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The Long Arm of the Bribery
8 The Lawyer | 30 July 2012 Opinion On 5 July the Competition Appeal can be awarded where compensatory Holdvery Tribunal (CAT) handed down its damages alone would be insufficient judgment in the Cardiff Bus case, to punish the defendant for ‘outra- awarding damages in a ‘follow-on’ geous conduct’ including, as in this tightplease, claim for the first time. This is also case, when the defendant was or the first case in which exemplary should have been aware that its con- claimants damages for a breach of competition duct was probably illegal. law have been awarded. The CAT also stated that when ex- Award of exemplary In January 2011, 2 Travel brought a emplary damages are considered claim against Cardiff Bus following a they should have some bearing to the Y damages in Cardiff 2008 decision of the Office of Fair M compensatory damages awarded – in A L Bus case raises the Trading (OFT) which found that, by A this case, awarding exemplary dam- engaging in predatory conduct, Wheels of justice go round and round ages about twice the size of the com- stakes for claimants in Cardiff Bus had infringed the Com- pensatory award – and that they damages actions petition Act by abusing a dominant awarded damages for loss of profits should have regard to the economic position in the market. In particular, (of £33,818.79 plus interest) and also size of the defendant to be “of an when 2 Travel launched a no-frills exemplary damages of £60,000. order of magnitude sufficient to bus service, Cardiff Bus introduced Notwithstanding the low value of make the defendant take notice”. -
GENERAL AGREEMENT on ^ TARIFFS and TRADE *> *****1958
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON ^ TARIFFS AND TRADE *> *****1958 Limited Distribution APPLICATION OF THE GENERAL AGREEMENT Territories to which the Agreement is applied Annexed hereto is a list of the contracting parties and of the territories (according to information available to the secretariat) in respect of which the application of the Agreement has been made effective. This list is a revision of that which appeared in document G/5 under date of 17 March 1952. If there are any inaccuracies in this list, the contracting parties concerned are requested to notify the Executive Secretary not later than 1 October 1958 so that a revised list can be issued, if necessary, before the opening of the Thirteenth Session* L/843 Paee 2 Contracting parties to GATT and territories In respeot ot which the application of the Agreement has been made affective AUSTRALIA (Including Tasmania) AUSTRIA BELGIUM BELGIAN CONGO RUANDA-URUNDI (Trust Territory) BRAZIL (Including islands: Fernando de Noronha (including Rocks of Sao Pedro, Sao Paolo, Atoll das Rocas) Trinidad and Martim Vas) BURMA CANADA CEYLON CHILE (Including the islands of: Juan Fernandez group, Easter Islands, Sala y Gomez, San Feliz, San Ambrosio and western part of Tierra del Fuego) CUBA (Including Isle of Pines and some smaller islands) CZECHOSLOVAKIA DENMARK (Including Greenland and the Island of Disko, Faroe Islands, Islands of Zeeland, Funen, Holland, Falster, Bornholm and some 1700 small islands) DOMINICAN REPUBLIC (Including islands: Saona, Catalina, Beata and some smaller ones) FINLAND FRANCE (Including Corsica and Islands off the French Coast, the Saar and the principality of Monaco)! ALGERIA CAMEROONS (Trust Territory) FRENCH EQUATORIAL AFRICA FRENCH GUIANA (Including islands of St. -
Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List
Table 1 Comprehensive International Points List FCC ITU-T Country Region Dialing FIPS Comments, including other 1 Code Plan Code names commonly used Abu Dhabi 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aden 5 967 YE include with Yemen Admiralty Islands 7 675 PP include with Papua New Guinea (Bismarck Arch'p'go.) Afars and Assas 1 253 DJ Report as 'Djibouti' Afghanistan 2 93 AF Ajman 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area 9 44 AX include with United Kingdom Al Fujayrah 5 971 TC include with United Arab Emirates Aland 9 358 FI Report as 'Finland' Albania 4 355 AL Alderney 9 44 GK Guernsey (Channel Islands) Algeria 1 213 AG Almahrah 5 967 YE include with Yemen Andaman Islands 2 91 IN include with India Andorra 9 376 AN Anegada Islands 3 1 VI include with Virgin Islands, British Angola 1 244 AO Anguilla 3 1 AV Dependent territory of United Kingdom Antarctica 10 672 AY Includes Scott & Casey U.S. bases Antigua 3 1 AC Report as 'Antigua and Barbuda' Antigua and Barbuda 3 1 AC Antipodes Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Argentina 8 54 AR Armenia 4 374 AM Aruba 3 297 AA Part of the Netherlands realm Ascension Island 1 247 SH Ashmore and Cartier Islands 7 61 AT include with Australia Atafu Atoll 7 690 TL include with New Zealand (Tokelau) Auckland Islands 7 64 NZ include with New Zealand Australia 7 61 AS Australian External Territories 7 672 AS include with Australia Austria 9 43 AU Azerbaijan 4 994 AJ Azores 9 351 PO include with Portugal Bahamas, The 3 1 BF Bahrain 5 973 BA Balearic Islands 9 34 SP include -
Migrated Archives): Ceylon
Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Ceylon Following earlier settlements by the Dutch and Despatches and registers of despatches sent to, and received from, the Colonial Portuguese, the British colony of Ceylon was Secretary established in 1802 but it was not until the annexation of the Kingdom of Kandy in 1815 that FCO 141/2180-2186, 2192-2245, 2248-2249, 2260, 2264-2273: the entire island came under British control. In Open, confidential and secret despatches covering a variety of topics including the acts and ordinances, 1948, Ceylon became a self-governing state and a the economy, agriculture and produce, lands and buildings, imports and exports, civil aviation, railways, member of the British Commonwealth, and in 1972 banks and prisons. Despatches regarding civil servants include memorials, pensions, recruitment, dismissals it became the independent republic under the name and suggestions for New Year’s honours. 1872-1948, with gaps. The years 1897-1903 and 1906 have been of Sri Lanka. release in previous tranches. Below is a selection of files grouped according to Telegrams and registers of telegrams sent to and received from the Colonial Secretary theme to assist research. This list should be used in conjunction with the full catalogue list as not all are FCO 141/2187-2191, 2246-2247, 2250-2263, 2274-2275 : included here. The files cover the period between Open, confidential and secret telegrams on topics such as imports and exports, defence costs and 1872 and 1948 and include a substantial number of regulations, taxation and the economy, the armed forces, railways, prisons and civil servants 1899-1948. -
GENERAL AGREEMENT on Ïl^If^N TARIFFS and TRADE Limited Distribution
RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON ïl^if^n TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution Ori ginal: English GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES Notification by Norway Addendum The following communication has been received from the delegation of Norway. I have the honour to notify you that my Government has decided to include the following countries in the list of beneficiaries under Norway's Generalized System of Preferences, with effect from 1 May 1977: Angola, Cape Verde, Mozambique, and Sao Tome and Principe. An up-dated list of beneficiaries under the Norwegian System of Preferences is attached. LA2l*2/Add.7 Page 2 GSP Scheme of Norway List of Beneficiary Countries or Territories Note; An asterisk denotes the twenty-eight least developed countries which are accorded full duty-free treatment for all products. Afars and Issas Brunei Afghanistan* Burma Algeria Burundi* Angola Cameroon Argentina Cape Verde Australian Islands (including Cayman Islands and Dependencies Heard Island, McDonald Islands and Norfolk Island) Central African Empire* Bahamas Chad* Bahrain Chile Bangladesh* Colombia Barbados Comoros Belize Congo Benin* Corn Islands and Swan Islands Bermuda Costa Rica Bhutan* Cuba Bolivia Cyprus Botswana* Dominican Republic Brazil Ecuador British Antarctic Territory Egypt British Indian Ocean Territory (Aldabra., El Salvador Farquhar, Chagos Archipelago, Desroches) Equatorial Guinea British Pacific Ocean (Gilbert Islands, Ethiopia* Tuvalu, British Solomon Islands, New Hebrides Condominium and 1J1 Pitcairn Islands) Falkland Islands and Dependencies -
Zimbabwe Case Study on Trade Negotiations
Working Paper ZIMBABWE CASE STUDY ON TRADE NEGOTIATIONS Richard Hess October 2001 Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7JD UK 2 ISBN 0085003 565 1 © Overseas Development Institute 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. 3 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 5 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Zimbabwe Background ......................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Zimbabwe’s economic structure 7 Agriculture 7 Manufacturing 7 Mining 7 Transport and Communications 8 The Financial Sector 8 Current situation 9 1.2 Trade strategy 11 1.3 Time series trade and investment data 12 Exports 13 Export products 14 Export markets 15 Imports 16 By product 16 By source 17 Investment 18 1.4 Overview of existing trade agreements 21 World Trade Organization 21 ACP/EU Partnership Agreement 22 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 23 Southern African Development Community (SADC) 24 Zimbabwe/South Africa Bilateral Agreement 25 Zimbabwe’ Bilateral Agreements with Botswana, Malawi and Namibia 27 2. Trade Negotiations in the Last 10 Years -
Board Christopher
International Symposium on “Old Worlds-New Worlds”: The History of Colonial Cartography 1750-1950 Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 21 to 23 August 2006 Working Group on the History of Colonial Cartography in the 19th and 20 th centuries International Cartographic Association (ICA-ACI) The British War Office 1:250,000 mapping of Cape Colony 1906-1914 Dr Christopher Board formerly Senior Lecturer, London School of Economics [email protected] Abstract After the second Anglo-Boer War when the two coastal colonies were joined by two new ones previously Boer republics the British were keen to remap the entire territory of South Africa. Despite plans drawn up in 1903 only three projects were begun. There are a few references to similar mapping of the Southern Transvaal and a preliminary paper on the Cape Colony Reconnaissance series by Board. The latter series at 1:250,000 covered the north-west region of the Colony, 35 sheets were surveyed and/or compiled but only 33 were published. The Royal Engineer Survey teams responsible for mapping the Cape Colony were withdrawn in November 1911 leaving most of the rest of the Colony to rely on poor maps of varying accuracy and quality dating to the recent war or before it. This paper not only charts the progress of mapping the series known as GSGS1764 from analysing published maps, but draws on collections in London and Cambridge which contain unpublished compilation material and the elusive model sheet for the series. Its discovery and description throw light on the War Office’s requirements for mapping in the dying days of an era of colonial mapping. -
3. Invites the Administering Power to Take The
8 General Assembly-Eighteenth Session 3. Invites the administering Power to take the nec United Nations programmes of technical co-operation essary measures for the transfer of powers, not later and the specialited agencies. than 6 July 1964, to the people of Nyasaland, in accord 1277 th plenary meeting, ance with their will and desire ; 11 December 1963. 4. Congratulates the Governments of Nyasaland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern 1955 (XVIII). Question of British Guiana · Ireland on the steps taken towards the achievement of the aims set out in the Declaration on the granting of The General Assembly. independence to colonial countries and peoples. Recalling its resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1%0. 1654 (;~VI) of 27 November 1961 and 1810 1277th plenary meeting, ( XVII) of 17 December 1962, 11 December 1963. Having c_onsidercd the part of the report of the Spe cial Committee on the Situation with regard to the 1954 (XVIII). Question of Basutoland, Bechuana Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of land and Swaziland I mlependence to Colo!iial Countries and Peoples relating 15 The General Assembly, to British Guiana, Recalling its resolution 1817 (XVII) of 18 December N otinq with drep reqret that the Government of the 1%2 regarding the Territories of Basutoland, Bechuana United Kingdom of Great B,itain and Northern Ireland land and Swaziland, which was adopted in accordance has not permitted the visit to British Guiana of the with the terms of its resolutions 1514 (XV) of 14 De c;ub-Committee established on the suggestion of both the cemher 1%0, 1654 (XVI) of 27 November 1%1 and Go".e_rnment of British Guiana and the principal op 1810 (XVII) of 17 December 1962, posi_tion party with a view to seeking, together with the mterrstrd parties. -
View a List of Commonwealth Visits Since 1952
COMMONWEALTH VISITS SINCE 1952 Kenya (visiting Sagana Lodge, Kiganjo, where The 6 February 1952 Queen learned of her Accession) 24-25 November 1953 Bermuda 25-27 November 1953 Jamaica 17-19 December 1953 Fiji 19-20 December 1953 Tonga 23 December 1953 - 30 January 1954 New Zealand Australia (New South Wales (NSW), Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, 3 February - 1 April 1954 Queensland, Western Australia) 5 April 1954 Cocos Islands 10-21 April 1954 Ceylon 27 April 1954 Aden 28-30 April 1954 Uganda 3-7 May 1954 Malta 10 May 1954 Gibraltar 28 January - 16 February 1956 Nigeria 12-16 October 1957 Canada (Ontario) Canada (opening of St. Lawrence Seaway, Newfoundland, Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, Northwest Territories, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Prince 18 June - 1 August 1959 Edward Island, Nova Scotia) 21 January - 1 February 1961 India 1-16 February 1961 Pakistan 16-26 February 1961 India 1-2 March 1961 India 9-20 November 1961 Ghana 25 November - 1 December 1961 Sierra Leone 3-5 December 1961 Gambia Canada (refuelling in Edmonton and overnight stop in 30 January - 1 February 1963 Vancouver) 2-3 February 1963 Fiji 6-18 February 1963 New Zealand Australia (ACT, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, NSW, Queensland, Northern Territory, Western 18 February - 27 March 1963 Australia) 5-13 October 1964 Canada (Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ottawa) 1 February 1966 Canada (refuelling in Newfoundland) 1 February 1966 Barbados 4-5 February 1966 British Guiana 7-9 February 1966 Trinidad 10 February 1966 Tobago 11 February 1966 Grenada 13 February 1966 St. -
Old School in the New Hebrides: the Vanuatu Experience
Old school in the New Hebrides: the Vanuatu experience Resource limitations don’t Due to geographical and linguistic a good idea. The current Vila Central separation, the islands display an Hospital comprises several single- slow the medical staff – or amazing diversity of culture. Residents storey buildings with separate wings for the babies – at Vila Central speak more than 100 distinct languages medical, surgical, obstetric and paediatric Hospital. and there are many dialects. The offi cial patients. The hospital is in a particularly In August 2012, I travelled to Vanuatu languages are French, English and poor area with many slum dwellings for a week with funding provided by the Bislama (or Vanuatu pidgin English). nearby. There are always groups of people ANZCA Overseas Aid Trainee scholarship Most hospital staff spoke English, but for milling around and kids kick a football on under the supervision of Dr Matthew many patients Bislama was the common the open grassed area near the entrance. Howes, a staff specialist from the Mater tongue. It was interesting to discover Immediately it is evident that this is Mothers’ Hospital in Brisbane. that the term “anaesthetist” is not only a like no hospital I have worked in before. We were based at the Vila Central mouthful in English but also in Bislama. The two operating theatres are old and Hospital in Port Vila, the capital city While the surgeon is known as the patched up. Everything from the beds, on the island of Efate, providing relief “katem man” (the cutting man), there are lights, diathermy, drapes and gowns anaesthetic services during the Pacifi c several variations for “anaesthetist”. -
Spiders from Some Pacific Islands
Spiders from some Pacific Islands B. J. MARPLES l KNOWLEDGE OF THE SPIDERS of the Pacific Rarotonga. It consists of several islets scat is largely the result of the work of Berland tered around the reef, with an area of 2 square (1934, et. seqq.). He has published a number miles which is said to be decreasing. I am of papers dealing with the spiders of the New indebted to Dr. G. N. Davies for a collection Caledonian and New Hebridean region; of of eight species, none having been recorded Samoa; and of the Marquesas, Society, and previously. They are all species known from Austral groups, and other islands in the south Samoa. eastern Pacific. Recently I have completed a Rarotonga is one of the Cook Islands, lying study of the spiders of Western Samoa (not some 850 miles east of the Tonga group. It yet published) based on two summers' col is a high volcanic island, rising to about 3,000 lecting. It adds considerably to the list of feet, and has an area of some 26 square miles. species already known, bringing it to a total Berland records five species from there. I am of 123 and includes several families not pre indebted to Dr. G. H. Satchell for the present viously known to have representatives in the collecrion of nine species, which raises the Pacific region. It is clear that much intensive total to 13. One seems to be new and is collecting is needed before more than tenta described here and tentatively placed in a new tive conclusions can be drawn regarding the genus. -
SHORT REPORT Pacific Islands Which Escaped the 1918–1919
Epidemiol. Infect. (2013), 141, 353–356. f Cambridge University Press 2012 doi:10.1017/S0950268812000866 SHORT REPORT Pacific islands which escaped the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic and their subsequent mortality experiences 1,2 3 G. D. SHANKS * AND J.F. BRUNDAGE 1 Australian Army Malaria Institute, Enoggera, QLD Australia 2 Department of Zoology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK 3 Armed Forces Health Surveillance Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA Received 30 January 2012; Final revision 2 April 2012; Accepted 11 April 2012; first published online 8 May 2012 SUMMARY Very few Pacific islands escaped the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic. Subsequent influenza epidemics in the established colonial outposts of American Samoa and New Caledonia infected many but killed very few persons whereas the extraordinarily isolated Niue, Rotuma, Jaliut and Yule islands experienced high mortality influenza epidemics (>3% of population) following 1918. These dichotomous outcomes indicate that previous influenza exposure and degree of epidemiological isolation were important mortality risk factors during influenza epidemics on Pacific islands. Key words: Mortality, Pacific islands, pandemic influenza, 1918. The influenza pandemic of 1918–1919 rapidly well as the Gilbert and Ellice Islands in the Southwest spread throughout the world. On a few Pacific Pacific Ocean [3]. islands, quarantine procedures effectively protected Because island quarantines are not sustainable the islands’ residents from pandemic-related in- indefinitely, influenza viruses eventually affected the fluenza when strict administrative measures were islands that had escaped the pandemic in 1918–1919. implemented by forewarned governing authorities. The extremely high overall mortality that was as- Beginning in October 1918, Australia stopped ship- sociated with the 1918–1919 pandemic, and the rela- ping from its ports to surrounding islands including tively high mortality in young adults (W-shaped New Guinea and New Caledonia [1].