Protivin, Kola/Chola + in > Kolin). Other place-names have originated from common nouns. Names of nearby streams (Sazava), hills, rocks, valleys etc. (Skalice, Plasy, Debi, VrBiI have often been transferred on a settlement on the strength of metonymy. There were further motivational resources for place-names, e. g. type of soil (Slatina, Jilove, BlatnB, Hlinsko, MBlnik), climatic conditions (Studens),flora (Bubi,/(lent/, Rokytno),fauna (Jeleni, Losiny, Hove'z/] and the relative position of a settlement (Hranice, Zalui/j. Many place-names have their origin in common nouns denoting objects made by human activities. Several subgroups are distinguished within this group: names given after the manner of deforestation (Zd'ar, Pho?, Prosez, SeE, Myt: Tfebova), after a position on thoroughfares (Brod, Most), after the kind of a settlement (Mgstec, Viska, Lhota, Ujezd, OC~OZ),after noted buildings (Hradec, Hradek, Kostelec, Cerekev, KlaSterec, Tyn), after the manner of land cultivation and afterthe area of cultivated lands (Kopanina, Ostiedek, LBny), after mills and other similar works (Harnry, Mlpnec) and after mined minerals (Stiibro).

12 - In compliance with the Parliamentary delegation the post and functions of the national geographical names authorities are carried out by the Ministry of Interior ofthe Czech Republic, the Ministry of Regional Development of the Czech Republic, the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre and cadastral offices on the territory of the Czech Republic. The activity of the offices in the field of standardization of geographical names is regulated by the relevant laws and other commonly binding legal regulation.

The following rules apply to the national standardization of geographical names:

The Constitution of the Czech Republic - the name of the state;

Act No. 36/1960 Coll., Order of the Federal Statistical Office No. 1793/78-032-918 -the names of the districts (counties) i.e. territorial-administrative units on the regional level;

Act No. 367/1990 Coll. as amended by subsequent legislation -the names of municipalities, i.e. basic territorial-administrative units and their parts;

Decree No. 120/1979 Coll. - the names of the elementary settlement units, i.e. territorial units for settlement planning;

Act No. 344/1992 Coll. -the names of cadastral districts, i.e. units oftechnical structure of the territory;

Decree No. 97/1961 Coll. -the names of streets and other public areas, i.e. territorial elements inside of settlement units;

Act 200/1994 Coll., Decree No. 31/1995 Coll. - the names of non-residential geographical features collected within the nicety of the Basic Map of the Czech Republic 1:10 000;

Act No. 265/1992 Coll. as amended by Act No. 89/1996 Coll., Decree No. 190/1996 Coll. - the names of non-residential geographical features collected within the nicety of the cadastral (la rge-scale) maps.

The names of districts, municipalities, parts of municipalities, elementary settlement units, cadastral districts and streets and other public areas inside of settlements have been defined as standard territorial identifiers in the setting of the Standard of State Informational System for Territorial Identification which was adopted by Governmental Decision No. 448/1993. In

- 13 addition the higher territorial-administrative units, so called regions or lands, are about to be created according to the Constitution of the Czech Republic. But the constituting of them was not realized until now. All standardized names of geographical features have been inserted into the State Map Series. The streets and other public areas in smaller municipalities, the names of which were only selected, represent an exception to that fact.

Since 1971 the Commission for Geographical Names of the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre in has worked as an expert advisory body for geographical names onthecentral level ofthestateadministration.TheCommission respectstheresolutions of the UN Conferences on the Standardization of Geographical Names in its activity.

- 14- The Czech Office forsurveying, Mapping and Cadastre is the publisher of the State Map Series on the territory of the Czech Republic. The State Map Series consists of Large-Scale Maps, Medium-Scale Basic Maps, Maps of Landscape Units, Maps of the Administrative Division, Sheet Lines of the State IMap Series and Thematic State Map Series.

Large-Scale Maps The Large-Scale Maps have embraced primatycadastral maps using the old foot scales 1:2 880, 1:1 440 or 1:720 and since 1932 also maps using the decadal scales 1:l 000, 1:2 000 or 1:5 000. The maps are formed with maps planimetry and lettering and they are updated according to the file of descriptive data of the Cadastre of Real Estates of the Czech Republic. Besides, the Derived State Map ofthe Czech Republic 1:5 000 pertains to the Large-Scale Maps as well. This map is formed with maps planimetry, lettering as well as hypsometry and published in the national geodetic datum, i.e. in the national coordinate reference grid ,,The Uniform Trigonometrical System of Cadastre” (S-JTSK) and in the elevation system ,,Baltic - after Adjustment” (Bpv).

IVledium-Scale Basic Map The Medium-Scale Basic Maps carry fundamental topographic information in the S-JTSK system and the Bpv system using the scales of 1:lO 000, 1:25 000, 1:50 000, 1:’lOO 000 and 1200 000, e.g. the Basic Map of the Czech Republic 1:10 000 etc. These maps also serve as the topographic base for the production of the Thematic State Map Series.

Maps OF Landscape Units The Maps of Landscape Units are edited as Map of Districts of the Czech Republic 1:100 000, Map of Regions ofthe Czech Republic 1:lOO 000, Map ofthe Czech Republic 1:500 000, Physical map of the Czech Republic 1:500 000 and Map of the Czech Republic 1:l 000 000. These maps show the territorial-administrative Division of the Czech Republic on the topographic base.

Maps of the Administrative Division The Maps of the Administrative Division of the Czech Republic are published at scales of 1:200 000, 1:500 000 and 1:2 000 000. They show only the delineation of boundaries of territorial-administrative units and cadastral districts and their names, likewise the names of municipalities (towns) and their parts.

- 75- Sheet Lines of the State Map Series

The Sheet Lines of the Derived State Map 1:5 000 and those of the Medium-Scale Basic Maps are displayed on the topographic base of the Map of the Czech Republic 1:500 000 individually as well as collectively. Similarly the sheet lines of the Medium-Scale Basic Maps (150 000, 1:lOO 000 and 1:200 000) are marked on the topographic base of the Map of Administrative Division 1:2 000 000.

Thematic State Map Series. The Thematic State Map Series show the thematic matter set on the topographic base of the State Map Series by competent State bodies. The following thematic maps are published at present: I) Road Map of the Czech Republic 1:50 000; II) Basic Map of Water Supplies Management of the Czech Republic 150 000; Ill) hilap of Elementary Settlement Units of the Czech Republic 1:50 000; IV) Review of the Levelling Network 1:50 000; V) Review of Trigonometric Points and Control Points of the Detailed Geodetic Control 1:50 000; VI) Road Map of Regions 1:200 000; Vll) Czech Republic - Czech State Levelling Network of the 1.-111. Orders 1:500 000.

Since 1981 the Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre and its predecessorthe Czech Office of Geodesy and Cartography have published gazetteers in a collection of publications on geographic names called ,,UNO Gazetteers of Geographical Names" as follows:

Names of geographical features on the territory of the Czech Republic (Series A): Geographical Names of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (in 1990)- joint gazetteer of the Czech and Slovak Offices of Geodesy and Cartography; Major Geomorphological Units of the Czech Republic (in 1996).

Names of the geographical features outside of the territory of the Czech Republic (Series B): The List of Current Czech Geographic Proper Names (in 1981); Names of States and their Territorial Parts (the Ist edition in 1982) -joint gazetteer of the Czech and Slovak Offices of Geodesy and Cartography; The List of Changed Foreign Geographical Names (in 1986) -joint gazetteer of the Czech and Slovak Offices of Geodesy and Cartography; Names of States and their Territorial Parts (the 2nd updated edition in 1988) -joint gazetteer of the Czech and Slovak Offices of Geodesy and Cartography;

16 - Names of States and their Territorial Parts (the 3rd updated edition in 1993).

Handbooks of the standardization of geographical names (Series C): Toponymic Guideline for the Use of Geographical Names from the Territory of the Czechos- lovak Socialist Republic (in 1987) -joint gazetteer of the Czech and Slovak Offices of Geodesy and Cartography;

International Glossary of Geographical Terms Used in General Geographic Maps (in 1991) - joint gazetteer of the Czech and Slovak Offices of Geodesy and Cartography.

In 1994 The Czech Statistical Office and the IMinistry of Interior of the Czech Republic have published the Statistical List of Municipalities of the Czech Republic based on the processing of data from a census which was staten on 3rd March 7991.The official names of municipalities, the names of their parts and the names of elementaiy settlement units were contained in the List in accordancewith the administrative division ofthe territory ofthe State on 3IStDecember 7992. The following changes of the names of municipalities and their parrs are continuously being published in tlie Central Bulletin of the Czech Republic.

The Basic Map of the Czech Republic 1:lO 000, which consists of 4 573 map sheets, is the primary source of the standardized toponymy in tlie Czech Republic. Since 7994 this analogue map lias become the basis for the digital Fundamental Base of Geographic Data (so called ZABAGED) created as a part of the state informational system of the Czech Republic which uses the technology of the geographical information system (GIs).'The aim of ZABAGED is to create a data base combining space and description data for the purpose of employing tlietn in information sysvenis of other users. Attribute data of map lettering are filed in the scrpple- mentary table data base. As the first step the digital cartographic raster data base tniodel ZABAGEDI2 has been realized in tlie period 1995-1996, among others by iiieans of digitizing contents of the Basic Map 1:lO 000. Its component was the complex of standardized geographical names of the state territory. The completion of the topoloyic vector data base model ZABAGED/I by means of vectorization programmes in the environment of Intergrapli MGE is being accelerated at present. The relevant attribute data are formed into tables of tlie relational data base ORACLE. Customers will receive the data according to their requirements. One of the aims of ZABAGED is its utilization as aii information service by the production of state maps. After the adoption of European standards for geographical information the data of ZABAGED/I vvill be transformed accordingly. The Land Survey Office has been entt-usted with the responsibility to administer the ZABAGED.

17 - There are two grammatical numbers (singular, plural), three genders (masculine, femi- nine and neuter) and seven cases in Czech. In the glossary below Czech nouns are marked (according to their gender) with abbreviations m., f or n., adjectives with adj. and prepositions with prep. Czech adjectives have different terminations tor single grammatical genders, numbers and cases; only terminations used in the nominative case of singular are given in the list. Three types of adjectives are distinguished: so-called hard (with terminations -y for masculines, -a for feminines, -e for neuters), soft (a termination -fis used for all genders) and possessive ones (4v, -ova, -ovo or-in, -ina, -;no).Adjectives are usually followed by nouns in Czech geographical names but they can be found isolated as well - above all as denotations of municipalities and streams, mostly in the form of a substantivized feminine. Basic entries in the list are given in nominative in principle and largely in singular. Plural forms and diminutives derived from a basic entry are mentioned only in the event of their frequent occurrance in geographical names. These forms are provided with notes pl. and dimin. The derivatives are listed after basic entries in brackets only if they occur in geographical terminology in larger number.

A akvadukt, m. aqueduct alej, f alley, row of trees andelsky, -a, -e,adj. angelic archeologicky, -a, -e, adj. a rc h a el og ica I arteska studna, f Artesian well astronomicky, -a, -e, adj. astro no mica I autobus, m.; autobusovy, -a, -8,adj. bus

B bily, -a, -6, adj. (Bela) white biskupsky, -a, -8,adj. episcopal bor, m.; bory, PI.; borek, dimin. pine wood borovy, -a, -6, adj. pine hotel, m. boatel bouda, if; , pl. lodge, chalet boii, adj. God's brana, f.; branka, dimin.; branky; dimin.,pl. gate brazda, f. furrow brloh, m. den brod, m.; brody, PI.; brodek, dimin. (Brodce) ford bieh, m.; biehy, pl. riverside, water's edge biezina, f. birch wood biezovy, -a, -e, adj. birch

- 18- biidliEna, -a, -e, adj. slate biiza, f. (BTezi, BTezno) birch tree buEina, f. beech wood buk, m.; buky, pl. (Bukovec, Bukovsko) beech tree bukovy, -a, -6, adj. beech bystry, -a, -e, adj. (Bystrice, BystTiEka) swift

G camping, m. camping (site) cesta, f. road, track chata, f;chaty, pl. cottage, chalet, weekend hut chemicky, -a, -e, adj. c h e mica I chladici, adj, cooling, refrigerating chlum, m.; chlumek, dimin. (ChlurnEany, Chlumec) (wooded) hill chranBna krajinna , f. landscape preserve chranBna oblast pr"irozene akumulace vod, f. water-supply preserve chranBne uzemi, n. preserve, protected area chrangny, -a, -6, adj. protected, preserved chrast, m. (Chrast, ChraSt'any) leaves chySe, f. (ChySe, ChySky) shanty cirkev Eeskoslovenska husitska, f. Czechoslovak Hussite Church civilni, adj. civil cviEiSt6, n. exercising ground, athletic ground c Eap, m. stork East obce, f. part of Cerny, -aF-6, adj black Eertirv, -ova, -ovo, adj. devil's Eerveny, -a, -e, adj. red Eesky, -a, 4,adj. Bohemian; Czech Eisty, -a, -e, adj. clean, clear D dar, in. gift dBd, m. old man deStny, -a, -e, adj. rainy dil, m. Part divadlo, n. theatre divoky, -a, -6, adj, wi Id dlouhy, -a, -e, adj. long dobr\j, -a, -6, adj. good

- 19 dolni, ad;. lower doubrava, f. (Doubravice) oak forest dievgny, -a, -8,adj. wood(en) dub, m. (Duba, Dubenec, Dubi) oak tree du bovy, -a, -6, ad;. oak dBI, m.; doly, pl. (Podoli) pit, mine dvorsky, -a, -8,adj. COUrt dvfir, m.; dvory, p1. (Dvorce, Dvoii5tB) fa r nis t ea d , co u rty a r d diban, m.; dibany, pl. jug, pitcher E elektrarna, f. power station, generating station evangelicky, -a, -e, ad;. eva ngelica I

G galerie, f. gallery garai, f; garaie, pl. garage gejzir, m. geyser geologicky, -a, -e, adj. geological id habr, m.; habry, pl. horn beam habiina, f. hornbeam wood hadi, adj. snake haj, m.; haje, pl.; hajek, dimin.; hajeEek, dimin. grove hajovna, f. gamekeeper's lodge halda, f. dump hamr, m.; hamry, pl.; hamersky, -a, -6, adj. smeltery hangar, m. hangar hat, f; hat&, pl. fascine, faggot havran, m. crow hejtman, m. captain, hetman hladky, -a, -e, ad;. smooth hlavni, ad;, main, principal, capital hlina, f earth, clay hliniSt6, n. finding place of clay hluboky, -a, -6, ad;. deep hluk, m. noise holy, -a, -6, ad;. bare, naked homole, f.; homolka, dimin. cone hon, m.; hony, pl. strip of land, field hora, f; hory, PI.; horka, dimin.; hfirka, dimin. mountain horkovod, m. heating duct

20 - hornatina, f. mountains, highland horni, adj. upper hoi-ejBi, adj. upper, uppermost iostinec, m. pub, inn hotel, m. hotel hovgzi, n.; hovki, adj. beef hrad, m.; hrady, pl.; hradek, dimin. (Hradec) (fortified) castle hradigtg, n. (Hradisko) fortified settlement hranice, f.; hraniEni, adj, frontier, border hrazeny, -a, -e, adj. enclosed, fenced , m. (Hrobce) grave hruby, -a, -8,adj. rough, [hist.] big hruSka, f; hruBky, pl, pear hfbet, m.; hibety, pl. ridge hibitov, m. cemetery hi-ebEin, m. breeding stud hi-eben, m.; hiebeny, pl. crest, ridge hiiStg, n. playground husi, adj. goose hut', f;hutg, pl. ironworks hvgzda, f. star hvgzdarna, f. observatory hvozd, m. (Hvozdna) deep forest

.J jaderna elektrarna, f. n uc Iea r p owe r-st a tio n javor, m. (Javorna, Javornik) maple tree javorovy, -a, -8,adj, maple javoiina, f. maple wood jeEny, -a, -e, adj. barley jedlovy, -a, -6, adj, fir jelen, m., jeleni, adj. stag, hart jeia b, m. crane; rowan-tree, mountain ash jeskyng, t cave jezero, n.; jezerni, adj. I a Ike jiini, adj. south(ern)

K kalny, -a, -8,adj. muddy, cloudy kamen, m. (Kamenik, Kamenice); kamenny, -a, -e, adj. stone kamenolom, m. (stone) quarry, stone pit kanal, m. canal, channel kaple, f. chapel

- 21 katastralni iizemi, n. cadastral klaSter, m. (KlaSterec) monastery, convent klagterni, adj. monasterial kliE, m. key(-point) klobouk, m.; klobouky, pl. hat kluk, m. boy, stump lknihovna, f. library kniieci, adj. princely Itolsyla, f (Kobyli) mare kohout, m. cock kolo, n. wheel komaii, adj. gnat komorni, adj. chamber komornik, m. valet kopec, m.; kopeEek, dimin. hill Ikorab, m. argosy Ikoruna, f crown Itoryto, n. trough, bed Ikostel, m. (Kostelec); kostelni, adj. church kotel, m. basin kotlina, f hollow koupali8t6, n. swimming pool kout, m.; kouty, pl. corner, nook kovaisky, -a, -6, adj. smith 0s) kralove, adj. [arch.] queen's kralovsky, -a, -6, adj. (Kralovice) royal kralh, -ova, -ovo, adj. king's kras, m. karst krasny, -a, -6, adj. beautiful krasovy, -a, e, , adj. karstic kravsky, -a, -e, adj. cow('s) krkavec, m. raven kruh, m. circle kruSny, -a, -e, adj. hard, severe krvavy, -a, -e, adj. bloody, blood-red kiemel, m. flint, quartz krii, m.; kriie, pl.; kiiiovy, -a, -6, adj, cross kyselka, f. acidulous water k labut', f. swan lada, n.pl. fallow Ian, m.; Iany, pl. field, land

- 22 lanova draha, f cableway line, funicular, ropeway lanova draha kabinova, f cable-railway lanova draha pro piepravu materialu, f freight funicular lanova draha sedaEkova, f chair lift Iazn8, fpl. spa, watering place IeEebny, -a, -6, adj. sanitary, medical lehky, -a, -e, adj, light les, m.; lesy, pl. (Polesi); lesni, adj. wood, forest Ieto, n.; letni, adj, summer Ihota, f; Ihotka, dimin. [hist.] village settled under preferential conditions by temporary tax-free inhabitants Ii bq, -a, -e, adj. dear, pleasant lipa, f;lipy, pl.; lipka, dimin. lime tree lipovy, -a, -6, adj. lime IiGEi, adj. fox IodBnice, f. shipyard loket, m. elbow, curve lom, rn. (Lomec) bend, quarry louka, f; louky, pl.; IouEky, dirnin.pl. grassland, meadow, hayfield lovecky, -a, -6, adj. hunting IuEina, f. mead, grassland luh, m.; luiny, -a, -e, adj. (Podluii) meadow luka, n.p/. meadow lysy, -a, -e, adj. bald, bare

M maly, -a, -e, adj, small mariansky, -a, -8, adj. (Our) Lady-, Virgin Mary's medvitdi, adj. bear's m&sto, n.; mitsteEko, dimin. (Mitstec) town, townlet mBstska East, f. part of a town mgstsky obvod, rn. district, bailiwick mezii-iEi, n. area demarcated from several rivers mily, -a, -e, adj. dear mistni East, f local part of a settlement mlady, -a, -e, adj. young mlyn, m.; mlyny, pl. (Mlynec); mlynsw, -a, -e, adj. mill mnich, in. monk mnichiv, -ova, -ovo, adj. monk's moEaI, m. bog, marsh, swamp modry, -a, -e, adj. blue

23 - mohyla, f turn u I u s, bar row mokr\j, -a, -6, adj, wet mokiina, f; mokPiny, pl. wet ground, wetland moravsky, -a, -e, ad;. Moravian most, n~.;mosty, pl.; mostek, dim.; mirstek, dirnin. bridge motel, rn. motel mureuni, n. museum myslivna, f. g a mekee pe r's I od g e mytina, f. clearing, glade myto, n. toll, dctty

N na, prep. in nabieii, n. quay nad, prep. above, on,upon nadraii, n. railway station nakladove nadraii, n. goods station, freight station naIezi36, n. finding place namesti, /J. square, place narodni park, m. national park narodni piirodni pamatla, f. national monument of nature narodni piirodni rezeivace, f. national wildlife preserve navrsi, n. I( I1 0 I I nemocnice, f. hospital nizky, -a, -8, ad;, low niiina, f. lowlands tiocl e h a rii a, f. lodging h o LI se novy, -a, -e, adj. new

0 , f. municipality oblast, f. region, area obora, f.; obory, pi. enclosure, preserve obrazarna, f. art gallery obytna zastavba, f lio LI s in g (estate) ochoz, n7. gallery, by-pass ochranne pasmo, n. preventive zone odkaliSt6, n. settling basin odpad, 177. waste, refuse odpoEivka, f resting place, rest area odval, m. mineral pile, dump, heap, refuse okres, m. district, county olSe, f (015;) alder tree

- 24 olsina, f. alder wood osika, f aspen tree osobni, ad;. personal ostroh, in. headland ostrov, rn. () island ostrj/, -a, -e, ad;. sharp ovoce, n.; ovocny, -a, -8,ad;, fruit ozdravovna, f health resort, convalescent home ozubnice, f cog-railway, rack-railway P pahorek, m.; pahorky, pl. sma I I hi1I pahorkatina, f. hilly country pamatnik, rn. memoria I pancif, rn. armour (-plate) panensky, -a, -e, adj. virginal panev, m. basin pansky, -a, -e, ad;. manorial parkoviSt6, n. parking (place) paseka, f; , pl, clearing, glade pastvina, f.; pastviny, pl. pasture pec, f. stove, furnace pisetny, -a, -e, adj. sandy) pisek, rn. sand piskovna, f sand-pit piskovy, -a, -6, ad;, sandy planina, f. p Ia tea u, ta b I e-I a nd plany, -a, -8,ad;. idle, barren ple8, f baldhead plosina, f. plateau plovarna, f. swimming-pool plynovod, rn. gas-main, gas pipeline pod, prep. below podhradi, n. extramural settlement below a castle podhhii, n. slopes pohled, in.;pohledy, pl. sight, view pohofi, n. range (of mountains) pole, n.; polni, adj. field poledni, adj. midday, [hist.] southern police, f.; poliEka, dimin. shelf, cupboard polom, rn. forest area damaged by wind pomezi, n.; pomezni, adj. confines, borderland

- 25 - pomnik, rn. monument potok, m.; potirEky, dimin.pl. brook, creek potrava, f; potravinaisky, -a, -e, adj. food poustevna, f. (Pustevny) hermitage praded, m. grandfather pramen, m.; prameny, pl. fountain, spring pram, m.; pramovy, -a, -6, adj. ferryboat prolaltlina, f. depression propast, f. chasm, abyss prostor, rn. space, area prostiedni, adj, middle, medium prfimysl, m. industry pr0myslovy podnik, rn. plant, works, enterprise prirplav, rn. canal prfismyk, rn. pass pfedmgsti, n. suburb pi-edni, ad;, fore, front piehrada, f. barrage, dam piirodni, adj. n atu ra I piirodni divadlo, n. open-air theatre pfirodni pamatka, f. monument of nature pfirodni rezervace, f wildlife preserve, natural (p)reserve piistav, rn. port, docks piistaviSt6, n. landing place piivoz, rn. ferry pusty, -a; -e, ad;, desert, waste

R , f. town hall, city hall rameno, n. arm; river branch rany, -a, -8,adj. early raSeliniSt8, n. peatbog regent, rn. regent rekreace, f.; rekreatni, adj. recreation rezervace, f. ( p)reserve; reservation roh, rn. corner, horn rokle, f. gorge, ravine role, f. acres, field ropovod, m. pipeline, oil conduit rovina, f. plain, flat rozhledna, f. look-out, outlook-tower rozvalina, f. ruin(s)

- 26 - rozvodna, f substation ruda, f.; rudny, -a, -e, adj. ore rybnik, m. (RybniSti.) pond, lake R Peka, f. (PoiiEi) river iige, f. empire (Reich) s sad, m.; sady, pl. orchard, public gardens sanatorium, n. sanatorium sedlo, n. saddleback senik, m. hayloft severni, adj. north(ern) sidliSt6, n. housing estate silaini stavba, f. silo silnice, f. road, highway, route skala, f;skaly, pl.; skalka, dimin. (Skalice) rock skalni, adj. roc k(y) skanzen, m. open-air museum sklad, m. store, stock skladka, f. tip, dump slany, -a, -e, adj, salt(y) slatina, L bog slezsky, -a, -e, adj. Silesian sloup, m. pole, post, shaft, column sluneEny, -a, -6, adj. sunny smrEina, f.; smrtiny, pl. spruce wood smrk, m.; smrEek, dimin. spruce sni.iny, -a, -e, adj. snow(y) sobotka, fdim. Saturday socialni, adj. socia I sokol, m. falcon solny, -a, -6, adj, salt(y) sou9, f. dry land soutgska, f. defile, pass, gorge spaleny, -a, -e, adj. burnt sportovni, adj. sporting, sport srnti, n.; srnEi, adj. roe stadion, m. stadium staj, f. stable stanice, f. station star)i, -a, -6, adj. old

- 27 - stat, m.; statni, adj. State stavebni, adj. building stolec, m. throne strari, f. hillside strai, f.; straie, pi. (StraiiStB) guard strainy, -a, -e, adj. watch, guard(ia n) strojirenstvi, n.; strojirensky, -a, -e, adj. engineering, machine strom, m. tree stiedni, adj. central, middle stfela, f. shot stielnice, f. shooting-range stiibro, n.; stfibrny, -a, -6, adj. silver studanka, f. (Studenka, Studenky) fountain, well studeny, -a, -8,adj. cold studna, f. (Studnice); studnihy, -a, -6, adj, well suchy, -a, -e, adj. dry svaty, -a, -6, adj. holy, saint svgt, m. world svgtec, m. saint svBtly, -a, -6, adj. light svoboda, f. freedom, liberty svobodn\j, -a, -e, adj. free synagoga, f. synagogue

$D $D Sachta, f. shaft, pit Gance, f. chance, hope Gance, f.pl. fortification Gipka, f. dart, bolt Siroky, -a, -6, adj. wide, broad Bkola, f. school SpiEak, m. tine, pick, eyetooth GtBd~,-a, -e, adj, generous Stit, m.; Stity, pi. shield, peak Gtola, f. drift, gallery Sumny, -a, -e, adj. pretty

T taboiiGtB, n. camping ground, encampment tabule, f table taneEnice, f. danceuse tBlocvitna, f. gymnasium tepelna elektrarna, f. thermal power plant (station)

- 28 - teplarna, f. heating station teplovod, m. heating duct teply, -a, -e, adj. (, TepliEka) warm tetiev, m. wood grouse textilni, ad;. textile tEnivE, f. head frame, head-gear tower tichy, -a, -e, adj, silent, still, quiet tis, m.; tisovy, -a, -e, adj. yew tree tmavy, -a, -6, ad;. dark t ra nsf o rmovn a. f. substation, transformer station (yard) travnik, m. lawn trh, m.; trhovy, -a, -e, adj, market trn, m.; trnovy, -a, -6, adj. thorn troska, f.; trosky, pl, wreck, ruin ti-ida, f. class; road, avenue turisticky, -a, -e, adj. tourist(s'), touring tyn, m. [hist.] (Tynec, Tyniste) stronghold, enclosed place, fenced court, yard

M u, prep. at uEiliStB, n. educational establishment udoli, n.; udolni, adj. valley uhersky, -a, -8,adj. Hungarian uhli, n.; uhelny, -a, -e,,adj. coal uhlif, m.; uhliisky, -a, -6, adj coalman, collier ujezd, m. [hist.] (Ujezdec) riding ulice, f. street upravna pitne vody, f. waterworks ustav, m. institute usti, n. mouth, estuary utery, n. Tuesday uval, m.; livaly, pl. dale Gzky, -a, -e, ad;, narrow v v, prep. in Val, m.; valy, pl. mound, line valakky, -a, -8,adj. Valachian vapenka, f. Ii meki In vapno, n.; vapenny, -a, -6, adj, lime velky, -a, -8, adj. large, big, great

- 29 vepiove, n.; vepfovy, -6, -e, adj. pork, swine ves, f. (Vesce) village veseli, n. merriment. merrymaking vesely, -a, -6, adj, merry vBtrnik, m. windmill vBtrny, -a, -e, adj. wind(y) vBi, f. tower vir, m. whirl viSliovy, -a, -8,adj. morello vitgzny, -a, -e, adj. winning, victorious vladai, rn. sovereign, prince vlEi, adj. wolf's, wolfish voda, f.; vodni, adj. water vodni nadri, f. water reservoir vodojem, m. water tank, water reservoir, water tower vodopad, m. waterfall vojensky, -a, -6, adj. military, arrny vrch, m.; vrchy, pl. hill vrchovina, f.; vrchoviny, pl. highlands, uplands viesoviStB, n. heath vychodni, adj, east(ern) vydra, f. otter vyhled, m.; vyhledy, pl. view vyhlidka, f. view point vysilaE, m. transmitter vysluni, n. sunny side vysoky, -a, -e, adj. high, tall vystaviStB, n. exhibition g round(s) vySina, f. height, elevation vySkove silo, n. silo vySSi, adj. higher vyzkum, m.; vyzkumny, -a, -e, adj. research z zadni, adj, hinder, back zahrada, f; zahradky, dimin.pl. garden zakladni sidelni jednotka, f. elementary settlement unit zamek, m.; zameEek, dimin. castle zapadni, adj, west(ern) zasobnik, m. reservoir zastavlta, f. (whistle) stop zavodiSt8, n. race course

- 30 - zavrt, m. sinkhole zeleny, -a, -e, adj. green zem6d8lsky podnik, m. farm zima, f.; zimni, adj. winter zlaty, -a, -e, adj. gold, golden zoologicka zahrada, f. zoological garden zotavovna, f. convalescent home zi-icenina, f. ruin zfidlo, n. (mineral) spring zvon, m. bell zvonice, f. belfry, bell-tower 2 War, m. [hist.] by deforestation burned-off piece of forest iebrak, m. beggar ieleznieni stanice, f, railway station ZelezniEni zastavka, f. railway stop ielezo, n.; ielezny, -a, -e, adj. iron iidovskv, -a, -e, adj. Jewish ileb, in;ileby, pl. gully, glen altvd. a ltva d u kt kam. ka meno lo m arch .nalez. arch eologic ke na I eziSt6 kan. kana1 artstd. arteska studna kap. kaple

b. bouda, boudy, horska bouda It1 I klaSter bot. botel Itnih. It n i h ovn a camp. camping kop. Ikopec CCSH cirkev Eeskoslovenslta husitska Itor. ltoryto ch. chata, chaty, chatova kolonie kost. ltostel ch.u. chranBne uzemi kost.vBi ltostelni vBi CHI

- 32 odv. odval sed. sedlo odp. odpad sedaE. lanova draha sedaekova odpoE. o d poE iv ka sen. senik okr. okres sidl. sid I iSt6 ostr. ostrov sil. silaini stavba ozdr. ozdravovna skan. skanzen ozub. ozubnice skl. sklad, skladka P. potok sout. souteska pah. pahorek, pahorkatina st. stanice pa m. pamatnik stad. stadion park. pa rkov iSt6 stiel. stielnice pas. paseka SYng. synagoga pisk. piskovna Sach. 9achta plan. planina 9k. Skola pl09. ploSina St. Stola plov. plova rna tab. ta boiiSt6 plynv. plynovod GI. t6locviEna poh. pohoii tepel.el. tepel na ele ktra rna pom. pomnik tepl. teplarna PP piirodni pamatka teplov. teplovod PR piirodni rezervace t6i.vei t6in i vBi Pr. prBsmyk trf. transformoviia prm. pramen ti. tiida Prop. pro pa st UE. uEiliStB prost. p rosto r ud. udoli prlim. prlimysl UI. ulice prBm.pod. p r li myslovy pod n ik iipr.pit.vody upravna pitne vody pr0p. prliplav list. ilstav pfedm. pi-edmgsti V. vrch, vrchy piehr. piehrada vap. vapenka piir.div. p iirodn i diva d lo vdj. vod oje in piist. pi-istav, piistaviSt6 vdp. vodopad piiv. piivoz vBtr.el. v6trna elektrarna ra9. ragel iniSt6 vod.el. vod n i e lekt ra rna rez. rezervace v0d.n. vodni nadri ropv. ropovod vrch. v rc hovi na rov. rovina vies. viesoviSt6 rozhl. rozh Ied na vysil. vysil a% rozv. rozvalina vyst. vystavi9tB rozvd. rozvod na vySk.silo vjl9kove silo ryb. rybn ilc 2. ieleznitni zastavlca i. ieka zahr. zahrada san. sanatorium zam. zamek

- 33 - zasob. zasobnik ziic. ziicenina zast. 2elezniEni zastavka ziid. ziidlo zav. zavodibtg ZSJ zakladni sidelni jednotka zem6d.pod. zern6dglsky podnik zvon. zvonice zo 0 zoologicka zahrada ist. ielezniEni stanice zot. zotavovna

arch. archeologicky, -a, -e P. Pod astr. astronomicky, -a, -e pol. polni aut. autobusovy, -a, -e potr. potravinaisky, -a, -e biol. biologicky, -a, -e pram. pramovy, -a,-e chem. chemicky, -a, -e prosti. prostred n i chran. chrangny, -a, -e pied. piedni civ. civilni piir. piirodn i Eer. Eerny, -a, -e rekr. rekreatni Eerv. terveny, -a, -e sev. severni Ees. Eesky, -a, -e skal. skalni d I. dlouhy, -ti, -6 slez. slezsky, -a, -e dol. dolni SOC. soci a In i d rev. diev6ny, -a, -e sol. solny, -a, -e evang. evangelicky, -a, -e sport. sportovni geol. geologicky, -a, -e st. star?, -a, -e hl. hlavni stat. statni hlb. hluboky, -a,-6 staveb. stavebn i hor. horni stroj. strojirensky, -a, -e h ra nit. h ra niCn i str. stiedni jii. jiini sv. svaty, -a, -e kam. kamenny, -a, -e text. textilni kral. kralovsky, -a, -e tur. turisticky, -a, -6 IBE. IeEebny, -a, -e lid. udolni leh. lehky, -a, -e usaz. u sa zova c i let. letni vel. velky, -a, -e lov. lovecky, -a, -e voj. vojensky, -a, -e m. maly, -a, -e vych. vyc hodn i mor. moravskv, -a, -e vys. vysoky, -a, -e n. nad vys. vyssi n. novy, -a, -e vyzk. vyzkumny, -a, -e nakl. nakladovy, -a, -e zad. zadni n iz. nizky, -a, -e zap. za pad n i odkal. odkalovaci zel. zeleny, -a, -e 0s. osobni zim. zimni ov. ovocny, -a, -e iid. iidovsky, -a, --e

-34-