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Land South of Paxcroft Mead, East Trowbridge, Wiltshire

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Land South of Paxcroft Mead, East Trowbridge, Wiltshire LAND SOUTH OF PAXCROFT MEAD, EAST TROWBRIDGE, WILTSHIRE Phase 1 Archaeological Assessment Prepared for: Cooper Partnership 127 Hampton Road Redland BRISTOL BS6 6JE By Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park SALISBURY Wiltshire SP4 6EB Report reference: 53579.02 July 2003 © The Trust for Wessex Archaeology Limited 2003, all rights reserved The Trust for Wessex Archaeology Limited is a Registered Charity No. 287786 LAND SOUTH OF PAXCROFT MEAD, EAST TROWBRIDGE, WILTSHIRE Phase 1 Archaeological Assessment Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................1 1.1 Project background......................................................................................1 1.2 The Site: location, topography and geology ................................................1 1.3 Legislative and planning background ..........................................................2 1.4 Archaeological and historical background...................................................3 2 METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................4 2.1 Introduction..................................................................................................4 2.2 Sites and Monuments Records.....................................................................4 2.3 Air photographs............................................................................................4 2.4 Cartographic and other sources....................................................................5 2.5 Best practice guidance .................................................................................5 2.6 Assumptions.................................................................................................5 2.7 Presentation of results ..................................................................................5 3 RESULTS.............................................................................................................6 3.1 Bronze Age (c. 2400-700 BC) .....................................................................6 3.2 Romano-British (c. AD 43-410) ..................................................................6 3.3 Medieval (c. AD 1066-1499).......................................................................6 3.4 Post-medieval (c. AD 1500-1799) ...............................................................6 3.5 Modern (c. AD 1800 - present)....................................................................7 3.6 Undated ........................................................................................................7 3.7 The historic landscape..................................................................................7 3.8 Summary ......................................................................................................7 4 CONCLUSIONS..................................................................................................8 4.1 Constraints on development.........................................................................8 4.2 Further archaeological work ........................................................................8 REFERENCES............................................................................................................10 APPENDICES.............................................................................................................11 Appendix 1: Gazetteer of archaeological and historical sites and findspots.......11 FIGURES Figure 1: Site location map showing archaeological sites and findspots Figure 2: Map regression 1840 and 1841 tithe maps Figure 3: Map regression 1890 - 1920 LAND SOUTH OF PAXCROFT MEAD, EAST TROWBRIDGE, WILTSHIRE Phase 1 Archaeological Assessment Summary Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Cooper Partnership, on behalf of Persimmon Homes, to undertake a Phase 1 Archaeological Assessment of land south of Paxcroft Mead, East Trowbridge, Wiltshire (the Site). The Assessment is to be used in the development of a Master Plan and the preparation of an Environmental Statement. The Site, which covers an area of c. 65 hectares centred on National Grid Reference 3875 1575, is allocated in the West Wiltshire District Local Plan First Alteration Revised Deposit (November 2000) for residential development and associated infrastructure, including to the south a Country Park. No archaeological sites or findspots that can be definitely dated to the medieval or preceding periods were found within the Site. A small settlement was recorded on a map of 18th century date and detail was provided in the mid 19th century tithe maps of two adjoining parishes. This hamlet had gone by the later part of the 19th century, possibly through natural depopulation or deliberate clearance as part of the establishment of a formal landscape attached to Rood Ashton Park. The tree-lined avenue leading to the house crossed through the centre of the Site and elements of this still survive. In the north-eastern part of the Site a linear feature has been recorded on aerial photographs as a bank or ditch. This may be a former boundary associated with the long-established woodland that has only recently been cleared. The overall potential for archaeological remains is low and nothing of archaeological significance has been identified which would represent a constraint on development. However, the surviving elements of the tree-lined avenue crossing the central part of the Site may be deemed to have some significance in terms of local history and landscape development. A programme of further archaeological investigation will be required prior to (and possibly during) construction. This programme should be a staged approach of evaluation followed by mitigation as appropriate. It is considered that this programme of evaluation should be carried out prior to construction, but subsequent to determination of the application. i Acknowledgements This report was commissioned by Cooper Partnership acting for Persimmon Homes. Wessex Archaeology is grateful to staff of the Wiltshire County Council Sites and Monuments Record, and the Wiltshire Record Office, Trowbridge, and the National Monuments Record Air Photographs Library, Swindon, for their assistance. The project was managed for Wessex Archaeology by Mick Rawlings. This report was researched and compiled by Andrew Powell. The illustrations were prepared by Marie Leverett. ii LAND SOUTH OF PAXCROFT MEAD, EAST TROWBRIDGE, WILTSHIRE Phase 1 Archaeological Assessment 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project background 1.1.1 Wessex Archaeology was commissioned by Cooper Partnership, on behalf of Persimmon Homes, to undertake a Phase 1 Archaeological Assessment of land south of Paxcroft Mead, East Trowbridge, Wiltshire (the Site). The Assessment is to be used in the development of a master plan and the preparation of an Environmental Statement. 1.1.2 The Site, which covers an area of c. 65 hectares of land centred on National Grid Reference 3875 1575 (Figure 1), is allocated in the West Wiltshire District Local Plan First Alteration Revised Deposit (November 2000) for residential development and associated infrastructure, including to the south a Country Park. 1.1.3 The aim of the study is to collate the known archaeological and historical information about the site by reviewing existing data sources and reports, and to assess the potential for undiscovered archaeological remains. 1.2 The Site: location, topography and geology 1.2.1 The Site is on the eastern edge of the present built development of Trowbridge, on land between Green Lane to the north and West Ashton Road to the south-west. The Site mostly comprises arable farmland with some small pasture fields, and with the buildings of Green Lane Farm on the northern side. There is also a scrap metal yard accessed by a lane to the west of the farm. The Site is bounded to the east by ancient woods, currently the Green Lane Wood Local Nature Reserve, to the north-west by a modern housing development and a rugby ground, and elsewhere by further farmland. 1.2.2 The Site lies on largely flat or gently sloping ground at a height of c. 40-46m AOD, and is cut by the Blackball Brook, a westward flowing tributary of the River Biss. A tributary of the Brook to the south forms the boundary of the proposed Country Park. 1.2.3 The underlying basal geology of the Site is Oxford Clay, with overlying alluvium along the course of the river and its tributaries. The soils are of the Denchworth Association comprising seasonally waterlogged clayey soils. To the north of the Site are bands of Forest Marble Clay and Cornbrash (limestone), the latter producing relatively light and fertile soils. 1 1.3 Legislative and planning background National guidelines: 1.3.1 The principal legislation concerning protection of important archaeological sites comprises the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 (as amended). Guidance on the identification and protection of historic buildings, conservation areas, historic parks and gardens and other elements of the historic environment is provided by Planning Policy Guidance Note 15: Planning and the Historic Environment (PPG 15) issued by the Department of the Environment in September 1994. 1.3.2 Guidance on the importance, management and safeguarding of the archaeological resource within the planning process is provided by Planning Policy Guidance Note 16: Archaeology and Planning (PPG 16) issued by the Department of the Environment in November 1990. The underlying principle
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