GREEN AUDIT OF AL- AMEEN COLLEGE, EDATHALA

Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences (TIES) Ecological Research Campus, Velloor P.O. Kottayam

PREFACE

As part of NAAC accreditation programme, Green Audit is a mandatory component for fulfilling the requirements for the accreditation. Green audit includes energy audit, water audit and biodiversity audit. In May 2019, Al-Ameen College, Edathala, Aluva in collaboration with Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences (TIES), the affiliated research center of Mahatma Gandhi University, has initiated College-NGO Partnership Initiative (CNPI) programme in their college involving students and faculty members.

In CNPI programme, Green Audit is the major component. It is basically a student capacity building programme, equipping them to meet the challenges and to evolve a socially and environmentally responsible society. It aims to inculcate research culture among the students and faculty of the college and to develop the right scientific temper and outlook.

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1. ABOUT COLLEGE

Al-Ameen College, Edathala, Aluva is a cutting edge Arts and Science Co-educational Institution of higher education in aided sector. It is one of the prime institutions run by the Al-Ameen Education Trust, Kochi. The trust is a part of the Al-Ameen Movement started in Bangalore by a group of dedicated and inspired thinkers who wishes to uplift the cause of education among the backward sections. Al-Ameen College, Edathala has a humble beginning as a junior College with five Pre-Degree batches in 17 November, 1981 on the lap of rural area of Edathala Grama- Panchayat in a serene atmosphere, comprising of 25 acres. The Institution was initially affiliated to the University of Kerala, Edathala. Subsequently, on the formation the Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam in 1983, the affiliation of the Institution was shifted to this new University. Later on the college was elevated to the status of a degree college and courses in various streams were beginned. In year 2006 the College is being included under sections 2 (F) and 12 (B) of the U G C Act. Al-Ameen College was declared as a Minority Educational Institution by the Government of India in the year of 2008. In 2015 was notable in the history of the Institution with the accreditation from National Assessment and Accreditation Committee (NAAC).The Institution practices the noble mission and vision of providing quality education based on personality development, character formation and communal harmony as envisaged by its founders. After completing nearly four decades of its inception, Al-Ameen College has to its credit 11 under graduate programmes, three post graduate programmes and one vocational programme. IGNOU study centre approved by IGNOU is a mile stone in the distance education provided by Al-Ameen. The college community comprises of 1365 Students, 77 teachers and 37 numbers of non teaching staff. More than 60% of the students are girls. Al-Ameen College is dedicated in the mission to develop ICT competence, social responsibility, a realistic awareness of life situations and global competencies among students. The College is working towards achieving an educational level that will be beneficial for the holistic development of its students.

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2. VISION AND MISSION

VISION

The vision of the college is to create an educated and enlightened society. To place a strong thrust on secularism, culture, tradition and character formation for the betterment of society. We make every decision to support the career and personal development of our learners. Our curriculum, teaching and services demonstrate that we value the diverse profiles of our learners.

MISSION

The mission is to uplift the educational and social status of minority and rural community through learning. To cultivate a spirit of community service and to inculcate a civic sense. Promote a culture of excellence in all activities of the College by implementing good practices aimed at personal and professional development of students, faculty members, and non-academic staff.

GOAL

To incorporate novel and pioneering branches of study and to lead the institution into a centre for excellence by providing quality Education and Training. Create and maintain a vibrant research environment to promote cutting-edge, interdisciplinary research and collaborative work with local, regional, and international communities.

CORE VALUES

 Excellence  Global Competency  Social Responsibility  Integrity  Accountability

MOTTO

Keeping the promise of access, success and affordability

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3. CNPI AT AL-AMEEN COLLEGE, EDATHALA

College - NGO Partnership Initiative (CNPI) was initiated at Al-Ameen College, Edathala under the guidance of Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences (TIES). The aim of the CNPI was to inculcate research culture among the students and faculty of the college and to develop the right scientific temper and outlook. Green Audit was the major component of CNPI programme; it consisted of Water Audit, Energy Audit and Biodiversity Audit. CNPI is a mutually benefitting research–cum– extension project of TIES, involving students and faculty of Al-Ameen College. The introduction of project work for college students is a significant step to promote research culture, but the prevailing system does not allow much progress in the area. Considering this fact, National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has included this aspect in the NAAC accreditation process and set up criteria for assessing the performance of colleges in research and extension programmes based on College - NGO collaborative programmes. Green Audit is a compulsory exercise that NAAC demands too which is the most significant component of CNPI programme.

TIES-CNPI provides ample avenues for the college to improve their stakes in research and extension activities involving faculty and students of Al-Ameen College, with the constant support of experts and scientists from TIES. Being an environmental research and action organisation, TIES will be benefitted through the rich human resource and localised infrastructure support from the Al-Ameen College. In brief, the college can use their rich human resource and infrastructure facilities for conducting socially and environmentally important research and extension activities availing the vast expertise of Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences, in the conduct of related projects and programmes.

3.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVES

 To provide research support to the college to conduct research projects on social and ecological issues involving faculty and students

 To conduct community extension and development projects through Peoples Research Programmes (PRPs)

 To impart scientific methods and research techniques among students and faculty to deal with emerging social and environmental issues

 To study, suggest and implement solutions to environmental problems through timely interventions

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3.2. BENEFITS

BENEFITS OF AL-AMEEN COLLEGE

By conducting CNPI programme, the students and faculty of the college will have an opportunity to participate in research and extension projects in socially relevant and applied areas. The students will be trained in preparing scientific reports and can publish their reports based on their studies and activities. As a result of the programme, stake of the college in community development programmes (waste management, water and energy conservation, natural farming, livelihood issues, gender issues etc.) will be enhanced. Moreover, Green Audit is an essential criterion for NAAC accreditation.

BENEFITS OF TIES

By collaborating with the CNPI programme of Al-Ameen College, TIES will have a richer human resource support for its further research programmes. Besides, the scientific reports of green audit in the college will be jointly published with college contributors. Moreover, TIES will have an improved database and stake in community developmental activities.

3.3. METHODOLOGY

On 20 June, 2019 the inauguration of the CNPI programme at Al-Ameen College, Edathala was conducted. Students and faculty members from the college attended the orientation programme given by the supporting organization, Tropical Institute of Ecological Sciences (TIES). After getting orientation about Green audit, students were divided into three groups to conducted water audit, energy audit and biodiversity audit. The study was conducted during the period 2019 June to 2019 November. For the ease of the auditing programme the whole college was divided into different areas,

1. Main building a. Cellar b. Ground Floor c. First floor d. Second floor e. Third floor 2. Annex 3. Canteen/Society 4. Mosque 5. Outdoor 1 6. Outdoor 2 7. Hostel

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4. ENERGY AUDIT

4.1. INTRODUCTION The purpose of an energy audit is to account for consumption and recommend where savings are possible. A ‘walk through audit’ or ‘site survey’ involves sighting every light and piece of equipment that consumes energy, recording power ratings and estimating hours of operation. Obvious energy waste and inefficiencies are noted, as are items in need of maintenance or replacement. An action plan for energy management strategy can be formulated as a result of the audit. For planning of new and refurbished buildings, an audit can comprise an assessment of all proposed energy consuming equipment, which in turn enables the preparation of an energy budget. The energy audit of the Al-Ameen College campus was done with these objectives and to develop an energy management plan for the college. 4.2. AIM To conduct an energy audit of the Al-Ameen College campus and suggest conservation measures

4.3. OBJECTIVES  To assess the existing pattern of electrical energy use in the college campus  To find out the routes of energy loss  To suggest and implement an energy conservation programme

4.4. METHODOLOGY The energy audit was done through a walk through survey to the nook and corners of the college campus in multiple recurring sessions. The college areas were assigned to different groups of 2-4 students each. At the beginning they collected a scaled map of the college campus. 4.4.1. SITE SURVEY Student volunteers explored their assigned area on three working days, three Saturdays and three holidays (Sundays). Every day they toured the area in three sessions – one hour before the classes begin; before and after noon interval (lunch break); and one hour after the last class session ends. For each location, they recorded the number of lamps, the types of lamps (incandescent or fluorescent or CFL or LED), and the power rating of lamps (number of Watts) and estimated the daily hours of usage by visiting rooms throughout a typical day or asking staff. The same procedure repeated for equipment’s, instruments and other electrical installations. A batch of students took the Energy Meter readings of the college regularly on all site survey days and at the same daily sessions. The student representatives also collected data regarding the positions and count of windows, doors, ventilation, bulbs, tube lights, fans and other electrical equipment in the rooms. The billing data of the college also collected (of past two years) being it will provide a good picture of how much total energy is used and how consumption varies throughout the year.

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4.5. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

Outdoor Lighting in the Al-Ameen College campus

Average Units Units Units No. of light Location Use hourly Remarks used/Day used/Month used/Year point use/day (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) To light up 1-Special LED Gate during the 12hr Functioning 0.24 7.2 87.6 (20 W) evening Watchma 1-Ordinary n’s room Tubelight ” 12hr Functioning 0.48 14.4 175.2 entrance (40W) Main building- 1-Mercury in front of - 12hr ‘’ 1.2 36 438 Lamp (100W) the car shed 1- Ordinary Annex- Tubelight (40 0.48 14.4 175.2 Behind W) BBA 1-LED Tubelight “ 12hr ‘’ 0.18 5.4 65.7 departme (15W) nt 2-CFL Bulb 0.36 10.8 131.4 (30W) Outside 8-Halogen Bulb area near “ Not using Not-functioning 0 0 0 (200W) society

TOTAL 2.94 88.2 1073.1

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Indoor Lighting (Tubelights (40W)) in the Al-Ameen College campus

Units Used/ Construction No. OF Units Used/ Day Units Used/ Month Location Use Windows Year Type Tubelights (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) Store room, Lab, Balance Room, Class 32 windows Cellar Concrete 32 5.13 153.942 1872.971 Room, Medical 37 Ventilation Inspection, Toilet Class Rooms, Placement cell, 57 windows Ground Floor Language lab, Concrete 43 11.4 342 4161 72 Ventilation Departments, Verandha Class Room, Mini 61 Windows First Floor Seminar Hall, IQAC, Concrete 38 8.52 255.6 3109.8 27 Ventilation Staff Room Class rooms, store Concrete ceiling with 52 Windows Second Floor 53 8.3771 251.3141 3057.655 rooms, labs false ceiling 28 Ventilation Class rooms, store Sheeted roofing with false 28 Windows Third Floor 48 5.6 168 2044 rooms, labs, Library ceiling 51 Ventilation Class

room, store room,

staff room, health

club, NCC Office, 53 Windows Sheeted Ceiling 75 18.1316 543.9507 6618.067 Annex NSS Room 29 Windows Mosque Concrete 28 3.72 1357.8 42 Ventilation 111.6 Fulltime during Concrete building with 23 Windows Saturday and Hostel Residence sheet on the terrace, tiled 64 1 Ventilation Sunday and during floor lunch time TOTAL 55.7487 3972.865 20348.32

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Indoor Lighting (CFL (15W)) in the Al-Ameen College campus

Windows/ Units used/ Units used/Day Units used/Year Location Use Construction type Ventilation No. of CFL Month (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) Store room, Lab, Balance Room, 32 windows Cellar Class Room, Concrete 0 0 0 0 37 Ventilation Medical Inspection, Toilet Class Rooms, Placement cell, 57 windows Total-2 Ground Floor Language lab, Concrete 0.105 3.15 38.325 72 Ventilation 1-Not used Departments, Verandha Class Room, Mini 61 Windows First Floor Seminar Hall, Concrete 117 13.89 416.7 5069.85 27 Ventilation IQAC, Staff Room Class rooms, store Concrete ceiling with 52 Windows Second Floor rooms, labs 25 0.720 21.6 262.8 false ceiling 28 Ventilation

Class rooms, store Sheeted roofing with 28 Windows Third Floor rooms, labs, 10 0.45 13.5 164.25 false ceiling 51 Ventilation Library

Class

room, store room, 16.4383 200 staff room, health Sheeted Ceiling 53 Windows club, NCC Office, 5 0.5479 Annex NSS Room 29 Windows Mosque Concrete 11 0 .48 14.4 175.2 42 Ventilation Concrete building 23 Windows Hostel Residence with sheet on the 1 Ventilation 13 Du During tea time terrace, tiled floor TOTAL 182 16.1929 485.7883 5910.425

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Indoor Lighting (LED Bulbs (10/12/15W)) in the Al-Ameen College campus

Constru Units used/ Windows/ Unit used/ Day Units used/ Year Location Use ction No. of LED Bulbs Month ventilation (kWh) (kWh) Type (kWh)

Store room, Lab, Balance Room, Class 32 windows Cellar Concrete 10 0.9321 27.964 340.232 Room, Medical Inspection, Toilet 37 Ventilation

Class Rooms, Placement cell, Language 57 windows Ground Floor Concrete 71 6.539 196.17 2386.735 lab, Departments, Verandha 72 Ventilation Class Room, Mini Seminar Hall, IQAC, Staff 61 Windows First Floor Concrete 74 5.3464 160.3929 1951.446 Room 27 Ventilation Concrete ceiling 52 Windows Second Floor Class rooms, store rooms, labs with 26 1.971 59.13 719.415 28 Ventilation false ceiling Sheeted roofing 28 Windows Third Floor Class rooms, store rooms, labs, Library with 34 0.69 20.7 251.85 51 Ventilation false ceiling Class Sheeted Annex room, store room, staff room, health Ceiling 53 Windows 15 1.6280 48.8404 594.225 club, NCC Office, NSS Room 29 Windows Mosque Concrete 2 0.312 9.36 113.88 42 Ventilation Concrete building

with 23 Windows sheet on During study Hostel Residence 1 Ventilation 24 the time

terrace,

tiled floor TOTAL 246 16.4864 494.5929 6017.551

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Energy usage in the Al-Ameen College Campus

Location No. Of Energy Energy Energy equipment consumption consumption consumption per per day (kWh) per month year (kWh) (kWh) Cellar 77 16.381 491.43 5979.065 Ground Floor 256 55.6180 1668.5471 20301

First Floor 560 236.7121 7101.3642 86399.9321 Second Floor 275 52.817 1584.51 19278.21 Third Floor 219 33.945 1018.35 12389.93 Others 31 38.4768 1154.304 14044.03 Annex 251 48.562 1456.86 17725.13 Mosque 53 6.162 184.86 2249.13 Outside 18 4.59 137.7 1675.35 Hostel 143 57.5 1725 20987.5 Principal’s 1 0.08 2.4 29.2 Room TOTAL 1884 550.8439 16525.3253 201058.4771 Table showing the energy consumption in Al-Ameen College Campus

Energy consumption per day (kWh)

0.08 4.59 16.381 Cellar 6.162 57.5 55.618 Ground Floor First Floor 48.562 Second Floor Third Floor 38.4768 Others Annex 33.945 236.7121 Mosque Outside 52.817 Hostel Principal’s Room

Graph showing the energy consumption in Al-Ameen College Campus

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Solar Energy usage in the Al-Ameen College Campus

Location Equipment No. of Energy Energy Energy equipment consumption consumption consumption per day per month per year (kWh) (kWh) (kWh) Cellar Tubelight 4 0.96 28.8 350.4 Ground Tubelight 2 0.48 14.4 175.2 Floor LED 3 Tubelight 0.27 8.1 98.55 First Floor Tubelight 1 0.24 7.2 87.6 Second Tubelight 1 Floor 0.24 7.2 87.6 Third Tubelight 3 0.72 21.6 262.8 Floor Fan 2 0.72 21.6 262.8

Solar Energy Consumption (kWh)

0.96 Cellar 1.44 Ground floor First Floor Second Floor 0.75 Third Floor 0.24 0.24

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Energy usage by different lab equipments in the Al-Ameen College

Power Energy Rating Hours of use Consumption per Location Instrument (W) per day Day Energy Consumption per Year Hot Oven 1500 3 4.5 1642.5 Chemistry Electric Bunsen 600 3 1.8 657 Lab Kinetic Viscometer Bath 45 6 0.27 98.55 Centrifuge 250 0.28 0.07 25.55 Hot Air Oven 1000 0.28 0.28 102.2 Research Muffle Furnace 2000 0.02 0.04 14.6 Lab Magnetic Stirrer 1020 0.57 0.5814 212.211 Magnetic Stirrer 1020 0.57 0.5814 212.211 Incubator Shaker 500 0.065 0.0325 11.8625 Magnetic Stirrer 300 0.03 0.009 3.285 Centrifuge 250 0.0821 0.0205 7.4825 Induction Cooker 1800 0.42 0.756 275.94 Electrophoresis Biotech Lab Power Supply 75 0.008 0.0006 0.219 Microwave Oven 1150 0.05 0.0575 20.9875 Hot Air Oven 1200 1 1.2 438 Autoclave 1500 0.28 1.68 613.2 Autoclave 6000 0.14 0.21 76.65 Distillation Unit 4000 1 4 1460 16.0889 5872.4485 TOTAL

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The highest amount of energy is utilised in the first floor followed by Hostel, while considering per day consumption rate. The first floor consist of class rooms, administrative room, strong room, exam halls, labs, principal’s room, staff room, managers room, board room, mini seminar hall, IQAC, etc. It is the major working area of the college, thus the consumption rate is higher. There is more number of CFL Bulbs, in the floor. LED Bulbs are more energy-efficient and contribute to reduction in Green House Gas (GHG) emission. They are cost-effective, efficient, mercury free, durable and long lasting. Replacing the tubelights and CFLs with LED Bulbs can cut short the level of energy consumption to a great extend. Mercury lamps, halogen lamps, CFL, LED bulbs are used inside the campus, all these forms accounts for energy conservation.

A good practice of energy conservation found in the college premises is the use of solar energy. The college has four panels each of 1kWp solar powered source points. The total units powered by solar energy per year are about 181.5 units. The solar energy is powered in the cellar, first floor, second floor and third floor of the campus, with the highest consumption in the Cellar. Solar energy is mainly utilised for lighting tubes, but in the third floor fans are also powered by solar energy along with tubelights. There are 11 ordinary tubelights, 3 LED tubelight and 2 fans working using solar energy. Replacing with this natural form of energy in the entire campus can reduce the total energy consumption rate, as well as the pollution levels.

A total of 1073.1 units per year is the usage of electricity for outside lighting purpose. The location wise analysis of lighting expenses outside the buildings area showed that the highest use in the main building of the campus followed by the watchman’s room. A daily average use of 89 units of electricity was recorded inside the buildings for lighting purpose alone. The daily use of electricity for the working of various equipment’s in the college accounts for 536.47 units and yearly it reaches up to 194342 units of electricity. Naturally the highest use owes to equipment in the college.

The yearly consumption of energy by different lab equipments is 5872.44, many of the equipments are not used on a daily basis*.

The per capita average energy consumption per year in the college is 201058.47 units per year.

There are 349 tube lights are still in use in the college. Interestingly there are 182 CFL and 246 LED Lamps in the college.

*(Many of them are not considered because the power ratings are missing in the given data.)

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4.6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The energy audit of the Al-Ameen College revealed that the highest energy use in the college is in first floor, followed by annex and least in mosque. This usage is mainly owes to the usage of air conditioners. However, the energy usage is relatively low in hostel. The usage pattern of ceiling fans also significantly contributes to the high cost of electricity. The age and condition of fans also should be checked. This should be regulated and significant reduction is possible. The outdoor energy use can be significantly reduced by using solar lamps in all such areas. It is important to save about 350 units per year by this measure.

The indoor lighting is dominated by tube lights and LEDs. It is high time to replace all tube lights with LED lamps which will give an energy savings of about 90000 units of electricity per year (50% of the current usage). In the case of equipments and instruments the usage pattern should be checked. The energy ratings of the equipments also should be rechecked and ECM elements should be included in future purchases. An energy conservation education campaign should be conducted in the college covering all staffs, students and teachers.

A second round of energy audit should be conducted after the implementation of suggested conservation measures. This will transform the Al-Ameen College campus into a true Green campus.

5. WATER AUDIT

5.1. INTRODUCTION

Water audits provide an enjoyable educational way for students to examine the ways that they use water every day, and to encourage classmates, teachers and college administrators to make their college more water-efficient and cost-effective. By completing the project, students and college staff learnt about the amount of water that is consumed in the college for activities including washing hands, drinking, in the laboratories, watering landscaped areas and flushing toilets and urinals. From the results obtained, students and staffs will consider better ways to improve water conservation throughout the building and on college campus.

5.2. AIM

To find out the usage pattern and conservation of water in the Al-Ameen College campus.

5.3. OBJECTIVES

 To find out the pattern of water use in the Al-Ameen College campus  To find out the quantity of water wastage in the Al-Ameen College campus  To suggest remedial measures and water conservation practices

5.4. METHODOLOGY

The study was conducted during the period July 1st 2019 to August 31st 2019. After getting orientation about Green audit, students were divided into groups and conducted mock audit. For the study, the students were further divided into several groups consisting of 2-3 members. They observed the type, condition, leak in each source points and noted them. They also collected the details of capacity of the water tanks in the college and also observed the amount of water released from different types of taps, coolers and filters .The data was tabulated and analyzed.

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5.5. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

The data on water usage pattern of the Al-Ameen College campus was estimated through a systematic and time-bound survey. The total water usage data is given in. The highest quantity of per day water usage was observed in Hostel followed by ground floor and annex. The highest use of water was observed in hostel. During weekdays around 149 people use the water in the campus. There are 2 leaking taps in third floor, 2 in the outdoor area. The outdoor area the water is used for gardening, in the play area (football court, etc), Canteen, etc. As usual the major portion of water is used in the canteen area. There is also a pond in the campus for getting water. **

Water usage by different locations in the Al-Ameen College

Time required to Average Average time fill one litre Number of Rate of number of used per Total Daily Location No. of Equipments (sec) times discharge people using head (sec) Usage Cellar 57 97.06 8 4.75 354 2 26904 Ground Floor 48 149.34 8 8.29 479 2 63534.56 Annex 47 145.51 9 9.706 840 0.75 55033.02 First Floor 33 175.09 12 7.95 454 0.75 32483.7 Second Floor 32 111.82 10 7.454 600 0.529 23659 Third Floor 29 88.57 8 7.38 39 4.025 9267.804 Mosque 24 18 3 7 83 2 3486 Hostel 70 128.85 6 6.445 500 30 580050

Daily Uasge

3% Cellar 8% Ground Floor 7% Annex 4% 3% First Floor 1% 1% Second Floor Third Floor 73% Mosque Hostel

The least quantity of water is used in the Mosque and third floor. And also the water usage of girl’s toilet is higher than the of the boy’s toilet, while considering each floor. The college ladies hostel has approximately 80 inhabitants In the hostel, ground floor mainly consist of kitchen, mess area, washing area outside ,few dormitories, common bathroom and toilet, warden room etc. Hostel has 2 bore wells from which a total 0f 5 water tanks are filled .Two tanks are of 1500 litre capacity each and once filled in a day .Other three tanks are of 2000 litre capacity and filled twice a day. Hostel also has water connection and another 100 litre tank is daily filled according to use. The major portion of water is used in the kitchen and washing in the hostel.

Water usage in the Al-Ameen College Hostel

Average Time Use Quantity Per Head Taken

Washing clothes 40 litres 25mt:32s Bathing 40 litres 15 m:10s Brushing 5 litres 5 m 23 s Namas 2 litres 41 s Washing plate 1.5 litres 52 s

Cleaning one bathroom 40 litres 20 m:14 s Kitchen Usage 30 litres 17 m:10 s For Washing vegetables 31 litres 17 m:10 s Washing Rice 50 litres 26 m:54s

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5.6. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS The water audit is an effective method to assess the water usage pattern and estimate the quantity the used in the college. Besides, it provides scientific measures to improve the water conservation preventing the water loss and lazy usage habits.

The water audit conducted in the Al-Ameen College campus revealed that the water usage pattern in the college is moderate and there is very little loss of water taking place in the college due to leaking.

The per capita usage of water and the duration of water consumption are the highest in hostel. Students should learn to conserve the water by minimizing the usage, especially for bathing.

The water is properly managed and preserved, but certain leakages are there which need to be repaired. The students are keeping regular vigil on water usage and methods such as generating awareness of water conservation through banners and posters. Need for regular discussions among the group members for bringing new methods and ways for conserving water in and around the campus.

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6. BIODIVERSITY AUDIT

The biodiversity audit is conducted to analyze the present biodiversity status of the college and to propose plans to enhance the existing biodiversity. Following the audit, students have identified the floral and faunal diversity at the college surroundings through transect and quadrant methods. It provides students with hands on experience outside the classroom; their observational and identification skills will be improved identifying different flora and fauna. The random number of observation walks conducted during the last couple of months enabled the student community classify the rich biodiversity around them that provides the right ambience to pursue higher learning. The results indicate presence of higher floral diversity against limited space availability. However, the faunal diversity is moderate. A planned greening programme will make the campus richer including more native organisms. 6.1. AIM To conduct a biodiversity audit of the Al-Ameen College campus and propose areas of improvement

6.2. OBJECTIVES  To identify the floral and faunal diversity of the college campus  To impart scientific temperament and culture among the students through participatory research methods  To propose suggestions to enhance biodiversity of the college campus

6.3. METHODOLOGY A baseline survey of flora and fauna at the college campus was conducted. The total area of the college campus is 25.27 Acre. This area is divided mainly into two plots- Plot I and Plot II. The plot I has the total area of 14.73 Acre, all the buildings, various activity areas, and special biodiversity areas planted by the students are located in this plot. The plot II has a total area of 10.56 Acre and it consists mainly the farming area.

The study was conducted during the period July 1st 2019 to August 31st 2019. A batch of 40 students from biodiversity club were assigned with the audit and specific areas were surveyed them and the flora of the campus was identified.

The data was recorded in tabular sheets and converted into master charts to be analyzed.

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6.4. DISCUSSION

Floral Diversity of Al- Ameen College Campus

Sl No Scientific Name Common Name/Local Name Type Herb (H)/ Shrub (S)/ Tree (T)/ Climber (C) 1. Tectona grandis Teak T 2. Macaranga peltata Macaranga T 3. Madhuca Longifolia Indian Butter Tree T 4. Mesua ferrea Iron Wood T 5. Psidium guajava Guava T 6. Aegle marmelos L Stone Apple T 7. Syzygium aromaticum All Spice T 8. Ficus microcarpa Laurel Fig T 9. Flacourtia montana Mountain Plum T 10. Vitex negundo Five-Leaved Chaste Tree T 11. Citrus sp. Citrus T 12. Wrightia tinctoria Pala Indigo Plant T 13. Mangifera indica Mango Tree T 14. Azadirachta indica Neem T 15. Ficus racemosa Indian Fig Tree T 16. Alpinia calcarata Snap Ginger H 17. Syzygium cumini Black Plum T 18. Calotropis gigantea Giant Milkweed S 19. Willow Leaved Justicia H Justicia gendarussa 20. Ficus benghalensis Banyan Tree T 21. Ficus religiosa Peepal Tree T 22. Myxopyrum serratulum Myxopyrum C 23. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Hibiscus H 24. Caesalpinia sappan Indian Red Wood S 25. Morus alba Mulberry S 26. Pterocarpus santalinus Red Sandalwood T 27. Mitragyna parvifolia True Kadamb T 28. Bauhinia purpurea Red Orchid Tree T 29. Simarouba glauca Paradise Tree T 30. Phyllanthus emblica Indian Gooseberry T 31. Pongamia pinnata Pongamia T 32. Pterocarpus marsupium Indian Kino Tree T 33. Baliospermum montanum Baliospermum S 34. Pavetta indica Indian Pavetta S 35. Plumbago indica Linn Scarlet Lead Wort S 36. Murraya koenigii Curry Leaf T 37. Punica granatum Pomegranate T 38. Syzygium samarangense Bell Fruit T 39. Myristica fragrans Nutmeg T 40. Bacopa monnieri Indian Pennywort H

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41. Eclipta prostrata False Daisy H 42. Centella asiatica Asiatic Pennywort H 43. Phyllanthus niruri Stonebreaker H 44. Justicia adhatoda Malabar Nut S 45. Aloe vera Aloe H 46. Aerva lanata Mountain Knot H 47. Rauvolfia serpentine Rauvolfia H 48. Ricinus communis. Castor Oil Plant. S 49. Ocimum tenuiflorum Ocimum H 50. Boerhavia diffusa Spreading Hogweed H 51. Curcuma longa Turmeric H 52. Hemidesmus indicus Indian Sarsaparilla H 53. Indigofera tinctoria True Indigo S 54. Kaempferia galanga Aromatic Ginger H 55. Piper longum Long Pepper C 56. Sida cordifolia Common Sida H 57. Zingiber officinale Ginger H 58. Saraca asoca Ashoka Tree T 59. Averrhoa bilimbi. Bilimbi T 60. Terminalia chebula Chebulic Myrobalan T 61. Terminalia bellirica Bellaric Myrobalan T 62. Annona squamosa Custard Apple T 63. Asparagus racemosus Climbing Asparagus C 64. Clitoria ternatea Butterfly Pea C 65. Plectranthus amboinicus Indian Borage H 66. Lawsonia inermis Henna T 67. Ixora coccinea Ixora S 68. Jasminum officinale Jasmine C 69. Cypripedioideae Lady's Slipper Orchid H 70. Rhynchostylis retusa Foxtail Orchid H 71. Bauhinia variegata Orchid Tree T 72. Plumeria rubra Red Jasmine T 73. Tagetes erecta Marigold H 74. Nelumbo nucifera Lotus H 75. Rhododendron campanulatum Pink Rhododendron T 76. Butea monosperma Flame Of Forest T 77. Lilium candidum Madonna Lilly H 78. Lagerstroemia speciosa Giant Crape Mirtle T 79. Lilium mackliniae Siroi Lily H 80. Renanthera imschootiana Red Vanda H 81. Rhododendron arboreum Rhododendron S 82. Gladiolus grandiflorus Gladiolus S 83. Tecomella undulata Tecomella S 84. Cymbidium goeringii Noble Orchid S 85. Gloriosa superba Glory Lily S 86. Senna auriculata Tanners Senna S

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87. Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Night-Flowering Jasmine T 88. Achyranthus aspera Chaff Flower H 89. Acacia catechu Black Catechu T 90. Calotropis procera Calotropis H 91. Imperata cylindrica Cogon Grass H 92. Prosopis cineraria Khejri Tree T 93. Cynodon dactylon Bermuda Grass H 94. Nephelium lappaceum Rambutan T 95. Adenanthera pavonina Circassian Tree T 96. Cassia fistula Golden Shower Tree T 97. Spondias pinnata Wild Mango T 98. Strychnos nux-vomica Poison Nut T 99. Carica papaya Papaya S 100. Magnolia champaca Champak T 101. Mimusops elengi Bullet Wood Tree T 102. Lanneacoromandelica Indian Ash Tree T 103. Oroxylum indicum Broken Bones Tree T 104. Caryota urens Toddy Palm T 105. Olea dioica Rose Sandal Wood T 106. Solidago canadensis Common Goldenrod H 107. Euonymus japonicas Evergreen Spindle H 108. Ficus benjamina Weeping Fig T 109. Ligustrum vulgare Wild Privet H 110. Heliconia psittacorum Parrot's Flower H 111. Lantana camara Lantana S 112. Mirabilis jalapa Four O'clock Flower H 113. Adiantum pedatum Northern Maidenhair Fern H 114. Ixora coccinea Jungle Geranium H 115. Solanum villosum Hairy Nightshade H 116. Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsettia H 117. Prunus laurocerasus Cherry Laurel H 118. Portulaca grandiflora Rose Moss H 119. Rhododendron ferrugineum Alpine Rose H 120. Mentha spicata Garden Mint H 121. Impatiens balsamina Garden Balsam H 122. Cordyline fruticosa Ti Plant H 123. Cyperus papyrus Paper Reed H 124. Acacia mangium Manjiyam T 125. Pouteria campechiana Canistel H 126. Trema orientalis Pigeon Wood T 127. Samanea saman Rain Tree T 128. Wrightia arborea Woolly Dyeing Rosebay T 129. Tinospora cordifolia Heart-Leaved Moonseed S 130. Bombax cieba Cotton Tree T 131. Santalum album Sandal Wood Tree T 132. Careya arborea Slow Match Tree T

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Faunal Diversity of Al- Ameen College Campus

Sl. No. Scientific Name Common Name 1. Cuculus canorus Asian Koel 2. Dinopium bengalensis Black-Rumped Flame Back 3. Corvus splendens House Crow 4. Oriolus kundoo Black Hooded Oriole 5. Psittacula krameri Rose Ringed Parakeet 6. Merops orientalis Green Bee-Eater 7. Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal 8. Acridotheres tristis Common Myna 9. Columba livia Rock Pigeon 10. Corvus macrorhyichos culminatus Large Billed Crow 11 Merops leschenaulti Chestnut Headed Bee-Eater 12 Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird 13 Nectarinia zeilonick Purple Rumped Sunbird 14 Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron 15 Pycnonotus cafer cafer Red Vented Bulbul 16 Phala crocrox niger Little Cormorant 17 Dendrocitta vagahunda parvula Rufous Treepie 18 Robin copsychus cely lonensin Oriented Magpie Robin 19 Turdoides affinis Yellow Billed Babbler 20 Trades Minons Southern Bird Wing 21 Papilio clytia clytia Common Mime 22 Papilio demoleus demoleus Lime Butterfly 23 Papilio polymnestor polymnestor Blue Murmon 24 Catopsilia pomona pomona Common Emigrant 25 Castalius rosimon Common Pierrot 26 Eurema hecabe hecabe Common Grass Yellow 27 Delias eucharis Common Jezebel 28 Orsotriaena medus mandata Nigger 29 Acraca violac Tawny Coster 30 Cirrochroa thais thais Tamil Yeoman 31 Mycalesis perseus tabitha Common Bush Brown 32 Junonia iphita iphita Chocalate Pansy 33 Junonia atlites atlites Grey Pansy 34 Hypolimnas bolina jacintha Great Egg Fly 35 Tirumala limniace exoticus Blue Tiger 36 Danaus chrysippus chrysippus Plain Tiger 37 Euploca corecore Common Indian Crow 38 Ictinogomphus rapax Common Clubtail 39 Acisoma panorpoides Trumpet Tail 40 Aethriamanta brevipennis Scarlet Marsh Hawk 41 Brachythemis contaminata Ditch Jewel 42 Bradinopyga geminata Granite Ghost 43 Neurothemis tullia Paddy Skimmer 44 Orthetrum sabina Green Marsh Hawk

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45 Pantala flavescens Wandering Glider 46 Orthetrum chrysis. Red Marsh Hawk Dragonfly 47 Coptotermes formosanus Termites 48 Dysphania percota Blue Tiger Moth 49 Apis cerena indica Honey Bee 50 Diplopoda spp. Common Millipede 51 Harpaphe haydeniana Yellow Spotted Millipede 52 Argiope anasuja Signature Spider 53 Neoscona rumpfi Thorell 54 Hersilia savigly spacelucas Tree Spider 55 Cheiracanthium Yellow Sac Spider 56 Peucetia viridans Green Lynx Spider 57 Plexippus sctipes Spider 58 Camponotus pennsylvanicus Black Carpenter Ants 59 Lampropholi guichenoti Common Garden Skink 60 hemidactylus frenatus Common House Gecko 61 Funambulus palmarum Indian Palm Squirrel 62 Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard 63 Pandinus Imperator Scorpion 64 Melanochelys trijuga Indian Black Turtle 65 Oecophylla smargdina Weaver Ant 66 Anoplolepis gracilipes Yellow Crazy Ant 67 Tetramorium spp. Pavement Ant 68 Myrmicaria brunnea Common Hunchback 69 Monomorium spp. Pharaoh’s Ant. 70 Rhagonycha fulva Common Red Soldier Beetle 71 Lampyridae spp. Lightning Bugs 72 Tenebrionidae coleoptera Luprops Beetle 73 Achatina fulica African Giant Snail 74 Melanoplus differentials Grass Hopper 75 Mantis religiosa Praying Mantis 76 Musca domestica House Fly

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As per the biodiversity audit conducted by the students the college has about 132 species of flora and 76 species of fauna. The diversity of trees is significantly higher in the college campus. The campus has rich diversity of garden plants as well as orchids. The diversity of campus is much better; there is native as well as exotic species of flora in the campus. A planned effort to make green the nook and corners of the campus to improve the diversity at all levels has been started in the campus. The floral diversity is moderate; however, it can be improved by adding more native species. Besides, by creating thematic gardens the green areas of the campus could be converted into an aesthetic as well as educational hub of the college. The college has its own Butterfly garden, Planet Garden, Herbal Garden, Shanthisthal, State flower garden. All these are part of the college authorities’ effort to make students and public aware about different flora and their value is our day-to-day lives. This is a great effort from the college. It can be improved by increasing the number of native trees, shrubs in these gardens.

Thematic gardens include nectarine flowering plants for butterflies (butterfly garden), increasing the varieties of endemic medicinal plants (medicinal garden), fruit trees for birds and insects (fruit tree garden), plants representing the 27 zodiac signs of Malayalam astrology (Star garden), bamboo garden and vegetable garden. It will also inculcate conservation attitude among others.

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6.5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The biodiversity audit was completed partially and the data collection was not done systematically as it facilitates calculation of biodiversity indices. Being students, there are limitations to identify plants and animals during a short span of study period. In the case of fauna, the survey was not completely done. Besides the estimation techniques are not employed scientifically. However, a basic understanding on the biodiversity of the Al- Ameen College campus obtained through this survey which will on the other hand improves the knowledge and skills of the students and their passion for nature. More systematic survey including few experts should be conducted in the next phase.

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7. CONCLUSION Green audit in the Al-Ameen College was conducted as a tool to enhance its sustainable development by adopting necessary management and conservation strategies. By analyzing the results of present state of the energy, water and biodiversity audit, suggestions and recommendations are provided to reduce their anti-environmental activities, to adopt energy and water conservation measures, and strategies to improve the biodiversity of the campus.

The green auditing conducted from July 2019 to November 2019 was the first auditing performed in the Al-Ameen College. The pioneering green audit in the college is successfully completed. The inputs collected during the study can be used in further research activities.

After the initial study, TIES suggests that similar green auditing programmes should be conducted every year for the improvement of overall environmental performance of the college. Gradually, sustainable resource utilization can be achieved within a period of 4 years.

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In Collaboration with:

TROPICAL INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES Ecological Research Campus,K.K.Road, Velloor P.O., Kottayam, 686 501.Kerala, India. Tel- + 09497290339. E.mail : [email protected]; www.ties.org.in Approved Research Centre, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam.