ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT
FOR THE PROPOSED
HARBOUR REDEVELOPMENT AT MARADHOO- FEYDHOO ISLAND, ADDU CITY
August 2019
Prepared for
Ministry of National Planning and Infrastructure
Consultant
CDE Consulting, Maldives
ގ މ ރ ކ ޤ އަރަތ ށަރ ތިއ ރަދނަބ ދޭފ ދަރަމ .ސ
ނިއ ޢ ރ ޝަމ
ޓޯޕިރ ާރ ކ ނާޔަބ ރަވ ނިމ ނާރ ކ ރަސައ ށަޓ އ ވާމިތ
2019 ރަބޯޓ ކޮއ
: ރާޔިދ އ ގ ޢ ރ ޝަމ
ރަޗ ކަރ ސާރ ފ ނިއ ޑ ނ އ ގ ނިނޭލ ޕ ލަނަޝ ނ ފޮއ ރ ޓ ސިނިމ
: ޓ ނަޓ ލަސ ނޮކ ޭއ.ިއައ. އ ގ ޢ ރ ޝަމ
ސ .ޑ .އ ކޮނ ސަލ ޓިނ ގ ، ދިވ ހިރާއ ޖ
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo, Seenu Atoll
Table of Contents
Table of Contents ...... iii
List of Figures ...... viii
List of Tables ...... ix
List of Abbreviations ...... xi
Acknowledgements ...... xii
Lead Consultant’s Declaration ...... xiii
Proponent’s Declaration...... xiv
Executive Summary ...... xv
1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 PURPOSE OF THE EIA ...... 1 1.2 PROJECT PROPONENT ...... 1 1.3 PROJECT SCOPE SUMMARY ...... 2 1.4 PROJECT RATIONALE...... 2 1.5 PROJECT LOCATION...... 3 1.6 CONSULTANTS, CONTRACTORS AND GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS ...... 7 1.7 EIA SCOPE AND TERMS OF REFERENCE ...... 7 1.8 ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ...... 8 1.8.1 General Approach ...... 8 1.8.2 The Study Area...... 8 1.8.3 Field Observations ...... 9 1.8.4 Coastal Processes ...... 9 1.8.5 Marine Assessments ...... 10 1.8.6 Water Quality ...... 11 1.8.7 Bathymetry Survey ...... 11 1.8.8 Terrestrial Survey ...... 11 1.8.9 Desk Study Review ...... 11 1.8.10 Key Stakeholder Consultation ...... 12 1.8.11 Data Analysis ...... 12 1.8.12 Report Format ...... 12 1.9 STUDY TEAM MEMBERS...... 12 1.10 POTENTIAL GAPS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY...... 13 1.10.1 Gaps in Information...... 13
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1.10.2 Uncertainties in Impact Prediction ...... 13 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 16
2.1 PROJECT OUTLINE AND KEY FEATURES ...... 16 2.2 DETAILED PROJECT OUTLINE AND WORK METHODOLOGY ...... 19 2.2.1 Mobilization and Equipment and Materials ...... 19 2.2.2 Demolishing existing structures ...... 19 2.2.3 Dredging ...... 20 2.2.4 Revetment and breakwater installation ...... 22 2.2.5 Construction of quay wall...... 24 2.2.6 Paving and finishing ...... 25 2.2.7 Demobilisation...... 26 2.3 PROJECT SCHEDULE ...... 26 2.4 LABOUR REQUIREMENT ...... 26 2.4.1 Labour Accommodation ...... 26 2.5 UTILITIES ...... 26 2.6 WASTE MANAGEMENT, LOGISTICS AND SAFETY MEASURES ...... 27 2.6.1 Health and Safety Measures ...... 27 2.7 SUMMARY OF PROJECT INPUTS AND OUTPUTS ...... 28 3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK ...... 30
3.1 RELEVANT ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION ...... 30 3.1.1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (Act no. 4/93) ...... 30 3.1.2 Employment Act (Act no. 2/2008) ...... 31 3.1.3 Immigration Act (Act no. 1/2007) ...... 32 3.2 RELEVANT REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES ...... 32 3.2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012 ...... 32 3.2.2 The Environmental Liability Regulation (Regulation 2011/R-9) ...... 32 3.2.3 Regulation on Dredging and Land Reclamation ...... 33 3.2.4 Waste Management Regulation 2013 ...... 34 3.2.5 Compliance ...... 35 3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL PERMITS REQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT ...... 35 3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Decision Note ...... 35 3.3.2 Dredging and Reclamation Permit ...... 35 3.3.3 Ministry of Environment and Energy ...... 35 3.3.4 Atoll Council ...... 36 3.4 GUIDING POLICIES AND DOCUMENTS ...... 36 3.4.1 National Environmental Action Plan II (NEAP II) ...... 36 3.4.2 Waste Management Policy ...... 37 3.5 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ...... 37
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3.5.1 Convention on Biological Diversity ...... 37 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 38
4.1 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 38 4.1.1 Meteorology ...... 38 4.1.2 Hydrology ...... 44 4.1.3 Water Quality Assessment ...... 47 4.1.4 Coastal Assessment...... 51 4.1.5 Bathymetry ...... 52 4.1.6 Existing Harbour Condition ...... 52 4.2 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 54 4.2.1 Terrestrial Environment ...... 54 4.2.2 Marine Environment: Benthic Substrate and Fish Survey ...... 55 4.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING ...... 63 4.3.1 Population Density ...... 63 4.3.2 Education ...... 63 4.3.3 Health ...... 63 4.3.4 Utilities and Infrastructure ...... 63 4.3.5 Transport ...... 64 4.3.6 Business and Employment ...... 64 4.3.7 Culture and Heritage ...... 65 5 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION ...... 66
5.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 66 5.2 BOUNDARIES OF AFFECTED AREAS ...... 66 5.3 IDENTIFICATION OF SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS ...... 66 5.4 EVALUATION OF CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ...... 67 6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 75
6.1 IMPACTS ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION...... 75 6.1.1 Noise Pollution and Vibration Impacts ...... 75 6.1.2 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...... 77 6.1.3 Groundwater and Soil Condition ...... 79 6.1.4 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ...... 79 6.1.5 Marine Water Quality ...... 79 6.1.6 Coastal Processes ...... 80 6.1.7 Marine Biodiversity ...... 80 6.1.8 Impacts on Tourism Related Activities ...... 82 6.2 IMPACTS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 82 6.2.1 Impacts on accessibility ...... 82 6.2.2 Business and Employment Opportunities ...... 82
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6.2.3 Health and safety ...... 83 6.2.4 Local Culture ...... 83 6.3 IMPACTS ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE...... 83 6.3.1 Natural Hazard Risks ...... 83 7 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 84
7.1 IMPACTS ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION...... 84 7.1.1 Noise Pollution and Vibration Impacts ...... 84 7.1.2 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...... 86 7.1.3 Groundwater and Soil Condition ...... 88 7.1.4 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna ...... 88 7.1.5 Marine Water Quality ...... 88 7.1.6 Coastal Processes ...... 89 7.1.7 Marine Biodiversity ...... 89 7.1.8 Impacts on Tourism Related Activities ...... 92 7.2 IMPACTS ON THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ...... 92 7.2.1 Impacts on accessibility ...... 92 7.2.2 Business and Employment Opportunities ...... 92 7.2.3 Health and safety ...... 93 7.2.4 Local Culture ...... 93 7.3 IMPACTS ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT DURING OPERATIONAL PHASE...... 93 7.3.1 Natural Hazard Risks ...... 93 7.4 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SIGNIFICANT ADVERSE IMPACTS ...... 94 7.4.1 Marine Water Turbidity and Sedimentation ...... 94 7.4.2 Noise and Vibration ...... 95 7.4.3 Air Pollution ...... 97 7.4.4 Contamination of Marine Water, Groundwater and Land ...... 97 7.4.5 Marine Habitat Destruction ...... 97 7.4.6 Occupational Health Impacts ...... 97 7.4.7 Increased Demand on Waste Disposal Facilities ...... 98 8 ALTERNATIVES ...... 99
8.1 “NO-PROJECT” ALTERNATIVE ...... 99 8.2 ALTERNATIVE SITE PLAN AND SCOPE ...... 99 8.3 ALTERNATIVE QUAYWALL DESIGN ...... 100 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 103
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...... 103 9.2 MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AND RESPONSIBILITIES ...... 104 9.2.1 Project Proponent...... 105 9.2.2 Environmental Consultant ...... 105
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9.2.3 Contractors ...... 105 9.2.4 Environmental Protection Agency ...... 105 9.3 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS ...... 106 10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 109
10.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 109 10.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE MONITORING PLAN ...... 109 10.3 MONITORING DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 109 10.4 MONITORING REPORT ...... 114 10.5 COST OF MONITORING ...... 114 10.6 COMMITMENT TO MONITORING ...... 114 11 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS ...... 115
11.1 ADDU CITY COUNCIL ...... 115 11.2 MARADHOO-FEYDHOO LOCAL BUSINESSES ...... 116 11.3 MARADHOO-FEYDHOO FISHERMEN AND BOAT OWNERS...... 117 11.4 DIVE-SCHOOLS IN ADDU CITY ...... 118 11.5 RESPONSE BY THE PROPONENT FOR KEY CONCERNS OF STAKEHOLDERS ...... 119 12 CONCLUSIONS ...... 120
REFERENCES ...... 122
APPENDIX A – Terms of Reference ...... 124
APPENDIX B – Concept Plan ...... 125
APPENDIX C - Approvals ...... 126
APPENDIX D – Work Plan ...... 127
APPENDIX E – Survey Location Map ...... 128
APPENDIX F – Bathymetry ...... 129
APPENDIX G – Water Quality Test Report ...... 130
APPENDIX H – CV of Consultants ...... 131
APPENDIX I – Stakeholder participants list ...... 132
APPENDIX J – Proponents Declaration and Commitment Letter ...... 133
APPENDIX K – Acknowledgement of receipt by Addu City Council ...... 134
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List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Location map and sensitive areas near project site ...... 5 Figure 2.1: Site plan ...... 18 Figure 2.2: Sheet pile design concept ...... 24 Figure 4.1: Monthly frequencies of wind direction in based on Gan 1978-2004 (adapted from Naseer, 2003) ...... 40 Figure 4.2: 18 year wind frequencies recorded at Gan...... 40 Figure 4.3: Mean daily wind speed and direction recorded at Gan (1978 to 2004) ...... 41 Figure 4.4: Mean monthly rainfall in Gan ...... 42 Figure 4.5: Maximum daily rainfall by year in Hulhule’ (1975 – 2005) (Source: Hay, 2006) .... 42 Figure 4.6: Maximum temperature by year in Hulhulé, 1975 – 2005 (Hay, 2006) ...... 43 Figure 4.7: Predicted tides for 9th July to 8th August 2018, Department of Meteorology, Maldives ...... 44 Figure 4.8: Estimated wave conditions around Maradho-Feydhoo Island ...... 48 Figure 4.9: Currents measurement at Maradhoo Island on 3h August 2019 ...... 49 Figure 4.10: Existing coastal modifications around the island and Maradhoo ...... 50 Figure 4.11: (a) Protected shoreline south of the harbour and; (b) north of the harbour ...... 51 Figure 4.12: (a) looking towards harbour from south and; (b) from north ...... 51 Figure 4.13: Damaged breakwater during high tide ...... 52 Figure 4.14: Existing channel and breakwater ...... 53 Figure 4.15: Existing quay wall showing the deteriorated central section of the quay wall ...... 53 Figure 4.16: Deteriorated central section of the existing quay wall ...... 54 Figure 4.17: Ipil ipil growing through the revetment ...... 55 Figure 4.18: Two trees growing around the damaged areas of the quaywall ...... 55 Figure 4.19: Select images showing reef condition along Transect 1 ...... 56 Figure 4.20: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 1 ...... 56 Figure 4.20: Select images showing reef condition along Transect 2 ...... 58 Figure 4.21: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 2 ...... 58 Figure 4.22: Left panel shows bed of Thalassia hemprichii, right panel shows some Funnel Weed ...... 60 Figure 4.23: Right panel shows clumps of Halimedia among filamentous algae, left panel shows few Cake Urchin hiding under seagrass...... 60 Figure 4.24: Coral colonies observed along the reef edge ...... 61 Figure 4.25: Left panel shows Tubinaria sp. clusters, right panel shows a bed of seagrass ...... 61 Figure 4.26: Left panel massive type coral colonies, right panel shows foliose type coral colonies ...... 62 Figure 4.22: Number of people working in variouse economic sectors at S.Maradhoo-Feydhoo 65
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Figure 5.1: Estimated affected ares map ...... 68 Figure 6.1: Estimated Vibration and Noise impact zones on the island ...... 78 Figure 6.1: Estimated Vibration and Noise impact zones on the island ...... 87 Figure 6.2: Marine direct impact foot prints and enviornmentally notable features in the vivinity ...... 91 Figure 6.3: Marine impact mitigation measures ...... 96 Figure 7.1: Alternative site plan ...... 101 Figure 7.2: Alternative quaywall design ...... 102 Figure 8.1: Environmental Management Plan flow diagram ...... 104 Figure 8.2: Environmental Reporting Proccess ...... 106
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Summary of key information about the proposed Island 3 Table 1.2: Limitations of the study 14 Table 2.1: List of key machinery and equipment 19 Table 2.2: Details of estimated volumes 20 Table 2.3: Details of original reclamation requirements 21 Table 2.4: Details of breakwater and revetment 22 Table 2.5: List of key machinery and equipment 26 Table 2.6: Major project inputs 28 Table 4.1: Key Meteorological information of the Maldives 38 Table 4.2: Summary of general wind conditions from Maldives Meteorological Centre 39 Table 4.3: Probable maximum precipitation for various periods in Gan (UNDP, 2006) 43 Table 4.4 Wave regimes in neighbouring Fuvahmulah Atoll 45 Table 4.5: Water Quality Results for seawater samples, 29th July 2018 47 Table 4.6: Summary of live coral coverage and fish census surveys – August 2019 55 Table 4.7: Summary of Fish Census along Transect 1 57 Table 4.8: Summary of fish census along Transect 2 59 Table 5.1: Impact Identification Matrix 69 Table 5.2: Evaluation of key impacts on the natural and socio-economic environment 70 Table 8.1: Preliminary Environmental Management Plan for the project 107 Table 9.1: Monitoring Schedule for Pre-Construction Stage 110 Table 9.2: Monitoring Schedule for Construction Stage 111
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Table 9.3: Monitoring Schedule for Operation Stage 113 Table 10.1: List of participants from meeting with Addu City Council 116 Table 10.2: List of participants from meeting with Local businesses 116 Table 10.2: List of participants from meeting with Fisherman 117 Table 10.2: List of participants from meeting with dive-centers 118 Table 10.2: Stakeholder concerns and MHI responses raised during stakeholder meeting 119
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List of Abbreviations
COADS Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set DO Dissolved Oxygen EIA Envrionmental Impact Assessment GPS Global Positioning System IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPC International Plant Protection Convention IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature MEE Ministry of Environment and Energy MHI Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure MSL Mean Sea Level MWSC Maldives Water and Sewerage Company NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action NE North East NEAP II National Environmental Action Plan II NW North West SE South East SW South West TDS Total Suspended Solids ToR Term of Reference UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol
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Acknowledgements
The lead author of this report is Dr. Ahmed Shaig
Additional assessments were undertaken by the following team members.
Mr. Mohamed Faizan Mr. Mohamed Muan
Field surveys and analysis were carried out by the following members
Mr. Ahmed Mahid Ms. Fathmath Shuhaina Mr. Ali MoosaDidi
The curriculum vitae’s of the EIA consultants are attached in Appendix H of this report.
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Lead Consultant’s Declaration
I certify that statements made in this Environment Impact Assessment are true, complete and correct to the best of my knowledge and available information.
Dr Ahmed Shaig (EIA P02/15)
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Proponent’s Declaration
Intentionally left blank.
(Refer to Appendix J)
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Executive Summary
The purpose of this document is to fulfil the requirements to get necessary environmental clearance from the Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure to redevelop and expand the existing harbour at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City Atoll. The proponent of this project is Ministry of Planning and Infrastructure. The contractor of the project is Maldives Transport and Contracting Company Plc.
The project involves demolishing sections of the existing harbour, rebuilding and expanding the existing harbour. The works specifically involves expanding the harbour basin by an additional 9500 sq m, shifting the quaywall about 25 m into the current basin, constructing a new 265 m long sheet piles seawall, constructing 246 m of breakwater, reclaiming about 13,000 sq m of additional land, demolishing existing breakwater and quaywall, installing harbour facilities like channel markers and mooring hooks, paving and maintenance dredging in the existing basin and channel.
The main rationale for proposed redevelopment of the harbour is to restore the damaged facilities and remedy the harbour usability issues, in particular the project aims to extend areas for vessel mooring, facilitate easy loading and unloading of goods, and improve existing harbour facilities. The project is estimated to be completed within 6 months.
All project designs are in conformance to the laws and regulations of the Maldives and relevant international conventions that Maldives is party to. The key laws and regulations applicable to the project are Environmental Protection and Preservation Act, Regulation on Dredging and Land Reclamation, Waste Management Regulation, Employment and Immigration Act.
Consultations were undertaken with Addu City Council and public of Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island including local fishermen, boat owners and traders. The public proposed some changes to the current design and requested to incorporate additional components. The Proponent has accommodated requested changes to the dredging depth but other changes could not be accommodated as it goes beyond the budget. The public approval of this project is high, as this project will yield several socio-economic benefits to the community.
There will be additional interferences and associated impacts to coastal processes and marine biodiversity beyond what has resulted due to initial harbour construction, as this project is a harbour redevelopment project and will take place outside the existing harbour’s footprint. The key impact areas from the proposed changes are direct loss of habitat and reef area, impact on reef biodiversity, water quality due to turbidity and sedimentation, changes to hydrodynamic patterns, noise pollution and occupational health and safety hazards. The dredge footprint and marine construction area of the harbour is increased and hence the impacts on marine water
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xv EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City quality and marine biodiversity will be elevated. A concern raised by Council and some members of the public is the potential impact on a dive site just 200m SE of the entrance channel.
Key mitigation measures proposed for the dredging component of this project are ensuring that dredging and reclamation works are contained within bunds and silt screens, and dredging is carried out in calm sea conditions. Mitigation measures proposed to reduce the impacts of construction and demolition waste include reusing demolition waste for project activities where possible, and planning construction activities to minimize the quantity of waste produced.
Alternatives were evaluated for the project, including the “no-project” option, alternative site plan and scope, and quaywall design. The alternate site plans were preferred as there is a shortage of sand. The preferred material proposed for breakwater is sheet piles but can be reverted concrete L-blocks if required. The preferred option is to go ahead due to the benefits and opportunities lost in the “no project option, given the social and economic benefits of the option.
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for this project is designed to produce a framework for anticipated impacts, including practicable and achievable performance requirements and systems for monitoring, reporting and implementing corrective actions. In addition, provide evidence of compliance to legislation, policies, guidelines and requirements of relevant authorities.
Monitoring plan is designed to assess any changes to the physical environment as well as operational aspects. The total cost of environmental monitoring is estimated to be MVR100,000.
This report concludes that moving forward with proposed project will result in inevitable adverse impacts, mainly on the marine life in the project site. These impacts can be reduced with the application of the measures proposed in this report. While the project will have substantial socio-economic benefits to the community, the project will need to be implemented in accordance with the final Environmental Decision issued by the Environmental Protection Agency after evaluation of this EIA report.
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ާސާލ ހ ާދާސ
ާވިއަފާޅަހަށ ހ ށަމ ރ ކ ގ އަރަތ ށަރ ތިއ ށޮކ ޑޮބ ރަދނަބ ާވިއަފިހ ޖަމަހ ށަމ ގ ނިހ ިއަގ ދޭފ ދަރަމ .ސ ކަޓޯޕިރ ާސާރިދ ިމ
ގ ޢ ރ ޝަމިމ . ވ ކ އާސާރިދ ާވިއަފިވ ރ ކ ނ ތޮގ ގ މ ރ ކ ނަޒަވ ރަސައ ނާފ ށޮކ ށަޓ އ ވާމިތ ނ ގިޅ ގ ިއާއ ޢ ރ ޝަމ
ކަރަޓ ކ ރ ޓ ނޮކ ގ ޢ ރ ޝަމ ިމ . ވ އ ރަޗ ކަރ ޓ ސާރ ފ ނިއ ޑ ނ އ ގ ނިނޭލ ޕ ލަނަޝޭނ ފޮއ ރ ޓ ސިނިމ ކަރާޔިދ އ
ށައަދ އ ހ ގ ށ ވާމިތ ާވ ނ ނޭބ ިއަކަޓށަމ ގ ނިހ ޢ ރ ޝަމ ކަމ ނޭބ ޑނަގިއަމ ގ ޓޯޕިރިމ . ވ އ ޑ ޓިމިލ ޓ ވިއަރ ޕ ސޯފ ވ ހ
. ވ މ ޅ ހަށ ހ ށައ ސ ނ ޖޭއ ނަޝ ކ ޓޮރ ޕ ޓ ނ މަރަޔަވ ނ އ އަތތާމ ލ އަމ ާވ ނ ނޭބ
މަޝ ރ އ ގ ދަށ ނ ކ ރ މަށ ހަމަޖ ހިފައިވާ މަސައ ކަތ ތަކ ، ބަނދަރ ބޮޑ ކ ރ މަށ ޓަކައި 9500 އަކަމ ޓަރ ގ އިތ ރ
ސަރަހައ ދ އ 3.5 މ ޓަރަށ ކޮނ މާއި، މިހާރ ގ ބަނދަރ އަދި ނ ރ އިތ ރަށ ފ ނ ކ ރ މާއި، ކޮނ ގ ނ ނާގާވ ލި ބޭނ ނ ކޮށ ގ ނ
13،000 އަކަމ ޓަރ ގ ސަރަހައ ދ އ ހިއ ކ މާއި، ޝ ޓ ޕައިލ ކޮށ ގ ނ 265 މ ޓަރ ގ އ އ ގަމ ތޮށި ލ މާއި، 246 މ ޓަރ ގ
ބޭރ ތޮށި )ބރޭކ ވޯޓަރ( ލ މާއި، ހިއ ކި ތަނ ގައި ރިވ ޓ މަނ ޓ ޖ ހ މ ވ . އަދި މ ގ އިތ ރ ނ، މި ސަރަޙައ ދ ގައި ދ ވާރަކާއި
ިށޮތ މަގ އ އ ިއާޓ ށޮތ ރޭބ ތޮއ ރާހިމ ިއަގ ރަދނަބ . ވ އ ވިއަފިޅ ހަށ ހ ސ ވ ށަމ ދ ހ އދ އަހަރަސ ާޓ އަހަބ ާލާބ ާދ މ
ށައިޑައ ގިއަބާކ އިހ ނ ތ އަހަރަސ ރަދަބ ިއާށ ރ ތ އ ގ ށޮތރޭބ ިނކ ޭގ ނ ނ ގޭއ ިދައ . ވ އ ނޭވ ލާޅަތ ިއަގ ތަކ އަސަމިމ
ނ ބަބަސ ގ މ ވ ކާލަހ ރަދނަބ ާވިއަފިދ ހ ރާހިމ ިއަގ ށަރ ނަވިއަފާމ ނިނ ށަމ ގ ނިހ އ ރޝަމިމ ިއަގ ދަރަމ . ވ އ ނޭވ ލ
ިމ . ވ މ ރ ކ ލ އަހ އަތ ނ ވޑޮބ ނަކ ިއާކަތިތަދ ރ ތިއ ާވިއަފ ވާމިދ ށަކަތތާރަފ ާރ ކ ނ ނޭބރަދނަބ ިއާކަތިތަދ ާވިއަފ ވާމިދ
. ވ ހަމ 6 ނ ވ ރ ކާފަލ ށަމަކ ނާވަދޭހ ށަމ ރ ކަމަހިރ ފ ޓ ކ ޖޮރ ޕ
ގ ތޮގ ާވިއަފިޅ އަޑ ނަކ ށަމ ރ ކ ތަކ އަސަމ ިއަގ ކަތ ދިއާވަގ ިއާކަތ ނ ނާގ ގޭޖ އާރިހ ވިދ ކަތަކ އަސަމ ާރ ކ ނ ށަދ ގ އ ރ ޝަމިމ
ިށ ވާމިތ ގޭޖ އާރިހ ވިދ : ކަކަތ ދިއަވަގ ާވ މ ނިހ މ ށައ އ ރ ޝަމިމ ނ ތޮގ އ . ވ ކ ކަތ ތަކ އަސަމ ނާދ ނ ގިވ ރ ކ ނ ށަދ
ރައ ކާތ ރިކޮށ ދ މ ހ އ ޓ މާބހޭ ގާނ ނާއި )93/4(، ވަޒ ފާއާއި ބހޭ ގާނ ނާއި )2008/2(، ދިވ ހި ރާއ ޖޭގ އިމިގ ރޭޝަނ ގ
ގާނ ނާއި )2007/1(، ތިމާވ އ ޓަށ އަސަރ ފޯރާނ މިނ ވަރ ބަޔާނ ކ ރާ ރިޕޯޓ ހ ދ މާއި ބހޭ ގަވާއިދާއި 2012، ދިވ ހިރާއ ޖޭގ
ރަށ ރަށާއި ފަޅ ގ ސަރަޙައ ދ ހިއ ކ މާއި ފ ނ ކ ރ މ ގ ގަވާއިދާއި، ކ ނި މ ނޭޖ ކ ރ މާއިބހޭ ގަވާއިދާއި، ތިމާވ އޓަށ ދޭ
. ވ ދިއާވަގ ގ މ ނިދ ލަދަބ ިއާމ ޅ އ ަޑނަކ ާނަމިރ ޖ ށަކަތ ނ ލ އ ގ
މަޝ ރ ޢ އާއި ބހޭގޮތ ނ ސިޓ ކައ ނ ސިލާއި، ބަނދަރ ބޭނ ނ ކރާ ރައ ޔިތ ނ ނާއި މަޝ ވަރާކ ރ ވިފައި ވާނ އ ވ . ކައ ނ ސިލ ނ
ާރ ކ ނނޭބ ރަދނަބ . ވ ށަމަކާވިއަފ ދ ނ ހ ރ ނ ޓިމޮކ ާރަވ ޝަމ ާވިއަފާޅަހަށ ހ ށައ ރ ޝަމިމ ިއަގ ތޮގިވ އ ރ ކަގަހާފ
ފަރާތ ތަކ ނ ބައ އ އިތ ރ ކަނ ތައ ހިމ ނ މަށ ހ ށަހ ޅިއ ވ . މިގޮތ ނ ބަނދަރ ފ ނ ކ ރ މާއި، ބަނދަރ ސަރަހައ ދ ނ ފ ނ
ލިބޭނ ގޮތ ހ ދ މާއި ކައިރ ގައިވާ ޑައިވ ސައިޓަށ ގ އ ލ ނ ނ ވާނޭގޮތަށ މަސައ ކަތ ކ ރ މާއި، މ ދާ ބަހައ ތާނ ހިޔާކ ރި ތަނ އ
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xvii EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
ށަޓިއަސ ވިއަޑ ނ ކަރަވ ވ ިއާމ ރ ކ ނ ފ ށަރ ތިއ ރަދނަބ ނިއ ރ ތ ގ މ . ވ އިޅ ހަށ ހ ނަކ ނަކ އ އަބ ަލަހަކ ނ ޓ އ ހބ
ދާސިތ ޤިއ ިދައ ޢާމިތ ޖިއ ކަޢ ރ ޝަމ ިމ . ވ އަފ ސ ނ ގ ލަދަބ ށައ ރ ޝަމ ނަވ ނަރ ކ ތަކ އަސަމ ށަތޮގ ނާވަޑ ކ ނ ލ އ ގ
ފައިދާތަކ އ ލިބިގ ނ ދާނ މަޝ ރ ޢަކަށ ވ މާއ ކ ، މި ބަނދަރ ބޮޑ ކ ރ މަށ ހ ށަހ ޅި މަޝ ރ ޢ ، ބައ ދަލ ކ ރި ހ ރިހާ
. ވ އ ވ ިއަފ ނަގިއަލަބ ސ ވ ނ ކަކަތ ތާރަފ
. ވ އ ނާވ އ ކަތާދިއަފ ދާޞިތ ގިއ ިދައ އާމިތ ޖިއ ށަށަރ ނ ބަބަސ ގ އ ރ ޝަމިމ ިއަގ ތޮގ ނ ވ ރ ކަގަހާފ ނިއާސާރިދިމ
އ ހ ނ ނަމަވ ސ އަމަލ މަސައ ކަތ ގ މަރ ޚަލާގައި ބަނދަރ ބޮޑ ކ ރ މ ގ ސަބަބނ ، ތިމާވ އ ޓަށ ކ ރާ ނޭދ ވޭ އަސަރ ތައ
ބޮޑ ވ ގ ނ ދާނ އ ވ . އޭގ ތ ރޭގައި ފަރާއި ފަޅ ގ ދިރ ނ ތައ އަދި މާހައ ލަށ ގ އ ލ ނ ވ މާއި، ކަނޑ ގ ލޮނ ތަޣައ ޔަރ ވ މާއި،
ފަޅ ތ ރ ކިލަނ ބވ އޭގ ސަބަބނ ކަނޑ ގ ދިރ ނ ތަކަށ ގއ ލ ނ ލިބމާއި، މަސައ ކަތ ގ އަޑ ގަދަވ މާއި ޕައިލ ކ ރ މ ގ
. ވ އ ނމިހ ނ ވ ގަދނ އ ނބަބަސ
. ވ އ ނާވިއަފ ށޮކަގަހާފ ިއަގ ޓޯޕިރިމ އަތ ޅަވަޔިފ މ ނިހ މ ނ ޅ އ ށަމ ރ ކަޑ ކ އަތ ރަސައ ޭވދޭނ ާރ ކ ނބަބަސ ގ އ ރ ޝަމ
ދ އަހަރަސ ާރ ކ ނ ފ ާކަޓ ށަމ ރ ކަޑ ކ އަތ ރަސައ ާރ ކ ށަލއަހާމ ގ ޑނަކ ނބަބަސ ގ ކަތ އަސަމ ގ މ ރ ކ ނ ފ ޅަފ ނ ތޮގ އ
މިހާރ ވ ސ ކޮނ ފައިވާ ސަރަހައ ދ ގ އިމ ނ ބޭރ ނ ވާނޭހ ނ މަސައ ކަތ ކ ރ މަށާއި، ބަނ ދ ކ ރ ވިފައިވާ ސަރަހައ ދ އ ގައި
ިއަގ ޓޯޕިރ ށަމ ރ ކ ތަކ އަސަމ ިއަގ ކަތ ސަވ ދ ޑަމ ޑނަކ . ވ އ ނާވިއަފިޅ ހަށ ހ ށަމ ރ ކ ތަކ އަސަމ ގ މ ކ އިހ ިއާމ ނޮކ
ނާދިޅ އ ށަމ ރ ކަޑ ކ އަތ ރަސައ ާރ ކ ށަޓ ށ ވާމިތ ނބަބަސ ގ ނ ކ ޭދ ފ އ ނިއ ރ ތ ގ އ ރ ޝަމ . ވ އ ނާވިއަފ ދާފަލ
ށޮކިކަވ ިތ ކަތ ަދަފ ކޮލބ ޓ ރ ކ ނޮކ ޭވ ރ ކ ނ ނޭބ ނިއ ރ ތ ގ ނ ކ ޭދ ފ އ ނިއ ރ ތ ގ އ ރ ޝަމ ިއަގޭރ ތ ގ ކަތ ޅަވަޔިފ
ށައިރ ކ ނ ގ ށޮކ ނޭލ ޕ އަތ ތަކ އަސަމ ނ ހޭނާވ ދަމ ރަވ ނިމ ޭދ ފ އ ިނ ކ ިދައ ނ ރ ކ ނ ނޭބ ށަކަތ ތަކ އަސަމ ގ ރ ޝަމ
. ވ އ ނ މިހ ނ އިދ ނ ގ
ތޮގ ަނ ނ ފ ށަމަކ ޅަގނަރ މ ނ އ ާޔިކާޅައ ގ ކަތ ތޮގ ރ ތިއ ނާދިވ ރ ކ ނ ނޭބ ށަމ ރ ކ ޤ އަރަތ ރަދނަބ ިއަގ ޓޯޕިރ ިމ
ހ ށަހަޅާފައިވާނ އ ވ . މ ގ ތ ރޭގައި ކ ރ ހ މަށ ގ ނ ވިދާނ ބަދަލ ތަކާއި، ބޭނ ނ ކ ރ ވިދާނ އއ ގަމ ތޮށ ގ ވައ ތަރ ތަކަށ
. ވ އ ނާވިއަފާޔިކާޅައ ނ ލ އ ގ ިއާއ ާދިއަފ ނޭބިލ ަމަނިފ ށޮކނ ޤ އަރަތ ރަދނަބ ނ ރ ތިއ ގޭއ ިދައ . ވ އ ނާވިއަފިވ ލާލަބ
މަޝ ރ ޢިނ ކ ރާނ އިޤ ތިސާދ އަދި އިޖ ތިމާޢި ފައިދާތަކަށ ރިޢާޔަތ ކޮށ ، އ ނ މ ރަނގަޅގޮތ އ ކަމ ގައި މި ރިޕޯޓ ގައި
. ވ ށަމ ޔިދ ނ ގ ށަޔިރ ކ ނ ގިއާއ ރ ޝަމ ނާވިއަފާޅަހަށ ހ
ޓ ނަމ ނަރަޔަވ ނ އ ށަމ ރ ކލޯރ ޓނޮކ ިއަލަބ އަތ ލަދަބ ާދ ނ މަނނައ ށަޓ އ ވ ިއަގ ކަތާލަހ ރަމ ިކ އ ގ ޢ ރ ޝަމ ިމ
މ ނޭޖ މަނ ޓ ޕ ލޭނ އ ހ ށަހ ޅިފައިވާނ އ ވ . މި ޕ ލޭނަގައި ތިމާވ އ ޓަށ ކޮށ ފާނ އަސަރ ތަކާއި، ވ އ ޓަށ އަނ ނަ ބަދަލ ތައ
ސ ކ ރ ނ ކ ރ މ ގައި ބަލާނ މިނ ގަނޑ ތަކާއި، ރިޕޯޓ ކ ރަނ ޖ ހޭ ހާލަތ ތަކާއި، ފަރާތ ތަކާއި، އ ކި ހާލަތ ތަކ ގައި
. ވ އ ނާވިއަފ ށޮކ ނާޔަބ ލ ސ ފަތ ގ ތޮގ ޭހ ޖ ނަރ ކ ލަމައ
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xviii EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
ރިޕޯޓ ގައި ބަޔާނ ކޮށ ފައިވާ ތިމާވ އ ޓަށ ކޮށ ފާނ އަސަރ ތައ ކ ރާމިނ ވަރ ދ ނ ގަތ މަށާއި، އ ފަދަ ކަމަކ ނ ލިބިދާނ ގ އ ލ ނ
ކ ޑަކ ރ މަށާއި، އަދި މި ރިޕޯޓ ގައި ބަޔާނ ކ ރ ވިފައިނ ވާ ކަމ އ ކ ރިމަތިވ އ ޖ ޙާލަތ އ ގައި އ ކަނ ކަނ ދ ނ ގަތ މަށޓަކައި
ިއަކަޓ ށަމ ރ ކ ރަޓިނޮމ އ ރ ޝަމ . ވ އ ވިއަފިހ ޖަމަހ ށަމ ރ ކ ނ ރ ކ ސ ނަކ ނަކ ަދަފިމ ިއަގ ކަތާލަޙ ރަމ ިކ އ ގ ޢ ރ ޝަމ
. ވ އާޔިފ ރ ަކ އަލ އ އ ނ ވ ރ ކާފަލ ށަމަކ ނާވަދޭހ
މި މަޝ ރ ޢ ހިނގ މަށ ހަމަޖ ހިފައިވަނ މިހާރ ވ ސ ބަނދަރ ޤާއިމ ކ ރ ވިފައިވާ ސަރަހައ ދ ގައި ކަމ ނ ، މަޝ ރ ޢ ހިނ ގާ
ރ ތިއ ނާދިބިލ ށަޓ އ ވާމިތ ަމަނިފިއަޅައ އަތ ޅަވަޔިފ ާވިއަފ ށޮކަގަހާފ ިއަގ ޓޯޕިރިމ ށަމ ރ ކަޑ ކ އަތ ރަސައ ޭވ ދޭނ ރަވ ސަވ ދ
ށައިރ ކ ޢ ރ ޝަމ ވ ލާމަސ ށަމަކ ނަކ ާވިއަފިވ ރ ކަގަހާފ ިއަގ ޓޯޕިރިމ . ވ އ ނޭވ ރ ކ ދަމ އަތ ނ ލ އ ގ ނޭވ ރ ކ ނަދާއިއ
. ވ އ ނާދިވ ރ ކަޑ ކ ށަޑޮބ ށަރަވ ށަތ ރަސައ ޭވ ދޭނ ާރ ކ ނ ބަބަސ ގ ކަތ ލަދަބ ަދަފ ނ ވނ ނ ދ ިއަގ ތަމ ަމަނިފ ސޮގ ނ ގ
ިމ ނާވ ނަދ ނ ގ ށައިރ ކ އ ރ ޝަމިމ . ވ ކ އ ޢ ރ ޝަމ ިރ ހ ާދިއަފ ނަހ ނ ށަނ ނ ތިޔ އަރ ކައ ޢ ރ ޝަމ ިމ ިއަގ އ ތޮގަލ މ ޖ
ާވ ތޮގ އ އ ިއާޔަފަލ ިއާމ މ ނިނ ާމ ނިނ ނިއ ސ ނ ޖޭއ ނަޝކ ޓޮރ ޕ ޓ ނ މަރަޔަވ ނ އ ހަފ ށަމ ރ ކ ާޖާރ މ ޓޯޕިރ ޭއިއައ އ
. ވ ނ ނިތަމ ގ ތޮގ
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| xix EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the EIA
This Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) report is an evaluation of the potential environmental, socio-economic and natural impacts of the proposed harbour redevelopment project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City.
This document is submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), by Ministry of National Planning and Infrastructure (project proponent) to fulfil the requirements for an EIA under clause 2 of the Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (EPPA) of the Maldives (Act number 4/93). EIA regulation (number: 2012/R-27), and the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by the EPA (Number: 203-EIARES/471/2019/48) have been used as a basis for preparing this document.
This report provides the background to the proposed project components as well as an assessment of their likely environmental and social impacts, both beneficial and adverse. The proposed enhancement and mitigation measures are outlined where necessary together with an environment management plan and a monitoring programme.
1.2 Project Proponent
The proponent of this project is Ministry of National Planning and Infrastructure. The Ministry is the government agency responsible for planning and development of public infrastructure on islands of the Maldives. The ministry is currently implementing a number of harbour development projects across the Maldives.
The address and contact details of the proponent are as follows:
Ministry of National Planning and Infrastructure Ameenee Magu Malé, 20392 Republic of Maldives Phone: +960-3004300 Email: [email protected]
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1.3 Project Scope Summary
The project involves renovating the existing harbour on Maradhoo-Island. The following changes and activities are proposed:
a. Expanding the harbour basin b. Demolishing existing quaywall, breakwater and revetment c. Reclaiming both sides of the harbour basin using dredge waste and protecting it d. Shifting the quaywall further seaward and backfilling the shifted area.
e. Removing the existing revetment around the harbour and reusing the material f. Constructing breakwaters The main components of the projects are:
a. Mobilization b. Demolishing c. Dredging and reclamation d. Shore protection e. Quaywall construction f. Finishing and demobilization
1.4 Project Rationale
The existing harbour at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island is roughly 160 metres in length and 80 metres at the narrowest width. There is currently a 160 m long quay wall on the island side which is used for mooring vessels. Harbour is most frequently used by cargo ships, passenger vessels and fishing vessels. Harbour is an integral infrastructure for the trade and fishing activities on the island.
The existing harbour quay wall is adjacent to the Link Road and loading and unloading of goods onto the harbour area affects the traffic flow in the area. Over the years, the existing harbour quay wall has deteriorated and presently, the harbour does not have the capacity to cater to all boats, as there are limited mooring areas. To remedy this situation, the proponent plans to shift and extend the quay wall and basin northward, reclaim an area for harbour facilities and construct the necessary breakwater to protect the extended section.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 2 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
As part of the project, the new harbour basin will be dredged to -3.0m. Additional areas within the harbour basin and channel are to be dredged as part of maintenance dredging. The new harbour is being developed with future expansion of the island fleet in mind.
Additional reclamation is being undertaken form dredge waste to provide more space for harbour activities.
The aim of this project is to remedy the harbour usability issues. The sub-objectives of the proposed harbour quay wall construction are to:
1. Extend areas for mooring of marine vessels
2. Facilitate easy loading and unloading of goods 3. Improve existing harbour facilities.
1.5 Project Location
The proposed project site is Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City. Site location map and satellite image is presented in Figure 1.1 and Figure 1.2 respectively. The table below summarizes some key information about the island.
Table 1.1: Summary of key information about the proposed Island
Island Name − Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island Status − Inhabited Location 73°7'35.34” E; 0°40'17.67"S Length − About 1 km Width at the widest point − About 420 m Land Area (within vegetation) − 32 Ha Distance to nearest airport − About 2.6 km to Gan Airport Population − 2374 (Census 2014) Other features − The island is connected physically to Maradhoo Island, via bridge to Feydhoo, Hithadhoo and Gan Airport
Existing site conditions
The island is heavily urbanized and the entire island is at present occupied for housing and infrastructure.
Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island is connected to Gan International Airport and all the inhabited resident islands in Addu via the Link Road, except Hulhudhoo and Meedhoo. The road is considered a busy road at times and any activity affecting the road will have implications on traffic.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 3 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
There is no vegetation cover within the footprint on the areas proposed, except for a few small bushes.
Environmentally sensitive sites in the vicinity
There are two listed sensitive sites within 3 km of the project site. They are the ocean ward side reef slope of Hankede Island and the shipwreck, British Loyalty. There is no listed environmentally sensitive site on the island.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 4 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Figure 1.1: Location map and sensitive areas near project site
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|5 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Figure 1.2: Satelite Image and Aerial Photo of Maradhoo-Feydhoo
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|6 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
1.6 Consultants, Contractors and Government Institutions
The proponent developed the design criteria, and project specifications.
A team of consultants from CDE Consulting undertook this Environmental Impact Assessment.
The contractor of this project is Heavy Force.
The government agency relevant to this development is Environmental Protection Agency.
1.7 EIA Scope and Terms of Reference
The scope of this EIA is broadly based on the EIA Regulation 2012 (2015/R-157). The assessment more specifically adheres to the Terms of Reference (ToR) issued by the Environmental Protection Agency on 23rd July 2019 (ToR number: 203-EIARES/471/2019/48). A copy of the ToR is attached in Appendix A.
The EIA report contains the following main aspects:
• A description of the proposed changes including the need for the changes, how the these will be undertaken, full description of the relevant parts of the project, methodology used in the assessment, implementation schedules, site plans and summary of project inputs and outputs (Chapter 1 and 2).
• A description of the pertinent national and international legislation, applicable to the project and a demonstration of how the project conforms to these aspects (Chapter 3).
• Information about the existing baseline environmental conditions of the site. These include coastal and marine environment of the site and natural hazard vulnerability of the site (Chapter 4).
• An assessment of the potential impacts during both construction and operational stages of the project as well as identification and cost of the potential mitigation measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts during both construction and operation stages of the project (Chapter 5 & 6).
• Assessment of alternatives for the proposed project (Chapter 7)
• Environment Management Plan (Chapter 8)
• Details of the environmental monitoring plan (Chapter 9).
• Stakeholder Consultation (Chapter 10)
• Potential gaps in information (Chapter 11)
• Main conclusions (Chapter 12)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 7 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
1.8 Assessment Methodology
1.8.1 General Approach
This EIA is broadly guided by the EIA Regulation 2012
This report has been prepared to ensure that the significant environmental and social impacts of the proposed project at the preconstruction, construction, operation and demobilising stages have been considered and assessed at the project planning phase.
The process followed in the preparation of this EIA report consists of five parts. These are: literature review; field surveys; stakeholder consultations; analysis of results; and compilation of the assessment in the form of a report.
In order to conduct a broad based and inclusive study, the proponent and the consultant have from the onset ensured the exercise is participatory. As such, discussions have been held with community members in the projects area and relevant stakeholders with the assistance and coordination of the proponent.
1.8.2 The Study Area
The area impacted by projects like these can be quite wide particularly when the socio-economic impacts are considered. The study area of this project considers that the entire island and reef system of the island will be affected by the development, and that Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island will experience the bulk of the socio-economic change.
Based on the results of the initial scoping of potential environmental impacts and the identification of sensitive aspects of the environment we have identified the following geographical areas likely to be affected at the various stages of the project.
- During construction temporary and permanent impacts will occur primarily on Maradhoo Island’s coastline areas and its reef system. Direct physical impact will be on-site in the area of actual physical interventions. To ensure the impacts are fully covered the entire Maradhoo-Feydhoo was studied.
- During operation of harbour most impacts will be confined to the area that will be affected by marine vessel movement and mooring - There will also be induced development impacts due to the project, mainly in the form of positive socio-economic benefits to Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island. Study area boundary is presented in figure below, and survey locations map for this project is presented in Appendix E.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 8 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Figure 1.3: Study area boundary
1.8.3 Field Observations
Field assessments were undertaken at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island from 2nd August to 6th August 2019. Field visits mainly covered water quality, marine life, and coastal conditions of the proposed project sites. Stakeholder consultations were carried out with local businesses, fishermen, boat owners and the Addu City Council
1.8.4 Coastal Processes
Lagoon currents were measured using drogue method. A total of 3 measurements were undertaken at the site and an average value is determined.
Wave patterns have to be estimated using secondary studies and visual field assessments.
Beach profiles were not measured as the northern shore of the island is fully covered by armour rocks. Measurements for a beach profile line were taken from designated locations near the harbour area using standard levelling techniques. Other beach attributes such as shorelines and beach rock were marked using handheld GPS.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 9 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
1.8.5 Marine Assessments
The aim of this assessment is to establish the baseline condition at the proposed project location. Marine assessments were carried out on 2nd August 2019. The sea was calm and the sky was sunny during the survey. The main objectives of this assessment were:
1. to determine the general status of the reef associated with the island 2. to assess the condition of the marine environment which will be directly impacted by the project 3. to determine the fish species abundance and composition of the reef system
The following sub-sections provide details site, the methodology adapted for this assessment and the results.
Snorkelling Visual Survey
Visual snorkelling surveys were carried out at select locations of the lagoon. General status of these sites was recorded, special attention was given to types of corals and fishes present at these sites and the environmental conditions that could affect growth such as suspended solids, depth, and other threats to coral life.
Fish census
Fish and invertebrate species assemblages and abundance was surveyed using 50 m line transects, whereby the monitor swam along transect and recorded the number and the different species of fish and invertebrates observed within 2.5 m either side of the transect line.
A category-based methodology was adopted to estimate fish abundance and the mean number of fish per category and observation was extracted to estimate species and family abundance. The categories used to estimate abundance: 1: 1, 2: 2 – 4, 3: 5 – 16, 4: 17 – 64, 5: 65 – 256.
Photo Quadrat Survey
The composition of the substrate was assessed by taking twenty high-resolution images every 5 m (pictures covering 0.5 m2 of the seabed) along the same transect line used for the fish surveys. These were later analysed using CPCe. CPCe, or Coral Point Count with excel extension, developed by the National Coral Reef Institute, is software designed to determine coral community coverage and diversity using transect photographs. Underwater photographic frames are overlaid by a matrix of randomly generated points, and the fauna/flora of species or substrate type lying beneath each point is identified. 25 random points per picture were analysed to characterize the substrate composition (sample size: 275 points)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 10 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
1.8.6 Water Quality
Water quality samples were taken at different locations selected based on proposed development. All marine water samples were collected from 1 m depth using clean 1.5 L PET bottles. Marine water samples were tested for pH, Temperature, Salinity and Turbidity.
All water samples were sent to Malé Water and Sewerage (MWSC) Water Quality Assurance Laboratory for testing.
1.8.7 Bathymetry Survey
Bathymetry survey of the site was undertaken by CDE Consulting. The survey was carried on 3rd August 2019. The bathymetric survey was conducted using the Sonarmite Echo-sounder coupled with GPS attached to a survey vessel. Vertical control was established by doing a tide observation on site during the surveyed period. The observation was calculated and reduced to the MSL using the predicted tide table provided by Maldives Metrological Service, (UH SEA LEVEL CENTER Data). Predicted tide data of Gan tide station was used for the corrections.
The equipment’s used in the survey were:
a. SonarMite 3 echo sounder b. Trimble geo7x handheld GPS c. Dinghy
1.8.8 Terrestrial Survey
The aim of this assessment is to establish the baseline condition of the terrestrial environment at the proposed project location; South side of Maradhoo-Feydhoo Harbor, Addu City. Terrestrial assessments were carried out on 4th August 2019, and the weather conditions during this period were; calm seas, clear skies and calm winds with no rainfall recorded.
The sub-objectives of the assessments include determination of the present terrestrial flora and fauna at the proposed location. Since the study area was relatively small, the site was studied using ground observation walks, along with remote sensing technology to get an aerial view of the site. A vegetation type along the walk was recorded for their abundance and type of species.
1.8.9 Desk Study Review
A literature review was conducted to acquire background information on the site and its environment as well as to identify possible environmental impacts of similar developments in island settings. In this context, the EIA Regulations 2012, best practices from similar
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 11 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City development activities, scientific studies undertaken in similar settings around Maldives and previous documents/historical publications was considered.
1.8.10 Key Stakeholder Consultation
Stakeholder consultations were undertaken with the following stakeholders:
• Wholesale and retail traders
• Fisherman
• Ferry and Cargo boat operators
• Public
• Addu City Council
1.8.11 Data Analysis
The EIA experts used their experience and knowledge in their respective fields to analyse the data from the previous studies and field visits in order to determine the potential impacts of the proposed projects, the severity of effects arising from these impacts and how any adverse impacts can be best mitigated and positive impacts enhanced. This analysis provides the framework for the recommendations on corrective actions and remedial measures and provides the basis for the formulation of the environmental management plan which forms part of this EIA report.
1.8.12 Report Format
The report format and structure presented here follows the report formatting guidelines issued by the EPA.
1.9 Study Team Members
The team members of this EIA are:
1. Dr. Ahmed Shaig (EIA and coastal environment specialist) 2. Mr. Fathimath Shuhaina (Marine environment assessment) 3. Mr. Mohamed Faizan (Marine environment assessment) 4. Mr. Ahmed Mahid (Bathymetry) 5. Mr. Ali Moosa Didi (Data mapping) The curriculum vitae of the EIA consultants is attached in Appendix H of this report.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 12 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
1.10 Potential Gaps and Limitations of the Study
1.10.1 Gaps in Information
The environment of Maldives is generally poorly understood. This may be due to the lack of detailed studies in the Maldives. Much of the literature on coral islands is derived from studies done in the Pacific which unfortunately has very different climatic and geologic settings.
Detailed environmental analysis for an EIA is often required to be undertaken in a relatively short period of time. Give the seasonal climatic variations in Maldives and the differences in local geomorphologic and climate settings in individual islands such a short time frame is often too little to assess selected aspects of the environment. This problem is compounded by the absence of long-term studies in other parts of Maldives. Hence, most EIA’s end up being based on an environmental snapshot of specific point in time. However, experienced EIA specialists can deliver a close match to reality based on a number of similar assessments. In this regard, the following gaps could be identified in information.
− Absence of long-term site specific or even regional data (at least 2 years). Most critical data include current, wave and terrestrial modification history. − Absence of historical and long-term records on reef and lagoon environment. − Lack of detailed data on geology and sediments at various layers of borrow site due to time limitation in EIA submission.
These gaps are seriously considered in the assessment and care has been taken to address the issue in designing mitigation measures and the monitoring programme.
1.10.2 Uncertainties in Impact Prediction
Environmental impact prediction involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geomorphological or social conditions in a particular place. As note earlier, there is also no long term data and information regarding the particular site under consideration, which makes it difficult to predict impacts. It is important to consider that there will be uncertainties and voluntary monitoring of natural processes as described in the monitoring programme is absolutely essential.
Project information and planning and background data were not fully prepared or decided during the conduction of this study. However, available documents in connection with data provided particularly the concept plan, experiences of the proponent in other islands, particularly in the numerous harbours developed by MHI, were used as the basis for preparation of this document.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 13 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Therefore, it will be possible to analyse, implement mitigation and suggest monitoring measures to the most relevant negative impacts.
Environmental impact prediction involves a certain degree of uncertainty as the natural and anthropogenic impacts can vary from place to place due to even slight differences in ecological, geomorphological or social conditions in a particular place. As noted earlier, there is also no long term data and information regarding the particular site under consideration, which makes it difficult to predict impacts. However, the level of uncertainty is partially minimised due to the experience of harbour development projects in similar settings in the Maldives. Nevertheless, it is important to consider that there will be uncertainties and voluntary monitoring of natural processes as described in the monitoring programme is absolutely essential.
Table 1.2: Limitations of the study
Issue/Item Required Information Current Status / action
Natural Hazard Detailed modelling of future erosion. Data not available at local level; Risks broad level studies undertaken for Maldives was used.
Environmental Historical and long-term records on Baseline snapshots of the site baseline data reef and lagoon environment. taken to design mitigation Detailed data on geology and soil. measures. Estimated based on Long-term site specific or even other similar studies in Maldives. regional data (at least 2 years). Most Snapshot data for currents taken; critical data include current, wave wave studies in Fuvahmulah atoll and sediment movement history. used. Socio-economic data of Maradhoo- Feydhoo island. Primary data collection will be time consuming; Secondary sources will be used.
Environmental Environmental Standards for Air and USEPA standards followed. Standards Noise Quality.
Wave Modelling Long to Medium-term site-specific Not enough time to collect data; data. no facilities in Maldives to undertake high level modelling.
Current Long to Medium-term site-specific Not enough time to collect data; Modelling data. no facilities in Maldives to
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 14 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Issue/Item Required Information Current Status / action
undertake high level modelling.
Sediment plume Long to Medium-term site-specific Not enough time to collect data; dispersal data. no facilities in Maldives to modelling undertake high level modelling.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 15 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Project Outline and Key Features
The proposed project involves extension of harbour basin, providing sufficient area for harbour facilities for marine vessels and users of the Maradhoo-Feydhoo island harbour.
The project components are divided into the following activities:
Preliminary Works
1. Mobilization 2. Worker accommodation and worksite setup 3. Environmental mitigation measures set up and site setout 4. Demolition of existing revetment, quaywall and breakwater Dredging harbour basin
5. Expanding the harbour basin by 5000 sqm 6. Maintenance dredging within the basin and channel within the shallow areas. 7. Disposing dredge waste to reclaim land on either side of the harbour and stockpiling 8. Dredge the designated harbour basin and maintenance dredging areas 9. Dispose dredge waste as land reclamation and for backfilling a section of old harbour Breakwater and revetment Construction
10. Construct temporary sand beds 11. Import armour rock 12. Construction of 4 breakwater structures with a total length of 245m around the harbour basin 13. A 60m armour rock revetment on either side of the quay wall on the reclaimed area. Quawall Construction
14. Construction of 260 m new quay wall using sheet piles
15. In-situ casting and capping beam 16. Construction of ramp
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17. Constructing pavement
Demobilization
18. Finishing work 19. Clearing waste 20. Demobilizing equipment and workers 21. Dismantling temporary facilities A reduced version of the project site is shown in figure 2.1. The approved project site plan is attached in Appendix B.
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Figure 2.1: Site plan
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2.2 Detailed Project Outline and Work Methodology
2.2.1 Mobilization and Equipment and Materials
This component involves the mobilization of construction equipment, materials and workforce to the island and providing necessary storage of materials and site access and services for the workforce. This activity has its environmental consequences including transport-related impacts, and workforce related impacts.
All site mobilization and construction related activities would be undertaken in a planned manner in order to avoid excessive cost and environmental implications.
Mobilization is estimated to take approximately 25 days. Key equipment and machinery that will be mobilized are:
Table 2.1: List of key machinery and equipment
Equipment/Machinery Quantity Excavator Kobelco 350 2 Excavator Kobelco 400 with Vibro Hammer 5 Ton 1 Wheel loader 1 Trucks 3 Concrete mixer 2 Welding Genset 20 KVA 1 Diesel Tank 10,000L 1 Water Tank 5000L 1 Office Container 1 Workshop Container 1
Initial landings will be done by the landing craft on to the existing quaywall. Excavator will remove a section of the existing revetment and deploy the excavators in the lagoon. A small area on the south side is proposed to be initially reclaimed. All the equipment and material setup will be initially placed in this location. Additional setup will be made after enlarging the reclaimed area.
2.2.2 Demolishing existing structures
The project requires demolishing the existing sand cement breakwater that falls within the new breakwater foot print. A total of 148 m of breakwater may have to be removed, of which about 94 m are already in various states of collapsing. About 550-650 cbm of demolition waste is expected This material is expected to be used as a breakwater core before putting the armour rock in place to construct the new breakwater. Alternatively, the material may be crushed using and excavator used for backfilling behind the new quaywall.
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Demolition is also required for the existing revetment of about 250 m on either side of the basin. The requirement is to dismantle the existing armour revetment and use the rock to construct the revetment for the newly constructed areas.
2.2.3 Dredging
This component involves carrying out maintenance dredging and expanding the existing harbour basin.
All dredging are to be undertaken to -3.5 m MSL. Preliminary analysis of bathymetry data shows that the amount of areas to be dredged within the existing footprint is very limited as most areas in the existing basin already have the minimum required depth of -3.5 m MSL.
Dredge Area Design Details
Given the existing depths, it is anticipated that the dredge material will be coming from deepening the new harbour basin. Dredge depth will be -3.5 m MSL.
Details of the existing harbour basin and reef entrance is provided below.
Table 2.2: Details of estimated volumes
Feature Specification Maintenance dredging Channel Design depth -3.5 m MSL Area of channel maintenance dredging 3300 m2 Harbour basin maintenance dredging and expansion Length (at widest point) 88 m Width 232 m Design dredge depth -3.5 m MSL Area of the extended basin 9,500 m2 Area of maintenance dredging 7,960 m2 Estimated volume 28,000-30,000 cbm
The design criteria for dredging are as follows:
− Entrance channel shall be dredged to a minimum depth of -3.5 meters below Mean Sea Level (MSL).
− Layout shall ensure minimum sediment accumulation at the entrance channel to allow for a maintenance-dredging period of not less than 5 years.
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− The channel should allow two way traffic for light crafts used in the Maldives for passenger and cargo; a width of 25 m has been specified as currently exists on site.
− Channel profile should be sloped on the sides with a range from 1:2 to 1:3.
Dredge Waste Disposal
The material excavated is expected to be between coarse sand with seagrass debris.
It is proposed to dispose the material for backfilling and reclamation on either of the harbour as shown on Figure 2.1. Any remaining material are to be stockpiled on the newly reclaimed area.
Details of the dredge volume disposal locations are summarised below.
Table 2.3: Details of original reclamation requirements
Site Area (sq. m) Elevation (m) Est. Volume (cbm) Reclamation areas 8700 +1.5 19,575.00 Backfill area 4300 +1.5 21,500.00
The volume of sand required for backfilling is higher than initially planned and hence onsite measurements show that there will be a deficiency of about 8,000 to 10,000 cbm. This number is also dependent on the quality of material found at the site, for example, presence of large coral boulders.
There are no plans to undertake additional dredging for reclamation as the reclamation works is tied to dredge waste disposal. Hence, if there is a shortage, the land area reclaimed will be reduced. This aspect is explored in the Alternatives Chapter.
Work Method
Dredging will begin from the south side of the harbour using Kobelco 350 excavators.
The excavator will dredge and move forward over a sand bed made out of the dredged materials. Excess material on the sand bed will be loaded by another excavator or Loader to dump trucks and taken to the reclamation area where it will be spread and levelled by loader. Initial focus will be on stockpiling material for backfilling. Shaping the reclamation area will be undertaken after sheet piling and backfilling is completed. Backfilling may begin before sheet piling is placed to all for faster construction when piling attachments are placed on land. Alternatively piling may be undertaken using a barge. A final decision is to be made the contractor on site.
Initially, Excavator will move from inner side of the harbour to outer side until the dredge boundary of the outer side is reached.
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Maintenance dredging will need to be undertaken with an excavator mounted on a barge. Dredge material will need to be transported to the disposal site on the barge and then on trucks.
Justifications
Maintenance dredging is required as part of improving useability of the harbour basin. Only the necessary areas (as in the design specifications) will be dredged. Dredging is necessary in the shallow extension area in order to construct the needed harbour extension
The dredging technology proposed is excavator mounted on sand bed due to the small scale of the project.
The proposed harbour basin shape has been determined by MHI based on the Ministry’s internal design requirements, possibly to reduce the total length of quaywall.
2.2.4 Revetment and breakwater installation
This component involves constructing breakwater to create calm basin and protect the newly reclaimed areas using a revetment.
Design Details
Details of the existing breakwater and revetments are provided below.
Table 2.4: Details of breakwater and revetment
Feature Specification Breakwater No. of breakwater units 4 Length of units 63 m, 59 m, 61 m, 63 m Total Length 246 m Elevation +1.4 m MSL Material Armour rock Estimated rock quantity 5250 tonnes Revetment No of units 2 Total estimated length 150-160 m Elevation +1.6 m MSL Material Armour rock Estimated rock volume 7,960 m2 Estimated rock quantity 2500 tonnes
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Work Method
For the breakwater construction, rock boulders are transported to harbour site from overseas by tug and barge. Rock will be unloaded to a temporarily reclaimed section.
A setting-out survey will be conducted to mark the location of breakwater by means of GI pipes or iron bars. A temporary sand bed will be constructed parallel to the breakwater unit and connected to the reclaimed area. Bed formation will begin from the end closer to the island towards the far end. Rock boulders will be carried to the breakwater location by dump trucks which will be loaded by excavators. Initially rock boulders will be laid along the breakwater line to make a bed over which dump trucks can move.
Where required the demolition waste from existing breakwater will be used as a base. A geotextile layer might be placed between the demolished material and the armour rock.
Once the far end is reached, breakwater profiling will begin from the far end by following a metal profile template made during the setting out survey. The template will be fixed at the far end so that operators can follow it while profiling. Site supervisor will randomly check the progressing work by using a level meter to ensure that deign profile is met. Dump trucks will supply rock boulders as needed during construction. The excavator will continue profiling until the complete length of the breakwater is reached.
Prior to revetment construction, the area will be reclaimed and levelled. Shoreline in the revetment area will be sloped according to the design profile after which a geotextile layer will be spread over. An excavator will carry out rock boulder installation over the geotextile layer to the design slope and height. Rocks are expected to be reused from the material demolished from the existing revetment. Additional rocks will be imported.
Justifications
The additional breakwater is required to reduce effect of waves as to provide safe berthing for fishing vessels in the new basin area.
The revetment has to be installed as a coastal erosion defence in the newly reclaimed area, which will also offer stability for the quay wall as well as the reclaimed land.
The proposed use the armour rock material is due to durability and Government policy to standardise breakwater construction material.
Excavators have been preferred as they will be mobilized for dredging activity.
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The orientation of the breakwaters have been proposed by MHI engineers based on waves conditions at site.
2.2.5 Construction of quay wall
This component involves construction of a 265 m long quay wall along the length of the harbour and backfilling. The quay wall will be constructed using U-Type steel sheet piles. The backfilling will be carried out using dredge material obtained from the dredging activity mentioned earlier.
Design Details
The detailed designs for the sheet piling works have not been completed at the time of the EIA. The preliminary design for the breakwater is presented in Appendix B. The sheet pile design concept is summarized in Figure 2.2 below.
Figure 2.2: Sheet pile design concept
The proposed design uses U-type sheet piles driven to the design depth, anchored using tied backs on every other pile. The anchor blocks will use precast concrete blocks. Tiebacks will be done after backfilling. The basin will be dredged to a depth of the -3.5. The piles will be capped using concrete up to Mean Sea Level. Paving will be undertaken on the platform areas behind the capping beam. The length of piles have not been determined yet.
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Work Method
Setting out of the quay wall line will be carried out using total station. Survey marks and GI pipe templates will be installed to assist the piling team.
The equipment will either be positioned on land after filling the required area on the island side of the basin. Alternatively, a barge may be used. If a barge is used, the piles and excavator will be placed on the barge. A final decision on the methodology is expected to be taken by the supervisor based on site condition after filling the basin area.
Piling will be undertaken using a 5 ton vibratory hammer attached to an excavator. Piles will be positioned and driven to the required depth using the hammer. If required, an additional pile may be welded and driven down to achieve the required depth.
Tie back rods will be installed after backfilling behind the sheet piles. Tie backs will use a 1 m x 1m precast concrete slab buried in the ground.
The capping beam will be the last the section to be constructed and will be cast in situ.
Use of the sheet piles may allow piling to be completed earlier independent of other works.
Justification
The use of sheet piles has been a last minute design change initiated by the Contractor mainly due to the required construction within a previous harbour basin and to speed up the work. Sheet piles may be more durable compared to the concrete L-blocks.
The alignment of the quay wall has been determined by MHI, presumably to reduce the overall length and to maximize space usage by boats.
2.2.6 Paving and finishing
A pavement will be constructed using concrete blocks adjacent to the new quay wall (165m). The crawler will be used to place the concrete blocks.
Mooring hooks will be installed along the new harbour area and cast within the capping beam.
Additional road lights and stairs were not confirmed but were being negotiated at the time the EIA report was compiled. Navigation beacons will be installed at the reef entrance.
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2.2.7 Demobilisation
Demobilisation and site clearance will be the final activity of the construction program. This activity will commence upon completion of all construction activities, and is expected to take 20 days. All debris on site will be cleared before demobilization.
2.3 Project Schedule
Project activities will commence after the EPA issues EIA permit.
It is expected to take about 20 days for mobilization, 235 days for dredging and reclamation, 350 days for breakwater and revetment construction, 180 days for quay wall installation, 45 days for pavement works, 20 days for ramp construction 30 days for finishing works and site clearance, and 10 days for demobilization. Appendix D shows the preliminary work plan.
2.4 Labour Requirement
The project team will comprise of the following members.
Table 2.5: List of key machinery and equipment
Labour requirement No Site Engineer 1 Supervisor 1 Surveyor 2 Skilled workers 10 Foreman 1 Unskilled workers 6 Total 21
2.4.1 Labour Accommodation
The contractor will be responsible for providing adequate accommodation for the project team. Contractor plans to rent houses in the island to arrange accommodation. If required, temporary accommodation may be established on site in purpose designed containers.
2.5 Utilities
Electricity to the project site will be obtained from Generators taken to site. Alternatively it may be sourced from government electricity provider on the Island. Power requirement is moderately low at the site.
Water and sanitation facilities will be provided for construction workers from the existing facilities on the Island
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2.6 Waste management, logistics and safety measures
Major categories of waste that is anticipated to be generated during this project include, demolition waste, dredge waste, waste oil, packaging waste and waste arising from material consumption by construction workers.
It is the responsibility of the contractor to dispose all construction-related waste during demobilization, along with any other waste. The contractor will be required to clear all areas of work.
All construction waste that can be reused will be disposed at a site agreed between the City Council and Contractor (See Alternatives Chapter). If no agreement can be reached due to cost reasons, all remaining waste will be transported to Thilafushi.
All hazardous and waste oil generated by the project will be disposed as per the approved standards of the Environment Ministry.
2.6.1 Health and Safety Measures
The following health and safety measures will be implemented in execution of the project.
• Proponent and contractor will ensure that Health and Safety procedures are complied with at all times • Construction area will be closed off for any unauthorized entry, with proper barricades, warning signs, and warning devices. • Fire extinguishing equipment will be readily available and employees will be trained in its use prior to commencement of construction works. • Oxygen, acetylene or LPG bottles will not be left free standing. All welding and cutting works will be carried out with all safety measures by experienced personnel. • All construction activities will be carried out under the supervision of suitably experienced person. • All reasonable precautions will be taken for safety of employees, and competent personnel will operate any special equipment • All necessary safety gear will be worn at all times. • First aid kit will be available on site • All underwater works will be carried out by suitably trained, and certified scuba diver with all necessary safety precautions
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2.7 Summary of Project Inputs and Outputs
The types of materials that will go into the development and from where and how these will be obtained are given in Table 2.6, and the types of outputs (products and waste streams) and what is expected to happen to the outputs are given in table 2.7.
Table 2.6: Major project inputs
Input Resource(s) Source/Type How to obtain resource(s) Skilled local and/or foreign Construction workers Contractor staff workers (19 persons) Qualified and experienced Engineers and Site engineers and site supervisors Contractor staff supervisors (2 persons) Sand, cement, aggregate, river sand and steel, armour rock geotextile, rebar, Mooring Import and purchase where locally Construction material rings, Sheet Piles, MS available channels, washers, tie rods, navigation lights and paving blocks Import or purchase where locally Navigation lights, harbour Maintenance material available lights and paving blocks
Sand for backfilling and Dredge waste From maintenance dredging reclamation Drinking water (bottled water). Domestic use (workers): well water or piped water Fenanka supplies, groundwater, and Water supply Construction purpose: small bottled water 10 ton water plant or 500 litre water tanks filled with water supplied from service provider Government electricity provider or Electricity/Energy Diesel temporary power plant. Dive gear Scuba dive gear Contractor to provide Surveying equipment Surveying equipment Contractor to provide Excavator Kobelco 350; Excavator Kobelco 400 with Construction equipment Vibro Hammer 5 Ton; Wheel Contractor to provide loader; Trucks; Concrete mixer
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Table 2.7: Major project outputs
Output Quantity How it will be dealt with Source/Type Reused to backfill behind the quay Dredge waste 30,000 cbm wall and reclamation Used as core material for breakwater or backfilling behind 550-560 cbm from breakwaters the new quaywall Demolition waste To be left as it is by demolishing 1000-1600 cbm from existing quaywall the top 1 m where possible; else used for backfilling after crushing. Barrelled and sent to the nearest Waste oil Small quantities designated waste management site Barrelled and sent to the nearest Hazardous waste Small quantities designated waste management site. Sent to the nearest designated waste Food waste Small quantities management site Plastic and Sent to the nearest designated waste Small quantities packaging waste management site Transported to Thilafushi upon Steel waste Small quantities demobilization
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3 POLICY AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK
These legal and policy provisions have to be fully respected in carrying out the proposed development. All contractors and sub-contractors will be informed of these requirements. This project conforms to all relevant laws and regulations of the Maldives.
3.1 Relevant Environmental Legislation
3.1.1 Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (Act no. 4/93)
The Environmental Protection and Preservation Act (4/93) enacted on 19 March 1993 is the framework law related to environment protection in the Maldives. The authority responsible for the Environment Act is the Ministry of Environment and Energy.
Articles 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the law are relevant to the harbour extension project in Maradhoo- Feydhoo Island.
Article 2 states that the concerned government authorities shall provide the necessary guidelines and advise on environmental protection in accordance with the prevailing conditions and needs of the country. All concerned parties shall take due considerations of the guidelines provided by the government authorities
The project proponent and contractors shall abide by any guidelines or advice given by the concerned Government authorities for the project.
Article 4 states that the Ministry of Environment shall be responsible for identifying protected areas and natural reserves and for drawing up the necessary rules and regulations for their protections and preservation.
The project developers and contractors shall ensure that there is no negative impact from the proposed project on sensitive environments in the vicinity or protected species.
According to Article 5 (a) of the Act, an Environmental Impact Assessment study shall be submitted to the Ministry of Environment before implementing any development project that may have a potential impact on the environment.
According to Article 5 (b), The Ministry of Environment shall formulate the guidelines for EIA and shall determine the projects that need such assessment as mentioned in paragraph (a) of this clause.
This report is prepared to fulfil this clause.
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According to Article 6, the Ministry of Environment has the authority to terminate any project that has any undesirable impact on the environment. A project so terminated shall not receive any compensation
Project proponent and contractors shall be aware of this provision and contractors shall take all practical measures to ensure there is no irreversible and significant negative impact of the projects on the environment
Article 7 of the EPPA (4/93) states that any type of waste, oil, poisonous gases or any substances that may have harmful effects on the environment shall not be disposed within the territory of the Maldives. In cases where the disposal of the substances becomes absolutely necessary, they shall be disposed only within the areas designated for the purpose by the government. If such waste is to be incinerated, appropriate precaution should be taken to avoid any harm to the health of the population.
All project contractors shall comply with the Environmental Management Plan presented in this report, which specifies how the wastes, oil and gases generated by the project will be disposed.
Article 8 of the EPPA (4/93) states that Hazardous/ Toxic or Nuclear Waste that is harmful to human health and the environment shall not be disposed anywhere within the territory of the country.
Any hazardous wastes that may be generated from this project shall be transferred to the designated waste site in Thilafushi for disposal according to Government regulations and standards. It should not be disposed on the Island, as it does not have the necessary facility
3.1.2 Employment Act (Act no. 2/2008)
The Employment Act is the legal framework to govern the rights and responsibilities of the migrant workers in the Maldives is included in the Employment Act (2/2008) that was ratified and signed into law in May 2008. The Employment Act provides for the creation of a Labour Relations Authority, an Employment Tribunal and an Advisory Board on wages.
To date, four amendments have been brought to the Employment Act (2/2008). All contractors shall be required to undertake ethical recruitment and responsible employment of workers during the construction stage of the project.
During the operation stage an ethical recruitment and responsible employment policy and system will be developed and implemented and amendments were made through the following Acts: 14/2008; 12/2010; 3/2014; 14/2015.
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All contractors shall be required to undertake ethical recruitment and responsible employment of workers during the construction stage of the project.
3.1.3 Immigration Act (Act no. 1/2007)
The Maldives Immigration Act (1/2007) lays down the rules for entry, departure and deportation of foreign nationals. Article 15 of the Act provides for work visa: the permit to remain in the Maldives for the duration of a work permit granted to a foreign national visiting the Maldives for the purpose of working, where a work permit has been obtained by that foreign national consistent with the regulations of the concerned Government authority.
It is anticipated that skilled foreign migrant workers will be employed during the construction stage of the project. Special emphasis will need to be given to ensure that all workers have the relevant work visas and proper documentation while working in the Maldives.
3.2 Relevant Regulations and Guidelines
3.2.1 Environmental Impact Assessment Regulation 2012
Environmental Impact Assessment regulations were issued by Environment Ministry on 8 May 2012. The first step in environmental assessment process involves screening of the project to be classified as one that requires an EIA or not. Based on this decision, the Ministry then decides the scope of the EIA, which is discussed with the proponent and the EIA consultants in a “scoping meeting”. The consultants then undertake the EIA starting with baseline studies, impact prediction and finally reporting the findings with impact mitigation and monitoring programme. This report follows the principles and procedures for EIA outlined in the EIA regulations.
The EIA report is reviewed by MEE following which an EIA Decision Note is given to the proponent who will have to implement the Decision Note accordingly. As a condition of approval, appropriate environmental monitoring may be required and the proponent shall have to report monitoring data at required intervals to the Ministry. The project proponent is committed to implement all impact mitigation measures that are specified in this EIA report. Furthermore, the proponent is committed to environmental monitoring and shall fulfil environmental monitoring requirements that may be specified in the EIA decision note as a condition for project approval.
This report complies with the EIA regulations.
3.2.2 The Environmental Liability Regulation (Regulation 2011/R-9)
This law is pursuant to Article 22 of national constitution that states that protection, preservation and maintenance of the Maldivian natural environment, the richness of the living species, the
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|32 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City natural resources and the beauty of the Maldives for the present generations as well as for the future generations is a basic obligation of the Maldivian government. The government shall enforce that the activities conducted in order to gain economic and social development should be of sustainable nature that protect the environment and such activities shall not deteriorate the environment, endanger any species, damage the environment, and shall not waste any natural resources.
This regulation is also pursuant to Environment Protection and Preservation Act of Maldives (4/93). The regulation is aimed at maintaining equal standards for reprimanding and enforcing environmental liabilities, fines for those who violate the rules and regulations and give guidance to those who are involved in the implementation process of the regulations pursuant to Preservation Act of Maldives (4/93).
One of the key objectives of the environmental liability regulation is also to practice polluter- pay-principles in the Maldives.
All project developer and contractors shall be aware of this provision and contractors shall take all practical measures to ensure that all relevant laws and regulations, and the EMP proposed in this EIA is followed.
3.2.3 Regulation on Dredging and Land Reclamation
The regulation of Dredging and Land Reclamation was published on 2 April 2013 with the aim of minimising environmental impacts associated with dredging activities in islands and reefs across Maldives.
− The regulation defines the rationales acceptable for dredging as those related to approved development activities on inhabited islands and economic islands. It defines that those activities should be if utmost necessity for dredging to be considered.
− All dredging and reclamation activities must be approved by EPA in writing. The process includes the submission of project information to EPA along with a scaled before and after map.
The regulation defines rationales for reclamation as those absolutely necessary for social, economic or safety purpose.
− Dredging is restricted in the following areas: o 500 m from the ocean side reef edge o 50 m from any island vegetation line o An environmentally sensitive site
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− Land reclamation is restricted within 200 m of a sensitive area.
− Land reclamation cannot exceed 30% of the house reef area.
The proposed dredging falls within restricted area identified in the regulation: 50 m from the islands vegetation line. However as this is already an extension of an existing harbour basin, it is recommended for the proponent to further discuss with the EPA as per section 13 sub-section D of the regulation as this project has important economic and social implications to the island.
3.2.4 Waste Management Regulation 2013
Waste Management Regulation (WMR) was published on August 2013 and came into effect in February 2014. It is implemented by EPA. The aim of WMR is to implement the national waste policy, which contains specific provisions to:
− Implement measures to minimize impacts on human health
− Formulate and implement waste management standards
− Implement an integrated framework for sustainable waste management
− Encourage waste minimisation, reuse and recycling
− Implement Polluter-Pays Principle
− Introduce Extended Producer Responsibility WMR contains four main sections:
− Waste management standards: Defines standards for waste collection, transfer, treatment, storage, waste site management, landfills and managing hazardous waste.
− Waste management Permits: Defines approval procedures for waste sites
− Waster transfer: Standards and permits required for waste transport on land and sea, including trans-boundary movements.
− Reporting requirements: Defines reporting and monitoring requirements and procedures.
− Enforcement: Defines procedures to implement WRM and penalties for non- compliance. The proponent shall use registered vessels under this regulation for transporting waste to nearest designated waste management site.
The proponent should also ensure compliance from the subcontractors in handling and transport of waste from the island to the designated waste site
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3.2.5 Compliance
In general, the proposed developments are in compliance with the laws and regulations described above. Where there is a special requirement to comply, the EMP identifies measures and mechanisms required to comply
3.3 Environmental Permits Required for the Project
3.3.1 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Decision Note
The most important environmental permit to initiate project work would be a decision regarding this EIA. The EIA Decision Note, as it is referred to, shall govern the manner in which the project activities must be undertaken. This EIA report assists decision makers in understanding the existing environment and potential impacts of the project. Therefore, the Decision Note may only be given to the Proponent after a review of this document following which the Ministry may request for further information or provide a decision if further information is not required. In some cases, where there are no major environmental impacts associated with the project, the Ministry may provide the Decision Note while at the same time requesting for further information.
3.3.2 Dredging and Reclamation Permit
Prior to any coastal work that requires dredging or reclamation, a special permit has to be taken from the EPA. A specific form published by EPA has to be completed and submitted for the approval. EIA application form will only be accepted when the form is submitted with the costal modification approval given by EPA in writing.
Dredging and Reclamation approval for this project will be issued by EPA at the time of issuing the Decision Note.
3.3.3 Ministry of Environment and Energy
The Ministry of Environment is mandated for the effective implementation of the Environmental Protection Act of the country and has the statutory power over issues related to the environment. It has the central control over the environment protection, management, conservation and environmental emergencies. The Ministry operates mainly at a policy level and the more regulatory and technical assessment activities are mandated to EPA. All aspects related to EIA process are now transferred to Ministry of Tourism. However, implementations of all other relevant environment regulations are within the mandate of Ministry of Environment.
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3.3.4 Atoll Council
Under the Decentralization Act, Addu Atoll has an elected City Council located on Hithadhoo Island. The Addu City Council Office is the main focal point of Government Ministries and they co-ordinate and liaises with Government Ministries and elected island councils on all issues relating to the Atoll.
A copy of this EIA will have to be submitted to the Addu City Council prior to submission to the Environment Protection Agency. The letter of receipt is attached to Appendix K.
3.4 Guiding Policies and Documents
3.4.1 National Environmental Action Plan II (NEAP II)
The aim of NEAP II is to protect and preserve the environment of the Maldives and to sustainably manage the country’s natural resources for the collective benefit and enjoyment of present and future generations.
Accordingly, the key strategies of the NEAP II are:
− Continuous assessment of the state of the environment in the Maldives, including impacts of human activities on land, atmosphere, freshwater, lagoons, reefs and the ocean; and the effects of these activities on human well-being
− Development and implementation of management methods suitable for the natural and social environment of the Maldives and maintain or enhance environmental quality and protect human health, while at the same time using resources on a sustainable basis
− Ensure stakeholder participation in the decision making process by consultation and collaboration with all relevant sectors of society
− Preparation and implementation of comprehensive national environmental legislation in order to provide for responsible and effective management of the environment
− Adhering to international and regional environmental conventions and agreements and implementation of commitments embodied in such conventions. Furthermore, NEAP II specifies priority actions in the following areas:
− Climate change and sea level rise; coastal zone management; Biological diversity conservation; integrated reef resources management;
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− Integrated water resources management;
− Management of solid waste and sewerage;
− Pollution control and management of hazardous waste;
− Sustainable tourism development;
− Land resources management and sustainable agriculture
− Human settlement and urbanization.
3.4.2 Waste Management Policy
The aim of the waste management policy is to formulate and implement guidelines and means for solid waste management in order to maintain a healthy environment. Accordingly, the key elements of the policy include:
− Ensure safe disposal of solid waste and encourage recycling and reduction of waste generated;
− Develop guidelines on waste management and disposal and advocate to enforce such guidelines through inter-sectorial collaboration;
− Ensure safe disposal of chemical, hazardous and industrial waste. The proponents of this project must be aware of the policy and all solid and hazardous waste produced in this project should be disposed according to the Environmental Management Plan for the project, which reflects the principles of the Waste Management Policy
3.5 International Conventions
3.5.1 Convention on Biological Diversity
The Maldives is a party to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity. The objective of the convention is “the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources, including by appropriate access to genetic resources and by appropriate transfer of relevant technologies, taking into account all rights over those resources and to technologies, and by appropriate funding”. The proposed development activities outlined in this project does not fall on any area recognised for its ecological value. Therefore, it is unlikely there will be a major loss of biodiversity. The loss is not going to be significant at atoll or national level. Yet, it is recommended that the developer ensure that silt screens are used during dredging works, construction of the jetty and breakwaters to minimise any impact on the marine biodiversity.
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4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT
4.1 Physical Environment
4.1.1 Meteorology
4.1.1.1 Climate
The climate in Maldives is warm and humid, typical of the tropics. The average temperature ranges between 25C to 30C and relative humidity varies from 73 percent to 85 percent. The annual average rainfall is approximately 1,948 mm. As Maldives lies on the equator, Maldives receives plenty of sunshine throughout the year. Significant variation is observed in the climate between the northern and the southern atolls. The annual average rainfall in the southern atolls is higher than the northern atolls. In addition, greater extremes of temperature are also recorded in the southern atolls. On average southern atolls receive 2704 hours of sunshine each year. Table 4.1 provides a summary of key meteorological findings for Maldives.
Table 4.1: Key Meteorological information of the Maldives
Parameter Data Average Rainfall 9.1mm/day in May, November; 1.1mm/day in February Maximum Rainfall 184.5 mm/day in October 1994 Average air 30.0 °C in November 1973; 31.7 °C in April temperature Extreme Air 34.1 °C in April 1973; 17.2 °C in April 1978 Temperature Average wind speed 3.7 m/s in March; 5.7 m/s in January, June Maximum wind speed W 31.9 m/s in November 1978 Average air pressure 1012 mb in December; 1010 mb in April
The climate of Maldives is characterised by the monsoons of the Indian Ocean. Monsoon wind reversal significantly affects weather patterns. Two monsoon seasons are observed in Maldives: the Northeast (Iruvai) and the Southwest (Hulhangu) monsoon. The parameters that best distinguish the two monsoons are wind and rainfall patterns. The southwest monsoon is the rainy season while the northeast monsoon is the dry season. The southwest monsoon occurs from May to September and the northeast monsoon is from December to February. The transition period of southwest monsoon occurs between March and April while that of northeast monsoon occurs from October to November.
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4.1.1.2 Winds
The winds that occur across Maldives are mostly determined by the monsoon seasons. The two monsoons are considered mild given that Maldives is located close to the equator. As a result, strong winds and gales are infrequent although storms and line squalls can occur, usually in the period May to July. During stormy conditions gusts of up to 60 knots have been recorded at Male’.
Wind has been uniform in speed and direction over the past twenty-plus monsoon seasons in the Maldives (Naseer, 2003). Wind speed is usually higher in central region of Maldives during both monsoons, with a maximum wind speed recorded at 18 m/s for the period 1975 to 2001. Mean wind speed as highest during the months May and October in the central region. Wind analysis indicates that the monsoon is considerably stronger in central and northern region of Maldives compared to the south (Naseer, 2003).
Besides the annual monsoonal wind variations there are occasional tropical climatic disturbances (tropical storms or low intensity tropical cyclones) in the central region which increases wind speeds up to 110 km/h, precipitation to 30 to 40 cm over a 24 hour period and storm surges up to 3 m in open ocean (UNDP, 2006).
Table 4.2 summarizes the wind conditions in central Maldives throughout a year. Medium term meteorological data from Gan meteorological Centre (see Figure 4.1, and Figure 4.2) and findings from long-term Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) are used in this analysis.
Table 4.2: Summary of general wind conditions from Maldives Meteorological Centre
Season Month Wind December Predominantly from NW-NE. NE - Monsoon January High Speeds from W February From all directions. Mainly W. Transition Period 1 March High Speeds from W. April May Mainly from W. SW - Monsoon June July High Speeds from W. August September October Mainly from W. Transition Period 2 November High Speeds from W
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Figure 4.1: Monthly frequencies of wind direction in based on Gan 1978-2004 (adapted from Naseer, 2003)
Figure 4.2: 18 year wind frequencies recorded at Gan.
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Figure 4.3: Mean daily wind speed and direction recorded at Gan (1978 to 2004)
The Disaster Risk Profile of Maldives (UNDP, 2006) reports 11 cyclonic events over the Maldives in the last 128 years and only one event over the central Maldives. All of these events were of category 1 cyclones. There have been no cyclonic events since 1993.
Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island is located in the lowest risk zone for cyclonic hazards in Maldives. The area is not expected to receive strong winds that could generate cyclones (UNDP, 2006). The project site is expected to receive regular annual strong winds during the peak SW monsoon.
4.1.1.3 Rainfall
The average annual rainfall for the archipelago is 2,124 mm. There are regional variations in average annual rainfall: southern atolls receive approximately 2,280 mm, and northern atolls receive approximately 1,790 mm annually (MEC, 2004). Mean monthly rainfall also varies substantially throughout the year with the dry season getting considerably less rainfall. This pattern is less prominent in the southern half, however. The proportions of flood and drought years are relatively small throughout the archipelago, and the southern half is less prone to drought (UNDP, 2006).
The nearest meteorological station to Maradhoo Island with long term available data is the Gan Meteorological Centre in Gan Island, Addu Atoll. The mean annual rainfall in Gan Meteorological Station is 2299.3 mm with a Standard Deviation of 364.8mm and a mean monthly rainfall of 191.6mm. Rainfall varies throughout the year with mean highest rainfall during October, December and May and lowest between February and April (See Figure 4.4).
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Mean Monthly Rainfall in Gan 300
250
200
150
100 Mean Rainfall MeanRainfall (mm) 50
0 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month
Figure 4.4: Mean monthly rainfall in Gan
Analysis of daily maximum annual rainfall data shows high variability, including extremes (see Figure 4.5 below). However, no significant long-term trends are evident in the Hulhulé data.
Figure 4.5: Maximum daily rainfall by year in Hulhule’ (1975 – 2005) (Source: Hay, 2006)
Probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for a 24-hour period is an important parameter for designing drainage system or development activities that may alter the topography. The Disaster Risk profile of Maldives (UNDP, 2006) gives the PMP values for Gan as provided in Table 4.3, which is the highest for any part of Maldives.
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Table 4.3: Probable maximum precipitation for various periods in Gan (UNDP, 2006)
Return Period Station 50 year 100 year 200 year 500 year Gan 218.1 238.1 258.1 284.4
4.1.1.4 Temperature
Daily temperatures of Maldives vary little throughout the year with a mean annual temperature of 28C. The annual mean maximum temperature recorded for Male’ during the period 1967- 1995 was 30.4C and the annual mean minimum temperature for the same period was 25.7C. The highest recorded temperature for Male’ was 34.1C on 16th and 28th of April 1973. The hottest month recorded was April 1975 with a maximum monthly average temperature of 32.7C, the next highest being 32.6C in April 1998. The lowest minimum average temperature of 23.7C was recorded in July 1992.
There is considerable inter annual variability in extreme temperatures for Hulhulé as shown in Figure 4.6. A maximum temperature of at least 33.5oC is rare at Hulhulé and has a return period of 20 years (Hay, 2006).
Figure 4.6: Maximum temperature by year in Hulhulé, 1975 – 2005 (Hay, 2006)
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4.1.2 Hydrology
4.1.2.1 Tidal Pattern
Water levels at the site vary mainly in response to tides, storm surge or tsunamis. Tides in the Maldives are mixed and semi-diurnal/diurnal.
Tidal variations are referred to the standard station in at Gan Island located approximately 3.6 km from the Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island. Typical spring and neap tidal ranges are approximately 1.0m and 0.3m, respectively (MEC, 2004). Maximum spring tidal range in Gan is approximately 1.1m. There is also a 0.2m seasonal fluctuation in regional mean sea level, with an increase of about 0.1m during February to April and a decrease of 0.1m during September to November. The predicted tide curve for the period between 9th July and 8th August is presented below.
Figure 4.7: Predicted tides for 9th July to 8th August 2018, Department of Meteorology, Maldives
4.1.2.2 Wave Conditions
There are two major types of waves reaching the coasts of Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island: long distance swells waves and monsoonal wind waves. Studies undertaken in Fuvahmulah provides an insight into the wave regimes around the region (see Table 4.4).
The local monsoon waves generated mainly during the NE monsoon affects the eastern coastline of the island. These waves are generally with a period of 2-5 seconds and sometime at 0.5 m within the atoll. The estimated wave patterns around the island are summarised in Figure 4.8.
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Table 4.4 Wave regimes in neighbouring Fuvahmulah Atoll
Season Total Long Short Period Period NE - Predominantly from E-S. From S-SW Mainly E-NE. High waves from Monsoon High Waves from W W Transition Mainly from SE-E From S-SW Mainly from NE-SE Period 1 SW - From SE-SW. Mainly From S-SW Mainly from SE-S. High waves Monsoon from S. High Waves also from West from W Transition As SW monsoon From S-SW From SE-W. Higher waves Period 2 from West
Source: Fuvahmulah Harbour Development EIA
The long distance swell waves approach mainly from a S-SW direction and is dominant throughout the year (Young, 1999). These waves come with a wave period of 14-20 seconds with a maximum height of 3.0 m in Open Ocean. The estimated wave propagation pattern for swell waves are plotted in figure below.
During the NE monsoon winds generated within the atoll can create wind waves with a wave period of 2-5 seconds and with wave heights at 0.5 m.
Hence, Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island is affected by wind waves from the west during the SW monsoon and wind waves from within the atoll during NE monsoon.
Waves studies around Maldives have identified the presence of swell waves approaching predominantly from a southwest to a southerly direction Kench et. al (2006), Young (1999), DHI(1999), Binnie Black & Veatch (2000) and Naseer (2003). Being located on the western rim of Addu Atoll, Hankede is highly exposed to predominant swell waves from the SW as well as the abnormal swell waves originating from intense storms in the southern hemisphere between 73°E and 130°E longitude. The island is relatively protected from the regular (weaker) swell waves approaching from the SE. However, the atoll reef passes (Gan reef pass and Viligilli reef pass) allows residual swell waves to penetrate through them and reach the eastern shoreline of Hankede. Waves generated from abnormal events could travel against the predominant swell propagation patterns (Goda, 1998), causing flooding on the eastern and southern islands of Maldives (UNDP, 2009).
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Wave activity may be strongest on the western side during the peak SW monsoon in May, October and November. In addition, storm events are likely to cause significant run-up onto the coastline, perhaps, leading to sediment loss.
4.1.2.3 Swell waves and storm surges
Waves studies around Maldives have identified the presence of swell waves approaching predominantly from a southwest to a southerly direction [Kench et. al (2006), Young (1999), DHI(1999), Binnie Black & Veatch (2000) and Naseer (2003)].
The timing of the long distance swell waves are associated with the South Indian Ocean storm activity (Young 1999). Waves generated from abnormal events could also travel against the predominant swell propagation patterns (Goda, 1998), causing flooding on the eastern and southern islands of Maldives (UNDP, 2009). The island is generally protected from periodic swell waves approaching from the South East and West as the project site is in the lagoon side and not directly exposed to these swell waves. However, refracted swells approaching through the Gan reef pass can still affect the site.
In addition to swell waves, islands of the Maldives are also exposed to storm surges associated with localized storms and cyclonic events (UNDP 2009). However, the Disaster Risk Assessment report (UNDP, 2006), reported that Maradhoo-Feydhoo is located at a very low surge hazard zone and in the lowest risk cyclonic hazard zone of Maldives.
The proposed side is on the western rim of the atoll and hence is in a low surge hazard zone.
4.1.2.4 Currents
In general, currents which affect the sea areas around the islands reef system can be the result of one or more of tidal currents, wind-induced currents and wave-induced currents. It is presumed that generally current flow through the country is defined by the two-monsoon season winds. Westward flowing currents are dominant from January to March with the change in current flow pattern taking place in April and December (Kench et. al, 2006). In April the westward currents become weak while the eastward currents start to take over. In December the eastward currents are weak with the westward currents becoming more prominent. Hence, currents within the site are very likely to be heavily influenced by the monsoons. However, these measurements will be affected by the tide cycle as well.
Current measurements were undertaken on the island during field visits (SW monsoon) during daytime low tide. Generally, long-term studies are required to establish the prevailing site- specific current patterns. However, due to time limitations of the present study a snapshot
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These measurements should be treated with caution as it represents data for a single day and was observed only in a one hour window. Prolonged measurements over two seasons are required to provide exact values of current speed.
4.1.3 Water Quality Assessment
The primary objective of the marine water quality assessment was to determine the present conditions of the marine water around the project site.
The water samples were submitted to the Male’ Water and Sewerage Company (MWSC) for analysis on the 05th August 2019
Al the parameters analysed were within the optimum recommended range.
Table 4.5: Water Quality Results for seawater samples, 29th July 2018
Optimal Results Parameter Range SW1 SW2 SW2 (EPA) Clear Clear with particles Clear with particles Physical appearance
Temperature (Celsius)* 18-32 23.5 23.5 23.6 pH 8.0 – 8.3 7.94 8.27 8.15 <3 <0.1 (LoQ 0.1 0.262 0.255 Turbidity (NTU) NTU) Salinity (%) 3.2-4.2% 34.18 33.66 33.40 *ex-situ reading
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Figure 4.8: Estimated wave conditions around Maradho-Feydhoo Island
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Figure 4.9: Currents measurement at Maradhoo Island on 3h August 2019
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Figure 4.10: Existing coastal modifications around the island and Maradhoo
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4.1.4 Coastal Assessment
The project site is a heavily modified site with extensive shore protection measures (See Figure 4.10). There is no beach on the eastern side of Maradhoo-Feydhoo or on the neighbouring islands. Thus, no detailed shoreline assessment such as beach profiles was undertaken.
The surveyed low tide and vegetation lines are presented in Appendix F.
Survey results have been summarized in survey location map in Appendix E. The vegetation line and low tide line are also identified in this map.
A pictorial summary of the coastal conditions in the immediate vicinity are presented below.
Figure 4.11: (a) Protected shoreline south of the harbour and; (b) north of the harbour
Figure 4.12: (a) looking towards harbour from south and; (b) from north
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4.1.5 Bathymetry
A detailed bathymetric survey of the study site was undertaken during the field visit on August 2019. Survey results have been summarized in bathy charts Appendix F. The depth figures presented are in meters below sea level (MSL).
The results show that much of the channel and current basin is currently about or deeper than - 3.0 MSL. Hence, much of the area identified for dredging is already meeting the design criteria. However the new basin area and reclamation area is shallower than 1 metres on average.
4.1.6 Existing Harbour Condition
The harbour is located in the north-eastern shoreline of the island. The harbour has an L-shaped concrete quay wall towards the island side. No quay wall is present on the sides of the harbour basin. The length of the harbour is 160m and the width varies between 75-80m. Two sections of the existing quay wall in the middle of the harbour measuring approximately 10m and 20m has completely deteriorated and fallen off (See Figure 4.15 and 4.16). Large cracks were observed on the remaining sections of the quay wall. The quay walls are currently used for mooring by vessels accessing the harbour. The harbour is adjacent to the Link Road. Pavement width for the existing harbour is approximately 5m.
The oceanward side of the harbour has a detached breakwater wall constructed using cement filled bags that has deteriorated over time (see Figure 4.13). Bathymetry survey conducted for this assessment show that the channel and the basin approximately -3.0 MSL.
Figures below show the present condition of Maradhoo-Feydhoo harbour.
Figure 4.13: Damaged breakwater during high tide
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Figure 4.14: Existing channel and breakwater
Figure 4.15: Existing quay wall showing the deteriorated central section of the quay wall
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Figure 4.16: Deteriorated central section of the existing quay wall
4.2 Biological Environment
4.2.1 Terrestrial Environment
Flora
Terrestrial assessments were carried out at the key project area around Maradhoo-Feydhoo harbor.
The site was devoid of trees apart from a few overgrown Ipili (Leucaena leucocephala), one Uni and some small Kuredhi Trees. These tress have mostly grown just next or through the existing quaywall and revetment.
Fauna
Crustaceans observed along the shorelines of the site include the Stalk-eyed Ghost crab (Ocypode ceratophtalmus), the Little Ghost crab (Ocypode cordimana) and the Variable Land Hermit Crab (Coenobita variabilis). No amphibians were observed during the field visit.
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Figure 4.17: Ipil ipil growing through the revetment Figure 4.18: Two trees growing around the damaged areas of the quaywall
4.2.2 Marine Environment: Benthic Substrate and Fish Survey
Quantitative benthic surveys and fish census survey were carried out at two locations along the reef edge facing the atoll lagoon. The following table summarizes the results of the surveys carried out these locations.
Average live coral coverage recorded along both transect lines were very low, and overall fish density along both transects were also low.
Table 4.6: Summary of live coral coverage and fish census surveys – August 2019
Transect Depth Coral cover Fish Species Fish Density lines (m) (%±SE) Richness (Fish per m2) 2019 2019 2019 Transect 1 2.3 6.02%±2.81SE 30 0.5 Transect 2 2.7 1.60%±0.88SE 23 0.5
4.2.2.1 Transect 1
This transect line was deployed at 2.3 m depth, along top reef of North West of the harbour. Horizontal visibility at the time of the survey extended about 15 meters. This transect line was predominantly made up of a rocky bottom covered in sand interspersed with rubble. Live coral coverage was very low at this site, making up about 6% of the transect area, and were mainly massive type coral heads (Montipora).
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Figure 4.19: Select images showing reef condition along Transect 1
60
50 SE
± 40
30
% Mean % Cover 20
10
0 Live Coral Zonathids Macroalgae DCA Sand Rubble Rock % Cover 6.02 0.4 21.18 0.8 16.7 14.82 40.08
Figure 4.20: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 1
A total of 30 fish species 11 fish families were recorded during the fish census. Highest number of fishes was recorded from families Labridae (Wrasse - 6 species), and Acanthuridae (Surgeonfish - 6 species). Members of Wrasse are predominantly carnivores (feed on benthic invertebrates, skin parasites and Zooplankton) while members of Surgeonfish family are herbivores (algae grazers)
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Table 4.7: Summary of Fish Census along Transect 1
Abundance Family Species Common Name Transect 1 Holocentridae Myripristis murdjan Crimson Soldierfish 2 Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineata Monacle Bream 2 Mullidae Parupeneus barberinus Dash-and-Dot Goatfish 2 Chaetodon lunula Racoon Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodontidae Chaetodon falcula Double-saddle Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodon meyeri Meyer's Butterflyfish 2 Chaetodon auriga Threadfin Butterflyfish 2 Pomacanthidae Pygoplites diacanthus Regal Angelfish 2 Amphiprion nigripes Maldivian Anemonefish 3 Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Scribbled Damsel 2 Pomacentridae Pomacentrus indicus Indian Damsel 2 Pomacentrus chrysurus White-tail Damsel 2 Labroides dimidiatus Blue-streak Cleaner Wrasse 2 Gomphosus caeruleus Bird Wrasse 2 Thalassoma hardwicke Six-bar Wrasse 3 Labridae Cheilinus fasciatus Banded Maori Wrasse 2 Halichoeres vrolikii Vroliks's Wrasse 2 Hemigymnus melapterus Half-and-half Wrasse 2 Scarus frenatus Bridled Parrotfish 2 Scaridae Scarus sordidus Shabby Parrotfish 3 Scarus niger Dusky Parrotfish 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish 3 Acanthurus lineatus Lined Surgeonfish 3 Acanthurus triostegus Convict Surgeonfish 2 Acanthuridae Ctenochaetus striatus Fine-lined Bristletooth 2 Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang 3 Acanthurus nigrofuscus Dusky Surgeonfish 2 Siganidae Siganus stellatus Starry Rabbitfish 2 Balistidae Rhinecanthus aculeatus Picasso Triggerfish 2
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4.2.2.2 Transect 2
This transect was deployed at 2.7 m depth, along the top reef south east of the existing harbour. Horizontal visibility along at this location was about 20 meters at the time of the survey.
Analysis of the photos shows that the dominant benthic substrate at this site was rock covered in layer of turf algae. Live coral coverage was very low at this site, making up about 1.60% of the surveyed area. The main coral type observed was massive type corals.
Figure 4.20: Select images showing reef condition along Transect 2
60
50
40
SE ±
30
% Mean % Cover 20
10
0 Live Coral Macroalgae DCA Rock Rubble % Cover 1.6 36.66 2 42.94 16.8
Figure 4.21: Benthic substrate composition along Transect 2
A total of 23 fish species 9 fish families were recorded during the fish census. Highest number of fishes was recorded from families Acanthuridae (7 species).
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Table 4.8: Summary of fish census along Transect 2
Abundance Family Species Common Name Transect 2 Sargocentron caudimaculatum White-tail Squirrelfish 2 Holocentridae Neoniphon argenteus Silver squirrelfish 2 Serranidae (Groupers) Cephalopholis argus Peacock Rock Cod 2 Lutjanidae Lutjanus monostigma One-spot Snapper 3 Chaetodon trifasciatus Pinstriped Butterflyfish 3 Chaetodontidae Chaetodon meyeri Meyer's Butterflyfish 2 Pygoplites diacanthus Regal Angelfish 2 Pomacanthidae Centropyge multispinis Many-spined angelfish 2 Amphiprion nigripes Maldivian Anemonefish 3 Pomacentrus nagasakiensis Scribbled Damsel 2 Pomacentridae Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus Jewel Damsel 2 Halichoeres hortulanus Checkerboard Wrasse 2 Labroides dimidiatus Blue-streak Cleaner Wrasse 2 Labridae Thalassoma hardwicke Six-bar Wrasse 2 Scarus frenatus Bridled Parrotfish 2 Scaridae Scarus sordidus Shabby Parrotfish 2 Acanthurus leucosternon Powder-blue Surgeonfish 2 Acanthurus lineatus Lined Surgeonfish 3 Acanthurus triostegus Convict Surgeonfish 4 Ctenochaetus striatus Fine-lined Bristletooth 2 Zebrasoma scopas Brown Tang 3 Naso lituratus Orange-spine Unicornfish 2 Acanthuridae Naso brachycentron Humpback Unicornfish 2 Asteroidea Acanthaster planci Crown of Thorns sea star 2
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4.2.2.3 Visual Snorkelling Survey
Visual snorkelling surveys were carried out at select locations of the lagoon that may be affected by the proposed project.
Site C1 and C2
Sites C1 is located North-West of the harbour, C2 is located on the Southern side of the harobur. The shallow reef flat at this location extends about 160 m from the islands shoreline towards the atoll basin. Average water depth ranged from <0.5 – 1 m. This zone is relatively flat and was made up of seagrass bed. Dominant type of seagrass species observed was Thalassia hemprichii. In addition colonies of Funnel weed, clumps of Halimedia and filamentous algae were observed across the site. The site conditions does not allow for significant growth of corals along the reef flat, only very few isolated massive type corals were observed in this area. Sea Urchins, and invertebrates like the Spider Shell were observed in this zone.
Figure 4.22: Left panel shows bed of Thalassia hemprichii, right panel shows some Funnel Weed
Figure 4.23: Right panel shows clumps of Halimedia among filamentous algae, left panel shows few Cake Urchin hiding under seagrass
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The reef flat terminates to a reef edge and slope. The width of the reef edge varies 10 m – 40 m and water depth of 1 m - 2 m. This zone is also relatively flat with a gentle vertical relief when moving from the reef flat towards the reef slope. This zone possesses the highest live coral coverage with coral cover ranging from 10–20%. Dominant coral type observed was massive type corals, in addition patches of plate corals were observed along the reef edge. Main type of fishes observed at this area belonged to Surgeonfish and Parrotfish families.
Figure 4.24: Coral colonies observed along the reef edge
Site B1 and B2
B1 is located on the north-west of the existing harbour closer to the outer wall of the harbour thick seagrass beds and clusters of Tubinaria sp. occurs. B2 is located on the south-western side of the existing harbour. Similar to B1, closer to the harbour wall thick seagrass bed.
At both sites the reef edge was made up of massive type coral colonies, in addition few patches of foliose type corals were observed. Main type of fish species observed belong to Surgeonfish family.
Figure 4.25: Left panel shows Tubinaria sp. clusters, right panel shows a bed of seagrass
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Figure 4.26: Left panel massive type coral colonies, right panel shows foliose type coral colonies
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4.3 Socio-economic setting
This section presents the current socio-economic setting of Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, based on Census 2014 and information provided by Maradhoo-Feydhoo Town Office.
The total population of the Addu Atoll is 19,829. According to Census 2014, Maradhoo-Feydhoo has a registered population of 1863, however the resident population of Maradhoo-Feydhoo is 1153 according to the census. There are also 415 migrants living in the island.
The interconnected islands of Addu Atoll including Maradhoo-Feydhoo have a total population of 16,994 people.
4.3.1 Population Density
According to the census there are 242 registered households in the island. Based on the resident population information there are approximately 34 people per hectare of the island.
4.3.2 Education
There are no recent published reports on education statistics of Maradhoo-Feydhoo, thus all education-sector related information about Maradhoo-Feydhoo has been found through Maradhoo-Feydhoo Town Office.
There are two educational institutions in the island. The main educational institutions in Maradhoo-Feydhoo are Ujala preschool, and Maradhoofeydhoo School
4.3.3 Health
There are no recent published reports on health statistics of Maradhoo-Feydhoo, thus all health- sector related information about Maradhoo-Feydhoo has been provided on request by Maradhoo- Feydhoo Town Office
There is one centre in the island called Maradhoo-Feydhoo Health Centre. However, there are multiple clinics and a hospital in a close proximity in the interconnected islands of Addu which makes healthcare accessible to Maradhoo-Feydhoo residents.
4.3.4 Utilities and Infrastructure
Since there are no recent published reports on utilities of Maradhoo-Feydhoo all utility related information about the island has been provided on request by the Maradhoo-Feydhoo Town Office.
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The island has a harbour which was constructed but the quaywall and breakwater are damaged. The length of the harbour is 266m and the width varies between 100-112m. The harbour has a slipway, and pavement. No maintenance or repair work is known to have been done in the harbour since construction.
Electricity and water supply services in the island is provided by the FENAKA Corporation. There are no ongoing or planned non-renewable energy or renewable energy projects in the island. Almost all households also have rainwater tanks which they use for household needs.
Sewerage project is an ongoing project which is expected to be concluded in 2019.
The four islands use an area in an adjoined uninhabited island (part of Hithadhoo) to dispose waste. WAMCO is responsible for collecting waste and disposing it in this area.
4.3.5 Transport
The nearest airport to Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island is Gan Airport which is accessible by land. Maradhoo-Feydhoo is also interlinked with the islands Hithadhoo, Maradhoo, Feydhoo and Gan, making the island fairly accessible.
For public sea transport, Maradhoo-Feydhoo has cargo boats and multiple fishing boats.
For land transportation, motorcycles, buses, and cars are the most commonly used vehicles within the island.
4.3.6 Business and Employment
According to the Census, the main economic activity in Maradhoo-Feydhoo is Tourism and Food Services followed by Education. The total working population of Maradhoo-Feydhoo is 451.
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Figure 4.22: Number of people working in variouse economic sectors at S.Maradhoo-Feydhoo
4.3.7 Culture and Heritage
There are three sites considered as heritage sites in the study area. They are called Bondoge, Hirigau Ziyaarai, and Dhandivaru Ziyaarai.
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5 IMPACT IDENTIFICATION
5.1 Introduction
Potential adverse and beneficial impacts of construction and operation stage of the project are identified and evaluated in this section. Significant impacts are identified and evaluated in two stages. The first stage identifies environmental and socio-economic components that may be impacted from key project activities. The second stage determines significance of impacts of each component. The following sections provide details of the evaluation of impacts.
5.2 Boundaries of affected areas
The estimated boundaries of affected areas are summarised in Figure 5.1. These boundaries are based on physical conditions and work methods proposed in the project without any mitigation measures. The extents shown are not absolute and should be treated as the best-guess scenario based on past projects.
It has to be noted that these extents do not represent figures derived from sediment dispersal modelling. It is based purely on past experience from similar projects.
5.3 Identification of significant impacts
Environmental and socio-economic aspects that may be impacted by the changes to the project as identified in Table 5.1 are further evaluated to identify significant impacts. Where impacts are not applicable to different components, this is indicated as ‘X’. Some aspects may be affected both adversely (indicated as [-]) and beneficially (indicated as [+]) from the project.
Assessments of the impacts are conducted using the four criteria of Magnitude, Reversibility, Duration and Distribution as described below. Evaluation of key impacts is provided in Table 5.2.
1. Magnitude: Refers to the quantum of change that will be experienced as a consequence of the impact.
2. Reversibility: Refers to the degree of reversibility of an impact (i.e. ease of reversing the conditions).
3. Duration: Refers to the temporal scale (i.e. duration, frequency) of the impact. It does not take into account the duration of the impact’s effects.
4. Distribution: Refers to the spatial scale of the area impacted (e.g. a small portion of a reef or an entire lagoon)
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|66 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Estimates for negative impacts represent a ‘worst case scenario’ based on the assumption that the project will undergo full-scale development with no consideration for its environmental and social consequences, i.e. significance is assessed prior to implementation of mitigation measures. Values are attributed by the EIA team on the basis of direct observation of surveyed sites, professional judgment and pre-existing experience in development projects of similar nature.
5.4 Evaluation of Cumulative Impacts
While direct primary impacts are relatively easy to identify and evaluate, special consideration needs to be afforded to evaluating cumulative impacts. While it is relatively simple to identify and evaluate direct primary impacts, the complex nature of natural systems makes it difficult to accurately predict synergistic and interactive impacts of a particular development project. On the other hand, it is relatively simple to identify potential additive impacts.
The following sources of cumulative impacts were considered in evaluating the potential impacts of harbour redevelopment project.
- Time crowding: overall impacts of many similar concurrent developments. E.g. while many marine species and birds are relatively versatile and can relocate to other similar habitats following disturbances, concurrent developments in nearby habitats will reduce their chances of relocation and survival.
- Space crowding: high density of impacts on a single environmental medium. E.g. release of effluent from different sources into the same area.
- Indirect impacts: secondary and tertiary impacts resulting from an activity. E.g. groundwater contamination can affect the growth of terrestrial plants, which result in loss of habitat for terrestrial fauna.
- Triggers and thresholds: ecological systems can undergo fundamental changes beyond certain thresholds. Standards and guidelines have been developed based on anticipated threshold levels, for instance, in determining water quality. Such standards have been considered, where available.
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Figure 5.1: Estimated affected ares map
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|68 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Table 5.1: Impact Identification Matrix
Resources
Project Activity
and Services
Demand for
Ambient Ambient noise level Ambient air quality GHG emissions Groundwater CoastalProcesses Marine water TerrestrialFlora and Fauna SoilCondition Marine Flora and Fauna Landscape Integrity/ Scenery NaturalHazard Risk Healthand Safety LocalEconomy SocialCohesion
Mobilization - - - X X - X - X - X - X + + Worker accommodation and activities - X X X X X X X X - X + - + +/- Demolition works - - X X ------+ +/- +/- + + Equipment and material storage X X X - X X - - X - X - X X X Dredging - - - X +/- - X X - - X - X + X - Reclamation - - - X - - X X - - X X + X Construction of revetment - - - X +/- - X X - - + - X + X Construction of breakwater - - - X +/- - X X - - + - X + X Construction of quay wall - - - X +/- - X X - - + - X + X Pavement - - - X X X +/- +/- X - +/- - X + X Construction stage waste management X - - - X - - - - - X + X X X Demobilization - - - X X - X X X - X - X + + X (no impact), - (negative impact), + (positive impact)
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Table 5.2: Evaluation of key impacts on the natural and socio-economic environment
Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Interactions Noise pollution due to Indirect adverse impact operation of vehicles, heavy of noise pollution machineries during site includes increase preparation, demolition, medical expenses, Minor Easily Short Vicinity of Moderately Ambient noise level dredging, piling and reduction in negative reversible term project location significant breakwater construction. productivity of However these will not be workers, and those operated on a continuously for exposed. long period of time.
Indirect impacts include adverse health impact to those Degradation of ambient air exposed to high levels quality due to emissions from of dust, and toxic Minor Easily Short Vicinity of Ambient air quality vehicles, and dust during gases, increase in Insignificant negative reversible term project location demolition, transportation, and medical expenses, and construction activities. reduction in productivity of workers, and those exposed.
Cumulative increase Increase in GHGs emission; in GHG level of from the boat vessels, vehicles, Global atmosphere from Negligible Not applicable Short term Insignificant GHG emissions and operation of machineries various GHG level that emit GHGs. emission sources in the country
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Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Interactions
Vegetation and soil of Groundwater pollution: due the island will be to accidental spillage of fuel, adversely affected. lubricants, and seepage of high Moderate Groundwater Irreversible Long term Island level Major saline water into freshwater negative Groundwater used for lens from dredge material used non-potable uses can for backfilling. be affected Changes to hydrodynamics Insignificant as due to the construction of Coastal Processes Safer harbour Positive Not applicable Long term Island level there is no beach breakwater, reclaimed area, in the vicinity. revetment and basin
Indirect impact on Increased turbidity level of physiological fitness water: Dredging is expected to of marine organisms Short to Marine Water Major negative Reversible Site level Significant generate large sediment plumes, and community Medium term increasing the overall turbidity composition of the level of the seawater marine ecosystem.
Disturbance of avifauna Terrestrial Flora and associated with noise, and air Reversible in the - Minor negative Short term Site level Insignificant Fauna pollutants generated from long term construction activities; About three trees to be removed Indirect impacts include potential groundwater Soil contamination; accidental contamination, and plants in the area make Moderate Reversible in the Soil Condition spillage/leakage of fuel, Long term Site level Moderate lubricants or other chemicals take up contaminants negative long term used for construction. leading to accumulation of contaminants in the food chain.
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Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Interactions
Benthic marine organisms Indirect impact on inhabiting the new dredging, marine biodiversity breakwater, revetment and includes stress on the reclamation footprint will be marine ecosystem caused lost. by sediment plumes, and turbidity generated by Major Negative these works. Reversible. Long term Island level Major
Marine Flora and Fauna Direct physical damage to Cumulative adverse fishes, and other marine species impact on marine such as turtles within the ecosystem – on going, vicinity of these works. periodic warming of seas, and stressors to reefs are exposed.
Loss of visual amenity due to Landscape mobilization of large Minor negative Reversible Short term Site level Minor Integrity/Scenery construction vehicles and equipment
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Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Interactions
Increase in health and safety risk of those involved in the, construction, piling, rock works and dredging works. Potential traffic accidents with vehicle crossings Accidents related locals Possibly entering the work site - Moderate Long term Island level Significant Health and Safety irreversible Safer access to island and improved safety in loading and unloading due to better quay wall and more protected basin. Reduced risk of accidents by widening the harbor landing areas, and away from the Addu Link Road As workers will require food and other goods for their daily uses from the island, the demand for resources is expected to increase slightly. Possibly Demand for Resources - Moderate Long term Island level Significant irreversible If staff are accommodated in existing guest houses, there may be a shortage of guest house beds on the island.
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Indirect/ Cumulative Impact area Direct Impacts Impacts and Impact Magnitude Reversibility Duration Distribution Significance Interactions Trade of food and beverages and other daily necessities Local Economy would temporarily improve - Minor positive Not applicable Short term Island level Insignificant with incoming construction workers.
During mobilization and demobilization the effects of social cohesion will likely increase in order to facilitate If the requests for the contractors. harbor changes have an organized backing from There may be some members the civil society, the Social Cohesion of the community who would contractors may face Minor positive Not applicable Short term Island level Minor like to introduce additional delays due to works into the contract, like disruptions when trying deepening the basin, or to address new allowing access to the community concerns breakwater side, or changing the layout of the harbour.
The harbours will be well protected using breakwater and is unlikely to be directly affected by swells or flooding incidents, unless with a tsunami Flooding on link road Natural Hazard Risks or an abnormal swell event. Minor negative Reversible Short term Site level Moderate and difficulties driving Rainfall flooding can occur on the new reclamation meets the existing shoreline.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|74 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
6 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
6.1 Impacts on Natural Environment during Construction
6.1.1 Noise Pollution and Vibration Impacts
During the mobilisation of equipment and operation of heavy machinery, it is anticipated that significant noise will be generated. The following activities are expected to generate noise pollution.
a. Demolition work b. Sheet piling c. Breakwater construction d. Dredging and reclamation e. General construction
The key sensitive receptors in the project vicinity and likely impacts on them are summarised in Table 6.1 below and Figure 6.1.
Sensitive receptor Nearest Expected disturbances Likely Impacts on sensitive distance due to vibration and receptor and responses high noise levels Public offices 25-80 m • Vibration is likely to • Complaints from public (Island Office, social be felt in these sites to ward office and City centre, Island Court, during demolition and Council Bank of Maldives) piling, and possibly • Administration may in See Figure 6.1. during revetment turn complain to contractors works. • Noise level will is likely to exceed 60dBA during piling, demolition and rock works, possibly affecting work in these offices. • Structural damage cannot be forecasted without geotechnical investigations and
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Sensitive receptor Nearest Expected disturbances Likely Impacts on sensitive distance due to vibration and receptor and responses high noise levels structural conditions assessments. Use of Vibratory hammer is likely to substantially reduce potential for vibration related damage. Health Centre 25 m • Similar to above • Same as above • Vibration may affect any sensitive equipment on the site • Noise level may affect patients but the centre is not heavily used. School 109 m • Vibration impacts • Complaints from (Maradhoo_Feydhoo likely to be moderate school administration to island School) to minor administration • Noise impacts can • Administration may in exceed 55 dBA at turn complain to contractors times, particularly during the NE monsoon. • School activities may be occasionally affected Mosques (Masjidhul 145 m • Vibration impacts • No complaints Noor) likely to be minor expected as timings are limited • Noise impacts can exceed 50 dBA at times, particularly during the NE monsoon. Houses Min 30 m • Similar to public • Complaints from public offices and decreasing to ward office and City over distance. Houses Council
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Sensitive receptor Nearest Expected disturbances Likely Impacts on sensitive distance due to vibration and receptor and responses high noise levels within 60-100m will • Administration may in be most affected by turn complain to contractors vibration and noise Commercial 25-80 • Same as public • No Complaints expected establishment (STO, offices. unless related to vibration. Dhiraagu office, • Activities unlikely to STELCO, Café’s) be affected except for brief times. • Café’s may be affected during peak demolition and piling works.
The highest noise impacts are expected to be felt on Maradhoo FeydhooIsland with an estimated 50-60 dBA during day time and 60 dBA during night time. These noises are beyond the 35-45 dBA observed as background noise on site. The highest noise levels will be from sheet piling, demolition and breakwater construction as it is the nearest activity to the site. Sheet piling and rock works are likely to exceed the threshold level considered of 55 dBA for the sensitive receptors within a 60 m radius.
The moderate impact zone for vibration is 60 m from the piling zone. Vibration is perceptible from piling about 60 m form the point source.
Noise impacts are strongest within 100 m of the project site but the overall affected area may occasionally extend to 500 m depending on wind direction.
With proper mitigation measures, it is unlikely that noise pollution impacts will cause long term effects such as human health risks leading to increased public and private health costs.
6.1.2 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
While emitted greenhouse gases can persist in the atmosphere in the long term, the level of emission from the construction phase of this project is expected to be negligible.
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Figure 6.1: Estimated Vibration and Noise impact zones on the island
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6.1.3 Groundwater and Soil Condition
Mishandling of fuel/chemicals and construction waste (e.g. waste oil) has led to serious pollution of soil and groundwater aquifer in other construction projects. This type of pollution may sometimes have long-term irreversible effects, since such contamination does not degrade itself and is expensive to clean up. The clean-up itself may require extensive groundwater extraction, which may result in salt-water intrusion in the groundwater lens. Hence, special attention needs to be given to properly store and handle fuel/chemical and construction waste material.
Backfilling using dredge material (highly alkaline soil) will contribute to the salinization of the islands freshwater lens. This effect is expected to be low, given the small area and volume that will be used for backfilling.
6.1.4 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
Project is undertaken at an urban setting, and the project site is bordering an existing harbour where much of vegetation has been cleared. The occurrence of flora and fauna was found to be minimal in the area
Increase in noise and air pollutants may adversely impact flora and fauna (especially avifauna) within close proximity to the project area. But these impacts are expected to be short term, as high noise generating activities will not be carried out continuously for long periods.
6.1.5 Marine Water Quality
Maintenance dredging works within the harbor basin will significantly disturb the bottom, generating sediment plumes, and reduce overall water quality during and a few days after completion of works. In addition placement of quay wall, breakwater and revetment units are also likely to disturb the seabed, and generate sediment plumes.
Turbidity levels may reach 40 – 80 NTU at 1 – 5 m depth within a 100 m radius and 10 – 15 NTU within a 500 m radius when dredging using excavator. Sediment dispersal modeling is usually required to understand the exact vertical and horizontal extent of the sediment plume. Moreover, geotechnical assessments are required to determine the extent of fines in the dredged area, so that the information can be used in sediment dispersal modeling. Both of these studies are not required in the EIA ToR. In the absence of this data, experience from past projects is necessary to mitigate high levels of turbidity and sedimentation.
Dredging also exposes anaerobic layers of sediment, which also elevate the nutrient content in water. Increase in quantity of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrate increases the rate of growth of aquatic plants and algae.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|79 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Construction activities require the use of chemical substances such as fuel, oil and paints. Accidental spillage of such substances will lead to contamination of marine water. Hence strict measures must be taken to prevent spillage of any material into the sea.
6.1.6 Coastal Processes
The following activities of this project are likely to have some impacts on hydrodynamics and coastal environment.
1. Dredging of the harbor basin and entrance channel 2. Reclamation
3. Levelling of seabed for revetment installation 4. Levelling the seabed for placement of quay wall 5. Breakwater installation However, the site is heavily protected with a revetment covering almost of the entire length of Maradhoo, Maradhoo-Feydhoo and Feydhoo Island. This structure in intended to protect the Addu Link Road. There are harbours in all of the three islands as described above. These harbours are also protected by harbour breakwaters and quay wall.
Nonetheless, an area is proposed to be reclaimed on either side of the harbour. About 80%of the newly reclaimed area is to be protected by a revetment. The remaining area will undergo erosion immediately after reclamation. Eroded material is likely to adjust between the two revetment structures but the elongated groyne will act as a groyne and minimize sand movement. Moreover, the site has a high content of rubble reducing erosion.
The dredged material from maintenance dredging is likely to contain fine material. It is not recommended to place this material in the reclaimed areas that is exposed to waves. It is recommended to stock pile them. This is due to the potential for fine material to find its way back to the basin.
6.1.7 Marine Biodiversity
This project involves maintenance dredging and dredging of the new harbor basin, which is estimated to yield 30,000 cbm of dredged material. The new harbor basin and reclamation area contains turtle seagrass bed sand associated organisms that dwell within were observed. The overall foot print is estimated to contain 60% seagrass, 2% live corals, 10% dead coral.
Seagrass beds are both economically and ecologically beneficial; with contributing to stabilizing sediments and preventing coastal erosion, and providing habitats for juvenile fishes (Erftemeijer
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|80 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City and Lewis, 2006). Fish populations of diverse species were observed in the survey sites even though the percentage coral cover was low.
The severity of impact of dredging is dependent on several factors which include but is not limited to duration of dredging, quantity and sediments to be dredged, method used for dredging, proximity to seagrass bed and weather/ hydrodynamic conditions at the project site (Pennekamp et al., 1996 and Erftemeijer and Lewis, 2006).
Impacts on the seagrass bed would be primarily by physical removal of seagrass beds due to dredging efforts (Erftemeijer and Lewis, 2006). Sea grass beds will also be impacted by effects of increased turbidity and sedimentation (Erftemeijer and Lewis, 2006). Mortality rates of the sea grass bed is dependent on the species as the critical thresholds vary. While larger species can tolerate longer duration of sedimentation due to their bigger carbohydrate reserves (Chesire et al., 2002), smaller species are less resilient in a turbid environment (Peralta et al., 2002). Conversely, the smaller and opportunistic species shows higher recovery rates in the post dredging environment (Chesire et al., 2002).
Light attenuation is another impact that has direct impacts on the sea grass beds as a factor of turbidity (Green and Short, 2003). Increased levels of suspended sediments in the water column due to dredging severely limits the light reaching the depth to the sea floor, which in turn reduces light available for the sea grass to photosynthesize.
Smothering of the sea grass beds due to increased sedimentation is also an adverse impact of maintenance dredging to be undertaken as part of the proposed project. Both physical and chemical composition of the deposited sediments will also affect the seagrass bed (Erftemeijer and Lewis, 2006).
Sedimentation is also likely to cause major shifts in invertebrate populations as sediment is deposited at the crevices/crannies blocking their habitat. This favours domination of invertebrate populations that are more tolerant of the condition. The overall population diversity, size and quality of reef ecosystem are likely to decline due to increased and prolonged sedimentation arising from the proposed activities. A 100 m radius from each of the dredging site is expected to be affected by sedimentation.
Elevated levels of suspended solids, and turbidity will adversely impact the coral reef ecosystem at the area. Hence measures should be undertaken to minimize and control the spread of sediment plume.
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6.1.8 Impacts on Tourism Related Activities
The proposed activity is being carried out away from the major tourist activity zones and properties. However, the project is likely to impact potential dive activities within a 500 m radius of the dredging site. Site affected include a dive site located 200 m SE of the entrance channel and any snorkelling activity along the Maradhoo and Maradhoo Feydhoo reef. The probability of significant impacts on nearby Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Protected Areas are minimal.
6.2 Impacts on the Socio-economic Environment
6.2.1 Impacts on accessibility
As determined from the community consultation, the project will significantly improve accessibility to the island and capacity of the harbour. At present the space for mooring of vessels is very limited. Construction of the quay wall will facilitate usage of additional 100m of the harbor for boat mooring and provide safe berthing areas for smaller vessels. The project will increase the overall mooring capacity of the harbour. The increase in accessibility would have significant positive impacts on existing economic sectors such as fisheries, agriculture, and trade and other social sectors such as health.
6.2.2 Business and Employment Opportunities
The proposed project will have beneficial socio-economic impacts on the island community in the form of business and employment opportunities.
Socioeconomic benefits of the construction stage include:
− Employment opportunities during construction works
− Business opportunity for local suppliers
− Opportunity for local contract workers
− Opportunity for locals to rent out property, equipment, machinery, vehicles and vessels. Once the harbour becomes operational after redevelopment it is expected to bring significant improvements to the existing economic sectors of the island, most notably in trade and fisheries sector due to improved usage of the harbour and access to the island.
Impacts on passenger transport are expected to be minimal due to the influence of the Addu Link Road. Nonetheless, member so public travelling to Fuvahmulah and Hulhumeedhoo may see a reduction in their taxi expenditure due to frequent direct access to Island Harbour.
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Moreover, the project will improve accessibility for people visiting Maradhoo-Feydhoo from other islands, and improve access to the overall interconnected towns of Addu.
6.2.3 Health and safety
Health and safety risks arising from construction work is high, especially due to the use of specialised equipment and machinery. Accidents related to equipment use can lead to injury, and fatalities. Materials used in construction, in addition to the equipment and machinery, also involve risks to health and safety. Accidental spills/leakage of hazardous substances can contaminate the site and pose risks to human health, including workers on the site and the local population.
There is potential for road accidents during construction if construction site vehicle have a need to cross the Addu Link Road frequently.
There is potential for accidents if members of the public can access the construction site easily.
6.2.4 Local Culture
Influx of expatriate workers for construction projects can lead to conflicts between the local population and the workers. Such problems are expected to be minimal for this project due to the relatively small workforce involved.
6.3 Impacts on the Natural Environment during Operational Phase
Impacts during the operational phase of the project would arise from activities associated with harbor usage. Oil spillage and waste disposal into the harbor basin would be the most notable impacts, with repercussions on the limited benthic flora and fauna found on the seabed.
6.3.1 Natural Hazard Risks
There is potential for rainfall flooding after reclamation at the point where the previous shoreline meets the new reclamation areas. The existing shoreline is a revetment and will be dismantled. If care is not taken level the newly reclaimed island to match the elevation at the site at present, the chances of water logging between the newly reclaimed site and existing shoreline are very high. Maradhoo-Feydhoo is known to have flooding issues due to high rainfall and existing topography. If flooding does occur due to reclamation, it may affect the Addu Link Road.
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7 SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
7.1 Impacts on Natural Environment during Construction
7.1.1 Noise Pollution and Vibration Impacts
During the mobilisation of equipment and operation of heavy machinery, it is anticipated that significant noise will be generated. The following activities are expected to generate noise pollution.
f. Demolition work g. Sheet piling h. Breakwater construction i. Dredging and reclamation j. General construction
The key sensitive receptors in the project vicinity and likely impacts on them are summarised in Table 6.1 below and Figure 6.1.
Sensitive receptor Nearest Expected disturbances Likely Impacts on sensitive distance due to vibration and receptor and responses high noise levels Public offices 25-80 m • Vibration is likely to • Complaints from public (Island Office, social be felt in these sites to ward office and City centre, Island Court, during demolition and Council Bank of Maldives) piling, and possibly • Administration may in See Figure 6.1. during revetment turn complain to contractors works. • Noise level will is likely to exceed 60dBA during piling, demolition and rock works, possibly affecting work in these offices. • Structural damage cannot be forecasted without geotechnical investigations and structural conditions
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|84 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Sensitive receptor Nearest Expected disturbances Likely Impacts on sensitive distance due to vibration and receptor and responses high noise levels assessments. Use of Vibratory hammer is likely to substantially reduce potential for vibration related damage. Health Centre 25 m • Similar to above • Same as above • Vibration may affect any sensitive equipment on the site • Noise level may affect patients but the centre is not heavily used. School 109 m • Vibration impacts • Complaints from (Maradhoo_Feydhoo likely to be moderate school administration to island School) to minor administration • Noise impacts can • Administration may in exceed 55 dBA at turn complain to contractors times, particularly during the NE monsoon. • School activities may be occasionally affected Mosques (Masjidhul 145 m • Vibration impacts • No complaints Noor) likely to be minor expected as timings are limited • Noise impacts can exceed 50 dBA at times, particularly during the NE monsoon. Houses Min 30 m • Similar to public • Complaints from public offices and decreasing to ward office and City over distance. Houses Council within 60-100m will • Administration may in
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|85 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Sensitive receptor Nearest Expected disturbances Likely Impacts on sensitive distance due to vibration and receptor and responses high noise levels be most affected by turn complain to contractors vibration and noise Commercial 25-80 • Same as public • No Complaints expected establishment (STO, offices. unless related to vibration. Dhiraagu office, • Activities unlikely to STELCO, Café’s) be affected except for brief times. • Café’s may be affected during peak demolition and piling works.
The highest noise impacts are expected to be felt on Maradhoo FeydhooIsland with an estimated 50-60 dBA during day time and 60 dBA during night time. These noises are beyond the 35-45 dBA observed as background noise on site. The highest noise levels will be from sheet piling, demolition and breakwater construction as it is the nearest activity to the site. Sheet piling and rock works are likely to exceed the threshold level considered of 55 dBA for the sensitive receptors within a 60 m radius.
The moderate impact zone for vibration is 60 m from the piling zone. Vibration is perceptible from piling about 60 m form the point source.
Noise impacts are strongest within 100 m of the project site but the overall affected area may occasionally extend to 500 m depending on wind direction.
With proper mitigation measures, it is unlikely that noise pollution impacts will cause long term effects such as human health risks leading to increased public and private health costs.
7.1.2 Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
While emitted greenhouse gases can persist in the atmosphere in the long term, the level of emission from the construction phase of this project is expected to be negligible.
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Figure 6.1: Estimated Vibration and Noise impact zones on the island
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|87 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
7.1.3 Groundwater and Soil Condition
Mishandling of fuel/chemicals and construction waste (e.g. waste oil) has led to serious pollution of soil and groundwater aquifer in other construction projects. This type of pollution may sometimes have long-term irreversible effects, since such contamination does not degrade itself and is expensive to clean up. The clean-up itself may require extensive groundwater extraction, which may result in salt-water intrusion in the groundwater lens. Hence, special attention needs to be given to properly store and handle fuel/chemical and construction waste material.
Backfilling using dredge material (highly alkaline soil) will contribute to the salinization of the islands freshwater lens. This effect is expected to be low, given the small area and volume that will be used for backfilling.
7.1.4 Terrestrial Flora and Fauna
Project is undertaken at an urban setting, and the project site is bordering an existing harbour where much of vegetation has been cleared. The occurrence of flora and fauna was found to be minimal in the area
Increase in noise and air pollutants may adversely impact flora and fauna (especially avifauna) within close proximity to the project area. But these impacts are expected to be short term, as high noise generating activities will not be carried out continuously for long periods.
7.1.5 Marine Water Quality
Maintenance dredging works within the harbor basin will significantly disturb the bottom, generating sediment plumes, and reduce overall water quality during and a few days after completion of works. In addition placement of quay wall, breakwater and revetment units are also likely to disturb the seabed, and generate sediment plumes.
Turbidity levels may reach 40 – 80 NTU at 1 – 5 m depth within a 100 m radius and 10 – 15 NTU within a 500 m radius when dredging using excavator. Sediment dispersal modeling is usually required to understand the exact vertical and horizontal extent of the sediment plume. Moreover, geotechnical assessments are required to determine the extent of fines in the dredged area, so that the information can be used in sediment dispersal modeling. Both of these studies are not required in the EIA ToR. In the absence of this data, experience from past projects is necessary to mitigate high levels of turbidity and sedimentation.
Dredging also exposes anaerobic layers of sediment, which also elevate the nutrient content in water. Increase in quantity of nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrate increases the rate of growth of aquatic plants and algae.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|88 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Construction activities require the use of chemical substances such as fuel, oil and paints. Accidental spillage of such substances will lead to contamination of marine water. Hence strict measures must be taken to prevent spillage of any material into the sea.
7.1.6 Coastal Processes
The following activities of this project are likely to have some impacts on hydrodynamics and coastal environment.
6. Dredging of the harbor basin and entrance channel 7. Reclamation
8. Levelling of seabed for revetment installation 9. Levelling the seabed for placement of quay wall 10. Breakwater installation However, the site is heavily protected with a revetment covering almost of the entire length of Maradhoo, Maradhoo-Feydhoo and Feydhoo Island. This structure in intended to protect the Addu Link Road. There are harbours in all of the three islands as described above. These harbours are also protected by harbour breakwaters and quay wall.
Nonetheless, an area is proposed to be reclaimed on either side of the harbour. About 80%of the newly reclaimed area is to be protected by a revetment. The remaining area will undergo erosion immediately after reclamation. Eroded material is likely to adjust between the two revetment structures but the elongated groyne will act as a groyne and minimize sand movement. Moreover, the site has a high content of rubble reducing erosion.
The dredged material from maintenance dredging is likely to contain fine material. It is not recommended to place this material in the reclaimed areas that is exposed to waves. It is recommended to stock pile them. This is due to the potential for fine material to find its way back to the basin.
7.1.7 Marine Biodiversity
This project involves maintenance dredging and dredging of the new harbor basin, which is estimated to yield 30,000 cbm of dredged material. The new harbor basin and reclamation area contains turtle seagrass bed sand associated organisms that dwell within were observed. The overall foot print is estimated to contain 60% sand and rubble, 30% seagrass, 1% live corals, 9% dead coral (See Figure 6.2).
Seagrass beds are both economically and ecologically beneficial; with contributing to stabilizing sediments and preventing coastal erosion, and providing habitats for juvenile fishes (Erftemeijer
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|89 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City and Lewis, 2006). Fish populations of diverse species were observed in the survey sites even though the percentage coral cover was low.
The severity of impact of dredging is dependent on several factors which include but is not limited to duration of dredging, quantity and sediments to be dredged, method used for dredging, proximity to seagrass bed and weather/ hydrodynamic conditions at the project site (Pennekamp et al., 1996 and Erftemeijer and Lewis, 2006).
Impacts on the seagrass bed would be primarily by physical removal of seagrass beds due to dredging efforts (Erftemeijer and Lewis, 2006). Sea grass beds will also be impacted by effects of increased turbidity and sedimentation (Erftemeijer and Lewis, 2006). Mortality rates of the sea grass bed is dependent on the species as the critical thresholds vary. While larger species can tolerate longer duration of sedimentation due to their bigger carbohydrate reserves (Chesire et al., 2002), smaller species are less resilient in a turbid environment (Peralta et al., 2002). Conversely, the smaller and opportunistic species shows higher recovery rates in the post dredging environment (Chesire et al., 2002).
Light attenuation is another impact that has direct impacts on the sea grass beds as a factor of turbidity (Green and Short, 2003). Increased levels of suspended sediments in the water column due to dredging severely limits the light reaching the depth to the sea floor, which in turn reduces light available for the sea grass to photosynthesize.
Smothering of the sea grass beds due to increased sedimentation is also an adverse impact of maintenance dredging to be undertaken as part of the proposed project. Both physical and chemical composition of the deposited sediments will also affect the seagrass bed (Erftemeijer and Lewis, 2006).
Sedimentation is also likely to cause major shifts in invertebrate populations as sediment is deposited at the crevices/crannies blocking their habitat. This favours domination of invertebrate populations that are more tolerant of the condition. The overall population diversity, size and quality of reef ecosystem are likely to decline due to increased and prolonged sedimentation arising from the proposed activities. A 100 m radius from each of the dredging site is expected to be affected by sedimentation.
Elevated levels of suspended solids, and turbidity will adversely impact the coral reef ecosystem at the area. Hence measures should be undertaken to minimize and control the spread of sediment plume.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|90 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Figure 6.2: Marine direct impact foot prints and enviornmentally notable features in the vivinity
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|91 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
7.1.8 Impacts on Tourism Related Activities
The proposed activity is being carried out away from the major tourist activity zones and properties. However, the project is likely to impact potential dive activities within a 500 m radius of the dredging site. Site affected include a dive site located 200 m SE of the entrance channel and any snorkelling activity along the Maradhoo and Maradhoo Feydhoo reef (See Figure 6.2). The probability of significant impacts on nearby Environmentally Sensitive Areas and Protected Areas are minimal.
7.2 Impacts on the Socio-economic Environment
7.2.1 Impacts on accessibility
As determined from the community consultation, the project will significantly improve accessibility to the island and capacity of the harbour. At present the space for mooring of vessels is very limited. Construction of the quay wall will facilitate usage of additional 100m of the harbor for boat mooring and provide safe berthing areas for smaller vessels. The project will increase the overall mooring capacity of the harbour. The increase in accessibility would have significant positive impacts on existing economic sectors such as fisheries, agriculture, and trade and other social sectors such as health.
7.2.2 Business and Employment Opportunities
The proposed project will have beneficial socio-economic impacts on the island community in the form of business and employment opportunities.
Socioeconomic benefits of the construction stage include:
− Employment opportunities during construction works
− Business opportunity for local suppliers
− Opportunity for local contract workers
− Opportunity for locals to rent out property, equipment, machinery, vehicles and vessels. Once the harbour becomes operational after redevelopment it is expected to bring significant improvements to the existing economic sectors of the island, most notably in trade and fisheries sector due to improved usage of the harbour and access to the island.
Impacts on passenger transport are expected to be minimal due to the influence of the Addu Link Road. Nonetheless, member so public travelling to Fuvahmulah and Hulhumeedhoo may see a reduction in their taxi expenditure due to frequent direct access to Island Harbour.
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Moreover, the project will improve accessibility for people visiting Maradhoo-Feydhoo from other islands, and improve access to the overall interconnected towns of Addu.
7.2.3 Health and safety
Health and safety risks arising from construction work is high, especially due to the use of specialised equipment and machinery. Accidents related to equipment use can lead to injury, and fatalities. Materials used in construction, in addition to the equipment and machinery, also involve risks to health and safety. Accidental spills/leakage of hazardous substances can contaminate the site and pose risks to human health, including workers on the site and the local population.
There is potential for road accidents during construction if construction site vehicle have a need to cross the Addu Link Road frequently.
There is potential for accidents if members of the public can access the construction site easily.
7.2.4 Local Culture
Influx of expatriate workers for construction projects can lead to conflicts between the local population and the workers. Such problems are expected to be minimal for this project due to the relatively small workforce involved.
7.3 Impacts on the Natural Environment during Operational Phase
Impacts during the operational phase of the project would arise from activities associated with harbor usage. Oil spillage and waste disposal into the harbor basin would be the most notable impacts, with repercussions on the limited benthic flora and fauna found on the seabed.
7.3.1 Natural Hazard Risks
There is potential for rainfall flooding after reclamation at the point where the previous shoreline meets the new reclamation areas. The existing shoreline is a revetment and will be dismantled. If care is not taken level the newly reclaimed island to match the elevation at the site at present, the chances of water logging between the newly reclaimed site and existing shoreline are very high. Maradhoo-Feydhoo is known to have flooding issues due to high rainfall and existing topography. If flooding does occur due to reclamation, it may affect the Addu Link Road.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|93 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
7.4 Mitigation Measures for Significant Adverse Impacts
7.4.1 Marine Water Turbidity and Sedimentation
Dredging works are going to be undertaken in a highly sensitive marine environment. A dive site commonly used by the dive school on Maradhoo Island and occasionally by nearby resorts is located 200 m from the dredging site. There are also recovering corals in the vicinity of the project site. Preventing damage to marine biodiversity due to turbidity and sedimentation has been given a focus in environmental impact mitigation.
1. All reclamation works and dredging should be undertaken behind bund or containment walls. The walls should enclose the overall reclamation area and basin area prior to filling or dredging. Bunds can be constructed to the planned shape of the foot print. A preliminary outline is presented in Figure 6.3. The bunds can also be used to construct the breakwater as well. Bunds can be constructed with sand using an excavator. Sand for the bund can be sourced from the immediate lagoon, inside of the bund (island ward side). Bunds facing the ocean side (eastern side) will face strong waves and currents, possibly making it difficult to maintain the bund. In such a scenario alternative protective material such as temporary sand filled bags (geotextile or any other durable bag) can be utilized. The bund width and elevation should take into account the wave conditions and capacity of the dredgers. The elevations of the bunds should be above high tide mark at all times. This plan can be modified in consultation with the environmental consultant but the basic principle of containing all reclamation sites must be followed. 2. Floating and movable silt screens must be deployed in the channel to prevent sediment from seeping out through the channel and effecting the dive site and surrounding reef. Silt screens must also be deployed in the lagoon during dredging and reclamation activity. 3. The conditions of the bunds and turbidity needs to be continuously observed. If the use of bunds are deemed ineffective in controlling sedimentation around the dive site, an additional screen can be deployed at the receiving sensitive receptor as shown in the Figure 6.3. 4. It is advised to restrict dredging during mass coral spawning periods. Predictions and visual observation should be undertaken by a qualified marine biologist to identify spawning events which usually takes place between April and May spring tides. Many species of corals reproduce during one night of the year and different species may have different spawning periods. However, given the recent stress on the coral reef due to bleaching events, it is possible that corals may not spawn immediately after the event. The marine biologist or the environmental consultant should determine if spawning is going take place, and where it is taking place within the foot print of the project and advice the contractors. It is advised to stop dredging and reclamation works at least for 12
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days – 5 days before and 7 days after spawning. In case the date is missed, dredging can be ceased for 7 days after spawning event is detected. Daily monitoring by marine biologist is recommended during this period. 5. Excavator movement should stick to predefined routes for travel along the reef. 6. All staff involved in dredging and reclamation works must be briefed on the sensitivity of the reef and the mitigation measures proposed in the EIA report. 7. Monitor the level of Turbidity and Sedimentation Rate on select locations to verify that the sediment containment measures are effective (see Monitoring section). 8. Supervise all construction activities to ensure that large vehicles do not move outside the project boundary, and ensure the reef flat levelling is restricted to the required area only. 9. All dredging works should be completed within the defined timeframe including removal of bunds and temporary sand beds. Contingency measures for damaged equipment should be in place to avoid delays due to mechanical failure of equipment.
Cost of silt screen sourcing and deployment in the channel is expected to be between MVR 20,000-30,000. The alternative screen may cost about MVR 130,000. Construction of bund walls are usually part of the contractor fees. Separately, the cost of sand bunds can be between MVR 200,000-300,000.
7.4.2 Noise and Vibration
1. Use vibro-hammers for piling works 2. Use equipment with low noise emissions as stated by manufactures. Key equipment to consider noise emissions include, excavators, vibro-hammer, power plants, concrete mixers and general construction tools. 3. Properly tune and maintain all vehicles and machinery 4. Conduct construction activities during daytime to minimize nuisance to humans and fauna. Limit works hours to 7 am – 7 pm when working in high noise activities such as demolition works, breakwater construction and sheet piling. Exceptions can be made based on discussions with City Council or island management. 5. Monitor all occupational areas to ensure noise levels do not exceed WHO standards 6. Inform the community via the ward office of the work plan and changes to work plan, so schools and other public facilities can plan their activities accordingly. 7. Establish a mechanism to receive and hear public complaints on noise and vibration and attend in participation with the island administration. 8. Cease piling activity if a complaint relating to structural damage from a nearby house or building is report. Assess and attend to the issue before commencing piling work.
No additional costs.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|95 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Figure 6.3: Marine impact mitigation measures
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|96 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
7.4.3 Air Pollution
1. Keep ground damp to minimize dust/ topsoil erosion by wind, particularly between December and April.
7.4.4 Contamination of Marine Water, Groundwater and Land
1. Oil, solid waste and hazardous waste handled carefully and transported in sealed containers. 2. All paint, lubricants, and other chemicals used, will be stored in secure and bunded location. 3. Train workers in spill prevention and clean-up, and designate responsible individual(s) 4. Properly tune and maintain all machinery 5. Carryout construction activities under the supervision of a suitably experienced person. 6. All waste material will be collected at one central location, and disposed to the nearest designated waste disposal site regularly. 7. Fuel will be handled at sealed or bunded areas only 8. Fuel will be transported in securely sealed containers. 9. Care will be taken to avoid spillage during refuelling process.
Costs are to be included in the contract value and are mainly the responsibility of the contractor.
7.4.5 Marine Habitat Destruction
1. Clearly mark the dredging and reclamation boundaries, and ensure no dredging, reclamation or shore protection works are conducted outside these boundaries. 2. Instruct all construction workers to strictly restrict all construction activities within the marked boundaries.
7.4.6 Occupational Health Impacts
1. All health and safety precautions described in Chapter 2 will be implemented. They include the following: a. Construction workers operating equipment that generates noise should be equipped with noise protection. As a guide, workers operating equipment generating noise of > 80 dBA should wear ear mufflers and workers experiencing prolonged noise levels > 70 dBA must wear ear plugs. b. Health checks will be administered before work commences. c. Warning signs, barricades or warning devices will be provided and used. d. Necessary safety gear will be worn at all times. These include safety gloves, construction boots, facemasks, earmuffs, etc.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|97 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
e. Fire extinguishing equipment would be readily available and employees will be trained in its use. f. Oxygen, acetylene or LPG bottles will not be left freestanding. g. First aid kits will be made available on site. h. The construction site will be properly closed to unauthorised personnel. 2. If the site vehicles require frequent Addu Link Road crossing, install signs on the road to ward incoming traffic of turning vehicles.
The costs of most activities identified above are included in the contractor price as part of general site management and practices.
7.4.7 Increased Demand on Waste Disposal Facilities
1. Plan construction activities to minimize quantity of waste generated from the project. 2. Look to reuse demolition waste from breakwaters and quaywall as breakwater core and for backfilling, but care should be taken on determining the geotechnical and structural stability of the final structures. 3. Dispose all domestic waste with the assistance of WAMCO. 4. All steel, empty fuel cans and chemical packaging must be transported to Thilafushi upon demobilisation.
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8 ALTERNATIVES
8.1 “No-Project” Alternative
The No Project option takes the following into account.
- No harbour extension will be constructed and there is no change to the existing harbour of the island The comparison of benefits of each alternative is provided in Table 7.1 below.
The case to consider a no harbour extension option is strong at this site due the presence of harbours on neighbouring Maradhoo and Feydhoo. However, the cultural and historical context must be taken into account. Traditionally, the administrative units of Maradhoo, Maradhoo- Feydhoo and Feydhoo are treated as separate entities with their own administrative setup.
The no alternative option for harbour repair is not practical as the existing damaged quaywall and breakwater poses safety risks for the harbour users.
The main advantage of avoiding harbour expansion would be the costs and environmental impacts on reefs avoided. The disadvantages would be public dissatisfaction and stagnated growth in the transport and fisheries sector.
Given the high opportunity cost of the No Project option to the local community, the preferred option is to go ahead with the proposed components of project.
8.2 Alternative Site Plan and Scope
As noted in the project descriptions chapter, the proposed initial design has a shortage of sand based on the proposed dredging parameters. Since the reclamation is mainly to dispose the dredge material the size of the reclamation site will be determined by the available sand. Based on bathymetry surveys and estimated available quantity of sand, an alternative site plan has been presented in Figure 7.1. If there is more sand this initial estimate, the reclamation area can be expanded based on the design parameters described in Chapter 2.
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8.3 Alternative Quaywall Design
The proposed original design for the quaywall was to use the commonly used precast concrete L-blocks. A last minute design change converted the quaywall material to steel sheet piles. The option to use precast L-blocks as an alternative still remains an option. The proposed alternative design is presented in Figure 7.2.
The main advantage of the concrete L-blocks may be in the reduced cost and time in importing piles. Sheet piles can be installed much faster and can be more durable.
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|100 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Figure 7.1: Alternative site plan
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page|101 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
Figure 7.2: Alternative quaywall design
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9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
This section presents management measures that are required to mitigate adverse environmental and social impacts during the execution of the project. The main objectives of the environmental management plan are to:
• Produce a framework for anticipated impacts, including practicable and achievable performance requirements and systems for monitoring, reporting and implementing corrective actions • Provide evidence of compliance to legislation, policies, guidelines and requirements of relevant authorities.
9.1 Environmental Management System
The environmental management framework for the proposed project is based on the standards and policies set out by the Environmental Protection Agency of the Maldives.
• Environmental Management Planning and establishment of key performance indicators: The EMP specifies environmental management measures and required performance standards • Monitoring and corrective action: The implementation of EMP measures will be monitored. Any inconsistencies between the EMP and its on-site implementation will be identified and addressed through corrective actions • Auditing, reviews and improvement: The EMP will be reviewed. Improvements to the EMP will be made as necessary to achieve desired environmental outcomes.
The environmental management strategy is demonstrated in the following figure.
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Figure 9.1: Environmental Management Plan flow diagram
9.2 Management Structure and Responsibilities
The following parties are involved in the EMP of this project:
• Project Proponent: Ministry of National Planning and Infrastructure • Project Contractor: Heavy Force Pvt Ltd • Environmental Consultant: CDE Consulting • Government Regulator: Environmental Protection Agency • Environmental Regulator: Environmental Protection Agency
The roles and responsibilities of the parties involved are described below.
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9.2.1 Project Proponent
• Responsible for the execution of all project activities.
• Preparation of the EMP
• Concept Design of Harbour and overall project • Monitoring and recording of project activities, incidences, environmental mishaps and health and safety incidences. • Submission of annual environmental monitoring report as required by the government and environmental regulators.
• Report to the Environmental Protection Agency on any incidents beyond regular monitoring.
9.2.2 Environmental Consultant
• Preparation of the Environmental Management Plan. • Monitoring performance of project activities. • Auditing the EMP to ensure desired outcomes are achieved. • Amend and update the EMP as per findings of the audits. • Preparation of environmental monitoring reports as required by the government and environmental regulators.
9.2.3 Contractors
• Detailed designs of the habrour • Execution of all project activities. • Implementation of mitigation measures • Report to the proponent and environmental consultant • Carryout all works as specified in the EIA, laws and regulations
9.2.4 Environmental Protection Agency
• Approval of Environmental Impact Assessment Report • Review of environmental monitoring reports • Intervention in the event of a breach in environmental permit conditions • Site visit and inspection before during construction, and upon completion of project.
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9.3 Reporting Requirements
Reporting shall be undertaken to provide evidence of the ongoing implementation of the EMP and will cover any training activities, site conditions and operations, monitoring data, details of non-conformances, incidents, complaints, and follow up action, results of audits and reviews. Reporting shall be undertaken by the Project Proponent and the Environmental Consultant.
The environmental reporting process is summarized in figure 8.2 below. All non- compliances and complaints during the execution of the project are to be reported to EPA. The environmental management plan for execution of the project is provided below.
Figure 9.2: Environmental Reporting Proccess
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Table 9.1: Preliminary Environmental Management Plan for the project
Activity Management Measure Responsible Party Timing
All construction workers and project management staff will be provided information on general environmental Training of project staff and issues, compliance with environmental permits and Project Proponent and Prior to the commencement of contractors on, proper behaviour measures prescribed in EIA. Contractor the project in a marine environment All project staff will be trained in monitoring, and maintenance of equipment and vehicles.
All non-conformances to the environmental permit conditions observed during monitoring will be documented. Documenting non-conformances Project Proponent, Contractor Continuous during project and corrective actions Necessary corrective actions and preventative actions will and Environmental Consultant implementation phase be identified. Corrective actions will be implemented with systematic follow ups to ensure effectiveness of these measures
All staff will be required to wear personnel safety equipment and take all necessary safety measures at all times during the implementation of project. Project Proponent and Continuous during project Health and Safety Contractor implementation phase All works will be carried out under the supervision of an experienced person, who will be responsible for ensuring that the staffs comply with the safety requirements.
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Activity Management Measure Responsible Party Timing
All underwater works will be carried out in calm sea and weather condition under the supervision of a suitable qualified, experienced person.
Assign suitably experienced and qualified personnel to supervise the entire project and ensure that all activities Before commencement of the Supervision of project activities Project Proponent are carried out with minimal adverse impact on the project environment and personnel involved in the project
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10 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
10.1 Introduction
Environmental monitoring is essential because, although with proper mitigation measures, the overall environmental damage can be significantly minimized, an unforeseen impact may still occur. Furthermore, some of the impacts predicted may turn out to be far greater than predicted, making mitigation measures ineffective. Therefore, in order to avoid or reduce the chances of such events, regular and frequent environmental monitoring is vital.
10.2 Objectives of the Monitoring Plan
The main objectives of the monitoring plan are same as the original monitoring plan:
1) To identify whether the predicted impacts are accurate and mitigation measures taken are effective. 2) To identify any unforeseen impacts so that appropriate mitigation measures can be taken at the earliest. 3) To identify and resolve any issues of social unrest at the earliest. 4) To eliminate or reduce environmental costs.
10.3 Monitoring during Construction Phase
Table 9.2 shows the details of the different monitoring attributes and parameters must be monitored during the construction stage.
Additionally, the following aspects will be monitored during the construction stage to ensure that environmental impacts are minimized.
1) Daily monitoring to ensure that the cleared areas and other construction processes are not creating any significant dust nuisance for the local environment. 2) Daily monitoring of vehicle refuelling and repair should be undertaken to ensure that these exercises are carried out on hardstands and to ensure that they are done properly. This is to reduce the potential of soil contamination from spills. Spot checks will be conducted by the site supervisor. 3) Daily inspection of site clearance activities to ensure that the proposed building plans are followed.
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Table 10.1: Monitoring Schedule for Pre-Construction Stage
Applicable Est. Total Monitoring Locations & Indicator Methodology Frequency standard Costs Attribute samples MVR* Maldivian EPA Marine Physical appearance, pH, Laboratory SW1, SW2, Once before commencement marine water 4000 Water Temperature, Salinity and analysis/ Onsite SW3 of construction works Quality Turbidity testing guideline
D-GPS Shoreline Vegetation line, High tide line, mapping Once before commencement - Island 10,600 changes and low tide line of the island of construction works Aerial Imagery New and Bathymetry Maldives Land and existing harbor of proposed Depth Sonarmite and Once before commencement Survey Authority basin and 5000 dredging D-GPS of dredging works entrance (MLSA Standard) areas channel Line transact Maldives EPA Percent of live coral cover, and survey, Fish Coral reef Once before commencement marine surveying fish species abundance and census and T1, T2 7000 health of dredging works composition Manta tow guidelines survey Visual Snorkeling Sea grass Sea grass beds Once before commencement - Area of the sea grass beds Survey and/or 4000 bed near the site of construction works Aerial Imagery *does not include logistics and professional fees
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Table 10.2: Monitoring Schedule for Construction Stage
Applicable Est. Total Monitoring Locations & Indicator Methodology Frequency standard Costs Attribute samples MVR* SW1, SW2, Maldivian EPA 2000 SW3 marine water (Frequency: Laboratory Weekly during dredging, and guideline 7 times over Turbidity analysis/onsite excavation works testing period of 45 Marine days) Water Quality SW1, SW2, 3000 SW3 (Frequency: Laboratory Monthly during dredging, Temperature, pH 2 times over analysis and excavation works period of 45 days) Oil spills All area where NA Included in Visual Daily for the duration of the Marine and (Surface layer of groundwater, oil is handled contractor observation project Ground and sea) fees Water Maintenance All area where NA Included in Contaminati Oil leakage from machinery or and tuning of oil is handled Daily during the construction contractor on vessels all machinery phase fees & vessels Line transact Maldives EPA Percent of live coral cover, and survey, Fish Coral reef Once every three months marine surveying fish species abundance and census and T1, T2 15,000 health from the start of the project composition Manta tow guidelines survey Dredged areas Maldives Land and Included in Bathymetry Sonarmite and Once after completion of Survey Authority contractor of dredged Water depth D-GPS construction fees areas (MLSA Standard)
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Applicable Est. Total Monitoring Locations & Indicator Methodology Frequency standard Costs Attribute samples MVR* Island Maldives Land and 10,600 Aerial Imagery Once one month after Shoreline Vegetation line, High tide line, Survey Authority / D-GPS completion of construction changes and low tide line of the island mapping works (MLSA Standard)
To determine the land size and Reclaimed Maldives Land and Included in shape of the islands after Area and areas Once one month after contractor Topographic Survey Authority reclamation and check if they Total Station where island completion of construction fees Survey conform to the original concept existing island works (MLSA Standard) designs. connects To quantify labour force and Project site Daily logs NA Number of identity their accommodation to workers by monitor rent levels and impacts nationality and on housing site of
accommodatio
n
To prevent and manage Number of occupational health and safety Labour Logs accidents and
Force injuries
To ensure the workforce conform Valid work to the relevant laws and visa regulations
A register of To ensure conflicts among complaints and workers and other external grievances groups are avoided maintained
*does not include logistics and professional fees
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Table 10.3: Monitoring Schedule for Operation Stage
Monitoring Locations & Applicable Est. Total Indicator Methodology Frequency Attribute samples standard Costs MVR* Maldivian EPA Marine Laboratory Bi-Annually for the first year marine water 700 Water Turbidity analysis/ SW1, SW2 of operations Quality Onsite tests guideline
Aerial Imagery Bi annually for one year after Shoreline High tide line, and low tide line Reclamation - 8,000 / D-GPS reclamation (for any exposed changes of the reclaimed area site mapping beach areas) Line transact Percent of live coral cover, and survey, Fish Coral reef - fish species abundance and census and T1, T2 Bi-annually for one year 15000 health composition Manta tow survey *does not include logistics and professional fees
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10.4 Monitoring Report
A detailed environmental monitoring report is required to be compiled and submitted to the EPA upon completion of the project based on the data collected for monitoring the parameters included in the monitoring plan given in the EIA. This report may be submitted to the relevant Government agencies in order to demonstrate compliance. If required, however, a monitoring report for the proposed work phase may be prepared and submitted to the Ministry of Environment. The report will include details of the site, strategy of data collection and analysis, quality control measures, sampling frequency and monitoring analysis and details of methodologies and protocols followed. In addition to this more frequent reporting of environmental monitoring will be communicated among the environmental consultant, project proponent, the contractors and supervisors to ensure possible negative impacts are mitigated appropriately during and after the project.
10.5 Cost of Monitoring
The cost of monitoring is estimated to be MVR100,000. Professional consultants will be hired to undertake the monitoring and the necessary equipment for monitoring will be procured.
For pre-construction and construction stage monitoring, individual parameter costs are provided in the relevant tables above.
10.6 Commitment to Monitoring
The proponent is fully committed to undertake the monitoring programme given in this chapter (see Appendix J).
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11 STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Stakeholder consultations were carried out with Addu Council, boat owners, fishermen, wholesale and retail traders and public
11.1 Addu City Council
A meeting was held with Maradhoo Feydhoo Council Director on 03rd August 2019 (11:00 – 12:00) at Maradhoo-Feydhoo town office. Meeting was held with Maradhoo-Feydhoo Councillor was held at CDE office on 6th August 2019. A brief information of the project was given by the team from CDE at the start of the meeting, and the outcomes of this meeting is given below.
Summary of findings
As the existing harbour is adjacent to the Link Road and more there is a need for additional land area near the harbour to accommodate the harbour facilities. The council believes that the existing quay wall needs to re-constructed to allow user safe access to the island.
Current Situation
• Existing harbour is adjacent to the Link Road, as a result, harbour usage leads to traffic on the Link Road. • There are also a couple of small launches which are used for reef fisheries which are moored in the harbour area. • People of Maradhoo-Feydhoo have to usually board vessels from other islands as ferries do not come to the Maradhoo-Feydhoo harbour due to the current state of the harbour quay wall • The harbour is prone to accidents and injuries of people using it due the current state of the quay wall.
Concerns and Recommendations
• The council suggested to reclaim the largest possible area using the dredge material to provide sufficient land area to develop harbour more harbour facilities in the future. • The council suggested to concrete L-blocks as a breakwater instead of rock armour to
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allow small vessels to moor in this area. • The harbour extension works should be carried out in such a way that the impact on environment minimal. They suggested using silt screens, bun walls and carrying out construction during the least impact season of the year • Council mentioned that the project details were discussed with “Avashu Mashvaraa” committee members and the proposed design was passed by the majority of the committee members. (Committee members listed under Appendix I)
Table 11.1: List of participants from meeting with Addu City Council
# Name Designation Contact Email 1 Hussain Hiyaz Councilor 7785477 [email protected] 2 Moosa Naseer Assistant Director 7720603 [email protected]
11.2 Maradhoo-Feydhoo Local Businesses
In order to accommodate for the boats currently using the harbor, the local businesses believe a harbor extension is necessary.
Current Situation
• Boats carrying goods comes around 2 times per week. • Goods are unloaded to the Link Road pavement, where there is no shelter to the unloaded goods. • Due to the current state of the harbour, some of the local business use other harbour to bring goods.
Recommendations for current concept
• Include a sheltered area for temporary goods storage after being unloaded to the harbour
• Allow mooring facilities for the cargo boats
• Also suggested that the proposed breakwater at the corner of the reclaimed is in a constricting angle that would decrease the width of the harbour. They suggested to change the design and expand the harbour by changing the corner to 90 degrees. Table 11.2: List of participants from meeting with Local businesses
Name Designation Contact Email
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Abdullah Rashid Trader 7779387 -
Aqeel Mohamed Trader 9621220 - Moosa Naseem Trader Handhuvareege - Moosa Fikry Trader 7918644 -
11.3 Maradhoo-Feydhoo Fishermen and Boat owners
Door to door consultations were held on 03 rd August 2019. A brief information of the project was given by CDE at the start of the meeting, and the outcomes of this meeting is given below.
Summary of findings
In order to accommodate for the current demand, the boat owners and fishermen believes a harbor extension is necessary.
Current Situation
• There are 2 fishing boats in Maradhoo-Feydhoo, approximately 55ft and 100ft. The boats go fishing on an average 6 times a week. • A lot of maintenance work for boats are done in Maradhoo, which requires extensive use of the harbour. • The existing harbour basin is too shallow, which leads to murky water whenever harbour is used during low tide. As a result, bait fish mortality is high. • Existing mooring options within the harbour are inadequate. As a result, the anchor ropes from the boats make it difficult to move through the harbour.
Recommendations for current concept • Proposed to increase the dredge depth to 5m. • Allow freshwater access at harbour
Table 11.2: List of participants from meeting with Fisherman
Name Designation Contact Email Mumthaaz Ali Fisherman 7938477 -
Abdullah Ali Fisherman Aahiyaa - Mohamed Mushahir Fisherman 7722201 -
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Hussain Moosa Fisherman Dhilaasaage Hassan Didi Fisherman/Construction worker Kihbigasdhoge - Latheef Fisherman 7901380 - Ibrahim Ijlaal Fisherman 9776869 - Ibrahim Shafeeq Fisherman - - Hussain Umar Fisherman Greenlight - Aminath Fahumee Boat Owner Aafehi -
11.4 Dive-Schools in Addu City
Consultations were carried over the phone on 07th August 2019. A brief information of the project was given by CDE at the start of the meeting, and the outcomes of this meeting is given below.
Current Situation
• Equator Village, located in Gan, uses the area SE to the navigation channel for snorkelling for their guests every morning.
• Aquaventure Dive Center, located in Maradhoo, uses the area SE to the navigation channel to carry out open water dive courses for beginners. They do not use the site on a regular basis as most of their clients are professional divers and the site does not offer a rich coral life at greater depths.
• Shangri-La Dive Center, located on Shangr-La’s Villingili Resort & Spa, occasionally use the site SE to the channel for snorkelling. • Sub-Oceanic Watersports, located in Canareef Resort, does not use the area as it is located too far away from the resort.
Recommendations for current concept • Concerns were raised about the impact on the reef from the dredging and reclamation works.
Table 11.2: List of participants from meeting with dive-centers
Name Designation Contact Email
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Umar Equator Village 9649942 -
Abdullah Thayyib Aquaventure Dive Center 7774310 - Hussain Shangri-La Dive Center 7722201 - Mohamed Amith Sub-Oceanic Watersports 9994374
11.5 Response by the Proponent for key Concerns of Stakeholders
Table 11.2: Stakeholder concerns and MNPI responses raised during stakeholder meeting
# Concerns and Recommendations MNPI response
Atoll Council
1 There is a dive spot 200m of the harbour. Necessary Contractor should take necessary measures during measures need to be taken to ensure that the reef is construction not damaged during construction
Local Business
2 Add navigation lights, freshwater access and loading- Navigation lights will be added. Fresh water access is not unloading areas included in the current scope. There is a ramp and pavement around the quay wall
Fisherman and Boat owners
3 Concerns with the current design depth of 3m. Depth will be 3.5m Suggests to increase the depth to 5m
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 119 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
12 CONCLUSIONS
This EIA was prepared to identify and address key environmental and socio-economic impacts of the proposed harbour expansion project at Maradhooo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City. The proponent of this project is the Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure, a contractor for this project is MTCC.
The existing harbour at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island is in poor condition with collapsed breakwater and damaged quaywall. The proximity of the qauywall to the Addu Link road also limits the space available for passenger movements and cargo handling. The harbour useability has been restricted and the safety of passengers could be compromised with the existing facilities. Hence, the Government intends to redevelop the harbour. The overall plan considers future expansion requirements. This project intends to expand the basin; shift the quaywall to allow more space between the road; construct breakwaters and use the dredge waste to create additional space for the harbour land based activities. The existing harbour basin will also be dredged for maintenance. Additionally, a pavement, and mooring hooks are also proposed to be installed as part of the project.
Stakeholder consultation revealed that both the public and the Island Council of Maradhoo- Feydhoo is in favour of the project. Some concerns were raised on the depth, impacts on a nearby dive site, and potential for water stagnation inside harbour, affecting temporary bait fish storage. Suggestions were made to deepen the harbour to -5 m, include availability of fresh water, and change the harbour corners to have 90 degree angles. Dredging depth was changed to -3.5 m in line with other harbours and more measures have been included to protect the dive site. However, other changes were not incorporated into the project design as it would require a major change in the project scope and was not financially feasible within the project budget.
The existing site is has been heavily modified, but the surroundings do not contain a beach, or vegetation. Coastal terrestrial impacts are limited from this project. The marine environment contains seagrass and coral colonies in the vicinity. The seagrass within foot print will be permanently lost while corals may be damaged due to sedimentation and turbidity. The piling works and construction works are expected to cause potential vibration and noise nuisances to nearby buildings. Measures have been proposed to mitigate these and other adverse impacts of this project.
Alternatives were evaluated for the project, including the “no-project” option, alternative site plan and scope, and quawall design. The alternate site plans is recommended due to unavailability of sand. The “No project” alternative was dismissed in favour of potential socio- economic benefits of undertaking this project.
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Monitoring programme proposed has focussed on water quality, marine environment.
This report concludes that moving forward with proposed project will result in inevitable adverse impacts, mainly on the marine life in the project site. These impacts can be reduced with the application of the measures proposed in this report. However, it possible that an unforeseen impact may still occur and in extreme circumstances the impacts predicted may turn out to be far greater than predicted. Hence it is essential to undertake environmental monitoring as per the Monitoring Plan recommended in this report to avoid or reduce the chance of such events from occurring. While the project will have substantial socio-economic benefits to the community, it is advisable that the City Council, Maradhoo-Feydhoo Ward Office and Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure have an understanding of how the proposed additions to this project by the Council will be addressed in the future. The project will need to be implemented in accordance with the final Environmental Decision issued by the Environmental Protection Agency after evaluation of this EIA report.
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REFERENCES
Binnie Black & Veatch. (2000). Environmental / Technical study for dredging / reclamation works under Hulhumale' Project - Final Report. Male': Ministry of Construction and Public Works.
Chesire, A.C., Miller, D.J., Murray-Jones, S., Scriven, L., Sandercock, R. (2002). The Section Bank: ecological communities and strategies for the minimization of dredging impacts. A report to the Office for Coast and Marine National Parks and Wildlife, South Australia, Department for Environment and Heritage. SARDI Aquatic Sciences, West Beach.
DHI. (1999). Physical modelling on wave disturbance and breakwater stability, Fuvahmulah Port Project. Denmark: Port Consult.
Erftemeijer, P., & Robin Lewis, R. (2006). Environmental impacts of dredging on seagrasses: A review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 52(12), 1553-1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.09.006
Green, E.P., Short, F.T. (2003). World Atlas of Seagrasses. Prepared by the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 298 pp.
GODA, Y. 1988. Causes of high waves at Maldives in April 1987. Male': Asia Development Bank.
HAY, J. E. (2006). Climate Risk Profile for the Maldives. Male', Maldives: Ministry of Environment Energy and Water.
Kench, P. S., K. E. Parnell, and R. W. Brander (2003), A process based assessment of engineered structures on reef islands of the Maldives, in Proceedings of the Coasts and Ports Australasian Conference, 2003, edited by P. S. Kench and T. M. Hume, Paper 74, 10 pp., Coastal and Ports Australasian Conf. Organ. Comm., Auckland, New Zealand.
Kench, P. S., Brander, R. W., Parnell, K. E. & Mclean, R. F. (2006). Wave energy gradients across a Maldivian atoll: Implications for island geomorphology. Geomorphology, 81, 1-17.
MEC. (2004). Maldives: State of the Environment 2004, Male', Ministry of Environment and Construction.
Naseer, A. (2003). The integrated growth response of coral reefs to environmental forcing: morphometric analysis of coral reefs of the Maldives. PhD, Dalhousie University.
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Pennekamp, J.G.S., Epskamp, R.J.C., Rosenbrand, W.F., Mullie, A. Wessel, G.L., Arts, T., Deibel, I.K. (1996). Turbidity caused by dredging viewed in perspective. Terra et Aqua 64, 10- 17
Peralta, G., Perez-Lorens, J.L., Hernandez, I., Vergara, J.J. (2002). Effects of light availability on growth, architecture and nutrient content of the seagrass Zostera noltii Hornem. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 269, 9–26.
UNDP. (2006). Developing a Disaster Risk Profile for Maldives, Male', United Nations Development Programme and Government of Maldives.
UNDP. (2009). Detailed Island Risk Assessment of Maldives. Male': UNDP, Maldives.
Young, I. R. (1999). Seasonal variability of the global ocean wind and wave climate. International Journal of Climatology, 19, 931–950.
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APPENDIX A – Terms of Reference
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 124 il D Environmenbl Protectio Agency pt 203-EtARES/a7tl201 9raa
Terms of Reference of Environmental Impact Assessment for the construction ofHarbour at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
The follol}ing is the Terms of Reference (ToR) following the scoping meeting held on 23d July 2019 for undertaking the f,IA of th€ Prop$ed H.rbour ExprDsion Pmject rt M.ndhoG Feydhoo Ishnd, Addu City. The proponent ofthe project is MiDistry of N|tionsl Planning and lnfrastructure. The EIA consuhant ofthis project is Dr. Ahmed Shaig (License No. f,IA P02l2015).
while every attempt has been made to ensure that this ToR addresses ma.jor issues associated with development proposal, they are not necessarily exhaustive. They should not b€ interpreted as excluding from consideration matters deemed to be significant but not incorporated in them, or matters currently unforeseen, that emerge as important or significant from environmental studies, or otherwise, during the course of preparation of the EIA report.
l. Irtroduction apd rrtiopsle - The Govemment of Maldives, as pan of the infias&ucture development pmgramme. intends to expand the Maradhoo-Feydhoo lsland harbour. The island curr€ntly has a harbour but over the years the increasing use of the basin has led to congestion. The Covemment has identified a need to expand the harbour to facilitate the fishin8 and transport industry of the island. The aim of tbis project is to improve access to Mamdhoo-Feydhoo lsland. The objective is to expand the harbour facility to cater for the expandinS fleet and vessels usinS the island. The project involves expanding the harbour basin, removing existing breakwaters, quaywall and a section of the revetment, constructing new breakwaters, maintenance dredging the existing harbour basin and channel, land reclamation and new quaywall construction.
Prpi.cl Pmpopept - The proponent ofthis project is Minislxy ofPlanning and Infrasructure. Contact details Conloat Pe6on: Itls. Shaota Farooq, Directot Generul Ministry of Ho$ing arrd Infrastrlgture. Aneenee Magu
E na i I : s e c r e I ar ia l@p I @i, ing. gov. Dw Phone:3004300
2, Slgj!f,_gleg - Submit a minimum A3 size scaled plan with indications of sll the proposed infiastructures. The study area boundary for primary data collection shall comprise the entire physical island of Maradhoo and Maradhoo-Feydhoo and its eastem side laSoon. Physical assessments should focus on marine and coastal environment within 2 km facing east. Socio economic assessment should primarily focus on Maradhoo-Feydhoo. Additional assessment may focus on Feydhoo and Maradhoo Island.
3. Scope of worl - EIA preparation shall involve the following minimum scope of work (but not necessalily be limited to thes€ tasks), with many task to be undertaken concurrently. The structurc of the EIA shall generally comply with the EIA Regulations 2012 6nd subsequent amendments, but subject to change as required for the Project. Data collection must comply with the EIA Data Collection Guidelines published by EPA or must be acceptable to EPA.
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Tesk l. D6cription of the proposed project Provide a description and justification of the relevant components ofthe project using maps at appropriate scales where necessary. The following should be provided (all inputs and outputs related to the proposed activities shall bejustified);
'lhe main activities ofthe harbour development works are:
Itcliminar'" works
Mobilization; demolishing approximately 260m of revetment, l60m of qua)'\rall, 150 of (panly damaged) sand cement bag breakwater: site setup.
M:lintenance dredging ofthe harbour basin and entrance channel > About 20,800 sq m of new dredSing and maintenance dredSinS with an initial estimated 30,275 cbm, to a depth of-3 to -4 m MSL. > Reclaiming land and backfilling a section ofold hartour, about 14.000 sq m using dredge waste. -260m ofconcrete L-blocks anchored to land side i Pavement and loading area
. Location and size ofthe harbour on an A3 map; . Justification for selecting the methods and equipment; . Dredged material usage details: reclaiming land and backfilling a section ofold harbour, about 14,000 sq n using dredge waste . Duration of dredging activity; . Methods and location for disposal ofdredged sand . En\ ironmenral monitorinB during consrucrion aclivitiest . Measures to protect environmental values during construction and once the new land has been established. and . Project management (include scheduling and duration of the project. safety, equipment and malerial storage. firel management and emergency plan in case ofspills).
Construction of ouav wall loavemenl loadine area) . srovnes and breakwaters . Location and size ofgroynes and breakwaters . Justification for the selection ofthe location: . Mcthod and equipment used for construction, and . Justification for selecting the methods and equipmenl.
Report should outline how the construction workers will be accommodated and how they will be supported on the island. Resource use from the workforce including, utility use and waste management methods must be specified.
Trsk 2. D6criptioD of the envircnment Assemble, evaluale and present the environmenlal baseline study/dala regarding the study area and timing ofthe study (e.g. monsoon season)- ldentiry baseline dala gaps and identif studies and the level of detail to be carried out b!' consullant. Considemtion of likely monitoring requirements should be bome in mind during survey planning, so that data collected is suitable for use as a baseline. As such all baseline dala musl b€ presented in such a way that they will be usefirlly applied to future monitoring. The report should outline detailed methodology ofdata collection utilized.
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rl .,"o.,.'*, Bl.xorgro:n 6l *."o.**..' O j:.- J u Environmental Proteclion Agency EPA All data must be collected as pcr the requirements of the EPA Data Collection Cuideline (published on rv\!w em o,)v mv) The should outl etailed methodoloav of data collection utilized
All survey locations shall be referenced with ceographic Positioning System (GPS) including water sarnpling poinls, vegetation and nois€ levels for posterio. data comparison. Information should be divide-d into the cate8ories shown below:
Climale Temperature, rainfall, wind, waves, Natural Hazard Risks including flooding;
Geomorpholoqy . Shoreline alld tbe vegetation line . Offshor€/coastal Seolo$/ and geomorpholo$/ (use maps); . Bathymetly ofthe harbour area, reclamation ar€as and chsnnel . (Seasonal) pattems ofcaaslal emsion aid accrctior! and . Characteristics of s€{bed sediments to ass€ss dircct habitrt destruction ard turbidity impacts during construction;
Hvdrocraohv/hvdrodvnamics {use maDsr . Tidal ranges and tidal currents; o Wind induced (seasonal) currents; . Se5 water quality measuring these paEmeters: tempemturc, pH, salinity and turbidity Ecolow . Habitat/vegetation survey ofproject site and worker accommodation site (ifany tree removal is required) . Benthic c.mmunities within the project foot print and al pre{etermined monitoring locations within a 2 km radius . Fish life at pre-determined monitoring locations within a 2 km radius . Identiry marine protected areas (MPAS) and sensitive sites in the vicinity ofthe site.
Socio-€conomic environment . Demography: total population, sex mtio, density, growth and pressure on land and marine resources: . Economic activities ofboth men and women; . tfid use plamin& natuml resource us€ and mning of activities al sea; . Servicas quality aod accessibility; . Community needs.
Hazard vulnerabilitv: . Vulnerability ofarea to flooding and storm surge
The repon should outline the detailed methodolos/ of data collection utilized to describe the existinS
Task 3, Legislative etrd regulalory considerstioos , Identiry the pertinent legislation. regulations and standards, and environmental policies that are relevant and applicable to the proposed project, and identify the appropriate authorityjurisdictions that will specifically apply to rhe project. LeSal requircments: . Concept approval from the Ministry ofPlanning and National Inliastructure
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Tesk 4, Potential impects (environmentrl rnd socio{ulturel) of pmposed project, incl, ell steges - The EIA repon should identiry significant impacts, direct and indircct during and after construction. and evaluate the magnitude and significance of each. Panicular atlention shall be given to impacts associated with the following:
lmpacts on the natural environmelt . Changes in flow velocities/directions, resulting in changes in erosion/sedimentation pattems, which may impact shore zone confi guration/coastal morphology; . Sediment dispersal in water column (turbidity at the dredging site (overflow), and related to shore protection activities), possibly resulting in changes in visibility, smothering of coral reefs and benthic communities and affecting fish and shellfish etc.; . Seawater quality deterioralion . Ecosystem services: loss ofseagrass beds and comls by area . waste management during construction, paiicularly from demolition waste . Erosion on unprotected reclaimed areas . Impacts on unique or threatened habitats or species (coral reefs, sea turtles etc.), and . Impacts on landscape integ tylscenery.
Clonstruction related hazards and risks . Pollution ofthe natural environment (e.g- oil spills. disposal ofconstruction waste)l . Risk ofaccidents and pollution on workers and local population. and
Social Land use change Tmffic impacts during construction Impacts on harbour use during construction (particularly on Fishing fleet, trade and passenger movement) Safety - worker and community safery during harbour construction and operationi
The methods used to identiry the significarce of the impacls shall be outlined. One or more of the following methods must te utilized in delermining impacts; checklists, matrices, ove.lays, networks, expert systems and professional judgment. Justification must be provided to the selected methodologies. The report should outline the uncenainties in impact prediction and also outline all positive and negative/shon and lonS-term impacts. Identiry impacts that are cumulative and unavoidable.
Task 5. Alternatives to proposed project - Describe altematives including the "no action option" shottld be presented. Detemine the tr€st pmctical environmental options. This should include altemative location of the harbor, technologies. materials. designs, timinS. etc. Environmental, social and economic faclors should be taken into consideration. The report should hightighl how the location was determined. All altematives must be compared according to commonly accepled slandards as much as possible. The comparison should yi€ld the prefened altemalive for implementation-
Task 6, Mitigation and maoagement of negative imprcts ldentify possible measures to prevent or reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels. These will include both environmental and socio- cconomic mitigation measures with particular attention paid to sedimentation control and future changes in
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coastal processes. Mitigation measures to avoid or comp€nsate habiEt destruction caused by dredging will have to be considered. Cost the mitigation measures, equipment and resources required to implement those measures. The confirmation of commitment of the developer to irnplement the proposed mitigation measures shall also be included. An Environmental Management Plan for the proposed project, identirying responsible persons, their duties and commitments shall also be given. ln cases where impacts are unavoidable arrangements to compensate for the environmenlal effect shall be given.
Tssk 7. Development of mooitoriDg pl.n Identiry the critical issues requidng moniroring to ensure compliance to mitigation measures and present impact management and monitoring plan for coastal modificalion, beach morphology, sediment movement around the island. Detail of the monitoring program including the physical and biological parameters for monitoring, cost commhment from responsible person to conduct monitoring in the form ofa commitment letter, detailed reponing scheduling, cosls and methods ofundertaking the monitoring program must b€ provided. . Change ofbathymefy ofthe harbour basin and entmnce channel; . Aerial photo ofthe island, and . Erosion and accretion:
Trsk 8. Strkebolder coDlultrtioo, hter-Agency coordiDrtioo rd public/flco perticipation) Identiry appropriate mechanisms for providing information on the development prcposal and its progress to all stakeholders, govemment authorities The EIA repon should include a list of peopl€y'groups consulted. their contact details and summary of the major outcomes. All relevant stakehoiders should be consuhed including: Conslltations mus! be held with, but lirnited to, the following parties or groups: a. Addu City Council b. Fishermen c. Wholesale and retail traders d. Ferry and cargo boat operators e. Public consultation
All meetings should be conducted in person and meeting minutes need to be annexed, along with the attendance sheets. Meeting minutes need to tre endorsed by the relevant stakeholder. 4. Deliverabl6 snd rtouir€d re3ources The EIA report will be concise and focus on significanl environmenral issues. It will be submitted in digital format to the relevant govemment minisfy and to the EPA for review and evaluation. The EIA report willcontain findings, conclusions and recommended actions supported by summaries of the data collected and citations for any references used in inte.preting such data. The EIA report will be organized according to the points discussed irl the final ToR document. Monitoring reporls will be submitted according to deadlines stated in the EIA repon in a digitalized format to relevant institutions. It should be noted here that the EIA report should be submitted to Addu City council before submission to EPA
Timeframe for submittinq the EIA reoort The developer must submit (he completed EIA repon within 6 months from the date ofthis Term of Reference. R
23'd July 20l9
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APPENDIX B – Concept Plan
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 125 73°7'30"E 73°7'35"E 73°7'40"E 73°7'45"E S S " " 0 0 1 1 ' ' 0 0 4 4 ° ° 0 0 Legend
Land Reclamation New Revetment Breakwater A and groyne Length: 62 m Revetment removal
New Revetment ! ! Breakwater A Quaywall Length: 59 m Breakwater Proposed Harbour Basin Area: 5,000 sq m Maintenance Dredging S S " " 5 5 1 1 ' '
0 0 Dredging Area 4 4 ° °
0 Revetment removal 0 area Breakwater A ! Maintenance dredging Length: 61 m Area: 11,260 sq m New Quawall µ Length: 260 m Proposed Harbour Basin
! Area: 4,535 sq m Breakwater A Reclamation Area Length: 63 m Area: 14,000 sq m 1:2,961 S S " " 0 0 Meters 2 2 ' ' 0 0
4 4
° ° ! 0
0 0 25 50 100 New Revetment and groyne Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City Harbour expansion project Revetment removal Site Plan area PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84; Aerial photo July 2018 Map version: 07/07/2019 Surveyed and Prepared by: CDE Consulting, Maldives 73°7'30"E 73°7'35"E 73°7'40"E 73°7'45"E EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
APPENDIX C - Approvals
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 126
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
APPENDIX D – Work Plan
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 127 S. Maradhoo Feydhoo Harbour Project ID Task Name Duration Month -1 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Month 13 Month 14 1 N. Henbadhoo Harbour 396 d 396 d 2 Contract Start 2 d 3 Site Hand Over 5 d 4 Survey & Design 93 d 93 d 5 EIA submission & Approval 60 d 6 Insurvey 3 d 7 Prepare Detail Designs 15 d 8 Design Approvals 10 d 9 Mobilization 20 d 10 Site Set up 20 d 11 Survey & Setting Out 2 d 12 Harbour and Entrance Dredging 235 d 235 d 13 Dredging NEW Area 100 d 14 Re-Dredging Old Harbour 75 d 15 Re-Dredging Entrance Channel 60 d 16 Quaywall 180 d 180 d 17 Procure Material 90 d 18 Driving of Sheet Piles 75 d 19 Driving of Anchor Piles 80 d 20 Installation of Anchors 80 d 21 Capping Beam Works 90 d 22 Break Water 135 d 135 d 23 Armouring Supply 90 d 24 Armour Install 90 d 25 Revetment 215 d 215 d 26 Armouring Supply 90 d 27 Armour Install 60 d 28 Groynes 225 d 225 d 29 Armouring Supply 120 d 30 Armour Install 60 d 31 Paving Works 45 d 45 d 32 Leveling & Compaction 40 d 33 Installation of Kerbs & Blocks 40 d 34 Ramp Works 20 d 35 Fish Landing Area 10 d 36 Mooring Buoys 10 d 37 Installation of Navigation Lights 5 d 38 Installation of Harbour Lights 20 d 39 Completion & Handover 13 d 13 d 40 Out survey 3 d 41 Demobilization & Clean up of Site 10 d
Task Project Summary Manual Task Start-only Deadline
Split Inactive Task Duration-only Finish-only Progress
Date: 20-08 Milestone Inactive Milestone Manual Summary Rollup External Tasks Manual Progress
Summary Inactive Summary Manual Summary External Milestone
Page 1 EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
APPENDIX E – Survey Location Map
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 128 A!
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73°7'25"E 73°7'30"E 73°7'35"E 73°7'40"E 73°7'45"E 73°7'50"E 73°7'55"E 73°8'0"E 73°7'25"E 73°7'30"E 73°7'35"E 73°7'40"E 73°7'45"E 73°7'50"E 73°7'55"E S S " " 0 0 0 ' ' .2 0 0 4
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Meters S S " " 0 0 2 2 ' ' 0 0 4 4 ° ° 0 0 0 30 60 120 180 0 .1 8 m /s Maradhoofeydhoo, Seenu Atoll Currents Map S S " " PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84; 5 5 2 2
' VERTICAL DATUM: Mean Sea Level (2019) - Gan Airport Tide Gauge ' 0 0
4 All features based on GPS surveys (August 2019) 4 ° ° 0 0 Map version 17-08-2019
Surveyed and Prepared by: CDE Surveying, Maldives
73°7'25"E 73°7'30"E 73°7'35"E 73°7'40"E 73°7'45"E 73°7'50"E 73°7'55"E EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
APPENDIX F – Bathymetry
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 129 73°7'28"E 73°7'30"E 73°7'32"E 73°7'34"E 73°7'36"E 73°7'38"E 73°7'40"E 73°7'42"E 73°7'44"E 73°7'46"E 73°7'48"E
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PROJECTION: Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 43 N); HORIZONTAL DATUM: WGS84; S S " " VERTICAL DATUM: Hulhule Tide Gauge 4 4 2 2 ' '
0 Map version: 19/08/2019 0 4 4 ° ° 0 0 Surveyed and Prepared by: CDE Consulting, Maldives 73°7'28"E 73°7'30"E 73°7'32"E 73°7'34"E 73°7'36"E 73°7'38"E 73°7'40"E 73°7'42"E 73°7'44"E 73°7'46"E 73°7'48"E EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
APPENDIX G – Water Quality Test Report
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 130
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
APPENDIX H – CV of Consultants
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 131 Mohamed Faizan
WORK ADDRESS
Address: H. Orchidmaage, 4th Floor, Orchidmaage, 20095, Malé, Maldives Email: [email protected] Tel: +960-3312514
EDUCATION
University of Malaya (Malaysia) Master of Technology (Environmental Management) August 2012 – October 2014
International Islamic University Malaysia (Malaysia) Bachelor of Biotechnology (Honors) July 2006 – June 2010
Centre for Higher Secondary Education (Maldives) GCE Advanced Level Certificate June 2002 – June 2004 Subjects: Biology, Chemistry and Mathematics Higher Secondary Education Certificate Subjects: Dhivehi, Islam
EMPLOYMENT RECORD
CDE Consulting (Maldives) Senior Environmental Consultant July 2014 – Present Key Roles & Plan, organize and undertake Responsibilities: environmental baseline assessments, environmental impact assessments and environmental monitoring programs Supervisors: Dr. Ahmed Shaig, Director, Environmental Services Email: [email protected]
Mohamed Faizan Page 1 of 9 CDE Consulting (Maldives) Environmental Consultant June 2010– July 2012 Key Roles & Assist in preparation of Responsibilities: Environmental Impact Assessment reports; undertake environmental baseline surveys and monitoring. Supervisors: Dr. Ahmed Shaig, Director, Environmental Services Email: [email protected]
Integrated Climate Change Strategy (Project funded by UNDP/GEF, and implemented by the Ministry of Environment and Energy, Maldives) Project Assistant February 2005– April 2006 Key Roles & Assist project manager in organizing Responsibilities: workshops and field visits related to the projects. Assist in financial management and reporting for the project. Prepare monthly newsletter to update all stakeholders on project activities. Helped in development of climate change awareness materials. Supervisors: - Dr. Mizna Mohamed, Former ICCS Project Manager Email: [email protected] - Ms. Lubna Moosa, Former ICCS Project Manager Email: [email protected]
CONSULTANCY EXPERIENCE
Client: Vita Heights Company Limited Title: Environmental Monitoring for the dredging and resort May 2017 - ongoing development project at Bolidhuffaru Reef, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize, and co-ordinate environmental monitoring surveys
- Seawater quality, sedimentation, and coral reef assessments
- Prepare environmental monitoring reports
Mohamed Faizan Page 2 of 9 Client: Vita Heights Company Limited Title: EIA for the proposed dredging component of the resort April 2017 development project at Bolidhuffaru Reef, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize, and co-ordinate baseline survey
- Baseline environment, and impact assessment
Client: Fushifaru Investments Private Limited Title: First Addendum to the EIA prepared for the proposed March 2017 resort development in Fushifaru Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Contributions: - Marine baseline environment assessment, and impact assessment
Client: Ministry of Environment and Energy Title: EIA for the proposed Water Supply System in Rasdhoo March 2017 Alif Alif Atoll Contributions: - Marine baseline environment assessment
Client: Nakachaa Huraa Development Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort March 2017 development project at Nakachaa Huraa, North Male’ Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize, and co-ordinate baseline survey
- Baseline environment, and impact assessment
Client: Ithaafushi Investments Private Limited Title: Second Addendum to the EIA prepared for the proposed February 2017 land reclamation and resort development in Ithaafushi Reef, South Malé Atoll Contributions: - Assessment of the marine environment and environmental impacts of the project.
Mohamed Faizan Page 3 of 9 Client: KASA Holdings Pvt Ltd Title: Meeru Island Resort and Spa, Coral Gardening Project January 2017 - Ongoing Contributions: - Design coral gardening project. - Preparation of Environmental Management Plan for the project - Monitoring and reporting
Client: Dredging International Services (Cyprus) Ltd Title: Construction phase environmental monitoring for the January 2017 - Ongoing Emboodoofinolhu Falhu Resort Development Project Contributions: - Plan, organize and co-ordinate Environmental monitoring schedule, and activities. - Seawater quality, sedimentation, and coral reef assessments - Prepare environmental monitoring reports
Client: Mesa RF Private Limited Title: First Addendum to the EIA for the proposed January 2017 Rahfalhuhuraa Resort Development Project At Mai Falhu, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize, and co-ordinate baseline survey
- Baseline environment, and impact assessment and compile EIA report
Client: Vita Heights Company Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort October 2016 development project at Bolidhuffaru Reef, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: - Plan, organize and co-ordinate environmental baseline surveys. - Undertake coral reef assessment - Impacts assessment for of EIA report.
Mohamed Faizan Page 4 of 9 Title: Construction phase environmental monitoring for the May 2016 - Ongoing China-Maldives Friendship Bridge Contributions: - Plan, organize and co-ordinate Environmental monitoring schedule, and activities. - Undertake coral reef monitoring - Prepare environmental monitoring reports
Client: Ooredoo Maldives Title: EIA for the proposed Nationwide Submarine Cable by May 2016 Ooredoo Maldives Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report and impacts section of EIA report.
Client: MESA RF Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed Rahfalhuhuraa Resort April 2016 Development Project, at Maifalhu, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Undertook marine impact assessments.
Client: Big Stone Investment Title: EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort April 2016 development project in Maagaa North Ari Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Undertook marine impact assessments.
Client: Ocean Islands Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed land reclamation and resort April 2016 development project in Maagaa North Ari Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Undertook marine impact assessments.
Client: Champalars Holdings Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed tourist resort development at December 2015 Kudadhoo Island, Lhaviyani Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Prepared the overall EIA Report.
Mohamed Faizan Page 5 of 9
Client: Maldives Inflight Catering Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed tourist resort development at December 2015 Madifushi Island, Meemu Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Prepared the overall EIA Report.
Client: Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Title: EIA for the proposed Malé – Hulhulé Bridge July 2015 Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Prepared the overall EIA Report.
Client: Nasandhura Palace Hotel Investments Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed redevelopment of Nasandhura June 2015 Palace Hotel Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report. Prepared the overall EIA Report.
Client: Shuaz Investment Private Limited Title: EIA for the proposed resort development in Madivaru, May 2015 Kaafu Atoll Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessments, and prepared marine assessment report.
Client: Velaa Private Island Title: EIA for the proposed coral rejuvenation project at Velaa March 2015 Private Island Contributions: Undertook marine baseline assessment surveys, including stakeholder consultations. Prepared and complied the EIA report.
Client: Shangri-La’s Villingili Resort and Spa Title: Coral gardening project Shangri-la’s Villingili Resort and February 2015 Spa Contributions: Undertook baseline coral reef assessment of Shangri-La’s reef. Designed the coral gardening programme. Undertook the EIA for the coral gardening programme.
Mohamed Faizan Page 6 of 9
Client: Malé Water and Sewerage Company Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed sewerage system project at April 2014 Kanditheem, Shaviyani Atoll Contributions: Marine environment assessment and section for EIA report
Client: Holiday Inn Resort Kandooma Maldives Title: EIA for the proposed beach replenishment project in April 2014 Holiday Inn Resort Kandooma, South Malé Atoll Contributions: Marine environment assessment and section for EIA report
Client: Mr. Ibrahim Shazyl, Venture Maldives Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed sewerage system Maduvvari, Raa February 2012 Atoll Contributions: Undertook the baseline assessment surveys, including stakeholder consultations. Prepared and complied the EIA report
Client: Mr. Ismail Shafeeu, Static Company Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed installation and operation of January 2012 desalination plant at Hithaadhoo, Baa Atoll Contributions: Preparation and compilation of EIA report
Client: Tatva Global Renewable Energy (Maldives) Pvt Ltd Title: EIA for the proposed Solid Waste Management facility at December 2011 Thilafushi Contributions: Undertook marine baseline surveys, and prepared the marine assessment section for the EIA report. Complied the overall EIA report
Client: Bonnavvista (Maldives) Private Limited Singapore Title: EIA for the development of a domestic airport on October 2011 Koodoo, GA Atoll Contributions: Undertook environmental baseline surveys for the EIA, and prepared the Existing Environment chapter for the EIA report.
Mohamed Faizan Page 7 of 9 Client: Ministry of Housing and Environment Title: EIA for the proposed harbor entrance channel dredging August 2011 project in Bodufolhudhoo Island, North Ari Atoll Contributions: Undertook environmental baseline surveys for the EIA, and prepared the Existing Environment chapter for the EIA report and complied the overall EIA report
Client: Mr. Hussain Afeef Title: EIA for the proposed redevelopment Phase I of July 2011 Gasfinolhu Island Resort, Kaafu Atoll Contributions: Undertook environmental baseline surveys for the EIA, and prepared the marine environment section for the EIA report
Client: Ministry of Housing and Environment Title: EIA for the proposed reconstruction of Shaviyani March 2011 Foakaidhoo Harbour Contributions: Undertook environmental baseline surveys for the EIA, and prepared the marine environment section for the EIA report
Client: Department of National Planning Title: Household Income and Expenditure Survey for March 2011 Foreigners Contributions: Lead and organized the survey for 82 households in Malé
Client: Works Corporation Limited Title: EIA for the sewerage system development in N. September 2010 Miladhoo Contributions: Undertook baseline surveys, and prepared the marine environment section
Mohamed Faizan Page 8 of 9 KEY WORKSHOPS, AND TRAININGS ATTENDED
Coral Database Training, organized by Lim Geomatics, Malé, Maldives November 2013
Workshop on Training and Capacity Building in Coral Reef Monitoring May 2012 Identifying Indicators for Regional Adaptation and Resilience, Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka
PADI Open Water Dive Certification, Malé, Maldives July 2009
South Asia MCPA Managers Training Course June 2008
Regional Workshop on Climate Change Negotiations in South and October 2005 South Asia, Bangladesh, Dhaka
REFERENCES
Dr. Simad Saeed Dr. A. Sasekumar Managing Director Senior Research Fellow (Retired) CDE Consulting University of Malaya Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]
Dr. Ahmed Shaig Director, Environmental Services CDE Consulting Email: [email protected]
Mohamed Faizan Page 9 of 9 ALI MOOSA DIDI 4th floor, MA. Rose Villa • Dhevina Magu • Male' • Maldives • 00 960 791-2001• [email protected]
A highly motivated individual with a hardworking attitude and over ten years of experience in the surveying industry of the Maldives.
Personal
Name: Ali Moosa Didi Date of Birth: 18th June 1985 Gender: Male Marital Status: Single NID No: A-154179
Education
UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, GCE ORDINARY LEVEL (JAN 1997) Madharasthul Islamiya School Male’, Rep of Maldives
Employment
SURVEYOR (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) CDE Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Conducting field based surveying activities; including shoreline mapping exercises, vegetation assessments, topographic surveys and hydrographic surveys. Work duties also include the consequent data processing and mapping activities of all the surveys conducted at the office.
HUMAN RESOURCES OFFICER (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) Ryco Investment Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Assisted the Office Manager in handling all the human resources related duties of the Office, including Payroll processing.
ASSISTANT SURVEYOR (FULL TIME) (January 2010 – PRESENT) CDE Pvt Ltd Male', Rep of Maldives Assiting field based surveying activities; including shoreline mapping exercises, vegetation assessments, topographic surveys and hydrographic surveys. Work duties also included the consequent data processing and mapping activities of all the surveys conducted at the office.
俀A Skills
Competent in using Surveying Equipment and Accessories Intermediate in Microsoft Applications Intermediate in ArcGIS application
俀A
Work Experience
• Travelled to all 20 atolls of the Maldives • Over 100+ islands in the Maldives; including 20+ Resorts, 50+ Inhabited islands and 30+ Uninhabited islands and their associated reef systems Some of the EIA’s that I have worked on as a member of the team, or contributed to the field surveying work (Past 5 years only); • Tourism Development Projects: . Adh. Bodukaashihuraa Resort Development EIA . B. Dhigufaruvinagandu Resort Development EIA . K. Madivaru Resort Development EIA . Lh. Fushifaru Resort Development EIA . N. Thanburudhuffushi Picnic Island Development EIA . K. Gasfinolhu Addendum EIA (Palm transplanting) . K. Taj Vivanta Resort Shore Protection EIA . Lh. Maabinhuraa Resort Development EIA . Aa. Maagaa Resort Development EIA . Aa. Madivaru Finolhu Resort Development EIA . Olhuveli Lagoon Reclamation EIA . Dh. Aluvifushi Resort Development EIA . Lh. Huruvalhi Resort Development EIA • Agricultural Development Projects: . Sh. Madidhoo Agricultural Development EIA . Lh. Maduvarri Agricultural Development EIA . N. Minaavaru Agricultural Development EIA • Airport Development Projects: . R. Ifuru Airport Development EIA . N. Maafaru Airport Development EIA • Major public/ private sector Projects: . Tree Top Hospital Development EIA . Nasandhura Palace Hotel Redevelopment EIA . Thilafushi Harbor Development EIA . Male-Hulhule Bridge, Borehole Drilling EIA . Male-Hulhule Bridge EIA . Addu and Fuvahmulah ESIA for Wetland Project
References
Simad Saeed, PhD Ahmed Shaig, PhD Managing Director Director CDE Pvt Ltd CDE Pvt Ltd 4th Floor, Orchidmaage, Ameeruahmed Magu, 4th Floor, Orchidmaage, Ameeruahmed Magu, Male’Maldives Male’Maldives [email protected] [email protected] Tel: +960 331 2514 Tel: +960 331 2514 Fax: +960 331 5926 Fax: +960 331 5926
Ahmed Shaig Phone: (+960) 77 88 758 [email protected]
Personal Details Date of Birth: 19/02/1976 Nationality: Maldivian Gender: Male Marital Status: Married Permanent Address: Maldives Present Address: M. Muleege, Orchid Magu, Male’, Maldives.
Education PhD, Environmental Science, 2009 James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
Research degree on ‘Settlement Planning for Natural Hazard Resilience in Small Island States: The Population and Development Consolidation Approach’
BSc Land and Spatial Information Studies/Information Science. (double major), 1999-2001 University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Diploma in project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, 1995 ILO training Centre, Turin, Italy
Employment History
Director, Environmental Services 2008 to present CDE Consulting Supervisor: Dr. Simad Saeed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 7777445 Head of environmental wing
Assistant Under-secretary, Spatial Planning 2002-2004 Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Hon. Hamdun Hameed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 332-3919 Head of Spatial Planning Unit. Relevant Tasks include: ♦ Oversee environment related projects and application of environmental guidelines for planned projects. ♦ Plan, implement and oversee the development of a National GIS; ♦ Aid/facilitate/oversee urban planning, housing, land use planning, natural resource planning and environment related projects; Provide assistance in project planning (includes urban and regional planning, natural resources planning)
Project Manager, National Digital Mapping Project 2005 (8 months) Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Hon. Hamdun Hameed Republic of Maldives Phone: +(960) 332-3919 ♦ Project involved aerial photography and satellite imagery of entire Maldives, ground surveying of key settlements, digital conversion of data and setting up a Mapping Unit.
Assistant Planning Officer/Planning Officer 1994-1999 Ministry of Planning and National Development Supervisor: Mr. Mohamed Hunaif Republic of Maldives Phone +(960) 331-3040 Relevant tasks involved: ♦ Assisting in the National GIS Development Programme (Junior GIS developer) ♦ Facilitate urban planning, housing, land use planning, natural resource planning and environment related projects.
Ahmed Shaig page 1
Experience in Consultancy
. September 2002: Member of the team appointed for environmental surveying and carrying capacity assessment of islands for tourism development in the southern atolls of Maldives for Ministry of Tourism Maldives. . October 2002: Developed the Census GIS for United National Population Fund . December 2002: Developed the Maldives Protected Areas Systems GIS for Maldives Home Affairs Housing and Environment. . February 2003: Participated in the preparation of Royal Island and Spa Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report for Royal Island and Spa. . April 2003: Member of the team selected for developing town plans for urban centres in Northern and Southern Regional Development Zones, looking specifically into environmental control measures, for Ministry of Planning and National Development. . April 2003: Participated in the preparation of Environmental Impact Statement for Coastal Modifications on Rihiveli, South Malé Atoll, Maldives. . April 2003: Participated in the surveying and preparation of Environmental Impact Statement for the proposed coastal improvements to address coastal erosion concerns on Royal Island Spa Resort, Baa Atoll, Maldives. . May 2003: Participated in the bathymetry survey and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for Deepening of Existing Entrance Channel to Service Jetty, Soneva Gili Resort and Spa, North Malé Atoll, Maldives . May 2003: Participated in the preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for development of an access channel into the natural inner lagoon (Vilu) of Mayafushi resort, North Ari Atoll. . May 2003: Participated in the preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment for Landaa Giraavaru Pvt. Ltd. for the development of a Four Season’s Tourist Resort on the island of Landaa Giraavaru in Baa Atoll, Maldives. . June 2003: Participated in survey and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for the Development of a Mooring Area and Associated Beach Replenishment in, Boduhithi Club, North Malé Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in the surveying and preparation of Initial Environmental Examination for Short- term and Long-term Shore Protection Measures at Alimatha Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Conducted shoreline and vegetation line of Alimatha Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in the surveying for Initial Environmental Examination for Short-term and Long- term Shore Protection Measures at Dhiggiri Tourist Resort, Vaavu Atoll, Maldives. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Fun Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Sun Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . July 2003: Participated in conducting and preparation of Holiday Island Resort Annual Environmental Monitoring Report. . August 2003: Developed the Initial Environmental Examination for the construction of Sun Decks along the southern beach of Kudarah Island Resort. . September 2003: Participated in surveying and preparation of Fonaddoo Environmental Impact Assessment Report for the development of fisheries complex, Fonaddoo, Maldives. . October 2003: Participated in surveying and preparation of Kuda Rah Erosion Study and recommendations for shore protection and erosion prevention . November 2003: Conducted vegetation and shoreline survey of Dhonveli Beach and Spa and Four Seasons Report for the Boundary Delineation between the two islands. . December 2003: Contributed to the Landuse Planning Guidelines of Maldives (environmental aspects) for Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. . December 2003: Contributed to the Development of a Building Code of Maldives for Ministry of Housing and Urban Development. . January 2004: Co-author to the Environmental Guidelines for the Development of Resort Islands in Maldives, Ministry of Tourism. . February 2004: Developed the Baa Atoll Spatial Development Plan for Ministry of Planning and National Development.
Ahmed Shaig page 2
. April-July 2004: Participated in the preparation of the Environmental aspects of the 8 bid proposals for resort Development for various proponents. . November 2005: Participated in the preparation of EIA for L.Gan Resettlement Project for Ministry of Housing. . December 2005: Participated in the surveying and preparation of EIA for Gn Fuvahmulaku Tourist Hotel Development . November 2005: Developed a GIS for strategic planning to select islands for tourism development for Ministry of Tourism. . January 2006: Local consultant for the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of Maldives Regional Development Plan, for AGRIFOR Consult Consortium, Belgium. . June 2006: Developed the Baa Atoll Resource Management GIS for Ministry of Environment and Energy. . August 2006: Consultant to the Integrated Climate Change System (ICCS) project – Assessment of vulnerability of Maldives Islands and Beaches to climate change . September 2006: Consultant to the ICCS project – Assessment of vulnerability of Maldives Infrastructure to climate change . November 2006: Consultant to the preparation of National Adaptation Programme of Action in Maldives for Ministry of Environment. . December 2006: Environmental Consultant to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Project: Disaster Risk Assessment of Selected nine Safe Islands in Maldives. . April 2007: Prepared the Coastal Erosion Assessment and Management Report for Ga.Meradhoo Island. . May 2007: Participated in the preparation of EIA for N. Randheli Resort Development Project, I&T Management group. . June 2007: Participated in the preparation of Millennium Development Goals, Maldives Country Report. . October 2007: Natural Hazard Assessment consultant to the UNDP Project: Disaster Risk Assessment of Selected Safe Islands in Maldives. . November 2007: Prepared the EIA for proposed coastal protection, beach replenishment and access improvement of Elaa, Thaa Atoll, for Mr Abbas Mohamed, H. Merry Rose. . May 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for sand sourcing and beach replenishment project of Viligilli Island, Addu Atoll, for Shangri-La at Viligilli.. . April 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for N. Maafaru Airport Development Project for Noonu Hotels Pvt Ltd. . May 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for resort development in Huvandhumaavattaru, Noonu Atoll . June 2009: Prepared a status of the environment report Randheli Island, Noonu Atoll. . July 2009: Prepared the Environmental EIA for harbour development in Fiyoari, Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll. . July 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for Jetty and arrival lounge development project in Gan, Addu Atoll, for Island Aviation Services Private Limited. . July 2009: Team Leader for the socio-economic risk assessment of Selected Safe Islands in Maldives. . August 2009: Coastal erosion data synthesis for selected islands of Maldives, for World Bank Maldives Environmental Management Project. . September 2009: Prepared the beach management plan and development control measures for Reethibeach Island Resort, Baa Atoll. . September 2009: Participated in the preparation of EIA for agricultural island development in Felivaru, Noonu Atoll, for Fantasy Private Limited. . September 2009: Consultant to review the safer islands programme and cost benefit study of mitigation measures in three islands in the Maldives for UNDP. . October 2009: Consultant to the Maldives Environmental Management Project for waste management technical assistance for World Bank. . December 2009: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Randheli Island, Noonu Atoll. . January 2010: Prepared the beach management plan and development control measures for Shangri-La Island Resort, Addu Atoll. . January 2010: Consultant to the Atoll Ecosystem Conservation project conservation component defining conservation areas and development controls. . February 2010: Prepared the environmental audit of Thunbafushi Island, Kaafu Atoll, for Champa Brothers Private Limited.
Ahmed Shaig page 3
. March 2010: Prepared the beach management plan and development control for Herathera Island Resort, Addu Atoll. . March 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for power plant upgrading project in Palm Beach Island in Lhaviyani Atoll. . April 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for Seagrass removal and beach replenishment project in Olhuveli Island Resort and Spa, Kaafu Atoll. . April 2010: Prepared an EIA addendum for resort development in Gaakoshibee Island, Shaviyani Atoll. . May 2010: Consultant to undertake island environmental scoping studies in 30 islands in North Maldives to determine islands with resort development potential for GMR Group of India. . May 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for harbour development project in Madidhoo Island, Shaviyani Atoll. . June 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for deep piling project in Olhuveli Island Resort and Spa, Kaafu Atoll. . July 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for the development of an aquaculture site in Kanduoigiri, Kaafu Atoll. . July 2010: Environmental planning consultant for Shangri-La at Viligilli Maldives, Addu Atoll. . July 2010: Environmental planning consultant to the Addu Land Use Planning project (including defining development controls) in Addu Atoll Maldives for South Province Office. . August 2010: Environmental Consultant for the Atoll Ecosystem Conservation Project to declare Baa Atoll as a UNESCO Biosphere reserve. . September 2010: Lead author in the EIA for Seagrass removal and beach replenishment project in Herathera Island, Addu Atoll. . September 2010: Lead author in the EIA for resort redevelopment in Vilamendhoo Island Resort, Ari Atoll. . September 2010: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for Gulhifalhu land reclamation project in Gulhifalhu, Male’ Atoll, for Capital Investment and Finance Limited, UK. . September 2010: Participated in the preparation of EIA for sewerage system development project in Miladhoo, Noonu Atoll. . October 2010: Consultant to undertake the coastal adaptation survey of 40 islands in Maldives for Ministry of Housing and Environment. . November 2010: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Maamigili Island, Raa Atoll . January 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Hithadhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . February 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Maradhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . March 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Feydhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . April 2011: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . May 2012: Coastal erosion mitigation assessment and planning for Six Senses Laamu, Laamu Atoll . January 2012: Lead author in the preparation of EIA for sewerage and water system development project in Fuvahmulah Island, Addu City for Bi-water International Private Limited. . February 2012: Coastal erosion mitigation assessment and planning for Fushivelavaru Island . March 2012: EIA for the proposed resort redevelopment project in Conrad Rangali Island for Champa and Crown Resorts . March 2012: EIA for the proposed resort redevelopment project in Gasfinolhu Island Resort, Champa and Crown Resorts . May 2012: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Gasfinolhu Island, Male’ Atoll . June 2012: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Nakachchaa Huraa Island, Male’ Atoll . April 2012: Member of the consultant team that prepared the Tourism Opinion and Profile Survey 2011, Ministry of Tourism. . October 2012: Environmental consultant to the preparation of 4th Tourism Master plan for Ministry of Tourism, Maldives. . November 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on land reclamation, resort development and development control measures in Dhiffushi Island Reef, Male’ Atoll.
Ahmed Shaig page 4 . January 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Hankede Island, Addu Atoll . January 2013: Environmental consultant for advising on resort development and development control measures in Hankede Island, Addu Atoll June 2013: Local Environment consultant to the WCCM project, HIDRIA and Aquatica, Spain. . June 2015: Environmental consultant for Nasandhura Palace Hotel Redevelopment EIA, 15-storey building, Male'City . June 2015: Environmental consultant for Male-Hulhule Bridge, Borehole Drilling EIA, Male' City . July 2015: Environmental consultant for Male-Hulhule Bridge EIA, Male' City . September 2015: Environmental consultant for Development of Tertiary Hospital in Hulhumale . July 2015: Environmental consultant for Development of 9-Storey Building for ADK, Male'City
Ahmed Shaig page 5
Membership of Professional Bodies . Member of Building Code Committee, Maldives . Member of Commission on Sustainable development . Member of the Technical Committee for Developing Spatial Plans for conducting tourism related activities in Ari Atoll. . Member of Climate Advisory Council to the President of Maldives 2009- to present. . Registered EIA Consultant in Maldives Environment Protection Agency roster.
Major Publications
SHAIG, A. (2001) "An Overview of Web Based Geographic Information Systems". In Proceedings: Thirteenth Annual Colloquium of the Spatial Information Research Centre. P.A. Whigham (ed). 2 - 5 Dec, Dunedin, New Zealand. University of Otago, pp.255-264.
SHAIG, A. (2006). Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of the Coastal Infrastructure of Maldives. Technical Paper submitted to Maldives National Adaptation Plan of Action for Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water, Male', Maldives.
SHAIG, A. (2006). Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment of the Land and Beaches of Maldives. Technical Paper submitted to Maldives National Adaptation Plan of Action for Climate Change. Ministry of Environment, Energy and Water, Male', Maldives.
SHAIG, A. (2007) Land Study of Maldives, 2006. Ministry of Planning and National Development, Male’ Maldives.
SHAIG, A. and Aslam, M (2007) Detailed Island Risk Assessment Maldives Volume I to Volume IV – Natural Hazard Assessment (Final Draft). UNDP, Male’ Maldives
SHAIG, A. (2007) Detailed Island Risk Assessment Maldives Volume I to Volume IV – Environmental Vulnerability Assessment (Final Draft). UNDP, Male’ Maldives.
Academic Achievements
2001 Critchlow Associates Prize in Surveying, New Zealand. Prize awarded annually by University council for the highest standard of Achievement in Spatial Information Studies in University of Otago. 1994 Certificate for best results in General Certificate of Examinations, Advanced Level. Science Education Centre, Male’, Maldives
References
Hamdun Hameed David King, Dr. Member of Parliament Associate Proffessor Male’, Maldives James Cook University Tel: (+960) 3323414 Townsville, QLD,Australia, 4811 [email protected] Tel: (+61) 747 81 4441 ,Fax: (+61) 747 81 5581 Email: [email protected] Simad Saeed, Dr Managing Director, Peter Valentine CDE Consulting Head of School, TESAG Department Male’, Maldives James Cook University Tel: +960 777 7445 Townsville, QLD,Australia, 4811 Email: [email protected] Tel: (+61) 747 81 4441 ,Fax: (+61) 747 81 5581 Email: [email protected]
Ahmed Shaig page 6
Clarification
I, the undersigned, certify that to the best of my knowledge and belief, this CV correctly describes myself, my qualifications and my experience. I understand that any willful misstatement described herein may lead to my disqualification or dismissal, if engaged.
Signature Date: 15 July 2013
Ahmed Shaig page 7
MOHAMED MUAN CURRICULUM VITAE (CV)
______
2. FULL NAME: Mohamed Muan
3. ADDRESS: H.Roshan Lane/Male’ City /Maldives
4. E-MAIL: [email protected]
5. DATE OF BIRTH: 23/06/1992
6. NATIONALITY: Maldivian
______
7. EDUCATION
Bachelor of Engineering - Civil (Honors)
2013-2019
University of Malaya, Malaysia
______
8. EMPLOYMENT RECORD
Date: November 2017 - Present Location Maldives Company CDE Pvt Ltd Position Engineering Consultant Description Responsible for management of engineering team. Design and consultancy services for engineering projects.
Date: July 2017 - September 2017 Location Maldives Company Gedor Consulting; Position Intern Description Perform laboratory tests for concrete, steel and aggregates. Modelling of structure using STAAD Pro. Design of concrete, steel and timber structures as per the British Standard Formulation of design sheets for Euro Code. 1
9. EXPERIENCE – DESIGN AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Date: 2019 Client: MesaRF Pvt Ltd Position: Assistant Project Manager Description: Harbor Re-Engineering at Rahfalhu Huraa Islands 1, 3 and 4
Date: 2019 Client: KASA Holdings Pvt Ltd Position: Project Manager and Assistant Design Engineer Description: Harbor Design at Meeru Island Resort
Date: 2018 Client: Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Position: Project Manager Description: Architectural and Engineering design of Male’ Industrial Village
Date: 2018 Client: Ministry of Housing and Infrastructure Position: Project Manager Description: Architectural and Engineering design of Male’ Industrial Village
Date: 2018 Client: State Trading Organization Plc. Position: Project Manager Description: Operational Survey and Design Consultancy Services for Setting up a Multi-Purpose Warehouse Distribution Center Project.
Date: 2018 Client: MWSC Position: Design Expert Description: Re-Design of Existing Recreation Facility
2 10. MEMBERSHIP OF ASSOCIATIONS AND COMMITTEES:
Member, Board of Engineers Malaysia
Registered Graduate Civil Engineer, Ministry of Housing, Government of the Maldives.
Member, Association of Civil Engineers, Maldives
Member, Institution of Civil Engineers, UK
11. TRAINING, CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS
FIDIC Accredited workshop on FIDIC Contracts, by Mendis Cobain, 2018
Training on Pile Driving Analysis (PDA), ACE, Maldives, 2019
______
12. LANGUAGES
Language Reading Spoken Written
English Excellent Excellent Excellent
Dhivehi Excellent Excellent Excellent
______
13. REFEREES
Dr. Simad Saeed Dr. Ahmed Shaig Mohamed Shareef Managing Director Director, Environmental Director, Civil and Structural Services Engineering CDE Pvt Ltd CDE Pvt Ltd Gedor Consulting 4F Orchidmaage 4F Orchidmaage 6F Sakeenaa Manzil Male’ Male’ Male’ Maldives Maldives Maldives + 960 3312514 + 960 3312514 +960 3318452 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]
3
Curriculum Vitiate
Name: Fathmath Shuhaina National ID#: A-166795 Permanent Address: Ma. Foththeyo Present Address: G. Adhuni aage
Buruzu Magu, Male’, Maldives Date of Birth: 30th April 1988 Blood Group: O+ Cell Phone: +960 7989967 Email: [email protected]
Career objective: To utilize my education and experience and become a progressive person who can take higher responsibilities in the near future.
Educational: University of London Ordinary Level (2005)
-Secondary School Certificate (2005)
-Certificate of Scholastic Achievement (2005) Aminiya School
-EFR & Rescue Diver
Dive Master
Ongoing studies: BSc in Environmental Management at Maldives National University
Employment History: Baros Maldives - Guest service agent (2009 till 2011) Baros Maldives - Marine Center Supervisor (2011 till January 2017)
Main Responsibilities: · Ensure Marine Center operations run smoothly. · Conduct Coral gardening workshop, Night snorkeling, House reef tour, Snorkeling Safari. · Conduct Nature walk . If necessary give short presentation about Marine life.
Skills: Computer software -MS Word, MS Excel, MS Power point & Coral Draw -Familiar with Maestro System & Opera. -Level of Fluency Intermediate. Amateur Underwater photographer
Referees:
Elisa Fini Resident Marine biologist (Baros Maldives) 6654415
Verena Wiesbauer Marine Biologist, Zoologist, EIA Consultant [email protected]
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
APPENDIX I – Stakeholder participants list
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 132
Maradhoo-Feydhoo Harbour EIA - Stakeholder Consultation Participation List
Method: Door-to-door consultations
Date: 03rd August 2019 – 06th August 2019
Stakeholder Name Address Contact Occupation Hassan Shiyam Cinemaage 7485832 Speedboat Owner Hussain Umar Greenlight - Fisherman Moosa Fikry Hissaa 7918644 Trader Hassan Moosa Dhilaasage 9699255 Construction worker Adhil Mohamed Geramaage 9999028 Government employee Abdullah Rashid Aramge 7779387 Trader Hassan Didi Kihbigasdhoshuge - Fisherman, Construction worker Aqeel Mohamed Geramaage 9621220 Trader Ahmed Siraj Merryvilla 7714414 Workshop Mohamed Mushahir Bonsai 7722201 Fisherman Hussain Moosa Dhilaasage - Fisherman Hussain Rasheed Naadleege - Taxi driver Latheef Sweet Hart 7901380 Fisherman Abdullah Ali Aahiyaa - Fisherman Mumthaaz Ali Aafehi 7938477 Fisherman Aminath Fahumee Aafehi - Boat owner Ibrahim Ijlaal Shaahil 9776869 Fisherman Ali Nizar Haaneru 7791295 Government employee Moosa Naseem Handhuvareege - Trader Aminath Faiza Nikagasdhoshuge - Housewife Abdulla Azzaam Merry Villa 9934800 Lawyer Ibrahim Shafeeq - - Fisherman
EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City
APPENDIX J – Proponents Declaration and Commitment Letter
Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 133 r-1.11~;---: #~ 'l ·
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Male', Republic of Maldives t. D -1- I! t.. ~ 'C-"./~.J'~ '?.?
PIDS2-471/203/2019/66
0/ / 0 ~0 0//C. /OC. c oc.c. "' oc.xo o ..... o.,...,.,..,..,oc. '.r.?-<~r .?/-"'"'A ?-"'rc ..- c.c.;,.o.,. >...-o,.~ ..... o>c. •.J'.?.J'.r'.r'_? U. :I ~» D ,. C. ;J C. C. >,. / »U»/ _., :.Jo.s ""-<'-"'~.? J.?r./ ..-<.,rr.,. ?././'-"'.? .__. X 0 < ~ ..... ~/ 0/ .? _/.V JA•t.•_/. 1 3 .J'A,/.J'.r'.r'./' ~ ~ ~ , c. c. c. .... > , c. -::;. •.J'.?.Jo./.r./ VA AAE--- ~ .... ~ ..... c. c. c. (. 0 > 0 (. > > ,,.,. 0 ~ 0 •.J'.?_?A /".J'A..;- OC.(. O; OC.XO 0;0/0;//0(. __..r'cA ./",..,._, Vf:?_,.<./. _;l'f:?.r'.?.r'..;- c. 0~ (. c.* cA..-<./.J>.r, , '?.? Ameenee Magu, Maafannu, Male', 20392, Republic of Maldives.--- c.<:'" > 0 ... ~ '7..7 •rrJ.; 'J.?~:..., ® +(960) 300 4 300 (f.'? +(960) 300 4 301 d2fj secreta [email protected] .... Q;' 0 0 .,. 0 0 0 0 ' 0 U.. 0 0,.; ,.; U. OX 0 D JC~V,..,C ~,..-_,cj.r'~ ~,/"A .S./"./"_7_.( /./"~,/" _,lA J Date: 20 August 2019 No: PIDS2-4 71/203/2019/67 Mr. Ibrahim Naeem Director General Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of Environment and Energy, Green Building, Male', Maldives. RE: PROPONENT DECLARATION AND COMMITMENT FOR EIA FOR S. MARADHOO FEYDHOO Dear Sir, As the proponent of the proposed project we guarantee that we have read the report and to the best of our knowledge, all information relevant to this project in terms of project description, project construction works and operational aspects provided here are accurate and complete. As the Proponent of the project; we assure you our commitment to undertake the proposed mitigation measures and monitoring programme given in the report. Thanking you Sincerely, Mohamed Jinaan Saeed, Civil Engineer Ameenee Magu, Maafannu, Male', 20392, Republic of Maldives. 0!) +(960) 300 4 300 ~) +(9bU) 5UU 4 5Ul .-{}}; secretariat@ pia nning.gov.mv EIA for the proposed Harbour Redevelopment Project at Maradhoo-Feydhoo Island, Addu City APPENDIX K – Acknowledgement of receipt by Addu City Council Prepared by: CDE Consulting Page| 134