P-343-SGEPL-DISTILLERY-102018 DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) REPORT FOR PROPOSED ESTABLISHMENT OF 60 KLPD MULTI FEED (MOLASSES OR GRAIN BASED DISTILLERY) BY
SURVEY NO. 479/2, VILLAGE- BHIMASAR, TAL: ANJAR, DIST.: KUTCH, GUJARAT STATE
PREPARED BY
TM
EQUINOX ENVIRONMENTS (I) PVT. LTD., ENVIRONMENTAL; CIVIL & CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, CONSULTANTS & ANALYSTS, KOLHAPUR (MS) E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] AN ISO 9001 : 2015 & QCI - NABET ACCREDITED ORGANIZATION
2019 - 2020 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am extremely thankful to the management of Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd., (SGEPPL), located at Survey No. 479/2, Village- Bhimasar, Taluka - Anjar, Dist.- Kutch, Gujarat State for entrusting assignments of the draft EIA studies and Environmental Clearance procurement in respect of propose Establishment of 60 KLPD Multifeed distillery (Molasses or grain based Distillery). It was indeed a great experience to have interactions, involvement and discussions with the management and technical experts of SGEPPL. Their knowledge and co-operation as well as support given during the draft EIA Report preparation impressed me a lot. Sharing of thoughts and planning with Mr. Dayabhai B. Rabari Director of SGEPPL was always an interesting thing during the course of assignment. Thank you very much sir!
Prompt response as well as help from Mr. Dayabhai L. Rabari; Manager Operation during providing certain information, documentation and data related to the production, processes and details of manufacturing is duly appreciated. Also, the co-operation of staff of SGEPPL is duly acknowledged here. I must thank our Technical Directors and In-house Functional Area Experts Prof. (Dr.) Jay Samant, Dr. Anuradha J. Samant, as well as our other Empanelled Functional Area Experts Dr. J. B. Pishte, Mr. Vinod Sahasrabuddhe, B. S. Lole and Mr. Vinaykumar Kurakula for their able and timely contributions in the draft EIA studies and report preparation. Despite their busy schedules in the universities, colleges and own professions, they were always available, on time, for the necessary inputs; field visits and discussions. My staff of the EIA Study Cell here must receive a commendation and credit for all the in- house management and inputs during the monitoring, report preparation and presentations. Our other In-house experts of various functional areas have also contributed their best. Last but not the least, the contributions from my non-technical staff and laboratory team is also duly appreciated here.
DR. SANGRAM GHUGARE Chartered Engineer Chairman & MD Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL); Kolhapur
II CAUTION
The information, data, figures, flow charts and drawings in respect of manufacturing processes, mass balance, chemical reactions, production layouts and instrumentation details included in this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report are the sole property of Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd., (SGEPPL) located at Survey No. 479/2, Village- Bhimasar, Taluka- Anjar, Dist.- Kutch, Gujarat State. Some of the products, reactions and process methodologies may be patented. The style and format of this Draft EIA Report as well as the data, processing and presentations of various environmental features, environmental management planning; designs; drawings; plates; calculations, demonstrations on attributes towards pollution control and abatement aspects etc. are the intellectual property of M/s. Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL); Kolhapur.] All maps (District, State, Country etc.) enclosed in this reports for referring information are purely indicative, graphical & not to scale. Under no circumstances, any part of this report may be used; reproduced; translated; recorded or copied in any form and manner except by the Govt. authorities requiring this report for taking decisions, based on details and information provided in same, during the Environmental Clearance procedure carried out as per EIA Notification No. S.O. 1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006 as amended from time to time.
Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL); Kolhapur Environmental and Civil Engineers, Consultants & Analysts ISO 9001: 2015 & QCI-NABET accredited Organization
III CERTIFICATE
Declaration by Expert contributing to the Draft EIA in respect of proposed Establishment of 60 KLPD Multifeed (Molasses or Grain based) Distillery plant by Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd., (SGEPPL), located at Survey No. 479/2, Village- Bhimasar, Tal: Anjar, Dist.: Kutch, Gujarat State.
We, hereby, certify that we were a part of the Draft EIA team in the following capacities that developed the above EIA.
EIA Outward No. P-343-SGEPPL-DISTILERY-102018 EIA Coordinators Name :Dr. Sangram Ghugare
Period of Involvement : September 2018 – January 2019 Contact Information :[email protected]
Functional Area Expert:
Functional Name of the Involvement No. Signature Area expert/s (Period & Task) 1 WP Dr. Sangram September 2018 to January 2019 Ghugare Study of process and operations Site visit and finalization of water sampling locations Preparation of water balance and identification of wastewater generation. Evaluation of water pollution & control management Identification of impacts, suggestion and finalization of mitigation measures 2 EB Prof. (Dr.) Jay October 2018 – December 2018 Samant Selection of Site for conducting ecological & biodiversity status of the study region. Interaction with Govt. offices and agencies for certain secondary data and information pertaining to region specific issues Study of terrestrial fauna by sighting, noting pug-marks, calls, sounds, droppings, nests and burrows etc. Interaction with local residents for obtaining information about various species of animals and birds usually
IV Functional Name of the Involvement No. Signature Area expert/s (Period & Task) observed their existence and importance in the study region. Review of rules, legislation and criteria towards knowing and understanding inclusion in the study region of any eco-sensitive zones, wild life sanctuary. Collection, compilation and presentation of the data as well as incorporation of same in to the EIA report. 3 SE Dr. Anuradha October 2018 – December 2018 Samant Collection of data on socio- economic aspects in study area through surveys. Public opinions and recording of events for future industrialization in the study area. Study of sociological aspects like human settlement, demographic and infrastructural facilities available in study area. Compilation of primary and secondary data and its inclusion in EIA report. 4 AP Mr. Yuvraj September 2018 – January 2019 Damugade Involved in detailed study of mass balance w.r.t. raw materials & products especially from view point of process emissions. Site visit and finalization sampling locations. Planning & identifying the most appropriate air pollution control equipment from view points of efficiencies, capital as well as O & M cost & suitability. Identification of impact and suggesting the mitigation measures. 5 AQ Mr. Yuvraj September 2018 – January 2019 Damugade Designing of Ambient AQM network for use in prediction modeling and micro metrological data development. Development and application of air quality models in prediction of pollutant dispersion, Plotting of isopleths of GLCs,
V Functional Name of the Involvement No. Signature Area expert/s (Period & Task) Worst case scenarios prediction w.r.t. source and receptors. 6 HG Dr. J.B. Pishte October 2018- January 2019 Hydro geological studies, data processing; analysis and evaluation, Ground water table measurement and monitoring network methodology preparation. 7 GEO Planning and scheduling of groundwater sampling stations in the region. Study of geology & general geological configuration of the region as well as sub-surface geology. Determination of impact and suggesting mitigation measures. 8 SHW Mr. Vinay October 2018- December 2018 Kumar Detailed study of manufacturing Kurakula process and mass balance. Solid wastes generation in different steps of manufacturing was identified and their quantification done was checked. Identification of various hazardous wastes generated through manufacturing process. Practices of storage and disposal of HW its impact and mitigation measures. 9 RH Mr. Vinod October 2018- December 2018 Sahasrabuddhe All the necessary literature for processes storage of hazardous chemicals was studied before visit. Site visit and Verification of adequacy of on-site emergency preparedness plan for proposed unit was done. Identification of probable emergencies and procedures for preparedness for handling the same was verified. Worst case analysis by using ALOHA, Ware house safety measures, suggestion of mitigation measures.
VI Functional Name of the Involvement No. Signature Area expert/s (Period & Task) 10 NV Mr. Vinay October 2018- December 2018 Kumar Verification of noise levels Monitoring Kurakula (both work zone and ambient) in the industrial premises and study region Finalization and verification of sampling locations, ambient noise monitoring stations and the data 11 LU collected. Land use land cover mapping using NRSC Satellite image, Satellite image processing, Image classification, Technical analysis and study for setting up of facility, planning of storage facility. 12 SC Mr. B. S.Lole October 2017- December 2018 Involvement physical analysis & characterization of the soils. Identification of Impact and its mitigation measures Interpretation of soil analysis, results and data including comparison of same with standard soil classification. Collection, study and evaluation of soil information from data obtained from secondary sources & its interpretation.
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/authorized person:
I, M/s. Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL); Kolhapur, Environmental & Civil Engineers, Consultants and Analysts., hereby confirm that the above mentioned experts were involved in preparation of Draft EIA and Executive Summary in respect of proposed 60 KLPD Multifeed (molasses or grain based) distillery. by Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd., (SGEPPL) located at Survey No. 479/2, Village- Bhimasar, Taluka- Anjar, Dist- Kutch, Gujarat.
I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any mis-leading information mentioned in this statement.
Signature:
Name: Dr. Sangram Ghugare
Designation: Chairman & MD
Name of the EIA Consultant Organization: M/s. Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL); Kolhapur, Maharashtra.
NABET Certificate No. & Issue Date: NABET/EIA/1518/SA 063 dated June 1.2018
VIII ABBREVIATIONS
AAQM Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ACF Activated Carbon Filter AP Air Pollution AQ Air Quality BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CGWB Central Ground Water Board CMD Cubic Meter per Day CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide. COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPU Condensate Pollution Unit CREP Corporate Responsibility For Environmental Protection CSR Corporate Sector Responsibility CTE Consent to Establish CTO Consent to Operate CWC Central Water Commission dB (A) Decibel (Ambient) DG Diesel Generator DIRD Directorate of Irrigation Research and Development DO Dissolved Oxygen EAC Expert Appraisal Committee EB Ecological Biodiversity EC Environmental Clearance EEIPL Equinox Environments India Pvt. Ltd. EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plant ENA Extra Neutral Alcohol EPA Environmental Protection Act ETP Effluent Treatment Plant GEO Geology SGEPPL Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd., GLC Ground Level Conservation GSDA Ground Water Survey and Development Agency HG Hydrology, Ground Water and Water Conservation HSD High Speed Diesel IMD Indian Metrological Department IRS Indian Remote Sensing IS Indian Standards ISO International Organization For Standardization KL Kilo Liter KLPD Kilo Liter per Day KVA Kilo Volt Ampere LC Land Cover LU Land Use
IX MEE Multiple Effect Evaporator MoEFCC Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change GPCB Gujarat Pollution Control Board MT Metric Tone N North NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NE North-East NOx Oxides of Nitrogen NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units NV Noise and Vibration O&M Operation and Maintenance OHSAS Occupational Health and Safety Management System Standards. PLC Programmable Logic Controller PM Particulate Matter PP Project Proponent PSF Pressure Sand Filter RO Reverse Osmosis RS Rectified spirits SC Soil conservation SE Socio - Economic SEIAA State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SHE Safety and Health Environment SHW Solid and Hazardous Waste SO2 Sulphur Dioxide SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SS Suspended Solids STP Sewage Treatment Plant SW South -west SWD Side Water Depth TCD Tones Crushing Per Day TDS Total Dissolved Solids ToR Terms of References TPH Tones Per Hour W West
X CONFIGURATION OF REPORT
Chapter 1 - Introduction This chapter is an introductory chapter, presenting the background information of the project, its location, objective of project, scope of study and documentation and compliance of ToRs. Chapter 2 - Project Description
This chapter deals with technology and process to be used for the proposed expansion of the project. It also deals with the sources of pollution and mitigation measures under proposed activities.
Chapter 3 - Description of the Environment In this chapter, study of various attributes of environment such as Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Land Use Pattern, Geology, Hydro-geology and Ecology is carried out so as to describe the existing environmental status. Also, present social status is discussed to know if there are any sensitive issues in the area. Chapter 4 - Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
This chapter presents the conclusion drawn by studying the impact considering both the pre - project and post project scenario. It describes the sum impact of the proposed project and mitigation measures for abatement of the pollution. Chapter 5 - Analysis of Alternatives
Various alternatives in terms of site selection and technology to be used are discussed in this chapter and the environment friendly and best suited technology is selected for the proposed distillery project. Chapter 6 - Environmental Monitoring Program This chapter deals with the planning of Environmental Monitoring Program both during construction phase and operational phase to assess the performance of pollution control equipments to be installed. Chapter 7 - Additional Studies This chapter illustrates the possible risk area under the proposed distillery project and the safety and disaster management plan prepared to mitigate the same. Chapter 8 - Project Benefits
This chapter describes the predictable benefits due to proposed distillery. Chapter 9 - Environmental Management Plan This chapter deals with the protection and mitigation measures for abatement of pollution after execution of the project. It also deals with the roles and responsibilities of the environmental management cell for proper implementation of the Environmental Management Plan. Chapter 10 - Summary and Conclusion This chapter summarizes the conclusion of the Draft EIA report.
Chapter 11 - Disclosure of Consultant Organization In this chapter the name and brief resume of the consultant organization engaged in preparation of the Draft EIA report is presented.
XI CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION 1-14 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Project & the Proponent 1 1.3 The Place 2 1.4 Importance to Country & Region 4 1.5 Scope of the Study 5
CHAPTER 2 – PROJECT DESCRIPTION 15-40 2.1 Type of the Project 15 2.2 Need of the Project 15 2.2.1 Employment Generation Potential 15 2.2.2 Potential of the Products 15 2.3 Project Location 15 2.3.1 Site History 17 2.4 Details of Land Requirement 17 2.5 Project Operations, Approvals & Implementation 17 2.5.1 Plan for Approval and Implementation Schedule 18 2.6 Technology and Process Description 18 2.6.1 Products 18 2.6.2 Raw Materials 19 2.6.3 Raw Material and Product Transportation Details 19 2.6.4 Manufacturing Process – Molasses based 20 2.6.5 Manufacturing Process- Grain based 22 2.6.6 Storage Details 26 2.6.7 Manufacturing Process for Captive Power Plant 28 2.7 Sources of pollution and mitigation measures 29 2.7.1 Water Pollution 29 2.7.1.1 Fresh Water Adequacy 30 2.7.1.2 Domestic Effluent 31 2.7.1.3 Industrial Effluent 31 2.7.2 Air Pollution 34 2.7.2.1 Fugitive Emission 35 2.7.2.2 Process Emission 35 2.7.3 Solid Waste 35 2.7.4 Hazardous Wastes 35 2.7.5 Noise Pollution 36 2.7.5.1 Sources of Noise Pollution 36 2.7.6 Odour Pollution 36 2.7.7 Land Pollution 37 2.7.8 Budgetary Allocation by industrial towards Environmental Protection 37 2.8 Green belt development plan 38
XII 2.8.1 Proposed Tree Plantation 38 2.8.2 Criteria for Green Belt Development 38 2.9 Rain water harvesting 39
CHAPTER 3 – DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 41-109 3.1 Introduction 41 3.2 Land Use and Land Cover (LU & LC) 41 3.2.1 Scope of Work 41 3.2.2 Study Area & Location 41 3.2.3 Purpose of Land Use Mapping 41 3.2.4 Land use Map Analysis 42 3.2.5 Methodology for LU & LC Study 42 3.3 Land Use Studies 46 3.3.1 Land Use of Study Area 46 3.3.2 Topographical Features 49 3.3.3 Land use Map 51 3.3.4 Settlement Map 52 3.3.5 Eco- Sensitive Map 53 3.4 Soil Characteristics 54 3.4.1 Introduction 54 3.4.2 Soil Quality: Present status 54 3.4.3 Methodology 54 3.4.3.1 Methodology of Data Generation 55 3.4.3.2 Sources of Information 55 3.4.4 Comments on soil characteristics 56 3.4.5 Physical characters 58 3.4.6. Chemical Characters 59 3.5 Drainage and Geomorphology 65 3.5.1 Methodology 65 3.5.1.1 Literature Review 65 3.5.2 Data Generation and Analysis 66 3.5.2.1 Hydrogeology 66 3.5.2.2 Geology 66 3.6 Geology morphology and Drainage 66 3.6.1 Geomorphology 66 3.6.2 Drainage 66 3.6.3 Geology & Hydrogeology 69 3.6.3.1 Geology 69 3.6.3.2 Hydrogeology 71 3.7 Meteorology 74 3.7.1 Introduction 74 3.7.2 Methodology 74 3.7.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation 74 3.7.2.2 Sources of information 75
XIII 3.8 Air Quality 75 3.8.1 Introduction 75 3.8.2 Methodology 75 3.8.2.1 Selection of Sampling Locations 75 3.8.2.2 Parameters, Frequency and Analysis Methods for AAQ 76 Monitoring 3.8.3 Presentation of Results 76 3.8.4 Observation 78 3.9 Water Quality 78 3.9.1 Introduction 78 3.9.2 Methodology 78 3.9.2.1 Methodology of Data generation 78 3.9.3 Sampling Procedure for Primary Data Generation 79 3.9.4 Presentation of Results 80 3.9.4.1 Surface water 80 3.9.4.2 Ground water 81 3.10 Noise Level Survey 83 3.10.1 Introduction 83 3.10.2 Identification of sampling locations 84 3.10.2.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring stations 84 3.10.2.2 Method of Monitoring 86 3.10.2.3 Standards for Noise Levels 86 3.10.3 Presentation of Results 87 3.10.3.1 Observation 87 3.11 Socio- Economic Profile 87 3.11.1 Introduction 87 3.11.2. Methodology 88 3.11.3 Results and Discussion 88 3.11.4 observations 92 3.11.5 Expectation of Respondents from SGEPPL 92 3.11.6 Conclusion 93 3.11.7 Suggestion for Environmental Management Plan and Corporate 93 Environment Responsibilities 3.12 Ecology 93 3.12.1 Study Area 93 3.12.2 Methodology 94 3.12.3 Ecology 95 3.12.3.1 Field Observations 95 3.12.3.2 Questionnaire survey 96 3.12.4 Biodiversity 96 3.12.4.1 Field Observations 96 3.12.4.2 Questionnaire survey 97
XIV 3.12.5 Environmental Impact of Proposed Project on Ecology and Biodiversity 98 in the region. 3.12.5.1 Green Belt 98 3.12.5.2 CER Activity 98
CHAPTER 4 – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 109-160 4.1 Introduction 109 4.2 Construction Phase 109 4.3 Operation Phase 114 4.3.1 Impact on Air Quality 117 4.3.1.1 GLC Evaluation through Air Dispersion Modeling 117 4.3.1.2 Mitigation Measures 126 4.3.2 Impact on Climate 128 4.3.3 Impact on Water Resources 128 4.3.3.1 Surface water (Quality & Quantity) 128 4.3.3.2 Calculations for Quantification of Impact on Stream 130 4.3.3.3 Ground water (Quality & Quantity) 134 4.3.3.4 Mitigation Measures 135 4.3.4 Impact on Hydro-Geology 137 4.3.4.1 Mitigation Measures 137 4.3.5 Impact of Solid and Hazardous wastes 137 4.3.5.1 Mitigation Measures 138 4.3.6 Impact on Soil and Agriculture 140 4.3.6.1 Mitigation Measures 141 4.3.7 Impact on Noise Levels 141 4.3.7.1 Mitigation Measures 143 4.3.8 Impact of Vibration 144 4.3.9 Impact on Land use 144 4.3.9.1 Mitigation Measures 144 4.3.10 Impact on Ecology and Bio- diversity 144 4.3.10.1 Mitigation Measures 145 4.3.11 Occupational Health and safety 145 4.3.11.1 Mitigation Measures 146 4.3.13 Impact on Historical Places 146 4.4 Evaluation Of Impact 146 4.4.1 Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) 146 4.5 Impacts due to Decommissioning Activity 159 4.5.1 Decommissioning Phase 159
CHAPTER 5 - ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE & TECHNOLOGY 162-163
5.1 Introduction 162 5.2 Analysis of alternative sites 162 5.3 Alternative Technologies 162 5.3.1 Fermentation Process 162
XV 5.3.2 Distillation Process 162 5.3.3 Analysis of Alternative Technology for Abating Pollution 163 5.3.4 Captive Power plant 163
CHAPTER 6 – ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM 164-175 6.1 Introduction 164 6.2 Monitoring Program during Construction Phase 164 6.3 Monitoring during post construction post Construction / operational phase 164 6.3.1 Air Pollution Management 165 6.3.2 Water Management 165 6.3.3 Noise Level Management 166 6.3.4 Land Management 166 6.3.5 Odour Management 167 6.3.6 Dust Management 167 6.3.7 Operation control and equipment maintenance 167 6.3.8 Occupational Health & Safety Measures 168 6.3.9 Measures For Socio-Economic Development 169 6.3.9.1 Better Employment Opportunities 169 6.3.9.2 Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) Plan 169 6.3.9.3 Proposed Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) plan by 169 SGEPPL 6.3.9.4 Measures for Improvement of Ecology 171 6.4 Environmental Monitoring Program Schedule 171 6.5 Compliance With Crep Guidelines 175
CHAPTER 7- ADDITIONAL STUDIES 176-184 7.1 Public Consultation 176 7.2 R & R Action Plan 176 7.3 Potential and major hazards in distillery plant 176 7.4 Observation and scope of the report 176 7.4.1 Objective of the Risk and Hazard analysis 176 7.4.2 Methodology 176 7.4.2.1 Identify hazards based on 176 7.4.2.2 Hazard Assessment 176 7.4.2.3 Recommendations 177 7.5 Hazardous Identification 177 7.5.1 Mitigation Measures to avoid accidents 177 7.6 Distillation Plant 178 7.6.1 Hazardous Identification: Molasses storage 178 7.6.1.1 Mitigation Measures 179 7.6.2 Hazardous identification: Production of Alcohol 180 7.6.2.1 Hazardous Identification: Alcohol storage 180 7.6.2.2 Qualitative Risk Analysis 180 7.6.2.3 Mitigation Measures 181 7.6.2.4 Quantitative Risk Analysis 181
XVI 7.7 On- Site Emergency Plan 181 7.8 Occupational health aspects and medical provision in the factory 183 7.8.1 Effect of Alcohol on health 183 7.8.2 Medical check –up 183 7.8.3 Occupational Health Center: OHC 183 7.9 EHS Policy 184
CHAPTER 8 – PROJECT BENEFITS 185-186 8.1 Introduction 185 8.1.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure 185 8.1.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure 185 8.2 Employment potential 185 8.3 Other Tangible Benefits 186
CHAPTER 9 – ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLANT (EMP) 187-193 9.1 Introduction 187 9.2 Environmental Management Cell (EMC) 187 9.3 Working of Environmental Management Plan 189 9.4 Recommendation & Implementation Schedule 189 9.4.1 Summary of Recommendations 189 9.5 Environmental Post Monitoring Programmes 191 9.6 Post Environmental Monitoring Program 192 9.7 Monitoring Equipment 192
CHAPTER 10 – SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 194-198 10.1 Introduction 194 10.2 Project at a Glance 194 10.3 Process Description 195 10.3.1 Product & Raw Material 195 10.4 Sources of Pollution & Mitigation Measures 195 10.4.1 Water Pollution 195 10.4.2 Air Pollution 196 10.4.3 Noise Pollution 196 10.4.4 Solid Waste 196 10.4.5 Hazardous Waste 197 10.4.6 Odour Pollution 197 10.5 Green Belt Development 197 10.6 Environmental Monitoring Program 197 10.7 Environment Management Plan 197 10.8 Conclusion 198
CHAPTER 11 – DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS ORGANIZATION 199
11.1 The Organization 199-221
XVII ENCLOSURE- I 222-228 APPENDICES 229-245 Appendix - A Plot Layout Plan 229 Appendix - B List of Equipment 230-242 Appendix - C Water lifting permission 243 Appendix - D Stack height Calculations 244-293 Monitoring Reports 246-249 Annexure I Soil Monitoring Report 246-249 Annexure II Metrological Data 250-273 Annexure III Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Report 274-281 Annexure IV Surface water Monitoring Report 282-285 Annexure V Ground Water Monitoring Report 286-291 Annexure VI Noise Monitoring Report 292-293 Certificates & Other Documents 294-316
XVIII LIST OF TABLES
Table Table Page No. No. 1.1 Project Investment Details 1 1.2 Promoters of SGEPPL 2 1.3 Summary of Terms of Reference 5 2.1 Details of Manpower 15 2.2 Salient Features of Project Site 16 2.3 Details of Area Break up 17 2.4 Working Pattern 18 2.5 Project for Project Implementation Schedule 18 2.6 List of Equipment’s 18 2.7 List of Product & By-Product 18 2.8 List of Row Materials for Molasses and Grain based Distillery 19 2.9 Details of Molasses Transport to SGEPPL 19 2.10 Details of Grain Transport to SGEPPL 19 2.11 Details of Product Transportation 20 2.12 Details of Molasses Storage 26 2.13 Details of Grain Storage 26 2.14 Alcohol storage Details 26 2.15 Details of DDGS & DWGS Storage26 2.16 Details of water consumption in distillery 30 2.17 Effluent Generation from Molasses based Distillery 31 2.18 Effluent Generation from Grain based Distillery 31 2.19 Dimensions of CPU 32 2.20 Details of Multiple Effect Evaporators (MEE) 33 2.21 Spentwash Characteristics 34 2.22 Details of Boiler & DG Set in SGEPPL 34 2.23 Characteristics of Fuels 34 2.24 Details of Solid Waste& Disposal 35 2.25 Hazardous Waste from the Distillery 35 2.26 Capital as well as O & M Cost towards Proposed environmental aspects 37 2.27 Area Details 38 3.1 Satellite Data Details 42 3.2 Area Statics for Land use And Land Cover Classes 47 3.3 Analytical Techniques For Soil Analysis 55 3.4 Soil Sampling Locations 55 3.5 Standard Soil Classification 56 3.6 Existing Soil Characteristics 57 3.7 Well Inventory 71 3.8 Metrological Parameters 75 3.9 AAQM location Details 76 3.10 AAQ Parameters, Monitoring Frequency and Analysis Methods 76 3.11 Summary of the AAQ Monitoring Results for Season 77
XIX Table Table Page No. No. 3.12 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) by CPCB 77 3.13 Monitoring Locations for Surface Water 79 3.14 Monitoring Location for Ground water 79 3.15 Surface Water Result 80 3.16 Ground Water Result 81 3.17 Noise Sampling Locations 84 3.18 Ambient Noise Level Standards 86 3.19 Standards for Occupational Exposure 86 3.20 OSHA Standards for Occupational Exposure 87 3.21 Ambient Noise Levels 87 3.22 Villages within 5km and 5km to 10 km radius of the project site and 88 Sample Size of respondents 3.23 Age Distribution within Sample size 89 3.24 Names of the villages visited for EB and questionnaire survey and 94 their distance from the project site 3.25 List of Birds observed during field survey 99 3.26 List of wild tree Flora observed during field survey 105 3.27 List of fauna commonly reported by the respondents during survey 105 4.1 Impact Identification and Mitigation Measures due to Construction Phase 110 4.2 Disposal of Waste Generation during Construction Phase 113 4.3 Identification of Impacts due to Operation Activities under Projects of 115 SGEPPL 4.4 Predominant Wind Directions 118 4.5 Baseline Concentrations at Site 118 4.6 GLC with Incremental Increase in SO2Values 120 4.7 GLC with Incremental Increase in PM10 values 121 4.8 GLC with Incremental Increase in PM2.5 values 122 4.9 GLC with Incremental Increase in PM10 valuesfor Non-Operation of APC 124 4.10 GLC with Incremental Increase in PM2.5valuesfor Non-Operationof APC 125 4.11 Quantification of Pollutants’Load(Distillery Spentwash) 130 4.12 Quantification of Pollutants Load (Efluent from Molasses based 130 Distillery) 4.13 Quantification of Pollutants Load (Effluent from Grain based Distillery) 130 4.14 Accidental Discharge of Raw spentwash in to Nallah 132 4.15 Accidental Discharge of Untreated Effluent (Molasses) into Nallah 133 4.16 Accidental Discharge of Untreated Effluent (Grain Based) into Nallah 133 4.17 Inland Surface water CPCB Standard 133 4.18 Waste Minimize Techniques 139 4.19 Permissible Exposure in case of contentious Noise 142 4.20 Standard in Respect of Ambient Noise Level 143 4.21 Existing Environmental Status 149 4.22 Application of BEES for impact Evaluation 153 4.23 Identification of RED flags to the potential problem area in Battelle EES 158
XX Table Table Page No. No. 4.24 The Mitigation Measures 158 4.25 Identification of impact due to decommissioning of SGEPPL 159 5.1 Technology for Abating Pollution 163 6.1 Trees with Good Canopy for Noise Attenuation 166 6.2 Health Care Facility Equipment 168 6.3 Proposed CER activities for SGEPPL 169 6.4 CSR Implementation Schedule 170 6.5 Plan for Monitoring of Environmental Attributes in and around SGEPPL 172 6.6 Environmental Monitoring Schedule within Industrial Premises 174 6.7 Environmental Monitoring Schedule Surrounding Industrial Premises 174 7.1 Possible Hazardous Locations Onsite 177 7.2 Details of Molasses storage 179 7.3 Alcohol Storage Details 180 7.4 Risk analysis 180 7.5 Effect of Ethyl Alcohol 183 9.1 Environmental Management Cell 187 9.2 Summary of Recommendations 189 9.3 Implementation Schedule 191 9.4 Statutory Compliance to be observed 192 10.1 Proejct Investment Details 194 10.2 Sailent Features of the SGEPPL project Site 194 10.3 List of Product & by product 195 10.4 List of Raw Materials for Grain based Distillery 195 10.5 Solid Waste Details 196 10.6 Hazardous Waste Details 197
XXI LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Figure Page No. No. 1.1 Location of the Project Site 3 2.1 Mass Balance and Process Flow Chart for 60 KLPD Molasses based 27 Distillery 2.2 Mass Balance and Process Flow Chart for 60 KLPD Grain based 28 Distillery 2.3 Process flow chart for Captive Power plant 29 2.4 Process Flow Diagram of CPU for Distillery 32 2.5 Cross Section of Spentwash Tank 33 3.1 Process Flow Chart 43 3.2 Google Image Showing Study Area 44 3.3 Satellite Image 45 3.4 Visual Interpretation Key Used for the Study 46 3.5 Land Use Land Cover Statistics 47 3.6 Scrub land at the Proposed project site 48 3.7 Topographical Map 50 3.8 Land use and Land Cover Map 51 3.9 Settlement Map 52 3.10 Eco- Sensitive Map 53 3.11 Soil Map 60 3.12 Drainage Map 67 3.13 Geology and Mineral Map 68 3.14 Hard pan in sandy soil at Mithi Rohar lake 69 3.15 Expanse of alluvial deposite at Bhimasar 70 3.16 Fragmented basalt exposed in rock quarry north of Tapar village 70 3.17 Geological & Geology & Hydrological Map 72 3.18 Geo-hydrological Map 73 3.19 Noise Monitoring Locations 85 4.1 Impact identification from process flow chart 114 4.2 Windrow for the month Oct-Nov- Dec.2018 119 4.3 Isopleths of SO2 (24 Hrs. Max. ConC) 120 4.4 Isopleths of PM10 121 4.5 Isopleths of PM2.5 122 4.6 Isopleths of PM10 (Non-Operation of EPC) 123 4.7 Isopleths of PM2.5 124 4.8 Provision of KT weir 136 9.1 Environmental Management Cell and Responsibilities 188 9.2 Environmental Management Plan 189
XXII Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 INTRODUCTION
'Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)' is the process of evaluating likely environmental impacts, both positive and negative, of a new project by taking into account natural, social and economic aspects. It also comprises of suggesting possible mitigation measures, for negative impacts, before implementation or proposed of project. Main objectives of an EIA report are -
To describe a pre-project baseline condition with respect to Environmental Indicators. To identify possible sources of pollution and their environmental impacts including identifying risks associated with setting up of a new project and suggestingappropriate mitigation measures for alleviating adverse impacts to the extent possible. To suggest environmental / risk management plans for implementing the mitigation measures. Ultimate aim of EIA report preparation is that the project proponent (PP) can use this report as a manual for developing company’s environmental strategy, communication and formulating environmental policy.
Molasses is a very important by-product of the sugar industry. There is a good demand for alcohol produced from molasses based distillery as well as grain based distillery in country. There is a good export potential for alcohol. With a due consideration to all the above facts, the management of Shree Ganesh Ethanol processing Pvt. Ltd.,(SGEPL) has decided to establishment of distillery project.
1.2 THE PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENTS
Project site of SGEPPL is located at Survey No. 479/2, Village Bhimasar, Tal.: Anjar, Dist.: Kutch Gujarat. The Establishment of Multifeed, Molasses or grain based 60 KLPD distillery would be undertaken.
This report has been prepared in overall context of Draft EIA Notification dated 14thSeptember 2006 and amendments thereto issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC); New Delhi. Ministry has published a Notification dated 13.06.2019 w.r.t. the distilleries. As per the said notification, all Molasses based distilleries with capacity equal to or less than 100 KLPD are to be considered at State Level. Hence, as per the notification the project comes under Category B, listed under Item 5(g). Draft EIA report comprises of requisite information and details w.r.t. project as mentioned in the standard Terms of Reference (TORs) issued by MoEFCC vide letter No. J-11011/413/2018- IA II(I)dated 22.01.2019to SGEPPL. Unit would be designed in a versatile fashion by adopting latest process techniques as well as with state-of-the art machinery. Investment of SGEPPL project is presented at table 1.1. Names and designation of SGEPPL promoters are given in table 1.2.
Table 1.1 Project Investment Details
No. Industrial unit Capital Investment (in Rs. Crores) Proposed Total 1 Distillery 80 80
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Table 1.2Promoters of SGEPPL
No. Name Designation 1 Mr.Dayabhai B. Rabari Director 2 Mr. Prabhubhai B. Rabari Director 3 Mr. Rajeshbhai B. Rabari Director
1.3 THE PLACE
The promoters of SGEPPL have planned to set up a 60 KLPD Multi feed Distillery at survey No. 479/2,Village Bhimasar, Tal.: Anjar, Dist.: Kutch, Gujarat. Total land acquired by industry is 50282Sq. M. (5.02 Ha).Total built-up area will be 16587Sq. M. (1.65 Ha) for more details about area break-up refer Chapter 2, Table – 2.3.ANo Objection Certificate (NOC) for proposed distillery project have been obtained from Grampanchayat of Bhimasar. Documents of company are attached at end of this EIA report under Certificate and other documents.
Following aspects have been taken into consideration during selection of site for the proposed distillery project.
. Proximity to the raw material availability. . Adequate land for implementation of proposed projects. . Convenient location on the SouthWest (SW) side of Gandhidham city at a distance of about 10.25 Km. Moreover, National Highway (NH-41) is about 0.16 Km. andNearest Railway Station is about 3.0 Km from the project site. . The availability of utilities such as water and electricity. . No rehabilitation and resettlement required to be done.
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Figure 1.1 Location of the Project Site
Maps are purely graphical and not to scale.
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1.4 IMPORTANCE TO COUNTRY & REGION
Alcohol has assumed very important place in the Country’s economy. Alcohol is a vital raw material for a number of chemicals. It has been a source of a large amount of revenue by way of excise duty levied by the Govt. on alcoholic liquors. It has a potential as fuel in the form of power alcohol for blending with petrol. Also, the fermentation alcohol has great demand in countries like Japan, U.S.A., Canada, Sri Lanka etc., as the synthetic alcohol produced by these countries, from naphtha of petroleum crude, is not useful for beverages. India is the fourth largest producer of alcohol in the world and there has been a consistent increase in its production over the last 22 years or so. Demand for alcohol in the country is expected to go upto almost 6000 million liters by year 2020.Present average alcohol production from molasses in the country is around 2,500 million liters per annum (Reference Opportunities For Green Chemistry Initiatives, 2014).
Considering the upcoming demand of alcohol, the management of SGEPPL has decided to go for molasses or grain based distillery having capacity of 60 KLPD. Ethyl Alcohol is an important feedstock for manufacture of a number of chemicals. These chemicals are primarily basic carbon based products like Acetic Acid, Butanol, Butadiene, Acetic Anhydride, Vinyl Acetate, PVC etc. Acetic Acid & Butanol, which are needed in pharmaceuticals, paints and in many other industries, are important value added products.
Ethylene, Ethylene oxide and Mono-ethylene glycol are also produced via petrochemical route. However, due to the latest technological developments and taking in to account the ever-increasing cost of petrochemical raw materials, it is now possible as well as more economical to produce Ethylene oxide, Mono-ethylene glycol etc. starting from ethanol. The petrochemical route needs designing of plants in mega range. Alcohol has an advantage of setting up of plants in medium as well as mini range. Average capacities of Indian molasses based distilleries ranges between 30 to 60 KLPD. There are very few distilleries above 100 KLPD capacities and the largest distillery capacity in the country is 420 KLPD. (Ref. Opportunities for green chemistry Initiatives: molasses Based Distillery, 2014).
The Gap between availability of alcohol and its requirement by industries is increasing constantly. During last decade, number of alcohol-based industries have come up and existing ones have marginally increased their capacities. The raw material needs of these alcohol- based industries have to be met to facilitate maximum capacity utilization of units in order to meet domestic demands for end products. These units are starving for want of raw materials. Shortage is wide spread and has hit most of the chemical drug and allied industries. Producers of insulin, antibiotics, tonics and several other essential bulk drugs as well as finished formulations are unable to obtain their quota of industrial alcohol, which is a vital raw material for them.
The Denatured Spirits and Rectified Spirit are made unfit for drinking by addition of certain chemicals which have strong disagreeable odour and which cannot be easily separated from spirit. The Denatured Spirits are taxed at nominal rates so that their use in industries becomes economical. The use of alcohol for purpose of potable liquor is as high as that for the industrial purpose. Alcohol is used for manufacture of country liquor, which is used by common masses. This is manufactured by diluting rectified spirit with water to different
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grades of 250 U. P. strength. Different varieties are produced by addition of flavors and are called spiced liquor. Liquors are manufactured in a synthetic way to imitate foreign liquors viz. Whisky, Brandy, Rum and Gin. They are called Indian Made Foreign Liquor (I.M.F.L.). The excise duty on I.M.F.L. is much higher than that on country liquor. Supply of country liquor at low rates is very much needed to keep away the illicit liquor manufacturers and traders. I.M.F.L. requires alcohol of very high purity. For this purpose separate distillation plant to redistill and purify Rectified Spirit is necessary, this alcohol is called Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA). It is also useful in cosmetics and perfumes manufacturing.
Alcohol has great future as a renewable source of energy. Trend for use of alcohol as an alternative to mineral fuel oils is well established as oil and natural gas sources are depleting at faster rates. It could, therefore, be seen that demand for alcohol will be ever increasing and there would not be any problem of marketing alcohol, which would be produced by distillery. Manufacture of alcoholic beverages from the alcohol is also an attractive diversification as there is a great demand for the beverages. Moreover, diversification by way of manufacturing alcohol based chemicals, such as acetic acid, acetic anhydride, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, vinyl acetate etc., would be a big boon to the distillery.
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Industry SGEPPLsubmitted a duly filled in onlineForm – 1 application to the MoEFCC, New Delhi on19thDecember 2018for grant of Terms of Reference (TORs).The proposal was accepted by Member Secretary (MS) on 20th December 2018. Subsequently monitoring for primary data collection was carried out in months namely October – November – December 2018.This EIA report has been complied with TORs issued by MoEFCC. Summarized details of same are provided in following table -
Table 1.3 Summary of Terms of Reference
No Description of TORs Compliance A Standard TORs for proposedDistillery [Project Type as per EIA Notification S.O. 1533 E dated 14.09.2006 5(g)] 1 Executive Summary Refer Chapter 10 2 Introduction Refer Chapter 11. i Details of the EIA Consultant including Refer Chapter 11. NABET accreditation. ii Information about the project proponent. Refer Chapter 1, Table 1.2, Page 2 iii Importance and benefits of the project. Refer Chapter 1, Page 4. 3 Project Description i Cost of project and time of completion. Refer Chapter 1, Table 1.1 Page 1 ii Products with capacities for the proposed Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.7 Page 18 project. iii If expansion project, details of existing NA products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any. iv List of raw materials required and their Refer Chapter 2, Section 2.6.2,
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No Description of TORs Compliance source along with mode of transportation. Table 2.8 Page 19 v Other chemicals and materials required Refer Chapter 2 with quantities and storage capacities vi Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous Refer Chapter 2 waste generation and their management. vii Requirement of water, power, with source Refer Appendix – C for water lifting of supply, status of approval, water balance permission Refer Chapter 2, Section diagram, man-power requirement (regular 2.6.7 Page 28 and contract) Refer Chapter 2, Table 2.1 Page 15 for man power requirement. viii Process description along with major Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.6.4, equipments and machineries, process flow Refer Appendix B for list of sheet (quantities) from raw material to equipments . products to be provided ix Hazard identification and details of Refer Chapter – 7, Page 167-175 proposed safety systems x Expansion/modernization proposals a. Copy of all the Environmental NA, Since it is proposed project. Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30thMay, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing/ existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA- EMP report. b. In case the existing project has not NA. obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/ or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/ No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005 - 2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted.
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No Description of TORs Compliance Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4 Site Details i Location of the project site covering Refer Chapter – 1 , Figure 1.1, Page village, Taluka/ Tehsil, District and State, 3 Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii A toposheet of the study area of radius of Refer Chapter – 3 , Figure 3.7, Page 10km and site location on 50 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection Refer Chapter- 2, Section 2.4- , Page of site. 16 iv Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners Refer Chapter – 2 , Section 2.2, Page of the site. 16 v Google map-Earth downloaded of the Refer Chapter – 3 , Figure 3.2, Page project site. 44 vi Layout maps indicating existing unit as Refer Appendix – A. well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii Photographs of the proposed and existing Refer Appendix – A for Plot layout. (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show Chapter 3, Figure 3.6, photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. viii Landuse break-up of total land of the Refer Chapter – 3, Table 3.2, and project site (identified and acquired), Figure 3.5, for landuse breakup of government/private - agricultural, forest, total land. wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (Not required for industrial area). ix A list of major industries with name and Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.2.2, Page type within study area (10 km radius) shall 41 be incorporated. Land use details of the study area. x Geological features and Geo-hydrological Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.6, Page status of the study area shall be included. 66 xi Details of Drainage of the project up to 5 Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.6.2, Page km radius of study area. If the site is within 66 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood
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No Description of TORs Compliance occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition Entire land is acquired by SGEPPL is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land. xiii R & R details in respect of land in line with Refer Chapter – 7, Section 7.2 , Page state Government policy 167 5 Forest &Wildlife related issues (if applicable) i Permission and approval for the use of NA forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii Landuse map based on High resolution NA satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii Status of Application submitted for NA obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv The projects to be located within 10 km of NA the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon v Wildlife Conservation Plan duly NA authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area vi Copy of application submitted for NA clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6 Environmental Status i Determination of atmospheric inversion By using meteorological data the level at the project site and site-specific windrose have been plot. the same
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No Description of TORs Compliance micrometeorological data using are reflected in chapter 4 temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.8, Table for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO and 3.10, Page 76 other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.8, Table weeks of all stations as per frequency 3.11, Page 76 given in the NAAQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv Surface water quality of nearby River Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.9.2, (100m upstream and downstream of Table 3.12, Page 79 discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/ MoEF&CC guidelines. v Whether the site falls near to polluted NA stretch of river identified by the CPCB/ MoEFCC, if yes give details. vi Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.9.2, locations shall be included. Table 3.13, Page 79 vii Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.10, Table within the study area. 3.16, Page 84 viii Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.4, Table 3.4, Page 55 ix Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.6.3, Page frequency of vehicles for transportation of 19 materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x Detailed description of flora and fauna Refer Chapter 3 Plate II for (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the photographs and list of Flora and study area shall be given with special Fauna observed in study area. reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi Socio-economic status of the study area. Refer Chapter – 3, Section 3.11, Page
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No Description of TORs Compliance 87-92 7 ImpactsandEnvironmentManagementPlan i Assessment of ground level concentration Refer Chapter – 4, Figure 4.3, Figure of pollutants from the stack emission 4.4, Figure 4.5, Page 117-122 based on site specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii Water Quality modelling - in case of No any effluent shall discharge in to discharge in water body water body. Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.1 & 2.7.1.2, Page 29 to 31 for treatment of effluent. iii Impact of the transport of the raw materials Entire transportation of products and and end products on the surrounding raw material shall be done by road environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor cum- rail transport shall be examined. iv A note on treatment of wastewater from Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.1, Page different plant operations, extent recycled 29. and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E (P) Rules. v Details of stack emission and action plan Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.2, for control of emissions to meet standards. Table 2.22, Page 34 vi Measures for fugitive emission control Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.2.1, Page 35 vii Details of hazardous waste generation & Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.4, their storage, utilization & management. Table 2.25 Page 35 for details of Copies of MOU regarding utilization of hazardous waste generation, their
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No Description of TORs Compliance solid and hazardous waste in cement plant disposal and storage. shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste - minimization, recycle/ reuse/ recover techniques, Energy conservation, & natural resource conservation. viii Proper utilization of fly ash shall be Refer Chapter – 2, Table 2.24 Page 35 ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix Action plan for the green belt development Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.8, Page plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less 38. than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x Action plan for rainwater harvesting Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.9, Page measures at plant site shall be submitted to 39 for rainwater harvesting details. harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum Refer Chapter – 2, Section 2.7.8, for environmental pollution control Table 2.26, Page 37. measures shall be included. xii Action plan for post-project environmental Refer Chapter – 6, Table 6.5, Page monitoring shall be submitted. 163 & 164. xiii Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Refer Chapter – 7, Section 7.7 Page Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency 172 Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8 Occupational Health i Plan and fund allocation to ensure the Refer Chapter – 7, Section 7.8.3 Page occupational health & safety of all contract 174 and casual workers ii Details of exposure specific health status Refer Chapter – 7, evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour
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No Description of TORs Compliance vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analysed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii Details of existing Occupational & Safety NA Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved. iv Annual report of health status of workers NA. Since it is proposed project. with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9 Corporate Environment Policy i Does the company have a well laid down -- Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. ii Does the Environment Policy prescribe for -- standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii What is the hierarchical system or Refer Chapter 9, Figure 9.1, Page - Administrative order of the company to 179 deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv Does the company have system of NA reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as Refer Chapter 4, Section 4.2, Page - sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the 109 labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during
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No Description of TORs Compliance operation phase. 11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project Refer Chapter – 6, Section 6.3.8.2 and cost) shall be earmarked towards the Table 6.2 Page 159 Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or NA any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13 A tabular chart with index for point wise Refer Chapter – 1, Section 1.5 , Page compliance of above TOR. 5-14 B. Specific TORs for Distillery; 5(g) 1 List of existing distillery units in the study area No any distillery unit in the study area along with their capacity & sourcing of raw material. 2 Number of working days of the distillery unit. Distillery 330 days 3 Details of raw materials such as molasses/ grain, Refer Chapter 2, Section 2.6.3, Table their sources with availability. 2.9, Page 19 4 Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Refer Chapter 2, Section 2.6.7, Page 28 5 Surface & Ground water quality around proposed Refer Chapter 3, Section 3.9.4 Table spentwash storage lagoon & compost yard. 3.15 & 3.15 Page 80-81 6 Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 From proposed distillery raw KL/KL of alcohol produced. spentwash to the tune of 480 M3/Day (i.e. 8 KL/KL of alcohol). Refer chapter 2 Section 2.7.1., Page 29 7 Proposed Effluent Treatment system for molasses/ Refer chapter 2 Section 2.7.1, Page grain based distillery (spentwash, spentlees, 30 to 31 condensate & utilities) as well as domestic sewage & scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD). 8 Proposed action to restrict fresh water Refer Chapter 2 Section 2.7.1.1 , consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol Table 2.16 Page 30 9 Details about capacity of spentwash holding tank, Refer Chapter - 2 material used, design consideration. No. of piezometers to be proposed around spentwash holding tank.
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No Description of TORs Compliance 10 Action plant to control ground water pollution. Refer Chapter- 4 11 Details of solid waste management including Refer Chapter-2, Section- 2.7.3, Table management of boiler ash, yeast etc. Details of 2.24. Page No. 35 incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal. 12 Details of Bio- composting yard (if applicable). NA 13 Action plant to control odour pollution. Refer Chapter- 4 14 Arrangement for installation of continuous online Shall be done after commotion of monitoring system (24 x 7) monitoring device. plant.
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Chapter 2 Project Description
2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT
The proposed project by Shree Ganesh ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. Shall be an establishment of 60 KLPD molasses/grain-based distillery.
2.2 NEED OF THE PROJECT
As discussed in Chapter-1 production of alcohol is gaining more importance with regards to production, usage, easy availability of raw material. With the increase in business it has a considerable share in national income. Molasses is also another important by-product of the sugar industry. The profits earned by conversion of molasses into alcohol are much higher than of sale of molasses alone. Further, there is a good demand for alcohol in the country as well as production and consumption of alcohol in India is quite balanced. Alcohol is blending with petroleum fuels, blending with medicines and drugs in pharmaceutical industry. Used in perfumes, cosmetics and vegetable essences.In manufacture of IMFL & Country Liquors.Apart from this following are also the need of the project.
2.2.1 Employment Generation Potential
Activities under proposeddistillery project will improve the socio-economic status of people in the study area in terms of local labour employment and contract basis jobs. Proposed activity provides employment opportunities to the skilled and semi-skilled local populace, especially in business and other services. Following are the details of manpower under proposed project.
Table 2.1 Details of Manpower
No. Unit Proposed Unskilled Skilled 1 Distillery 75 25 Total 100
2.2.2 Potential of the Products
Alcohol produced from proposed Project has a demand for blending in petrol/diesel after making anhydrous alcohol from the conventional rectified spirit. Moreover, the electricity produced from ProposedCaptive Power plant shall be used for industrial operations.
2.3 PROJECT LOCATION
The proposed distillery project would be located at Survey No. 479/2, Village Bhimasar, Tal.:Anjar, Dist.: Kutch, Gujarat State. Geographical location of the site is 23010’13.99" N Latitude and 70008’58.96" ELongitude.At the time of site selection for proposed industry, certain vital aspects were looked in to by project proponents. The same included - (1) Availability of all basic facilities like water, electricity, man power etc., (2)Kutch Dist. is
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well connected with rail and road to prominent marketplaces so that procurement of raw material as well as marketing of finished product was easier and economical, (3) Adequate land for implementation of proposed projects, (4) Availability of good communication facilities, (5) No rehabilitation and resettlement required.
Table 2.2Salient Features of Project Site
No. Particulars Details 1 Name and Address of the Industry M/s. Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd., Located at Survey No. 479/2, Village- Bhimasar, Tal.: Anjar, Dist. Kutch, Gujarat 2 Land acquired by the Industry 50282 Sq. M. (5.02 Ha) 3 Elevation 27.7 M–MSL 4 Nearest habitation Village Bhimasar (2.74 Km) 5 Nearest city AnjarTaluka (14.2 Km) 6 Nearest highway NH- 41 (0.14 Km ) 7 Nearest railway station Bhimasar Railway station (3.11 Km) 8 Nearest airport Kandla Airport (8.07 Km) 9 Nearest tourist place(s) Nil within 10 Km radius 10 Defense installations Nil within 10 Km radius 11 Archaeological important Nil within 10 Km radius 12 Ecological sensitive zones Nil within 10 Km radius 13 Reserved /Protected forest / National NA Parks/ Wildlife Sanctuary etc. 14 Nearest streams / Rivers / water bodies Churwa River (2.78 Km) (from Project Site) 15 Nearest Industrial Area Ratnmani Metals Pvt. Ltd., (0.34 Km) 16 Interstate Boundary NA 17 Site Co-ordinates (all corners) Latitude: 23010’18.61’’N,Longitude:70009’00.77’’E Latitude: 23010’13.53’’N,Longitude: 70008’54.26’’E Latitude: 23010’09.71’’N, Longitude: 70008’57.45’’E Latitude: 23010’11.66’’N, Longitude: 70009’04.63’’E
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2.3.1. Site History
Proposed site is located at village Bhimasar, Taluka–Anjar, of Kutch district in Gujarat.Registration is done on 11thSeptember 2018.The entire land is barren. Land for establishment of distillery is acquired from local People.
2.4 DETAILS OF LAND REQUIREMENT
Totallandacquiredby SGEPPLis 50,282Sq.M.(5.02Ha).Out of this total land, built- up area will be about 22,156 (1.65 Ha).Detailed areabreak-upispresented in Table2 . 3
Table 2.3Details of Area Break Up
No. Description Total Built Up Area (Sq. M) 1 Molasses Storage tank 754.38 2 Fermentation section 2016.00 3 Distillation section 480.00 4 Evaporation section 450.00 5 Product storage and receiving section 4256.00 6 Cooling tower for fermentation 64.00 7 Cooling tower distillation + int. evaporation 270.00 8 Cooling tower for MSDH section 47.05 9 PCTP section 2100.00 10 WTP and raw water storage tank 1225.00 11 Weigh bridge 75.00 12 Administrative office 225.00 13 Excise office 50.00 14 Security cabin 25.00 15 Time office 20.00 16 Boiler house 2100.00 17 Coal yard 200.00 18 Lagoon and settling pit 7700.00 19 Fire water pump house 98.00 Total 22,156.00 Sq. M Total Built up area 22,156.00 Sq. M Total Open Space 11,533.00 Sq. M Total Green Belt Area (33% of total plot) 16,594.00 Sq. M Total Plot Area 50,282 Sq. M
Refer Appendix- A for Proposed Plot Layout Plan of SGEPPL
2.5 PROJECT OPERATIONS, APPROVALS & IMPLEMENTATION
Proposed establishment of 60 KLPD molasses/grain-based distillery by SGEPPL shall be in new acquired land. Projectwould be implemented only after obtaining requisite approvals, permissions, consents from SPCB.Project would be formulated in such a fashion and manner so that the utmost care of safety norms and environment protection measures shall be taken care. Details in respect of capital investment is given in Chapter 1, Table 1.1 and working pattern is as per given in Table 2.4.
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Table 2.4 Working Pattern
No. Type Of Activity Days of Operation 1. Distillery 330 Days
2.5.1. Plan for Approval and Implementation Schedule
Table 2.5Plan for Project Implementation schedule
No Activity Date of Approval / Implementation Schedule 1 Grant of EC October 2019 2 Construction and Erection of Machinery November2019 – December2019 3 Application for CTO from GPCB January 2019 4 Trials & Commissioning of Project March 2019
Table 2.6 List of Equipment’s
No. Section Main instruments & Machineries 1 Continuous Molasses storage tank, molasses weighing system,molasses broth fermentation mixture, yeast vessels, air blower,nutrient (dosing) tank, heat section exchanger plants, sludgepump, antifoam pumps, standard magnetic flow meters,etc. 2 Distillation Mash (Analyzer)column , degasification column, Pre rectification column, Purifying column, Rectifying column, I.S. Purification column, Simmering column, condensers shell and tube type multi pass, vent condensers, Fusel oil decanter, instrumentation includingflow meters, pressure gauges, temperature indicators,steam flow meter cum totalizer, densitometers, etc. 3 Auxiliaries Cooling tower, cooling water piping, process water piping, pumps forfermentation for cooling water and fermentation etc. and distillation 4 AA and RS Storage Piping and valve MS, safety measures, fuel oil storage etc.
2.6 TECHNOLOGY &PROCESS DESCRIPTION
2.6.1 Products
Main products to be manufactured under proposeddistillery shall be Ethanol/Rectified Spirit/ Extra Neutral Alcohol. Fusel Oil, CO2, DWGS and DDGS are by-products to be manufactured along with the alcohol production. Details of products & By-products under establishment of distillery activities are given in following Table 2.7.
Table 2.7 List of Products & By-products
Industrial Unit Product Quantity(60 KLPD) Distillery Ethanol 60 KLPD Extra Neutral Alcohol 60 KLPD Rectified Sprit 60 KLPD By- Product Fusel Oil 60 Lit/D CO2 46 MT/D
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Industrial Unit Product Quantity(60 KLPD) DWGS 112 MT/D DDGS 46 MT/D Captive Power Plant Power 2 MW
Carbon dioxide (CO2) generated from both molasses and grain based distillery operations would be collected, purified, and sold in market .Dry Grain Soluble / Wet Grain Solublegenerated from grain based distillery will be used as cattle feed.
2.6.2 Raw Materials
Basic raw materials required for proposed distillery along with their quantities and sources are listed in the following tables-
Table 2.8 List of Raw Materials for Molasses and Grain based Distillery
No Raw Materials Proposed (60 KLPD) Source of Material 1 Molasses 6,650 MT/M Molasses through open tender. Nearby sugar Factories, Refineries. 2 Grains 4644 MT/M Nearby Talukas . 3 Yeast Culture Test Tube Culture 4 Sulphuric acid 0.45 MT/M 5 Antifoam agent 0.45MT/M 6 Ammonium 1.8 MT/M Local Vendor Phosphate 7 Urea 1.8MT/M 8 Caustic Soda 0.45 MT/M
2.6.3 Raw Material and Product Transportation Details
SGEPPL is located in rural area and there is no any commercial complex, recreational complex, schools, colleges, hospitals, or any residential complex surrounding project site. Moreover, the National Highway (NH) No. 41 is about 0.14 Km away from project site. As such there is no heavy traffic near project area.Following tables show the details of the transportation of raw material as well as Final products.
Table 2.9 Details of Molasses Transport to SGEPPL
Avg. wt (MT) Daily No. of Quantity of No. Type of Vehicle / Vehicle Vehicles Molasses (MT) 1 Tankers 25 MT 10 250 Total 10 250
Table 2.10 Details of Grain Transport to SGEPPL
Avg. wt (MT) Daily No. of Quantity of No. Type of Vehicle / Vehicle Vehicles Molasses (MT)
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1 Trucks 25 MT 7 175 Total 7 175
Table 2.11Details of Product Transportation
No. Product Type of Vehicle Frequency Distance Quantity of Final of Vehicle Travelled Product Transported (TPM) 1 Alcohol Tanker –(20 KL) 4/day 50-200 Km 19800 KL/Season
2.6.4 Manufacturing Process for Molasses based distillery.
A. Fermentation
Molasses, diluted with water to the desired concentration is metered continuously into a the bigger fomenters where maximum reaction for conversion will take place. Additives like urea (if required in the form of pellets or prills) and deforming oil are also introduced in the fomenters as required. There is anautomatic foam level sensing and dosing system for de- foaming oil. Every Kilogram of alcohol produced, generates about 290 Kcal of heat. This excess heat is removed by continuous circulation of the fermenting wash through an external plate heat exchanger called the Fermented Cooler.The fermented temperature is always maintained between 30 and 33 deg. C, the range optimum for efficient fermentation. The yeast for fermentation is initially (i.e. during start-up of plant) developed in Propagation Section described further on. Once propagated, available cell population of about 300-500 million cells/ml is maintained by yeast recycling and continuous aeration of the fermented. Fluctuations in the yeast count of ±20 % have little effect on the overall fermented productivity. Yeast cell vitality which is usually above 70% may, in times of stress (such as prolonged shut-downs) drop to 50 % without affecting the fermentation. Fermented wash passes through Decanter Centrifuge, where the concentrated sludge of 25 – 30% v/v is generated which can be disposed on the sludge drying beds or can beaded in the composting. The clarified portion of the wash is taken back to wash holding tank for feeding the distillation section for alcohol recovery.
Propagation-
Propagation section is a feeder unit to the fermenter.Schizosaccharomycae crevice Yeast is used.This is grown in 3 stages. The first two stages are designed for aseptic growth. Propagation vessel III, develops the inoculums using pasteurized molasses solution as the medium. This vessel has a dual function. During propagation, it serves for inoculums build- up. When the fermented enters the continuous production mode, Propagation Vessel III issued as an intermediate wash tank. Propagation is carried out only to start up the process initially or after very long shut-downs during which the fermented is emptied.
B. Integrated Distillation Section
Distillation section is designed with multi pressure vacuum distillation technique to produce 60 KLPD Rectified spirit Or 60KLPD Rectified spirit & 60 KLPD ENA.& 60 KLPD ethanol. The system designed is integrated for minimum steam consumption while producing Rectified Spirit & ENA ðanol directly from the fermented wash. The system comprises of
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Wash-cum-Degasifies Column with Rectifier Column, & Heads Column. The clarified wash after heating in wash heater by over headvapours from wash column is further heated in spent wash heater is fed to degasifying section of column.. The beer/ wash column is operated under vacuum and designed with sieve trays. The design of wash column enables operation of the column continuously for longer durations (minimum 180 days without opening for cleaning). The energy to beer column is provided by re-boiler located at the bottom of column and heated by over head vapors from rectifier column. The raw spirit approx. 40% w/w is sent to intermediate raw spirit tank. Raw Spirit is then fed to stripper rectifier column for removing high volatile impurities. Fusel oils are tapped from appropriate trays and separated in fusel oil decanter after cooling in fusel oil cooler. The rectifier column is designed to operate under pressure with Sieve tray construction and heated by steam through re-boiler located at the bottom of column. The alcohol from rectifier column is then taken to product cooler to cool it down to 33DegC.The Technical Alcohol cut from the top of the Degasifying section is taken to degas condenser & condensed against water. The condensate is then fed to heads / aldehyde column where it is diluted with water for further rectification in the column & finally the technical Alcohol cut is removed from the top vent condensers of the heads column as Grade –II rectified spirit. The Rectified sprit from product cooler can be stored in storage vats or it can be send to further set of columns for removing impurities & making Neutral Alcohol by Re distillation of Rectified Spirit. While refining the Rectified spirit will be diverted & proceed through another sets of Distillation columns in closed circuit for removing impurities & polishing to produce 60 KLPD ENA.
Brief Description of Extra Neutralization of alcohol is as below-
RS of 94.68-95% v/v strength is fed to the Extractive Distillation column. Dilution water is fed on the top most tray of the column with a dilution ratio of 1:9. Dilution of water is maintained in column such a way that it selects the higher alcohols and other impurities to move upward and extracts alcohol to the bottom. Purified dilute alcohol is removed from the bottom of the column and fed to rectification column, which concentrates alcohol to 96% v/v. High-grade spirit is drawn from one of the upper trays of the rectification column and then fed to simmering column for removal of methanol. ENA is taken out from bottom of the simmering column. Lees of column are recycled as dilution water after a part of it is purged.
Lower side draw streams are taken from rectification column to avoid fusel oil build up in the column. These streams are sent to the FOC column where these fusel oils are concentrated and then sent to decanter where these streams are diluted with water and fusel oil rich layer is separated. Washings are sent back to the column to recover alcohol. An impure sprit cut will be taken from top of this column.
In case the main Rectified Spirit plant is closed, we can still make ENA by processing Rectified Spirit through series of various purifying & Refining Distillation columns provided in the main battery of Distillation columns.
C. Evaporation Section
Spent wash from Analyzer column is passed through a forced circulation re-boiler to generate vapors. This concentrates the effluent and reduces the volume further. This Spent is fed to Falling Film Evaporation and forced circulation evaporation Plant for further reduction in
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2.6.5 Manufacturing Process- Grain based Distillery
Incoming grains will be inspected upon receipt. Inspection is carried out to determine the bushel weight, moisture content, mold infestation and general appearance. The accepted quality corn grain is unloaded into silos for storage before milling. The stored grain is weighed to determine the incoming quantity.
A. Grain Milling Section
The purpose of milling is to break up the grains to the required particle size in order to facilitate subsequent penetration of water in the cooking process. The milling section of the plant has the necessary equipments for cleaning of the raw materials and screening the milled floor so as to get the desired particle size. Selected hammer mill will be able to mill either corn or sorghum. The raw material is first milled to form flour in the milling section. The reduced particle size makes the starch accessible to gelatinization during cooking. In this mill 20 to 30% oversize particles will be recycled for second milling. The milling also will be provided with proper destoner and magnetic seperators.
B Liquefaction
Liquefaction initiates the conversion of starch into simple molecules of dextrin. It is divided into three sub processes. i.e. Pre liquefaction, jet cooking and post liquefaction. i. Pre- Liquefaction
This involves partial hydrolysis/liquefaction of starch, in presence of enzyme -amylase, at a temperature much below the gelatinization temperature. Gelatinization results in reduction in viscosity of the mash. Gelatinization temperature varies for the different grains (e.g. for corn, it is 62-720C and for sorghum, it is 68-770 C). Part of the enzyme is added in this step after necessary adjustment of pH and Ca++ ion concentration ii. Jet Cooking
This step involves the cooking of the starch slurry with live steam so as to instantaneously raise its temperature. Mash is pumped continuously through a jet cooker, where temperature is raised to 1200C. It then passes into the top of the vertical column. With plug flow the mash moves down the column in about 20 minutes and passes into the flash chamber for post- liquefaction at 80-900C. This gelatinizes and opens up starch molecule, thus allowing water to penetrate and making it accessible to enzyme action. Jet cooking also sterilizes the slurry. iii. Post- Liquefaction
Retention time in post-liquefaction/ flash chamber is 30 minutes Second part of -amylase enzyme is added in post-liquefaction. Jet-cooked slurry is again held at high temperature in presence of enzyme to complete the process of post-liquefaction. -amylase enzyme used will be able to break down the starch molecule at higher temperature
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C. Scarification
Scarification is the formation of sugars. Here, it is done enzymatically by breakdown of dextrin. Here the dextrin is acted upon by a second enzyme for further breakdown and release of sugars. i. Fermentation
The fermentation process employs a special yeast culture, which can withstand variations in the grain slurry quality, temperature and other shock loads. Batch Fermentation plant consists of Six numbers fermentors connected in series with all the accessories like plate heat exchangers for cooling, sparges, broth mixers and air blowers etc. The yeast is immobilized using special media and it remains in the fermentation plant throughout and hence it gives tremendous advantages in maintaining the yeast population and in combating the bacterial infection. Grain slurry after weighing is also pre-treated to an appropriate sugar concentration while pumping through Batch Broth Mixer into the fermentor. The fermentors are then inoculated with culture developed in the culture vessels. This culturing with suitable yeast is carried out only during the start-up of the plant. The culture thus developed maintains itself in fermentors on a batch basis.
To help the fermentation sustain the assimilable nitrogen are added in the medium in the form of Urea and DAP as required. Temperature in the fermentors is maintained to an optimum level as required for efficient reaction with the help of Plate Heat Exchanger and recirculation pumping system. This recirculation also helps in proper mixing of fermented wash. The retention time for the reaction is provided. Air blower is provided to supply the necessary oxygen required for the yeast and also for agitation. After completion of reaction the fermented wash is delivered to clarified wash tank.
The CO2, which is liberated, is scrubbed in water, with the help of CO2 Scrubber. This CO2 contains ethanol, which is recovered by collecting CO2 Scrubber water into Sludge Trough. The diluted sludge is pumped into Sludge Settling clarifier. The fermented mash collected in the Clarified Wash Tank is then pumped to Analyzer column for distillation.
A closed loop cooling tower system with an induced draft-cooling tower with circulation pumps is also provided to ensure higher cooling efficiency and to minimize water wastages.
C. Process Description for Multipressure Wash to ENA, RS Distillation
The vacuum distillation has many advantages over conventional distillation atmospheric distillation plants like lower energy requirement, very good quality alcohol and less scaling of the distillation trays due to sludge. The vacuum distillation produces ethanol of international quality standards and there is a lot of demand of ethanol from the vacuum distillation process. “The Extra Neutral Alcohol produced from this latest technology will meet most of the international quality standards for ethanol like US Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia and Japanese standards.
The vacuum distillation approximately requires 50 % less steam as compared with the conventional old distillation technologies. The vacuum distillation consists of distillation
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In this vacuum distillation ethanol is separated and concentrated using principle of fractional distillation. This is based on difference in boiling points of volatile compounds in mixture. There are seven columns in the system Primary column also called Primary column, Pre Rectifier cum Exhaust column, Rectifier Column, Hydro extractive distillation column, Refining column, Dealdehyde Column and Defusel Column. The Primary or Mash column is operated under vacuum and it is heated using the vapours from the Rectifier column, which is operated under a slightly higher pressure. The vacuum operation of the Primary column will help in reducing the overall energy requirement and also improve the product quality.
Due to vacuum operation of the Primary column the scaling of the column trays is minimized and plant can be operated without stoppage for a longer duration as compared with atmospheric plant.The fermented mash is preheated using a beer heater at the top of the Pre Rectifier / exhaust column and followed by a plate heat exchanger and finally delivered to the top of Degasser column. The pre heating of mash in two stages recovers energy and saves steam required for the distillation. The mash runs down the Primary column trays from tray to tray, while vapour goes up in the column contacting the mash at each tray.
As a result of this contact and boiling, ethanol and other impurities along with some water are stripped in the form of vapours and remaining mash in the form of vinasse (effluent) is disposed off from the bottom of the Primary column for CPU.
When the vapours of ethanol and other volatile compounds reach the top, they are separated out from the top of Primary column and are then fed to pre rectifier exhaust column. The heat is supplied by the Rectifies vapours from the Reboiler provided at the bottom of the Primary column.
Two Reboilers are provided at the bottom of the Primary column to facilitate the heat transfer from Rectifier column vapours to Primary column. The vapours from Primary top are fed to Rectifier /exhaust column for purification.
Alcohol from the top of rectifier Columns are also diluted with soft water and are fed to Hydro extractive distillation column. A Reboiler is installed at the bottom of the Hydro extractive distillation column. Impurities such as Aldehydes and Fusel oil are removed from the top of the Hydro extractive distillation Column.
Impurities like ester which is removed from top section of hydro extractive column are fed to Fusel oil concentration column, while dilute ethanol along with fewer impurities, are fed to Rectifier column middle. Steam is fed to Hydro extractive distillation column through Reboiler.
A Reboiler is installed at the bottom of the Rectifier column, which heats the process liquid i.e. alcohol and water received from the Hydro extractive distillation column, indirectly with the help of steam. In the Rectifier column, the ethanol is concentrated to 96 % by refluxing the Rectifier reflux liquid. Extra neutral ethanol (ENA) is tapped from the top of Rectifier column, which is directly sent to refining column for removal of other low boiling impurities.
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While the bottom product of the Rectifier column called spent lees is drained off. The higher alcohols also called light and heavy fusel oils are removed from the middle portion of the Rectifier column so that they are not mixed with Extra Neutral Alcohol. Light and Heavy fusel oil from Rectifier column and top cut from Hydro extractive distillation column is fed to Fusel oil concentration column.
The steam is delivered from the bottom of the Defusel Column to allow the desired separation. Fusel oil consisting of higher alcohols viz. Amyl alcohol, iso amyl alcohol, n- propanol etc. are concentrated near middle portion of Fusel oil concentration column and can be removed and separated in the Fusel Oil Decanter in sufficient higher concentration. While the bottom product called spent lees is drained off. The top product from the Dealdehyde Column is cooled in the cooler and sent to storage as Technical Alcohol.
The Refining column is fed with the ENA from the Rectifier column, which is boiled off in the Refining column to remove the low boiling impurities like methanol and mercaptants.Extra Neutral Alcohol (ENA) is tapped from the bottom of the Refining column, which is cooled up to 300C, by passing through ENA cooler. The impure ethanol, which contains many impurities, is drawn from the top of the Refining column and cooled in the cooler and sent to storage as Technical Alcohol. Both fermentation and distillation are operated with PLC computer controls system. This will help in maintaining the parameters.
D. Process Description for Molecular Sieve Technology for Ethanol Production
Molecular sieve technology works on the principle of pressure swing adsorption. Here water is removed by adsorbing on surface of `molecular sieves' and then cyclically removing it under different conditions (steaming).
Molecular sieves are nothing but synthetic zeolites typically 3Ao zeolites. Zeolites are synthetic crystalline aluminosilicates. This material has strong affinity for water. They adsorb water in cold condition and desorb water when heated. This principle is used to dehydrate ethanol. The crystalline structure of zeolites is complex and gives this material the ability to adsorb or reject material based on molecular sizes. Water molecule can enter the sieve and be adsorbed, but larger alcohol molecule will not be retained and will go through the bed. There can be two to three beds in parallel. Once a particular bed is saturated with water, it is heated with steam so that adsorbed water is desorbed from the bed. Till that time, other bed is used for dehydration.
E. DDGS Production
Alcohol stripped whole stillage is subjected to centrifugation to separate suspended fibrous mass and thin stillage. This thin stillage is concentrated in multi-effect evaporation system, which is supplied with steam. Part of thin stillage is recycled back to be used in the process as backset. Water vapour’s coming out of evaporator is condensed and sent back to be used as recycle condensate. Concentrated thin stillage in form of syrup is taken to the drying section where it is mixed with the fibrous mass and subjected to drying in the decanter-dryer systemto produce DDGS. This also requires additional steam. The final moisture content of DDGS is about 10 %.Quantity of DDGS produced to the tune of 46 MT/day has been envisaged under the proposed project. ReferAppendix – B List of Equipment under proposed Distillery
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2.6.6 Storage Details
Table 2.12 Details of Molasses Storage
No. Description Technical Data Molasses Bulk Storage Tank Quantity: 3 Nos. 1 (Assuming 90 Day Storage) Capacity: 7800 MT Material: M.S. Molasses Day Tank Quantity: 1 Nos. 2 Capacity: 300 MT Material: M.S.
Table 2.13 Details of Grain Storage
No. Product Storage Capacity 1. Grains (Maize, Broken Rice) Silo’s 1000 MT/M
Table 2.14 Alcohol Storage Details
No. Description Tank Details 1 Extra Neutral Quantity: 3 Nos. Alcohol Capacity: 65 M3 Material: M.S. 2 Rectified Spirit Quantity: 3No Capacity: 65 M3 Material: M.S 3 Ethanol Quantity: 3 Nos Capacity: 65 M3 Material: M.S.
Table 2.15 Details of DDGS &DWGS Storage
No. By-Product Days Storage Capacity of trolley 1 DWGS One Day 4 MT 2 DDGS One Day 4 MT
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Figure2.1MassBalance&ProcessFlow Chart for 60KLPD Molasses basedDistillery
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Figure 2.2 Mass Balance &Process Flow Chart for 60 KLPD Grain based Distillery
2.6.7 Manufacturing Process for Captive Power Plant
Incineration boiler of capacity 25 TPH shall be installed. Steam parameters are 45baar pressure and 4000C temperature. Steam turbine has provisions for steam extraction points, which is used to supply steam to process. A branch line from main steam piping with a pressure reducing station, shall supply pegging steam to deaerator. Steam system design is provided for an emergency by pass with pressure reducing and de super heating stations to meet the process steam demand during forced outage of steam turbine /generator unit. Extraction steam system is designed to supply 3 bar steam. The Electricity generated is 2 MW.
Steam Turbine Generator: One condensing steam turbine generator with one main stop valve and independent bar lift type control valves system; one controlled extraction, one uncontrolled extraction ports, combined lubrication and hydraulic oil system. Brush less generator, gland steam sealing system, complete with instrumentation and control and rated at 11 kV, 3 phase, 50 Hz, Power factor (PF) + 0.8 to 0.85.
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Figure 2.3 Process Flow Chart for Captive Power Plant
1 Boiler Electricity Extraction Coal + 25 TPH Inhouse use Condensing Conc. Steam Spentwash Exhaust Turbine steam for Process
Condenser
Condensate
2.7 SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES
The Sources of pollution from proposed distillery operation shall be mainly operations &Processes, boiler and stand by D.G. set. Detailed identification and quantification of impacts, due to above sources, are separated under various heads. They are (1) Water Pollution, (2) Air Pollution, (3) Noise Pollution, (4) Hazardous Wastes, (5) Solid Waste(6) Odour Pollution, (7) Land Pollution and (8) Occupational Health Hazards and safety.
2.7.1 Water Pollution
The assignment w.r.t. water pollution aspect was done by Dr. Sangram Ghugare who is an in-house Functional Area Expert (FAE) for WP. Water lifting permission has been taken fromGujarat Water Infrastructure Ltd., (GWIL). Same is attached at Appendix- C for reference. Details of water consumption have been presented in Table No. 2.16.
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Table 2.16 Details of water Consumption in Distillery
Quantity (m3/day) No. Process Molasses Based Grain Based
1 Domestic #10 #10 2 Industrial i Fermentation Dilution 635 *434 (Process) (#61 +*574) ii Cooling Tower Make up 180 (# 150+30*) *180 iii Water for vacuum Pump, #12 #12 Pump sealing, air blower & other iv Boiler Makeup 55 (#34+*21) #55 v DM water Regeneration - #102 vi Lab & Washing *10 #10 vii Ash Quenching #2 #2 894 795 Industrial Total (#259 + *635) (#181+ *614) 3 Gardening & Green Belt #25 #25 929 830 (#294 + *635) (#216+*614) Grand Total (1+2+3) (4.9KL/KL of Alc.) (3.6 KL/KL of Alc.) (68% Recycle) (73% Recycle)
Note : # Fresh Water, * Recycle water CPU
The total water requirement for 60 KLPD molasses based distillery project would be 929 M3/day. Water required for industrial operation will be 894 M3/dayand 10 M3/day will be used for domestic purpose and 25 M3/dayfresh water would be used for greenbelt. Out of the total water requirement 635 M3/day would be treated water from distillery CPU whereas 294 M3/day would be fresh water taken from GWIL.(Gujarat Water infrastructure Ltd.) The total water requirement for 60 KLPD grain based distillery project would be 830 M3/day. Water required for industrial operation will be 795 M3/day and 10 M3/day will be used for domestic purpose and 25 M3/day fresh water would be used for greenbelt. Out of the total water requirement 614 M3/day would be recycled water from CPU whereas 216 M3/day would be fresh water taken from GWIL. (Gujarat Water infrastructure Ltd.)
2.7.1.1 Fresh Water Adequacy
For the working pattern in SGEPPL, overall water requirement becomes as follows –
1. For the Distillery; total fresh water requirement in a season of 330 Days shall be - 294 CMD X 330 Days = 97,020m3/season
Hence, total water requirement for SGEPPL shall be – 97,020m3/season
From above calculations; it is seen that total fresh water requirement in SGEPPL campus is 97,020m3/season. This figure works out to be 0.970 Million M3. The permission granted to
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SGEPPL by Gujarat Water infrastructure Ltd., (GWIL) ’0.5 MLD i.e. 500 m3/Day, which is more than the actual usage under proposed activities.
Table 2.17 Effluent Generation from Molasses based Distillery
No. Process Quantity (M3/day) Disposal Method 1 Domestic 8 To be treated in Proposed STP 2 Industrial Process Raw Sp. Wash – 480 KLPD Conc. in MEE- Blend with Coal- Conc. Spent wash- 96 KLPD used as fuel for Incineration boiler.
Spent Lees- 244 Other effluent Viz. Spent less, MEE Condensate 384 Condensate, MEE Condensate, Boiler Blow Down 12 Boiler Blow Down, Cooling Tower Cooling Tower Blow 15 Blow shall be forwarded to Washing 12 Proposed CPU Total Conc. Spentwash- 96 KL (1.6 KL/KL of Alc.) Spent Leese- 244 Other Effluent- 39
Table 2.18 Effluent Generation from Grain based Distillery
No. Process Quantity (M3/day) Disposal Method 1 Process- FOC lees 72 Recycled back in Process i - PRC lees 60 ii - Thin Slope 60 iii - RC lees 147 2 Cooling blow downs 15 Proposed CPU 3 Floor washing & Lab 12 4 Boiler Blow down 12
2.7.1.2 Domestic effluent
The domestic effluent generation will be 8 M3/day. Same would be treated in Proposed STP and treated effluent shall be reused for flushing as well as for gardening purpose.
2.7.1.3 Industrial effluent
Effluent generated from proposed activity of molasses based distillery will be in the form of raw spent wash to the tune of 480 (8 KL/KL). Same shall be concentrated in Multiple Effect Evaporator (MEE). The Concentrated Spent wash to the tune of 96 M3/day shall be incinerated in incineration boiler. Further Spent lees, MEE Condensate, Boiler blow down, cooling tower blow, washing will be forwarded to Proposed CPU. Treated water from CPU will be recycled back in process for dilution of molasses. This achieves Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). Same is presented at table- 2.17.
Effluent generated from 60 KLPD grain based distillery plant shall comprise of number of streams namely - FOC leese – 72M3/Day, PRC leese – 60 M3/Day, Thin Slop – 60 M3/Day
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Table 2.19 Dimensions of CPU
No. Name of Tank Dimension in M (SWD) Volume 1 Screen Chamber 1.25*0.5*1 1 2 Equalization tank 5*6*3 1 3 Neutralizationtank 4*2*3 1 4 Buffer tank 4*2*3 1 5 UASB Reactor 11*5 1 6 Aeration tank 10*1.5*3.75 1 7 Aeration tank 13.75*10*3.75 1 8 Secondary clarifier 3.10*10*3.50 1 9 Filter feed tank 3.10*4.10*3.50 1 10 Sludge holding tank -- 1 11 sludge drying bed -- 1 12 Treated water tank 5*10*3.50 1
Figure 2.4 Process Flow Diagram of CPU for Distillery
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Table 2.20Details ofMultiple Effect Evaporators (MEE)
No. Details Remark 1 Type MEE falling with 3 stage boiling 2 Make Alfa laval / Praj / SSP 3 Capacity 624 TPD 4 Efficiency 90 %
Figure 2.5 Cross Section of Spentwash Tank
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Table 2.21 Spentwash Characteristics
No. Parameter Raw Spentwash Concentrated Spentwash 1 pH 3.9 – 4.5 4.0 – 5.0 2 Total Solids (mg/l) 1,00,000- 1,20,000 5,10,000 –5,65,000 3 SS (mg/l) 20,000 - 25,000 85,000–1,00,000 4 TDS (mg/l) 80,000 – 95,000 4,25,000-4,65,000 5 BOD (mg/l) 60,000 - 80,000 3,35,000 - 3,80,000 6 COD (mg/l) 1,20,000-1,40,000 6,25,000- 6,50,000
2.7.2 Air Pollution
Air Pollution can be defined as the presence in the outdoor atmosphere, of one or more air contaminants (i.e. dust, fumes, gas, mist, odour, smoke or vapour) in sufficient quantities, of such characteristics and of such duration so as to threaten or to be injurious to human, plant or animal life or to property, or which reasonably interferes with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property. The assignments w.r.t. air pollution (AP) and air quality (AQ) including modeling were undertaken by in-house Functional Area Experts of EEIPL namely Mr. Yuvraj Damugade respectively. Details of proposed sources of air pollution & control equipment are presented in Table 2.22. Fuel Storage and ESP details are in Table 2.24 and Table 2.25 respectively.
Table 2.22 Details of Boiler & DG Set in SGEPPL
No. Description Boiler D.G Set 1 Capacity 25 TPH 500 KVA 2 Fuel type Coal +Spent wash Diesel 3 Fuel Qty. Coal- 60 MT/ D, 100 lit/Hr. Spent Wash- 96 MT/D 4 Stack Ht. AGL 66 M 6 M 5 MOC RCC MS 6 Shape Round Round 7 Diameter 980 mm 70 mm 8 APC Equipment ESP NA
Refer Appendix- D for stack height calculations.
Table 2.23 Characteristics of Fuels
No. Description Coal Spentwash Diesel 1 Fuel Consumption 60 MT/D 96 m3/day 100 Lit./ Hr. 2 CV (Kcal/kg) 4000-5500 2500-3500 10,200 3 Ash Content 13% 18% 0.1% 4 Suphur Content % 1% 1.2% 1%
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2.7.2.1 Fugitive Emissions
Fugitive emission under proposed activity of distillery shall be mainly dust emissions. Source of same are internal kuccha roads, ash storage yard in SGEPPL plant and improper function of APC equipment etc. Trouble with dust in work zone and ambient atmospheres shall be controlled by certain dedicated measures. An action plan has been prepared in industry that includes- monitoring of proper working of pollution control equipment, proper handling; storage and disposal of dust collected, augmentation of proposed green belt with adequate density and type to control and attenuate dust transfer in the premises, provision of properly surfaced internal roads and works premises (tarred and concrete).
2.7.2.2 Process Emissions
CO2to the tune of 46 MT/Day shall be released from 60 KLPD distillery plant. In a fermenter sugar in the wash gets converted to ethyl alcohol through metabolic activities of yeast. Consequently, CO2 is evolved as emission of the bio-chemical reaction. CO2 has been labeled as one of the major gases responsible for the green-house effect, its release in the atmosphere has to be properly controlled. To curb this process emission CO2 shall be Collected, purified, and then sold to market for secondary uses.
2.7.3 Solid Waste
Solid wastes from the industries are categorized as hazardous and non-hazardous. Waste that pose a substantial danger immediately or over a period of time to human, plant, or animal life are classified as hazardous wastes. Non-hazardous waste is defined as the waste that contributes no damage to human or animal life. However, it only adds to the quantity of waste. The assignment w.r.t. solid and hazardous waste was done by empanelled Functional Area Expert Mr. Vinaykumar Kurakula for SHW.
Table 2.24 Details of Solid Waste& Disposal
No. Distillery Quantity Disposal (MT/M) 1 Boiler Ash 900 Sell to Brick manufacturers 2 Yeast Sludge 300 Burnt in incineration boiler 3 CPU Sludge 0.3 4 Discarded Containers 200 Nos. Y Reprocessed through authorized dealer
The ashgenerated from boilers shall be collected separately and taken to ash silo system. Water sprinkling arrangement shall be made to avoid suspension of fly ash into air.
2.7.4 Hazardous Wastes
Information about hazardous wastes being generated as well as that to be generated from proposed activities and their disposal methods is presented in following table.
Table 2. 25 Hazardous Waste from the Distillery
No. Hazardous Waste Category Quantity (Lit/M) Disposal 1 Spent Oil – Cat.5.1 10 Burnt in incineration boiler
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2.7.5 Noise Pollution
Noise is normally defined as objectionable or unwanted sound, which is without agreeable quality and essentially non-euphonious. The concern on noise depends upon the noise level near the source, on the work environment and near the residential zone. Earlier, noise was summarized to be exclusively an occupational problem. But, since the effects are found also on people who are not directly involved, it has acquired wider dimension. Hence it is necessary to know the noise levels near the sources as well as near the residential colonies.
2.7.5.1 Sources of Noise Pollution
1. Distillation section & fermentation section would be the other minor noise generating sources. Expected noise levels in these sections would be in the range of 60 to 65dB(A). All preventive measures such as regular operation & maintenance of pumps, motors, and compressors would be carried out and enclosures would be provided to abate noise levels at source. 2. It is predicted from an experience elsewhere that the magnitude of noise levels, from various sources in the proposed unit, to the human habitation at a distance of 0.5 Km would be around 12 dB(A). Therefore, there would be no any significant change in the background noise levels in the premises of the industrial unit. 3. Green belt will be developed in and around the SGEPPL complex. It would further help for attenuate the noise levels. 4. Noise would also be created by movement of truck and other vehicles for material transportation. However, this would not be of a continuous nature and would not have much impact on the work environment of the project site. 5. Insulation helps considerably in limiting noise levels. The workers entering the plant shall be provided by earmuffs, which would give the reduction of about 30 dB(A). 6. D.G. Sets provided on site are one of the major noise generation sources. However, this is not continuous source. D.G. set would be operated only during power failure and same is enclosed in a canopy as per the Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2010. Further, people working in close vicinity of the high noise generating equipments and sources in project complex will be provided with Personal Protective Equipments (PPE) such as ear plugs, ear muffs etc. so as to attenuate noise levels and minimize bad effects of exposure to high sound. Moreover, a care towards working pattern will be taken due to which no person is subjected to high noise levels beyond the stipulated time schedule for exposure.
2.7.6 OdourPollution
Under Proposed of molasses based distillery project, spentwash shall be carried through closed pipeline andconcentrated in MEE. Hence, odour nuisance due to spentwash storage activity will be entirely eliminated. Moreover, sources of odour pollution under proposed 60 KLPD grain based distillery will be fermentation section, DDGS and DWGS outlet. Proper operations at the work place shall curb odour generation. DWGS generated after distillation of fermentation wash will be collected & dispose off immediately. To abate odour nuisance, SGEPPL has a concrete planning which includes following steps and actions –
1. SGEPPL willprovided covered fermentation and tapping of CO2 gas system.
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2. Collection of waste yeast sludge from fermentation section in a closed system and its immediate and proper disposal. 3. DWGS will be collected in tractor trolley and sold to farmers immediately as animal feed. 4. Reduced volume of effluents (spentwash, spent leese) by adopting strategic approaches such as use of the effluents back in process under Reduce-Reuse-Recycle planning. 5. Suitable plantation in and around the treatment units, which can minimize undesirable smells around the treatment units. 6. Adoption ofGMPs (Good Management Practices). 7. Arranging awareness and training camps for workers. 8. Use of PPE like masks by everybody associated with odour potential prone areas.
2.7.7 Land Pollution
Land pollution may take place due to use of untreated effluent for gardening / irrigation purpose. Fly ash, if deposited on land, would lead to land pollution. The treatment that will be followed in proposed distillery would be, Spent wash from distillery would be concentrated in MEEand the concentrated spentwash shall be mixed with coal and used as fuel for proposed boiler.Othereffluents generated from distillery activities like spentlees, boiler & cooling blow downs would be treated along with the condensate from MEE in a dedicated CPU. Treated effluent shall be recycled in process operations like molasses dilution as well as liquefaction of flour etc.
Solid waste generated from distillery is in the form of yeast sludge, CPU sludge, boiler ash, Discarded Containers,DWGS/ DDGS etc. Yeast sludge will be burnt in boiler along with coal blended with Spentwash. Boiler ash generatedafter burning of coal will be sold to brick manufacturer. Discarded Container will be reprocessed through authorized dealer. DWGS/DDGS will be sold to farmers as cattle feed.
2.7.8 Budgetary Allocation by Industry towards Environment Protection
Capital as well as O & M cost towards environmental aspects under proposed activityis as follows –
Table 2.26 Capital as well as O & M Costtowards Proposed environmental aspects
No. Description Cost Component (Rs. In. Lakhs) Capital Cost Annual Cost O & M 1 ESP for 1 Boiler with stack of 66 M 100 10 2 Water Pollution Control- CPU along with 75 7.5 package type ETP 3 Noise Pollution Control 50 5 4 Environmental Monitoring & Management 30 3 5 Occupational Health & Safety 30 3 6 Occupational Health & Safety 10 1 7 Green Belt 10 1 Grand Total 305 30.5
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2.8 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The Major impact due to proposed establishment activities by SGEPPL have been described above. Impact due to noise generation and particulate emission can be abated by plantation of green belt. Accordingly a comprehensive green belt shall be develop in SGEPPL Campus. Native and fast growing species shall be selected for green belt development.
Table 2.27 Area Details
No. Description Area (Sq. M) A Total Plot Area 50,282 B Total Built up area 22,155 C Total Open Space 11,533 D Proposed Green Belt Area (33% of Total plot Area) 16,594
Refer detailed area break up of industry at Table 2.3.
2.8.1 Proposed Tree Plantation
A comprehensive ‘Green Belt Development' programme would be implemented in a phase wise manner under proposed activities, salient features of which are as follows –
1. Tree plantation at different tiers to suit proposed topography. 2. Avenue plantation along the roads and shelterbelt plantation along the peripheral fence of the plots. 3. Mass Plantation in certain pockets in the SGEPPL campus. 4. Plantation of peculiar tree species serving typical purposes such as noise attenuation and dust suppression at selected premises. 5. Lawns and landscaped gardens in the campus.
To arrest dust and to attenuate noise, plantation of certain species like Mangiferaindica(Mango), Sesbaniagrandiflora (Shewarie) Derris indica, Terminaliacatappa(Indian Almond Tree), Polyalthialongifolia etc. shall be done.
2.8.2 Criteria for Green Belt Development
Emission of SPM, SO2 is the main criteria for consideration of green belt development. Plantation under green belt is provided to abate effects of the above emissions. Moreover, there would also be control on noise from the industry to surrounding localities as considerable attenuation would occur due to the barrier of trees provided in the green belt.
Preparation for Plantation:
Take pits of 2X2X2 ft. for good soil strata while 3X3X3 ft. for poor soils or murum strata. Expose them to direct sun for 15 days. Fill the pits as per availability of site soil- o In case of shortage of good quality site soil : site soil (35%) + good fertile soil (35%) + good composted cow dung (30%) + Neem cake (200 gm) o In case of good quality site soil: site soil (80%) + good composted cow dung (20%) + Neem cake (200gm) + leaf litter and grass or agri residue. Plant appropriate sapling after rain starts.
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Start watering after rains. Make shade for saplings when temperatures rise, generally after February or March depending upon local climate and condition of plants. This can be managed with bamboo sticks and locally available grass.
2.9 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Rain harvesting could be of two types namely harvesting from ground and harvesting from rooftops. The quantity of harvested rainwater that becomes available during and after precipitation depends upon a number of factors such as area of land, nature of soil, impervious or paved areas, plantation on the land, average annual rainfall in the region, ambient temperatures of the region, wind direction and speed etc.
A. Rooftop Harvesting
Here collection of the rainwater getting accumulated from direct precipitation on the total roof area is taken in to account. The rainwater thus becoming available from terraces as well as roofs of various structures and units in the industrial premises would be collected through arrangements of channels and pipes to be provided as per appropriate slopes at the roof level. The collected rain water would then be taken to ground and either stored in open excavated tanks / ditches in the ground or charged directly to bore wells to be provided in the premises.
For the calculation of rain water quantity that is going to become available subsequent to rooftop harvesting, a computation method from the ‘Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering’ has been adopted. Thereunder, A.N. Khosala’s formula has been followed. The allied calculations are as under-
Average annual rainfall in the area = 368 mm.
Now, as per “A. N. Khosla’s Formula”, the average annual accumulation can be calculated by using the following equation: R = (P- t / 2.12) Where, R=Average annual accumulation in cm, for the catchment area. P=The corresponding average annual rainfall or precipitation, in cm, over the entire catchment. (In current case it is 368 mm i.e. 36.8 cm) t = Mean annual temperature in deg. Centigrade. (In current case it is 470C.)
The accumulation on the entire catchment area will be, R=[(36.8 – (47/2.12)]*0.8 =11.712 say 12cm. Volume acquired by this accumulation water will be, = 12cm Roof Top Area = 1.2m 320m2 = 384m3 Thus, about 384m3of rainwater could become available during every season from the ‘Roof Top Harvesting’ operations. This when charged to open / bore wells would definitely have a positive impact on the ground water quantity.
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B. Surface Harvesting
Under this type of harvesting, the rainwater getting accumulated through surface runoff, from land area in the industrial premises, would be collected and stored in open excavated tanks / pits to be provided in the industrial plot. This harvested rainwater would recharge the ground water through actions namely seepage and infiltration to the aquifers. On the open land in the premises counter bunding, terracing and dressing would be done so as to divert the rainwater as per natural slopes to various tranches excavated on the plot in a decentralized manner. The entire industrial premises would be divided in zones and the harvested water from such zone would be directed to the nearest available ditch / tank constructed as mentioned above. Further, the recharge points would be located as per geometry of zones.
(Total Plot Area) – (Built- up Area) = Open Land Area 50,282 m2– 22,156m2 = 11,533 m2 Now, a. Average annual rainfall in the Kutch - 368 mm b. Open land area in the industrial premises – 11,533m2 c. Type and nature of the Area with about 30% area being impervious (paved). Here an area under curing yard and storage yards as well as roads comes in the category of paved surfaces. d. Value of Runoff Co-efficient based on type and nature of area as well as the land – 0.50 e. Runoff getting accumulated from the land area under above point No. b -
11,533 m2 X 0.368 m x 0.5 = 2,122.072m3
Hence, the total water becoming available after rooftop and surface harvesting would be -
384 m3+ 2,122.072 m3 = 2,506.072 m3i.e. 25.06 ML
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Chapter 3 Description of the Environment
3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter incorporates description of existing environmental status in the 'Study Area' which is a region within a circle of 10 Km radius with the industry/ plant at its center. Existing environmental condition of study area is representative of impacts due to all industries, units and projects in it and is described with respect to the topography, climate, hydro-geological aspects, atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil characteristics, flora, fauna, socio-economic profile, land use and places of archaeological importance. Study area in respect of proposed project by SGEPPL is located in Taluka Anjar, of Kutch district of Industrial site is located at23010’13.99" N Latitude,70008’58.98" E Longitude and 27.7 MMSL.
3.2 LAND USE AND LAND COVER (LU&LC) The term Land Use relates to the human activity or economic function associated with a specific piece of Land, while the term Land Cover relates to the type of feature present on the surface of the earth (Lilles and and Kiefer, 2000). The knowledge of Land Use Land Cover is important for many planning and management activities as it is considered as an essential element for modeling and understanding the earth system. Land use maps are presently being developed from local to National to Global Scales for Environmental Impact Studies. The satellite Remote Sensing technology has found its acceptance worldwide for rapid resource assessment and monitoring, particularly in the developing world. All these advancement have widened the applicability of Remotely Sensed data in various areas, like forest cover, vegetation type mapping, and their changes in regional scale. If satellite data is judiciously used along with the sufficient ground data, it is possible to carry out detailed forest inventories, monitoring of land Use and vegetation cover at various scales. Assignment w.r.t. land use and land cover mapping of study area using LISS IV Satellite Image has been done by Mr. Vinaykumar Kurakula who is an empanelled FAE of EEIPL for LU & LC. Scope of work methodology involved and allied details are presented in following paragraphs. 3.2.1 Scope of Work Preparation of Land Use Land Cover map forShree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. (SGEPPL),located at survey No. 479/2, Village Bhimasar, Tal. Anjar, Kutch, Gujarat, India.
3.2.2 Study Area& Location The study area is located in the Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. (SGEPPL),located at survey No. 479/2,Village Bhimasar, Tal. Anjar, Kutch, GujaratState The population of Kutch district as per 2011 and the population in the study area is 20, 92,371. Total Literacy rate of Kutch is 70.59%. Male Literacy is 79.40% while female literacy stands at 60.87%.
3.2.3 Purpose of Land Use Mapping Land use study requires data regarding topography, zoning, settlement, industry, forest, roads and traffic etc. Collection of this data was done from various secondary sources viz. census Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 41 Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. books, revenue records, state and central government offices, Survey of India toposheets etc. and through primary field surveys as well as high resolution multi spectral satellite image from IRSRESOURCESAT 2 Satellite with LISS IV sensor. Image has a spatial resolution of 5M X 5M. Apart from LULC Map, topographic features of region were extracted covering village locations, streams, roads, river in the satellite image. In addition to this, natural drainage network is also captured to prepare drainage map as required. Purposes of land use studies are–
To determine the present land use pattern; To determine the temporal changes in land use pattern over a period of ten years or so; To analyze the impact on land use due to industrial growth in the study area; To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-à-vis growth of industries in the study area and its associated impacts.
3.2.4 Land Use Map Analysis
Land use Mapping was done based on the image colour, texture, tone etc. Following steps are used to analysis the land use pattern of project site:
Collection of IRS Resourcesat-2 images and made fused and blended the images for colour combinations using Image interpreter-Utilities and Layer stack option available in ERDAS. Identification AOI and made a buffer of 10km radius. Enhance the Fused and blended IRS Resourcesat-2image using the Spatial, Radiometric and Temporal options in ERDAS. Rectified the IRS Resourcesat-2image using Geo-referencing technique, Toposheet to get UTM coordinate system. Subset the IRS Resourcesat-2 images and Toposheet using 10Kms buffer AOI. Automatic classifications done for IRS Resourcesat-2images using maximum iterations and number of options in unsupervised classification options. Created the signature file by selecting the more samples of different features with AOI on Unsupervised classification image. Export to Vector layer from supervised classification image. Conducting QC / QA and finalized the data.
Table 3.1Satellite Data Details
No. Satellite Data Date Format 1 IRS–Resourcesat2 23. Nov. 2017 TIFF
3.2.5 Methodology for LU & LC Study
The overall methodology adopted and followed to achieve the objectives of the present study involves the following steps:
Satellite data of IRS Resourcesat-2 sensor is geometrically corrected and enhanced using principal component method and Nearest Neighborhood resampling technique. Preparation of basic themes like layout map, transport & settlement map and from the satellite image by visual interpretation.
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Essential maps (related to natural resources) like Land use / Land cover map are prepared by visual interpretation of the satellite imagery. Visual interpretation is carried out based on the image characteristics like tone, size, shape, pattern, texture, location, association, background etc. in conjunction with existing maps/ literature. Preliminary quality check and necessary corrections are carried out for all the maps prepared. All the maps prepared are converted into soft copy by digitization of contours and drainages. In that process editing, labeling, mosaicking, quality checking, data integration etc are done, finally Land use areas are measured in Square Kilometers.
Figure 3.1 Process Flow Chart
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Figure 3.2 Google Image Showing Study Area
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Figure 3.3 Satellite Image
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Figure 3.4 Visual Interpretation Keysused for the Study
Settlement Map with in 10 Km Radius Buffer
Settlement Industrial Area Salt Pan
Crop Land Fallow Land Water Bodies
3.3 LAND USE STUDIES
It includes study of topographic features and land use under which area statistics for Land Use Land Cover classes and Land Use Land Cover statistics are included.
3.3.1. Land Use of Study Area
Land use map developed was based on the image color, texture, tone and also ground truth verification data. Ground truth verification was carried out to validate the results of classified image and reconciliation was carried out with actual location of land mark features such as water bodies, agriculture land, etc. Supervised classification of satellite image yielded the following classes:
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Table 3.2 Area Statistics for Land Use Land Cover Classes
No. Classes Area in Ha. Percentage 1 Built Up Area 3929 12.51 2 Airport Area 112 0.36 3 Crop Land 4189 13.33 4 Fallow Land 14269 45.42 5 Salt Pan Area 1950 6.21 6 Barren Land 2890 9.20 7 Scrub Land 3327 10.59 8 Nadi 189 0.60 9 Water Bodies 560 1.78 Total 31415 100.00
Figure 3.5 Land Use Land Cover Statistics
Graphical Presentation of Land use classification within 10km radius of proposed project. is presented at figure 3.5.
Built Up Area: Built up Area cover about 12.51 % of area within 10km radius of study area. The surrounding villages around the project site are well developed with road electricity, and water connectivity.
Crop land:Crop land, that cover about 13.33% area within 10km radius buffer. The crop is only in monsoon season.
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Fallow land: Fallow land that covers about 45.42% area within 10km radius buffer. This fallow land is because of changing of crop type and also because of leaving the land uncultivated to get fertile. Some of the fallow land is seen because of hilly region where there is lack of continuous water supply.
Salt Pan:Since the costal area is within the reach of 10km from project site, some area of the study area is salt pan area which is about 6.21%
Barren land:Barren land covers about 13.06 % of study area, this is due to open dry land with rocky surface. There is no possibility of any crop growth or plantation on this land.
Scrub:It is found that the some part of study area is also covered with Open scrub covering about10.59% of total study area.
Water Bodies:There are very few water bodies in the study area and contributes to 1.78% of area within 10km radius from the plant site.
Figure: 3.6 Scrub land at the Proposed Project Site
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3.3.2Topographical Features
Creating a GIS spatial database is a complex operation, and it is the heart of the entire work; it involves data capture, verification and structuring processes. In the present study, the essential maps generated from toposheets are layout map, drainage map, Contour Map. The maps are prepared to a certain scale and with attributes complying with the requirement of TOR. The location of entities on the earth’s surface is then specified by means of an agreed co-ordinate system. For most GIS, the common frame of co-ordinate system used for the study is UTM co-ordinates system. All the maps are first Geo-referenced. The same procedure was also applied on remote sensing data before it is used to prepare the Essential maps.
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Figure 3.7 Topographical Map
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3.3.3 Land Use Map
Land use map developed was based on the image colour, texture, tone and also ground truth verification data. Ground truth verification was carried out to validate the results of classified image and reconciliation was carried out with actual location of land mark features such as water bodies, forest land, agriculture land etc.
Figure 3.8 Land use and Land Cover Map
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3.3.4 Settlement Map
The area has good literacy rat. Most of the village in study area are well connected with roads and are having water and electricity supply. The settlement map shows location of village along with roads and locations of industries as shown in figure below
Figure 3.9 Settlement Map
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3.3.5 Eco- sensitive Map
Eco-sensitive map is a matter of more concern because the proposed project should not hamper the natural eco system and surrounding natural resources. The Eco- sensitive map of the proposed project site was developed on the Gujarat state map, showing all the eco-sensitive area of Gujarat state. As per the map, there are no eco-sensitive zones falling within 10 km radius from the proposed project site, however during the filed survey, we could find deers near the proposed project site. There may be some wildlife in the vicinity of the project site that may not be declared as eco-sensitive zone. The proposed project management should note about this and take appropriate steps to protect the wildlife that are near to the project site.
Figure 3.10 Eco- Sensitive Map
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3.4 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS
3.4.1 Introduction
Agriculture is the main occupation pattern in the area. Hence, it is essential to determine agriculture potential of soil from the area and identify the impacts of urbanization and industrialization in the area. Study has been conducted to determine the agricultural and afforestation potential of the soil. Assignment w.r.t. Soil Conservation (SC) was done by Mr. Balkrishna Lole; theFAE for SC.
3.4.2 Soil Quality: Present status
Soil quality is the capacity of a specific kind of soil to function, within natural or Managed ecosystem boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality and support human health and habitation. Soil quality reflects how well a soil performs the functions of maintaining biodiversity and productivity, partitioning water and solute flow, filtering and buffering, nutrient cycling and providing support for plants and other structures. Thus, soil quality plays vital role in any particular geographical phenomenon of ecology as well as physico-chemical environment. Soil quality can indicate the current as well as future issues related with the water, ecology and life in the particular region. Thus, it is clearly visible that soilContamination may result in eventuality in form of contamination of water, ecological destruction, and loss of productivity, food crisis and so threat to life. The major source of contamination is wastes from industries as well as overuse of fertilizers & pesticide. Thus, to determine the exact impacts of any proposed project, it is very essential to determine the existing status of soil quality and existing stress through a study of soil quality assessment. Considering this, for studying soils of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the project area representing various, physiographic conditions, geology, land form and land use conditions. The physical, chemical characteristics were determined. The samples were collected by soil auger and other required equipments, up to a depth of 30 cm. as per standard soil sampling procedure , given in Soil survey manual , All India soil and land use survey, New Delhi-1970 of Ministry of agriculture, Govt. of India. The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future identification of the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the project. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:
To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area; To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view.
3.4.3 Methodology
Locationsin and around the proposed plant boundary were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from surface 0 to 30 cm depth and are homogenized and collected after quartering. The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were collected during Post-monsoon season. (12 December 2018). Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 54
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3.4.3.1 Methodology of Data Generation
Physical and chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations of the soil were analyzed. Soil samples were collected once during October 2018 – November 2018 - December 2018.
3.4.3.2 Sources of Information
In addition to field surveys, the other sources of information were offices of National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS and LUP) as well as District Census Data from Census of India, 2011.
Table 3.3 Analytical Techniques for Soil Analysis
Parameter Method (ASTM Number) Grain size distribution Sieve analysis (D 422 – 63) Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration Bulk density Sand replacement, core cutter Sodium absorption ratio Flame photometric (D 1428-82) pH pH meter (D 1293-84) Electrical conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82) Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84) Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colourimetric (D 515-82) Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82) Iron AAS (D 1068-84) Zinc AAS (D 1691-84) Boron Surcumin, colourimetric (D 3082-79) Chlorides Argentometric (D 512-81 Rev 85)
Table 3.4 Soil Sampling Locations
Location Latitude/ Longitude Distance Sample Direction from site No. from site Km S1 Project Site 23°10'13.99"N, 70° 8'58.96"E -- -- S2 Ajapar 23° 9'58.33"N, 70° 7'22.34"E 2.77 W S3 Morvadar 23° 9'16.16"N, 70° 7'53.64"E 2.49 S S4 Bhimasar 23°11'49.33"N, 70° 9'29.17"E 3.08 NE S5 Tapar 23°14'13.3"N, 70° 7'38.4"E 7.73 N S6 Nana/ 23° 9'51.52"N,70° 4'20.76"E 7.97 W Motapaswaria S7 NaniChairi 23°11'54.82"N,70°13'46.17"E 8.54 NE (Yashoda village) S8 MotaPaswaria 23° 6'39.38"N,70° 9'52.84"E 6.74 S (MithiRohar)
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Table 3.5 Standard Soil Classification
No Soil Tests Classification 1. pH <4.50 extremely acidic 6.5-7.3 neutral * 4.50-5.50 very strongly acidic 7.3-7.8 slightly alkaline * 5.00-5.50 strongly acidic 7.6-8.5 moderately alkaline* 5.50-6.00 moderately acidic 8.5-9.0 strongly alkaline 6.00-6.50 slightly acidic 9.0 very strongly alkaline (* tolerable to crops) 2. Salinity Electrical upto 1.00 average 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops conductivity (mhos/ cm) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination sensitive to salts (1 mhos/ cm = 640 PPM) 3. Organic Carbon upto 0.2 very less 0.61-0.8 on an average sufficient 0.21-0.4 less 0.81-1.0 sufficient 0.41-0.5 medium >1.0 more than sufficient 4. Nitrogen (kg/ha) upto 50 very less 151-300 better 51-100 less above 300 sufficient 101-150 good 5. Phosphorus (kg/ha) upto 15 very less 51-65 on an average sufficient 16-30 less 65-80 sufficient 31-50 medium above 80 more than sufficient 6. Potash (kg/ha) 0 very less 240-300 average 120-180 less 301-360 better 181-240 medium above 360 more than sufficient
3.4.4 Comments on soil characteristics
From the interpretation of field data, physical and chemical data it can be concluded as under.
As per the physical data soils are coarse texture, having high bulk density, imperatively poor water holding capacity, and very rapid permeability. As per physical characters soils are rated as poor for agriculture. As per chemical characters soil reaction (pH) soils are moderately alkaline and electrical conductivity (EC) is non saline (normal).Organic matter is very less to less, Macro nutrient like nitrogen is very less to less and phosphorus and potassium is very less to less, calcium, magnesium are moderate and base saturation is good Sodium is below the limit to make soil saline or sodic or alkali.Micro-nutrients, Mn (very low may cause deficiency), Zn, Fe ,Al ( nil to low, will cause deficiency), B and Cu is low( may cause deficiency) SO4 very low and Cl are medium .Cation Exchange capacity is low indicating poor fertility. Exchangeable Ca is poor with poor base saturation, Ex K is low, and Ex Na is also low not indicating any alkalinity. Sodium adsorption ratio indicates the soils are normal.As observed during field visit of 10 km buffer area from boundary of proposed plant. The area is located as part of Central Plain in the southern part of kutch district, 10 km buffer is plain along coast is generally flat and broken by small creeks, . The Residual Sandy soils have developed in-situ from the parent material originated from red sandstone and shale and are found over the areas underlain by Bhuj Sandstone. All these residual soils are shallow in depth. They are reddish brown in colour with fine weak granular structure to poorly developed one. These soils are sandy to loamy sand in texture dominated by coarse sand. These are-calcareous, moderately alkaline in reaction with poor base saturation. They are affected due to salt accumulation. From fertility point of view, they are poorly supplied with plant nutrients and, as such, support the crops with short duration and less water requirement.
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Soils of the buffer area can be broadly grouped in to three types such as:, Residual Sandy soils, Coastal Alluvial soils and Desert soils.
As per soil map of Gujarat at 1:500000 scale by NBSS&LUP, the soil family association observed in the area are:1.Moderately shallow, Sandy, coarse loamy to fine loamy calcareous, excessively drained soils on very gently sloping & undulating pediments with moderate to severe erosion with slght stony ness..2.Deep to very deep, well drained calcareous coarse loamy soils on very gently sloping arid plains with slight to moderate erosion. 3.Deep, excessively to well drained, fine to coarse loamy calcareous soils on gently sloping arid plains with slight to moderate erosion.4.Very shallow, some what excessively drained , calcareous loamy soils on gently sloping arid plains with moderate erosion.
Thus as per analysis of soils data and field observation the land represented by eight samples can be classified as class III e to IV land i.e. poor to occasionally suitable for agriculture on plain to gentle slopes subject to water erosion, as per land capability classification (USDA)
Table 3.6 Existing Soil Characteristics
No Parameters U.O.M S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Project Ajapar Morvada Bhimasar Tapar Nana/ Nani Mota Site r Motapas Chairi Paswaria waria (Yashoda ( Mithi Village) Rohar) 1 Colour Reddis Reddis Brown Reddish Brow Reddish Brown White h h Black Black n Yellow Black Yellow Black black 2 Grain Size Sand % 67.00 70.00 66.00 65.00 71.00 72.00 74.00 65.00 Distribution Silt% 11.00 10.00 13.00 12.00 9.00 9.00 8.00 7.00 Clay % 22.00 20.00 21.00 23.00 20.00 19.00 18.00 28.00 3 Texture Class Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy 4 Bulk Density gm/cc 1.60 1.54 1.59 1.57 1.62 1.62 1.64 1.57 5 Permeability cm/hr 43.18 45.72 40.64 38.10 48.26 48.26 53.34 38.1 6 Water Holding % 33.00 34.00 32.00 29.00 35.00 35.00 36.00 30.00 Capacity 7 Porosity % 32.13 33.05 31.05 28.81 34.02 33.05 34.09 28.96 8 pH (1: Aq -- 7.99 8.11 7.93 7.9 8.17 8.25 8.32 7.84 Extraction) 9 Electrical µS/cm 149.97 105.40 170.01 161.28 109.9 98.06 71.52 171.91 Conductivity 8 (1: Aq Extraction) 10 Cation meq/ 7.38 5.54 6.44 8.24 7.74 4.66 3.97 9.12 Exchange 100gm Capacity 11 Exchangeable meq/ 4.56 3.65 4.01 5.12 5.84 3.35 3.02 5.25 Calcium 100gm 12 Exchangeable meq/ 2.14 1.63 1.84 2.26 1.33 1.12 0.84 2.84 Magnesium 100gm 13 Exchangeable meq/ 0.53 0.18 0.48 0.65 0.45 0.13 0.09 0.78 Potassium 100gm 14 Exchangeable meq/ 0.15 0.08 0.11 0.21 0.12 0.06 0.02 0.25 Sodium 100gm 15 SAR ------0.082 0.049 0.064 0.109 0.063 0.040 0.014 0.124 16 Nitrogen (N) mg/kg 57.11 38.05 56.98 60.21 41.28 36.52 24.63 62.88 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 57
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No Parameters U.O.M S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Project Ajapar Morvada Bhimasar Tapar Nana/ Nani Mota Site r Motapas Chairi Paswaria waria (Yashoda ( Mithi Village) Rohar) 17 Available mg/kg 11.54 6.03 8.97 13.85 7.02 5.96 4.11 14.56 Phosphorous (P) 18 Available mg/kg 24.24 20.74 21.68 24.17 20.11 18.36 14.63 27.04 Potassium 19 Organic % 0.12 0.08 0.10 0.16 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.18 Carbon 20 Organic Matter % 0.21 0.14 0.17 0.28 0.15 0.10 0.07 0.31 21 Water Soluble mg/kg 3.06 2.02 2.16 3.46 1.44 1.23 1.12 3.88 Chloride (Cl) 22 Water Soluble mg/kg 2.35 2.17 2.2 3.66 2.17 2.15 2.1 4.01 Sulphate (SO4) 23 Aluminium mg/kg 0.08 BDL 0.04 0.06 0.02 BDL BDL 0.06 (Al) 24 Total Iron (Fe) mg/kg 0.07 0.06 20.2 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.08 25 Manganese mg/kg 0.06 BDL 0.01 0.05 BDL BDL BDL 0.09 (Mn) 26 Boron (B) mg/kg 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.6 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.09 27 Zinc ( Zn) mg/kg 1.35 1.14 1.21 1.68 1.16 1.12 1.05 1.78 28 Total Cr mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 29 Lead (Pb) mg/kg BDL BDL BDL 0.01 BDL BDL BDL 0.02 30 Nickel (Ni) mg/kg 0.58 0.36 0.41 0.22 0.38 0.31 0.24 0.68 31 Arsenic (As) mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 32 Mercury (Hg) mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 33 Cadmium (Cd) mg/kg BDL BDL BDL 0.01 BDL BDL BDL 0.01 34 Barium as (Ba) mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 35 Selenium (Se) mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 36 Copper (Cu) mg/kg BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL
3.4.5 Physical characters
a. Grain size distribution: Texture indicates relative proportion of various sizes of primary soil particles such as sand, silt and clay present in the soil. Based on their quantities present in the soil sample and using the textural classification diagram. The textural classes of eight soil samples are loamy sand to sandy loam (coarse to moderately coarse textured) Bulk density values confirm the textural class.
b. Bulk Density:In case of bulk density total soil space (space occupied by solid and pore spaces combined) are taken in to consideration. Thus Bulk Density is defined as the mass (weight) of a unit volume of a dry soil. This volume would, off course include both solids and pores. Soil texture, soil structure and organic matter content are the factors influencing the bulk density of a soil. Bulk Density, besides being an interesting and significant physical characteristic, is very important as a basis for certain computations. The Bulk density of the eight soil sample under consideration ranges between1.54 to 1.1.64 gm/cc, and confirms the coarse texture of the soils of the area under study.
c. Porosity: The pore spaceof a soil is the space occupied by air and water and is expressed as percent pore space. The amount of this pore space is determined by structural Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 58
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conditions, that is by inter- related influence of texture, compactness and aggregation. Porosity is also related to aeration and retention and movement of water in the soil. The porosity of eight soil sample ranges between 24.01 to 28.81 % and is good in accordance to the texture of soil, and considered good for air and water movement in the soil for crops. d. Permeability: permeability is the entry of fluid from one medium to another. In soil – water relationship, it means entry of water from air in to soil. : permeability rate is defined as maximum rate at which a soil in a given condition can absorb rain or irrigation water as it comes at soil surface, permeability rate is the rate of water entry in to the soil when flow is non-divergent. It is a surface and sub surface character, and is expressed as mm/sec or cm/hr .Permeability of eight samples under study is between38.10. to 53.34 cm /hour, and classified as very rapid for agriculture and conservation, indicating poor availability of moisture to cops after rain or irrigation. e. Water Holding Capacity (WHC):Water holding capacity of soil is the maximum amount of moisture, a dry soil is capable of holding, under given standard condition. If the moisture content is increased further percolation result WHC is of great value to practical agriculture, since it provides a simple means to determine moisture content. WHC required for good crop growth is 35 to 70%. The WHC of the eight soil samples is between 29.00 to 36.00 % and is low indicating poor availability of water for crop growth indicating very frequent water application for growing crops
3.4.6 Chemical Characters:
The parameters considered for chemical analysis are: Soil reaction (pH), Electrical conductivity (EC), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)) Cations, like Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium and Potassium, water soluble sulphates ,and chlorides, sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR).,, Macro nutrients like Available Nitrogen, total Organic carbon, organic matter Available phosphorus, available potassium Micro nutrients like Iron Zinc, manganese,copper and boron. Heavy metals like, Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd).
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Figure 3.11 Soil Map
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. a. Soil reaction (pH): The nutritional importance of pH is illustrated, thus hydrogen ion concentration has influence not only on, solubility of nutrients, but also upon facility with which these nutrients are absorbed by plants, even already in soil solution for e.g. Fe, Mn and Zn become less available as pH rises from 4.5 to 7. At pH 6.5 to7.0 utilization of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen becomes more available. In case of phosphorus it becomes less available to plant as pH increases above 8.5, due to its fixation in exchange complex of soil. For the eight soil sample under consideration the pH ranges between7.84 to 8.32 indicating soils are moderately alkaline, and suitable for growing crops except some sensitive crops. b. Electrical conductivity (EC):The salt content of the soils are estimated by EC measurements, and is useful to designate soils as normal or sodic (saline). Electrical conductivity is expressed as µmhos/cm at 25◦C, µsmhos/ cm or mmhos /cm or sm/cm. The EC of eight soil samples is between71.52 to 171.91 µs/cm and are below the limits to be called as saline and hence the soils are normal for crop growth. c. Organic Carbon / Organic Matter (OC/OM) (%):Although accounting for only a small part of the total soil mass in mineral soils, organic matter influences physical, chemical, and biological activities in the soil. Organic matter in the soil is plant and animal residue which serves as a reserve for many essential nutrients, especially nitrogen. Determination of organic matter helps to estimate the nitrogen which will be released by bacterial activity for the next season depending on the conditions, soil aeration, pH, type of organic material, and other factors. The eight soil samples under consideration contain 0.04 to 0.18 organic carbon and0.07 to 0.31 % organic matter; OM is calculated from organic carbon estimation. As per crop requirements the soils are having very less organic matter content in different samples, required for growing crop in next season. d. Available Nitrogen (N):Nitrogen is a part of all living cells and is a necessary part of all proteins, enzymes and metabolic processes involved in the synthesis and transfer of energy. Nitrogen is a part of chlorophyll, the green pigment of the plant that is responsible for photosynthesis. Helps plants with rapid growth, increasing seed and fruit production and improving the quality of leaf and forage crops. The available nitrogen in the eight samples in question, as per analysis ranges between 40.4 to 98.7 kg / ha showing very less to less nitrogen content for crop growth. e. AvailablePhosphorus (P): Like nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is an essential part of the process of photosynthesis. Involved in the formation of all oils, sugars, starches, etc. Helps with the transformation of solar energy into chemical energy; proper plant maturation; withstanding stress. Effects rapid growth, .Encourages blooming, and root growth. The phosphorus content of soil of eight samples ranges between 6.7 to 22.9 kg/ha and falls under very less to less category for crop growth.. f. AvailablePotassium (K): Potassium is absorbed by plants in larger amounts than any other mineral element except nitrogen and, in some cases, calcium. Helps in the building, of protein, photosynthesis, fruit quality, and reduction of diseases. The Potassium content of eight soil samples ranges between 24.0 to 42.5 kg/ha and is very less to less than sufficient for crop growth.
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. g. Cation Exchange capacity (CEC): The total amount of exchangeable cations that a soil can retain is designated as cation exchange capacity (CEC) and usually expressed as me/100gm of soil. Determination of amount of cations present in soil is useful, because CEC influences the availability of adsorbed cations to both higher plants and soil microorganisms. Thus CEC is directly related to fertility of soils. The CEC of the eight samples ranges between 5.54 to 9.12 me / 100gm soil. A soil with low CEC indicates low fertility and soils with high CEC indicates high fertility. Eight soil samples are coarse textured having low percentage of clay without domination of montmorillonitic clay mineral, showing low CEC; in turn fertility is also low. h. Exchangeable Calcium (Ca++):Calcium, an essential part of plant cell wall structure, provides for normal transport and retention of other elements as well as strength in the plant. It is also thought to counteract the effect of alkali salts and organic acids within a plant and soil acidity. The exchangeable calcium content of eight soil samples ranges between, 3.02 to 5.84 me/100gm soil, and having moderate base saturation percentage (ranging from 57.56 to 65.88%). For normal crop growth a calcium base saturation percent of soils between 50 to 75% is required. i. Exchangeable Magnesium (Mg++): Magnesium is part of the chlorophyll in all green plants and essential for photosynthesis. It also helps activate many plant enzymes needed for growth. The magnesium content of the eight soil samples ranges between 0.84 to 2.84 m e /100 gm soil( BS % ranges between 21.1 to 31.14), which is further adding to base saturation. Magnesium base saturation percent of 5 to 15 % is normal. j. Exchangeable Sodium (Na+): Though sodium is not an essential plant nutrient, but it has some role in potassium nutrition. Sodium also has a role in affecting the pH of soils; Sodium present above a certain limit makes soil alkaline which affect soil physical condition, and fixing of available phosphorus. Out of the eight samples sodium ranges between 0.02 to 0.25 me/100gm soil, which is below the content(i.e. ESP is below 15%) at which soil show, saline alkali or alkaline properties, hence no adverse effect on soils. k. Sodium Adsorption ratio (SAR): Sodium adsorption ratio is ratio of Na+ to under root of Ca + +Mg++ by 2. SAR values of soil solution along with EC and pH helps in diagnosing soils as normal, saline, saline-alkali or alkali. The eight soil samples show SAR values between 0.014 to 0.124 and indicate that samples are normal (SAR below 13) l. Iron (Fe): Iron is essential for crop and other plants for chlorophyll formationIron deficiency likely occurs in soils with high pH, poor aeration, excessive phosphorus,or low organic matter. It may be produced also by an imbalance of Mo, Cu, and Mn. Inplants, the deficiency shows up as a pale green leaf color (chlorosis) with sharpdistinction between green veins and yellow inter-venial tissues. The iron content of eight samples ranges between 0.01 to 20.2 mg/kg and is low. m. Aluminum (Al):Exchangeable Aluminum (Al) is not present in a plant available form in soils with a pH above 5.5 and therefore tests for extractable aluminum need only be done on distinctly acid soils. In soils with a pH range of 4.5 - 5.5 are those most likely to be affected by aluminum toxicity. In the eight samples the total Aluminum is between BDL to.08 and low.
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. n. Manganese(Mn):Is an important plant micro nutrient and is required by plants in second greater quantity compared to iron, like any other element, it can have limiting factor on plant growth, if it is deficient or toxic in plant tissue.Manganese is used in plants as major contribution to various biological systems, including photo synthesis, respiration and nitrogen assimilation. Mn content in the eight samples ranges between BDL to 0.05 mg/kg and is low and may cause deficiency in plants. o. Zinc (Zn):Zn deficiency most often is present in sandy soils with neutral or alkaline pH, or with low organic matter. Total zinc may be high but the availability depends on other factors. In the present eight samples Zinc content ranges between 1.05 to 1.78 mg/kg or ppm and are low, considered deficient for crop growth. p. Boron (B): There is a very narrow range between deficiency and toxicity in boron. Deficiencies are more often when organic matter is low and dry weather slows the decomposition. Uptake of boron is reduced at pH level higher than 7.0 Plant toxicity symptoms manifest as leaf tip and marginal chlorosis. Boron toxicity occurs in dry areas and is generally associated with irrigation water. In the eight samples of the project the boron content is between0.03 to 0.09 is low and will cause deficiency to crops. q. Copper (Cu):Copper is an essential element for plant growth. Soils naturally contain copper in some form or other, ranging anywhere from 2 to 100 parts per million (ppm) and averaging at about 30 ppm. Most plants contain about 8 to 20 ppm. Without adequate copper, plants will fail to grow properly. Therefore, maintaining fair amounts of copper in the soil is important. The eight samples under consideration contains copper below detectible limit and is deficient for crop growth. r. Water-Soluble Sulphates as SO4:This test measures readily available sulphur in the form of dissolved plus absorbed sulphate. Sulphur testing is importantwhere low sulphur or sulphur-free fertilizers are used, such as high analysis NPK fertilizers. Retention of sulphate sulphur by the soil is related to its phosphate retention, with high leaching losses of sulphate being associated with low phosphate retention soils. This should also be taken into account when considering sulphur fertilizer options. In the eight samples the water soluble sulphate as SO4 ranges between2.1 to 4.01 mg/kg and very low. s. Water Soluble Chlorides as Cl:The Cl−anion does not form complexes readily, and shows little affinity (or specificity) in its adsorption to soil components. Thus, Cl− movement within the soil is largely determined by water flows. Chlorine is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. It is present mainly as Cl−. Chloride is a major osmotically active solute in the vacuole and is involved in both turgor- and osmo regulation. In the cytoplasm it may regulate the activities of key enzymes. In addition, Cl−also acts as a counter anion and Cl− fluxes are implicated in the stabilization of membrane potential, regulation of intracellular pH gradients and electrical excitability. In the eight samples the water soluble chloride ranges between1.23 to3.88 mg/kgand is low. t. Heavy Metals: Soils may become contaminated by the accumulation of heavy metals and metalloids through emissions from the rapidly expanding industrial areas, mine tailings, disposal of high metal wastes, leaded gasoline and paints, land application of fertilizers, animal manures, sewage sludge, pesticides, wastewater irrigation, coal combustion residues, spillage of petrochemicals, and atmospheric deposition. Heavy metals constitute Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 63
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an ill-defined group of inorganic chemical hazards, and those most commonly found at contaminated sites are lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd),), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni) Soils are the major sink for heavy metals released into the environment by aforementioned anthropogenic activities and unlike organic contaminants which are oxidized to carbon (IV) oxide by microbial action, most metals do not undergo microbial or chemical degradation and their total concentration in soils persists for a long time after their introduction Changes in their chemical forms (speciation) and bioavailability are, however, possible. The presence of toxic metals in soil can severely inhibit the biodegradation of organic contaminants [Heavy metal contamination of soil may pose risks and hazards to humans and the ecosystem through: direct ingestion or contact with contaminated soil, the food chain (soil-plant-human or soil-plant-animal- human), drinking of contaminated ground water, reduction in food quality (safety and marketability) via phyto-toxicity, reduction in land usability for agricultural production causing food insecurity, and land tenure problems u. Chromium (Cr): Chromium mobility depends on sorption characteristics of the soil, including clay content, iron oxide content, and the amount of organic matter present. Chromium can be transported by surface runoff to surface waters in its soluble or precipitated form. Soluble and un-adsorbed chromium complexes can leach from soil into groundwater. The leach ability of Cr (VI) increases as soil pH increases. Most of Cr released into natural waters is particle associated, however, and is ultimately deposited into the sediment. In the eight samples the chromium is below detectible limit and very low hence no chromium contamination. v. Lead (Pb):Typical mean Lead (Pb) concentration for surface soils worldwide averages 32 mg kg−1 and ranges from 10 to 67 mg kg−1 The most serious source of exposure to soil lead is through direct ingestion of contaminated soil or dust. In general, plants do not absorb or accumulate lead. However, in soils testing high in lead, it is possible for some lead to be taken up. Studies have shown that lead does not readily accumulate in the fruiting parts of vegetable and fruit crops (e.g., corn, beans, squash, tomatoes, strawberries, and apples). Higher concentrations are more likely to be found in leafy vegetables (e.g., lettuce) and on the surface of root crops (e.g., carrots). Since plants do not take up large quantities of soil lead, the lead levels in soil considered safe for plants will be much higher than soil lead levels where eating of soil is a concern (pica). Generally, it has been considered safe to use garden produce grown in soils with total lead levels less than 300 ppm. The risk of lead poisoning through the food chain increases as the soil lead level rises above this concentration. Even at soil levels above 300 ppm, most of the risk is from lead contaminated soil or dust deposits on the plants rather than from uptake of lead by the plant. In the eight samples the Lead is below detectible limit to 0.01 and no contamination. [ w. Nickel (Ni):Nickel is an element that occurs in the environment only at very low levels and is essential in small doses, but it can be dangerous when the maximum tolerable amounts are exceeded. . It usually takes a long time for nickel to be removed from air. The larger part of all Ni compounds that are released to the environment will adsorb to sediment or soil particles and become immobile as a result. In acidic soils, however, Ni becomes more mobile and often leaches down to the adjacent groundwater. In the eight soil samples, the nickel content is between0.22 to0.68 and below limit of contamination.
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. x. Arsenic (As):Arsenate can adsorb or co precipitates with metal sulfides and has a high affinity for other sulfur compounds. Elemental arsenic and arsine, AsH3, may be present under extreme reducing conditions. Biotransformation (via methylation) of arsenic creates methylated derivatives of arsine. As compounds adsorb strongly to soils and are therefore transported only over short distances in groundwater and surface water. In the eight samples the arsenic values are below detectible limit and within permissible limit of contamination. y. Mercury (Hg): Sorption to soils, sediments, and humic materials is an important mechanism for the removal of Hg from solution. Sorption is pH dependent and increases as pH increases. Mercury may also be removed from solution by co-precipitation with sulphides. Under anaerobic conditions, both organic and inorganic forms of Hg may be converted to alkylated forms by microbial activity, such as by sulfur-reducing bacteria. Elemental mercury may also be formed under anaerobic conditions by demethylation of methyl mercury, or by reduction of Hg (II). Acidic conditions (pH < 4) also favor the formation of methyl mercury, whereas higher pH values favor precipitation of HgS(s) .In the eight samples the mercury content is below detectible limit and within permissible limit of contamination.. z. Cadmium (Cd):The application of agricultural inputs such as fertilizers, pesticides, and bio-solids (sewage sludge), the disposal of industrial wastes or the deposition of atmospheric contaminants increases the total concentration of Cd in soils, and the bioavailability of this Cd determines whether plant Cd uptake occurs to a significant degree. Cadmium is very bio -persistent but has few toxicological properties and, once absorbed by an organism, remains resident for many years. The eight samples contain cadmium is BDL to 0.01 and within permissible limits of contamination.
3.5 DRAINAGE AND GEOMORPHOLOGY
The assignment w.r.t. Hydrology, ground water & Water conservation and geology (HG & GEO) has been done by Dr. J.B. Pishte who is an empanelled expert FAE of EEIPL for HG & GEO. The scope of work methodology involved and allied details are presented in following paragraphs.
A visit to the project site and field work in the surrounding area was carried out on December 16, 2018, to study Geology and Hydrogeology (HG-Geo) of the area and assess the possible impact of the project on the environment. This (EIA) report covers results of studies carried out in the area of influence of project. It is based on previous literature, primary data collected by observations during field visit and secondary data obtained from previous literature and through dialogue with local people.
3.5.1 Methodology
3.5.1.1 Literature Review Groundwater Brochure, Kachchh District and Groundwater Year Book – 2015 -16,Gujarat State and UT of Daman & Diu byCentral Ground Water Board areuseful documentsfor the purpose of this work. TheycoverDistrict and StateLevel information on hydrogeology and
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. geology.Literature related to quality of groundwater, effluents and waste waters of industrial projects and their impact on geology and groundwater regime was also referred to.
3.5.2 Data Generation and Analysis
3.5.2.1 Hydrogeology
The area under study is situated in sedimentary deposits of Quaternary Period, which consist mostly of unconsolidated sand, and calcareous clay. The groundwater in the area is saline and not much suitable for drinking or irrigation. Therefore, number of dug wells and bore wells is very small and they are sparsely distributed. Well inventoryat available dug wells was carried out and available bore wellis within the area of influence of the project were visited to obtain hydrogeological information and groundwater samples.Water samples were handed over to M/s Equinox Environments Pvt. Ltd. Kolhapur, for analysis. Interpretations regarding water quality parameters above the prescribed limits were made by referring to books and research papers on quality of ground water.
3.5.2.2 Geology Observations on sediments and one rock outcrop were made at ground surface,in dug well and lake sections and other types of excavations existing in the area. Rock types and their structures observed in the area were identified by in situ visual examination and broken hand specimens.
3.6 GEOMORPHOLOGY AND DRAINAGE
3.6.1 Geomorphology Geomorphologically, Kutch district is categorized into four major E-W trending zones, namely, 1. Coastal Zone - demarcating the southern fringe 2. Kutch Mainland 3. Banni Plains 4. The two Ranns: Great Rann- (~ 2mMSL) inthenorthand
3.6.2 Drainage The SakraNadi valley lies in the northern hilly region. It has relatively greater drainage density. The ChurwaNadi and Sang Nadion the south of the project flow east-south- eastwards through the plains towards the tip of Gulf of Kutch (Fig. 3.11). The drainage network of these two streamsis characteristic of alluvial plains, where, the channels are filled withtheir own sediments attaining mature stage of drainage development. They have very shallow and wide channels, so much so, that they are hardly noticeable in field.The steams show parallel drainage pattern, with moderate drainage density.
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Figure 3.12 Drainage Map
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Figure 3.13 Geology and Mineral Map
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3.6.3 Geology and Hydrogeology
3.6.3.1 Geology Alluvial deposits are found along the southern fringe of Kutch district forming the coastal plain. The alluvial deposits due to the river system flowing through the area have subsequently been overlain by the aeolian deposits. The Project area is located in the eastern most part of Coastal Plain adjacent to the western fringe of Little Rann. Hard pan of calcareous sticky clay occurs locally as thin layer just below ground level, noticed at MithiRohar and Bhimasar villages(Photograph No. 3.14). These deposits are fairly deep, light yellowish in colour. The texture is sandy to sandy loam with silty clay loam in some areas.
Figure 3.14 Hard pan in sandy soil at Mithi Rohar lake
.
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Figure 3.15 Expanse of alluvial deposite at Bhimasar
Figure 3.16 Fragmented basalt exposed in rock quarry north of Tapar village
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3.6.3.2 Hydrogeology
The quality of groundwater is not suitable in coastal area and the Little Rann where the degree of mineralization is rather high and salinity is common.Though good yielding aquifers occur in this area, salinity is a constraint for groundwater development. Groundwater in southern part of the study area is reported to be saline. It cannot be used for drinking or domestic or agricultural purpose. Therefore, number of dug wells or bore wells is very small in this part. We could find only three dug wells in the area of influence of the project. The DW1 belongs to GrampanchayatBhimasar, DW2 is in Ankaleshwar temple premises on Tappar-Anjar road, and DW3 belonging to a farmer at Modvadar. This DW3 has relatively less saline water which is used for agricultural irrigation purpose. Most of the bore wells in the area are sunk for tapping the saline water for purification through RO systems and selling in the market. Only one bore well in northern part of the study area(BW3 at Location No. 8, Tappar village) is found to be used for drinking or agricultural purpose. The quality of water is little saline and it was reported that it spoils milk if added for making tea etc. Therefore, collection of groundwater samples as per plan and with reference to drainage network was bit difficult. Therefore, samples were collected as per availability in field with a view to cover all directions around the Project site as far as possible. The details of sample locations are given in Table No. 3.7 below.
Table 3.7 Well Inventory
No. Location Type Sample Location Ground SWL Water Number & of well No. Latitude Longitude Level in (mbgl) Level in Village m from m from MSL MSL 1 MithiRohar BW GW 1 23° 6' 28.65'' N 70° 10' 2.38'' E -- 2 Padana BW GW 2 23° 9' 16.90'' N 70° 11' 20.49'' E -- 3 Bhimasar DW GW 3 23° 11' 8.96'' N 70° 9' 55.59'' E 4.6 4 Tappar BW GW 4 23° 14' 54.82'' N 70° 8' 53.41'' E -- 5 Lakhapar-gaon DW GW 5 23° 13' 38.04'' N 70° 6' 16.08'' E 4.6 6 Varsamedi BW GW6 23° 7' 57.52'' N 70° 5' 13.44'' E -- 7 Varsamedi BW GW 7 23° 8' 8.01'' N 70° 5' 41.02'' E -- 8 Modvadar DW GW 8 23° 9' 28.32'' N 70° 8' 39.01'' E 6.4
Note. (BW= Bore Well, DW= Dug Well, MSL=Mean Sea Level, SWL= Static Water Level, mbgl= Meters Below Ground Level)
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Figure 3.17 Geological & Geology & Hydrological Map
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Figure 3.18 Geo-hydrological Map
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3.7 METEOROLOGY
3.7.1 Introduction
Micro-meteorological data within the study area during the air quality survey period is an indispensable part of air pollution studies. The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as for input to the predictive models for air quality dispersion. Historical data on meteorological parameters will also play an important role in identifying the general meteorological status of the region. Site specific data can be compared with the historical data in order to identify changes, which may have taken place due to the rapid industrialization in the area.
The micro-meteorological parameters regulate the transport and diffusion of pollutants released into the atmosphere. The principal variables, which affect the micrometeorology, are horizontal connective transport (average wind speed and direction), vertical connective transport (atmospheric stability and inversion conditions) and topography of the area. The climate of the study area and surrounding area is generally dry except in the southwest monsoon season. The year may broadly be divided into four seasons.
Winter season: December to February Pre-monsoon season: March to May Monsoon season: June to September Post monsoon season: October and November
Temperature
The climate of the region is predominantly dry and arid due to its proximity to Desert Raan of Kutch and the Gulf. The area has three distinct season i.e. winter, summer, and monsoon. Winters can be harsh with temperatures dropping down to 4 degrees Celsius, and summer equally harsh with temperatures soaring up to 47 degrees Celsius.
Rainfall
The annual average rainfall in the study area is high i.e.368 mm.
3.7.2 Methodology
The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) and the Indian Meteorology Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological variables in order to generate the data, which is then compared with the meteorological data generated by IMD from the nearest station at Kutch.
3.7.2.1 Methodology of Data Generation
Meteorological data has been generated at the site. The meteorological parameters were monitored for one season i.e. from October 2018 – November 2018 – December 2018. Details of parameters monitored, equipments used & frequency of monitoring is given in Table 3.8
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Table 3.8 Meteorological Parameters
No. Parameters Instrument Frequency 1 Wind Speed Counter Cup Anemometer Every Hour 2 Wind Direction Wind Vane Every Hour 3 Temperature Thermometer Min./Max. Once in a day 4 Relative Humidity Dry/Wet bulb Thermometer Twice a day
3.7.2.2 Sources of Information
Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Kutch. Also, references were taken from book Climatological normals (1971-2000). Wind roses, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall intensity have been compiled from IMD station, Kutch. Similarly, data on cloud cover is compiled from climatologically tables from the IMD station of Kutch. Wind Pattern at Project Wind Speed and direction are recorded at site every hour. Predominant wind during study season is from North (N) direction. The details are tabulated in Annexure-II.
3.8 AIR QUALITY
3.8.1 Introduction The ambient air quality with respect to study zone of 10 Km radius around the SGEPPL site forms the baseline information. The study area represents some urban environment although there is dominance of rural habitation. The various sources of air pollution in the study area are commercial and residential activities from the urban as well as rural areas, transportation and vehicular traffic etc. The impact of said actions and events through various emissions is reflected in the results of ambient air quality monitoring. The major air pollutants released into atmosphere from the different sources are PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx and to small extent CO. However, these again vary with type and nature of the sources.
This section describes selection of sampling locations, includes the methodology of sampling and analytical techniques with frequency of sampling. Presentation of results for the October 2018 –November 2018 – December 2018 survey is followed by observations. All the requisite monitoring assignments, sampling and analysis was conducted through the environmental laboratory of M/s. Green Enviro Safe Engineers & Consultant Pvt. Ltd., Puneis NABL accredited and MOEFCC; New Delhi approved organization. Further, same has received certifications namely ISO 9001– 2008, ISO 14001– 2004 and OHSAS 18001– 2007 from DNV. Mr. Yuvraj Damugade who are FAEs of EEIPL for AQ.
3.8.2 Methodology
3.8.2.1Selection of Sampling Locations
The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through an ambient air quality monitoring network. The design of monitoring network, in the air quality surveillance program, is based on considerations namely – (1) Meteorological conditions, (2) Topography of the study area, (3) Representativeness of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status, and (4) Representativeness of likely industrial impact areas. Ambient air
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. monitoring was conducted in the study area to assess the quality of air for SO2, NOx, CO, PM10 and PM2.5. Ambient AAQM stations were set up at Eight locations with due consideration to the above mentioned points, details of which are presented below. Monitoring of air quality was done here over a period of one season. Refer Ambient Air Quality Monitoring data for a period of one season enclosed at Annexure – III
Table 3.9 AAQM Location Details
AAQM Name of the Station Location Distance from the Direction w.r.t. Station Code Station Site (Km) the Site Near Industrial - A1 -- -- Site A2 Bhimasar Nearest Habitation 2.78 NE A3 Pasuda 7.61 NE Cross Wind A4 Ajapar 3.66 W A5 Morwadar 2.37 S Downwind A6 Padana 4.73 SE A7 Varsana Crosswind 5.95 E A8 Tapar Upwind 8.0 N
3.8.2.2 Parameters, Frequency and Analysis Methods for AAQ Monitoring
Frequency adopted for sampling is two days per week; 24 hourly for all Eight ambient air quality stations. The baseline data of air environment, for all the seven monitoring stations, was generated. Details of same are presented in following table.
Table 3.10 AAQ Parameters, Monitoring Frequency and Analysis Methods
No. Parameters Frequency of Monitoring Analysis Methods
1 PM10 Continuous, 24 Hourly, twice a week Gravimetric Method (IS:5182, Part IV) 2 PM2.5 Continuous, 24 Hourly, twice a week Gravimetric Method (IS:5182, Part IV) 3 SO2 8 Hourly, three samples/day, twice a Modified West and Gaeke Method (IS: week 5182, Part II; Sodium Tetra chloro- mercurate). 4 NOx 8 Hourly, three samples/day, twice a Jacobs and Hochheiser Method week (IS: 5182, Part VI) 5 CO Once in a day, once a week NDIR Method (IS: 5182, Part X)
3.8.3 Presentation of Results
The summary of results for analysis of ambient air monitoring is presented in Table 3.10. The permissible ambient air quality limits are also presented in Table 3.11.
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Table 3.11 Summary of the AAQ Monitoring Results for Season [October – November – December 2018]
Location Near Industrial Bhimasar Pasuda Ajapar Morwadar Padana Varsana Tapar Site PM10 Max. 67.70 66.30 69.60 64.80 64.10 62.50 66.20 66.00 g/M3 Min. 52.20 51.90 51.50 51.70 51.30 52.50 50.70 54.40 Avg. 60.74 59.57 59.73 58.83 58.93 59.33 60.02 60.09 98% 65.39 64.59 65.42 63.49 62.73 62.01 64.47 63.40 PM2.5 Max. 31.50 30.30 34.30 32.30 30.50 26.90 27.90 27.80 g/M3 Min. 18.40 14.80 17.70 13.50 13.20 15.90 16.60 12.60 Avg. 23.78 23.20 23.08 21.77 22.65 21.89 22.69 22.33 98% 28.37 28.48 28.94 27.53 28.70 25.99 27.16 26.25 SO2 Max. 30.30 28.90 27.20 25.40 26.80 27.60 28.30 30.30 g/M3 Min. 13.60 12.90 11.70 15.20 13.60 14.50 14.40 15.70 Avg. 22.34 21.05 20.61 20.68 20.55 21.49 21.18 21.79 98% 27.11 25.81 24.62 24.12 24.65 25.58 24.31 25.65 NOx Max. 35.20 36.80 36.60 36.50 35.50 34.40 37.40 37.80 g/M3 Min. 24.80 25.20 25.70 26.10 25.80 25.80 25.90 25.50 Avg. 30.88 30.69 30.13 30.88 29.72 29.30 31.16 30.69 98% 33.44 34.10 32.96 33.98 32.93 32.55 34.42 33.79 CO Max. 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.16 mg/m3 Min. 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 Avg. 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 98% 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13
Notes: PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx are computed based on 24 hourly values. , CO is computed based on 8 hourly values
Table 3.12 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) by CPCB (Notification No. S.O.B-29016/20/90/PCI-L by MOEFCC; New Delhi dated 18.11.2009)
Zone Station Industrial, Ecologically Residential, Rural Sensitive Area &Other Area PM10 24 Hr 100 100 (g/M3) A.A. 60 60 PM2.5 24 Hr 60 60 (g/M3) A.A. 40 40 SO2 24 Hr 80 80 (g/M3) A.A. 50 20 NOx 24 Hr 80 80 (g/M3) A.A. 40 30 CO 8 Hr 2 2 (mg/M3) 1 Hr. 4 4 Note: A.A. represents Annual Average
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3.8.4Observations
The observations in respect of results presented in Table 3.11 are given below
Particulate Matter (PM10)
PM10 values at all the eight locations are attributed to windblown dust. The 98 percentile values at eight stations viz. Near Industrial Site, Bhimasar, Pasuda, Ajapar, Morwadar, Padana, Varsana, Tapar, are observed between 69.60to 50.70 g/M3 which is below the 3 permissible value of 100 g/M for residential zones. Average value of PM10for industrial site is 60.74g/M3.
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
All the observed values are within the permissible limits for residential and rural conditions i.e. 60 g/m3. The average values range between 21.77 g/M3 to 23.78g/M3
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
3 All the observations are well below the permissible limits of 80 g/M with average SO2 concentrations ranging between 20.55g/M3 to 22.34 g/M3
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
All the observed values are within the permissible limits for residential and rural conditions (i.e. 80 g/M3). The average values range between 29.30 g/M3 to 31.16 g/M3
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
The average values range between 0.09 g/M3 to 0.10g/M3
3.9WATER QUALITY
3.9.1Introduction
Selected water quality parameters, for surface and ground water resources from the study area, have been considered for assessing water environment and to evaluate impact due to the project. Understanding water quality is important in environmental impact assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.
3.9.2Methodology
3.9.2.1Methodology of Data Generation
Reconnaissance was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on – (1) Topomaps and drainage map to identify major water bodies, and (2) likely areas which can represent baseline conditions. Sampling and analysis of water samples for physical, chemical and heavy metals were undertaken through NABL & MoEFCC; New Delhi approved laboratory of M/s. Green Enviro Safe Engineers & Consultant Pvt. Ltd., Pune which is NABL accredited& MoEFCC; New Delhi approved organization. Further, same has received certification of OHSAS 18001:2007 from DNV. Eight locations for surface water and five locations for ground water samples were selected which are listed in table 3.12 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 78
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Table 3.13 Monitoring Locations for Surface Water
Station Name of the Station Distance from Direction Justification Code Site; Km from Site SW1 Chruwa River 5 SE Midstream SW2 Chruwa River 7.23 SE Downstream SW 3 Chruwa River 9.47 SE Downstream SW 4 Tapar Lake 8.97 N Lake SW5 Gangasar Lake 1.43 S Lake SW6 Chruwa River (Mota Pasawariya) 8.35 W Upstream SW7 Bhimasar Lake 2.12 NE Lake SW8 Chruwa River ( Anjar) 3.70 W Upstream
Table 3.14 Monitoring Location for Ground water
Station Name of the station Geographical Location Distance Direction Code from site from site Km GW1 MithiRohari 2306’28.65’’N 70010’2.380E 7.32 S GW2 Padanagaon 2309’16.90’’N 70011’20.490E 4.34 SE GW3 Bhimasar village 23011’8.96’’N 7009’55.590E 2.35 NE GW4 Tapar village 23014’54.82’’N 7008’53.410E 8.77 N GW5 Tapar- Lakhapargaon 23013’38.04’’N 7006’16.080E 8.37 NW GW6 Versamedi 2307’57.52’’N 07005’13.440E 7.68 SW Grampanchayat GW7 Versamedi 2308’8.01’’N 7005’41.020E 6.81 SW GW8 Modavadar 2309’28.32’’N 7008’39.010E 1.46 SW
3.9.3Sampling Procedure for Primary Data Generation Ground and surface water sources, covered in an area of 10 Km radius from the proposed site were examined for physico-chemical, heavy metal and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of industrial and other activities on surface and ground water. The samples were collected and analyzed as per procedures specified in ‘Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA).Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples were collected in sterilized glass bottles for bacteriological portability test. Parameters analyzed at the site were pH, temperature, odour, turbidity and dissolved oxygen using portable water analysis kits.
Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for assessing the existing water quality status in the core area. Results for the parameters analyzed in surface water samples, are compared with Class ‘C’ water as per IS: 10500:2012, Second Revision; “Specifications for Drinking Water’’.
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3.9.4 Presentation of Results
3.9.4.1 Surface Water
Analysis results for surface water are given in table below. Copies of actual reports are presented at Annexure-IV. Table 3.15 Surface Water Result
Location Upstrea m Upstrea Churwa Chruwa Churwa Chruwa m Limit IS No Parameter Unit River River River Tapar Gangasa Bhimas River Churwa 10500: Mid Down Down Lake r Lake ar lake (Mota River 2012 Stream Steam stream Pasawar (Anjar) iya) Hazen 1 Color 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 5.00 Unit Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl Agreeabl 2 Odor -- Agreeable e e e e e e e e 3 pH -- 8.40 8.00 8.30 8.40 8.30 8.00 7.80 7.40 6.5-8.5 Not 4 Conductivity µS/cm 945.57 658.57 800.07 945.57 1029.14 655.51 936.47 572.80 Specified 5 TDS mg/lit 633.55 441.25 536.06 633.55 689.54 439.20 627.45 383.79 < 500.00 6 Turbidity NTU 0.40 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.30 0.40 < 1.00 Not 7 TSS mg/lit 20.24 13.54 15.58 20.24 21.74 13.58 15.74 17.74 Specified Not 8 DO mg/lit 4.00 4.80 5.10 4.00 4.50 4.40 4.20 4.80 Specified Not 9 COD mg/lit 106.58 46.80 75.84 106.58 114.00 42.79 55.28 41.44 Specified 10 BOD mg/lit 44.63 18.69 28.47 44.63 51.67 15.41 21.63 15.35 Not 3 days 270C Specified Ammonical 11 mg/lit 0.34 0.38 2.96 0.34 0.05 0.41 0.57 0.25 < 0.50 Nitrogen 12 Nitrate as NO2 mg/lit 13.09 3.43 9.84 13.09 18.35 9.52 14.84 3.14 < 45.00 Nitrogen as Not 13 mg/lit 2.01 0.28 1.09 2.01 2.02 0.01 2.16 0.74 NO3 Specified Not 14 Nitrate as N mg/lit 1.48 0.45 1.25 1.48 1.55 1.33 1.24 0.15 Specified Phosphorous as Not 15 mg/lit 1.84 0.86 0.57 1.84 1.42 0.98 1.07 0.54 PO4 Specified Not 16 Potassium as K mg/lit 38.60 21.10 28.30 38.60 42.80 22.30 41.40 30.80 Specified Not 17 Sodium as Na mg/lit 38.30 14.20 28.90 38.30 36.80 31.20 46.30 12.40 Specified 18 Calcium as Ca mg/lit 49.05 47.86 50.44 49.05 44.96 31.95 33.27 24.21 < 75.00 Magnesium as 19 mg/lit 24.89 16.57 20.11 24.89 21.84 10.42 13.32 8.69 < 30.00 Mg Total Hardness 20 mg/lit 225.17 187.92 208.95 225.17 202.38 122.81 138.05 96.33 < 200.00 as CaCO3 Carbonates as 21 2- mg/lit 72.60 55.67 60.98 72.60 108.10 56.90 118.60 68.90 Not Specified CO3 Bicarbonates 22 mg/lit 218.20 181.30 192.10 218.20 222.10 142.40 154.20 116.40 Not Specified as HCO3 Chlorides as 23 mg/lit 93.13 66.78 78.63 93.13 99.44 105.29 110.42 71.79 < 250.00 Cl- Sulphates as 24 mg/lit 78.14 30.62 57.50 78.14 86.90 23.91 87.62 42.30 < 200.00 SO4 25 Sulphide as mg/lit 0.03 BDL BDL 0.03 0.02 0.01 BDL BDL < 0.05 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 80
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Location Upstrea m Upstrea Churwa Chruwa Churwa Chruwa m Limit IS No Parameter Unit River River River Tapar Gangasa Bhimas River Churwa 10500: Mid Down Down Lake r Lake ar lake (Mota River 2012 Stream Steam stream Pasawar (Anjar) iya) H2S 26 Fluorides as F- mg/lit 0.82 0.47 0.58 0.82 0.88 0.53 1.72 0.54 < 1.00 27 Iron as Fe mg/lit 0.21 0.13 0.18 0.21 0.24 0.15 0.36 0.44 < 0.30 Aluminum as 28 mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.03 Al 29 Barium as Ba mg/lit 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.26 0.53 0.14 0.24 <0.70 30 Boron as B mg/lit 0.23 BDL 0.34 0.23 0.21 BDL 0.23 BDL < 0.50 31 Copper as Cu mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL < 0.05 32 Selenium as Se mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.01 33 Zinc as Zn mg/lit 0.48 1.09 2.23 0.48 1.24 1.36 BDL 2.24 <5.00 Cadmium as 34 mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL 0.00 0.00 BDL BDL <0.003 Cd 35 Lead as Pb mg/lit 0.00 BDL 0.00 0.00 0.01 BDL BDL BDL <0.01 36 Mercury as Hg mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.001 37 Nickel as Ni mg/lit 0.01 BDL BDL 0.01 BDL BDL BDL BDL < 0.02 38 Arsenic as As mg/lit 0.00 BDL BDL 0.00 BDL BDL BDL BDL < 0.01 Chromium as 39 mg/lit 0.04 BDL 0.03 0.04 BDL BDL BDL 0.01 < 0.05 Cr No./100 40 Total Coliform 280 610 330 280 550 480 120 560 Absent ml No./100 41 Fecal Coliform 90 440 520 90 70 120 40 210 Absent ml Note: NS – Not Specified
3.9.4.2 Ground water
Eight locations for ground water samples were selected which are listed below. Analysis results for the ground water samples are given in following Table 3.16. Copies of actual reports are presented at Annexure-V.
Table 3.16 Ground Water Result
N Paramete Unit Location Limits o r Mithi Padanaga Bhimas Tapar Lakhaparg Versamedi Versame Modavad IS Rohari on ar Village aon Grampancha di ar 10500: Village yat 2012 1 Color Hazen 3.10 2.10 3.50 2.3 2.70 3.20 2.70 2.50 5.00 Unit 2 Odor -- Agreeab Agreeable Agreeab Agreeab Agreeable Agreeable Agreeabl Agreeable Agreea le le le e ble 3 pH -- 7.50 7.10 7.40 7.6 7.40 6.90 7.00 7.20 6.5-8.5 4 Conductiv µS/cm 1011.53 1272.51 793.47 821.73 1026.10 819.93 872.63 830.97 Not ity Specifie d 5 TDS mg/lit 677.74 852.60 531.64 550.57 687.51 549.37 584.68 556.77 < 500.00 6 Turbidity NTU 0.67 0.25 0.30 0.80 0.35 0.60 0.36 0.55 < 1.00 7 TSS mg/lit 15.98 11.43 12.47 18.28 13.58 16.54 13.41 21.44 Not Specifie d 8 (COD) mg/lit 46.56 72.18 19.40 58.20 46.56 54.30 34.92 50.44 Not Specifie d Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 81
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N Paramete Unit Location Limits o r Mithi Padanaga Bhimas Tapar Lakhaparg Versamedi Versame Modavad IS Rohari on ar Village aon Grampancha di ar 10500: Village yat 2012 9 (BOD) 3 mg/lit 18.69 26.16 8.02 18.00 22.00 17.00 12.00 18.00 Not days Specifie at 27oC d 10 Ammonic mg/lit 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.73 0.01 0.09 0.10 0.51 < 0.50 al Nitrogen 11 Nitrate as mg/lit 31.49 26.10 22.57 12.87 28.10 15.46 19.92 16.92 < 45.00 NO3 12 Nitrite as mg/lit 5.16 4.18 2.86 1.71 3.21 2.87 1.07 2.09 Not NO2 Specifie d 13 Nitrogen mg/lit BDL 0.32 0.41 0.24 BDL 0.32 0.52 BDL Not as N Specifie d 14 Phosphoro mg/lit 0.26 1.15 1.056 0.15 0.19 1.05 1.26 0.57 Not us as PO4 Specifie d 15 Potassium mg/lit 52.76 65.78 25.98 24.09 54.98 22.98 36.89 42.87 Not as K Specifie d 16 Sodium as mg/lit 48.23 51.89 61.54 58.98 42.97 55.23 43.93 45.83 Not Na Specifie d 17 Calcium mg/lit 80.44 52.44 61.11 58.96 47.65 78.90 54.14 42.40 < 75.00 as Ca 18 Magnesiu mg/lit 38.21 28.06 24.56 28.87 15.46 38.93 17.28 19.78 < 30.00 m as Mg 19 Total mg/lit 358.53 246.71 253.96 266.34 182.82 357.64 206.54 187.49 < Hardness 200.00 as CaCO3 20 Carbonate mg/lit 34.50 54.60 27.80 19.20 29.60 21.60 25.68 18.90 Not 2- s as CO3 Specified 21 Bicarbona mg/lit 82.57 76.98 43.98 54.76 78.67 45.97 76.53 88.54 Not tes as Specified HCO3 22 Chlorides mg/lit 118.60 216.50 230.80 117.40 264.50 162.10 231.09 246.50 < 250.00 as Cl- 23 Sulphates mg/lit 181.60 271.20 26.12 168.70 117.30 99.78 72.58 29.24 < 200.00 as SO4 24 Sulphide mg/lit 0.40 BDL BDL BDL BDL 1.60 0.80 1.60 < 0.05 as H2S 25 Fluorides mg/lit 1.07 1.88 1.02 1.21 1.56 0.95 1.43 0.21 < 1.00 as F- 26 Iron as Fe mg/lit 0.36 0.23 0.27 0.38 0.25 0.29 0.35 0.28 < 0.30 27 Aluminu mg/lit 0.01 BDL BDL BDL 0.01 BDL BDL BDL <0.03 m as Al 28 Barium as mg/lit 0.39 BDL 0.12 BDL 0.04 BDL BDL BDL <0.70 Ba 29 Boron as mg/lit 0.21 0.12 0.45 0.34 0.14 0.41 0.23 0.18 < 0.50 B 30 Copper as mg/lit 0.02 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL < 0.05 Cu 31 Selenium mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.01 as Se 32 Zinc as Zn mg/lit 1.43 1.08 0.98 1.99 2.87 0.88 0.88 0.35 <5.00 33 Cadmium mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.003 as Cd 34 Lead as mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.01 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 82
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N Paramete Unit Location Limits o r Mithi Padanaga Bhimas Tapar Lakhaparg Versamedi Versame Modavad IS Rohari on ar Village aon Grampancha di ar 10500: Village yat 2012 Pb 35 Mercury mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL <0.001 as Hg 36 Nickel as mg/lit 0.01 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL < 0.02 Ni 37 Arsenic as mg/lit BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL < 0.01 As 38 Chromiu mg/lit BDL 0.02 0.01 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL < 0.05 m as Cr 39 Total No./100 22 32 32 32 28 35 32 36 Absent Coliform ml 40 Fecal No./100 3 4 7 2 4 4 7 2 Absent Coliform ml
From the above analysis table it is seen that, most of the quality parameter limit except TDS, Hardness and Chloride content. The TDS, hardness in this region is generally high due to its natural rock structure in the area. The maximum and minimum value of the parameters is given in above table.
3.10 NOISE LEVEL SURVEY
3.10.1 Introduction
The Physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in general is that sound which is composed of many frequency components of various loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. Most common and universally accepted scale is the ‘A’ weighted scale which is measured as dB (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 HZ. Scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear.Impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on:
Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as the one, which is of continuously varying loudness. Time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance. Location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.
The Environmental Impact of noise can have several effects varying from noise Induced hearing loss to annoyance depending on loudness of noise levels. Environmental impact assessment of noise from the industrial activity, vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.
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The study area of 10 Km radius with reference to the SGEPPLindustry site was covered for noise environment. Four zones viz. residential, commercial, industrial and silent zones have been considered for noise monitoring. Some of the major arterial roads were covered to assess noise due to traffic. Noise monitoring was undertaken for 24 hours at each location.Purpose of noise pollution impact assessment in the study area is to assess impact of total noise generated by industries and vehicular traffic on the human settlements within 10 Km radius. Main objectives of the studies conducted were -
Assessment of background noise levels Identification and monitoring the major noise sources of the existing activity Impact of noise on the workers as well as on general population.
The assignment of noise was done by FAEof EEIPLfor NV - Mr. Vinay Kumar Kurakula in the month of December 2018.
3.10.2 Identification of Sampling Locations
A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. Noise generating sources have been identified with respect to the activities, viz. industrial noise and ambient noise due to industries and traffic, which have impact on sensitive areas. Noise sampling locations have been indicated below.
3.10.2.1 Ambient Noise Monitoring Stations
The noise survey involved determination of noise levels, in decibels, at following 8locations in study area. Noise levels were recorded once in a month for 24-hour period at each village. Refer Annexure- VI for Copies of actual reports.
Table3.17 Noise Sampling Locations
Station Name of the Distance from Direction Code Sampling Point Site (Km) from Site N1 Project Site - - N2 MithiRohar 7.23 S N3 Morwadar 2.37 S N4 Ajapar 3.66 W N5 Nana paswariya 6.62 W N6 NaniChirai 8.18 NE N7 Bhimasar 2.78 NE N8 Tapar 8.0 N
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Figure 3.19 Noise Monitoring Locations
A noise rating developed by EPA for specification of community noise from all the sources is the day-night sound level, (Ldn). It is similar to a 24-hour equivalent sound level except that during the night-time period, which extends from 10 PM to 6 AM, a 10 dB (A) weighing penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing 24 hour average. This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that noise during night, when people usually sleep, is judged more annoying than the same noise during the daytime.For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the certain noise levels exceeding during the time interval. Notation for statistical quantities of noise levels is described below:
L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 percent of the time L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 percent of the time, and L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 percent of the time Lday is equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 AM to 10 PM). Lnight is equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 PM to 6 AM).
Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq):
Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level that is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time.This is calculated from the following equation:
2 (L10-L90) Leq=L50+ ------60
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Ldn: Noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is all day-nights Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except during night time period (10 PM to 6 AM) where a 10 dB(A) weighing penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average. Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s, by the equation.
Ldn=10 log {1/24[15(10 Ld/10) +9 (10(Ln+10)/10)]}
Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the daytime (6 AM to 10 PM) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night-time (10 PM to 6 AM).
3.10.2.2 Method of Monitoring
A detailed noise level survey was undertaken to study the levels of noise, as the high noise levels may cause adverse effect on human beings and the associated environment. Noise level monitoring was carried out through MoEFCC; New Delhi approved laboratory-M/s. Green Enviro Safe Engineers Consultant Pvt. Ltd., Pune - that has also received NABL as well as ISO 9001: 2008, ISO 14001:2004 and OHSAS 18001: 2007 accreditations.
3.10.2.3 Standards for Noise Levels
MoEFCC has notified ambient air quality standards in respect of noise vide Gazette notification Dated 14th February 2000. It is based on the ‘A’ weighted equivalent noise level (Leq). The standards are given in following table
Table 3.18 Ambient Noise Level Standards
Area Category Limits in dB(A) Leq Code Day Time Night Time A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40 Ref: Noise Rules 2000; Gazette of India 14th Feb 2000.
Standards for Occupational Noise: (U.S.A)
Industrialized countries have specified limits for occupational noise exposure. The permissible noise exposure limit for industrial workers is primarily concerned with the harmful aspect of noise and its objective is to protect the hearing of majority of working people. The American Conference Government of Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), USA has prescribed the following permissible noise exposure limits for industrial workers. These limits are given in Table 3.19
Table 3.19 Standards for Occupational Exposure
Exposure Time in Hour/Day 8 4 2 1 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 Limit in dB(A) 090 093 096 099 102 105 108 111 114 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 86
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Exposure to continuous or intermittent noise louder than 115 dB(A) should not be permitted. Exposure to pulse or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB (A).
OSHA Standards
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have also prescribed the following allowable limits to noise exposure for industrial workers. These are given in the following Table 3.20 Table 3.20 OSHA Standards for Occupational Exposure
Duration per Day (in hours) 8 6 4 3 2 1.5 1 0.5 0.25 Sound Level in dB(A) 085 087 090 082 085 087 100 105 110
3.10.3 Presentation of Results
Ambient noise levels measured are presented in Table 3.22. Table indicates equivalent noise levels viz. L10, L50, L90, Lday, Lnight and Ldn at different places located within the study area. Similarly, these values viz. Leq, Lday, Lnight and Ldn are compared with the limits.
Table 3.21 Ambient Noise Levels
No. Location Average Noise Level in dB(A)
L10 L50 L90 Leq(day) Leq(night) Ldn 1 N1 59.82 61.70 66.31 65.8 59.8 67.7 2 N2 44.88 47.65 48.98 52.8 43.3 53.0 3 N3 44.99 47.90 48.92 52.8 43.6 53.1 4 N4 44.24 45.65 48.44 52.6 39.5 51.7 5 N5 44.43 45.65 48.63 53.0 39.0 51.9 6 N6 45.05 47.65 48.94 52.8 43.2 52.9 7 N7 44.18 45.20 48.14 52.1 39.0 51.2 8 N8 44.75 48.70 49.62 53.8 44.4 54.0
3.10.3.1 Observations
The Noise levels in the study area are within the permissible limits. The equivalent noise levels during day time in residential area as well as rural area are observed to be within the permissible limits. The equivalent value observed during night time is well below the permissible standards.
3.11 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
3.11.1 Introduction
Socio-economic status of any population is an indicator for development of the region. Any developmental project will have bearing on the living conditions and on the economic base of population in particular and the region as a whole. Similarly, the proposed industry will have
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This report is a part of EIA study to be carried out as per the MoEF&CC Notification No. 1533(E) Dated 14th September, 2006. As per the TOR dated 22.01.2019 survey of selected villages within the 10 Km radius of the study area was carried out with the help of an interview schedule. The objective of the survey is to understand the current socio-economic status of these villages and the view of locals about the impacts of SGEPPL as well as to know how much aware they are about the proposed project. The following data was collected between 6th to 10th January 2019 by Dr. A.J. Samant (FAE- SE) and Mr. Chetan Jagdale (SE Associate).
3.11.2 Methodology
Taking the reference of Kutch District Census 2011 the survey of the 13 selected villages, out of 18 villages within the 10 Km radius of SGEPPL, was carried out with the help of a structured close ended interview schedule comprising of 28 questions in Marathi. The schedule was administered using Simple Random Disproportionate and Snowball Sampling Technique. Microsoft office excel software was used for data analysis. A total of 53 locals were covered during the study (Table 1).Photo documentation was done during the survey (Plate 1)(Plate A).
Table 3.22 Villages within 5km and 5km to 10 km radius of the project site and Sample Size of respondents
No. Village Sample Size 1 Tapar 4 2 Gopalnagar 4 3 Lakhampar 2 4 Varsamedi 5 5 Khara Paswariya 4 6 Padana 4 7 Bhimsar 6 8 Nani Chiri 3 9 Nandgam 4 10 Maravadar 5 11 Mithi Rohar 6 12 Ajapar 4 13 Pashuda 2 Total 53
3.11.3 Results and Discussion
The villages in the study area are small, scattered in the semi arid region with swamps and salt pans in the south east part of the study area. The road network in the region is good due to Kandla and Mundra sea ports and connecting national and state highways through
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The male: female ratio among the respondents was 68:32 respectively. Even though there are more female members in the population, their ratio in respondents is small as some of them were reluctant to respond to questionnaire survey due to their cultural background. Thus educated local women, employed as Gram Panchayat members and school teachers, were intentionally selected in the target respondents due to their exposure and education. Senior citizens were also chosen due to their experience and long stay in the study area. Age group distribution composition of the respondents is given in Table 2. 23
Table 3.23 Age Distribution within Sample size
No. Age Group years Percentage 1 21 to 30 06 % 2 31 to 40 23 % 3 41 to 50 45 % 4 51 to 60 11 % 5 Above 61 15%
Most of the respondents were literate only 7% were illiterate. The literacy level of respondents was up to primary (28%), secondary (40%) and higher secondary (24%) level education. No graduates and post graduates were found during survey due to their traditional local occupation mainly agriculture, small business and labour.
Within the surveyed area, the respondents were mainly involved in diverse single or multiple livelihood activities such as agriculture (49%), daily wages (47%), diverse services, security guard, driver etc. (26%), had their own business (7%). Animal husbandry (Plate B) was also a secondary occupation for some respondents.
Many (45%) of the respondents from the study area had a total family annual income between Rs. 1,25,000 to 1,50,000. Some (38%) had income between Rs. 1, 00,000 to 1, 25,000 and few (10%) had their income above Rs. 1, 50,000. Only 7% of the respondents had their annual income below Rs.1, 00,000. This shows that most households belonged to the lower middle class and upper middle class category (IT department, 2018).However the respondents as expected were reluctant to reveal their actual income. This was observed from their life style, and as many do not calculate their collective income accurately. Major crops grown in the area, according to 66 % respondents are Bajra, 41% Castor, 35%and vegetables mainly (Gavar) 30%. It is observed that practically all farmers take multiple crops as well, such as til (sesame) cotton , moong, wheat and groundnut. In most villages (75%), for drinking water the population depended on Canal (Narmada River) through taps and also partially on groundwater sources like wells and tube wells. According to 86 % respondents there is no shortage of water in the area as it is available Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 89
Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. sufficiently throughout year. Some (16%) however mentioned shortage of water due to last year’s low rainfall. Most (87%) respondents revealed that their water quality is good and in general there was no change in water quality in their area. Only 13 % stated that water quality in their area is bad due to wastewater discharge from Industries in the vicinity and it affects people’s health & agriculture production. Health problems like astama, cough, irritation in the throat, skin problems, stomach upset and kidney stone were reported due to industry pollution. Settlement of soot on roof tops and clothes was also a major complain by villages. Though these pollution problems are a cumulative effect of many factories they need to be taken seriously to avoid further aggravated problems. Majority of the respondents (96%) were unaware of the proposed project by SGEPPL. When asked about their opinion on this, mixed opinions were expressed. As 77% were hopeful about increase in employment while 20% perceived that there would be no change in existing conditions and 15% respondents think that pollution will increase. Only 14% respondents stated that library/ reading room facility is present in their area, this portrays the lack of importance given to this source of information. Cultural centres (Plate C) existed in their villages according to 15% which is being used by the locals. Over 47% stated that there was mandapam in front of the temples which was utilised for numerous purposes. According to 23% respondent there were Primary Health Centre (PHC) (Plate D) in their respective villages which were in proper working conditions. 27% respondents mentioned that Primary Health Sub Centre available in their villages. In a couple of villages PHC were recently constructed and they awaited formal inauguration. According to 93 % of respondents domestic toilet facility was available in their respective villages.All the respondents stated that High school facility is available in the villages. All respondents mentioned that self help groups were working in their areas for socio-economic upliftment of the locals. Specific business was not carried out by these self help groups except money collection for savings and releasing loans, however many women were observed involved in hand embroidery and allied work at individual level which was supplied to major cities through an agent. These women take loan from SHG for purchasing raw material. Good public transportation system (Plate E) is available along with hired pooling transportation facilities according to 95% respondents; this was also observed during field visit to the study sites. According to all respondents there is sports ground facility in respective schools which is being used by students for various sports activities, but common playgrounds are not available for the children. Diverse expectations were expressed by the respondents such as better health facility (64%), needed domestic waste water management (20%), diverse other facilities (30%), higher education facilities(45%), some (16%) stressed on road repairs and new construction and 35% asked for solid waste treatment facilities.
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PLATE - I SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY OF M/S. SHREE GANESH ETHANOL PROCESSING PVT. LTD., (SGEPPL), BHIMASAR, TAL. ANJAR, DIST. KUTCH, GUJARAT
A - Interviw at Village Gopalnagar B - Animal Husbandry- Ajapar
C - Cultural Centre - Pashuda D - Primary Health Centre - Mithi Rohar
E - Private Public Transportation Facility - Tapar F - Improper Solid Waste Management - Moravdar
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3.11.4 Observations
It was observed that the study area has been re-established since 2001 earthquake. Most of the people are Rabari and Ahir (Yadav) caste. Some villages like Versamedi & Ajapar are adopted by Well Spun industry and Bhimsar village adopted by SAHARA industries after earthquake under CER/CSR activities so these villages are having good basic facilities like drinking water (RO water), educational facilities, roads and toilets. Industries provided limited employment to some locals. Visiting doctors were observed in some villages from the dispensary boards. Some villages also have mobile medical van facilities from industries under CSR/CER activity.
Many labourers were from outside states – Rajastan, Bihar, UP. Beneficiary villagers are very reluctant to express any negative effects of industries.
The agricultural production in the area is dependent on monsoon as majority of locals take kharif crops. Crops grown in area are Bajra, Til, Castor, Cotton, Moog, Wheat, Groundnut and Vegetables (Gavar). Due to wild animals like Wild Boar and Nilgai there is loss of agriculture. Water is lifted from Narmada River by Canal and Tapar dam for drinking and domestic use. Just few months back government has given permission to lift water from canal for agriculture purpose as well, however some villages are anxiously waiting for its implementation and are hopeful that it will definitely increase their social, economic and educational standard of living.
Most of the villages (Varsamedi, Khara Paswariya, Ajapar, Padana, Morwadar and Mithi Rohar) are surrounded by Industries and GIDC (Gujarat Industrial Development Corporation) area and people are suffering of pollution due to industries. Water, Air & Odour pollution due to nearest industries, was mentioned by respondents from some parts of the village. Most villages lacked proper drainage system, sewage treatment and solid waste management. (Plate F). Clean, hygienic and well planned villages were observed, specially the rehabilitated ones. The involvement of villagers both financially and physically for their village upliftment was also visible through the interaction with them.
3.11.5 Expectation of Respondents from SGEPPL
Most locals stressed on need of roads, Sanitation and hygiene maintenance, good and enhanced educational facilities in their respective villages. The demand for a fully equipped mobile medical van was seriously stated by many villagers. Job opportunities for locals was genuinely communicated. Facilities and employment for ladies was also stressed by the female respondents. Houses for the poor. Filtered water for drinking purpose Provision of gutters, solid waste management. Plantation of trees
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3.11.6 Conclusion Most respondents from all study villages are dependent on agriculture and some are employed in nearby industries for their livelihood. Major crops grown in the area is sugarcane and jowar. A majority of the population within the sample size had considerable income which is mostly due to agriculture, local employment and business. Improper, inadequate and not within close vicinity health facilities and lack of good roads are the major problems faced by locals. The ground water is very deep and salty. 3.11.7 Suggestions
3.11.7.1 Suggestion for Environmental Management Plan and Corporate Environment Responsibilities-
Massive water conservation measures by involving government, locals as well as NGOs need to be undertaken by the industry. Activities like distribution of bio-fertilizer, saplings, at a subsidise rate as well as training programmes regarding what crop yield be taken should be conducted for villages. Company should organize medical camps at village and school level. Providing a mobile medical van is a must under CER. Proper sanitation facilities are also a necessity of the area. Initiatives for locals to take higher education may enhance the standard of living of the locals. Grampanchayat along with the industry should make provision for infrastructure like roads, toilets in public places as a top priority. Plantation can be done by companies and later maintained by schools/ gram panchayat/ institution, which will act as absorbers of polluted air. Local people’s participation may help to achieve much better positive results.
3.12 ECOLOGY
This EB report for Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. Survey No. 479/2, Village- Bhimasar, Tal.: Anjar, Dist.: Kutch, Gujarat is prepared by Dr. Jay S. Samant (FAE), Mr. Anup Gargate , Dy Manager EB and Mr. Nachiket Patil EB executive .
3.12.1 Study Area
The project site in Bhimasar village limit falls in Anjar Tehsil of Kutch District in Gujarat state. The study area (10 Km radius from the project site) covers 20 villages and settlements out of which 5 fall in 5 km radius and 15 fall between 5 to 10 km radius. The factory site is situated at 29 m MSL. The study area is almost flat terrain in south–eastern Kutch district, close to Kandla port near Gulf of Kutch. The area is well connected by air, rail and road. The Kandla airport is in 10km radius in south, Railway station is at Bhimsar town and the national highway NH8A passes through 5 km radius area. . The industrial plot is located along the Mundra-Bachau national highway NH 41 near Bhimsar village and adjoining beyond this highway is wood
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The climate of the region is predominantly dry and arid due to its proximity to Desert Raan of Kutch and the Gulf. The area has three distinct season i.e. winter, summer, and monsoon. Winters can be harsh with temperatures dropping down to 4 degrees Celsius, and summer equally harsh with temperatures soaring up to 47 degrees Celsius. The area often experiences droughts and annual average rainfall is 368 mm. The soils in the study area are dominated by calcareous, loamy moderately shallow and well drained soils. The land-use land-cover of the study area is dominated by fallow land (45%), crop land (13%), scrub land (11%), barren land (9%), salt pan area (6%) and water bodies (1.4%),whereas built-up area dominated by industries and villagesis around 13%. (Ref. LULC Map).
3.12.2 Methodology
Out of the total 20 villages and settlements within 10 km radius, 15 villages are selected for the field study purpose, i.e. 5 villages within 5 km radius and 10 villages between 5 to 10 km radius are given in Table 3.24
Table 3.24 Names of the villages visited for EB and questionnaire survey and their distance from the project site
In radius 0 to 5 Km In radius 5 to 10 Km No. Villages EB Q. No. Villages EB Q. Study Survey Study Survey 1 Bhimasar * * 6 Nandgam * * 2 Padana * * 7 Churwa * - 3 Morwadar * * 8 Mithi Rohar * * 4 Ajapar * * 9 Varsameri * * 5 Gopalnagar * * 10 Mota Paswariya * * 11 Lakhapar * * 12 Tapar * * 13 Nani-chirai * * 14 Gopalpur * - 15 Pasuda * *
Topo sheet (41/3,41/4), IRS Resourcesat-2A LISS-IV satellite imagery (4/12/2018) and LULC maps based on them are used for the EB study. Relevant data from district Census (2011), Kutch District Gazetteer, district forest reports and relevant literature were referred. In EB study ground truthing was done during field visits by confirming the LULC maps Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 94 Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. before visiting the macro and micro habitats in the study area. In major terrestrial habitats are scrub, barren land and fellow lands and in wetland habitats tanks, streams, rivers, swamps and identified salt pans in the vicinity of the study villages were visited.
Field surveys were conducted from early morning till evening on 4 days (i.e. 6 to 9 January 2019). In biodiversity study random sampling method for flora, particularly trees, and opportunistic sighting method for fauna (Larsen and Viana, 2016) were followed. The visual observation and estimation method was used for qualitative study of the biota. Avifauna was focused being good Indicator of environmental change. Line transects method (Sale and Berkmuller, 1988), and standard point count method (Altmann, 1974) was followed in bird survey. Flora, mainly major tree species, was focused for species dominance. Binoculars of makes Nikon (10X50- 5.2O), Minolta (7X50-7O), and Lupius (8X40-6O) were used for bird observations by referring field guides by Salim Ali (1996), and Grimmet et al. (2005), and for mammals by Prater (1980), and for Herpato fauna Daniel(2002). For photo documentation of habitats and biodiversity records Canon camera (Power-shot SX30IS (hd35x, 14 Megapixels) was used. The data thus generated was estimated for biodiversity and its status. A structured close ended interview schedule, comprising of 21 ecology-biodiversity related multiple choice questions, was administered in local population. By design, in the stratified random sampling, more than 70% of the respondents were above 50 years of age in the sample size of 48 respondents interviewed from the 12 villages. This method was adopted in order to get perception of the local elders about the past and present environmental scenarios, and changes in local natural habitats and biodiversity therein. During study the direct and indirect environmental impacts of local developmental activities on EB are photo documented. Due to time constraint, this field study reflects only winter season data and that too limited to observations during day time and at selected study sites only.
3.12.3 Ecology
3.12.3.1 Field Observations
The natural terrestrial habitats in the study area, as per the LULC study map, were confirmed during the field survey and found to be dominated by fallow land (46 %) followed by open scrub (11%), barren lands (9%), and croplands (13%). Aquatic habitats include rivers, streams, lakes and tanks totaling 2.3% and marshy areas, estuaries and salt pans together 6.2%. Human habitations and industry is almost 13% of the total study area. In the half of the study area in north and north west, the area is still mosaic of wilderness and traditional agriculture habitats, whereas the eastern and south western side is dominated by industries, villages and ribbon development along roads and highways and has more environmental impact environment, habitats around towns and villages. Mixed patches of natural open scrub, fellow land, barren land and crop land is seen at some villages namely Bhimasar, Pasuda, Gopalnagar, Tapar, Chirai, Lakhapar, Paswariya and Ajpar and are found in good condition, while the terrestrial habitats around villages Mithi Rohar, Padana, Churwa, Varsana, Golpadar, Varsameri are degraded due to diverse developmental activities. (Plate I) Around 15 water bodies were visited out of number of small and large wetlands in the study area. Many of the water bodies i.e. Rivers Sang, Churwa and Sakra, and tanks at village Padana, Gopalnagar, Tapar, Varsamedhi and Paswariya were partially orcompletely dried and Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 95 Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. some polluted but many of them i.e. marshy lands and tanks at village Mithi Rohar, Morwadar, Bhimasar, Pasuda, Chirai, Lakhapar and Paswariya are noticed supporting dependent aquatic biodiversity.
During survey some of these natural and most manmade habitats were found to be influenced by a number of developmental activities such as land-use change due to industries, quarries, salt pans, roads, new ribbon settlements along highways etc. through water, air, soil, noise and odor pollution and industrial and domestic waste in the vicinity of villages and natural habitats. Environmental impact of 24 hour heavy vehicle traffic on highways, particularly from Kandla, Mundra sea ports and Bachau national highway NH 41 is noticeable.
It is noticed that domestic sewage, solid waste, industrial waste and influent is frequently released in nearby land and water bodies polluting aquatic habitats. Improper solid waste management (burning or dumping in barren land) is also affecting the natural habitats besides cutting of natural vegetation. Some local respondents complained of health issues due to the pollution from surrounding industries. The natural and manmade habitats in the vicinity of most of the industries are directly or indirectly affected by cumulative adverse environmental impact on their ecology and dependent biodiversity.
3.12.3.2 Questionnaire survey
As per the perception of the elderly respondents, in multiple option question It is revealed that the natural vegetation cover in past was mosaic of scrub (40%), grasslands (36%) with fallow land (14%) while manmade habitats includes different agriculture crops (28%). The natural terrestrial habitats, especially scrub and grasslands, of the local biodiversity are declining as per 32% of the respondents. In wetland habitats the locals reported degradation of most seasonal streams, the three rivers namely Sang, Churwa and Sakra and estuaries in the study area. Tapar major dam and few village tanks are important for locals as the main source of water for livelihood, irrigation in the area and vital for local biodiversity and no significant change are reported in the quality of these water bodies. While some locals also depend on multiple water sources such as seasonal streams, irrigation canal, wells, and tube well.
One third of the respondents (34%) reported qualitative and quantitative degradation in the natural habitats in the region, i.e. deforestation, grassland destruction, pollution of both of the rivers and other wetlands and decrease in number of water holes and drop in subsoil water level. According to the respondents, rapidly increasing industrialization (21%) is the major reason for the declining environmental status of the natural habitats in the region. This is followed by factors like urbanization (12%), pollution from industries (12%), domestic sewage (7%) and agricultural expansion (8%). The respondents believe that the changing land-use isdominated by large industries, salt pans, urbanization, agriculture expansion, roads that has negative impacts on the natural scrub and grasslands and estuarine environment.
3.12.4 Biodiversity
3.12.4.1 Field Observations Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 96 Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd.
Despite disturbance from growing industries and developmental activities, comparatively rich biodiversity is observed particularly in the north and west of the study area. The study area also represents some habitats similar to that of Kutch GIB sanctuary. The biodiversity observed during the field visit includes more than 87 species of avifauna of local and migratory birds belonging to 20 order and 38 families which included species like Lesser and grater Flamingos, Great white Pelican, Demoiselle Crane and some Raptors. Of these 8 species are Near Threatened and 3 species are Vulnerable as per IUCN Red Data Book (2018). The 5 species of mammals recorded during survey are in different schedules of the Wildlife Protection Act (1972) namely Golden Jackal (Sch. III), Indian fox (Sch II),Blue bull (Nilgai)(Sch.III), Common Mongoose (Sch.II) and Three Striped Palm squirrel (not listed). Common dominant wild tree species in the region are Neem, Accasia, and Prosobis.
3.12.4.2 Questionnaire survey
Major crop diversity of the study area is Bajra, Jowar, Wheat, Til, Cotton, Castor, Green gram, Moog, Groundnut and VegetablesIt was revealed from the questionnaire survey that presently the major crops grown in the area are Jowar and Bajra followed by wheat, cotton, maize, groundnut and Red Gram along with common vegetables. Being dry arid region there is no any orchards in the area but some major horticulture species reported are mango, pomegranate and papaya. The common local trees, as reported by the respondents are Banyan, Peepal, Tamarind, Drumstick, Babul, Neem and Mango. These tree species were recorded during field study as well.Wild trees khejadi (Prosopis cineraria), two types of accasia (Acacia catechu, Acacia nilotica). Some locals reported that the pollution from nearby industries is affecting the crops and vegetables resulting in to their health issues.
Major commonwildlife in the area, according to respondents is Nilgai, Chinkara, Wild boar, Indian Fox, Golden Jackel, Indian Hare, Indian Wolf, Porcupine, Common Mongoose and Three-striped Palm Squirrel. A large majority (86%) confirmed occurrence of around 8 common birdsAnaxture II.In reptiles, presence of Spectacled Cobra, Indian Rat Snake, Russel’s viper, Garden lizard and Indian monitor lizard were reported in the region. Some farmers complained of crop damage due to depredation by wild animals like Blue bull and Wild Boar. Though the locals are compassionate towards wildlife due to their traditions and culture, believe that in general wildlife in the region is getting affected due to their habitat loss and industrial activities in the area. As expected there was hardly any information about invertebrate diversity. However, many respondents mentioned presence of spiders, diverse types of butterflies, scorpions and crabs in their locality; however they could not name them. Some of the locals (27%) complained about crop damage by wildlife such as Nilgai, Wild Boar, Indian Hare, Field Rat, Peacock and Sparrows. Some of the respondents (12%), especially the seniors, reported biodiversity decline in the area in recent past. This change was attributed to factors such as Industrialization (20%), urbanizations (11%), agriculture expansion (8%), hunting and poaching (5%), and tree cutting (2%). Refer Annexure II for list of fauna reported by the respondents from the study area.
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3.12.5 Environmental Impact of Proposed Project on Ecology and Biodiversity in the region. The impacts were considered for worst case scenario (direct discharge of untreated wastewater into nearby agriculture, water bodies and air pollution. The factory site is surrounded by other industries, fellow and crop land and human settlement and a national highway. One major stream flows close to the factory site and in case of accident may probably carry leachate, sewage and industrial waste through the stream on site and adjoining terrestrial habitats, human settlements and salt pans. The locals feel that If not controlled, within the premises the proposed project may in future aggravate pollution in the area. Discharge of the untreated wastewater from the industry in surrounding area can also cause significant environmental impact on the aquatic habitats and affect dependent biodiversity. In case of air pollution, the industry is going to contribute in SPM pollution load in the nearby area. This may have negative impact particularly on avifauna, surrounding agriculture and local population. Therefore the pollution control measures as per EMP should strictly be implemented by the industry. It is to be ensured that hazardous effluents, waste do not escape into neighbouring habitats such as open scrub, fellow lands, and agriculture fields in the area through air and seasonal streams and ground water.
3.12.5.1 Green Belt
Observations and Recommendations
The industrial plot proposed by Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. is open land and it is devoid of any vegetation. (PlateIV). As per the information provided by the proponent the total plot area of the industry is 50,282 Sq. M. As per the TOR the required green belt area (i.e. 33% of total plot area) should be on 16,593 Sq. M. And the same percent is proposed as GB area by the proponent. The total number of trees need to be planted along the periphery of the entire plot comes to 2489, while the proponent proposed to plant 2510 trees on the plot. Google image of the total plot of the industry is given in the layout plan (Plate III).
As per the Green belt norms of CPCB, MoEF&CC (2000) Green Belt (GB) in industrial projects, trees of the recommended local species, need to be planted all along the periphery of the entire industrial plot for environmental projection purpose @ not less than 1500 trees per ha in rows to restrict types of pollutions. Plantation of ornamental plants, lawns bushes and shrubs if planted, should be in addition to the minimum required trees in GB for environmental protection and pollution mitigation purpose. Fruit bearing trees in the green belt are not advisable and expected due to the hazard of bio-accumulation, bio-magnification and bio-transformation of hazardous chemicals from the industry to human health and biodiversity.
3.12.5.2 CER Activity Observations and Recommendations Activities for protection and conservation of the local natural habitats by industry with joint participation of locals are to be undertaken on priority. The three villages in the study area namely Bhimasar, Pasudaand Lakhapar are recommended for CER activity for conservation Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E‐mail: [email protected] 98 Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd.
of the existing ecology and biodiversity in their area, as it is still in better state as compared to other villages in the study area. . Depending on local conditions the industry, by involving workers and locals, should demonstrate, encourage and promote suitable eco-friendly alternatives and green technologies in the industry itself and in the villages in the 5 km and 10 km vicinity, stressing on activities like 1, organic farming with drip irrigation to get more yield by consuming less water 2. Mass block tree plantation of local species in villages for carbon sequestration 3. Removal of weeds and exotics in the vicinity, 4. Solid waste and sewage management at domestic and societal level, 5. Awareness and action in water conservation activities like reuse of water, rain water harvesting, ground water table recharge etc. and 6. Environment awareness campaigns with locals for use of solar power, biogas, vermi-composting etc. These CER activities should be undertaken involving locals, particularly youth groups and women self-help groups. In addition to controlling negative impacts of industrial pollution on the village population, proactively above activities would help improve health of the residents, who wouldbe employed in the industry. This initiative should motivate the locals, particularly from Bhimasar and neighbouring villages, and employees from the industry alike to protect ecology and biodiversity for better future through nature conservation.
The proposed CER activities in Ecology and Biodiversity protection and conservation by the company need to be different than routinely carried out ritual activities, rather it should be need based, time bound and result oriented phase-wise activity to protect environment for the well being of the local population. The thrust of the CER activity should be based on eco- friendly, self-reliant and sustainable development of the villages around the industry. Attempt needs to be made to ensure that their CER activity in environmental protection should be innovative and the industry should become a role model to other industries.
Table 3.25 List of Birds observed during field survey
Wildlife Common Feeding IUCN No. Order Family Scientific Name Status Protection Name guild Status Act 1972
Birds 1 Anseriformes Phasianidae Pavo cristatus Indian CR G/I LC Sch I Peafowl 2 Anseriformes Anatidae Dendrocygna Lesser NR P LC Sch IV javanica Whistling- duck 3 Anseriformes Anatidae Anser indicus Bar-headed NW P LC Sch IV Goose
4 Anseriformes Anatidae Sarkidiornis Knob- NR P LC Sch IV melanotos billed Duck
5 Anseriformes Anatidae Tadorna Ruddy NW P LC Sch IV ferruginea Shelduck
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd.
Wildlife Common Feeding IUCN No. Order Family Scientific Name Status Protection Name guild Status Act 1972
6 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas strepera Gadwall NW P LC Sch IV
7 Anseriformes Anatidae Anus Indian NR P LC SchIV poecilorhyncha Spot-Billed Duck
8 Anseriformes Anatidae Spatula clypeata Northern NW P LC SchIV Shoveler
9 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas acuta Northern NW P LC SchIV Pintail
10 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas crecca Common NW P LC SchIV Teal
11 Anseriformes Anatidae Anas acuta Northern NW P LC SchIV Pin tail
12 Anseriformes Anatidae Aythya ferina Common NW P VU SchIV Pochard
13 Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Tachybaptus Little CR P LC SchIV ruficollis Grebe
14 Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Mycteria Painted NR P NT SchIV leucocephala Stork
15 Ciconiiformes Ciconiidae Ciconia Wolly NR P/I VU Sch IV episcopus Necked Stork
16 Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopterus Greater NW P LC SchIV minor Flamingo
17 Phoenicopteridae Phoenicopteridae Phoeniconaias Lesser NW P NT SchIV minor Flamingo
18 Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Pseudibis Black Ibis CR P/I LC Sch IV papillosa
19 Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Threskiornis Black NR P NT SchIV melanocephalus headed Ibis
20 Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Plegadis Glossy Ibis NW P LC Sch IV falcinellus
21 Ciconiiformes Threskiornithidae Anastomus Eurasian NR P LC SchIV oscitans spoonbill
22 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Nycticorax Black- CR P LC Sch IV nycticorax crowed Night Heron
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Wildlife Common Feeding IUCN No. Order Family Scientific Name Status Protection Name guild Status Act 1972
23 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardeola grayii Indian CR P LC SchIV pond-heron
24 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Ardea cinerea Grey Heron NR P LC Sch IV
25 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Casmerodius Great Egret CR P LC Sch IV albus
26 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta garzetta Little Egret CR P LC Sch IV
27 Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Egretta gularis Western NW P LC SchIV Reef Egret
28 Pelecaniformes Pelecanidae Pelecanus Greater NW P LC Sch IV onocrotalus White Pelican
29 Suliformes Anhingidae Anhinga Darter NR P NT Sch IV melanogaster
30 Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracdiae Phalacrocorax Little CR P LC SchIV niger Cormorant
31 Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracdiae Phalacrocorax Indian CR P LC SchIV fusciollis Cormorant
32 Falconiformes Falconidae Falco chicquera Red necked NW C NT Sch IV Falcon
33 Accipitriformes Accipitridae Circus Eurasian NW C LC Sch IV aeruginosus Marsh Harrier
34 Falconiformes Accipitridae Accipiter badius Shikra CR C LC Sch IV
35 Falconiformes Accipitridae Aquila hastata Indian NW C VU Sch IV Spotted Eagle
36 Gruiformes Rallidae Porphyrio Purple CR O LC SchIV porphyrio swamphen
37 Gruiformes Rallidae Gallinula Common NR P LC SchIV chloropus Moorhen
38 Gruiformes Rallidae Fulica atra Common NR O LC SchIV Coot
39 Gruiformes Gruidae Grus virgo Demoiselle NW I LC SchIV Crane
40 Charadriiformes Burhinidae Esacus Great NR I NT SchIV recurvirostris thick-knee
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Wildlife Common Feeding IUCN No. Order Family Scientific Name Status Protection Name guild Status Act 1972
41 Recurvirostridae Recurvirostridae Himantopus Black CR I/P LC Sch IV himantopus winged stilt
42 Recurvirostridae Recurvirostridae Recurvirostra Pied NW I/P LC Sch IV avosetta Avocet
43 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus Yellow NW I/P LC Sch IV malabaricus watteled lapwing
44 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Vanellus indicus Red CR I LC Sch IV wattled lapwing
45 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Tringa Common CW I/P LC Sch IV hypoleucos sandpiper
46 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius Kentish NR I LC SchIV alexandrinus Plover
47 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Charadrius Little CR I LC Sch IV dubius ringed Plover
48 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Philomachus Ruff NW I LC SchIV pugnax
49 Charadriiformes Charadriidae Limosa limosa Black- NW I LC Sch IV tailed godwit
50 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Numenius Eurasian NW I NT SchIV arquata Curlew
51 Charadriiformes Scolopacidae Tringa Common NW I LC SchIV nebularia Greenshank
52 Charadriiformes Laridae Chroicocephalus Brown NW I/P LC Sch IV brunnicephalus headed Gull
53 Charadriiformes Laridae Ichthyaetus Pallas Gull NW I/P LC Sch IV ichthyaetus
54 Charadriiformes Laridae Chroicocephalus Black NW I LC Sch IV ridibundus headed Gull
55 Charadriiformes Laridae Sterna aurantia River tern NR I/P NT Sch IV
56 Charadriiformes Laridae Chlidonias Whiskered NR I LC SchIV hybridus Tern
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Wildlife Common Feeding IUCN No. Order Family Scientific Name Status Protection Name guild Status Act 1972
57 Pterocliformes Pteroclidae Pterocles Chestnut- NR G LC SchIV exustus bellied Sandgrouse
58 Columbiformes Columbidae Columba livia Blue rock CR G LC SchIV pigeon
59 Columbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia Laughing CR G LC SchIV senegalensis dove
60 Columbiformes Columbidae Streptopelia Eurasion CR G LC Sch IV decaocto Collared- dove
61 Psittaciformes Psittacidae Psittacula Rose CR F LC SchIV krameri ringed parakeet
62 Cuculiformes Cuculidae Centropus Southern CR I/F/G LC Sch IV sinensis Coucal
63 Apodiformes Apodidae Apus affinis Little swift CR I LC Sch IV
64 Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Halcyon White CR I/P LC Sch IV smyrensis breasted kingfisher
65 Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Ceryle rudis Pied NR P LC SchIV Kingfisher
66 Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Alcedo hercules Common CR I/P LC Sch IV Kingfisher
67 Coraciiformes Meropidae Merops Green Bee- CR I LC SchIV orientalis Eater
68 Passeriformes Laniidae Lanius vittatus Bay-backed NR C/I LC Sch IV Shrike
69 Passeriformes Dicruridae Dicrurus Black CR I LC SchIV adsimilis drongo
70 Passeriformes Corvidae Corvus House CR O LC SchIV splendens crow
71 Passeriformes Hirundinidae Hirundo smithii Wire-tailed CR I LC SchIV Swallow
72 Passeriformes Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus Red Vented CR O LC SchIV cafer Bulbul
73 Passeriformes Pycnonotidae Pycnonotus White- CR I LC SchIV leucotis eared
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Wildlife Common Feeding IUCN No. Order Family Scientific Name Status Protection Name guild Status Act 1972
Bulbul
74 Passeriformes Cisticolidae Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia CR I LC Sch IV
75 Passeriformes Leiothrichidae Turdoides Large grey CR F/I/N/G LC Sch IV malcolmi Babbler
76 Passeriformes Sturnidae Acridotheres Bank myna CR I/G LC Sch IV ginginianus
77 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Luscinia svecica Bluethroat NW I LC Sch IV
78 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Phoenicurus Black NW I LC SchIV erythronotus redstart
79 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Saxicoloides Indian CR I LC SchIV fulicata robin
80 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Saxicola caprata Pied bush CR I LC SchIV chat
81 Passeriformes Muscicapidae Saxicola maurus Siberian NR I LC SchIV Stonechat
82 Passeriformes Nectarinidae Nectarinia Puple CR N LC SchIV asiatica sunbird
83 Passeriformes Passerinae Passer House CR G LC SchIV domesticus sparrow
84 Passeriformes Estrildinae Lonchura Silverbill CR G LC Sch IV malabarica
85 Passeriformes Motacillidae Motacilla White- CR I LC SchIV maderaspatensis browed Wagtail
86 Passeriformes Motacillidae Motacilla flava Yellow CR I LC SchIV Wagtail
87 Passeriformes Motacillidae Anthus rufulus Paddyfied NR I LC SchIV Pipit
Mammals
1 Rodentia Funambulus palmarum Three striped palm squirrel LC NL 2 Carnivora Herpestes edwardsi Common mongoose LC Sch II 3 Carnivora Canis aureus Golden jackle LC Sch III 4 Carnivora Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox LC Sch II 5 Artiodactyls Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgie LC SchIII Feeding Guild: C-Carnivore; F-Frugivore; G-Granivore; I-Insectivore; N-Nectarivore; O-Omnivore; P-Piscivore Status: R-Resident; RM-Resident Migrant; M- Migrant IUCN Category: LC-Least Concern, NR-Near Threatened, V-Vulnerable
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Table 3.26 List of wild tree Flora observed during field survey
No. Scientific Name Common Name
Tree 1. Ficus beghalensis Banyan 2. Acacia nilotica Babhul 3. Azadirachta indica Neem 4. Ficus religiosa Pimpal 5. Moringa oleifera Shewga Shrub 6. Prosobis sp.
Table 3.27 List of fauna commonly reported by the respondents during survey No. Scientific Name Common Name IUCN Status WPA 1972 Mammals 1 Lepus nigricollis Indian hare LC Sch IV 2 Sus Scrofa cristatus Wild boar LC Sch III 3 Funambulus palmarum Three striped palm squirrel LC NL 4 Hystrix indica Indian Porcupine LC Sch IV 5 Pteropus giganteus Indian flying fox LC Sch V 6 Herpestes edwardsi Common mongoose LC Sch II 7 Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox LC Sch II 8 Canis lupus Indian wolf LC Sch I Reptiles 9 Naja naja Spectacled cobra NL Sch II 10 Ptyas mucosa Indian rat snake NL Sch IV 11 Daboia russelii Russell’s viper NL Sch II 12 Echis carinatus Saw scaled viper NL Sch IV 13 Python molurus Indian Python VU Sch I 14 Varanus bengalensis Indian monitor lizard LC Sch I 15 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard NL NL 16 Hemidactylus frenatus Common house gecko NL NL Birds 17 Pavo cristatus Indian peafowl LC Sch I 18 Acridotheres tristis Common myna LC Sch IV 19 Passer domesticus House sparrow LC Sch IV 20 Corvus spendens House crow LC Sch V 21 Milvus migrans Black kite LC Sch IV 22 Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed parakeet LC Sch IV 23 Coturnix coturnix Common quail LC Sch IV 24 Francolinus sps. Francolin LC Sch IV LC: Least Concern, NT: Near Threatened, VU: Vulnerable, EN: Endangered, NL: Not listed
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A. Banyan, a common Tree in villages B. Caster in Irrigated agriculture, Tapar dam C. Khejadi tree
D. Mangrove habitat on coast E. Prosobis scrub a dominant habitat F. Mud skipper fish in estuary in the study area
106 PLATE - III FAUNA IN THE STUDY AREA OF SHREE GANESH ETHANOL PROCESSING PVT. LTD., (SGEPPL), SURVEY NO. 479/2, VILLAGE- BHIMASAR, TAL.: ANJAR, DIST.: KUTCH, GUJARAT.
A. Bluebull heard in the wild B. Democille Cranes feeding C. Great white Pelican in tank
D. Jackle family near village Gopalpur E. Mixed flock of Greater and Lesser Flemingos F. Mud skipper fish in estuary
107 PLATE - IV PLOT BOUNDARY OF SHREE GANESH ETHANOL PROCESSING PVT. LTD., (SGEPPL), SURVEY NO. 479/2, VILLAGE- BHIMASAR, TAL.: ANJAR, DIST.: KUTCH, GUJARAT.
Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. plot layout on google earth
Barren plot with steel pipes stored in adjoining plot
108 Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd.
Chapter 4 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
4.1 INTRODUCTION
Evaluation of impacts on the environmental parameters, due to SGEPPL project, is an important aspect to be studied. This chapter incorporates both, qualitative and quantitative descriptions of various environmental impacts due to establishment of distillery. Various scientific techniques are available to predict and evaluate the impact of developmental activities on the physical, ecological and socio – economic environments. Predictions are superimposed over the base line status (pre- project) of environmental quality to obtain the final (post-project) environmental conditions.
‘Environmental Impact’ can be defined as any alteration of the environmental conditions or creation of a new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the action or set of actions under consideration. Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those which are attributed directly to the project. On the other hand, secondary Impacts are the ones which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investments and changed patterns of social and economic activities by the proposed action. Establishment project may influence the environment of the study area in two phases as under-
Construction Phase: During the construction period, the impact may be temporary. Operational Phase: Operational phase impact may have long term effects.
4.2 CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Construction phase impacts on the environment can be considered short term. Activities during erection of plant and civil structures may affect environment of an area surrounding the site. Impacts as well as mitigation measures for the same are described in Table 4.1. Further in Table 4.2, measures have been stated towards disposal of wastes generated during construction operations.
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Table 4.1 Impact Identification and Mitigation Measures due to Construction Phase
No Env. Parameter Causes Impacts Types Mitigation Measures / Remarks Aspects 1 Air Dust (SPM) Vehicular Respiratory problems – Minor SO2 and NOX at single location will not movement, coughing, painful breathing; (Negative increase as vehicular movement and drilling, excavation irritation in eyes. Impact) machines will be mobile. and land levelling High SO2 and NOX - lung Control of dust emissions by sprinkling SO2 Vehicular disorders, wheezing and water on open spaces, kuccha roads, NOX movement shortness of breath. heaps of earthen filling Obstruction in photosynthesis Provision of PPEs to workers and evapo-transpiration due to Augmentation of GB after deposition of dust on surface of commencement of activity. leaves thereby reducing crop yield. 2 Water Deterioration of Water for Construction to be taken up Minor Proper and adequate segregation of Water quantity, construction& under establishment project shall (Negative construction area and appropriate quality and domestic have no significant impact on Impact) drainages, to minimize runoff. aesthetics of activities. water environment. Some minor Cutting and filling work will be avoided water body. Surface runoff, impact could be contamination during rainy season. seepage. of nearby water body. Stone pitching on the slopes and Domestic construction of concrete drains for effluent. storm water to minimize soil erosion. Spill from fuel, Strengthening the proposed green belt. oil &other chemicals. Leachates.
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No Env. Parameter Causes Impacts Types Mitigation Measures / Remarks Aspects 3 Noise Noise Nuisance Construction It is not a continuous source and Minor Provision of proper acoustic enclosure and Disturbance equipment like hence do not pose a health risk (Negative for noise generating and vibrating dozers, scrapers, or damage peoples' sense of Impact) machinery. concrete mixers, hearing. Protective equipment’s such as ear cranes, pumps, Adversely affects quality of life plugs, earmuffs etc. for workers will be compressors, of occupants and nearby provided. pneumatic tools, residents. Onsite workers must not be exposed, for saws, vibrators Constant exposure to high noise more than 8 hours, to high noise etc. levels results in damage of ear generating sources. Continuous and drums and loss of hearing. intermediate Increased BP levels, cardio- source vascular disease and stress related heart problems. 4 Soil and Soil Quality and Spill from fuel, Affects the soil, micro as well as Minor Proper maintenance of vehicles as well Land use Topography oil and other macro flora. Thereby, disturbing (Negative as machinery used during construction chemicals. the nutritive composition of soil. Impact) to avoid oil, fuel leakages. Substratum Positive benefits in the form of Disposal of waste to authorised excavated during land levelling and tree plantation recyclers and resellers. construction of in the plant vicinity and other foundations. premises. Improper storage Bad aesthetics due to littering. of solid waste
5 Biodiversi Terrestrial as Dust emissions No any major impacts envisaged Minor Noise generating and vibrating ty and well as aquatic Noise generation but some minor impacts may be (Negative machinery would be provided with Habitat Flora, Fauna Influx of onsite observed. Impact) proper acoustic enclosure and Avifauna. workers Retarded growth and Water sprinkling arrangement shall be Flood lights, high productivity of the plants. provided to curb dust emissions during
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No Env. Parameter Causes Impacts Types Mitigation Measures / Remarks Aspects masts etc. construction activities. Workers staying onsite shall be supplied with fuel source such as LPG, Kerosene etc. for cooking. Moreover, proper care shall be taken so that the surrounding ecological area is duly conserved. 6 Risk, Accidental risk Lifting of heavy Physical problems viz. Carpal Minor Use of advanced technology and Hazard and Hazard tools and tackles, tunnel syndrome, tendonitis, (Negative sophisticated machinery during and construction back pain, muscle soreness and Impact) construction Occupatio equipment nerve damage reduction in Maximum Employment of young and nal health Repetitive hearing efficiency of workers adequately trained persons (above 18 & Safety motion, awkward Shortness of breath following years) postures and physical exertion, severe cough Providing various PPEs like dust masks, vibrations and chest pains safety glasses, helmets, gum boots, ear High noise Fatigue and loss of appetite plugs and ear muffs etc. to the workers. generating Eye irritation and eye sight Proper earthling for electrical supply, machinery problems Separation of deep excavations and Continuous Electrical shock marking of dangerous areas with exposure to dust Spread of various diseases barricading etc. Welding of metal 24 X 7 medical aid with trained doctors parts and ambulance facility Cabling of Training to the workers from view electrical work. points of safety, health and hygiene. Unhygienic conditions resulting from day-to-day activities of
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No Env. Parameter Causes Impacts Types Mitigation Measures / Remarks Aspects workers living in the industrial area. 7 Socio- Social and Establishment of Primary and secondary Major There will be positive impact to the Economic Economic status Proposed unit of employment generation (Positive residents nearby industrial unit in the SGEPPL. Impact) form of new job opportunities and increase in good employment generation potential.
Table 4.2 Disposal of Waste Generation during Construction Phase
No. Type of Waste Disposal 1 Metal scrap Sold to scrap dealers for reprocessing. 2 Wooden scrap Utilized by local labours as fuel for domestic operations. 3 Broken bricks, stones and Used as filler material in plinth, low lying areas etc. cement concrete wastes 4 Paint cans, brushes and other Sold to re-cyclers, authorised re-processers. plastic waste materials.
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4.3 OPERATION PHASE
Operational phase activities may have impacts - minor or major, positive or negative on environmental disciplines such as soils, surface and ground water hydrology, micro meteorology, land use, water use, water and air quality, ecology, socio economics and noise environment. Description of various attribuutes and effects on same has been presented in following paragraphs.
Figure 4.1 Impact Identification from Process Flow Chart
Legends: SHW –Solid Hazardous Waste, EB- Ecological Biodiversity, RH- Risk & Hazard
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Table 4.3 Identification of Impacts due to Operation Activities under Projects of SGEPPL
No. Env. Activities Impact Identification Type of Remarks Aspects Impact 1 Air Boiler house, Ash storage yard, Generation of stack emissions Major Impacts due to Proposed boiler (AP & AQ) Molasses storage tank, and (particulates, Sox & NOx), (Quantifiable) operations may have significant impact Fermentation. fugitive dust& water mist, bagasse on air environment. Quantification of dust, odour nuisance, and release impacts are described below at Section
ofCO2 emissions. 4.3.1of this Chapter. 2 Water Condensate polishing unit (CPU) Discharge of untreated effluent Major The impacts due to operation activities (WP) Molasses storage tank, Distillation If spillage, leakage, and overflow (Quantifiable) are significant. Quantification of section, Spentwash storage tank of molasses, spentwash &spent accidental discharge into nearby nallah is leesget accidently discharged into given below at Section 4.3.3 of this water body, same may cause Chapter. impact on water quality 3 Noise Boiler operations, Distillation Due to transportation activities, Minor The impacts due to operation activities (NV) section, D.G. set. (Fuel burning, boiler operations, high pressure (Non- are negligible i.e. insignificant. But, the steam vent off), steam injection &high-speed Quantifiable) impact of noise on workers would be turbine rotary motions etc. significant if the exposure is increased beyond 8 hours without any PPEs. 4 Solid & Boiler Operation, Fermentation Solid waste such as boiler ash, Minor The impacts due to operation activities
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No. Env. Activities Impact Identification Type of Remarks Aspects Impact Hazardous Section. D.G. set yeast sludge, CPU sludge, Discard (Non- are negligible i.e. insignificant. SHW Waste containers. Hazardous waste shall Quantifiable) generated would be properly handled and (SHW) be generated spent oil. disposed off. CPU Non-scientific disposal of sludge, its littering and odour nuisance 5 Soil Boiler operation (fuel burning), Ash Generation of ash, yeast sludge, Minor The impacts due to operation activities (SC) storage yard, Fermentation, Molasses spillage of juice/ syrup, molasses, (Non- are negligible i.e. insignificant. storage tank, Distillation section. spentwash, spentlees. Quantifiable)
Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU) Discharge of untreated / partially treated effluent on land/ nearby farm 6 Risk & Handling, transport and storage yard, Fire in bagasse yard, Accidental Major Worst-case scenarios predicting the Hazard Molasses storage tanks, Alcohol spillage of molasses &alcohol, fire impacts due to hazardous raw materials storage tanks, Sulphur storage & in alcohol storage yard, Leakage or chemicals are presented in Chapter 7.
Sulphur di-oxide generation plant. of SO2. 7 Ecology & Incineration Boilers, CPU, Ash & dust emissions, spillage of Major Impacts due to operation activities are Biodiversity Distillation section. effluents from CPU, Spentwash (Non- negligible i.e. insignificant discharges from distillery Quantifiable)
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4.3.1. Impact on Air Quality
A) Emissions from Fuel Burning
Major sources of air pollution shall be boilers and DG set in industry as well as vehicles used for transportation under proposed activity. Boiler capacity of 25 TPH would be installed.ESP will be used as APC equipment along with stack of 66 M D.G. set of capacity 500 KVA shall be provided for proposed distillery with silencer and stack of 6 m height. The stack emissions from proposed boiler shall be particulate matter, SO2, CO, NOX. In addition, the vehicular exhaust may also contribute to air pollution through release of SO2, CO, NOX.Table2.22of Chapter 2 maybe referred for details of boilers and stacks under proposed set up of SGEPPL.
The PM forms coating on surface of leaves and retard photosynthetic activity of plants. Thus, plant growth is hampered and ultimately yields from the plant / crop gets affected. Also, SPM emissions may cause allergic asthma, eye irritation and respiratory problems in workers of SGEPPL as well as for the nearby residents. Moreover, when settle-down the soil surface, PM gets mixed with it and may degrade the soil quality (physical and chemical properties, nutrients etc.) thereby making it unfavourable for crop cultivation. Further, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen also adversely affect plants, humans, animals and materials. The plant growth and nutrient quality of plant products could get affected adversely. Also damage to plant tissues causing necrosis and chlorosis of leaves may be a prominent effect. These oxides cause eye irritation, chest constriction of respiratory track and respiratory disorders among human being and animals. Other important impact of the sulphur and nitrogen oxides is that they react with atmospheric moisture in presences of sunlight and form sulphuric acid and nitric acid which during precipitation cause acid rain. The acid rain severely affects soil properties including its fertility and can damage civil structures, MS installation including historical monuments. The emitted CO presence, in excess than stipulated norm (25 ppm, as per ACGIH recommendation), could react with haemoglobin in blood and thus reduces oxygen carrying capacity of same due to formation of a compound namely carboxyl- haemoglobin.
4.3.1.1. GLC Evaluation through Air Dispersion Modelling
In order to study the movement of particulate matter and gaseous pollutants' release into atmosphere from the source, Air Dispersion Model – AERMOD developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is used. Software helps in knowing details of particulate dispersed in down wind direction and finally reaching the ground at farther distance from the source. Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) mainly depend upon the strength of emission source & micrometeorology of the study area. Site specific meteorological and AAQM data were collected for one season for period from October2018– December - 2018. Predominant wind direction & wind speeds are tabulated in following table
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Table 4.4 Predominant Wind Directions
No. Season Time (Hrs.) Wind Direction Nearest Habitation Downwind Pre- 08:30 SW 1 Varshamedi monsoon 17:30 SW 2 08:30 SW Monsoon Varshamedi 17:30 SW 3 Post- 08:30 SW Varshamedi monsoon 17:30 SW 4 08:30 N Winter Gopalgaon 17:30 N
th The 24 hourly98 percentile concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx in ambient air, recorded during field study conducted for season October – November – December 2018 are considered as baseline values. They represent impact due to operations of existing activities on this region. Average concentrations of above mentioned parameters, at this location, are considered to be the ‘Baseline Concentrations’ to determine impact of proposed industrial operation on ambient air quality. Existing baseline concentrations are summarized in following table: Table 4.5 Baseline Concentrations at Site
Parameter Concentration NAAQS Remark (g/m3)(98 Percentile) PM10 65.39 100 The baseline concentrations for all 3 3 parameters monitored are well PM2.5 28.37 60 g/m within the limits. SO 27.11 3 2 80 g/m 3 NOX 33.44 80 g/m Refer Chapter 3, Section 3.8 for CO 0.14 2 mg/m3 more details.
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Figure 4.2 Windrose for the Month October – December 2018
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Output of GLC run for various scenarios in respect of activities to be undertaken under proposed establishment of SGEPPL project is presented below-
I) Predictions for Stack Emissions (Scenario- during Operation of APC for Boiler)
3 Figure 4.3 Isopleths of SO2 (24 Hrs Max Conc. in μg/Nm )
3 Maximum concentration of SO2 is 13.4 μg/Nm towards north direction at 2.24 Km from site
Table 4.6 GLC with Incremental Increase in SO2Values
98% Distance baselin Total SO (Km) Incremental 2 % Directio e Predictiv Location from SO GLC Incrementa SO Co 2 e GLC No. n centre 2 (g/m3) l Remark Impact (g/m3) of Site nc. (g/m3) G=(E/D)x10 A B C D E F=D+E 0 1 Site -- -- 27.11 0.00 27.11 0
2 Bhimsar NE 2.78 25.81 1.00 26.81 3.874 Total SO2 3 Pasuda NE 7.61 24.62 0.50 25.12 2.031 conc. is lower 4 Ajapar W 3.66 24.12 5.00 29.12 20.730 than Insignificant 5 Morwadar S 2.37 24.65 10.00 34.65 40.568 prescribed 6 Padana SE 4.73 25.58 1.00 26.58 3.909 standard 7. Varsana E 5.95 24.31 1.00 25.31 4.114 80 g/m3 8. Tapar N 8.0 25.65 0.30 25.95 1.170
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3 Figure 4.4 Isopleths of PM10(24 Hrs Max. Conc. in μg/Nm )
3 Maximum concentration of PM10 is 0.584 μg/m towards north east direction at 2.24 Km from site Table 4.7 GLC with Incremental Increase in PM10 values
No Location Direction Distance 98% Increment Total PM10 % Incremental Remark Impact (Km) baseline al PM10 Predictive 3 PM10 Conc. (g/m ) GLC (g/m3) (g/m3) A B C D E F=D+E G=(E/D)x100 1 Site -- -- 65.39 0.0 65.39 0 2 Bhimsar NE 2.78 64.59 0.100 64.69 0.155 3 Pasuda NE 7.61 65.42 0.012 65.432 0.018 Total PM10 conc. is 4 Ajapar W 3.66 63.49 0.200 63.69 0.315 lower than 5 Morwadar S 2.37 62.73 0.500 Insignificant prescribed 63.23 0.797 standard 6 Padana SE 4.73 62.01 0.100 62.11 0.161 100 g/m3 7 Varsana E 5.95 64.47 0.080 64.55 0.124 8 Tapar N 8.0 63.40 0.012 63.412 0.019
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3 Figure 4.5 Isopleths of PM2.5 (24 Hrs Max Conc. in μg/Nm )
3 Maximum concentration of PM 2.5 is 0.146 μg/m towards north direction at 2.24 Km from site.
Table 4.8 GLC with Incremental Increase in PM2.5 values
No. Location Direction Distanc 98% Incremental Total % Incremental Remark Impact e (Km) baselin PM2.5 PM2.5 3 e PM2.5 (g/m ) Predictive Conc. GLC (g/m3) (g/m3) A B C D E F=D+E G=(E/D)x100 1 Site -- -- 28.37 0.00 28.37 0.00 2 Bhimsar NE 2.78 28.48 010 38.48 35.11 Total PM2.5 3 Pasuda NE 7.61 28.94 0.005 28.945 0.02 conc. is 4 Ajapar W 3.66 27.53 0.050 27.58 0.18 lower than Insignificant 5 Morwadar S 2.37 28.70 1.00 29.7 3.48 prescribed 6 Padana SE 4.73 25.99 0.010 26 0.04 standard 60 g/m3 7 Varsana E 5.95 27.16 0.010 27.17 0.04 8 Tapar N 8.0 26.25 0.003 26.253 0.01
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From Table 4.6, Table 4.7&Table 4.8 (operation of APC equipment), it is seen that–
1. Incremental increase in SO2concentrations at the 8 AAQM stations is in the range of 0% to 40.568 % with the lowest concentration of 25.12 g/m3 at Pasudae village, the highest concentration of 34.65 g/m3 at Morwadar village; which are lesser than NAAQ standard of 80 g/m3. 2. Incremental increase in PM10concentrationsat the 8 AAQM stations is in the range of 0% to 0.797 % with the lowest concentration of 62.11g/m3 at Padana village, the highest concentration of 65.432 g/m3 at Pasuda village;which are lesser than NAAQ standard of 100g/m3. 3. Incremental increase in PM2.5 concentrations at the 8 AAQM stations is in the range of 0% to 3.484 % with the lowest concentration of 26.33g/m3 at Tapar village, the highest concentration of 28.99g/m3 at Pasuda village; which are lesser than NAAQ standard of 60 g/m3.
From the above observations, it could be concluded that the impact on air quality at the 8 monitoring stations due to the boilers (stack emissions) with air pollution control equipment in operation is non-significant.
II) Predictions for Stack Emissions, Worst Case (Non-operation of APC)
Figure 4.6 Isopleths of PM10
3 Maximum concentration of PM10 is 29.2 μg/Nm towards north direction at 2.24 Km from site
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Table 4.9 GLC with Incremental Increase in PM10 values for Non-Operation of APC
No. Location Directio Distance 98% Incremental Total % Remark Impact n (Km) baseline PM10GLC PM10 Incremental 3 from PM10 (g/m ) Predictive centre Conc. GLC of Site (g/m3) (g/m3) A B C D E F=D+E G=(E/D)x100 1 Site -- -- 65.39 0.00 65.39 0 2 Bhimsar NE 2.78 64.59 7.00 71.59 10.838 Total PM 3 Pasuda NE 7.61 65.42 1.00 66.42 1.529 10 conc. is 4 Ajapar W 3.66 63.49 10.00 73.49 15.751 lower than 5 Morwad S 2.37 62.73 20.00 prescribed Insignificant ar 82.73 31.883 standard 6 Padana SE 4.73 62.01 5.00 67.01 8.063 100 g/m3 7 Varsana E 5.95 64.47 4.00 68.47 6.204 8 Tapar N 8.0 63.40 0.60 64 0.946
3 Figure 4.7 Isopleths of PM2.5 (24 Hrs Max Conc. in μg/Nm )
3 Maximum concentration of PM10 is 7.30 μg/Nm towards north direction at 2.24 Km from site
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Table 4.10 GLC with Incremental Increase in PM2.5valuesfor Non-Operation of APC
Sr. Location Direc Distance 98% Increment Total % Remark Impact No. tion (Km) from baseline al PM2.5 PM2.5 Incremental the centre PM2.5 GLC Predicti of site Conc. (g/m3) ve GLC (g/m3) (g/m3) A B C D E F=D+E G=(E/D)x100 1. Site -- -- 28.37 0.00 28.37 0 2. Bhimsar NE 2.78 28.48 1.00 29.48 3.511 Total 3. Pasuda NE 7.61 28.94 0.15 29.09 0.518 PM2.5 4. Ajapar W 3.66 27.53 1.00 28.53 3.632 conc. is lower than 5. Morwadar S 2.37 28.70 5.00 33.7 17.422 prescribed 6. Padana SE 4.73 25.99 1.00 26.99 3.848 standard 7. Varsana E 5.95 27.16 1.00 28.16 3.682 60 g/m3 8. Tapar N 8.0 26.25 0.15 26.4 0.571
From Table 4.9 and Table 4.10 (non-operational conditions of APC equipment), it is seen that – 1. Incremental increase in PM10 concentrations at the 8 AAQM stations is in the range of 0% to 31.883 % with the lowest concentration of 64 g/m3 at Tapar Village, the highest concentration of 82.73 g/m3 at Morwadar village; which are lesser than NAAQ standard of 100g/m3. 2. Incremental increase in PM2.5 concentrations at the 8 AAQM stations is in the range of 0% to 17.422 % with the lowest concentration of 26.4 g/m3at Tapar Village, the highest concentration of 33.7g/m3 at Morwadar village; which are lesser than NAAQ standard of 60 g/m3. From the above observations, it could be concluded that the impact on air quality at the 8 monitoring stations due to the boilers (stack emissions) with air pollution control equipment not in operation is somewhat significant.
B) Fugitive Emissions
Fugitive emission under proposed activities of SGEPPL shall be mainly the dust emissions. These will impact the working environment of the workers and will also settle on plants in industrial premises. The consequence of this shall be respiratory disorders, aggravated coughing and difficult or painful breathing among the workers and reduced photosynthesis activity which shall impact the plant life. Also, inappropriate and non-scientific storage as well as longer holding periods of raw as well as concentrated spentwash in the respective tanks and yeast sludge from fermenters shall lead to formation of aerobic-anaerobic conditions in the tank body thereby resulting in to uncontrolled release of gases comprising prominently of methane, hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide and carbon di-oxide. The hydrogen sulphide imparts foul odour in the premises whereas SO2lead to corrosive atmosphere. Moreover, inflammation of eyes, throat and respiratory track irritation are prominent effects observed in case of human beings residing nearby the spentwash tank premises. Efficient and quick utilization of spentwash from the tanks and its incineration shall avoid holding up of same for longer periods and prevent formation of above mentioned gaseous emissions.
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C) Process Emissions
CO2 shall be generated from fermenters under the distillery project. The generation of CO2 takes place in considerable quantum which when let out in the atmosphere could have undesirable effects in the surrounding ambience. Since CO2 has been labelled as one of the major gases responsible for the green-house effect, its release in the atmosphere has to be curbed as far as possible.
D) Odour Pollution
Odour can result from number of sources and operations in proposed distillery. They same include molasses handling and storage, Fermenters, effluent storage; treatment & disposable, effluent carrying drains, sludge areas, DWGS and DDGS manufacturing and storage section etc. Under proposed establishment in SGEPPL every care shall be taken to avoid odour generation from above sources and actions so that eventual nuisance from same shall be abated. Especially, distillery fermentation section, distillery section for spentwash generation, spentwash handling; storage; concentration and DWGS and DDGS manufacturing and storage sections shall be provided prompt and proper attention. Aerobic pathways of degradation resulting due to excessively longer storage of spentwash, yeast sludge, DWGS & DDGS and similar putrescible material shall give rise to foul smells as a result of generation of gasses like hydrogen sulphide, sulphur di-oxide etc. These gases have very irritating effect on human being and animals that come in their contact resulting into coughing, sneezing, inflammation of upper respiratory track, irritation of eyes, sensation of nausea and vomiting. Unsanitary conditions responsible for odour trouble could give rise to other nuisance like fly and insect infestation.
4.3.1.2. Mitigation Measures
A) Emissions from Fuel Burning
1. Installation of Air Pollution Control Equipment in the form of ESPs to boilers. Table 2.22 of Chapter 2 may be referred for more details of the APC equipment. 2. Regular self-monitoring of the AAQ and work zone air quality shall be done by the industry through approved labs to check and control dust levels / concentrations at certain places so that same could be kept always below the stipulated norms. 3. Efficiencies of dust control equipment in the industry such as ESP shall be monitored regularly (at least once a month) under performance evaluation. 4. APC equipment would be interlocked with process as per guidelines of CPCB. 5. Installation of OCMS (online continuous monitoring system) for monitoring of SPM, Temp., SO2, CO, CO2 etc. in stack emissions. Data collected shall be uploaded to GPCB& CPCB servers. 6. IP cameras to be installed, maintained and data collected shall be forwarded to CPCB. 7. D.G. Set shall be installed in SGEPPL complex would be operated only during power failures.
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B) Fugitive Emissions
1. Installation of appropriate, adequate and efficient exhaust and ventilation system to remove and control dust from work zone areas. Provision of appropriate APC equipment to collect and remove dust from work zone including their monitoring routinely. 2. Dust, ash etc. collected from the APC equipment, e.g. fly ash from boiler, will be properly handled and disposed of periodically by supply to sell to brick manufacturers. Thus, uncontrolled storage of ash on site shall be avoided which could lead to littering and suspension in air due to wind. 3. Installation of dedicated and mechanical ash handling system with adequate capacity silos, conveyors, closed conduits, water sprinkling arrangements etc. shall be installed. 4. Personal protective equipments such as masks, aprons, gloves, goggles etc. shall be provided to the workers. 5. Augmentation of green belt of adequate density and with appropriate types of plants shall be made to control and attenuate dust transfer in the premises. Also, well planned shelter belt and mass plantation shall be provided along ash storage yards to curb littering of the materials due to wind. This will avoid suspension of ash particles in the air which leads to SPM. 6. Proper maintenance of proper tar roads provided in the premises of SGEPPL shall be done. Moreover, all internal roads, yards and open storage areas will be provided with well compacted and constructed surface layering. At certain locations linings of tar or RCC shall also be provided. 7. Covered / encased conveyors to be installed to carry Coal from Coal section to storage yards to boiler section. 8. A care shall be taken w.r.t. handling and storage of spentwash in raw as well as concentrated forms. In no case prolonged storage of same shall be done in tanks provided on site. This will hold good for the yeast sludge storage also. Both spentwash and yeast sludge comprises of very high organic contents which being highly putrescible lead to development of anaerobic conditions due to non-scientific and prolonged storage. Quick lifting and disposal of these materials will avoid such troubles.
C) Process Emissions
To marginally minimize the effects of CO2which shall be generated from fermenters; a care shall be taken through implementation of the green belt. Adequate density plantation under same can play an important role as 'the sink' by taking up CO2 thus curbing its release to atmosphere from the premises. However, to exercise total control on CO2, there is a future planning to collect the gas properly, compress it adequately and bottle subsequently. The CO2shall be collected, purified, and then sold to market for secondary uses.
D) Odour Pollution
To abate the odour nuisance, SGEPPL shall be concrete planning which includes following steps and actions 1. It is proposed to provide covered fermentation and tapping of CO2 gas. 2. Collection of yeast sludge from fermentation section in closed silo system, its dewatering (mechanical) and immediate disposal through supply as manure. 3. Adoption of GMPs(Good Management Practices).
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4. Arranging awareness and training camps for workers. 5. Use of PPEs like masks by persons working near odour potential prone areas. 6. Reduced volume of effluents (spentwash, spent leese) by adopting strategic approaches such as continuous fermentation, vacuum distillation, utilization of condensate from MEE for dilution and other process operations as well as in cooling tower make up. 7. Closed and dedicated close circuit conveyance system for spentwash to treatment units like MEE which shall minimize fugitive emissions during the operations. 8. India has very few trained and skilled manpower as per the requirement of international practices for the odour monitoring and control. Therefore, the human resource shall be developed and continuous efforts will be made for upgrading the knowledge base and skill in this area. Requisite trainings could be arranged through representatives from academic and national research institutions, state and central regulatory agencies etc.
4.3.2. Impact on Climate
Impact on the climatic conditions, due to the proposed distillery are not envisaged especially as emissions of flue gases with very high temperatures, to the atmosphere, are not expected.
4.3.3. Impact on Water Resources
4.3.3.1 Surface Water (Quality & Quantity)
The total water required for molasses based distillery for various industrial operations in proposed project by SGEPPL shall be to the tune of 929 CMD. Out of same, 894 CMD shall be for industrial purpose, 10 CMD shall be for domestic purpose and 25 CMD will be used for gardening purpose.Out of total water requirement for industrial purpose (i.e. 894CMD); 635 CMD (71%) is recycled water comprising of condensate, treated effluents from CPU and 294 CMD would be fresh water. More details about water budget are presented at Chapter 2 under Section 2.7.1.
The total water required for grain-based distillery for various industrial operations for proposed project by SGEPPL shall be to the tune of 830 CMD. Out of same, 795CMD shall be for industrial purpose, 10 CMD shall be for domestic purpose and 25 CMD will be used for gardening purpose. Out of total water requirement for industrial purpose (i.e. 795 CMD); 614 CMD (77%) is recycled water comprising of condensate, treated effluents from CPU and216 CMD would be fresh water taken from GWIL. More details about water budget are presented at Chapter 2 under Section 2.7.1
As far as treated effluent disposal is concerned, wastewater from distillery effluent in the form of raw spentwash shall be forwarded for concentration in Multiple (Five) Effect Evaporator (MEE). Concentrated spentwash to the tune of 96 M3/Day shall be incinerated in incineration boiler. For grain based distillery effluent in the form of FOC less, PRC less, Thin Slope, RC less shall be recycled back in process. Other effluents@ 39 CMD shall be treated in proposed CPU which shall be recycled back in the process. For more details about effluent generation, treatment and disposal; Chapter 2Section 2.7.1.1 may be referred.
If the above mentioned effluents are let out in the environment, without any treatment it may have impacts on surface water quality as well as on soil quality. If the untreated effluent
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. enters any surface water body; there could be number of adverse effects. First of all, suspended particles in it increase turbidity which can reduce amount of light penetrating the water thereby disrupting growth of photosynthetic plants and activities of micro-organisms especially phytoplankton’s and zooplanktons. This could have subsequent adverse effects on rest of the aquatic community that depend on these components of the food chain. The suspended particulates when get settled at bottom of the water body add to undesirable sediments. Further, due to organic matter in the effluent, dissolved oxygen level in receiving water body gets depleted immediately as a result of intense oxidation of the organics by aerobic microbes. Moreover, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewaters act as nutrients that help aggravating problems of 'Eutrophication' in the water bodies. Uncontrolled growth of aquatic weeds and eruption of algal blooms seriously affect the quality of water and aesthetics. The channels of streams and waterways may get blocked and algal dominance could reduce dissolved oxygen levels during night times as a result of respiration; an action exactly opposite to photosynthesis that releases oxygen by taking up CO2during day time. Excessive presence of CO2in the waters may lead to fall in pH as a result of formation of weak acids and this again could have prominent impact on pH sensitive reactions in the water body and benthic deposits. Serious fish kill can happen due to depletion of DO levels in addition to effluent induced toxicity in the receiving waters. Some of the toxins in industrial wastewaters may have mild effects on the human health whereas the other ones can be fatal. If heavy metals, pesticides and other toxins as well as chemicals appear in the water in excessive concentrations than the permitted ones and if such waters are consumed by human beings or animals, diseases and disorders like skin irritation, blistering, immunity suppression, reproductive failure or acute poisoning can take place.
When untreated effluents are discharged on lands, the soils could get adverse impact through number of actions and effects. Most immediate is the pH disturbance as a result of excessive acidic or alkaline effluent discharges on the land. Severe acidity kills the plants and active useful flora in soils. On the other hand, at higher pH; nitrogen locked in soils gets converted in to ammonia which escapes to the atmosphere thereby creating serious deficiency of this vital nutrient in the soil. Thus, soils become less fertile and non-productive eventually. High TDS lead to soil salinity problems and its conductivity is increased which adversely affects growth of crops and plants with eventual drop in the overall yield. Soil porosity may get hampered. Microbes in soil oxidise organic matter in the wastes. While utilizing carbon from the organics during their metabolism; they (the microorganisms) take up nitrogen from the soil which is an essential thing for cell growth. This action could deplete the nitrogen contents and is referred to as 'nitrogen robbing'. This eventuality reduces nutritive value of soil and its fertility. Also, problems with seed germination could come up if C/N ratio, pH and porosity of soils are affected adversely. Different Scenarios Considered for Water Pollution due to Discharge of Effluent in nearby Water Body is presented in following tables.
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Table 4.11 Quantification of Pollutants’ Load (Distillery Spentwash)
Parameters Raw Spentwash Concentrated Spentwash Flow – 480 CMD (After MEE);Flow – 96 CMD Conc. of Quantity of Conc. of Quantity of Pollutants Pollutants Pollutants Pollutants pH 3 - 4 -- 4-5 -- COD 140000mg/lit 67200Kg/Day 650000mg/lit 62400Kg/Day BOD 80000mg/lit 38400Kg/Day 380000mg/lit 36480Kg/Day TDS 95000mg/lit 45600Kg/Day 465000mg/lit 44,640Kg/Day
Table 4.12 Quantification of Pollutants Load (Efluent from Molasses based Distillery) (Spentlees, MEE Condensate, Boiler Blow down, Cooling Tower blow, washing)
Parameters Raw Effluent Treated Effluent CPCB Flow rate – 667 CMD Flow rate – 574 CMD Standards Conc. of Quantity of Conc. of Quantity of Pollutants Pollutants Pollutants Pollutants pH 5-6 - 7 - 8 -- 7 - 8 COD 3000mg/lit 2,001 Kg/Day 200mg/lit 114.8Kg/Day 250mg/lit BOD 1800mg/lit 1200.6Kg/Day 80mg/lit 45.92Kg/Day 100 mg/lit TDS 1000mg/lit 667Kg/Day 1970mg/lit 1130.78Kg/Day 2100mg/lit
Table 4.13 Quantification of Pollutants Load (Effluent from Grain based Distillery) (Boiler Blow down, Cooling Tower blow, washing)
Parameters Raw Effluent Treated Effluent CPCB Flow rate – 39 CMD Flow rate – 29 CMD Standards Conc. of Quantity of Conc. of Quantity of Pollutants Pollutants Pollutants Pollutants pH 5-6 - 7 - 8 -- 7 – 8 COD 3000mg/lit 117 Kg/Day 200mg/lit 5.8 Kg/Day 250mg/lit BOD 1800mg/lit 70.2 Kg/Day 80mg/lit 2.32 Kg/Day 100 mg/lit TDS 1000mg/lit 39 Kg/Day 1970mg/lit 57.13Kg/Day 2100mg/lit
4.3.3.2 Calculations for Quantification of Impact on Stream
Accidental discharge of untreated trade effluent from SGEPPL finds its way to nallah in industrial vicinity on north east direction as per the drainage pattern. Subsequently, from point of confluence near industry the effluent via nallah discharge shall meet Creek at a distance of 6.8 Km from the project site towards south east direction.
During monitoring period of October 2018 to December 2018 there was no water flow in the nallah in the vicinity of industrial site. As such, contamination of stream discharge because of ingress of treated /untreated effluent from the industry was out of question. However, due to topography of the region, accidental discharge of spentwash or other effluents could find
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A. Impact on Surface :
1. pH : Acidic pH may lead to adverse impact on flora, fauna. Also, useful microbes may get killed due to acidic pH. 2. Salinity: High TDS will adversely affect conductivity of soil thereby causing mortality of vegetation in soil. 3. Organic Matter: Because of high organic matter, microbes in the soil start utilising the carbon in the organic matter for which they may consume nitrogen from soil. 4. C/N Ratio: While consuming carbon from organic matter, the microbes also need nitrogen. If there is no sufficient nitrogen is available i.e. C/N ratio is very high they may consume nitrogen present in their metabolism. This will deplete the nitrogen content of the soil which is called robbing of nitrogen. Thus, the soils become unfertile due to reduction of nitrogen content. If the C/N ratio in the soil becomes too low due to spentwash discharge there could be germination disorder of the seeds due to imbalance in the environment.
B. Impact due to Infiltration:
1. When the spentwash is discharged on ground and infiltrates in the soil, it will affect porosity and reduce free air spaces in the soil matrix. The salts (TDS) in spentwash cause soil salinity thereby creating infertile soils. 2. Groundwater shall get contaminated severely due to colour, organics and TDS in the spentwash which will increase the hardness and as well as affect palatability and acceptance by people. 3. Because of the acidic pH of spentwash it will disintegrate the desired sized, boulders, lumps thereby making them soft which will eventually get converted into finer soil particle size distribution, porosity and permeability of soil mass (clayey) which could be undesirable in certain agricultural practices. 4. Because of the faster decomposition of high organic matter of spentwash and its ponding anaerobic condition could develop into soil environment leading to foul smell.
C. Scenario of accidental discharge of spentwash on land:
Spentwash if discharged on land without any treatment may hamper the existing soil characteristics or if the digested spentwash were to be utilized for irrigation, it would have been necessary to dilute same with fresh water (25 to 30 times) and then the resultant mix could be applied at the rate of 20 M3/Acre for which a land area of 300 Acres becoming necessary. Due to liquid nature, the spentwash could be applied through pumping and gravity flow mechanisms. Being repeated application on same land in the vicinity of distillery plant, despite adoption of cyclic irrigation system, the inorganic salt built up in land leading to salinity problem would be quite evident. Accidental discharge of effluent or solid waste on land may change soil fertility slowly; making it saline and non-suitable for agricultural or and any other vegetation to survive. Moreover, the microbes in soil like fungi and bacteria which can have intense effects on its microbiology and biochemistry may also receive adverse
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Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. impacts due to pollutants and contaminates through effects like toxicity. There could be certain alterations in soils' nature which may result in to physical and structural changes like variation in bonding properties of soils, cohesiveness, permeability, porosity, plasticity etc. This can result in to undesirable effects like excessive erosion, seepages, infiltration. Further, death of many useful organisms in the soil (e.g. earthworms) can create troubles w.r.t. soils' fertility and productivity. As already stated in earlier section, if raw effluent is discharged on land, acidic or alkaline pH, high TDS concentrations and organic matter contents could have detrimental effects like loss of nitrogen, increase in conductivity and salinity, reduced porosity etc. The increase in concentrations of above parameters shall exert negative impact on the aquatic biota and the fresh water ecosystem. First of all, suspended particles increase turbidity which reduces light penetration thereby disrupting growth of photosynthetic plants and disturb the food chain, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewaters act as nutrients that help aggravating problems of 'Eutrophication' and algal dominance, organic matter in the effluent could reduce dissolved oxygen levels and cause fish kill due to depletion of DO levels, excessive presence of CO2 through respiration process in eutrophied waters may lead to fall in pH which results in formation of weak acids and affects the pH sensitive reactions in the water body and benthic deposits, increase in ground water TDS levels could lead to salinity problems of soils, gastro enteric disorders, problems of urine stone etc. in humans, corrosion, pitting and similar problems with metallic objects due to salt deposition and scaling.
The worst-case scenario is considered for impact identification and evaluation. A scenario of accidental discharge of raw spentwash and untreated effluent is considered when there is water flow in the nallah in the vicinity of industrial site. The average flow of nallah is considered for impact prediction.
A) Quantification of Pollutants' Load (Molasses based Distillery Spentwash)
Table 4.14 Accidental Discharge of Raw spentwash into Nallah
No. Parameter Ci Qi CS QS Ci*Qi + Cs*Qs Cf= (Ci*Qi + CS*Qs) / (Qi+QS) 1 BOD 80,000 20 32.47 720 1623378.4 2193.75 2 COD 1,40,000 20 79.78 720 2857441.6 3861.41 3 TDS 95,000 20 787.98 720 2467345.6 3334.25
Ci–Conc. of raw spentwash in the stream, upstream of wastewater discharge, mg/l Cs- Baseline Conc. of pollutant in the stream (Nallah), upstream of wastewater discharge, mg/l Cf – Conc. of pollutant in the stream (Nallah), downstream of wastewater discharge, mg/l 3 Qi - Raw spentwash discharge rate, M /hr. 3 Qs- Nallah flow rate, M /hr
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B) Quantification of Pollutants' Load (Molasses based Distillery Untreated Effluent)
Table 4.15 Accidental Discharge of Untreated Effluent (Molasses based Distilery) into Nallah
No. Parameter Ci Qi CS QS Ci*Qi + Cf= (Ci*Qi + CS*Qs) Cs*Qs / (Qi+QS) 1 BOD 1800 27.7 32.47 720 73238.4 97.95 2 COD 3000 27.7 79.78 720 140541.6 187.97 3 TDS 1000 27.7 787.98 720 595045.6 795.83
Ci - Concentration of pollutant in the stream (untreated effluent), mg/l Cs–Baseline Concentration of pollutant in the stream (Nallah), upstream of wastewater discharge, mg/l Cf - Concentration of pollutant in the stream (Nallah), downstream of wastewater discharge, mg/l 3 Qi- Wastewater discharge rate, M /hr. 3 Qs- Nallah flow rate, M /hr
C) Quantification of Pollutants' Load (Grain based Distillery Untreated Effluent)
Table 4.16 Accidental Discharge of Untreated Effluent (Grain based Distillery) into Nallah
No. Parameter Ci Qi CS QS Ci*Qi + Cf= (Ci*Qi + CS*Qs) / Cs*Qs (Qi+QS) 1 BOD 1800 1.625 32.47 720 26303.4 36.45 2 COD 3000 1.625 79.78 720 62316.6 86.36 3 TDS 1000 1.625 787.98 720 568970.6 788.46
Ci - Concentration of pollutant in the stream (untreated effluent), mg/l Cs–Baseline Concentration of pollutant in the stream (Nallah), upstream of wastewater discharge, mg/l Cf - Concentration of pollutant in the stream (Nallah), downstream of wastewater discharge, mg/l 3 Qi- Wastewater discharge rate, M /hr. 3 Qs- Nallah flow rate, M /hr
Table 4.17 Inland surface Water (CPCB Standards)
Inland surface Water (CPCB Standards) (mg/l) A B 2 3 -- -- 2100 500
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A - Inland Surface Water Standards for irrigation purpose B - Inland Surface Water Standards for drinking purpose D) Interpretations& Conclusion
When raw spentwash finds a way to nallah, it is observed that on downstream of point of discharge, the BOD; COD & TDS of nallah water shall become 2193.75, 3861.41&3334.25 mg/lit resp. which otherwise are 32.47, 79.78&787.98 mg/lit. When untreated effluent from proposed molasses-based distillery finds a way to nallah, it is observed that on downstream of point of discharge; the BOD, COD & TDS of nallah water shall become 97.95, 187.97 & 795.83 mg/lit resp. which otherwise are 32.47, 79.78&787.98 mg/lit. When untreated effluent from proposed grain based distillery finds a way to nallah, it is observed that on downstream of point of discharge; BOD, COD & TDS of nallah water shall become 36.45, 86.36 & 788.46 mg/lit resp. which otherwise are 32.47, 79.78 & 787.98 mg/lit. The increase in concentrations of above parameters shall exert negative impact on the aquatic biota and the fresh water ecosystem. First of all, suspended particles increase turbidity which reduces light penetration thereby disrupting growth of photosynthetic plants and disturb the food chain, nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewaters act as nutrients that help aggravating problems of 'Eutrophication' and algal dominance, organic matter in the effluent could reduce dissolved oxygen levels and cause fish kill due to depletion of DO levels, excessive presence of CO2 through respiration process in eutrophied water may lead to fall in pH which results in formation of weak acids and affects the pH sensitive reactions in the water body and benthic deposits, increase in ground water TDS levels could lead to salinity problems of soils, gastro enteric disorders, problems of urine stone etc. in humans, corrosion, pitting and similar problems with metallic objects due to salt deposition and scaling. Thus, Impact is significant if raw spentwash and untreated effluent is discharged in to nallah. Non-point runoff of agro-chemicals used in the predominant sugarcane belt, washing of clothes and vehicles, dumping of solid wastes, and discharge of untreated domestic sewage from villages is polluting the water bodies in the area thus affecting littoral biota and dependent biodiversity.
4.3.3.3 Ground Water (Quality & Quantity)
Water required for proposed operations of the industry is being taken from the GWIL. Hence, as ground water will not be a source of raw water for industrial activities, there will not be any major impact on ground water reserve (quantity) in the area. However, quality of ground water could get affected adversely if effluent handling, treatment and disposal practices, especially w.r.t. spentwash, are not properly followed. If spentwash conveyance arrangements, storage tanks, MEE section, are not scientifically maintained (as per CPCB guidelines) then runoff, overflows, leakages and seepages from tanks, pipe lines, & open yards may lead to ground water contamination. Organics in effluents may impart BOD & COD to the water; increase in ground water TDS levels could lead to salinity problems of soils. The hardness increase due to effluent access to ground water is also an undesirable effect. Introduction of colour to ground water due to contamination of effluents shall not only be important from aesthetics but same may also have health concern.
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Contaminated ground water if utilized by residents of the region for drinking purpose it may affect the health. High TDS may lead to gastro enteric disorders, problems of urine stone etc. If utilized for industrial purposes, softening and demineralization may incur huge costs. Moreover, the pipelines and other metallic infrastructure involved in conveyance can undergo corrosion, pitting and similar problems due top salt deposition on exposed surfaces. Further, if polluted ground water is used for irrigation; it may deteriorate the soil fertility.
4.3.3.4 Mitigation Measures
A) Surface Water
1. Construction of 2 KT weirs in the nallah stretch from Industry to Stream (nallah) &putting baffles in KT weir to control discharge subsequent to ingress of raw spentwash & untreated effluent in to the nallah so as to carry out flow obstruction. 2. Stopping / arresting untreated effluent entry to nallah by diverting flow through leaking pipe. Lifting the stored volume upstream the KT weir by portable pumps & sending it back to tank or discharging same on nearby farm land for irrigation. 3. Pumping of contaminated discharge from nallah from first weir to tank & action of flushing & dilution to subsequent weirs. 4. Faster communication to people residing along the nallah & river about ingress of effluents in the streams followed by an appeal for not consuming the waters for domestic purposes and animal consumption. 5. Online effluent monitoring system shall be installed at inlet and outlet of effluent treatment facility for measurement of parameters like flow, pH, BOD, COD, TDS etc. 6. Separate flow meter for spentwash as well as separate energy meter would be provided to CPU and log shall be maintained for same. 7. Harvested rainwater shall be partly used for gardening (green belt) and partly for domestic purposes like toilet flushing, washing etc. thereby reducing the fresh water demand towards said activities. 8. The concepts of advanced mechanization and automation would be introduced in CPU so as to optimize power and chemical consumption as well as to minimize chances of reduced efficiencies due to human errors and non-efficient operation and maintenance practices. 9. The industry shall not discharge any untreated / treated industrial as well as domestic effluent in to any nearby surface water body.
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Figure 4.8 Provision of KT Weir
B) Ground Water
1. The recharge of ground water in study area is happening through rainfall, seepage from irrigation tanks and ponds in the study area. Under proposed project, it is proposed to implement rain water harvesting measures in the industry premises. Rain water from roof top and surface harvesting shall be collected into recharging pit to be provided on site. Harvesting of rainwater and its recharge into the ground is a very important aspect which creates positive impact on the ground water table. 2. No ground water from any bore well / open well shall be used in manufacturing processes and operations in the industry. 3. The total quantity of domestic effluent, after proper treatment, would be used for gardening on own land. 4. Spentwash storage tanks shall be constructed as per CPCB guidelines where HDPE liner and RCC lining shall be implemented. Making of Spentwash handling, storage and disposal systems totally seepage proof shall avoid any chances of groundwater contamination.
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4.3.4. Impact on Hydro-Geology
The possible impact on hydrogeology of the area has two aspects namely, the availability and quality of groundwater, in the area. This requires consideration of water requirement of the project and proposed disposal of effluents from the project in the light of existing hydrogeological environment of the area.
4.3.4.1. Mitigation Measures
In case of failure in the proposed measures of safe disposal of effluents or in case of accidental spillage on ground surface or in water bodies, there will be adverse impact on the soil and water in the area. Mitigation measures are proposed as follows. 1. Spent wash from distillery is stored in lagoons constructed for its storage. Such lagoons must be leak-proof. The floor of the lagoon should be specially checked for leakages, and it should be maintained leak-proof over the time with special care. 2. Spent wash gets spilled over while loading /unloading into the tankers, and spreads into the soil or forms small shallow pools by filling in the depressions in the ground. To prevent this, the loading / unloading area should be made leakproof. 3. In some areas spent wash is mixed with fresh water and used for irrigating the farmlands. This also causes soil pollution and ultimately groundwater pollution. This should be avoided, and awareness be made among farmers regarding such adverse effects. 4. Representative Dug Wells and Bore Wells situated in the down the gradient direction from project site to be monitored periodically to identify contamination plume if any and its concentration. 5. Rainwater harvesting measures to be implemented to acquire fresh water (in the area where most of the ground water is saline) and replenish the groundwater resources which will possibly contribute in reducing its salinity.
4.3.5. Impact of Solid and Hazardous Wastes
Solid wastes to be generated from the SGEPPL Project Complex if stored in haphazard and uncontrolled manner on site shall led to littering and suspension of the particles in air due to strong wind currents causing problems of air pollution and aesthetics. Improper utilization / disposal of ash would harm soil quality and fertility of the agriculture fields. If the boiler ash storage and concentrated spentwash tank areas are not scientifically maintained (as per CPCB guidelines) then runoff, overflows, leakages and seepages from same may lead to soil, surface water &ground water contamination. Yeast sludge from fermenters (60 KLPD) on inappropriate handling and storage conditions shall lead to formation of aerobic-anaerobic conditions in the tank body thereby resulting in to uncontrolled release of gases comprising prominently of methane, hydrogen sulphide, & sulphur dioxide and carbon di-oxide. The hydrogen sulphide imparts foul odour in the premises whereas SO2 lead to corrosive atmosphere. Moreover, inflammation of eyes, throat and respiratory track irritation are prominent effects observed in case of human being residing nearby the sludge storage / tank premises.
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The CPU sludge shall contain settled biological flocks from secondary treatment units (aeration tanks / reactors). As such they can undergo anaerobic decomposition resulting in to odour problem if not handled, stored and disposed of properly. Hazardous waste under Category 5.1, i.e. Used / Spent oil (10 Lit/M)if gets spilled or littered in environment, can contaminate environment and result in to undesirable aesthetics also. The used oils especially the ones aimed for lubricating, after draining from engines; gearboxes; hydraulic systems; turbines and air compressors shall not be suitable for use as – (1) the oil may be contaminated with wear debris, (2) the lubricating base oil gets deteriorated and degraded to acids, (3) the additives may decompose into other chemical species, (4) the oils may get mixed with process fluids, degreasers and solvents thereby changing nature and properties completely. Used oil contains wear metals such as iron, tin and copper as well as lead and zinc. Many organic molecules arise from the breakdown of additives and base oils. The molecule potentially the most harmful is the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The spent oil on spillage tends to accumulate in the environment, causing soil and water pollution. Oil decomposes very slowly. It reduces the oxygen supply to the micro-organisms that break the oil down into non-hazardous compounds. Toxic gases and harmful metallic dust particles are produced by the ordinary combustion of used oil. The high concentration of metal ions, lead, zinc, chromium and copper in used oil can be toxic to ecological systems and to human health if they are emitted from the exhaust stack of uncontrolled burners and furnaces. Some of the additives (zincdialkyl–dithio-phosphates, molybdenum disulphide, other organo- metallic compounds etc.) used in lubricants can contaminate the environment severely. Certain compounds in used oils like PAH can be very dangerous to human and animal health being carcinogenic and mutagenic. Lubricating oil is transformed by the high temperatures and stress of an engine's operation. This results in oxidation, nitration, cracking of polymers and decomposition of organ- metallic compounds. Other contaminants also accumulate in oil during use - fuel, antifreeze/coolant, water, wear metals, metal oxides and combustion products.
4.3.5.1. Mitigation Measures
1. Collection of yeast sludge from fermentation section in closed silo system, its dewatering (mechanical) and immediate disposal through burning in spentwash incineration boiler shall be done. 2. Proper and frequent lifting and disposal of the yeast sludge will avoid further troubles associated with it. 3. The CPU sludge shall also be burnt in the boilers. 4. Boiler ash shall be handled and collected through dedicated and automatic mechanical system followed by storage in separate silos. Ash shall be sprayed with water to avoid its suspension during all the processes. 5. Spent oil generated shall be burnt in incineration boiler. 6. Waste minimization techniques, as shown in following Table, are being followed at the Industry. Same practice shall be continued.
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Table 4.18 Waste Minimization Techniques
No. Station Pollutant Nature Action Waste Cost Management Options 1 Boiler House Liquid Boiler blow Maintain boiler Treat it in CPU and Low Down condition & also recycled back in feed water quality process. Gaseous Stack Adjust air fuel ratio Fly ash can be sold High emissions for efficient to brick Combustion. Check manufacturing the APC equipment performance 2 Cleanings of Liquid High BOD & - Recycle NaOH for Controlled loading High Vessels, COD, next cleaning in CPU from a boilers etc., & chemicals as - Provide standby storage Tank Laboratory NaOH, units to have Segregate Washings Sulphuric continuous laboratory effluent Acid, lead operations and join to storage - Store effluent in a tank holding tank to avoid shock loads on CPU 3 Molasses Semisolid Raw material Use only steel tanks Provide mixing & High for storage cooling arrangements 4 Fermenter Semisolid Yeast sludge Mixed with coal & Low concentrated Spentwash. And burnt in boiler. Semisolid DDGS/DWG Sold to farmers; S used as cattle feed 5 Distillation Liquid Spent wash Immediate disposal Concentration in High Column (High organic MEE – Conc. Effluent). Sp.wash blend with coal and burnt Spent lees Appropriate in boiler Effluent, Treatment MEE Forwarded to CPU Condensate and other effluents. 6 Vibrating& Noise Sound Use silencer pads & Provide earplugs & Low Heavy closed rooms earmuffs to Machinery workers and also change the work
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No. Station Pollutant Nature Action Waste Cost Management Options environment frequently 7 Odor Gaseous CPU, Proper House Sludge Low Molasses Keeping, management in tank, biological CPU Bacterial units, growth in Steaming of major interconnectin pipe lines, g pipes & Regular use of unattended Bleaching powder drains, in the drains. DDGS/ DWGS *The chimney height should be above the roof level.
4.3.6. Impact on Soil and Agriculture
Impact on soil characteristics shall be usually attributable to deposition of air pollutants from fuel burning operations in distillery, wastewater discharges and solid and hazardous waste disposal. Particulate matter and other pollutants emitted into ambient air (especially in very high concentrations due to improper working of APC equipment) may result in deposition of same on soil and nearby agriculture fields. This can result into alteration of properties of soil and its composition. As such crops and plants grown in such soils may become unable to adapt to soil changes and thus the productivity gets reduced. Also, the contaminants from effluents and solid as well as hazardous wastes could have similar effects on soil through uncontrolled and consistent applications or accidental discharges. Due to this, soil fertility slowly diminishes making it saline and non-suitable for agricultural or and any other vegetation to survive. Moreover, the microbes in soil like fungi and bacteria which can have profound effects on its microbiology and biochemistry may also receive adverse impacts due to pollutants and contaminates through effects like toxicity. Certain alterations in soils' nature may result into physical and structural changes like variation in bonding properties of soils, cohesiveness, permeability, porosity, plasticity etc. This can result in to undesirable effects like excessive erosion, seepages, infiltration. Further, death of many useful organisms in the soil (e.g. earthworms) can create troubles w.r.t. soils' fertility and productivity. As already stated in earlier section, if raw effluent is discharged on land, acidic or alkaline pH, high TDS concentrations and organic matter contents could have detrimental effects like loss of nitrogen, increase in conductivity and salinity, reduced porosity etc. There are no industries within 10km in various directions from the proposed unit. There is no cumulative impact on soils within buffer zone which also is evident from soil analysis of soil samples from within 10 km buffer.
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4.3.6.1.Mitigation Measures
1. ESP(99% efficiency)shall be installed as APC equipment for new proposed distillery and the same shall be operated continuously. Hence, the PM emission rate shall be well below the prescribed GPCB norms. Also, there will not be any serious process emissions, the impact on soil characteristics will be nil. 2. Ash shall be handled & collected through dedicated and automatic mechanical system followed by storage in separate silos. Ash shall be sprayed with water to avoid its suspension during all the above processes. Finally, it shall be forwarded to brick manufacturers for final disposal. 3. Completely 'Zero Discharge' of Spentwash from distillery shall be achieved through concentration in MEE followed by incineration. Hence, effect of this wastewater discharges, on soil and agricultural shall ne nil.
4.3.7. Impact on Noise Levels
The criteria on which noise impacts are analysed depend upon the people who are being affected. Broadly, there are two type’s viz. people who are working near the source and the people who stay near the industry. People working near the source need risk criteria for hearing damage while the people who stay near the industry need annoyance and psychological damage as the criteria for noise level impact analysis.It is quite obvious that the acceptable noise level for the latter case is less than the former case. So, the noise impact analysis can be of two types namely (1) Noise impact analysis on working environment; & (2) Noise impact analysis on community.
1) Noise Impact Analysis on Working Environment
For Noise Levels in the industrial unit, the potential noise generating sources are categorized under three major heads - noise from machinery, noise from sirens / work areas,noise from transportation. The total noise generated by operations of all equipment in the premises of all units in an Industrial Plant shall be between 70 to 85dB(A). Constant exposure to such level can result in damage to ear drums and loss of hearing, blood pressure levels, cardio-vascular disease and stress related heart problems among the workers. It may also disturb psychological condition of the workers. The actual resultant noise levels outside the factory will be much lesser in the ambient air after considering attenuation. Therefore, the impact of distillery w.r.t. noise shall be non-significant.
The noise levels in work environment are compared with the standards prescribed by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA-USA), which in turn were enforced by Government of India through model rules framed under Factories’ Act. These standards were established with the emphasis on reducing hearing loss.
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Table 4.19 Permissible Exposure In Case of Continuous Noise
No. Total Time of Sound Remarks Exposure (continuous Pressure or a number of short dB (A) term exposures) per Day, in Hours 1 8.00 90 No exposures in excess of dB (A) are permitted. 2 6.00 92 For any period of exposure falling in between any figure and the next higher or lower figure as indicated in column 2, the permissible sound pressure level is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate scale. 3 4.00 95 4 3.00 97 5 2.00 100 6 1.50 102 7 1.00 105 8 0.75 107 9 0.50 110 10 0.25 115
2) Noise Impact Analysis on Community
Noise pattern from the source is computed with the help of following formula.
Noise Level at distance r2 = (Noise level at distance r1) -20 log (r2/r1)
Noise levels get reduced considerably in the range of 20-30% because of natural obstructions. The permissible noise levels, for different categories of area, as prescribed by MoEFCC are given in Table 4.20.The resultant noise levels at the receptor in different areas/zones are envisaged to be within permissible limits. If noise levels exceed the limit, people who stay near the industry get disturbed due to reasons like annoyance and psychological reasons. The present ambient noise monitored at all villages in the study area is within reasonable limits. The noise generated from an industry gets attenuated considerably because of natural barriers like walls, vegetation, houses etc. or gets deflected along the wind direction. Thus, it can be stated that noise impact due to the proposed expansion activities in SGEPPL could be significant on working environment without control measures, while the noise impact on community would be negligible.
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Table 4.20 Standards in Respect of Ambient Noise Levels
No Category of Area Limits in dB (A), Leq . Day time Night time (6 AM to 10 (10 PM to 6 PM) AM) 1 Industrial area 75 70 2 Commercial area 65 55 3 Residential area 55 45 4 Silence zone(Hospitals, Educational Institutes 50 40 & Courts)
4.3.7.1. Mitigation Measures
1. Proper oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance shall be carried out for machineries and equipment to reduce the noise generation. 2. Noise monitoring shall be done regularly in noise prone areas and within the industry where workers will get exposed. 3. Heavy duty muffler systems shall be employed for high noise generating equipment. 4. Personal protective devices such as ear muffs, ear plugs, masks will be strictly enforced for the workers engaged in high noise prone zones. 5. For control of noise at source, steps shall be taken like - enclosing machine, reducing vibrations in components by replacing metal parts with sound absorbing materials, isolating the work place containing noisy equipment’s, reducing height of fall bins, reinforcing sheet metal constructions by packets, reduce speed of conveyor belts, covering walls/ ceilings with sound absorbing materials, using sound absorbing screens, building sound proof control areas/ rest rooms etc. In short; insulation, isolation, separation techniques shall be implemented. 6. Green belt shall be augmented which would attenuate noise intensity from the plant to surrounding and thus would prevent the noise pollution. 7. During each shift of 8 hours duration, maximum permissible limits of 115 dB (A) shall never be exceeded, in the work zone, even for a short duration.
The Industry shall administer a 'Hearing Conservation Program' for workers exposed to high noise sources which shall include monitoring, notification, protection, training and record keeping for all employees in danger of exposure. The protocol shall comprise of following-
1. Monitoring shall include developing a sampling strategy to identify employees to be included in the hearing conservation program. Each employee being monitored shall be notified of the results. Employees may observe the monitoring by the Industry. The Industry shall establish and maintain an audiometric testing program that shall be performed by a qualified person at no cost to the employees. 2. Testing shall include baseline audiograms thereafter. The annual audiogram shall be evaluated for a standard threshold shift of 10dB or more at 2000, 3000, or 4000 hertz (Hz) in either ear. Hearing protectors shall be provided by the Industry as part of the hearing conservation program. 5. Training shall comprise of observing a training program in the use and care of hearing protectors for all employees who are exposed to an 8-h TWA > 85 dB (A). The hearing
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protectors must attenuate 8 - h TWA to at least 90 dB (A) and for employees with a standard threshold shift down to at least 85 dB (A). (TWA: time weighted average).Record keeping will include maintaining audiometric test records by the Industry for the duration of the affected employment.
4.3.8 Impact of Vibration
There could not be any impact due to Vibration, because the plant operation do not create any vibration, however, care should be taken during construction of proposed plant.
4.3.9 Impact on Land Use
The following are the impacts and the mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction and operation of proposed project Impact of Land Use: Since the proposed distillery unit near to existing industrial area. The impact on land use due to the proposed unit would not be significant since most of the land is waste and barren. Impact on water bodies: The Drainage map of land use study shows that at the proposed site there are three major Nadi Sang, Churwanadi and SakraNadi that are source for agriculture and for drinking water supply. Excesses release of pollutants from the proposed units can pollute these rivers. Impact due to emission: There could be impact on the nearby crop land and habitation due to the emission from the proposed project site. The impact could be due to falling of dust and particulate matter from the chimney. The impact due to emissions on the crop land could be on the crops within 5 km from the plant. Impact on Eco-sensitive areas, wildlife and bird sanctuary: The study shows that the proposed site does not fall near to any designated wildlife/ bird sanctuary, However, since some wildlife were found near the site, and there could be impact on this wildlife if proper precautions are not taken.
4.3.9.1 Mitigation Measures
1. Zero discharge technology should be adopted and there not be any impact on nearby habitation. 2. The treated or untreated effluent from the ETP of proposed plant should NOT be let into the nearby streams or on open land that can reach to these rivers and other water bodies. 3. Appropriate mitigations measures (Air pollution control equipment) should be provided by plant management to reduce the impact due to emissions. 4. Care should be taken by plant management, to reduce the emissions and also regarding discharge of effluent. Zero emission and zero discharge concept should be adopted by unit.
4.3.10 Impact on Ecology and Bio-diversity
The impacts were considered for worst case scenario (direct discharge of untreated wastewater into nearby agriculture, water bodies and air pollution. The factory site is
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4.3.10.1 Mitigation Measures
1. The biodiversity observed during the field visit includes more than 87 species of avifauna of local and migratory birds belonging to 20 order and 38 families which included species like Lesser and grater Flamingos, Great white Pelican, Demoiselle Crane and some Raptors. Major common wildlife in the areais Nilgai, Chinkara, Wild boar, Indian Fox, Golden Jackel, Indian Hare, Indian Wolf, Porcupine, Common Mongoose and Three- striped Palm Squirrel 2. The three villages in the study area namely Bhimasar, Pasuda and Lakhapar are recommended for CER activity for conservation of the existing ecology and biodiversity in their area, as it is still in better state as compared to other villages in the study area 3. Plantation of ornamental plants, lawns bushes and shrubs if planted, should be in addition to the minimum required trees in GB for environmental protection and pollution mitigation purpose. 4. Promotion of organic farming with drip irrigation to get more yield by consuming less water, Mass block tree plantation of local species in villages for carbon sequestration, Removal of weeds and exotics in the vicinity, Solid waste and sewage management at domestic and societal level, Awareness and action in water conservation activities like reuse of water, rain water harvesting, ground water table recharge etc. and Environment awareness campaigns with locals for use of solar power, biogas, vermi-composting etc.
4.3.11 Occupational Health and Safety
Occupational health and safety is an important consideration under any industrial or developmental project. In SGEPPL there shall be number of places like alcohol storage tanks, molasses storage tanks and operations where careful attention would be required to be provided towards health and safety aspects. Further, certain ergonomic problems and lifting with wrong postures etc. may cause back-pain, spinal and joint pains. Also, handling of steam at very high pressure and temperature from boiler shall be another point of concern. Also, alcohol storage tanks shall be major area of concern from risk and hazard involved is bulk storage of ethanol. For more information on this topic, Chapter 7 on Hazard and Risk may be referred.
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4.3.11.1 Mitigation Measures
1. Flame arrestors for ethanol storage tanks will be provided. Foam added fire extinguishers would be provided in case of spill & fire. 2. High pressure boilers to be installed shall be maintained and tested as per IBR standards. Plant would be fully automated and sufficient alarms and interlocks shall be provided to take care of any abnormal condition or variations. 3. Adequate portable fire-extinguishers shall be provided on site. 4. Proper earthing arrangements shall be provided at Alcohol loading-unloading places. 5. Workers shall be provided with PPEs like goggles, safety shoes, ear muffs etc. 6. There is first aid &health centre with trained medical assistant available 24 hrs a day. 7. Periodic medical examination of workers is carried out and the record is maintained. 8. Emergency vehicle is available at the factory site for 24 hrs.
4.3.12 Impact on Historical Place
There are no historical places in the study area. Hence, the impact is nil.
4.4 EVALUATION OF IMPACT
Evaluation of impacts on the environmental parameters due to proposed establishment of Distillery project is an important aspect to be studied. For evaluation of same, Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) is implemented. The description of BEES is as follows-
4.4.1 Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES)
Evaluation of impacts on the environmental parameters due to proposed distillery is an important aspect to be studied. For evaluation of same, Battelle Environmental Evaluation System (BEES) is implemented. The description of BEES is as follows-
Level I : Categories, Level II : Components, Level III: Parameters, and Level IV: Measurements.
Each category (Level I) is divided into several components, each component (Level II) into several parameters, and each parameter (Level III) into one or more measurements. The Environmental Evaluation System (EES) implied here identifies a total of four (4) categories, twenty (20) components and eighty nine (89) parameters
BEES assessment for environmental impacts of the activities under establishment of activities by SGEPPL is based on commensurate ‘environmental impact units (EIU)’.Two EIU scores are produced, one 'with' & another 'without' the establishment project. The difference
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In addition to the EIU scores, the EES labels major adverse environmental impacts with a "red flag" These flags point to fragile elements of the environment, for which more detailed studies are warranted. Table 4.22 shows a complete list of categories, components, and parameters of the Battelle EES. Column 1 shows the four (4) categories, Column 2 shows the twenty (20) components and Column 3 shows eighty nine (89) parameters.
The EES methodology is based on assigning importance unit to each of the parameters. Collectively, these "importance units" are referred to as "parameter importance units" or PIU's. Parameters have been assigned important weights by an interdisciplinary team of experts based on the ranked-pair wise comparison techniques. A total of 1000 PIU’s distributed among the 89 parameters based on value judgments. The individual PIU’s shown in Column 4 of Table 4.2, the summation component PIU's are shown in Column 5, and the summation category PIU's are shown in Column 6. Effectively, for each parameter i, its (PIU)i represents a weight wi
Each PIUi or wi requires a specific quantitative measurement. The methodology converts different measurements into common units by means of a scalar or "value function." A scalar has the specific measurement on x-axis and a common environmental quality scale or "value" on the y-axis. The latter varies in the range 0 ≤ Vi ≤ 1. A value of Vi = 0 indicates very poor quality, while Vi = 1 indicates very good quality. Values of Vi = Vi, 0 are obtained for conditions 'without' the project, and Vi = Vi, 1 for conditions 'with' the project. The condition 'without' the project represents the current condition, while that 'with' the project represents the predicted future condition.
The environmental impact EI is evaluated as follows:
EI = ∑ [ Vi,1wi ] - ∑ [ Vi,0wi ] for i = 1 to n, where n = number of parameters (89).
For EI> 0, the situation 'with' the project is better than 'without' the project, indicating that the project has positive environmental benefits. Conversely, for EI< 0, the situation 'with' the project is worse than 'without' the project, indicating that the project has negative environmental benefits, i.e. certain negative impacts. A large negative value of EI indicates the existence of substantial negative impacts.
The assigned weights or PIU's represent the relative importance of each parameter within the overall system. Once established, they should be kept constant; otherwise, the environmental impact assessment would be difficult to replicate.
The potential problem areas are represented by those parameters for which the Vi value changes significantly in the adverse direction, as measured by the following relation (in percent)-
ΔVi (%) = 100 (Vi,0 - Vi,1) / Vi, 0
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These parameters are tagged with 'red flags' to indicate potential problems which may warrant more detailed attention. For parameters in the ecology category, a minor red flag applies when 5% <ΔVi< 10%; a major red flag when ΔVi> 10 %. In all other categories, a minor red flag applies when ΔVi< 30% whereas a major red flag when ΔVi ≥ 30%.
The EES can be applied for the evaluation of project impacts, to select specific alternatives, or during the planning process to minimize potential adverse impacts of proposed projects. In the latter case, a feedback loop is used to continually modify the proposed project through successive iterations. Projects developed with the help of EES are expected not only to minimize environmental impacts, but also help improve selected portions of the environment.
4.4.2 Environmental Impact Evaluation for SGEPPL
Environmental quality assessment for the proposed distillery project has been undertaken by evaluating relevant environmental parameters. These parameters represent various components of environment -
1. Biological Environment
2. Environmental Pollution Water Air Soil Noise
3. Aesthetics
4. Human Interest
Functional relationship (value functions) has been developed for each of the selected parameter, resulting in parameter measurement with environmental quality.
The allocation of PIUs, among the selected environmental parameters, represents a consequence of opinion of members of an interdisciplinary team of experts. Accordingly, the major environmental categories i.e. biological environment, environmental pollution, aesthetics and human interests are allocated 240, 402, 153 and 205 PIUs respectively, out of total of 1,000 units. The exhaustive list of parameters and associated PIUs used for impact assessment of proposed unit of SGEPPL is presented. Though the BEES is considered to be the best available environmental evaluation technique, conflicting conclusions, among decision makers, could arise in the interpretation of evaluated results. The primary factors giving rise to such difference in opinion are at uncertainty and subjectivity in the allocation of PIUs to different environmental parameters and uncertainty caused by the aggregation of individual parameter scores to yield the final project score under different project impact scenarios. It is, therefore, necessary to take into account such variability and uncertainty while inferring the impact of a development project on the surrounding environment
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Table 4.21 Existing Environmental Status in Study Area
No. Category Component Parameter Description
1 Biological Terrestrial Natural Natural vegetation in the study area comprises few big growing trees like Banyan, Environment Environment Vegetation Peepal, Tamarind, Neem etc. For more details refer Chapter 3, Section 3.12, Table- 3.27. Crops In the study area, major crop is bajra, jowar, wheat, til, cotton, castor etc. For more details refer Chapter 3, Section 3.12, Table- 3.27 Species Diversity Presence of5 species of mammals,87 species of avifauna, 6 flora, 24 faunawere observed and reported in the study area. For more details refer Chapter 3, Section 3.12 Food Web Index Diverse kinds of habitats and dependent biodiversity is present in the area resulting in high food web index. Rare & i) Plant Species: Many of these species are evergreen and semi-evergreen and play Endangered critical role in conserving local biodiversity and agro-climatic conditions. List of Species common flora observed during survey is given in Chapter 3, Section 3.12. ii) Animal Species: 18 Near Threaten species were observed during field visit. Pest Species No major pest or parasitic species were observed in study area. Aquatic Natural It includes no. of phytoplankton’s, zooplanktons &aquatic plant species are present Environment Vegetation in the water bodies of study area. Species Diversity Marshy lands and tanks at village Mithi Rohar, Morwadar, Bhimasar, Pasuda, Chirai, Lakhapar and Paswariya are noticed supporting dependent aquatic biodiversity. Food Web Index As the aquatic biodiversity in the area is good the food web index is also found good 2 Environmental Water Major parameters, which represent the water environment; are BOD, TDS, COD Pollution and pH. Eight surface water bodies were monitored from the study area (Churwa River (4), Tapar Lake, Tapar Lake, Gangasar Lake,Chrurwa River (Motapasawariya), Bhimasar Lake. The water quality is found to be good with exceeding TDS, total hardness, turbidity and coliforms at some locations. Refer
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No. Category Component Parameter Description
Chapter 3; Section 3.9. Soil Land Use Pattern Total land use under study area is 314 Sq. Km. It is mainly divided into 9 classes. The details of classification are given in Chapter 3 (section 3.3.1) Soil Chemistry The soil chemistry is moderate to good for agriculture. As NPK values of soils are inadequate at most of the places in study area, good crops cannot be grown without use of fertilizers. Air Quality Overall quality of the ambient air is good with less impact of factors such as transportation, industrialization, habituations, mining etc. in the study area. More details are presented in Chapter 3, Section 3.8. Noise Quality Noise levels in the study area were found to be well within the limits of NAAQS. Vibration Quality No vibration and allied impact creating activities (mining, heavy construction, infrastructure creation etc.) were noted in the study area. 3 Aesthetics Topographic Landscape The study area is almost flat terrain in south–eastern Kutch district, close to Kandla al port near Gulf of Kutch Character Green Cover In study area the natural vegetation cover in past was mosaic of scrub (40%), grasslands (36%) with fallow land (14%) while manmade habitats includes different agriculture crops (28%). Visual Quality of Quality of air in visual perspective was found to be good with clear visibility of Air about 1 Km or so in the afternoon during monitoring season of Oct.-Nov. Dec. 2018. Visual Quality of The overall water quality in surface water bodies was found to be good. Water Sound No sound and allied impact creating activities were noted in the study area. Overall sound was found to be satisfactory with noise levels within the NAAQS norms. 4 Human Community In study area it was observed that; there is good community health.In the study area Interest Health there were Primary Health Centre (PHC) & Primary Health Sub Centre in their respective villages which were in proper working conditions
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No. Category Component Parameter Description
Employment The people in the study area mainly involved in diverse single or multiple livelihood activities such as agriculture, daily wages (Agriculture and MIDC), diverse services, security guard (in industries), driver etc., own business. Animal husbandry was also a secondary occupation for some people. Economy The most households belonged to the lower middle class and upper middle class category. However the respondents as expected were reluctant to reveal their actual income. This was observed from their life style, and as many do not calculate their collective income accurately. Transportation & Good public transportation system is available along with hired pooling Communication transportation facilities. Education High school facility is available in study area. Water Supply In all villages population depended on Canal (Narmada River) through taps and also partially on groundwater sources like wells and tube wells for domestic purpose.(According to 86 % respondents there is no shortage of water in the area as it is available sufficiently throughout year. Some (16%) however mentioned shortage of water due to last year’s low rainfall) Occupational Public Health Centres (PHC) and Public Health Sub Centres in the village in Health working conditions with availability of doctors. Thus, it can be concluded that most villages lack the basic PHCs facility in their respective villages.
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Table 4.22 Application of BEES for Impact Evaluation
Categorie Compone Parameters Parameter Importance V i,0 Vi,1 ΔVi WiΔVi s nts Units (PIUs) Withou With t Proje Project ct Parame Compo Categor ter nent y PIUi\Wi PIUs PIUs 1 2 3 4 5 = 6 = 7 8 9= 10=9X Sum Sum 8-7 4 of 4 of 5 Biological Species & 1. Terrestrial browsers 20 140 240 0.7 0.7 0 0 Environm Populatio & grazers ent ns 2. Terrestrial crops 14 0.7 0.7 0 0 (Ecology) (Terrestria (Farm land) l Flora, 3. Terrestrial natural 26 0.7 0.8 0.1 2.6 Terrestrial vegetation. (Grass, Fauna, Flowers, Trees Aquatic &Shrubs) Biota) 4. Terrestrial pest 08 0.5 0.5 0 0 species 5. Terrestrial upland 20 0.8 0.8 0 0 birds 6. Aquatic commercial 12 0.5 0.5 0 0 fisheries. 7. Aquatic natural 08 0.5 0.5 0 0 vegetation 8. Aquatic pest species 08 0.5 0.5 0 0 9. Fish 10 0.6 0.6 0 0 10. Water fowl 14 0.5 0.5 0 0 Habitats 11. Terrestrial food 10 100 0.7 0.7 0 0 & web index Communi 12. Land use 10 0.6 0.6 0 0 ties 13. Terrestrial rare & 14 0.8 0.8 0 0 endangered species. 14. Terrestrial species 14 0.8 0.8 0 0 diversity 15. Aquatic food web 08 0.6 0.6 0 0 index 16. Aquatic rare & 08 0.5 0.5 0 0 endangered species 17. River characteristics 08 0.6 0.6 0 0 18. Aquatic species 08 0.6 0.6 0 0 diversity 19. Habitat Removal, 10 0.7 0.7 0 0 Contamination of
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Categorie Compone Parameters Parameter Importance V i,0 Vi,1 ΔVi WiΔVi s nts Units (PIUs) Withou With t Proje Project ct Parame Compo Categor ter nent y PIUi\Wi PIUs PIUs 1 2 3 4 5 = 6 = 7 8 9= 10=9X Sum Sum 8-7 4 of 4 of 5 Habitat (Aquatic Biota) 20. Terrestrial Fauna - 10 0.6 0.6 0 0 Fragmentation of Terrestrial Habitat, Environm Water 21. Basin hydrologic 18 318 402 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -1.8 ental loss(alteration of Pollution hydraulic regime, alteration of surface runoff, alteration of aquifers) 22. BOD (Water 26 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -2.6 Quality-WQ) 23. Dissolved Oxygen 26 0.8 0.7 -0.1 -2.6 (WQ) 24. Fecal Coli-forms 18 0.6 0.6 0.0 0 (WQ) 25. Carbon(WQ) 18 0.6 0.6 0 0 26. Nitrogen (WQ) 28 0.6 0.6 0 0 27. Phosphorus (WQ) 28 0.6 0.6 0 0 28. Pesticides (WQ) 18 0.3 0.3 0 0 29. pH(WQ) 36 0.9 0.9 0 0 30. Stream flow 20 0.6 0.6 0 0 variation (alteration of river, nalla, channel) 31. Temperature 34 1.0 1.0 0 0 32. TDS (WQ) 20 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -2.0 33. Toxic 18 0.7 0.7 0 0 substances(WQ) 34. Turbidity (WQ) 10 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 Air 35. Carbon dioxide Air 10 46 0.8 0.7 -0.1 -1.0 Quality (AQ) 36. Hydrocarbons (AQ) 04 0.8 0.8 0 0 37. Nitrogen oxides 08 0.8 0.8 0 0 (AQ) 38. Particulate matter 10 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -1.0
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Categorie Compone Parameters Parameter Importance V i,0 Vi,1 ΔVi WiΔVi s nts Units (PIUs) Withou With t Proje Project ct Parame Compo Categor ter nent y PIUi\Wi PIUs PIUs 1 2 3 4 5 = 6 = 7 8 9= 10=9X Sum Sum 8-7 4 of 4 of 5 (AQ) 39. Photochemical 02 0.9 0.9 0 0 oxidants (AQ) 40. Sulfur dioxide (AQ) 10 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -1.0 41. Other (Climate) 02 1.0 1.0 0 0 Land 42. Land use 10 32 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.0 (Soil) 43. Soil erosion 12 0.6 0.7 0.1 1.2 44. Soil Contamination 04 0.8 0.8 0 0 45. Soil Quality 06 0.7 0.7 0 0 Noise 46. Noise 06 06 0.8 0.7 0.7 0 Aesthetics Land 47. Surface material 10 32 158 0.8 0.8 0 0 Cultural 48. Relief & 14 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.4 topographic character 49. Width & alignment 08 0.8 0.8 0 0 Air 50. Odor and visual 03 05 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -0.3 51. Sounds 02 0.8 0.8 0 0 Water 52. Appearance 16 62 0.9 0.9 0 0 53. Land and water 16 0.9 0.9 0 0 interface 54. Odour and floating 10 0.8 0.8 0 0 materials 55. Water surface area 10 1.0 1.0 0 0 56. Wooded and 10 0.8 0.8 0 0 geologic shoreline Biota 57. Animals- domestic 02 30 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 58. Animals – wild 10 0.8 0.8 0 0 59. Diversity of 10 0.8 0.8 0 0 vegetation types 60. Variety within 08 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.8 vegetation types Manmade 61. Manmade objects 09 09 0.7 0.7 0 0 Objects Compositi 62. Composite effect 10 20 0.7 0.7 0 0 on 63. Unique composition 10 0.9 0.9 0 0
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Categorie Compone Parameters Parameter Importance V i,0 Vi,1 ΔVi WiΔVi s nts Units (PIUs) Withou With t Proje Project ct Parame Compo Categor ter nent y PIUi\Wi PIUs PIUs 1 2 3 4 5 = 6 = 7 8 9= 10=9X Sum Sum 8-7 4 of 4 of 5
Human Education 64. Archaeological 04 48 200 0.7 0.7 0 0 Interest al / 65. Training in new 16 0.5 0.7 0.2 3.2 (Social, Scientific technologies& skill Cultural) Packages development 66. Ecological 06 0.8 0.8 0 0 Effects on crops, Reduction of farm land 67. Geological 10 0.8 0.8 0 0 68. Hydrological 14 0.7 0.8 0.1 1.4 Historical 69. Architecture and 04 50 0.8 0.8 0 0 Packages styles (Infrastruc 70. Conflicts with 08 0.9 0.9 0 0 ture and projects of urban services) commercial or industrial development 71. Events Recreation 10 0.9 0.9 0 0 72. Persons 10 0.9 0.9 0 0 73. Religions & 10 0.9 0.9 0 0 Cultures 74. Western frontier 08 0.9 0.9 0 0 Cultures 75. Indians 10 20 0.9 0.9 0 0 76. Other ethnic groups 05 0.9 0.9 0 0 77. Religious groups 05 0.9 0.9 0 0 Mood/At 78. Awe-Inspiration 06 28 1.0 1.0 0 0 mosphere 79. Isolation solitude 08 1.0 1.0 0 0 80. Mystery 04 1.0 1.0 0 0 81. Oneness with nature 10 1.0 1.0 0 0 Security 82. Increase in crime & 05 05 0.7 0.7 0 0 and Safety accidents caused Health 83. Temporary acute & 05 05 0.7 0.7 0 0 chronic Life 84. Employment 20 42 0.5 0.8 0.3 6.0 Patterns opportunities (Econo- (Creation of new
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Categorie Compone Parameters Parameter Importance V i,0 Vi,1 ΔVi WiΔVi s nts Units (PIUs) Withou With t Proje Project ct Parame Compo Categor ter nent y PIUi\Wi PIUs PIUs 1 2 3 4 5 = 6 = 7 8 9= 10=9X Sum Sum 8-7 4 of 4 of 5 my) economic activities, generation of Temporary & Permanent Jobs) 85. Income for state & 14 0.5 0.7 0.2 2.8 private sector. 86. Saving for 02 0.6 0.6 0 0 consumers and private consumers, Savings in foreign currency for the state. 87. Housing. 06 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.6 (Commercial value of properties, Electricity tariff) 88. Social interactions 02 0.6 0.6 0 0 (Conflict due to negotiations & / or compensation payments, Political conflicts, Demonstration and Social Conflicts. The Battelle EES Environmental Impact Analysis Cumulative Index Ei +8.1
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Table 4.23 Identification of RED Flags to the Potential Problem Areas in Battelle EES
PIUsWi V i,0 V i,1 ΔVi ΔVi, r # Red No. Without With Flag Project Project 1 2 3 4 5 =4-3 6=5/3 X 7 100 21. Basin hydrologic 18 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -16.6 Minor loss(alteration of hydraulic regime, alteration of surface runoff, alteration of aquifers) 22. BOD (Water Quality- 26 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -14.28 Minor WQ) 23. Dissolved Oxygen (WQ) 08 0.8 0.7 -0.1 -12.50 Minor 32. TDS (WQ) 20 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -14.28 Minor 34. Turbidity (WQ) 10 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -16.66 Minor 35. Carbon dioxide Air 10 0.8 0.7 -0.1 -12.50 Minor Quality (AQ) 39. Particulate matter (AQ) 10 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -16.66 Minor 40.Sulfur dioxide (AQ) 10 0.6 0.5 -0.1 -16.66 Minor 50. Odor and visual 03 0.7 0.6 -0.1 -14.28 Minor
# - In the Battelle EES, the potential problem areas are represented by those parameters for which the Vi value changes significantly in the adverse direction, as measured by the following relation (negative values, in %) – ΔVi, r = 100 [V i,1 - V i,0 ] / V i,0. These parameters are tagged with 'red flags' to indicate potential problems which may warrant more detailed attention. For parameters in the ecology category, a minor red flag applies when 5% <ΔVi,r ≤ 10%, and a major red flag when ΔVi,r> 10 %. In all other categories, a minor red flag applies when ΔVi,r ≤ 30% or ΔVi ≤ 0.1, and a major red flag when ΔVi,r> 30% or ΔVi> 0.1.
Table 4.24 The Mitigation Measures
No. Parameters Mitigation Measures 1 Basin Hydrologic Loss Mitigation Measures w.r.t. water quality are described in section 4.3.3.Also, water budget & water adequacy details are provided in chapter 2, section.2.7 2 BOD and DO Mitigation Measures are described in section 4.3.3. Refer water monitoring reports in chapter 3 section 3.9 for exiting condition of water in study area 3 TDS(WQ) and Turbidity Mitigation Measures are described in section 4.3.3. Refer water monitoring reports in chapter 3 section 3.9 for exiting condition of water in study area. 4 CO2 Mitigation Measures are described in section 4.3.1. Refer ambient air monitoring reports in chapter 3 section 3.8 for
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No. Parameters Mitigation Measures exiting condition of air in study area. 5 Particulate Matter Mitigation Measures are described in section 4.3.1. Refer ambient air monitoring reports in chapter 3 section 3.8 for exiting condition of air in study area 6 SO2 Mitigation Measures are described in section 4.3.1. Refer ambient air monitoring reports in chapter 3 section 3.8 for exiting condition of air in study area 7 Odour and Visual Mitigation Measures are described in section 4.3.1.
4.5 IMPACTS DUE TO DECOMMISSIONING ACTIVITY
4.5.1 Decommissioning Phase
"Decommissioning" is a procedure to make an equipment or manufacturing setup unfit for its reuse for its designed function. This could be done by cutting project components into small pieces, demolition of buildings, disconnecting circuits and removing of all infrastructures set up thereby making it unusable.
Table 4.25 Identification of Impacts due to Decommissioning of SGEPPL
No Env. Aspect Activities /Operation Impact Identification Measures 1 Land Use Dismantling and The land will be barren -- decommissioning of and vacant after industrial set up. decommissioning Proposed project being agro-based, post decommissioning use would be residential or agriculture. 2 Air Cutting, demolition Release of fumes of acid/ Water sprinkling to and dismantling alkali during washing suppress dust during operations. Fugitive dust during demolition work. Transportation. demolition of building & transportation. 3 Water Washing of Washing discharges Washing manufacturing getting access into nearby discharges to equipment, mills, nallah under uncontrolled CPU; treatment & pans, centrifuges, operational conditions. disposal through pipelines, fermenters, same outside distillation industrial premises infrastructure, tanks after achieving etc. during specified detoxification standards. 4 Solid Waste Cutting wastes, Littering of wastes Solid wastes & scrap, demolition Bad aesthetics generated would Hazardous wastes etc. be sold to
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No Env. Aspect Activities /Operation Impact Identification Measures Waste Oils and lubricants authorized re- removed from processor. equipment Demolition waste to land fills. 5 Noise Cutting and drilling Increase in noise levels PPEs to manpower activities during during decommissioning. involved in decommissioning decommissioning Dismantling of heavy and safety machinery & measures to will equipment, be followed. fermenters, distillation column, turbines, boilers etc. 6 Risk & Dismantling & Accidents, spillage of Use of PPEs, Hazard decommissioning of molasses, alcohols, expert and equipment’s spentwash etc., and experienced &buildings. storage tanks supervision, due detoxification, storage follow up of safety tanks dismantling. norms & procedures.
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Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology and Site)
5.1 INTRODUCTION
While preparation of EIA report it is necessary that one should consider project alternatives and their relative potential impact on the environment. Selection of alternative is thus more critical in an industrial development where time, money, environment and natural resources are at stake. Hence, selection of alternative must be both - practical and rational, taking into consideration the constraint of the project.
5.2 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITES Proposed distillery establishment, from 60 KLPD molasses based or grain based i.e multifeed distillery, will be implemented within Proposed acquired land. Industry has sufficient land for establishment and hence no any alternative site was considered.
5.3 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
5.3.1 Fermentation Process Manufacture of alcohol basically involves fermentation of substrate containing sugar material such molasses and grains. Fermentation processes are classified as batch and continuous. Conventional fermentation process employed for production of Rectified Spirit (RS) involves batch process with 3 to 5 fermenters in series. Fermentation is carried out with 15 to 20% solid content in solution. Process generates 12 to 15 liters of spentwash per liter of RS and 220-230 liters of RS per ton of molasses. Process was subsequently improved by employing continuous fermentation with one or more fermenters in series. This has advantage of 250- 270 liters of RS production per ton of molasses and 8-10 liter of spentwash generation per liter of RS. Continuous fermentation has reduced fermentation period to less than 36 hours. Spentwash generation can be further reduced to 2-3 KL/KL of alcohol by incorporation of re- boilers in distillation columns.
5.3.2 Distillation Process
Fermented wash is distilled through a number of distillation columns and the alcohol present in it is separated. In conventional process, earlier distillation was carried out at atmospheric pressure. In modern process, the distillation is carried out under vacuum and at different pressures. As such the process is named 'Multi-pressure Vacuum Distillation'. Due to this, steam and power consumption in the process have considerably reduced. Following are the advantages of Multi-pressure Vacuum Distillation –
Analyzer column operates under vacuum due to which formation of by-products such as acetal gets minimized thereby improving quality of finished product i.e. alcohol Analyzer column with hyper–state trays ensure high turbulence on tray. This minimizes chances of scaling. Also, this special construction of trays and access to each tray helps in easier maintenance of column internals.
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Pre-Rectification column ensures proper removal of sulphur compounds / mercaptans for ensuring a good odour to alcohol. This column also reduces the load of lower boiling volatile compounds passing on to rectifier cum exhaust column. Vacuum distillation system requires low steam consumption of about 1.8 Kg/liter of total alcohol of EQRS quality as against 2.0 – 2.2 Kg/liter of total alcohol of normal quality in atmospheric distillation. System designed for maximum heat integration for optimum utilization of energy. Minimum number of condensers. Forced circulation multi – pass condensers with optimum tube side velocities. Use of term siphon re-boilers in analyzer column help in maintaining uniform temperature profile across the column. This arrangement also avoids excess spentwash volume generation. Energy saving by recovery of steam condensate from thermo siphon re-boiler of analyzer column. Effective separation of fusel oils from decanter.
Hence SGEPPL has selected Continuous Fermentation Technology with closed Multi Pressure Vaccum Distillation process for production of alcohol.
5.3.3 Analysis of Alternative Technology for Abating Pollution
Following table shows the different between the technology used /to be used in most of the industries and modern Technology to be implemented by SGEPPL.
Table 5.1 Technology for Abating Pollution
No. Particulars Technology used in most of the distillery units 1 Water Spentwash generated from distillery is generally shall be Conc. In MEE followed by incineration in incineration boiler of distillery. 2 Air Steam required from distillery operations would be taken from the proposed incineration boiler itself. 2 Solid Wastes Solid waste in the form of yeast sludge is generated. Shall be in proposed incineration boiler. Boiler ash is used as sell to bricks Mfg. CPU Sludge shall be burn in incineration boiler. Discard Containers shall be Reprocessed through Authorized Dealer.
5.3.4 Captive Power Plant.
Coal blended with concentrated spentwash is used as fuel in the boiler to generate steam. Generated steam is used for moving the power turbine to produce power (2 MW). Coal based power generation project in the premises of SGEPPL fulfills the captive need and make available surplus power to be exported in the grid.
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Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Program
6.1 INTRODUCTION
With knowledge of baseline conditions, monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of project. This will enable in taking up suitable steps, in time, to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is an important tool for control of pollution since efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring.
In SGEPPL project, monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the following -
• State of pollution within plant and in its vicinity; • Examine efficiency of Pollution Control Systems installed in the plant; • Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution; • To verify the impacts predicated due to the proposed project. • To identify the trends with time in the levels of parameters
Environmental monitoring after implementation of proposed project is important to assess performance of pollution control equipments installed. Sampling and analysis of environmental attributes including monitoring locations will be as per the guidelines of the Central Pollution Control Board/ State Pollution Control Board. Accordingly, environmental monitoring will be conducted on regular basis by SGEPPL to assess pollution level in plant as well in surrounding area with following objectives:
• To verify the impacts predicted under proposed project. • To identify the trends with time in the levels of parameters. • To check or assess the efficiency of the various pollution controlling measures. • To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do not become critical through commissioning of proposed project. • Establish database for future impact assessment studies towards proposed projects.
6.2 MONITORING PROGRAM DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
As discussed in Chapter – 4, impact during construction phase shall not be permanent and certain minor impacts are predicted on air, water, soil and human health due to dust emission and noise during transportation and construction activity. Hence, there is need to conduct monitoring during construction phase was ruled out. Moreover, necessary mitigation for impacts during this phase is suggested under Chapter-4.
6.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING POST CONSTRUCTION / OPERATIONAL PHASE
During operational stage, continuous air emissions from power boilers, wastewater disposal, non-hazardous waste such as ash, chemicals used in processing, used oily wastes are expected. Following attributes which merit regular monitoring based on environmental setting and natures of project activities are listed below:
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• Water and wastewater quality (water quality, effluent & sewage quality etc); • Solid and hazardous waste characterization (fly ash, yeast sludge, CPU sludge, wet cake,, Spent oil); • Soil quality; • Noise levels (equipment and machinery noise levels, occupational exposures and ambient noise levels) • Ecological preservation and afforestation.
6.3.1 Air Pollution Management
Apart from ambient air and source monitoring during operation stage following recommendations are also suggested -
• APC equipment would be interlocked with process as per the guidelines of CPCB. • If stack emissions exceed the standards, corresponding units of plant which are contributing to excessive pollutant load are stopped till quantity of pollutant discharged from those units are brought down to the required level. • In case of failure of pollution control equipment, production process connected to it shall be stopped. • Under no circumstances, emissions shall exceed limits mentioned in EC/ consent order. • Online monitoring system is shall be installed for Proposed 25 TPH Incineration. Data collected shall be collected and uploaded to GPCB & CPCB server. • IP cameras shall be installed, maintained and data collected shall be formulated to CPCB server. • In case of power failure, alternate electric source would be provided which would be sufficient to operate APC equipment continuously
6.3.2 Water Management
Total water requirement for Proposed 60 KLPD Molasses would be 929 M3/ Day. And grain based distillery project would be 830 M3/ Day. For detail water requirement refer section 2.7.1 of Chapter – 2. Effluent generated from SGEPPL shall be given proper treatment as earlier and also as per CREP guidelines. Refer Table 2.17 and table 2.18 of Chapter - 2 for effluent Treatment & Disposal for 60 KLPD Distillery.
• Industry would observe that effluent collection, disposal and treatment facilities always remain in a good shape so as to achieve desired efficiencies. • Flow meters will be installed at inlet and outlet of MEE and CPU. Online monitoring system will be provided to inlet and outlet of CPU. • Cameras would be installed as per the guidelines of CPCB. • Spent wash storage lagoon shall be lined to avoid percolation of leachate. • No untreated industrial effluent should be disposed off on land or in surface water body. • Pipeline and storage tanks meant for effluent conveyance and storage should be checked periodically and should not have any leakages. Leakage, if any, will harm surrounding soil and water environment significantly. SGEPPL & stainless steel could be used as pipeline and valves material respectively. • Pumps in CPU shall be supplied with alternate electric supply source in case of power failure.
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6.3.3 Noise Level Management
Vital aspects of noise pollution and its mitigation measures are mentioned in Chapter 2. Moreover, people working in close vicinity of high noise generating equipments would be provided with PPE such as ear plugs, ear muffs etc.
• The industry would take care while procuring major noise generating machines/ equipments to ensure that manufacturers have taken adequate measures to minimize generation of noise. • The distance between source and receiver would be increased and relative orientation of source and receiver would be altered. • Thick bushy trees would be planted in and around the industrial area to intercept noise transmission to nearby villages. • Workers would be provided with Personal Protective Equipment PPE like earmuffs & earplugs, noise helmets etc. • Allocation of work would be managed so that no worker would be exposed to noise more than 90 dB (A) for more than 8 hours. • Creating awareness about noise pollution among the workers. • The overall noise levels in and around plant area would be kept well within standards by providing noise control measures including acoustic hoods, silencers, enclosures etc. on all sources of noise generation. • Monitoring shall include developing a sampling strategy to identify employees to be included in the hearing conservation program. Each employee being monitored shall be notified of results. Employees may observe monitoring by industry. Industry shall establish and maintain an audiometric testing program that shall be performed by a qualified person at no cost to employees. • Record keeping will include maintaining audiometric test records by the Industry for the duration of the affected employment.
Table 6.1 Trees with Good Canopy for Noise Attenuation
No. Scientific Name Common Habit Ht Evergreen Crown Shape Name (M) 1 Azadirachta indica Neem Tree 20 Evergreen Spreading 2 Alstonia scholaris Devil Tree Tree 15 Evergreen Round 3 Derris indica Karanj Tree 10 Evergreen Round 4 Anthocephalus indicus Kadamb Tree 15 Evergreen Round 5 Polyalthia longifolia Ashok Tree 15 Evergreen Conical/ Rounded 6 Butea monosperma Palas Tree 10 Deciduous Oblong / Ovoid 7 Ficus religiosa Pipal Tree 10-15 Evergreen Round
6.3.4 Land Management
There are no chances of change in soil characteristics due to air pollutants and suspended particulates from proposed activity. There would be no any discharge of untreated domestic or industrial effluent. Solid and hazardous waste in being stored in dedicated area shall be provided on site.
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• Provision of shrubs and thick trees at storage and disposal places of the solid waste would be made. • Proposed distillery project augmentation of trees would be done in phase wise manner water requirement for this purpose would be met from reuse of treated domestic effluent/ industrial effluent. • Water sprinklers shall be provide to suppress the windblown dust on the as storage yard. • Collection and transportation of waste shall be in closed container system. • No solid waste shall be allowed to litter around and degrade the land.
6.3.5 Odour Management
There are different odour sources in a distillery, which include molasses tank, storage area of DDGS & DWGS fermentation and distillation etc. To abate the odour nuisance, industry has a concrete planning which includes following steps and actions-
• Collection of waste yeast sludge from fermentation section in a closed system and its immediate and proper disposal. • Reduced volume of effluents (spentwash, spent leese) by adopting strategic approaches such as use of the effluents back in process under Reduce-Reuse-Recycle planning. • Closed drains carrying spentwash to the treatment units, minimization of fugitive emissions from anaerobic treatment units. • Minimum retention of raw and conc. spentwash in storage lagoons. • Adoption of GMPs (Good management practices). • Arranging awareness and training camps for workers. • Use of PPE like masks by everybody associated with odour potential prone areas. • India has very few trained and skilled manpower as per the requirement of international practices for odour monitoring and control. Therefore, human resource shall be developed and continuous efforts will be made for upgrading knowledge base and skill in this area. Human resource development shall include representatives from academic and national research institutions, state and central regulatory agencies and distilleries.
6.3.6 Dust Management
All the equipment and machinery used shall be maintained properly and shall be kept clean. For proposed distillery, the acid dosing equipments used in the fermentation processes would be checked regularly to prevent any leakages. The fermenters shall be maintained properly and should be kept clean to avoid any contamination that would be affect the quality of alcohol. The quality of stack emission depends very much on the operating parameters of plant. Improper combustion of fuel in the boiler increases unburnt carbon particles in the exhaust flue gases therefore proper maintenance is an important factor. The lubricants used for various equipment and fuel-handling area would contribute to the pollution aspect. It would be taken care of, at the source, by looking after possible spillage, drippings, leakage etc. in the plant.
6.3.7 OPERATION CONTROL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
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All equipments and machinery used shall be maintained properly and should be kept clean. For proposed distillery, the acid dosing equipments used in fermentation processes would be checked regularly to prevent any leakages. Fermenters should be maintained properly and should be kept clean to avoid any contamination that would affect the quality of alcohol.
Quality of stack emission depends very much on operating parameters of plant. Improper combustion of fuel in boilers increases unburnt carbon particles in exhaust flue gases therefore proper maintenance is an important factor. Lubricants used for various equipment and fuel-handling areas would contribute to pollution aspect. It would be taken care of, at source, by looking after possible spillage, drippings, leakage etc. in plant.
6.3.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY MEASURES
The following measures are been taken up by Proposed unit –
• As per requirement of Factory Act, there is provision of Occupational Health Centre. There under, a qualified visiting doctor shall be appointed. • Regular medical checkup of employees is carried out and records are maintained. • An ambulance is provided on site 24 x 7 to deal with emergencies if any. • Workmen Compensation Policy as well as Mediclaim Health Policy shall be done for all workers (temporary and permanent) in industry and which is renewed every year.
The following measures shall be taken under proposed activity - • The infrastructure of Occupational Health Centre shall be enhanced in order to provide medical facilities to all the workers as well as nearby village/town people. • An ambulance shall be available all the time i.e. 24 x 7 will be used. • Regular medical check-up of newly employed workers under proposed shall be done and record shall be maintained. • Provision of Workmen Compensation Policy as well as Mediclaim Health Policy shall be done for workers under establishment (temporary & permanent) & shall be renewed yearly. • Display of sigh boards in hazard areas shall be in local language. • Provision of PPE to all workers.
Table 6.2 Health Care Facility Equipment
No. Instrument Use 1 Stethoscope Used to hear sounds from movements within body, like heart beats, intestinal movement, breath sounds, etc. 2 Reflex testing hammer To test motor reflexes of the body (padded) 3 Sphygmomanometer To record the patient's blood pressure (Blood Pressure meter) 4 A thin beam electric To see into eye, body's natural orifices, etc. and to test torch for pupillary light reflex, etc. 5 A watch / stopwatch Used in recording rates like heart rate, respiratory rate, etc.for certain tests of hearing 6. A measuring tape For size measurements 7 A weighing machine To record the weight 8 Tuning forks To test for deafness and to categorize it
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No. Instrument Use 9 Kidney dish As a tray for instruments, gauze, tissue, etc. 10 Thermometer To record the body temperature 11 Gas cylinders Supply of oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, etc. 12 Oxygen mask or tubes Delivering gases up to the nostrils to assist in oxygen intake or to administer aerosolized or gaseous drugs 13 Vaporizer To produce vapours 14 Instrument sterilizers Used to sterilize instruments in absence of an autoclave 15 Dressing drums Storage of gowns, cotton, linen, etc. 16 Syringe of different For injections and aspiration of blood or fluid from the body sizes and needles 17 Otoscope To look into the external ear cavity
6.3.9 Measures For Socio-Economic Development 6.3.9.1 Better Employment Opportunities In order to proposed establishment of 25 skilled and 75 unskilled workers are employed. While selecting manpower preference would be given to persons from local area ther by creating better employer opportunities.
6.3.9.2 Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) Plan
Planning for CER shall be started with the identification of activities/ projects and may be undertaken in periphery of industrial area. CER action plan shall be prepared based on casual approach to project based accountability approach, integrated with social and environment concerns related to business of integrated project complex. Selection of activities under CER shall be made to ensure that the benefits reach smallest unit i.e. village, panchayat, block or district. CER planning shall be done for long-term sustainable approach. Long term CER plan should be broken down into medium term and short term plans. Each of these plans shall clearly specify:
6.3.9.3 Proposed Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) plan by SGEPPL
Rs. 200.00 Lakh (2.5 % of Capital Investment – 80 Cr.) has been earmarked for CER activities. Activities to be undertaken under CER have been considered based on SE Survey conducted in study area.
Table 6.3 Proposed CER activities for SGEPPL No. Description of Cost Time period work (in Rs. Lakhs) 1 Rain Water Roof Top harvesting in 6 Villages at 30 Households / Rs. 25.00 Harvesting (RWH) Village – Bhimasae, Modvadar, Padana, Anjar, Varsana, Gopalnagar Total 100 RWH Sets, Each with 500 lit RCC Tanks Piping, Plumbing & Filter etc. Total 100 Sets X Rs. 25,000/- Set = Rs. 25 Lakh. 2 Education Education Infrastructure-1Village Rs. 30.00 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E-mail: [email protected] 169 Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd.
No. Description of Cost Time period work (in Rs. Lakhs) Infrastructure Construction of Class Rooms and allied school infrastructure (1000 Sq.Ft) at New High School Bhimasar; 3 Rural Sanitation - Rural Sanitation - 3 Villages Rs. 30.00 4 Toilet Units each of 6 Seats (3 Ladies + 3 Gents) with Water Tank of 500 Lit. & Septic Tank at Najik Babhulgaon (2 Unit), Ghotan (1 Unit) & Talani (1 Unit). 4 Units X Rs.7.5 Lakhs = Rs. 30 Lakhs. 4 Water Supply Water Supply Infrastructure. -5 Villages Rs. 30.00 Infrastructure. Safe Drinking Water Units with Filtration, RO Module & Storage Tank (1Unit/ Village; 1000 Lit/Hr) – Bhimasar, Mota Paswariya, Varshamedi, Mithi- Rohar, Padana. 5 Awareness camps Awareness camps on Environmental Protection for Rs. 3.00 on Nature Schools, Collages, Women Batacht gats by Industry in coordination with local NGO & Conservation of the existing ecology and biodiversity in three villages in the study area namely 1. Tapar, 2) Pasuda and 3) Nandi Chirai. 6 Water Roof top harvesting in 3 Villages- Rs.39.00 Conservation Bhimasar village (10 house hold), Modvadar (12 house Measure hold), Galpadar (136) Total 158 RWH set including 500 lit RCC tanks as well as plumbing. Rs.25,000 Each Set Total 158 X 25,000 = 39.50 Lakh 7 Distribution of Distribution of bio-fertilisers, saplings at subsidize rate Rs. 10.00 Bio-fertilizers in 6 villages. 8 Tree Plantation No of Trees / village = 1000 No. Rs. 30.00 and Maintains No. of villages selected for plantation – 5 villages Total No. of saplings – 3000 Saplings Cost of sapling - 1000 Rs/Tree Sapling 3000Nos. X Rs 1000 = 30 Lakh
Note: A resolution between Industry and respective Grampanchayat will be done for maintenance of trees. 9 Awareness Awareness programme on Organic farming Rs.3.00 program Grand Total Rs. 200.00
[Table 6.4 CER Implementation Schedule
No. CSR Activities Year Year Year Year Year Total Year of 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Completion 1 Rain Water 5 5 5 5 5 25 2024 Harvesting (RWH) 2 Education 5 7 8 5 5 30 2024 Infrastructure 3 Rural Sanitation 6 6 6 6 6 30 2024 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E-mail: [email protected] 170
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No. CSR Activities Year Year Year Year Year Total Year of 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Completion 4 Water Supply 6 6 6 6 6 30 2024 Infrastructure 5 Awareness camps 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 3 2021 on Nature 6 Water 7 8 8 8 8 39 2024 Conservation Measure 7 Distribution of 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 0 10 2023 Bio-fertilizers 8 Tree Plantation 10 8 7 5 0 30 2023 and Maintains 9 Awareness 1 1 1 0 0 3 2022 program Total 44 45 43.5 37.5 30 200 --
6.3.9.4 Measures for Improvement of Ecology
Following steps should be taken- Afforestation program under proposed project. Keeping noise levels under control at night time. Keeping sufficient height of stacks.
General guidelines -
1. Green belt of adequate width and density would be provided to mitigate effects o noise. 2. Plantation activities shall be done according to naturally occurring vegetation. Exotic species shall be avoided. 3. Provision of shrubs and thick trees at storage and disposal places of the solid waste would be made. 4. Trees would be planted along the roads, around solid waste storage area as well as along the periphery. 5. All the necessary steps would be taken for proper maintenance of the industrial premises. 6. Use of e-mail and other modern communication systems would be followed to conserve the papers and attain speedy interaction in daily business activities. 7. Use of recyclable papers, if possible, would be done. 8. Promoting measures of energy and water conservation, wherever possible, would be adopted. 9. Activities like slide shows or expert’s lectures on Local Biodiversity shall be arranged for the staff to make them aware about the plant and animal species found nearby; also it will reduce unnecessary human-wild conflict. This will eventually reduce the damage to biodiversity by the employees.
6.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM SCHEDULE
Following routine monitoring program as detailed in Table - 6.5 shall be implemented at site. Besides to this monitoring, the compliances to all EC conditions and regular permissions from CPCB /MoEFCC shall be monitored and reported periodically.
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Table 6.5 Plan for Monitoring of Environmental Attributes in and around SGEPPL
No. Description Location Parameters Frequency Conducted by 1 Air Emissions • Upwind - 1 Monthly • Downwind - 2 (Near main gate, Fermentation PM10, PM2.5, SO2, section, Distillation section) NOx, CO. Study area - (Bhimasar, Ajapar, Quarterly Morwadar, Padana) 2 Work Zone Air Quality 2 Location (Fermentation PM10, PM2.5, SO2, Monthly section, Distillation section) NOx, CO. 3 Fugitive Emissions Ethanol storage area & VOC Monthly Distillation column 4 Stack Emissions • Boiler – 1 No. SO2, SPM, NOx Monthly • D.G Set – 1 Nos. 5 Ambient Noise 5 Location ( Near Main Gate, Monthly MoEFCC and NABL Near fermentation Section, Spot Noise Level Approved External Lab Distillery Section, Boiler, D.G. recording; Leq(n), Set, Turbine) Leq(d), Leq (dn) Work Zone Noise 1 Location Monthly 6 Effluent Treated, Untreated pH, SS, TDS, COD, Monthly BOD, Cl, Sulphates, Oil & Grease. 7 Drinking Water Canteen Parameters as per Monthly drinking water Std IS10500 8 Soil 4 locations where the treated pH, Salinity, Organic Quarterly effluent form sugar factory is Carbon, Nitrogen, used for irrigation (Bhimasar, Phosphorous and Ajapar, Morwadar, Padana) Potash Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E-mail: [email protected] 172
Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd. No. Description Location Parameters Frequency Conducted by 9 Water Quality (Ground Locations in study area - Parameters as per Quarterly water & Surface Water) Ground Water and. Surface CPCB guideline for Water water quality monitoring – MINARS/27/2007-08 10 Waste Management Implement waste management Records of Solid Waste Twice in a year By SGEPPL plan that Identifies and Generation, Treatment characterizes every waste and Disposal shall be associated with proposed maintained activities and which identifies the procedures for collection, handling & disposal of each waste arising. 11 Emergency Fire protection & safety On site Emergency Plan, Twice a year By SGEPPL Preparedness measures to take care of fire & Evacuation Plan, fire such as fire explosion hazards, to be fighting mock drills fighting assessed & steps taken for their prevention. 12 Health Check up Employees and migrant Labor All relevant health Twice a Year By SGEPPL health check ups checkup parameters as per factories act. 13 Green Belt Within Industry premises as Survival rate of planted Survival rate of planted By SGEPPL well as nearby villages sapling sampling 14 CER As per activities -- Six Monthly By SGEPPL
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No Description Schedule of Monitoring Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug 1 AAQ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 2 Workzone Air √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 3 Stack Emissions √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 4 Noise √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 5 Effluent √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 6 Drinking water √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 7 Fugitive Emissions √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ 8 Waste management √ √ 9 Emergency preparedness, such as fire √ √ fighting 10 Health Check up √ 11 Green Belt √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Note: - Distillery Operation period – 330 Days.
Table 6.7 Environmental Monitoring Schedule Surrounding Industrial Premises
No Description Schedule of Monitoring Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sep Oct 1 AAQ √ √ √ 2 Noise √ √ √ 3 Soil √ 4 GW & SW √ √ √ 5 CSR √ √
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6.5 COMPLIANCE WITH CREP GUIDELINES
MoEFCC has launched the Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP) with the purpose to go beyond the compliance of regulatory norms for prevention & control of pollution through various measures including waste minimization, in-plant process control & adoption of clean technologies. Chapter has set targets concerning conservation of water, energy, recovery of chemicals, reduction in pollution, elimination of toxic pollutants, process & management of residues that are required to be disposed off in an environmentally sound manner. Chapter enlists action points for pollution control for various categories of highly polluting industries. Task Force was constituted for monitoring progress of implementation of CREP recommendations/ action points. Following activities are being undertaken by SGEPPL and will be continued after proposed under CREP norms.
1. Coal blended with concentrated spentwash is used as fuel in boilers, which generates significant amount of particulate matter, causing air pollution. ESP is installed as APC equipment to achieve particulate emission well below 150 mg/Nm3. 2. Provision of a 15 days storage capacity tanks for treated effluent during no demand for irrigation. 3. Spentwash will be concentrated in MEE and concentrated Spentwash shall be burnt in incineration boiler along with coal or Spentwash as a fuel achieving ZLD for distillery effluent.
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Chapter 7 Additional Studies
7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION
As per EIA notification 14th September 2006 and standard ToR’s issued by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), New Delhi Letter No. IA-J-11011/413/2018-IA II(I)dated 22.01.2019 to SGEPPL.
7.2 R & R ACTION PLAN
There is no R & R action plan because establishment of Distillery shall be taken up in barren land.
7.3 POTENTIAL AND MAJOR HAZARDS IN DISTILLERY PLANT
The risk assessment and hazard management study for setting up a new 60 KLPD multifeed distillery was prepared by Mr. Vinod Sahasrabude who is FAE for RH in respect of EEIPL. Areas of concern from hazard and risk points of view in the plant are as follows-
7.4 OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE RH REPORT:
7.4.1 Objective of the Risk and Hazard analysis
1) Identify hazards and nature of hazard in the process, storage and handling of hazardous chemicals. 2) Carry out Qualitative risk analysis for the process and suggest mitigation measures. 3) Carry out Quantitative risk analysis of the storage of hazardous chemicals and estimate the threat zones for Most Credible and Worst case scenarios 4) Suggest mitigation measures to reduce the risk/probability of the accident to the minimum. 5) Incorporate these measures for ensuring safe operations and safe layout to mitigate hazard and for effectively encounter any accident reduce the damages to the minimum. 6) Help in preparation of preparation of On-site and Off-site emergency plans. 7) Suggest Guidelines for on-site and off - site emergency plan.
7.4.2 Methodology
7.4.2.1 Identify hazards based on
• Processes description received based. • Identify Hazardous Chemicals handled and stored. • Inventory of Hazardous chemicals
7.4.2.2 Hazard Assessment
• By Qualitative Risk Assessment • By Quantitative Risk Assessment by Hazard index calculations and estimate threat zones by using ALOHA (This could not be carried out as project being initial stage of design, the necessary information is not available)
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7.4.2.3 Recommendations
• Recommend mitigation measures based upon the above • Recommending guidelines for the preparation of On-site Emergency plan. 7.5 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION:
Potential hazardous areas and the likely accidents with the concerned area have been enlisted below-
Table 7.1 Possible Hazardous Locations onsite
No. Hazardous Area Hazard identified Mitigation measures 1 Boiler Area Explosion IBR rules for design, maintenance and operation of boilers by certified boiler attendants in mandatory 2 All over the plant Lightening To design and install adequate number of best available lightening arrestors. 3 Electrocution Lose fitting Regular maintenance, internal safety audit, and external safety audit at regular intervals. 4 Electrical rooms Fire and electrocution Regular maintenance, internal safety audit, and external safety audit at regular intervals. 5 Transformer area Fire and electrocution Regular maintenance, internal safety audit, and external safety audit at regular intervals. 6 Cable tunnel Fire and electrocution Regular maintenance, internal safety audit, and external safety audit at regular intervals. 9 Alcohol production Fire and Alcohol HAZOP study is strongly recommended area vapour release for the production as well as Alcohol Storage area. And adequate safety instrumentation with alarms and interlocks to be incorporated to make the design and plant operation intrinsically safe. 10 Distillery (ethanol Fire Detailed measures have been suggested storage tank) in the report, in the later part. And QRA results and based on failure frequency risk has been calculated. Fire hydrant will be laid around with foam fighting arrangements.
7.5.1 Mitigation Measures to avoid accidents:
(A) Preventive Measures for Electricity Hazard:
• All electrical equipment is to be provided with proper earthing. Earthed electrode are periodically tested and maintained. • Emergency lighting is to be available at all critical locations including the operator’s room to carry out safe shut down of the plant. • Easy accessibility of fire fighting facilities such as fire water pumps and fire alarm stations is considered. Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E-mail: [email protected] 177
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• All electrical equipments to be free from carbon dust, oil deposits, and grease. • Use of approved insulated tools, rubber mats, shockproof gloves and boots, tester, fuse tongs, discharge rod, safety belt, hand lamp, wooden or insulated ladder and not wearing metal ring and chain. • Flame and shock detectors and central fire announcement system for fire safety are to be provided. • Temperature sensitive alarm and protective relays to make alert and disconnect equipment before overheating is to be considered • Danger from excess current due to overload or short circuit is to be prevented by providing fuses, circuit breakers, thermal protection
(B) Fuel Storage:
In the Coal storage yard for stacking of coal in heaps the following care must be taken
• Adequate dust suppression measures, like water sprinkling, shall be provided to prevent fugitive emission and also risk of fire. Similar measures are also adopted for loading/unloading operations. • Coal ash transported in tankers is to be covered and closed and so that there is no chance of spillage during transportation. • Workers to be trained to be vigilant and keep water hose with ready water supply to extinguish small fires during hot season. • Fire fighting measures, alarm measures and fire hydrant line to be provided around the coal storage area to immediately and effectively deal with fire. This is already in place. • Measures are taken to control the air pollution during loading/handling coal.
7.6 DISTILLATION PLANT
New Distillation Plant of 60 KLPD Alcohol production capacity shall be established on proposed land. Area of 22156 sq. Meters has been allocated for this plant. Details of the same are shown in the site layout appended at Appendix-A, in this EIA report. The following RH report is based on the information from the DPR received from SGEPPL for 60 KLPD multifeed distillery plant. Since the plant is in the basic stage and not all the details are available, the report will give the recommendations and suggest mitigation measures.
Choice of technology:
1. Though the initial investment is on higher side, as per Detailed Project Report of the company, the company will adopt modern continuous fermentation technology over batch fermentation technology because of advantages of ease of operation, higher efficiency and consistent results. 2. The company will adopt multi-pressure distillation system for the production of rectified spirit and Molecular sieve technology for the production of Anhydrous Alcohol
7.6.1 Hazard Identification: Molasses Storage
There are two areas of concern are: 1. Molasses storage: Heavy leakage of Molasses, total breakage of tank, leading to loss of life and pollution. 2. Alcohol Storage: Leakage leading to fire. Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E-mail: [email protected] 178
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Following Molasses storage is planned:
Table 7.2 Details of Molasses Storage
No. Description Specifications Quantity MOC Capacity 1 Molasses Bulk Storage Tank 3 Nos. M.S 7800 MT (Assuming 90 Day Storage) 2 Molasses Day Tank 1 Nos. M.S 300 MT
7.6.1.1 Mitigation Measures:
It is necessary to take following mitigation measures to prevent bursting of tanks, and heavy leakage and loss of life.
Storage of molasses
1. Molasses should be stored in good quality and leak proof mild steel tanks. 2. Adequate safety factor should be incorporated into the design of wall thickness considering deterioration that will occur due to corrosion over a period of time. 3. Regular internal and external inspection should be scheduled for checking wall thickness of the tanks. At present there is no dyke wall around Molasses storage tanks. 4. Dyke/ Bund walls should be constructed around the tank or tanks. 5. It must be ensured while finalizing the dyke dimensions and that thickness that clear volume inside the dyke walls is equal or more than 1.2 x volume of tank storage capacity. 6. Continuous mixing of molasses through external pump circulation should be done. 7. If there is increase in temperature beyond 300C external cooling of tanks shall be provided by heat exchanger in the circulation line. 8. Frequent Temperature monitoring, manually or by recorder is strongly advised. If there is leakage – a. Leakage should be washed out and diluted and should be recycled as far as possible or must be properly treated in Effluent treatment plant. b. Replacing of leaky gaskets, joints, should be done strictly by following work permit system. c. Leakage of pipelines, welding repairs should be attended / carried out outside the plant. The necessary hot work permit should be issued after taking necessary precautions and fire fighting measures for onsite hot work, by the concerned authority before any hot work in undertaken d. Leakage through pump gland shall be reduced to the minimum by installing mechanical seals. e. To attend all major leakage in tanks the following procedure should be followed (i) Transfer the material to other tank. (ii) Prepare the tank for welding repairs by making sure that it is positively isolated with blinds from other vessels and ensuring that it is free of the chemicals and gases by purging air and carrying out air analysis before any hot work is undertaken and this should be done by skilled workers. For this purpose safety permit should be given.
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7.6.2 Hazard Identification: Production of Alcohol
Major hazard identified in the production unit is release of alcohol vapours and fire. It is recommended to eliminate the risk and hazard at the design stage of the expansion itself by carrying out detailed systematic HAZOP study of the entire process and make the process and operation intrinsically safe. This tool is recommended for ensuring built in plant safety and understanding the plant operations in the best manner. Though the plant and distillery technology are established and well-known, it is suggested to include the clause of carrying out HAZOP study, with active participation of technical officials from the company for better understanding of the process and philosophy and basics behind design of equipments, instrumentation logic, safety systems and plant operation. This will prove vital in safe plant
7.6.2.1 Hazard Identification: Alcohol Storage
Following Alcohol storage is planned:
Table 7.3 Alcohol Storage Details
No. Description Specifications Quantity MOC Capacity 1 Extra Neutral Alcohol 3 Nos. M.S 65 M3 2 Rectified Spirit 3 Nos. M.S 65 M3 3 Ethanol 3 Nos. M.S 65 M3
Mitigation Measures recommended: 1. For the Alcohol storage, tank layout, tank-farm layout, pump locations etc will be as per the requirements of PESO latest rules and regulations. 2. Statutory approvals for the storage of Alcohol will be obtained, before the plant start up. 3. All tanks will be provided with flame arrestors, moisture traps, and over head condensers with chilled water for prevention of Alcohol loss and environment protection. NFPA rating for Alcohol is NH (Health Factor) NF (Fire Factor) NR (Reactivity) NF= 3, NH = 2 and NR=0, indicating fire as the major hazard in handling and storage of Alcohol
7.6.2.2 Qualitative Risk analysis:
For the storage of alcohol Fire and Explosion index has been calculated to be 72 based on the Material Factor MF= 16 and storage conditions (Degree of Hazard is rated based on of Fire and explosion index as follows )
Table 7.4 Risk analysis
DEGREE OF HAZARD AND F&EI INDEX F&EI INDEX RANGE DEGREE OF HAZARD 1-60 LIGHT 61-96 MODERATE 97-127 INTERMEDITE 128- 158 HEAVY MORE THAN 159 SEVERE
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F&EI index is in the range of moderate
QRA for Alcohol tanks is not done because basic information required is not available as the project is in early stage and basic engineering and design has not been done.
7.6.2.3 Mitigation Measures:
1. Based on standard recommendations for moderate hazard is it is recommended to have Alcohol storage tanks should be in open in dyke walls and must have spill collection and control (recycle) arrangement to pump into another tank. 2. As indicated the storage should be in open with dyke walls. 3. If applicable and if storage of Alcohol equals or exceeds 5000 KL following must be done. 4. Clear distance between tanks will be provided as per the requirement of Petroleum Rules Table 1 SCHEDULE II. 5. Location of pumps, location of tank farm in the factory should be as per the requirements of Petroleum rules. 6. Necessary approval /LICENCE from Chief Controller of Explosives will be obtained for the alcohol storage and factory lay out AS PER THE CHAPTER V 7. Proper firefighting system, inside the plant and around the storage tanks will be designed as per IS or international code. And Fire NOC will be obtained.
7.6.2.4 Quantitative Risk Analysis:
F&EI index can also be used for estimating the damage that would probably result from the accident/fire. And it is converted to radius of exposure by multiplying it by 0.84 to feet. Thus radius of exposure in this case will be 0.84X72= 60 feet or 18 meters
7.7 ON-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN:
The company will prepare On-site emergency plan as per the guidelines given below and as per the requirement of Factory act and will take into the consideration this RH report.
• Guidelines for the preparation of On-site Emergency Plan: This can be made as per the following guidelines suggested below: On-site and Offsite emergency plan) will be prepared as per the factory act and will be prepared as per Rule no. 12 of factory act (control of Industrial Major Accident Hazard Rules, 2003) as per the guidelines given in Schedule 6.
• Objectives of Onsite Emergency Plan will be:
a) To control emergency situation arising out of possible hazards identified in the factory fire, explosion, and toxic leakage. b) To identify all possible hazards, its consequence, areas affected. c) To estimate areas affected. d) Define actions to be taken in case of emergency. e) Identify persons responsible to take necessary actions to deal with situation. f) To localize emergency and if possible eliminate it. g) To avoid confusion, panic and handle the emergency in a planed manner. h) To minimize loss of life and property to the plant as well as to the neighborhood. i) To carry out rescue operations.
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j) To treat injured persons and transfer to the nearest hospital for treatment. k) To restore normalcy.
• It will specify names of key personnel as:
Chief Controller (Generally he is Factory Chief) Incidence Controller (Generally he is plant in charge where emergency has occurred or shift in charge after General Shift), Under Chief Controller, three teams are formed . RESCUE TEAM . SERVICE TEAM . WELFARE TEAM Liaison Office The nature of responsibilities of these Key personal & Teams are clearly defined. Reporting chain of command will be clearly defined.
• Following documents will be required and will form essential part of the Onsite and offsite Emergency Plan: 1. Factory layout showing location of all plants, location of hazardous storage, location of Emergency control center. 2. Factory layout showing designated assembly areas 3. Block diagram of manufacturing processes. 4. List of hazardous chemicals stored. 5. MSDS of all hazardous chemicals. 6. List of Anti dots. 7. List of Key Factory personnel with contact numbers and addresses. 8. List of employees trained in fire fighting with contact numbers. 9. List of employees trained in first-aid and rescue operations. 10. List of Telephone numbers and addresses of outside government and other agencies mainly . Nearest Police station . Nearest Fire Brigade Station . Ambulance services . Nearest Government and other Hospitals . Blood Bank . GSEB . GPCB 11. Emergency Action Plan in case of all possible hazards identified. 12. Procedure for reporting emergency will be clearly defined. 13. Actions to be taken by personnel where emergency has occurred and 14. Actions to be taken by personnel at other location will be clearly defined. 15. Precautions/Actions to be taken after emergency will be clearly defined.
• Safety Measures during regular and shut-down:
It must be remembered that shutdown plant are also and sometimes more prone to accidents. Hence it is suggested that all workers, regular and contract workers should be issued proper PPE, like helmet, safety shoes etc. as necessary. All work, hot work, working at height etc. during working and shutdown period should be carried out with proper work permit and under proper supervision.
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7.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH ASPECTS AND MEDICAL PROVISION IN THE FACTORY:
7.8.1 Effects of Alcohol on health:
It reacts vigorously with oxidizing materials. TLV for 8 hr. is 1000 ppm (ACGIH). Minimum identifiable concentration has been reported as 350 ppm. Exposure to concentrations of 5000 - 10000 ppm results in irritation of eyes and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.Effects of exposure to higher concentration of Alcohol in the atmosphere are given in the following table
Table 7.5 Effect of Ethyl Alcohol
Conc. (mg/l) Conc. (ppm) Effects on human 10-20 5300 – 10,640 Some transient coughing and smarting of eyes and nose, not tolerable 30 15,960 Continuous lacrimation and marked coughing; could be tolerated with discomfort. 40 21,280 Just tolerable for short period > 40 >21,280 Intolerable
To prevent injury to workers, standard PPEs will be provided. In addition, sufficient number of Self-contained breathing apparatus will be provided to be used in case of major alcohol leakage to avoid exposure to higher levels of Alcohol. All precautionary methods will be adopted by the company to reduce the risk of exposure of employees to occupational safety and health hazards.
7.8.2 Medical check-up:
Pre & post medical check-ups will be done of all the employees. Employees will be regularly examined and the medical records will be maintained for each employee. Pulmonary function test and periodical medical checkup shall be done once in every year.
The following tests will be conducted for each worker: • Chest X-ray • Audiometric Test • Spirometry • Vision test (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) • ECG
7.8.3 Occupational Health Center: OHC
The company will establish OHC center for the proposed plant. The facilities of the OHC and the periodic tests to be carried out will be done for distillery workers and officers in view of the above details and in consultation with the registered medical practitioner. It will be ensured that the OHC and other medical facilities at the site as per the factories act, and number of employees. Some guide lines are given below: Under rule 73 W All factories carrying out hazardous processes must have OHC with services and facilities A) For factories employing up to 50 workers: i) Medical officer on retainer ship basis, ii) Minimum 5 workers trained in first aid, at least one shall be available during all Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E-mail: [email protected] 183
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working hours. iii) Fully equipped first aid box (What it should contain is also specified later) B) For factories employee 51 to 200 workers iv) OHC with min. floor space of 15 sq. meters v) Part time medical officer vi) One qualified and trained dresser-cum- compounder throughout all working hours. vii) Equipped first aid box C) For factories employing more than 200 workers, i) Full time medical officer up to 500 workers, and one more full time medical officer for every additional 1000 workers or part thereof . ii) OHC with 2 rooms iii) One compounder and one ward boy 24 by 7 iv) OHC to be equipped all emergencies With what facilities OHC should be equipped with is given in details in schedule. Requirement of Ambulance van for any factory carrying on hazardous process shall be provided and maintained is defined under 73-X. For factories with less than 200 workers, management must have an arrangement for getting ambulance van at short notice it also details out what facilities ambulance van should have Other important requirements are: Company must have, MSDS for all hazardous chemicals at site, Pre-employment medical checkup and six monthly medical check-up for all employees, including contract workers and record must be available. Since the operation involve storage and handling of toxic chemicals, affecting liver, kidneys, lounges, medical test must include the specific teats to check functioning of these vital organs. Standard Medical facilities as required by Factory rule are expected to have been provided in the OHC for the proposed plant, some important are illustrated below: 1. Well equipped First Aid Boxes will be provided in each Section of the factory. 2. Snake bite Lancet. 3. In case of need, factory will be having dispensary to give effective medical facility to workers. In dispensary, sufficient stock of medicines will be available to provide to workers in case of any major emergent situation. 4. A vehicle will be always available to shift the sick/injured person to District Hospital. 5. Ambulance will be made available 24X7 in the factory to deal and take the injured workers to the district hospital.
7.9 EHS POLICY:
The Company will prepare EHS policy and will be displayed as per the norms.
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Chapter 8 Project Benefits 8.1 INTRODUCTION
Any industrial activity helps in improving the economic status of the society. Establishment of the project by SGEPPL has helped in improvement of infrastructure and social structure in the command area and has led to sustainable development. Also, the community inhabiting in the nearby areas will be benefited directly or indirectly by this proposed project. The following benefits due to the proposed establishment project are expected.
8.1.1 Improvement in the Physical Infrastructure
• The industry plans to construct tar roads in the area for facilitating easy access to the workers. They will also help in bringing about easy transportation of raw materials and products from the industry. Road connectivity in the area will improve significantly. • The industry would adopt rain water harvesting systems for improving the ground water table. As no groundwater would be utilized for the proposed project, RWH would be indeed useful to the surrounding farmers who depend on groundwater for agriculture. • Plantation of trees in the industrial area and its surrounding would undoubtedly help in improving the aesthetic beauty of the surrounding environment giving a pleasant look and improving the air quality. Also, green belt will help in arresting dust emissions as well as noise. • Villages in study are would be benefitted from CER activity to be undertaken by the industry especially, in respect of sanitation through provision of toilets and MSW management actions.
8.1.2 Improvement in the Social Infrastructure
• The People residing in the nearby area will be benefitted by the educational facility that will help in enhancing the literacy rate and safety in that area. • Due to establishment of project the frequency of local transportation will be increased in this area. • The industry would provide aid for drought affected animals by providing sheds and drinking water tanks. • The industry would also offer financial support to nearby people for medical treatment.
8.2 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL
Any industrial activity requires manpower of three categories, namely, i.e. skilled, semi skilled and unskilled. In the proposed unit of SGEPPL, direct and indirect employment would be provided, preferably to the local people. Refer Table. 2.1 from chapter 2 for more details.
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8.3 OTHER TANGIBLE BENEFITS
After execution of the project, the above mentioned benefits will accrue. Apart from this other tangible benefits are also expected, as mentioned below
• After establishment, the industry will meet the national interest of economical growth through sustainable development, as alcohol has been a great source of revenue through excise duty levied by the Government. • First Aid Training and fire safety training will be given to all the workers. • Insurance Policies for the workers and local people will be provided. • Improvement in the aesthetic through green belt development. • Groundwater recharging would be achieved by arresting rain water through rainwater harvesting.
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Chapter 9 Environmental Management Plan
9.1 INTRODUCTION
Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required for ensuring sustainable development. It should not affect the surrounding environment adversely. Management plan presented in this chapter needs to be implemented by the proposed distillery.
EMP aims at controlling pollution at source with available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures. Waste minimization and waste recycling measures are emphasized. In addition to the Industry specific control measures, the proposed industry should adopt following guidelines-
• Application of Low and Non Waste Technology in the production process; • Adoption of reuse and recycling technologies to reduce generation of wastes and to optimize the production cost of the industry. Recycling and reuse of industrial waste not only reduces waste generation but also can be an economic gain to the industry. For SGEPPL project, the management will take all the necessary steps to control and mitigate environmental pollution in the designing stage itself. Moreover, while implementing the project, the management will follow guidelines issued by CPCB.EMP is prepared based on the existing environmental status of the project location and anticipated impacts of the project activities on environment.
9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL (EMC)
As a part of the EMP, it is essential to formulate an Environmental Management Cell (EMC). The cell works under Chairman of the industry and responsible persons from certain departments have been taken as members. The EMC is responsible for all the activities and actions as well as outputs and management of entire infrastructure provided for control and abatement of pollution in the SGEPPL project. Further, the cell is also active in protecting state of environment in the study area around proposed campus of SGEPPL. Various programs and tasks towards conservation, awareness, promotion, review etc. are undertaken and implemented through the proposed environmental management cell of SGEPPL. This cell will also be responsible for taking care of actions and implementations subsequent to the establishment program of the distillery. Further, the EMC will be adequately expanded by incorporation of certain new members since the work load on proposed ones is going to be increased substantially subsequent to commissioning of establishment project. Following table gives details about EMC in the industry.
Table 9.1 Environmental Management Cell
No. Name of Member Designation No. of Working Person(s) 1 Mr. Dayabhai Rabari Managing directory 1 2 Mr. Prabhubhai B. Rabari Directory 1
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No. Name of Member Designation No. of Working Person(s) 3 Mr. Rajeshbhai B. Rabari Directory 1 4 Mr. Dayabhai L. Rabari Manager Operation 1 4 Mr. Sunil Solanke EHS officer 1 5 Mr. K. Ramkrishna Vice President Distillery 1 5 Dr. Sangram Ghugare Env. Consultant 1 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd. 6 Mr. Yuvraj Damugade Env. Consultant 1 Total 9
Figure 9.1 Environmental Management Cell and Responsibilities
Managing Director Effective implementation of EMP
Proposed Distillery Team Responsible for all activities in this unit related to Production, Safety, Health & Environment (SHE)
Health & Safety Manager Reporting to Vice President, Operational Risk
Committee and the Board on matters regarding SHE performance, SHE Management System performance & SHE risk position in the Industry
Environmental Officer Lab Chemist Safety Officer Collecting & analyzing the Developing & implementing Providing technical advice on implementation of SHE samples and developing occupational health & safety policy, management plan. remediation programs. program & procedure, increasing health & safety awareness at all levels within organizations.
Members of the Environmental cell are well qualified and experienced in the concerned fields. Some of the routine tests of wastewater such as pH, solids, temperature etc. will be carried out in the laboratory that would be established at the site. However, for additional tests of water, wastewater, soil, air etc., services of accredited laboratories as well as that of a consultant would be hired.
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9.3 WORKING OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Figure 9.2 Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Policy
Management Review Planning Preparing Environmental • Environmental Aspects Plan and Policy • Objectives & Targets •Environmental Management Plan
Checking / Corrective Action Implementation • Monitoring & Measurement • Implementation of EMP in all the • Non-conformance & Corrective & three plants i.e. Sugar factory, Co - Preventive Action gen and Distillery unit • Records • Document Control • EMS Audits • Operational Control
• Emergency Preparedness /Response
9.4 RECOMMENDATION & IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Mitigation measures suggested in Chapter 4 would be implemented. This will reduce the impact on environment due to the proposed molasses or grain based distillery project. To facilitate easy implementation, recommendations suggested are grouped in different phases. Most important measures are accommodated in earlier phase whereas the lesser important ones are grouped in later phase.
9.4.1 Summary of Recommendations
Table 9.2 Summary of Recommendations
No. Aspect Description Recommendation & Proposed Action 1 Water a. SGEPPL project has fresh water a. Out of total water consumption for Consumption permission of 500 M3/day. As granted molasses based distillery industrial GWIL. purpose i.e. 894 M3/day. Recycled water b. Water requirement for molasses from proposed CPU 635 M3/day. And based distillery would be 929 M3/day. 259 M3/day is fresh water taken for And grain based distillery would be GWIL. 830 M3/day. b. Out of total water consumption for grain based distillery water for industrial purpose i.e. 795 M3/day. Recycled water from proposed CPU i.e. 614 M3/day. And 181 M3/day. is fresh water.
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No. Aspect Description Recommendation & Proposed Action c. As far distillery is concerned, 4.9 KL/KL of fresh water is required for industrial purpose as against 10KL/KL of alcohol produced as per ToR issued. 2 Effluent a. The effluent generated from 60 a. Entire trade effluent from proposed Treatment KLPD molasses based distillery would establishment activity would be treated be in the form of raw spentwash to the in proposed CPU shall be provided on tune of 480 M3/day. (i.e. 8 KL/KL of site. And recycled back in process. alcohol). Conc. Spentwash- 96 b. Raw spentwash shall be concentrated M3/day, Spent lees- 244 M3/day, MEE in Multi Effect Evaporator (MEE) then Condensate – 384 M3/day, Boiler the concentrated spentwash shall be blow down- 12 M3/day, Cooling tower blended with coal or spentwash & blow- 15 M3/day, Washing- 12 incinerated in proposed boiler. Other M3/day. effluent along with spent leese, The effluent generated form 60 Condensate, boiler blow down, cooling KLPD grain based distillery would be tower blow, & washing shall be treated FOC- 72 M3/day, PRC- 60 M3/day, in Proposed CPU thereby achieving Thin Slope- 60 M3/day, RC less- ‘Zero Liquid Discharge’ (ZLD) for 147M3/day, Cooling blow downs- 15 process Effluent. M3/day, Floor washing & Lab- 12 Total Concentrated spentwash- would M3/day, Boiler blow down- 12 blend with coal and burnt in proposed M3/day. incineration boiler. c. Streams form gain based distillery – FOC, PRC, Thins slope, RC aggregating to 339 M3/day. shall be fully recycled back in process for liquefaction of flour. d. Other effluent from grain based distillery such as Cooling blow downs- 15 M3/day, Floor washing & Lab- M3/day, Boiler blow down- 12 M3/day shall be forwarded to CPU. e. Domestic effluent- 8 M3/day. Shall be treated in proposed STP. . 3 Air Pollution Under establishment of distillery, a a. Regular self- monitoring of the AAQ Control new incineration boiler of 25 TPH and work zone air quality to be done by would be installed. Coal and the industry through approved labs to Spentwash MEE Conc. Spent wash check and control dust levels/ blend with coal & spentwash would be concentrations at certain places so that used as fuel. same would be kept always below the b. Under proposed establishment of stipulated norms. distillery a new DG shall be installed b. Efficiencies of dust control equipment of capacity is 500 KVA. in the industry shall be monitored For more details table 2.22 of Chapter regularly (at least once a month) under 2nd may be referred. performance evaluation. c. Inlet and outlet of pollution control equipment shall be provided with all necessary sampling arrangement as per guidelines of CPCB. d. The regularly monitoring quality of
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No. Aspect Description Recommendation & Proposed Action stack emissions, AAQM and work zone air quality through self-monitoring practices, interlocks and OCMS should be fitted and properly operated. For details w.r.t. monitored Chapter 6th may be referred. 4 Solid waste a. Boiler ash to the tune of 30 MT/D. a. Boiler ash shall be sell to brick Management will be generated. manufacturers. b. Total yeast sludge to the tune of 10 b. Yeast sludge & CPU sludge shall be MT/D. shall be generated. burnt in incineration boiler. c. CPU sludge generated of 0.3 MT/M c. Discarded containers shall be d. Discarded containers of 200 Nos. reprocessed through authorized dealer. Shall be generated. 5 Ecological & a. Proposed establishment will not a. Industry has been advised to undertake Socio have negative impact on ecology and implementation of green belt plan. economic socio-economic status. Details of Plantation of trees along the periphery Aspects. ecology & biodiversity (flora, fauna, and along the roads of proposed unit. fishes, etc.) observed in proposed unit b. Awareness camps in study area. are described in Chapter-3 c. Industry would always take lead in contributing towards community development. 6 Noise Control a. Noise generating sources generally a. provision and use of earmuffs in High Measures are the boiler house, turbine rooms Noise area. etc. b. Providing separate sitting and control b. Expected noise levels in these room for workers. sections would be in the range of 65 to c. Changing of shifts and exposure time 70 db (A). to high noise area would be reduced. 7 CER a. The implementations under CER a. Industry, by involving workers and shall be done in a time bound manner locals, shall demonstrate, encourage, and with periodic update to GPCB. promote suitable eco-friendly b. Planning for CER shall be started alternatives and green technologies in with the identification of activities/ the villages in the vicinity such as water projects and may be undertaken in harvesting, solar lighting, co-toilets, periphery of industrial area. organic farming etc.
9.5 ENVIRONMENTAL POST MONITORING PROGRAMMES
After commissioning of the proposed project, monitoring of Environmental Attributes such as AAQM, Stack Emissions, Noise, and Effluent would be done on regular basis.
Table 9.3 Implementation Schedule
No. Aspect Time period Implementation Schedule Immediate Progressive As per Time Schedule of Unit 1 Air Pollution Control Before * - - (Stack of Proposed commissioning of Boiler) Project.
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No. Aspect Time period Implementation Schedule Immediate Progressive As per Time Schedule of Unit 2 Water Pollution Control Before * - - (Spentwash and commissioning of Concentration the Project. infrastructure, CPU) 3 Noise Control (Green Before * - - belt development as commissioning of well as isolation and the Project. Insulation) 4 Ecological aspects Stage wise * * - (Green belt development) 5 Solid waste Stage Wise - * - Management (Yeast sludge, DDGS/ DWGS) 6 Socio-economic aspects Stage wise - - * (CSR) Note:-‘ * ’ indicates implementation of recommendations
9.6 POST ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
Post environmental clearance monitoring for industrial premises & for study area around the SGEPPL is given at chapter 6, Refer table 6.5. Following compliance against the consent conditions after commissioning of project would be observed under the Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act ,1974, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling & Trasnboundry Movement) Rules 2010.
Table 9.4 Statutory Compliance to be observed
No. Description Frequency Remark 1 Renewal of Consent Once in a year Application for renewal shall be done 60 days before the expiry date. 2 Environmental Statement Once in a year Would be submitted for every financial year before 30th September of next year. 3 Hazardous Waste Returns Once in a year Would be submitted for every financial year before 30th June of next year. 4 Six Monthly Compliance Monthly Twelve Returns would be submitted every year.
9.7 Monitoring Equipment
Air Quality and Meteorological Instruments
1. Fine Dust Sampler 2. Weather station with Wind Vane, Anemometer, Thermometer, Dry/ Wet Bulb Thermometer, Rain-gauge. 3. Spectrophotometer. 4. Single pan balance up to 0.0001 gms detection levels.
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5. Relevant chemicals as required 6. Oven
Water and Wastewater Quality
1. BOD Incubator 2. COD reflux assembly 3. Refrigerator 4. Thermometer 5. pH meter 6. Stop watch 7. Distilled water plant 8. Pipette box 9. Titration set 10. Relevant chemicals and glass wares
Noise Levels
Sound level meter in different scales like A, B and C with slow and fast response options
Soil Characteristics
Soil sampler (auger) to collect soil samples.
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Chapter 10 Summary and Conclusion
10.1 INTRODUCTION
This EIA report has been prepared for establishment of distillery. Accordingly 60 KLPD (Multifeed distillery) Molasses or grain based. in the proposed land of Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd., Located at Survey No.- 479/2, Village- Bhimasar, Tal.: Anjar, Dist.: Kutch, Gujarat
The above mentioned proposed project attracts the condition of prior Environmental Clearance procurement as per the EIA Notification No. S. O. 1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006 and amendments thereto. Accordingly, it has been listed under Category – A; Item No.: 5 (g).
Table 10.1 Project Investment Details
No. Industrial Unit Capital Investment (in Rs Crores) 1 Distillery 80 Total 80.00
10.2 PROJECT AT A GLANCE
Table 10.2 Salient Features of the SGEPPL Project Site
No. Particulars Details 1 Name and Address of the Industry M/s. Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd., Located at Survey No. 479/2, Village- Bhimasar, Tal.: Anjar, Dist. Kutch, Gujarat 2 Land acquired by the Industry 50282 Sq. M. (5.02 Ha) 3 Elevation 27.7 M -MSL 4 Nearest habitation Village Bhimasar (2.74 Km) 5 Nearest city Anjar Taluka (14.2 Km) 6 Nearest highway NH- 41 (0.14 Km ) 7 Nearest railway station Bhimasar Railway station (3.11 Km) 8 Nearest airport Kandla Airport (8.07 Km) 9 Nearest tourist place(s) Nil within 10 Km radius 10 Defense installations Nil within 10 Km radius 11 Archaeological important Nil within 10 Km radius 12 Ecological sensitive zones Nil within 10 Km radius 13 Reserved /Protected forest / National NA Parks/ Wildlife Sanctuary etc. 14 Nearest streams / Rivers / water bodies Churwa River (2.78 Km) (from Project Site) 15 Nearest Industrial Area Ratnmani Metals Pvt. Ltd., (0.34 Km) 16 Interstate Boundary NA 17 Site Co-ordinates (all corners) Latitude: 23010’18.61’’N,Longitude:70009’00.77’’E Latitude: 23010’13.53’’N,Longitude: 70008’54.26’’E Latitude: 23010’09.71’’N, Longitude: 70008’57.45’’E Latitude: 23010’11.66’’N, Longitude: 70009’04.63’’E
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10.3 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
10.3.1 Product and Raw Material
Details of raw materials and products that are being manufactured under proposed distillery are presented in following table-
Table 10.3 List of Products & By-products
Industrial Unit Product Quantity (60 KLPD) Distillery Ethanol 60 KLPD Extra Neutral Alcohol 60 KLPD Rectified Sprit 60 KLPD By- Product Fusel Oil 60 Lit/D CO2 46 MT/D DWGS 112 MT/D DDGS 46 MT/D Captive Power Plant (CCP) Power 2 MW
Table 10.4 List of Raw Materials for Molasses and Grain based Distillery
No Raw Materials Proposed Source of Material (60 KLPD) 1 Molasses 6,650 MT/M Molasses through open tender. Nearby sugar Factories, Refineries. 2 Grains 4644 MT/M Nearby Talukas & Gujarat State 3 Yeast Culture Test Tube Culture 4 Sulphuric acid 0.45 MT/M 5 Antifoam agent 0.45MT/M 6 Ammonium 1.8 MT/M Local Vendor Phosphate 7 Urea 1.8MT/M 8 Caustic Soda 0.45 MT/M
10.4 SOURCES OF POLLUTION AND MITIGATION MEASURES
10.4.1 Water Pollution
• The total water requirement for 60 KLPD molasses based distillery project would be 929 M3/day. Water required for industrial operation will be 894 M3/day and 10 M3/day will be used for domestic purpose and 25 M3/day fresh water would be used for greenbelt. Out of the total industrial water requirement 635 M3/day would be treated water from distillery CPU whereas 294 M3/day would be fresh water taken from GWIL. (Gujarat Water infrastructure Ltd.) • The total water requirement for 60 KLPD grain based distillery project would be 830 M3/day. Water required for industrial operation will be 795 M3/day and 10 M3/day will be used for domestic purpose and 25 M3/day fresh water would be used for greenbelt. Out of Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd., Kolhapur (M.S) E-mail: [email protected] 195
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the total industrial water requirement 614 M3/day would be recycled water from CPU whereas 216 M3/day would be fresh water taken from GWIL. (Gujarat Water infrastructure Ltd.) • From Proposed60 KLPD distillery raw spentwash to the tune of 480 m3/day (8 KL/KL of alcohol) is generated. Same is concentrated in MEE and concentrated spentwash to the tune of 96 m3/day (1.6 KL/KL of alcohol) is blend with coal and burnt in25 TPH incineration boiler. Other effluent viz. spent lees @ 244 m3/day, MEE condensate 384 m3/day and other effluents 37 m3/day will be treat in Condensate Polishing Unit (CPU).Treated water from CPU to the tune of 574 m3/day is recycled back in process and 61m3/day of gardening and washing. This is achieves Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD). • Effluent generated from 60 KLPD grain based distillery plant shall comprise of number of streams namely - FOC leese – 72 M3/day, PRC leese – 60 M3/day, Thin Slope- 60 M3/day. RC less- 147 M3/day. All these streams aggregating to 399 M3/day. Will be fully recycled back in process. Cooling blow downs- 15 M3/day, Floor washing & Lab- 10 M3/day, Boiler Blow down 12 M3/day shall be forwarded to the Packaged type ETP. Details of effluents generated from proposed activities in distillery. • Treated effluent would be recycled back in process for various operations. • Total domestic effluent to the tune of 8 M3/day shall be treated in a proposed STP.
10.4.2 Air Pollution
• The proposed establishment project new incineration boiler of 25 TPH shall be installed. Fuel for same shall be coal blended with concentrated spentwash. ESP along with stack of 66 M height will be provided to the same. • One D.G. Sets of 500 KVA capacity shall be installed with adequate stack height and acoustic enclosure. Refer details of boiler and DG set at Table 2.22 in chapter 2.
10.4.3 Noise Pollution
• In distillery, very high noise generating sources do not exist. Boiler house, distillation & fermentation section would be the minor sources of noise. • The noise levels, as measured at various points in the boiler house, are not more than 85 dB (A). Adequate care shall be taken under proposed process also so that noise from all concerned sections shall be properly attenuated and controlled through insulation, isolation, separation techniques. • Green belt to be augmented further shall play an important role to attenuate noise levels from industry to surroundings.
10.4.4 Solid Waste
Table 10.5 Solid Waste Details
No. Distillery Quantity Disposal (MT/M) 1 Boiler Ash 900 Sell to Brick manufacturers 2 Yeast Sludge 300 Burnt in incineration boiler 3 CPU Sludge 0.3 4 Discarded Containers 16.6 Reprocessed through authorized dealer
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10.4.5 Hazardous Waste
Table 10.6 Hazardous Waste Details
No. Hazardous Waste Category Quantity (Lit./ M) Disposal 1 Spent Oil- Cat. 5.1 10 Burnt in incineration Boiler
10.4.6 Odour Pollution
Spentwash generated from molasses based distillery shall be carried through closed pipeline and concentrated in MEE. Hence, odour nuisance due to spentwash storage activity will be entirely eliminated. Proposed 60 KLPD grain based distillery fermentation section, DDGS and DWGS outlet will be sources of odour pollution. Proper operations at shall curb odour generation. DWGS generated after distillation of fermentation wash will be collected & dispose off immediately. The mitigation for controlling the same proper housekeeping, steaming of major pipe lines, regular use of Bleaching powder in the drains.
10.5 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
Total plot area of SGEPPL is 50,282 Sq. M. As per MoEFCC norms, green belt should be developed on 33% of the total plot area of industry. Under proposed green belt Area of 16,594 Sq. M which would be 33% of total plot area. For more w.r.t Green belt development plan Chapter 2, section 2.8 may be referred.
10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
Monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on a regular basis to ascertain the following:
• State of pollution within the plant and in its vicinity; • Examine the efficiency of pollution control systems installed in the plant; • Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution; • To assess environmental impacts The project management will carry out the monitoring regularly and record shall be maintained of the same. For details w.r.t post monitoring program to be conducted; refer Chapter – 9 (Table 9.35).
10.7 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
Environment Management Plan aims at controlling pollution at source with available and affordable technology followed by treatment measures. Under Proposed establishment 60 KLPD distillery, SGEPPL has effectively implemented the EMP. As a part of EMP, it is essential to formulate an Environmental Management Cell (EMC). EMC will be adequately expanded by incorporation of certain new members subsequent to commissioning of proposed establishment project. For more details, the separate chapter on EMP may be referred.
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10.8 CONCLUSION
The proposed establishment of distillery by SGEPPL will help to elevate the economic growth at the local level as well as national level. It will also generate employment in the study region, thereby improving the standard of living of people in the area. The proposed establishment activity shall not disturb the land use pattern in the study area of 10 Km. Moreover, Rain water harvesting shall be implemented on site so as to recharge and increase the ground water table in the area. Also maximum use of condensate is done do reduce the fresh water demand. No. Rehabilitation is involved under this project. Solid waste generated from distillery in the form of DWGS / DDGS. Same will be sold to farmers as cattle feed. This increases quality and quantity of cattle milk. Thus, SGEPPL establishment project is beneficial for society without hampering the environment and thereby accomplishing the aim of sustainable development.
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Chapter 11 Disclosure of Consultants
11.1THE ORGANIZATION
Equinox Environments (India) Pvt. Ltd. (EEIPL) is a major company under the 'Equinox Group'. It is one of the leading environmental consultants in the country and renders all the environmental services, under one roof, needed by various industries. EEIPL is an ISO 9001:2015 certified organization (DNV-GL) that has been duly accredited through QCI – NABET for the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC); New Delhi as recognized and approved ‘Environmental Consultant’ at the National Level. EEIPL operates through its offices located in Kolhapur, Pune, New Mumbai, New Delhi, Hyderabad and Baltimore (US). Through the organization, various services are offered that are related to environmental engineering, pollution control & its abatement, industrial safety, health & hygiene. EEIPL's set up comprises of engineers, eminent scientists, chemists, technicians & associates. Moreover, organization is having back up of a most modern laboratory infrastructure. NABL accredited lab, also approved by Govt. of India through the MoEF; New Delhi has received OHSAS 18001:2007 certifications from DNV GL.
The 'Equinox Group' is in the environmental business for last nineteen years and have rendered services as well as expert consultation to a number of industries such as sugar factories, power plants, distilleries, foundries, sponge iron & steel plants, textile industries, bulk drug manufacturing units and chemical industries, food processing & beverage manufacturing units, asbestos products & roofing, timber and particle board Industries etc.Further our website –www.equinoxenvi.com – may be visited for additional details regarding our activities, achievements and list of our esteemed clients as well as our Key Personnel.
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1 12/26/2018 Application Dear Sir/Mam, Submitted EQUINOX ENVIRONMENTS INDIA PVT LTD Organization have submitted the online application for accreditation of Organization. You can view the application by logging into the website http://eia.nabet.qci.org.in/ using userid and password. In case of any observations / objections, kindly send the same at [email protected].
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201 203 11/04/2019 Equinoxenvi Mail - Stage III scheduled - Equinox
Vaibhav Equinox
Stage III scheduled - Equinox
Ms. Preeti Pawaria Khatri
Dear Sir/ Madam,
This has reference to the RA application submitted by Equinox. May please note that the office assessment for your organization has been scheduled for April 22-25, 2019 subject to payment of fee for stage III on the portal.
Also, you are requested to please add on the details related to new candidates being proposed within next 24 hrs. since the application has been unfreezed for that duration (please refer your mail dt. April 01, 2019). You are also requested to send us a mail informing the names of the candidates being added along with their proposed sectors/ FAEs.
With best regards,
Pree Pawaria Khatri Accredita on Officer | NABET Na onal Accredita on Board for Educa on and Training Quality Council of India | www.qcin.org ITPI Building, 6th Floor, 4-A, I P Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi - 110002, India Work: +91-11-2332-3416 – 23, Ext:150 | Fax: +91-11-2332-3415 Facebook | Linked In | Twi er
204 Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations
List ‘1’ – Accredited EIA Consultant Organizations (ACOs) - as on April 10, 2019#
Scope of Accreditation As per NABET Scheme Project or Activity as per Schedule of S. No. Consultant Organization MoEFCC Notification Sector Name of Sector Category dated September 14, Number 2006 and subsequent Amendments Aadhi Boomi Mining and Enviro Tech Mining of minerals – opencast 1 A 1 (a) (i) Private Limited (formerly known as Suriya Mining only Services) 3 River Valley Projects A 1 (c ) 7 Mineral beneficiation A 2 (b) Address:3/216, K.S.V.Nagar, Narasothipatti, Salem- 636004 9 Cement Plants A 3 (b) 1 34 Highways B 7 (f) Email:[email protected]
Tel.:09842729655, 09443290855 38 Building and construction B 8(a) projects Conditions apply
Aakhivi Consultants Mining of minerals - opencast 1 A** 1 (a) (i) only 2 Address:57 C, Block E5, Shatabdi Vihar, Sector 52, Noida, UP - 201 308 Thermal power plants 4 A** 1 (d)
List of Accredited Consultant Organizations (Alphabetically) Rev. 75, April 10, 2019 Page 1
205 Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations
Scope of Accreditation As per NABET Scheme Project or Activity as per Schedule of S. No. Consultant Organization MoEFCC Notification Sector Name of Sector Category dated September 14, Number 2006 and subsequent Amendments and dredging 34 Highways A 7 (f) Common Municipal Solid Waste 37 Management Facility B 7 (i) (CMSWMF) Building and construction 38 B 8 (a) projects Townships and Area 39 A 8 (b) development projects
Mining of minerals including 1 A 1 (a) (i) opencast / underground mining Equinox Environments (India) Private Limited 4 Thermal power plants B 1 (d) Metallurgical industries(ferrous Address: F-11, Namdev Nest, 1160- B, “E” Ward, Skyes 8 only) - both primary & B 3 (a) Extension, Opp. Kamala College, Kolhapur- 416001 secondary Asbestos milling and asbestos 12 A 4 (c ) e.mail:[email protected], based products 65 [email protected], [email protected], 13 Chlor-alkali industry A 4 (d) Pesticides industry and Tel.: 0231-2531231/ 2526337 17 pesticide specific intermediates A 5 (b) 09822045083, 09881121522 (excluding formulations) Petro-chemical complexes Conditions apply (industries based on processing 18 A 5 (c ) of petroleum fractions & natural gas and/or reforming to
List of Accredited Consultant Organizations (Alphabetically) Rev. 75, April 10, 2019 Page 66
206 Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations
Scope of Accreditation As per NABET Scheme Project or Activity as per Schedule of S. No. Consultant Organization MoEFCC Notification Sector Name of Sector Category dated September 14, Number 2006 and subsequent Amendments aromatics) Petrochemical based processing (processes other than cracking 20 A 5 (e) &reformation and not covered under the complexes) Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug 21 A 5 (f) formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) 22 Distilleries A 5 (g) 25 Sugar Industry B 5 (j) Common hazardous waste 32 treatment, storage and disposal A 7 (d) facilities (TSDFs) Common municipal solid waste 37 B 7 (i) management facility (CMSWMF) Building and construction 38 B 8 (a) projects Townships and Area 39 B 8 (b) development projects Electroplating and Metal 40 (ii) - - Coating
List of Accredited Consultant Organizations (Alphabetically) Rev. 75, April 10, 2019 Page 67
207 208 NATIONAL ACCREDITATION BOARD FOR EDUCATION & TRAINING QUALITY COUNCIL OF INDIA QCI Office, 6th Floor, ITPI Building, Ring Road, I.P. Estate, New Delhi Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultant Organizations Accreditation Committee Meeting for Surveillance Assessment held on February 09, 2018
The following members were present during the meeting:
1. Dr. S.R. Wate - Chairman 2. Dr. G.K. Pandey - Member 3. Dr. S. P.Chakrabarti - Member 4. Prof. Umesh Kulshrestha - Member
Prof. B.B. Dhar, Dr. Nalini Bhat , Prof. C.P. Kaushik and Prof. G.J. Chakrapani expressed their inability to attend the meeting.
Mr. A.K. Jha – Senior Director, Dr.S.K Mishra – Joint Director, Dr. Pawan Kumar Singh – Assisstant Director and Ms.Meenakshi Arora – Accreditation Officer were present in the meeting.
1.0 Case for Surveillance Assessment
The following case was discussed and decisions taken as noted below.
1.1 Equinox Environments (I) Pvt. Ltd, Kolhapur
The ACO has been assessed as per Version 3 of the Scheme. Result of the 2nd Surveillance assessment (SA) is given below :
1.1.1 Category of Approval :
ACO has scored more than 60% marks. Hence, the organization accreditation is continued with Cat.A.
1.1.2 Scope of Accreditation
Sector No.(MoEFCC NABET Sl. Cat. Notification dated Sep. Scheme Sector Description No. 14, 2006 and Sectors Amendments) Mining of minerals including opencast / 1 1 A 1 (a) (i) underground mining 2 4 Thermal power plants B 1 (d)
209 3 8 Metallurgical industries both primary & secondary B 3 (a) 4 12 Asbestos milling and asbestos based products A 4 (c ) 5 13 Chlor-alkali industry A 4 (d) Pesticides industry and pesticide specific 6 17 A 5 (b) intermediates (excluding formulations) Petro-chemical complexes (industries based on 7 18 processing of petroleum fractions & natural gas A 5 (c) and/or reforming to aromatics) Petrochemical based processing (processes other 8 20 than cracking &reformation and not covered under A 5 (e) the complexes) Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates 9 21 excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; A 5 (f) basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) 10 22 Distilleries A 5 (g) 11 25 Sugar Industry B 5 (j) Common hazardous waste treatment, storage and 12 32 A 7 (d) disposal facilities (TSDFs) Common municipal solid waste management 13 37 B 7 (i) facility (CMSWMF) 14 38 Building and construction projects B 8 (a) 15 39 Townships and Area development projects B 8 (b) 16 40(ii) Electro Plating and metal Processing A - 17 40(v) Food Processing A -
1.1.3 Sectors approved for EIA Coordinators (ECs)
a.Assessed as per SA norms – for ECs approved earlier:
Earlier approval status Approval status Sl. (in RA/subsequently) (after SA) Name Remarks No. Sectors Sectors Cat. Cat. approved approved In-house 4 B CA B 21 B CA A 1 Sangram Ghugare Upgraded to Cat. A in Sector 21. 22 A CA A 25 B CA B 2 Sulakshana Ayarekar 21 B CA A Upgraded to Cat. A in Sector 21. Empanelled 32 B CA A 3 Vinay kumar Kurakula Upgraded to Cat. A in Sector 32 37 B CA B
b. Assessed as per IA norms – for new Sectors of approved ECs and fresh ECs proposed:
Sl. Functional Area Name Cat. Remarks No. Applied Recommended Approved
210 Sl. Functional Area Name Cat. Remarks No. Applied Recommended Approved In-house 1 Dipali Survase 1 No No - Absent 12 Yes Yes A Sulakshana Ayarekar 2 22 Yes Yes A None 25 Yes Yes B 3 Sangram Ghugare 8 Yes Yes B None Empanelled 13 Yes Yes A 20 Yes Yes A Ramdas Wani 5 21 Yes Yes A None 38 Yes Yes B 39 Yes Yes B 6 Vivek Navare 1 Yes Yes A None 17 Yes Yes A 18 Yes Yes A *40(ii & v only) 7 Bhaskar Thorat 21 Yes Yes A 22 Yes Yes A 40* Yes Yes A
1.1.4 Functional Areas (FA) approved for Functional Area Experts (FAEs) a. Assessed as per SA norms – for FAEs approved earlier:
Earlier approval status Approval status (in RA/subsequently) (after SA) Sl. No. Name Remarks FAs FAs Cat. Cat. approved approved In-house AP A CA A 1 Sangram P. Ghugare WP A CA A None SHW A CA A 2 Sulakshna Ayarekar EB B CA A Upgraded to Cat. A. AQ B CA A Yuvraj Damugade Upgraded to Cat. A in 3 AP B CA A AQ and AP. HW B CA B 4 Jay Samant EB A CA A None 5 Anuradha J. Samant SE A CA A None 6 Jaydeep Patil WP B CA B None AP B CA B 7 Rohan Lad None EB B CA B Empanelled 8 Jayant M. Gadgil AQ A CA A None Geo A CA A 9 Jotiram Pishte None HG A CA A 10 Vinod Sahasrabuddhe RH A CA A None RH A CA A 11 Ramdas Wani None SHW A CA A 12 B. N. Patil SE B ANC - Absent. 13 Vinay Kumar Kuruakula LU A CA A None
211 Earlier approval status Approval status (in RA/subsequently) (after SA) Sl. No. Name Remarks FAs FAs Cat. Cat. approved approved NV A CA A SHW B CA B b. Assessed as per IA norms – approved experts for new functional areas and fresh FAEs proposed:
Sl. Functional Area Name Cat. Remarks No. Applied Recommended Approved Inhouse Sandip Manglekar AP Yes Yes B 1 None NV Yes Yes B SHW - - - Candidature withdrawn 2 SwapnaN. Ghatge RH - - - 3 Tejas Patil AQ Yes Yes B None SHW - - - Candidature withdrawn 4 Pragatee Murkute RH - - - NV - - - 5 Rohan Lad RH Yes Yes B None 6 Sai Mohite WP Yes Yes B None 7 Neeraj Powar SE Yes Yes B None Vaibhav Survase HG Yes Yes B 8 None Geo Yes Yes B Empanelled Jayant Gadgil AP Yes Yes A 9 None WP Yes Yes A 10 B.S. Lole SC Yes Yes A None Sunil Shaha WP Yes Yes A 11 None SW Yes Yes A RH Yes Yes A 12 Ramdas Wani SHW Yes Yes A None AQ Yes Yes B RH Yes Yes A Bhaskar Thorat 13 WP Yes Yes A *HW only. SHW* Yes Yes A
1.1.5 Functional Area Associates (FAAs) a.FAAs Approved
Approval status Remarks SI. No. Name (after SA) Name of FAE/Mentor FA Status In-house AP Continue Sangram Ghugare None 1 Tejas Patil HW Continue Sangram Ghugare
212 b.FAAs Proposed
Approval status Remarks SI. No. Name (after SA) FAE/Mentor Applied Approved In-house 1 Gandhar Ghanekar HW Yes Vinay Kumar None Snehal Powar SC Yes B.S. Lole None 2 NV Yes Vinay Kumar Pooja Sarnaik WP Yes Sai Mohite None 3 SHW Yes Sangram Ghugare
Note: The following will be communicated to the ACO by NABET 1. Detailed observations and reasons for alerts 2. Results of balance candidates and details of the assessment
The meeting concluded with a vote of thanks to the Chair.
Issued by A K Jha Senior Director QCI-NABET
213 214 215 jftLVªh laö Mhö ,yö&33004@99 REGD. NO. D. L.-33004/99
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पया वरण, वन और जलवायु प रवत न मं ालय अिधसूचना नई द ली, 10 फरवरी, 2017 का.आ. 388(अ).—के ीय सरकार, पया वरण (संर ण) िनयम, 1986 के िनयम 10 के साथ प ठत, पया वरण (संर ण) अिधिनयम, 1986 (1986 का 29) क धारा 12 क उपधारा (1) के खंड (ख) और धारा 13 ारा द शि य का योग करते ए और त कािलन भारत सरकार के पया वरण और वन मं ालय क अिधसूचना सं. का.आ. 1174 (अ), तारीख 18 जुलाई, 2007 म िन िलिखत और संशोधन करती है, अथा त् :- उ अिधसूचना से सलंन तािलका म – (क) म सं यांक 12, 16, 18, 21, 22, 47, 75, 76, 77, 88, 89, 90,91 और 92 तथा उससे संबंिधत िव य के थान पर िन िलिखत म सं यांक और िवि यां रखी जाएगी, अथा त् :-
(1) (2) (3) (4) 12 मैसस होरीजोन स वसेज (1) सु ी सीमा रघुनाथ जामदार (एनवायरम ट ए ड से टी) (2) ीमती सागर धम राज सुरवासे 09.02.2017 ी के ¾, एस.एन 10, (3) सु ी अम ता िगरीश जोशी से इरांडवान हाऊ सग सोसाईटी, दीनानाथ मंग शकर 08.02.2022 हॉ पीटल के िवपरीत, पुणे 411004, महारा 16 मैसस िमटकान कंस टेनसी ए ड इंजीिनयस स वस (1) डा. संदीप सुखदेव जादव 09.02.2017 िलिमटेड़ (एनवायरम ट मैनेजम ट ए ड (2) ी रा ल ल मण पा टल से (3) ीमती कादबारी दलीप काटकर इंजीिनय रग िडवीजन), पहला तल, उ ोग 08.02.2022 भीधीनी, कृिष महािव ालय प रसर, डी आई सी ऑ फस के पास, िशवाजी नगर, पुणे-411005, महारा 18 मैसस कोणाक रसच फाऊंडेशन, लाट सं. 338/1, (1) ी िगरीश बाबूभाई पटेल 09.02.2017 (2) ीमती िनम ल मुकेश भंडारी से 744 GI/2017 (1)
216 ¹Hkkx IIµ[k.M 3(ii)º Hkkjr dk jkti=k % vlk/kj.k 3
(ख) म सं यांक 143 तथा उससे संबंिधत िव य के थान पर िन िलिखत म सं यांक और िवि यां अत: थािपत क जाएगी, अथा त् :— (1) (2) (3) (4) 144 मैसस ीन एनवायरोसेफ इंजीिनयस ए ड कंस ट ट (1) डा. सतीश दामोदर कुलकण 09.02.2017 से (2) डा. अयो या ीसागर ाईवेट िलिमटेड, गेट सं; 1405/06 , मयूरी 08.02.2022 (3) ी िवनोद ताप राव हांडे रेजीड सी, ऑ फस सं. 16, दूसरा तल, संसवाडी, पुणे-नागपुर हाईवे, तल- ी र, पुणे-412208, महारा । 145 मैसस िस ी ीन ए सील स ाईवेट िलिमटेड, (1) डा. िवनोद कुमार जमोहन गौड 09.02.2017 से (2) ी पुव श मह भाई शाह कमाल आक ड, शॉप सं. 3, कम शयल लाट सं. 08.02.2022 (3) ीमती ि व ल िहरेन मोदी सी-3/3, टेट ब क ऑफ इंिडया के पास, जी.आई.डी.सी. अंकले वर-39302 146 मैसस ओमेगा लैबोरे ीज एस.एफ. सं. 55/6बी, (1) डा. एस. पलानी पन 09.02.2017 से (2) ी. एन कंडासामी लाट सं. 10, कले टर ऑ फस के पास, 08.02.2022 (3) ी. यू मानीमारन ित चेनगोडु, मु य सड़क, नामा कल-637003, तिमलनाडु। 147 एनवायरम टल टे टग लैबोरे ी, मैसस (1) ी पारेश मेवावाला 09.02.2017 से (2) ी धावल नाईक ईएनपीआरओ एनवायरो टेक ए ड इंजीिनयस 08.02.2022 (3) सु ी शहनाज जडेजा ाईवेट िलिमटेड, डी/29/16, रोड सं. 17, होजीवाला इंड ीयल टेट, गेट सं; 3, सूरत- 394230, गुजरात। 148 मैसस एमएटीएस इंिडया ाईवेट िलिमटेड (1) सु ी वी. ी ि या 09.02.2017 से (2) ी पी. भाकरन (लैबो ी स वस िडिवजन), 1ए ए ड 1बी, पे मल 08.02.2022 (3) ी वी. रामबाबू काईल ीट, नरकु ाम, चै नई-600107 149 मैसस जे.पी टे ट ए ड रसच स टर, 4/54, साईट (1) ी दु यं त यागी 09.02.2017 से 4 सािहबाबाद इंड ीयल ए रया, गािजयाबाद, 08.02.2022 यू.पी.-201010 (2) सु ी अंजु जैन (3) सु ी िहमानी ोत रया 150 मैसस टीयूवी एसयूडी साऊथ एिशया ाईवेट (1) ी मु थुकुमार वी. 09.02.2017 से (2) डा. एस डेिनयल वे ले िलिमटेड, सं. 11 और 13, पहला और चौथा तल, 08.02.2022 (3) सु ी िश पी कोहली ओ रजनल टावर, टाईप-2, डा. वीएसआई ए टेट, ित वंिमयार, चै नई-600041, तिमलनाडु। 151 मैसस एफसीसीआई रसच ए ड एनािलिसस स टर, (1) ी जसजीत िसहं संधु 09.02.2017 से (2) ी सुर कुमार मनोचा लाट सं. 2ए, से टर-8, ारका, नई द ली- 08.02.2022 (3) सु ी अनीता िसह 110077 152 मैसस एि सल ट एनवायरो लैबोरे ी ए ड रसच (1) ी सखाराम तामडु पा टल 09.02.2017 से (2) ी शशांक बक पे ाम स टर, लाट सं. डी-53/18, एमआईडीसी ए रया, 08.02.2022 (3) सु ी किवता सडामंड पे म लु वालुज, औरंगाबाद-431136, महारा । 153 मैसस इनवायरो लैब, एस-2 ए ड एस-3, फेज-2, (1) ी अफ क अहमद 09.02.2017 से (2) ी िनितन कुमार िभवाड़ी, अलवर-301019, राज थान 08.02.2022 (3) ी िगरधारी लाल यादव 154 मैसस बट एनवायर केयर िस टमस ाईवेट (1) ी अ ाहम अिभषेक मोसेस 09.02.2017 से (2) ी के. गोपी कुमार िलिमटेड, लाट सं. सी-45, इंड ीयल ए टेट, 08.02.2022 (3) सु ी राखी बी. बैकामपाडे, मंगलौर- 575011, कना टक।
217 6 THE GAZETTE OF INDIA : EXTRAORDINARY [PART II—SEC. 3(ii)]
92 M/s Environmental Health and (i) Mr. Shivanand M. Dambal 09.02.2017 Safety Research and Development (ii) Ms. Sindhu Kumari to Centre (EHSRDC) (ii) Ms. Praveena Kumari H.N. 08.02.2022 No. 13/2, 1st Main Road, Near Fire Station, Industrial Town, Rajajinagar, Bangalore-560010, Karnataka .
(ii) after serial number 143 and the entries relating thereto, the following serial numbers and entries shall be inserted, namely:-
144 M/s Green Envirosafe Engineers and (i) Dr. Satish Damodar Kulkarni 09.02.2017 Consultant Pvt. Ltd. (ii) Dr. Ayodhya Kshirsagar to Gat No. 1405/06, Mayuri Residency, (iii) Mr. Vinod Prataprao Hande 08.02.2022 Office No. 16, 2nd Floor, Sanswadi, Pune- Nagpur Highway, Tal-Shirur, Pune- 412208, Maharashtra. 145 M/s Siddhi Green Excellence Private (i) Dr. Vinod Kumar Brijmohan 09.02.2017 Limited Gaur to Kamal Arcade, Shop No.3, Commercial (ii) Mr. Purvesh Mahendra Bhai 08.02.2022 Plot No.C-3/3, Shah Near State Bank of India, G.I.D.C (iii) Mrs. Twinkle Hiren Modi Ankleshwar-393002, Gujarat 146 M/s Omega Laboratories (i) Dr. S. Palaniappan 09.02.2017 S.F. No. 55/6B, Plot No.10, Near (ii) Mr. N. Kandasamy to Col/lector Office, Thiruchengodu, Main (iii) Mr. U. Manimaran 08.02.2022 Road, Namakkal-637003, Tamil Nadu. 147 Environmental Testing Laboratory (i) Mr. Paresh Mevawala 09.02.2017 M/s ENPRO Enviro Tech and Engineers (ii) Dr. Dhaval Naik to Pvt. Ltd. (iii) Ms. Shahenaz Jadeja 08.02.2022 D/29/16, Road No.17 Hojiwala Industrial State, Gate No.3, , Surat-394230, Gujarat. 148 M/s MATS India Private Limited (i) Ms. V. Sri Priya 09.02.2017 ( Laboratory Service Division), 1A & 1B, (ii) Shri P. Prabakaran to Perumal Koil Street, Nerkundram, (iii) Shri V. Rambabu 08.02.2022 Chennai-600107. 149 M/s J.P Test & Research Centre (i) Mr. Dushyant Tyagi 09.02.2017 4/54, Site IV Sahibabad Industrial area, (ii) Ms. Anju Jain to Ghaziabad, U.P.-201010. (iii) Ms. Himani Shrotriya 08.02.2022 150 M/s TUV SUD South Asia Pvt. Ltd. (i) Mr. Mutthukumar V. 09.02.2017 No.11 & 13, 1st & 4th Floor, Origin (ii) Dr. S. Daniel Wesley to Tower, Type-2, Dr. VSI Estate , (iii) Ms. Shilpi Kohli 08.02.2022 Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai-600041, Tamil Nadu. 151 M/s FICCI Research & Analysis Centre (i) Mr. Jasjit Singh Sandhu 09.02.2017 Plot No.2A, Sectro-8, Dwarka, New (ii) Mr. Surender Kumar Manocha to Delhi-110077. (iii) Ms. Anita Singh 08.02.2022
152 M/s Excellent Enviro Laboratory & (i)Mr. Sakharam Tumadu Patil 09.02.2017 Research Centre (ii) Mr. Shashank Trimbak Pedram to Plot No. D-52/18, MIDC Area, Waluj, (iii) Ms. Kavita Sadanand Premallu 08.02.2022 Aurangabad-431136, Maharashtra. 153 M/s Enviro Lab (i) Mr. Afaq Ahmad 09.02.2017 S-2 & S-3, Phase-II, RIICO Industrial (ii) Mr. Nitin Kumar to Area, Bhiwadi, Alwar-301019, Rajasthan. (iii) Mr. Girdhari Lal Yadav 08.02.2022
218 219 Certificate of Registration Certificate of Registration
PROGRESSIVE This is to certify that the e Governing Board of Occupational Health And Safety Progressive International Certifications Limited Management System of hereby grant to
GREEN ENVIROSAFE ENGINEERS & CONSULTANT PVT. LTD. JAY ENTERPRISE Address to which this Certificate refers: At Address PRAGATI SOCIETY, STREET - NO. 1, VIRANI AGHAT, 80 FEET, GAT NO - 1405/06, MAYURI RESIDENCY, OFFICE NO- 16, 2ND FLOOR, BOLBALA MARG, B/H. BALAJI REFRIGRATION, DHEBAR ROAD SANASWADI, PUNE -NGAR HIGHWAY, TAL. - SHIRUR, PUNE 412 208 (SOUTH), RAJKOT - 360002, GUJARAT -E INDIA. (Here in after called the Registered firm) the right to be listed in the Directory of Registered firm in respect of the services listed below. These services shall be offered by the Registered firm at orI Vfrom only the address given above in accordance and compliance with S Has been Assessed by Crescent Quality Certification Pvt. Ltd. and Deemed S to comply with the requirement of GRE QUALITYP MANAGEMENTRO SYSTEM OHSAS 18001:2007 ISO 9001:2008 This Certificate is Valid for the activities specified below: Approved Scope to which this Certificate refers
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY SERVICES PROVIDER, ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURE, SUPPLY AND EXPORT OF STONELESS DRAFT COPY TESTING, WATER & WASTE WATER TESTING, AIR MONITORING & TESTING DOMESTIC FLOUR MILL, ELECTRIC MOTOR AND SPARES - SERVICES.
Registration No.: CQCPL/OHSAS/0418/4621 Certificate Expire Date: 09.04.2021 Certificate Issue Date: 10.04.2018 2nd Surveillance: 04.2020 1st Surveillance: 04.2019 Registration No.: PICL/QMS/0988/0515 Certificate Expire Date: 08.05.2018 Certificate Issue Date : 09.05.2015 2nd Surveillance: 05.2017 1st Surveillance: 05.2016
IVE SS GRE PRO
Managing Director Head of Certificate AIAB QMS 005
This Certificate of Registration is granted subject to the Regulations approved by the Board. PROGRESSIVE INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATIONS LTD. Prakruti, Plot No. 03, Sector 21 Kharghar, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India. CRESCENT QUALITY CERTIFICATION PVT. LTD. Ph. +91 8080091139, E-mail.: [email protected], Website: www.progressiveltd.com B-1005, Gundecha Symphony, Veera Desai Road, Andheri West, Mumbai - 400 053, India For current validity of this certificate. Please visit our website Phone: +919820429510, Email: info@crescentqualitycerfification.com, Website: www.crescentqualitycertification.com USE OF ACCREDITATION MARK INDICATES ACCREDITATION IN RESPECT OF THE ACTIVITIES COVERED BY For Current validity of this certificate, please visit our website ACCREDITATION INSTITUTE ASSESMENT BODY (EUROPE) CERTIFICATION NUMBER 005
220 Certificate of Registration Certificate of Registration
PROGRESSIVE e Governing Board of This is to certify that the Progressive International Certifications Limited Quality Management System of hereby grant to GREEN ENVIROSAFE ENGINEERS & CONSULTANT PVT. LTD. JAY ENTERPRISE
Address to which this Certificate refers: At Address PRAGATI SOCIETY, STREET - NO. 1, VIRANI AGHAT, 80 FEET, GAT NO - 1405/06, MAYURI RESIDENCY, OFFICE NO- 16, 2ND FLOOR, BOLBALA MARG, B/H. BALAJI REFRIGRATION, DHEBAR ROAD SANASWADI, PUNE -NGAR HIGHWAY, TAL. - SHIRUR, PUNE 412 208 (SOUTH), RAJKOT - 360002, GUJARAT -E INDIA. (Here in after called the Registered firm) the right to be listed in the Directory of Registered firm in respect of the Has been Assessed by Crescent Quality Certification Pvt. Ltd. and Deemed services listed below. These services shall be offered by the Registered firm at orI Vfrom only the address given above in accordance and compliance with S to comply with the requirement of S GRE QUALITYP MANAGEMENTRO SYSTEM ISO 9001:2015 ISO 9001:2008 DRAFT COPY This Certificate is Valid for the activities specified below: Approved Scope to which this Certificate refers
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANCY SERVICES PROVIDER, ENVIRONMENTAL MANUFACTURE, SUPPLY AND EXPORT OF STONELESS TESTING, WATER & WASTE WATER TESTING, AIR MONITORING & TESTING DOMESTIC FLOUR MILL, ELECTRIC MOTOR AND SPARES - SERVICES.
Registration No.: CQCPL/QMS/0418/6252 Certificate Expire Date: 04.04.2021 Certificate Issue Date: 05.04.2018 2nd Surveillance: 04.2020 1st Surveillance: 04.2019 Registration No.: PICL/QMS/0988/0515 Certificate Expire Date: 08.05.2018 Certificate Issue Date : 09.05.2015 2nd Surveillance: 05.2017 1st Surveillance: 05.2016
IVE SS GRE PRO
Managing Director Head of Certificate AIAB QMS 005
This Certificate of Registration is granted subject to the Regulations approved by the Board. PROGRESSIVE INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATIONS LTD. Prakruti, Plot No. 03, Sector 21 Kharghar, Navi Mumbai - 410210, India. CRESCENT QUALITY CERTIFICATION PVT. LTD. Ph. +91 8080091139, E-mail.: [email protected], Website: www.progressiveltd.com B-1005, Gundecha Symphony, Veera Desai Road, Andheri West, Mumbai - 400 053, India For current validity of this certificate. Please visit our website Phone: +919820429510, Email: info@crescentqualitycerfification.com, Website: www.crescentqualitycertification.com USE OF ACCREDITATION MARK INDICATES ACCREDITATION IN RESPECT OF THE ACTIVITIES COVERED BY For Current validity of this certificate, please visit our website ACCREDITATION INSTITUTE ASSESMENT BODY (EUROPE) CERTIFICATION NUMBER 005
221 Enclosure I
No.IA-J-11011/413/2018-IA-II(I) Goverment of India Minister of Enviroment,Forest and Climate Change Impact Assessment Division ***
Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, Vayu Wing,3rd Floor,Aliganj, Jor Bagh Road,New Delhi-110003 22 Jan 2019
To,
M/s SHREE GANESH ETHANOL PROCESSING PVT LTD Ganesh Bhavan, Plot no. 48, Sector 8, Gandhidham, kutch Gujarat, kutch-370240 Gujarat
Tel.No.02836-282501; Email:[email protected]
Sir/Madam,
This has reference to the proposal submitted in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to prescribe the Terms of Reference (TOR) for undertaking detailed EIA study for the purpose of obtaining Environmental Clearance in accordance with the provisions of the EIA Notification, 2006. For this purpose, the proponent had submitted online information in the prescribed format (Form-1 ) along with a Pre-feasibility Report. The details of the proposal are given below:
1. Proposal No.: IA/GJ/IND2/89036/2018
Establishment of 60 KLPD Multi feed (molasses 2. Name of the Proposal: or grain based) Distillery by Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing Pvt. Ltd.
3. Category of the Proposal: Industrial Projects - 2
4. Project/Activity applied for: 5(g) Distilleries
5. Date of submission for TOR: 19 Dec 2018
In this regard, under the provisions of the EIA Notification 2006 as amended, the Standard TOR for the purpose of preparing environment impact assessment report and environment management plan for obtaining prior environment clearance is prescribed with public consultation as follows:
222 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
5(g): STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR CONDUCTING ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR DISTILLERIES AND INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED IN EIA/EMP REPORT
A. STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE
1) Executive Summary 2) Introduction i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation ii. Information about the project proponent iii. Importance and benefits of the project 3) Project Description i. Cost of project and time of completion. ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project. iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any. iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation. v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management. vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract) viii. Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet (quantative) from raw material to products to be provided ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems. x. Expansion/modernization proposals: a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing Iexisting operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification
223 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY 2005-2006) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4) Site Details i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. v. Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site. vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/ private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area) ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included. xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects) xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy 5) Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable)
224 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife 6) Environmental Status i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micro- meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details. vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included. vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc. x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished. xi. Socio-economic status of the study area.
225 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
7) Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor- cum-rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards. vi. Measures for fugitive emission control vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided. ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included. xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted.
226 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8) Occupational health i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers ii. Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9) Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10) Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase. 11) Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time
227 STANDARD TERMS OF REFERENCE (TOR) FOR EIA/EMP REPORT FOR PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES REQUIRING ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE
bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12) Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13) 'A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR.
B. SPECIFIC TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIASTUDIES FOR DISTILLERIES
1. List of existing distillery units in the study area along with their capacity and sourcing of raw material. 2. Number of working days of the distillery unit. 3. Details of raw materials such as molasses/grains, their source with availability. 4. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. 5. Surface and Ground water quality around proposed spent wash storage lagoon, and compost yard. 6. Plan to reduce spent wash generation within 6-8 KL/KL of alcohol produced. 7. Proposed effluent treatment system for molasses/grain based distillery (spent wash, spent lees, condensate and utilities) as well as domestic sewage and scheme for achieving zero effluent discharge (ZLD). 8. Proposed action to restrict fresh water consumption within 10 KL/KL of alcohol production. 9. Details about capacity of spent wash holding tank, material used, design consideration. No. of peizometers to be proposed around spent wash holding tank. 10. Action plan to control ground water pollution. 11. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash, yeast, etc. Details of incinerated spent wash ash generation and its disposal. 12. Details of bio-composting yard (if applicable). 13. Action plan to control odour pollution. 14. Arrangements for installation of continuous online monitoring system (24x7 monitoring device)
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228 Appendix A- Plot Layout
229 Appendix B- List of Equipments
List of Equipments under Proposed Distillery Plant
NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) LIQUEFACTION SECTION FLOW CONTROL VALAVE 1 LIQUIFICATION TANK Globe Valve 1 2 PPSF TANK Globe Valve 1 3 GRAIN SLURRY TO JET COOKER Globe Valve 1 FLOW TRANSMITTERS 1 GRAIN SLURRY TO JET COOKER MAGNETIC FLOW 1 TRANSMITTERS 2 STEAM TO JET COOKER ORIFICE PLATE with 1 DPT 3 SLURRY TO FERMENTATION MAGNETIC FLOW 1 SECTION TRANSMITTERS LEVEL TRANSMITTERS 1 SLURRY TANK Diaphragm With 1 Flanged End 2 LIQUIFACTION TANK Diaphragm With 1 Flanged End 3 PPSF TANK Diaphragm With 1 Flanged End ROTAMETER 1 ENL TO SLURRY TANK GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 2 PWL TO SLURRY TANK GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 3 ENL TO LIQUEFACTION TANK GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 4 ENS TO P.P.S.F TANK GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS RTD with TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 1 SLURRY TANK OUTLET RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 2 JET COOKER OUTLET RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS
230 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 3 GRAIN SLURRY FROM HOLDING RTD with 1 COIL TO FLASH TANK TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 4 COOLING WATER RETURN LINE RTD with 1 FROM FLASH CONDENSER TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 5 SLURRY COOLER - I OUTLET RTD with 2 LINE TO PPSF TANK TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 6 SLURRY COOLER - II OUTLET RTD with 1 LINE TO CULTURING SECTION TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS PRESSURE GUAGES 1 SLURRY TRANSFER PUMPS DIAPHRAGM 1 2 JET COOKER OUTLET DIAPHRAGM 1 3 GRAIN SLURRY FROM HOLDING DIAPHRAGM 1 COIL TO FLASH TANK 4 LIQUIFICATION SLURRY DIAPHRAGM 1 TRANSFER PUMPS 5 PPSF TRANSFER PUMPS DIAPHRAGM 1 FERMENTATION SECTION MAGNETIC FLOW TRANSMITTERS 1 Mag. Flow Trans. for Molasses to MAGNETIC FLOW 1 Fermenter. 1 TRANSMITTERS 2 Mag. Flow Trans. for Molasses to MAGNETIC FLOW 1 Fermenter. 2 TRANSMITTERS 3 Mag. Flow Trans. for Molasses to MAGNETIC FLOW 1 Fermenter. 3 TRANSMITTERS 4 Mag. Flow Trans. for Molasses to MAGNETIC FLOW 1 Fermenter. 4 TRANSMITTERS 5 Mag. Flow Trans. for Molasses to MAGNETIC FLOW 1 Fermenter. 5 TRANSMITTERS 6 Mag. Flow Trans. for Molasses to MAGNETIC FLOW 1 Fermenter. 6 TRANSMITTERS ROTAMETER 1 Process water to the Fermenter no 1 GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 2 Process water to the Fermenter no 2 GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS
231 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 3 Process water to the Fermenter no 3 GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 4 Process water to the Fermenter no 4 GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 5 Process water to the Fermenter no 5 GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 6 Process water to the Fermenter no 6 GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 7 Process water to the Pre Fermenter. GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 8 Process water to the co2 scrubber GLASS TUBE 1 ROTAMETERS 9 Process water to Air Blower 1 and 2 GLASS TUBE 2 ROTAMETERS RTD with TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 1 Pre Fermenter Yeast Vessals 1, 2, RTD with 2 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 2 Fermenter (F1) RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 3 Fermenter (F2) RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 4 Fermenter (F3) RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 5 Fermenter (F4) RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 6 Fermenter (F5) RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 7 Fermenter (F6) RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 8 Fermentation cooling tower inlet and RTD with 2 outlet line TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS
232 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 9 Wash holding tank RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS PRESSURE GUAGES 1 Pre fermenter recirculation pump Diaphragm type 2 2 Fermenter no 1, 2, 3 of recirculation Diaphragm type 3 pump. 3 Each Air Blower Bourdon tube type 2 4 Process water to the Pre Fermenters. Bourdon tube type 1 5 Process water to the co2 scrubber Bourdon tube type 1 6 Process water to Air Blower 1 and 2 Bourdon tube type 2 7 Wash transfer pump to yeast separator Diaphragm type 2 8 Wash holding tank pump Diaphragm type 2 9 Sludge transfer pump to decanter Diaphragm type 2 10 Fermentation cooling tower pump Bourdon tube type 2 11 Nutrient dosing, antifoam pumps Bourdon tube type 3 Level Gauge 1 Cultur vessel no 1 Level Glass Tube 1 2 Culture vessel no 2 Level Glass Tube 1 3 Culture vessel no 3 Level Glass Tube 1 4 Fermenter no 1 Level Glass Tube 1 5 Fermenter no 2 Level Glass Tube 1 6 Fermenter no 3 Level Glass Tube 1 7 Wash Holding tank Level Glass Tube 1 DISTILLATION SECTION FLOW TRANSMITTERS 1 Fermented wash feed to Distillation MAGNETIC FLOW 1 TRANSMITTERS 2 PRC ,RCII ND and Refining Bottom VORTEX FLOW 3 spirit DRAW TRANSMITTERS TRANSMITTERS (OFT) 1 PRC reflux ORIFICE PLATE with 1 DPT 2 RCIInd Reflux ORIFICE PLATE with 1 DPT 3 Hydro reflux ORIFICE PLATE with 1 DPT 4 Defusel reflux ORIFICE PLATE with 1 DPT
233 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 5 Refining reflux ORIFICE PLATE with 1 DPT PRESSURE CONTROL VALAVE 1 Degasser Column Top pressure control Globe Valve 1 valve 2 Rectifier cum exhaust columnTop Globe Valve 1 pressure control valve 3 Rectifier IIND columnTop pressure Globe Valve 1 control valve 4 Defusel column Top pressure control Globe Valve 1 valve FLOW CONTROL VALAVE 1 FW Feed to Distillation Globe Valve 1 2 Steam to PRC Column Globe Valve 1 3 Steam to RCIInd Column Globe Valve 1 4 Steam to Hydro Column Globe Valve 1 5 Steam to Defusel Column Globe Valve 1 6 PRC RS Draw control valve Globe Valve 1 7 RCIIND RS Draw control valve Globe Valve 1 PRESSURE TRANSMITTER 1 Degasser top pressure Diaphragm type 1 2 Primary top pressure Diaphragm type 1 3 Primary bottom pressure Diaphragm type 1 4 Rectifier cum exhaust column top Diaphragm type 1 pressure 5 Rectifier exhaust column bottom Diaphragm type 1 pressure 6 Rectifier IInd column bottom pressure Diaphragm type 1 7 Rectifier IInd column top pressure Diaphragm type 1 8 Hydro column bottom pressure Diaphragm type 1 9 Hydro column top pressure Diaphragm type 1 10 Defusel column bottom pressure Diaphragm type 1 11 Defusel column top pressure Diaphragm type 1 12 Refining column bottom pressure Diaphragm type 1 13 Refining column top pressure Diaphragm type 1 14 Steam Header Diaphragm type 1 15 Cooling water supply header Diaphragm type 1 ROTAMETER 1 IS Draw Glass tube Rotameter 1
234 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 2 PROCESS WATER TO Alde. Glass tube Rotameter 1 3 Rectifier cum exhaust column IS CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 4 PW FOR BOTH FO DECANTERS Glass tube Rotameter 1 5 LFO / HFO For RC Glass tube Rotameter 1 6 Soft water for Vacuum Pump, & Glass tube Rotameter 1 Scrubber 7 Hydro IS CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 8 Defusel IS CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 9 RCIInd IS CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 10 Refining IS CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 11 PRC LFO CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 12 PRC HFO CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 13 RCII ND LFO CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 14 RCIIND HFO CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 15 Defusel LFO CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 16 Defusle HFO CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 17 Hydro ester CUT Glass tube Rotameter 1 18 Fusle oil decanter dilution water Glass tube Rotameter 1 PRESSURE GUAGES 1 Primary column bottom Diaphragm type 1 2 Rectifier cum exhaust column bottom Bourdon tube type 1 3 RCIIND column bottom Bourdon tube type 1 4 Hydro Column bottom Bourdon tube type 1 5 Defusel column bottom Bourdon tube type 1 6 Refining Column bottom Bourdon tube type 1 7 Steam Header Bourdon tube type 2 8 Air Header Bourdon tube type 2 9 CWS Header Bourdon tube type 2 10 Dist Cooling tower pump Bourdon tube type 2 11 Primary Condensate Transfer Pump Bourdon tube type 2 12 Rectifier Reflux pump Bourdon tube type 2 13 Rectifier bottom Bourdon tube type 2 14 Vinasse transfer Pump Bourdon tube type 2 15 Vinasse recycle Pump Bourdon tube type 2 16 I.S Cut transfer pump Bourdon tube type 2 17 Fusel Oil washing collection pump Bourdon tube type 2 18 Steam condensate transfer Pump Bourdon tube type 2 19 Vacuum Pumps Bourdon tube type 2
235 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 20 Scrubber water Pumps Bourdon tube type 2 21 Fusel Oil reflux pump Bourdon tube type 2 22 Hydro bottom Pump Bourdon tube type 2 23 Hydro reflux Pumps Bourdon tube type 2 24 RC IIND BOTTOM Pumps Bourdon tube type 2 25 RCIIND Reflux pump Bourdon tube type 2 26 Fusel oil feed Pump Bourdon tube type 2 27 Refining reflux Pumps Bourdon tube type 2 28 Refining bottom pump Bourdon tube type 2 29 Scrubbers water transfer pump Bourdon tube type 2 LEVEL TRANSMITTER 1 Primary column Remote seal 1 2 Rectifier cum exhaust column D.P. TRX 1 3 Rectifier IInd column D.P. TRX 1 4 Hydro column D.P. TRX 1 5 Defusel column D.P. TRX 1 6 Refining column D.P. TRX 1 7 Steam condensate Tank D.P. TRX 1 8 Dealdehyde Reflux Tank D.P. TRX 1 9 Primary condensate tank D.P. TRX 1 10 Dealdehyde feed Tank D.P. TRX 1 11 PRC RefluxTank D.P. TRX 1 12 RCIIND Reflux tank D.P. TRX 1 13 Hydro reflux Tank D.P. TRX 1 14 Defusel feed Tank D.P. TRX 1 15 Defusle reflux tank D.P. TRX 1 16 Refining reflux tank D.P. TRX 1 17 IS collection Tank D.P. TRX 1 LEVEL CONTROL VALAVE 1 Primary column bottom Globe Valve 1 2 Rectifier cum exhaust column bottom Globe Valve 1 3 Hydro column bottom Globe Valve 1 4 Refining Column bottom Globe Valve 1 5 Rectifier IIND column bottom Globe Valve 1 6 Defusel column bottom Globe Valve 1 7 Dealdehyde feed tank Globe Valve 1 8 Primary Condensate tank Globe Valve 1 9 IS collection Tank Globe Valve 1
236 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 10 PRC Reflux Tank Globe Valve 1 11 RCIInd reflux tank Globe Valve 1 12 Hydro reflux Tank Globe Valve 1 13 Defusel Reflux Tank Globe Valve 1 14 Defusel feed tank Globe Valve 1 15 Refining reflux Tank Globe Valve 1 RTD WITH TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER 1 Primary column bottom RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 2 Primary column top RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 3 Degasser column TOP RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 4 Rectifier cum exhaust column bottom RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 5 Rectifier cum exhaust column top RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 6 Rectifier cum exhaust column LFO RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 7 Rectifier cum exhaust column HFO RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 8 Rectifier cum exhaust column RS RTD with 1 Draw TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 9 Rectifier IIND column bottom RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 10 Rectifier IIND column top RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS
237 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 11 Rectifier IIND column LFO RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 12 Rectifier IIND column HFO RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 13 Rectifier IIND column RS Draw RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 14 Hydro column bottom RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 15 Hydro column top RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 16 Hydro column Ester RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 17 Refining column bottom RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 18 Refining column top RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 19 Defusel column bottom RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 20 Defusel column top RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 21 Defusel column LFO RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 22 Defusel column HFO RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 23 Steam condensate Tank RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS
238 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 24 Rectifier Vent Condenser. RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 25 Primary column reboiler Vent RTD with 1 condenser TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 26 PRC first condenser RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 27 PRC second condenser RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 28 Mash preheater RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 29 Hydro condenser RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 30 Defusel condenser RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 31 Refining condenser RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 32 RS Cooler RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 33 ENA Cooler RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 34 IS Cooler RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 35 Rectifier column Bottom PHE RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 36 Soft water PHE RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS
239 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 37 Fusel Oil Cooler RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 38 Steam Header RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 39 Cooling Water Supply Header RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS EVAPORATION SECTION LEVEL TRANSMITTER 1 Feed Tank Level Remote Seal 1 2 Process Condensate Tank Level D P Type 1 3 Conc. Sp. Wash Tank Level Remote Seal 1 4 Evaporator 1 Level Remote Seal 1 5 Evaporator 2 Level Remote Seal 1 6 Evaporator 3 Level Remote Seal 1 7 Vapour Separator 4 Level Remote Seal 1 8 Vapour Separator 5 Level Remote Seal 1 LEVEL CONTROL VALVE 1 Feed Tank Level Globe Valve 1 2 Process Condensate Tank Level Globe Valve 1 3 Conc. Sp. Wash Tank Level Globe Valve 1 4 Evaporator 1 Level Globe Valve 1 5 Evaporator 2 Level Globe Valve 1 6 Evaporator 3 Level Globe Valve 1 7 Vapour Separator 4 Level Globe Valve 1 8 Vapour Separator 5 Level Globe Valve 1 FLOW CONTROL VALVE 1 Steam Feed to Evaporation Globe Valve 1 PRESSURE TRANSMITTER 1 Vapour Separator 1 Diaphragm Type 1 2 Vapour Separator 2 Diaphragm Type 1 3 Vapour Separator 3 Diaphragm Type 1 4 Vapour Separator 4 Diaphragm Type 1 5 Vapour Separator 5 Diaphragm Type 1 PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE 1 Vapour Separator 5 Globe Valve 1
240 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) RTD WITH TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER 1 CWR Surface condenser RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 2 Process condensate out RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 3 3. Conc.Spent eash out RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 4 Steam to Evap. 1 RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 5 Feed Temp. RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 6 Vapour Separator 1 RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 7 Vapour Separator 2 RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 8 Vapour Separator 3 RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 9 Vapour Separator 4 RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 10 Vapour Separator 5 RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 11 CWR – Surface condenser RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS 12 Process condensate out RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS
241 NO. DESCRIPTION TYPE OF QTY. INSTRUMENT (NO.S) 13 Conc. Spent wash out RTD with 1 TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS PRESSURE GUAGES 1 Feed Pump-A Diaphragm Type 1 2 Feed Pump-B Diaphragm Type 1 3 Recirculation Pump-1 Diaphragm Type 1 4 Recirculation Pump-2 Diaphragm Type 1 5 Recirculation Pump-3 Diaphragm Type 1 6 Recirculation Pump-4 Diaphragm Type 1 7 Recirculation Pump-5 Diaphragm Type 1 8 Process condensate Pump-A Bourdon tube type 1 9 Process condensate Pump-B Bourdon tube type 1 10 Conc. Spent wash Pump-A Diaphragm Type 1 11 Conc. Spent wash Pump-B Diaphragm Type 1 12 Vacuum pump A Bourdon tube type 1 13 Vacuum pump B Bourdon tube type 1 FLOW TRANSMITTERS (MFT/VFT) 1 STEAM INLET TO ORIFICE PLATE with 1 EVAPORATOR(E-601) DPT 2 FEED TANK(T-604) DISCHARGE MFT 1 LINE OF PUMP P-602 3 PRODUCT TANK(T-605) MFT 1 DISCHARGE LINE OF PUMP P-607 4 Spent wash Holding Tank(T-601) to MFT 1 Decanter(D-601) Flow DRYER SECTION FLOW TRANSMITTERS 1 STEAM TO DRYER ORIFICE PLATE with 1 DPT RTD WITH TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER 1 STEAM INLET TO STEAM TUBE RTD with 1 DRYER TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTERS FLOW CONTROL VALVE 1 Steam Feed to DRYER Globe Valve 1
242 Appendix C- Water Lifting Permission
SHREE GANESH 10th Dec 2018 ETHANOL PROCESSINC PVI LTD.
To The Senior Manager, Gujarat Water I nfrastructure Ltd', Anjar.
praposed M/s shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing limited sub: Application for allotting water for aur from 6WlL
Dear Sir,
WeM/SShreeGaneshEthano|ProcessLimitedhaveinitiatedaprojectwhich.hasaimedtoprovidea by all the government bio-fuel source to our India' We are being encouraged source of sustainable plant in establishing the project of 60 KL/Day ethanol officials and are getting good response towards (Kutch)' Gujarat' Survey No.479/Z,Village Bhimsar, Tal' Anjar
your encouragement and assistance' ln this endeavor we have pleasure in getting
for allotting 0'5 MLD of raw water on daily basis on As referred above we are tendering this application you guide us on the procedures to be followed for the terms and conditions of GWIL. we request to entering an agreement with GWIL' (Rupees bearing ftfo' O I O \3 3 for.Rs' 10'000/- Also please find enclosed herewith cheque / DD lnfrastructure Ltd', Gandhinagar " towards the Ten Thousand only) drawn in favour of " Gujrat water application for allotment of 0'5 MLD water'
Werequestyoutokindlyhelpusanddotheneedfu|inthismattersothatouragreementwithGW|Lfor water can be made at the earliest'
Yours SincerelY l/
Ltd" For: Shree Ganesh Ethanol Processing P\^' Du"*
Encl: 1. Cheque / DD for Rs' 10000/- 2. Application Form ffi 243 Appendix D- Stack hieht Calculation
STACK HEIGHT CALCULATIONS
No Description Boiler of 20 TPH capacity
Stack Height calculations using Coal & Spentwash Ref. : CPCB; Comprehensive Industry Document Series : COINDS /18 / 1984-85 ) For TPM 1. Formula for Stack Height calculations, H= 74(Q) 0.27 Where, Q= Discharge of Total Particulate Matter (TPM) expressed in MT/Hr. 2. Fuel Used : Coal & Spentwash 3. Fuel Consumption: 60 MT/Day, i.e. 2.5 MT / Hr. & 96 MT/D i.e. 4 MT/Hr 4. Ash generation from Coal & Spentwash burning is to the tune of 13% & 18%. Total Ash generation – Coal; 0.32 MT / Hr + Spentwash 0.72 MT / Hr = 1.04 MT/Hr. 5. Fly Ash emission Rate in MT / Hr will be 80% of the total ash generated in light of the convention – 80% fly ash + 20% bottom ash i.e. 80 % of 1.04 MT / Hr = 0.83 MT / Hr a. Stack Height Calculation with APC Equipment Functioning
Air Pollution Control Equipment to be provided is (Electrostatic Precipitator) ESP with removal efficiency of 98% for particulates. Ash emission rate after APC equipment is 2% of 0.83 MT/Hr. i.e. 0.0166 MT/Hr.
Therefore, required Height of Stack shall be, H = 74 (Q) 0.27 = 74 X (0.0166)0.27 = 74 X 0.33 = 24.42 M
i.e. Say 25 M b. Stack heights based on SO2 for Coal as Fuel Boiler of 25 TPH with a stack : Formula for Stack Height calculations, H= 14 (Q) 0.3
Where, Q= Discharge of SO2 expressed in Kg/Hr. Fuel Used : Coal + Spent wash Fuel Consumption: Coal: 60 MT/Day, i.e. 2.5 MT/Hr. Con. Spentwash : 96 MT/D i.e. 4 MT/Hr Total:6.5 MT/Hr.
244 No Description Sulphur content of the Coal @ 0.5 %, Sulphur Di-oxide (SO2) released after coal
burning- 1.0 % and Spent wash @ 0.65 %; Sulphur Di-oxide (SO2) released after spent wash burning- 1.3 %.
Total SO2 emissions - Coal: .0.1296 MT/Hr. + Conc. Spentwash: 0.501 MT/Hr = 0.6306 i.e. 63 Kg/Hr Required Height of Stack is, H = 14 (Q) 0.3 = 14 X (63)0.3 = 14 X 3.46
= 48.44 i.e. Say 49 M
245 Annexure-I Soil Monitoring Report
246 247 248 249 Annexure-II Metrological Data
250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 Annexure- III Ambient Air Quality Monitroing Report
274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 Annexure-IV Surface water Monitoring Report
282 283 284 285 Annexure- V Ground Water Monitoring Report
286 287 288 289 290 291 Annexure -VI Noise Monitoring Report
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