CAR CLUB STRATEGY DECEMBER 2016 0 Contents

Introduction Operators’ Perspective

The Case for Car Clubs Grey Fleets

WestTrans Car Club Vision and Objectives Achieving Car Club Growth

Types of Car Club Proposed Growth Targets

Current Situation Issues and Barriers

Potential Demand Recommendations and Actions

Organisations and References 1 Introduction

About car clubs • Growth in the sharing economy – such as cycle hire, London’s doing less well when it comes to ULEVs in car car clubs, car sharing, and a blurring of how transport is clubs, comprising less than 4% of the London car club fleet, A car club provides its members with flexible access to the use of a pool of vehicles 24/7. Vehicles are parked owned and operated with operations such as Uber. compared to around 13% on average in the global car club on or off-street, close to homes or workplaces and can fleet (Frost & Sullivan). This is chiefly due to difficulties in be used and paid for by the minute, hour, day or week • Electric vehicles have finally come of age to play a full delivering the on-street charging infrastructure in London, including costs such as insurance and maintenance. part in this new smart mobility landscape. and the complexity of London’s 33 boroughs each with Smart Mobility differing parking policies. Car clubs are the vanguard of a much wider trend towards Car clubs in London smart mobility. Smart mobility, also referred to as The car club sector has experienced rapid growth globally intelligent mobility or mobility as a service, represents as the trends towards smart mobility intensifies. potentially the greatest evolution in transport since the mass production of the motor car. It is the culmination of There are now over 5.3 million users of car clubs globally, a number rapidly evolving disruptive technologies, policy, and this figure is projected to rise to over 26m by 2020. socio-demographics and lifestyle trends, including: London is in a leading position, with 165,000 members (84% of the UK total), and is Europe’s largest single market • Declining car ownership – particularly amongst the for car clubs based on membership (Frost & Sullivan), with younger generations. Attitudes towards, and the usage of, recorded growth of 47% in car club memberships between cars in cities are evolving. Car ownership is very expensive, 2012 and 2015. and inner city parking scarce – yet typically a UK car is parked 96.5%¹ of the time. In May 2015 the Car Club Coalition of industry operators (endorsed by TfL) published ‘A Car Club Strategy for • Rejuvenated cities and the connected generation with London’, and aims to increase members from 165,000 to a different relationship to transport, and more health 1 million by 2025, with 10,000 car club vehicles (1 per 100 conscious, travel savvy and increasingly multi-modal. members).

TfL’s Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) Delivery Plan • Accessing transport on-demand that best fits the (July 2015) subsequently set a target for 50% of the London requirement of each trip, and on a pay-as-you-go basis. car club fleet to be ULEVs by 2025, which equates to 5,000 ULEVs.

• 3 1 Introduction - Purpose of the Strategy

About WestTrans This strategy has been developed in response to WestTrans is a partnership formed of the publication of the Car Club Coalitions the six West London boroughs of: ‘A Car Club Strategy for London‘ (published May • Ealing 2015), to consider the role of car clubs within the • Brent WestTrans partnership area, understand the benefits, • Hammersmith & Fulham and translate the London wide growth aspirations • Harrow into a West London specific target for growth. • Hillingdon In developing the strategy we have investigated: • Hounslow

• The benefits of car clubs WestTrans works with Transport for London • Current car club membership and recent growth to identify, develop and implement transport projects to the benefit of the subregion. • The current distribution of car club supply and demand • Consulted with ten car club operators • Innovations including one-way models and electric vehicles • Future scenarios and implications for policy achievement • Developed recommendations for West London boroughs to implement that will both grow the car club market and shape this growth for the benefit of people living and working in West London. WestTrans CARS ARE PARKED Inner London 96% OF THE TIME Outer London

• 1 2 The Case for Car Clubs

Behaviour Change Air Quality and Emissions Promote Sustainable Travel

Counterintuitive as it might seem car clubs Car clubs are greener than privately Car clubs are part of the sustainable transport mix and = less car driving owned cars play a part in promoting non-car travel

• Car club members exhibit behaviour change, making • Car club cars are less polluting than the average • Car club members are more likely to use a wide range fewer trips with some selling their cars or deferring private car. of more sustainable modes of travel. private car ownership. • Conventionally fuelled car club vehicles have 33% • 60% of car club members use the underground • Car club members drive less and own fewer private cars lower emissions than London fleet average. regularly, compared to 40% of Londoners. than the average Londoner, reducing parking pressure. • 78% of the London car club fleet are in the lowest 3. • Pay as you go model encourages users to only use a car • Joining a car club reduces annual car mileage by 750 emission bands compared to 17% of the UK fleet occasionally, whereas a car owner is more incentivised to miles even when accounting for those who did not • A growth in the proportion of ultra low emission make use of the car having already paid. previously drive using car clubs. (electric vehicles and hybrids) will mean car clubs are • Encourages take-up of low emission vehicles and the greener still. roll out of charge points, and normalises their use.

Growing evidence of a reduction in distance travelled by car amongst Car Club Members Reduced Demand for Parking Facilitate Sustainable Growth

Car Club Reduction in Source • On average privately owned cars are idle and • 15% of car club members sold or disposed of their Model Type Distance Travel by Car parked 96% of the time, occupying vast areas of car in the last year. roadspace. • Across London, car club members have sold 25,000 Round Trip CarPlus Annual 37% Members Survey 2014/15 • Car clubs reduce private car ownership and cars in the last year which would fill 50 football demand for parking. pitches. One-Way 6T Autolib study 11% Members (2014)

Sources: • Carplus Annual Survey 2015/16 (London) • Frost & Sullivan • RAC Foundation • 2 3 WestTrans Car Club Vision and Objectives

We believe that West London should take full advantage of car clubs as part of the sustainable transport ... Where car clubs are a ... Where car clubs are an ... Where car clubs are a mix to help enable mainstream mode of transport easy-to-use and accessible complementary mode of mode of transport transport sustainable growth across the subregion.

Our Objectives 2016 2025 Benefits

• Increase sustainable transport options • Reduction in private cars • Increase accessibility of owned: 30,000 car clubs 322 car club cars 2,000 car club cars • Reduction in traffic: • Relieve parking pressure up to 2.1% (through lower car ownership) • Reduction in C02: up to 1.4% • Reduce road congestion 0% Electric 50% Electric • Reduction in NOx 0.5% • Improve local air quality • Reduction in PM10: 0.2% • Promote Low Emission Vehicles • Growth in electric vehicles 16,500 car 200,000 car club members club members and the supporting charging infrastructure

Sources: • Carplus Annual Survey 2015/16 (London) • A Car Club Strategy for London 2015 (facilitated by TfL)

• 3 4 Types of Car Club

Main Operators with Recent Types of car club operators Electric Vehicles (EVs) developments

Round-trip • Zipcar • Enterprise acquired City Car Club in 2015 • City Car Club • Co-wheels have recently expanded operations into London, with a particular • Co-wheels • E-car (all EVs) focus on Outer London • E-Car • Zipcar (PHEVs) • Improvements to Source London EV charging network • GoDrive • Peer-to-peer models are currently operating in West London • Hertz 24/7 (EasyCar Club, Rentacarlo, Ridelink) Return car to pick-up bay

Fixed one-way • Bolloré • Bolloré (all EVs) • GoDrive public launch April 2015 • GoDrive • GoDrive (some EVs) • Bolloré are now responsible for managing Source London EV charging network. Car club launch planned for 2016

Drive one-way to specific pre-booked bays/ hubs, like the Cycle Hire Scheme

Floating one-way • DriveNow, • DriveNow (some EVs) • DriveNow launched in London November 2014. • Car2Go • Car2Go Currently operating in four boroughs. • GoDrive (not currently in UK) Not currently operating in West London. • GoDrive (some EVs) • Car2Go exited the London market in 2014 • GoDrive operating floating one-way in Islington, May 2016 • ZipCar began operating a floating car club in Brussels in September 2016 Drive one-way to any bay within a designated area

Key Car Club parking bay Designated operating area for floating one-way car clubs • 4 5 Current Situation CurrentWEST car club TRANS bay locations REGION in West London

Car clubs in West London There are currently three round-trip car Over the last three years car club growth clubs operating from on-street bays in rates have been significantly higher in West Harrow West London, with a total of over 16,000 London than London as a whole. car club members. • Car Club Car Growth: Car club provision in West London 21% in WesTrans area, compared to is focused to the east of the region, 2% for Greater London particularly in Hammersmith and Fulham, • Car Club Membership Growth: Brent Brent and Ealing. 75% in WestTrans compared to 47% for Greater London There are currently no electric vehicles or Hillingdon plug in hybrid electric vehicles within the

West London car club fleets. Ealing Current car club operators in West London Hammersmith Car Club Operators Total and Fulham Total car car club Borough Zipcar City Car Club Hertz club cars members Ealing � � � 89 4,314 Hounslow Brent � � 124 3,746 H&F � � 71 6,100 Harrow � � 3 363 Hillingdon � � 5 204 Hounslow � � 30 1,773 Bay locations WestTrans � � � 322 16,500

Source: Carplus Annual Survey 2015/16 (London) Ordnance Survey data © Crown Copyright and database right 2014. Cartography by Steer Davies Gleave 2015 0 1 2 3 4 5 km

Bay Locations

• 5 MAP LAYERS 6 Potential Demand Car club potential demand heat map Car club potential This map shows the potential demand for car clubs in west London. It is based on an A number of factors influence car club analysis of seven sets of data: demand in a given area? Each of these layers combine to create the adjacent • Public Transport Accessibility Level heat map. people living in areas with good public transport are more likely to use car clubs • Travel to work by car people who do Key determinants of car club demand not drive to work are more likely to use Population Population with a high car clubs demographics propensity to use car clubs • Controlled Parking Zones (CPZs) people Population density High population density are more likely to use car clubs in areas where it costs money to park on-street Public Transport High accessibility • Strategic developments higher demand Accessibility Levels for car clubs near large developments Travel to work Low travel to work • Mosaic profiling groups of people are by car by car more likely to use car clubs than others Controlled Parking Areas with CPZs • Population density demand for car clubs Zones (CPZs) is higher where there are more people Strategic Areas with new developments developments • Car ownership people who don’t own cars are more likely to use car clubs

The map shows analysis of the data in the table above: Highest potential • Overall, car club demand levels are lowest in the west of the subregion and increase as we move eastward Lowest potential • There are also areas of high demand in town centres Existing car club bays throughout West London • The London Borough of Hillingdon generally has lower levels of demand apart from Uxbridge, Hayes and along Uxbridge Road

• 6 6 Potential Demand Population with a high propensity to use car clubs Mosaic groups’ propensity to join a car club

A key factor in determining areas of greater potential 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 for car club uptake are the localised socio-demographics. City Prosperity Mosaic is a consumer classification system, which divides Prestigate Positions the UK adult population into 15 different groups based on Senior Security Average propensity demographics, lifestyles, preferences and behaviours. Domestic Success As shown in the adjacent figure, where the average Aspiring Homemakers propensity to join a car club is 100, an analysis of existing Family Basics car club members indicates three groups demonstrate the Municipal Challenge greatest propensity towards car Vintage Value club membership: Urban Cohesion Rental Hubs • City Prosperity • Rental Hubs • Municipal Challenge Borough composition of each of the three Mosaic groups City Prosperity is nearly two and a half times more likely to with the highest propensity to join a car club join a car club than the general population. Rental Hubs have Municipal around the average propensity to join a car club. Borough City Prosperity Rental Hubs Challenge

The next table shows the WestTrans borough composition of each Ealing 34% 13% 11% of the three Mosaic groups with the highest propensity to join a car club. Brent 20% 22% 13%

Hammersmith & Fulham have by far the highest per capita demand for car clubs, H&F 75% 2% 19% with 75% of the borough’s population defined as ‘City Prosperity’. Harrow 5% 16% 3%

Contrastingly only 1% of Hillingdon’s population is in the ‘City Prosperity’ group. Hillingdon 1% 15% 2%

Source: Hounslow 20% 16% 19% Carplus annual survey of car clubs 2014/15 London, April 2015: WestTrans 23% 15% 9% www.carplus.org.uk/wp- content/uploads/2015/03/Carplus-Annual-Survey-of-Car-Clubs-2014_London_Final1.pdf

• 7 6 Potential Demand Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL) Public Transport Accessibility Levels

Good public transport accessibility increases the demand for car clubs. The highest Public Transport Accessibility Levels are found in the large town centres:

• Shepherds Bush • Hammersmith • Hounslow • Ealing • Wembley • Harrow • Uxbridge

0 - Little/no access 4- Good 1a - Very poor 5 - Very good 1b - Very poor 6a - Excellent 2 - Poor 6b - Excellent 3- Moderate

Uxbridge Tube Station

• 8 6 Potential Demand Travel to work by car Travel to work by car

Low travel to work by car levels increases demand for car clubs. The lowest levels of travel to work by car are found in the eastern parts of the WestTrans boroughs including:

• Chiswick • Ealing • Acton • Kilburn • Queen’s Park • Hammersmith & Fulham (entire borough)

Over 35% Up to 35% Up to 30% Up to 25% Up to 20%

Commuter on Great West Road in Chiswick

• 9 6 Potential Demand Controlled Parking Zones (CPZs) Controlled Parking Zones

High demand for parking spaces increases demand for car clubs. Controlled Parking Zones (CPZs) are found in most town centres across West London. They are also found beyond town centres in:

• The eastern half of the borough of Ealing • The eastern third of Brent • Nearly all of Hammersmith & Fulham

Implemented CPZs Consulted CPZs

Controlled Parking Zone in Hammersmith and Fulham

• 10 6 Potential Demand Strategic developments Strategic developments

New developments increase potential demand for car clubs. Areas with high concentrations of strategic developments include:

• Southall • Hounslow • Brentford • Old Oak Common • Wembley

Strategic development sites

The London Designer Outlet is a 32,500m2 shopping centre located in Wembley

• 11 7 Operators’ Perspective

As part of this study, we interviewed Locations for One-Way Borough ten car club operators including car clubs Support established and new operators, Expansion using both round-trip and one-way • The prime market for car clubs is inner • Range of one-way operators is likely to • Ensure that developers fund car club bays models. West London grow where they are legally required to do so • There is a general interest in expanding • There is a need for a universal parking (via S106 agreements) more widely across all six West London permit (as introduced in Hackney and • Facilitate transfer of under-occupied bays, boroughs Wandsworth) and cross-borough working to other operators • Some are more interested in Outer to facilitate operations • Allocate new bays in a timely manner London areas than others • Councils are able to restrict parking in • Provide more bays in areas of high • Key areas are, town centres, transport certain areas demand hubs, Controlled Parking Zones, and areas • Operators can provide access to data • Release bays in ‘packages’ including with major developments for monitoring purposes prime and fringe locations to ensure good coverage boroughwide • Reduce bay fees Electric • Encourage the use of car clubs amongst Contracts public sector car fleets and to replace Vehicles private car use • Operators support competition • Most operators feel EV’s have a part to • Single operator contracts limit sector play in the car club mix, particularly in growth floating car clubs. • Support for three year agreements with • ‘Fair access’ to current and future EV break clauses to facilitate more innovative charging infrastructure needed operations • The growth in ultra-low emission fleets, need sufficient (and reliable) EV charging infrastructure.

• 12 8 Grey Fleets The role of car clubs as an alternative to borough grey fleets

A ‘grey fleet’ vehicle is one which is In terms of hours logged, Ealing uses car employee owned and is used for work clubs seven times more than Brent and 14 related journeys (excluding commuting). times more than Hounslow, despite having fewer staff memberships. There are a number of advantages to switching from the use of great fleet Factors that determine the use levels of car vehicles to car clubs: clubs in place of grey fleet may include: • Availability

• CO2 emissions: Grey fleet vehicles • Ease of use are generally older and produce higher • Extent of internal advertising emissions than car club cars. • Number of employees using off-site • Cost: Grey fleet mileage re-imbursement car club vehicles rates are normally considerably higher • Internal processes for administering than alternative modes of travel. car club use Car clubs may also enable more efficient • Parking availability / rates of commuting use of vehicles than the grey fleet. to work by car and use of car club vehicles • Corporate social responsibility: for work journeys Borough use of car clubs for work journeys Employers have a duty under the Health • Grey fleet mileage reimbursement rates and Safety at Work Act 1974, including Number of vehicles Number of staff Hours logged whilst driving for work journeys, and Borough at Council offices memberships per working day many struggle to manage grey fleet Ealing 6 >200 71 vehicles effectively. Brent 23 388 10 H&F 0 - - Harrow 0 - - Hillingdon 0 - - Hounslow 10 124 5

• 13 9 Achieving Car Club Growth Growth scenarios

Growth scenarios for car club cars and memberships in the WestTrans' Three scenarios for car club member growth in West London boroughs were developed.

Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 3 • • • 200,000 • Round trip Exisiting round Existing and new Operator types • Fixed one-way trip operators round trip operators • Floating one-way 150,000

Car club members by 2025 40,000 105,000 200,000 Scenario 2

100,000

Continuation of Car club vehicle Accelerated Accelerated growth rates from growth assumptions growth rates growth rates Scenario 1 2012 to 2015 50,000

Proportion of Electric vehicles operatiing in 25% by 2025 50% by 2025 50% by 2025 car club fleets 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Based on Same as growth Same as growth achievement of Membership growth rates per vehicle rates per vehicle West London’s In order to achieve the growth targets in A Car Club Strategy for London, facilitated by assumptions from 2012 from 2012 share of the 1 TfL, both round-trip car clubs and one-way car clubs will be required. to 2015 to 2015 million member target

• 14 9 Achieving Car Club Growth Fit with policy objectives

Borough observations In September 2015, West London borough officers met to discuss • Scenario 1: Limits car club growth new car club models and how • Scenario 2: Offers some growth in car clubs these models may impact on the • Scenario 3a: Fixed one-way model has little evidence achievement of key borough of impact in London, as yet to be implemented. May increase parking policy objectives. pressure and traffic congestion. • Scenario 3b: Floating one-way model now has positive evidence, but still concern about clustering in areas of high demand.

Car club growth scenarios and fit with policy objectives

Scenario 3b Fit with policy objectives requires: Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3a Scenario 2 and Fit with policy objectives requires further evidence Fit with borough policy objective existing round-trip allow new round-trip Scenario 2 and fixed floating one-way Some fit with policy objectives operators operators one-way operators operators Clear fit with policy objectives

Increase sustainable transport options * New evidence about positive benefits of floating one-way from Carplus Annual Survey 2015/16 Increase accessibility of car clubs (London) including; Relieve parking pressure • Car ownership amongst floating one-way car club * members falls after joining (through lower car ownership) • Floating one-way car club cars are used more efficiently than private cars Reduce road congestion * • Floating one-way car club cars are used infrequently, and not for commuting Improve local air quality

• 15 10 Proposed Growth Targets

In order for West London to achieve its The scope for achieving this growth The charts show the growth in car club Why do we set targets? share of the London-wide car club growth through back-to-base car clubs alone is cars and members that each West London target and deliver the associated benefits, recognised to be limited, so for this strategy borough will need to achieve in order for Targets help to: the subregion will need 200,000 car club to be successful in delivering its target of the subregion to reach its share of the • Clarify the end vision members by 2025. 200,000 car club members by 2025, either London-wide target. • Focus priorities a fixed one-way car club, a floating As detailed in A Car Club Strategy for • Ensure accountability one-way car club, or both would need to London, these targets are based on a • Drive progress be in operation prior to 2025. range of different car club models operating, as detailed in Scenario 3.

Car club member growth targets (Scenario 3) Car club cars growth targets (Scenario 3)

Hammersmith & Fulham 80,000 800 Ealing Brent 70,000 700 Hounslow Harrow 60,000 600 Hillingdon 50,000 500

40,000 400

30,000 300

20,000 200

10,000 100

0 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Note - Borough targets should be reviewed periodically • 16 11 Issues and Barriers What issues and barriers to futher car club growth?

• Lengthy process and timescales in delivering new car • Developers do not always fund car club bays when • Unclear access and pricing regimes for the use of club bays. required to via S106 agreements. Source London electric vehicle charge points by car clubs. • Lack of Borough resources with clear responsibility • Often when car club bays are under utilised by for liaising with car club operators. one operator they remain unavailable to other • Higher upfront costs and some operational operators, giving a negative impression of car club complexities in introducing electric vehicles into car • Inconsistent relationships and responsiveness bays. club fleets – particularly in locations where vehicles are between operators and key partners. principally used for longer distance weekend trips. • Lack of monitoring on car club bay usage. • Limited knowledge of car clubs amongst some • Limited research or evidence of the impact of the Borough officers. • Shortage of car club bays available in many areas of fixed one-way and floating one-way models in London. high demand. • Lack of co-ordination at subregional level. • Concerns amongst some stakeholders that fixed • Prime car club sites are often offered to market • Inconsistent bay allocation processes amongst one-way model may increase parking pressure and without any requirement to also operate less profitable boroughs across the subregion traffic congestion. fringe sites, which are important for Borough wide • Unclear pricing structure for operators to lease car coverage. • Concerns amongst some stakeholders that floating club bays, which varies on a borough by borough basis. one-way model may result in transference of short • Few public sector car fleets lead by example in trips to car use, and clustering in areas of high demand. • Market uncertainty for operators – lack of clarity on using car clubs to replace private car use. upcoming sites, market size, operating environment - • Lack of engagement with council decision-makers • No Borough-wide universal parking permits model types etc. who can commit to identified targets for car clubs. available (as introduced in Hackney and • Emerging market with regular new entrants and Wandsworth). • Policy objectives, market demand, commercial viability operators withdrawing from the market. and operator preferences are not always considered in • Limited cross-borough working to facilitate a balanced manner. • Resistance from senior decision makers, members operation. or politicians, often due to sensitivities over loss of • Lack of Borough led target setting and • Limited availability of electric vehicle charge points parking bays. identification of growth locations for individual for car club use. bays.

• 17 12 Recommendations and Actions The following recommendations are designed to enable West London boroughs to achieve 200,000 members by 2025 – their total share of the London-wide target for 1 million members by 2025.

Recommendation Description Actions Responsibility Timescale

• WestTrans Agree a All WestTrans boroughs should agree on and • Borough Meeting amongst WestTrans borough representatives, discuss and agree on a vision WestTrans car commit to a WestTrans car club vision and representatives for car clubs in West London, using the vision presented in Chapter 7 as a starting Short club vision and objectives so actions should be geared towards • Other council point. objectives achieving this vision. decision-makers (if necessary)

Each borough should agree on and commit • WestTrans to achieving car club member and car growth • Identify council decision-makers who can commit to identified targets. • Borough Agree borough targets. Proposed targets are presented in • Use the Strategy to sell the idea to decision-makers and address their concerns. representatives Short growth targets Chapter 8. Targets clarify the end vision, focus • Agree who is accountable for target achievement. • Council decision- priorities, ensure accountability and drive • Agree on commitment to targets in policy documents. makers progress. • Other consultees

Boroughs should agree on priority growth locations for car club bays in a coordinated • Each borough identifies their preferred broad locations for car club growth, using • WestTrans manner. A joined up strategy will enable policy the Strategy as a starting point. • Borough Develop a objectives, market demand and operator • WestTrans works with boroughs to coordinate these growth locations at a representatives subregional preferences to be considered in subregional level. • Borough transport strategy for car a balanced manner. • Boroughs can then identify more specific locations for car club bay growth based officers Short club bay growth/ on demand and supply of bays, including monitoring usage. These can serve as • Parking services The identification of growth locations and distribution heat maps for where to provide new car club bays – including consideration of individual bays should speed up the process for borough plans, opportunity areas etc. Possible input from: bay allocation to operators. More round-trip bays • Publish the strategy to provide greater certainty to operators. Operators need to be made available if boroughs are to reach car club car targets.

• 18 12 Recommendations and Actions

Recommendation Description Actions Responsibility Timescale

• Review existing responsibilities for car clubs at each borough and establish a single car club officer with a knowledge of car clubs and accountability for meeting and Each borough should designate an officer with monitoring annual borough car club targets. a clear responsibility for liaising with car club • Borough transport • Develop a common roles and responsibilities template for officers. See ‘Roles of Designate a car operators, not necessarily a new role, but rather planning different actors in achieving success: developers, local authorities and operators’ club officer at a clear allocation of responsibility to a single management Short in CarPlus’ August 2016 guidance: http://www.carplus.org.uk/wp-content/ each borough person. This person should have a knowledge • Borough car club uploads/2016/04/Car-Clubs-in-New-Developments-Report-1.pdf of car clubs and responsibility for meeting and officer • Establish a borough officers group to share issues/ knowledge. monitoring annual borough car club targets. • Communicate borough contacts with all operators. • Each borough to become a member of Carplus and attend knowledge sharing events.

Car club bay allocation can prove to be a • Review recent expressions of interest amongst operators for bays and trace the Review processes protracted process, and of variable timescales timescales for allocation. • WestTrans to speed up amongst different boroughs. • Determine best practice and apply it to all WestTrans boroughs. • Relevant borough Short car club bay See ‘Car clubs Starter Pack for Local Authorities - A practical guide to car club officers Car club bay allocation must be efficient and allocation development’ in CarPlus’ guidance: http://www.carplus.org.uk/wp-content/ consistent to achieve growth targets. uploads/2012/04/2-Car-Clubs-Starter-Pack-for-Local-Authorities.pdf

Car club operators require access to charge Support car point networks to operate electric vehicle, and • If possible, WestTrans should attend meetings between Bluepoint London and club operators’ are concerned Bolloré has a monopoly over operators to express its support for car club operators having access to the charge proposals for access to this network. point network, stating that this fits with their car club vision and policy objectives. • WestTrans ‘fair access’ to Short • Alternatively they should express their support for car club operators having planned electric Bluepoint London is considering having a set access to parallel charge point networks. vehicle charging fixed membership fee for car club operators to infrastructure access the network. Operators are promoting an agreement over fair access and pricing.

• 19 12 Recommendations and Actions

Recommendation Description Actions Responsibility Timescale

• Agree terms and scope for a one-way car club trial amongst boroughs and • WestTrans Enabling a one-way model to operate in an operator. • Borough Undertake a trial a defined area of West London on a trial • Ensure boroughs have access to all relevant data in order to evaluate results representatives for one-way/ basis, so that the benefits and drawbacks against policy objectives. • Borough transport floating model to Medium can be monitored and assessed, and further • Define an area of West London for the trial. officers operate on a trial considered as an element of the growth This must be an area with high car club demand. • Parking services basis strategy for achieving the vision and objectives. • Develop a universal parking permit for the area. • Operators • Monitor data against policy objectives.

Operators must ensure that cars are made • Borough Establish a “use it available at bays, and are not left unoccupied. • Establish a clear policy within the bay lease contract requiring operators stock representatives or lose it” policy If an operator has removed a car from one of their bays with cars, and not remove cars without informing the council. • Borough transport Medium for car club bays its bays (for a set period, e.g. six weeks) they • Establish a monitoring procedure. officers should lose access to the bay. • Operators

As part of a new development, developers may be required to provide car club bays through • WestTrans • Review recent S106 obligations across the WestTrans boroughs and identify S106 obligations. • Borough car club any delayed/ unfulfilled financial car clubs contributions. Review car club officers Without robust S106 agreements, developers • Determine whether delays/unfulfilled contributions were a matter of poor S106 S106 obligations • Borough S106 can delay or avoid financial contributions wording or poor S106 monitoring (collection of funds). and process officers Medium towards car clubs or allocations of bays to car • Update with established best practice clauses. See ‘Car clubs in property for gathering • Planning solicitor club operators. developments Carplus good practice guidance ’ in CarPlus’ February 2015 contributions • Borough transport guidance: http://www.carplus.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Car- Boroughs must ensure that S106 funding are planning clubs-in-property-developments-2015.pdf collected / parking bays are allocated to car management club operators.

• 20 12 Recommendations and Actions

Recommendation Description Actions Responsibility Timescale

Develop a clear pricing structure for operators • WestTrans Demand-based to lease car club bays linked to demand in the • Borough bay pricing area. • Review existing car club bay fees and set common region wide lease fees based representatives and a common on the demand level of the location of a bay. Bay leases could be free in areas of • Borough transport Medium This is a key mechanism by which the subregional low demand, as long as a car is made available. officers subregional strategy for car club bay growth/ pricing structure • Borough parking distribution can be implemented. services

Either as an alternative measure to demand- • WestTrans Packaging bays based bay pricing, or an accompanying • Borough in secondary • Identify priority areas for growth in secondary locations. measure. representatives locations with • Bays can be packaged as follows: Orange with light blue and Yellow with green. Medium • Borough transport bays in prime A mechanism to compel operators to provide • Dark blue areas can be packaged with other bays at a later stage. officers locations cars in locations prioritised by boroughs but • Parking services not by operators.

• WestTrans Link car club bay Fees operators pay boroughs to lease parking • Relevant borough • Review of car club bay fees and consider establishing this as a further incentive to fees with vehicle bays could be linked to the emissions of the car officers Medium promoting ULEV uptake. emissions occupying it. • Borough parking services

“Grey fleet” vehicles are council employees’ private vehicles being used for work-related Increase the use • WestTrans journeys. The use of car clubs by councils is • Review existing grey fleet usage across WestTrans boroughs, and the use of car Medium/ of car clubs in • Relevant borough a way of directly fostering demand and helps clubs in place of grey fleets where already available. Long council car fleets officers make their operations viable locally. It can also result in cost savings and emissions reductions.

• 21 12 Recommendations and Actions

Recommendation Description Actions Responsibility Timescale

Some boroughs (outside of WestTrans) operate “single operator contracts” in which only one • WestTrans operator is allowed in the borough. • Develop a WestTrans-wide policy against single operator boroughs in order to Ensure the • Borough ensure competition and innovation. This approach has been taken in Camden, continuation of We seek to ensure that WestTrans boroughs representatives Hackney and Wandsworth, three of the most progressive car club boroughs in Ongoing multiple operator continue to avoid single operator contracts, • Other council London, who have reported a doubling in size of their car club network and a boroughs and allow multiple operators. A multiple decision-makers rapid growth in membership since introducing the multi-operator approach. operator environment is more likely foster (if necessary) competition and innovation to the benefit of

• 22 13 Organisations and References

Organisations British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association Carplus Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) Transport for London Promoting responsible road transpor WestTrans Car club operators Bolloré Car2Go enterprise Car Club Co-Wheels DriveNow E-Car iCarRental Zipcar EV charging suppliers/networks Bluepoint London Chargemaster POD point Source London Documents A Car Club Strategy for London (Car Club Coalition) An Ultra Low Emission Vehicle Delivery Plan for London (Mayor of London and TfL) Carplus annual survey of car clubs - 2015/16 London (Carplus) Low emission neighbourhoods guidance note (Mayor of London and TfL) Rapid charging network study (Element Energy and TfL)

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