Paratrooper training guide

Continue During World War II, American paratroopers fought from Port Moresby, New Guinea to North Africa. They were trained to fight in any part of the world in any conditions, in any climate, or in any terrain. Whether it's a desert environment or snow-capped mountains, paratroopers can fight anywhere. Training to be an airborne soldier was difficult, but so was the job. What distinguishes airborne soldiers from each other was their ability to jump into battle. The paratroopers are not ordinary soldiers. Their battlefields are behind enemy lines. They fall silently from the sky. They are messengers of death and destruction. Easily armed, unsupported by tanks and heavy artillery, they fight time after time against insurmountable odds and win. Some of the best World War II Aircraft Nose art here's how a paratrooper's fight is done. A volunteer candidate learns to jump from the stands six feet in the air, fall and fall. Trainasium is a 60-foot high rate air attack. It looks like a jungle gym on steroids built for the Giants. Its unique design checks the readiness of the recruit to jump out of the plane. If a candidate is afraid of heights or jumps out of an airplane, the train puts them face to face with their fears. Running, crawling and jumping at altitude, it simulates the exit phase of the parachute jump. A 60-foot beam walking in the air was a passage or a failed event. It is a process that builds bodies and spirits. Training gets tougher as the weeks go by. Survivors jump from 34-foot towers, simulating jumping from an airplane. The candidate was tied to a harness and quickly slid to the ground from the tower. This gave the candidate a sense of movement in the air. Impossible Missions: Devil's Brigade - World War II First Special Service Part 1 - Int Wind Generator was used so students could learn how to handle a parachute on the ground after they landed. The student was then thrown from the 200-foot tower in a parachute chair. This gives him an idea of height and form. It gives him the feeling of going down fast. Now it's getting closer to the real thing. Cable lifted the candidate to the top of the tower. He learned to feel what it's like when the parachute opens. Then the student learned his parachute inside and 24 hours. He learned how to pack it in a warehouse. Each part is in its place for compactness and order. Each cord is checked in a position. He'll give his parachute all his attention. He hung his life with a parachute. Using a dummy mock-up of the plane, the student learned to prepare his jumps. He returned to the tower, this time jumping with a parachute, already inflated. The student is ready now and equipped. He was wearing an old football helmet to protect his head and high boots to break the landing shock. The student was up for a final inspection before he loaded the plane. The plane was ready, as were the men. Flying under it the goal he must find. Stand up! is the order of the master of jumping. A second later the master of the jump shouts: Hook static lines! Impossible Missions: Devil's Brigade - First Special Service of World War II Part 2 - Training and Men Men Help Each Other at Last Minute Check. The men are waiting for orders. The order comes: Jump! Eighteen people get off the plane in ten seconds. Their first jump is over as soon as it starts. The student drifts towards the target. He worked the lines of his parachutes to guide him to his targets. After landing, a few seconds later, he was ready for action with his rifle and demolition kits. Fort Benning Trooper preparing official photos taken by R.L. Throckmorton paratrooper must be a master of many arts. The paratrooper fights not only in Europe, not only in the deserts of North Africa, or in the jungles of the Pacific Ocean, but everywhere. Airborne soldiers are taught to survive everywhere and everywhere. The paratroopers in World War II were a combination of brave fighters, taught to survive overwhelming odds and ready to parachute into the enemy's rear. During World War II, paratropes were the product of new preparation for a new kind of war. Their graduation ceremony was to jump into Europe and the Pacific to fight against tyranny and fascism and win. And they did win. About the author: Ote has a bachelor's degree in history from Oregon State University and MMA in Military History at American State University. He served three times in Iraq and Afghanistan as a company commander and an Afghan National Army personnel instructor. He was injured once and awarded three times. Oto is an infantry lieutenant colonel in the Army Reserve. U.S. Army Airborne Command Patch used during World War II This article is structured as follows: Part 01: Background for P Company.Part 02: Entry of Standards and Applications for P Company.Part 03: Preparation for P Company.Part 04: Sketch of all Pre-Selection Parachute Weapons (AAPPS) of course. Part 05: Basic Parachute Course.Part 06: Training zones and units.Part 07: Different. The video version is here. PART ONE: BACKGROUND Respectfully known as Rote Teufel - Red Devils - their enemies in World War II, the personnel of the Parachute Regiment of the British Army Para form a respected military organization. The pair are an airborne infantry element of the British Army and one of the most complex selection processes in the army. The pair are considered an elite unit for two reasons: because of their strict selection and strict training programme; and the requirement of their role to act with minimal support or in the absence of support behind enemy lines and against numerically superior forces. The pair drop by parachute into battle, and although they are lightly armed, they are incredibly experienced. They will move to quickly overcome resist their targets and hold on until release. Although British troops did not enter the operation after the Suez Crisis in 1956, in January 2013 200 French paratroopers used this method of introduction to help regain control of Timbuktu airport during the conflict in Mali. British troops continue to be ready for a similar task by conducting airborne exercises, such as the 10-week Askari Storm exercise conducted in 2013 by troops of the 3rd Para Battle Group (Clapson, 2013). The pair, with one exception (section 1.7), provide pre-selection training for all British servicemen through Pegasus; commonly known as the P Company (a term used throughout this article to avoid confusion). P Company is known to be a grueling course that is both physically and mentally demanding and includes a high level assault course, a gruelling race magazine and a brutal form of boxing called milling. P is based at the Infantry Training Centre in Catterick, North Yorkshire, and is open to all regular and reserve officers, both officers and other ranks, who seek to serve in the Airborne Forces. Only after passing the P Company, people will be rewarded with the coveted burgundy beret and become part of the airborne fraternity. However, people must subsequently attend the Main Parachute Course to earn their wings. During 2013, PPS preparation packages were redesigned to give applicants the best chance of success (Osborne, 2014). For most airborne contenders there will now be two different stages to become airborne soldiers (Osborne, 2014), with the first stage divided into three blocks: Stage 1: Block 1: Strength, Conditioning and Familiarity Course (2.5 weeks). Block 2: Physical and Mental Development Course (2.5 weeks). Block 3: P Company Course (Preliminary Parachute Selection) (3.5 weeks). Stage 2: Basic parachute course (2 to 3 weeks). This article is divided into seven sections to facilitate reading, starting with Section 1, which provides a brief history of airborne troops, the purpose of the P company and the floor. The second part looks at the standards and applications for entry before moving to Section 3, which provides an overview of the latest iteration of the training packages available to aerial applicants. Section 4 contains a course sketch proper (information most people post) that looks at the various tests that need to be successfully completed during as well as at the end of the course. Section 5 presents a master parachute course plan that is required for wearing the distinctive Para wings. The penultimate section examines the training and units that are encountered during the P company and finally section seven provides useful information about P and useful links to relevant websites. The video version can be found here. 1.1 A Brief History The pair's beret was first spotted by German troops in North Africa and within months they had dubbed the ferocious couple as Rote Teufel or the Red Devils. This distinctive head dress was officially presented in 1942 at the direction of General Browning, and the Pegasus symbol (section 1.2) became the emblem of the British Airborne Troops. Since then the burgundy beret has been adopted by parachutes around the world. In June 1940, when Great Britain faced invasion, Winston Churchill called for the creation of a number of special units to pursue the enemy. As part of the call, Churchill expressed the wish that the corps, which consists of at least 5,000 parachute troops, should be properly organized and equipped. It is from this date that British airborne troops begin their history. Despite the lack of experience and equipment, a small group of resourceful men immediately began to create this new force. As a result, a parachute school and central boarding school were set up at Ringway Airport, near Manchester. Commando No.2 personnel were selected for training, and the first jumps were made on July 13, 1940. In September, the first Hotspur gliders were ordered. By the end of 1940, No. 2 Commando, now 500 strong with a parachute and a gliding wing, was renamed the 11th Special Aviation Battalion. In February 1941, just nine months after its formation, the first airborne operation took place when 38 people parachuted into southern Italy to destroy Tragino-Aquaduk. After these preliminary tests, 1941 was a year of development and expansion. The 1st Parachute Brigade was formed in September, and shortly thereafter the infantry brigade became the 1st Air Brigade, with four air battalions and auxiliary weapons and services, began training with the gliders, which are now leaving the production line. The 50th Indian Parachute Brigade was formed in India. Major General Frederick Browning was appointed commander of paratroopers and airborne troops. The 1st Airborne Division was formed from its small headquarters in November. In December, a glider pilot regiment was established for glider flights, as part of the Army Air Corps: first Hotspurs and Wakos, then Khorsas and Hamilkar. The officer and sergeant-pilots, all trained soldiers, fought a lot of gallant action along with the airborne troops they landed. Later, in August 1942, all parachute battalions became battalions of the Parachute Regiment in this new corps. In February 1942, the 2nd Parachute Battalion C Company, led by Major John Frost, carried out a very successful parachute raid to capture a vital part of a German radar installation in Bruneva in northern France. During the year, based on two the 1st Airborne Division was established. Newly formed 2nd Parachute Brigade, as well as a full range of support weapons and services trained by trained Or a glider. No 38 THE RAF Group was established to provide transport and close cooperation with the unit. In total, the pair took part in six major amphibious assault operations in North Africa, Italy, Greece, France, the Netherlands and Germany, often sticking out ahead of all other troops. The pair will eventually consist of 17 battalions with a majority comprising the 1st Airborne Division, the 6th Airborne Division and the 2nd Independent Parachute Brigade in Europe. Three battalions served in the British Indian Army in India and Burma. At the end of World War II, the parachute regiment was reduced to three battalions of the regular army, first to the 16th Parachute Brigade and then to the 5th Airborne Brigade. The Reserve 16th Airborne Division was formed using reserve battalions of the regiment in the then Territorial Army (now the Army Reserve). Defence reductions gradually reduced the reserve formations to the parachute brigade and then to a single reserve battalion. In the 1960s, Major General Glyn Gilbert was instrumental in ensuring the survival of the Parachute Regiment and in advancing the doctrine of airborne warfare. He also established a red devil parachute team and established a platoon sergeant training course, which was later distributed throughout the British Army. Currently (September 2014) the Parachute Regiment consists of: 1st Battalion (regular army): forms the core of the Special Forces Support Group and is based in MoD St. Athan, south Wales; 2nd Battalion (regular army): Paratroopers 16 Air Assault Brigade based in Colchester Garrison; 3rd Battalion (regular army): 2nd Battalion; and the 4th Battalion (Army Reserve): headquartered in Pudsy, West Yorkshire, with companies in Glasgow, Liverpool and London. 1.2 Airborne Troops Emblem emblem - Bellerophon, mounted on the winged horse Pegasus. The first recorded copy of the airborne warrior, his exploits are told in Greek mythology, where he is mostly known for killing the fire-breathing monster Chimera. Mounted on Pegasus, with a spear in his hand, Bellerophon flew into the air, swooped on the monster and destroyed it. The emblem was chosen for the British Airborne Troops by the late Lieutenant General Sir Frederick (Boy) Browning GCVO, KBE, CB, DSO, DL when he was appointed to the Airborne Troops in 1941. The emblem was designed in May 1942 by Major Edward Seago to carry all airborne troops. British Commandos (US Army, 1942) 1.3 P's goal is to test fitness, determination and mental reliability, under stress, in order to determine whether a person has the self-discipline and motivation necessary to serve in airborne troops. 1.4 Company women and P in line with the Government's current policy on women's employment British military, infantry service (i.e. Parachute Regiment) is only open to male volunteers. However, appointments exist for women in the army units who support the 16th Air Assault Brigade and as such women can apply for the P company. On Monday 18 April 2005 bbc News (2005a) reported that 5ft 3in, 23-year-old Lieutenant Jenny Ruk, commander of troops with the 13th Air Assault Regiment of the Royal Logistics Corps, was about to try the P company and potentially become the first woman to earn the coveted burgundy beret. Unfortunately, on Friday 22 April 2005 BBC News (2005b) reported that the lieutenant's hands were withdrawn from the P company due to injury, having suffered a stress fracture of his right leg on the fifth day of the course and therefore unable to continue; although the BBC headlined the story as a broken leg ends the woman's Para claim. The news of Lt Hands' attempt and subsequent exit from P caused some lively (and often poisonous) discussions at the ARRSE forum (2005). On March 9, 2014, the Daily Mail (Chandler, 2014) reported that female soldiers had the green light to try themselves in an elite parachute regiment, which somewhat distorts what the deputy commander of the 16th Air Assault Brigade, Colonel Andrew Jackson, quotes in the article. At the same time, Corporal Beth Boyden (from the Royal Army Medical Corps), writing in Soldier (British Army Journal) (2014, p.63), stated: I am very concerned that there are no female soldiers wearing parachute wings. I've been given many excuses as to why girls can't pass the P Company test, from their hips not designed for parachuting to supposedly instructors, simply by refusing to let female candidates succeed. Colonel Jackson (2014, p.63) also responded by confirming that there were no bars for women trying P Company and indeed, some of them have done so in the past. On 8 July 2016, the Ministry of Defence announced that all ground combat roles (RAC, Infantry, Royal Marines and Air Force Regiment) would be open to women by 2018 (British Army, 2016). In February 2020, British Army officer Captain Rosie Wild (above), 28, became the first woman to successfully dislocate from the P Company (Bill, 2020) - the first since they were first able to apply in the 1990s. It will serve in the 7th Parachute Regiment of the Royal Mounted Artillery, which is attached to the 16th Air Assault Brigade, the Army's Rapid Response Force. Captain Wilde, who is also a competitive swimmer, joined the Army in 2017 and was presented with the sword of honour at the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, awarded the best cadet admission. 1.5 P Company Training Ethos Elite Forces, like the Royal Marines and Parachute Regiment, are characterized by the determination of the group to carry out the mission as a group. That's in contrast Special Special that are characterized by the determination of each person to carry out the mission, even if it is the last. There is an assumption that the staff who volunteer for the P company will become, or develop into, very good team players. And while there is an element of individual work required the emphasis is on team cohesion and teamwork. Stronger team members are expected to help weaker team members through knowledge development, encouragement and camaraderie; though only to a point. If a person is unable to cope with the stress (physical and mental) course, after recovery work and the period to demonstrate improvement, the person will be subject to the RTU (returned to unit) procedure. Airborne training is designed to test personal and team motivation to the point where actual operations present challenges that candidates can overcome. The argument is that there is no point in suffering doubts in 0300 hours, in the silence of a tactical operation, after a helicopter or transport plane has landed you in or around enemy lines. Candidates require: a good level of endurance (preferably built over a period of time) ;D definition (mental resilience to keep going despite the cold and fatigue); Excellent administrator (personal management on the ground and in barracks); andA sense of humor is the key to P company. Candidates don't have to be superman; they just need higher to take the course. Like most training courses in the UK military, P Company has a policy of training in rather than a pick. 1.6 Field Marshal Viscount Montgomery's Parachute Regiment Charter (ParaData, 2014): What kind of men wear maroon red berets? They are, first, all volunteers and then tightened up by tight physical fitness. As a result, they have that infectious optimism and the offensive moat that comes from physical well-being. They jumped from the air and thus conquered the fear. Their duty lies in the van battle: they are proud of this honor and have never failed in any task. They have the highest standards in all things, whether it's skill in combat or mind in fulfilling all the duties of peacetime. They showed themselves to be as tenacious and decisive in defence as they were courageous in attack. They are, in fact, people apart - every man is an emperor. 1.7 No 2 Squadron, RAF Regiment members No 2 Squadron are required to complete the Difficult RAF Pre-Parachute Selection (RAFPPS) course in order to attend a military parachute course at RAF Brize Norton. It should be noted that the RAFPPS course is not the same as the PPS courses supplied by the Parachute Regiment. The RAF course was originally designed to prepare and select a course before staff attending the P company. However, apparently the standard set was so that the RAF has waived the requirement to visit the P company. I understand that RAF personnel (except No 2 Squadron) can still attend the P company. PART TWO: ENTRY STANDARDS AND APPLICATIONS P Company is the only recognised route for regular and reserve UK servicemen to become airborne soldiers. P Company is open to male and female officers and other ranks in the UK, with the exception of the No 2 Squadron RAF Regiment, which conducts the RAF Pre-Parachute Choice Course. Although the vast majority of P seats are allocated to personnel who will serve in the Airborne Troops, some vacancies are allocated to individuals who will never directly serve in the airborne troops. Company P provides the following courses (more in Part 4 below): All Weapons Pre-Choice Parachute; Recruitment testing week; Army Reserve Preliminary Parachute Selection; Army Reserve Course of Combat Infantry (Para); andexpertise airborne students. 2.1 Trained Soldier Status All officers and other ranks can apply to P Company after they have completed all Phase 2 (employment) training related to their career employment group (CEG or service equivalent). However, not all officers and other ranks will be eligible for follow-up service in airborne units, as jobs in these units are subject to the criteria and requirements of the Occupational Employment Service. And, the personnel who pass the P company do not switch to the Parachute Regiment and the P company does not convert the course (it provides candidates with an additional set of skills that the wider army does not possess). The Passing P Company qualifies only men and women for the army units that support the 16th Air Assault Brigade. The All Arms Pre-Parachute Selection (AAPPS) course is different from the Combat Infantry (Para) (Para) course, which must be taken by the recruits of the Regular Army Parachute Regiment. CIC (Para) receives civilians and converts them into parachute regiment personnel. In contrast, AAPPS accepts fully trained personnel and provides them with the skills they need to become army/navy/air force paratroopers, who are then eligible to work alongside parachute regiment personnel. 2.2 Approval of the Unit Commander (CO) and the Medical Officer must approve the candidate's application. 2.3 Service There is no mandatory requirement for P Company trained personnel to serve in airborne troops. However, he generally acknowledged that, for example, Royal Engineer candidates would serve at least one tour (usually 3 years and immediately after the P company) with the appropriate airborne unit, in this case 9 (parachute) squadron of Royal Engineers. 2.4 All officers and other rank over the age of 18 who have completed their second phase are eligible to apply for P Company. For regular army, Royal Navy, Royal Marines and air force servicemen there is no upper age limit for applying for P company, company, to medical criteria and fitness criteria. In theory, at least staff can apply in the last year of work. In 2003, at the age of 55, Captain Norman Fox became the oldest man to successfully complete the Royal Marines Commando Course (Regimental Gazette, 2003, p.44). Norman previously completed 30 years in the Parachute Regiment. Norman completed a backup version of the course, the Reserve Forces commando course. 2.5 Candidates of the medical standard must have a minimum medical classification under JSP 950 Medical Policy (published April 1, 2011, formerly JSP 346). Applicants should also refer to the relevant DIN published by the Branch of Sponsors (Parachute Regiment). PART THREE: PREPARATION P Company is a selection and training process for airborne applicants who wish to become airborne troops and subsequently serve in the airborne troops. During 2013, PPS preparation packages were redesigned to give applicants the best chance of success (Osborne, 2014). For most airborne contenders there will now be two different stages (Figure 1) to become an airborne soldier (Osborne, 2014), with the first stage divided into three blocks: Stage 1: Block 1: Strength, Conditioning and Dating Course (2.5 weeks). Block 2: Physical and Mental Development Course (2.5 weeks). Block 3: P Company Course (Preliminary Parachute Selection) (3.5 weeks). Stage 2: Basic parachute course (2 to 3 weeks). Most candidates for the P company will be regular members of the British Army, representing cap badges such as: Parachute Regiment (PARA); Royal Engineers Corps (RE); Royal Artillery Regiment (RA); Royal Electrical Engineers and Mechanics (REME); Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC); and the Royal Military Police (RMP). However, sometimes there will also be a small number of authorized foreign staff. Figure 1: Sketch courses of pre-parachute selection 3.1 P Company Briefings and training units of Oral Briefings are provided by training and regimental units that are designed to inform airborne applicants about service in the Airborne Troops. In addition, some Army Airborne Units sponsor individual training courses designed to assist individuals in their personal training, which consists of familiarity, physical (strength and conditioning) development and mental development (Osborne, 2014). It is important that candidates attending P Company are adequately prepared, both mentally and physically. While passing the P Company is the goal of all candidates, how each candidate trains to achieve this goal will be different. Finally, candidates must ensure that they are competent in basic mapping, navigation and handling 3.2 Stage 1, Block 1: Power, Conditioning and Familiarity Strength, Conditioning and and The package (also known as the Group Training Course) comes as a 2.5-week course with the frequency of training expected during the PPS process. This training period is designed to provide airborne applicants with an understanding of life and training with airborne troops and is conducted at the level of a unit led by the Royal Army Physical Training Instructors (RAPTCIs) and all Physical Training Instructors (AA PTIs). 3.3 Stage 1, Block 2: The physical and mental development of the 16th Air Assault Brigade is the main role in providing the Air Assault Task Force (AATF) and as such a rapid reaction force of the British Army. To fulfil this role, the brigade must recruit, recruit and select sufficient numbers and quality personnel to serve in the Airborne Troops. Thus, the brigade is the main supplier for staff attending the AAPPS course and sponsors the Physical and Mental Development Package, which is a 2.5-week course led by 16 Air Assault Brigade and delivered from itit plant Catterick. This 2.5-week course, which takes place just before the PPS course, is based on fitness and endurance levels that prepare for sustained physical fitness. Ring training, running, swimming and a series of busy long-distance marches are performed to assist in the physical development and development of the course and team spirit. As a rule, staff will have to successfully complete this course to be nominated for the All Arms Pre-Parachute Selection course. 3.3.1 Training Day 1 (Tuesday) is a Screening Day consisting of an 8-mile combat fitness test followed by a 1.5-mile run in less than 10 minutes (Sapper, 2014). Day 2 (Wednesday) is the first TAB, otherwise known as the Goodwood Race, includes several laps of Land Nod (four steep hills held at a very fast pace)... With a good little runaway through the woods thrown in for good measure. (Saper, 2014, p.734), ending with a quick closure. Day 3 (Thursday) is the first launch, an introduction to Speedplay, which is a fast six or seven mile long, consisting of a mix of fugitives and hill rep work/pain stations. In the afternoon there is a Battle PT, an introduction to the assault course and some sacrifice carries. Day 4 (Friday) is an active recovery consisting of swimming and stretching classes. Day 5 (Monday) is a Mini Nod, about 10 laps figure eight on a steep hill. Day 6 (Tuesday) is the speed of the game. Day 7 (Wednesday) is an 8-miler with a bit of combat fitness thrown in (Saper, 2014, p734). Day 8 (Thursday) is Fartlek.Day 9 (Friday) is an active recovery consisting of swimming and stretch sessions. Day 10 (Monday) is a 7-mile TAB. Day 11 (Tuesday) is a personal fitness score Training/sprint session. Day 12 (Wednesday) is a 10-mile, final test that is a pass or failure. It's a kind of introduction to the The company is a 10-miler and the final Test of Pre-Para at the same time. 10 miles in 1 hour, 50 minutes. 3.4 Training units that usually supply the above training packages include: 16 air assault brigades (provides centralized courses for all units within the brigade).216 (parachute) Signal Squadron (British Army, 2014).201 Battery 100 Regiment (V) Royal Artillery (Army Reserve Unit): works in support of 7 Para RHA and conducts 'Pre' Pre-Parachute Personnel Selection for Airborne Reserve TroopErs (Gunner, 2013.299 Parachute Squadron of Royal Engineers (Army Reserve Unit) : Requires all airborne applicants to undergo their training course prior to participating in the Army Reserve Pre-Parachute Selection course. This preparatory course is delivered to Aden by troops and lasts for six weekends for twelve weeks. It is run by instructors from the Aden Army and is designed to improve candidate fitness, endurance and reliability.144 Parachute Medical Squadron (Army Reserve Unit). 3.5 It may be difficult for other regular and reserve forces to be allocated to the regular army (and even more so reserve forces) of the regular army (and even more so reserve forces) not associated with airborne troops, a vacancy on the pre-parachute selection course. However, this suggests that it is difficult, but not impossible. 3.6 Guide to pre-selection of parachutes All candidates for pre-selection courses will receive a combined instruction manual on joining and a guide to the preparation of the course, which, for example, sets out a training programme that the candidates will carry out. It provides advice on accommodation, parking, dress, food, equipment to bring and not bring, general fitness training program and a number of other useful titbits information. 3.7 The dates of all PPS courses covered in this article are published annually in the relevant DIN. Alternatively, the course date can be obtained from P Direct or in the relevant training wing of the unit. PART FOUR: (STAGE 1, BLOCK 3) OUTLINE OF PRE-PARACHUTE SELECTION All P Company courses are attended by volunteers from all over the UK who seek to join the Airborne Forces. Common standards, both in training and in the selection of prospective paratroopers, make up a key part of the parachute regiment and 16 amphibious assault brigade. P Company commands a major (OF-3) from the Parachute Regiment, which helps a number of parachute regiment personnel (and para-trained RAPTCI) who provide training. The P Company program takes students beyond their own appetite for challenge by testing their physical and mental reliability, and thereby assessing commitment and suitability to serve in airborne troops. P provides the following courses (Osborne, 2014): All Arms Arms Selection (usually four per year). Recruitment testing week (usually twelve a year). Army Reserve Preliminary Parachute Selection (usually two per year). Army Reserve Combat Infantry Course (Para) (usually two per year). Exercise airborne students (usually one per year). P The company also operates para in 10 Charity Challenge Race each year, and with the above courses equates to about 2,000 miles of running and tabbing per person per year. (Osborne, 2014, p.14). All officers and soldiers wishing to join the airborne unit must undergo one of the above pre-parachute screening courses. The AAPPS course outlined here lasts three and a half weeks and is held in three different stages: Phase 1: Screening: conducted on the first Monday of the course; Phase 2: Build-up: This stage lasts two and a half weeks and is a progressive physical build-up to Test Week. It also includes a review/training package of military skills; and Phase 3: Test Week. 4.1 Phase 1: Screening takes place on the first Monday of the course. Failure to meet the appropriate standard for any event will crash and the candidate will fall under the rtU (return to the unit). Screening day includes: Combat Fitness Test (CFT): 8-mile March squad holding 35lb bergen (plus water) and weapons to be held in 1 hour 50 minutes; Trainasium: Aviation Confidence Course; and Basic fitness score: 1.5 mile run, precedes a 1.5 mile workout run, which must be completed in less than 9 minutes 30 seconds. To earn a P number (worn on clothes during AAPPS) applicants must be screened (Sapper, 2015). 4.2 Phase 2: The ramping up goal of this phase is to prepare candidates both mentally and physically for the week of the tests and is a vital part of the PPS, and failure can result in a candidate falling under the RTU. This phase is designed solely for the fatigue of candidates before the start of the test week (the total distance traveled is 94 miles). The build-up phase lasts two and a half weeks (Tuesday through Tuesday) and consists of two simultaneous delivered training packages: Physical Development (PD) package: candidates will be subject to two sessions of progressive PD training each day for two and a half weeks of this phase, which includes: Loaded marches: holding a bergen weighing 35 pounds (plus a bottle of water) and weapons, a series of processions include hills. Fast runs: Candidates take part in demanding runs up to 11 miles away, wearing a T-shirt, pants and trainers. Candidates carry a water bottle in striped down webbing, and hold hill reps. District training: Candidates attend a number of ring training sessions in the gymnasium. These sessions focus on upper-body strength as well as Skills Package: which delivers the latest operational tactics, techniques techniques Procedures (TTPs) in order to prepare candidates for service with their airborne units and includes: Map Reading: After some periods of revision candidates sit the main test of the reading card. First Aid: Review periods focus on basic first aid methods. Field Craft: Pegasus Dagger Exercise is a 24-hour exercise in which candidates control themselves in the field under tactical conditions. Candidates also take part in empty fire attacks up to the level of the section and day/night navigation exercises. Bayonet Fight: Candidates perform bayonet combat techniques at the bayonet infantry training center running. Military swim test: a basic test that all serving soldiers must attempt. 4.2.1 The description of School Day 1 (Tuesday) starts with a run called Speed Play 1, which consists of a five to six mile fast run, but on each mile the candidates will have a bit of thrashing (at work/pain stations!) until the last person in the while things keep working again. The afternoon includes first aid lessons, a set of checks and navigation theory. Day 2 (Wednesday) is Goodwood Races, punishing and quickly tab with lots of hillside representatives on Goodwood Hill, a difficult event but more quickly. The afternoon includes Battle PT (e.g. baby carries, piglet backs, carry firefighter, leopard crawl and races in commands). Day 3 (Thursday) is Speed Play 2, very similar to Speed Play 1, but harder, longer and faster. The afternoon includes an upper body gym chain session. Day 4 (Friday) is four riders and then another gym-based session in the afternoon. Day 5 (Monday) is an 8-mile-loaded March average; Catch the time of the 2-mile run away just as the challengers approach the gate back to camp. The afternoon is an introduction to the assault course (with a taste of what will be on the steeplechase). Day 6 (Tuesday) is a grueling 20-mile navigation exercise completed by mixed-ranks teams carrying about 43 pounds. There is a time limit of 8 hours. Once completed, the applicants have the rest of the day for themselves! Day 7 (Wednesday) is the infamous Snake Pass, or as some hopefuls call it 11 miles of hell! The pace is more stable than the two speed plays, but the challengers feet will be tired. This is followed by a Battle PT session this afternoon. Day 8 (Thursday) is Land of Nod, a cross-country tab spanning about 8 miles, including a loop around the Earth to nod a set of four very steep hills at a fast pace. In the afternoon the challengers will have a boxing circuit featuring upper body, boards and kick bags. Day 9 (Friday) is a couple of 10, a very fast paced 10-mile tab will be completed in ages Two o'clock. Day 10 (Monday) and Day 11 (Tuesday) consist of an introduction to the log and stretchers that play a key role in the Test week. Applicants will also be the old old man Wearing webbing with rifles on his back, an event designed to shake out and assess injuries heading into test week. During week 2, the contenders will conduct the Pegasus Dagger Exercise, which consists of (not necessarily in that order): Snake's Pass, which is an 11- mile run, then a navigation exercise in the afternoon that is about 20 miles long, followed by a phase of exercise that consists of a 5-mile race stretcher through the night wearing a cobweb and personal weapon. 4.3 Phase 3: The Company's P Test Week Test Week is common to all three PPS courses and all regular parachute regiment recruits and all regular and reserve officers and other ranks to conduct the same basic tests. Parachute Regiment recruits attempt Test Week 21 CIC (Para) and all-weapon candidates attempt Test weeks after a two-and-a-half-week build-up phase. Reserve personnel of the 4th Battalion (4 PARA) and other airborne reserve units attend a compressed 4-day PPS course tailored to their needs. During the week of testing, candidates are expected to run, march and carry dead weights of more than 1-20 miles on undulating terrain (a total of 41 miles). The test week includes eight separate activities over four and a half days. Seven events scored with one, Trainasium, being a straight pass or a failure. Each event is designed to assess a candidate's fitness, mental reliability and determination. A candidate who cannot show the appropriate level of self-discipline and motivation throughout the week of testing will fail the course. The Test week begins on Wednesday morning and ends the following Tuesday, as highlighted in Figure 2. Figure 2: Sketch events for The Week 4.4 Test Week P Test Company delivers test week to Parachute Regiment recruits in Week 21 of the Combined Infantry Course (Para) Sillabus. The test week conducted by the recruits is identical to that of stage 3 of the AAP. 4.5 Pre-Parachute Selection P provides a compressed 4-day PPS course to meet the requirements of the 4th Battalion, Parachute Regiment (4 PARA) and other reserve airborne units. It is only slightly different from the test week of the regular army - the main differences are one time less than the event (the endurance march), the extra time allocated for the 10-mile (10 minutes), steeplechase (11/2 minutes) and the two-miler (1 minute). 4.6 Army Reserve Combat Infantry Course P Company delivers 12-day CIC (Para) to recruits from 4 PARA. The CIC (Para) includes field training, shooting, platoon-level tactics and five-day exercises. The CIC (Para) is immediately followed by PPS Army Reserve Test Week. 4.7 Exercise Airborne Student This is a 9-day intensive course for officer cadets out of 19 officer training corps. Exercise Airborne Student includes training on field craft, craft, tactics, patrols and two- day confirming combat exercises. The Airborne Student Exercise is completed by army reserve PPS Test Week. 4.8 End P Company Candidates who take the course are awarded their burgundy berets and qualified to try the main parachute course at RAF Breeze Norton, and earn the distinctive Wings of The Pair. Personnel may be eligible to serve in the 16th Airborne Assault Brigade and other airborne units. It should be noted that there is a significant lag of personnel waiting for their main parachute course and as such the awarding of their wings (section 7.3). PART FIVE: BASIC PARACHUTE COURSE Although the Parachute Training Group (PCAU) is part of the Infantry Training Centre (Catterick), it is based at RAF Breeze Norton in Oxfordshire. Courses are always heavily re-signed, and the PCAU usually does not accept applications from individuals. In order to be eligible for the Basic Parachute Course (BPC), officers and other ranks must successfully complete one of the following regular or reserve courses: Only members of the Parachute Regiment, UKSF and Pathfinder Platoon are guaranteed places on the BPC. All other students are enrolled in courses in accordance with Ministry of Defense guidelines, which take into account the role of the unit and the number of personnel in individual units eligible for the parachute. Colonel Andrew Jackson (2014, p.63) states: There is no block on those who have 16 air assault crews conducting the main Para course if the assignment they need to fill a parachute entitled one. Specialized parachute courses are also held for UKSF and Royal Navy Field Units to train personnel in static line square and Military Free Fall parachute sports. There is some confusion, both in Royal Navy and Army circles, regarding subsunk parachute aid group, details in section 5.2 below. This causes a real stir in military parachute circles: the 5.1 Main Parachute Course Outline BPC supplied by RAF parachute jumping instructors to the Military Training Squadron at the RAFs No 1 Parachute School, which is part of the Airborne Delivery Wing located at RAF Breeze Norton. There are two versions of the BPC: a regular force course (up to three weeks long); and the Reserve Force course (two weeks as students arrive at the school partially prepared). The first week of this intensive course will see students learn basic skydiving skills by completing a mandatory ground training program that includes: Aircraft exercises to allow students to properly get off the C130 Hercules aircraft; and emergency exercises for all situations that may occur during the descent. Students may find themselves making their first descent on the fourth fourth the first week, and the importance of careful ground training and rehearsals becomes apparent when the skydiver realizes that they will only be in the air for about 25 seconds or less! You knew? It will take about three seconds for the parachute canopy to fully deploy and the low-level parachute descends at a speed of 21 feet per second. For two weeks, two and three students are taught all the additional skills needed to become operational parachutists, including equipment packing and landing exercises. To qualify for military parachute wings, students must complete a series of parachute descents (sources vary from six to nine). Each descent is a progression from the latter, ranging from 1000ft with equipment for the final descent with 600ft full equipment, at night. Students who do not reach the required standard at each stage must repeat this descent. Descents, in order, are: 1000 feet of exit, one stick, no container, day; 1000 feet of exit, one stick, container, day; 800 feet exit, one stick, container, day; 800 feet exit, one stick, container, night; 800 feet exit, simultaneously stick, container, day; 700-foot exit, simultaneous stick, container, night; and a 600-foot exit, simultaneous stick, container, day (qualifier). Successful completion of the final, qualification, jump leads to a parade of wings in the fall zone, where the newly minted paratroopers are represented by their parachute wings. 5.2 Subsunk Parachute Assistance Group The Royal Navy's Subsunk (or Submarine) Parachute Assistance Group (SPAG), led by Lieutenant Commander (OF-3), is a specialized airborne unit providing round-the-clock life support for major incidents at sea involving submarines or surface ships of any country (RN, 2014). SPAG was established in 1967 when the Royal Navy determined that a specialized parachuting rescue team may be needed to assist submarines that are difficult to assist, especially submarines operating in remote areas (Farmer, 2014). SPAG is on constant standby to travel to the affected submarines; A six-hour take-off notice, 24 hours a day, year-round with a Hercules aircraft stationed at RAF Brize Norton to ferry them to the scene. SPAG is a mixture of medics, engineers and submarine escape specialists taken from all services; although originally formed using employees serving on the submarine Escape Training Tank (SETT). SPAG members are trained in skydiving from a height of 3,000 feet with all the equipment needed to organize a floating victim reception center using both round and square static parachutes. The whole team has preparation in addition to their more specific roles. Annual exercises are held to maintain the SPAG operational parachute standard by training new skydivers on a 22-foot- driven static line (22' (22') parachute, save currency for qualified 22' SSL and static area line (SLS) skydivers (Hines, 2012). The exercises also support the continued training of other units in support of SPAG, including 148 commandos forward monitoring the royal artillery battery and navy Dive Unit. The team consists of ten people from a larger group of approximately thirty trained SPAG employees. Appendix 39E (June 2015) of the Royal Navy br3 Chapter 39E (June 2015) details the special badge that SPAG staff will wear, as shown in the picture (see right). BR3 claims that badges for additional qualifications and special skills are not worn by officers/officers and worn on the right cuff by other ratings. In addition, special qualification badges awarded by other countries cannot be worn on a naval uniform. JSP 754 states that from 1 October 2013, SETT staff who are nominated and qualified for SPAG will continue to receive recruitment and retention (parachute) salaries on an immediate basis in approved qualification positions. Some people mis-conditioned the DCI RN 131 as an organ for SPAG personnel to wear classic parachute wings associated with the parachute regiment. DCI RN 131 simply re-allowed the wearing of classic wings for those who completed the basic parachute course, since SPAG staff attend a special parachute course, they are not allowed to wear classic wings (I wait at FOI request to get the final answer to this question, answer below). Following a FOI request to the Navy Command, it would seem that the above point may not be strictly accurate. The FOI response also contradicts the BR3s version of spaGs full name: SubSunk version of the submarine (semantics indeed, but it should be noted). FOI SPAG Final Response (2015-09-08)RN, BR3, Chap39, Appendix 39E (2015-06) PART SIX: TRAINING UNITS AND AREAS 16 Air Assault Brigade was formed on September 1, 1999 from two existing formations, a 5 airborne brigade and 24 airmobile brigade. The brigade is headquartered in Colchester, Essex, and is made up of Army and Air Force personnel, allowing it to integrate air and ground operations. The icon of the 16th Strike Eagle Air Assault Brigade was adapted from the Special Training Centre in Lokaylot, Scotland, where special forces and air forces were trained during World War II. The color of the badge symbolizes the joining of the paratroopers (Maroon) and the Army Air Corps (Light Blue). The Brigade is the largest brigade of the British Army with approximately 8,000 soldiers, combining the speed and maneuverability of airborne and airborne troops with the power of Apache attack helicopters. The main role of the brigade in providing the Airborne Task Force (ABTF), a British Army rapid reaction force that is ready to deploy anywhere in the world in a short time to conduct a full range of military from some kind of evacuation operations to combat operations. The role of the Commander of the 16th Air Assault Brigade, Brigadier General (OF-7), is to command and train and deliver force elements to contribute to the United Kingdom's ground command and defence capability. In accordance with this, provide the necessary collective training for all elements of the Force assigned to the brigade and enhance and increase the deployment of soldiers as part of the brigade. Under Army 2020, the brigade will undergo a series of cuts and reassignment, reducing its number from about 8,000 to almost 5,000 (Ripley, 2014). 6.1 Infantry Training Centre (Catteric) Infantry Training Centre (ITC), located in Catterick and commanded by colonel (OF-5), trains all infantrymen of the British Army, producing some of the best infantry soldiers in the world. Recruits joining any of the infantry regiments, including the Futgards, The Parachute Regiment and the Gurkha Brigade, take the corresponding Combat Infantry (CIC) course at MTC Catterik, which presents their combined training in Stages 1 and 2. Junior infantry soldiers (aged 16-17) are trained first at Harrogate Army College and then transferred to the ITC Catterik to complete their 12-week training programme in the second phase before joining their battalions. ITC Catterick launches four versions of CIC: Infantry Line; Leg guards; Couple; and Gurkha and consists of three battalions (ITC support battalion, 1st Infantry Training Battalion and 2nd Infantry Training Battalion. Located within ITC Catterick is: Pegasus Company; Army School Ceremony; Parachute Control Group; Army School Bagpipes and Highland Drumming For more information on the initial combined Phase 1 and 2 infantry training and combat infantry vision course: British Army Phase 1 Elementary Training Part 5. 6.2 Pegasus Company Pegasus Company is based at the Infantry Training Centre in Catterick, North Yorkshire, and is staffed by the Parachute Regiment and 16 Air Assault Brigade, providing courses for both regular and reserve personnel. The 6.3 Parachute Course Administration Group Although the Parachute Course Administration Group (PCAU) is part of the ITC (C), it is based at RAF Breeze Norton in Oxfordshire. PCAU has a long-standing relationship with RAF No 1 Parachute Training School, providing support for students of all ranks as well as RAF instructors to ensure the courses will be conducted smoothly; this allows both students and teachers to fully focus on the main task of training trained military paratroopers for operations. THE PCAU also provides manpower and resources to demonstrate on-board equipment for the wide range of VIPs who attend school. Demonstrations are aimed at visitors to the world of military parachuting. Most visitors quickly get an idea of the demand for the high standards of fitness required by paratroopers when invited by Don to complete the Skydiving Order with parachutes, heavy load weapons and full kit release. PCAU also maintains a database of three services for all parachutists of the service. The database is consulted by various agencies seeking information for reasons ranging from the right to pay salaries to the historical interests of veterans' groups. This data is also regularly consulted by the police in cases of alleged fraud and/or is not allowed to wear parachutist wings. With electronic records dating back to 1967 and a map index in the 1940s, no one slips through the network. 6.4 RAF No 1 Parachute Training School RAF Parachute Training School (PTS) is part of the Airborne Delivery Wing (ADW) and is located in RAF Breeze Norton. The PTS consists of three training flights that: Military Training Flight: is the largest section of ADWs and provides training and support for all three services in the military static line and free fall of parachute sports, as well as facilitates the provision of water descents for members of the Armed Forces. The military training flight also trains authorized foreign troops and assists in training exercises, both in the UK and abroad. Much of the squadron's efforts focus on the following two courses: the main parachute course; and the Static Line Square Course (course 8-jump for specially selected servicemen): Using a static square parachute line, troops are sent from the C-130 or Skyvan aircraft at an altitude of 1,200ft to 3,000ft and due to parachute flying characteristics can land a few meters apart. Continuation of training flight: is an integral liaison and facilitator of parachute training for the 16th Air Assault Brigade, organizing and operating ab-initio training and continuing/retraining training through various exercises both in the UK and abroad. While the bulk of the Continuation Training Flight is based in the PTS, in RAF Brize Norton, ADW has several parachute jumping instructors (PJIs) embedded in the 16th Air Assault Brigade. This contributes to improving the relationship between the front line command, allowing for greater communication between services while on exercises and operational units across the UK and abroad. Instructor Training Flight: Populated by experienced and highly skilled PJIs who supply ab-initio and parachute retraining and drop safety zone officers training personnel on the PJI course and those returning to parachute duties after a long absence from ADW. PART SEVEN: MISCELLANEOUS P is open to all officers and other ranks Military. Airborne units seek to attract resolute, determined, intelligent, reliable and physically fit people to serve in airborne troops. This article provides basic information that allows individuals to make an informed decision before applying to P Company. 7.1 Pay recruitment and retention (parachute) Rules of Pay and Retention (RRP) (Para) (Para) ( RRP) ( Para) ( Extra Pay or Professional Pay (Parachute), set out in JSP 754 Tri-Service Rules of Pay and Fees Chapter 6 Section 10. The basic parachute course of qualified personnel, filling properly annotated positions, will be paid at the basic rate of RRP (Para). 7.2 Wearing Maroon Takes Besides the Parachute Regiment, the Army Dress Policy Committee is used only to ensure that those units that were part of the 16th Air Assault Brigade wear burgundy berets. Army 2020 has created a number of units, the only reason of which is to support the 16th Air Assault Brigade, but whose peaceful chain of command is out of formation for reasons of maintaining special capabilities. The headquarters of the 16th Air Assault Brigade submitted a case asking for the permission of such units to wear burgundy berets, and this was approved by the Army Clothing Committee in November 2013 (Lowe, 2013). 7.3 Time to go? In January 2013, the presentation to a soldier (british Army journal) by a certain Private Corfield (2013) from MPGS (Military Guard Service) caused a small stir. Corfield argued that the Parachute Regiment, and the de facto other airborne units, are outdated and should be abolished to save money, rather than other regiments that have a longer military history. A number of commentators presented their own thoughts on the issue in the February 2013 edition of Soldier, who gently pointed out that the Parachute Regiment and Airborne Troops were the initial presence of entry in almost every UK deployment abroad. (Lindsell, 2013, p.57) and the Parachute Regiment provides a special soldier. P Choice company and subsequent training makes for very confident and aggressive troops. (Brownridge, 2013, p.57). Lindsell (2013, p.57) further noted that thanks to its unique training and ethics, the Parachute Regiment is the most significant contribution to Britain's elite forces, and it would be very concerning for British security and foreign policy if it feed suddenly dry up. The March issue of Soldier Pamment (2013, p.61) states that The Parachute Regiment can remain an elite airsauary regiment with P company as a test stage for those who want to wear the cherished burgundy beret. In fact, there will be no change in the current role of the pair, except that when passing the P company it will not make the jump; A couple without parachuting. Two Officers (Earl, 2013; 2013), an Air Force lieutenant and army major respectively, expressed disappointment with the responses in the February 2013 edition of The Soldier. The officers, both supporters of airborne troops, suggested that instead of berating Corfield for expressing his opinion, said people should return their corner with an argument. However, in the same month Dan Jarvis (a former Parachute Regiment officer and now Labour MP) told the Daily Mail that parachute training was gradually being phased and now only 80 people would be jumping on exercises previously 800 (Nicol, 2013). The Daily Mail (Nicole, 2013) also stated that a spokesman for the Ministry of Defense had acknowledged that the Army had reduced the number of parachute forces in a short time to 80, and added that parachute training had never been part of the basic training of parachute regiment recruits. The move also coincides with the phased withdrawal of the main transport aircraft OFFs, Hercules, used by Para's for their jumps. In 2013, it was confirmed as evidence of the activities of the Armed Forces Pay Review Authority (AFPRB, 2013, p.19) that parachute sport is no longer the basis of the role of the OF-4 Parachute Regiment (Lieutenant Colonel). Ultimately, in my opinion, the discussion should be about what pre-parachute and parachute training provides through the soldier's ethos and contribution to military effectiveness. I suppose this may boil down to: is pre-parachute training just another form of training or something else? I've never tried p company; jumping out of the plane wasn't my cup of tea. 7.4 P Revenge Company! In July 2014, 15 employees of P's Permanent Headquarters attempted and completed all tests of P Testing Week during a 24-hour trial (Soldier, 2014). 7.5 Parachute Regiment of Airborne Units, consists of the 1st Battalion (regular army): is the core of the Special Forces Support Group and is based in MoD St. Athan, south Wales;2nd Battalion (regular army): parachute infantry component of the 16th amphibious assault brigade based in Colchester Garrison; 3rd Battalion (regular army): 2nd Battalion; and 4th Battalion (Army Reserve): headquarters in Padsey, West Yorkshire, with companies in Glasgow, Liverpool and London.16 Air Assault Brigade, consisting of:7th Parachute Regiment Royal Horse Artillery, including:V Parachute Battery (Troops Beane)F (Sphinx) Parachute Parachute Battery Parachute Battery (Mercer Troops)H Parachute Battery (Troops Ramsay)I Parachute Battery (Bull's Troop) including:9 Parachute Squadron of Royal Engineers (Combat Engineering Squadron)51 Parachute Squadron royal engineers (Military Engineering Squadron) 2013 and revived in July 2018, responsible for the regiment's resources, management and training, as well as its specialist diving, design and (British Army, 2018).299 Para Squadron Royal Engineers (is the only parachute-trained engineering unit in the Army Reserve and provides support in direct combat engineering support).1st Battalion of the Royal Irish Regiment (reassigned during 2014)3 Regiment of the Army Air Corps4 Regiment of the Army Air Corps13 Air and Assault Regiment of the Royal Logistics Corps16 Medical Regiment of the Royal Army:144 Parachute Medical Squadron: is the only army reserve medical unit with parachute potential (has a detachment in London , Glasgow, Cardiff and Nottingham).7 Air Assault Battalion of the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Comprised of:216 (parachute) Signals Squadron: Operation of Advanced Communications and Information Systems (CIS) at tactical, operational and strategic levels in support of brigade.156 Provost of the Royal Military Police Stationfinder Platoon9 Para Squadron Royal Engineers201 Battery 100 7.6 Documentary Films Paras was a BBC1 TV documentary series about the British Army Parachute Regiment training regime. The documentary was dedicated to the recruits of 480 (training) platoons who conducted basic training between January and June 1982 and first aired in November and December 1983. It was repeated in 1984 with an update on the lives of platoon members in the last episode. Filming of the documentary began shortly before the outbreak of hostilities with Argentines during the Falklands War, which is being discussed by both training personnel and recruits. The documentary was written and presented by Glyn Worsnip in the style of flying on the wall, giving the public a view of a unique insight into military life, and was accompanied by a book of the same name written by principal researcher Frank Hilton (1983). Some of the recruits who starred in the documentary continued to have long and distinguished careers, including Dean Ward and Rod Stoner. In addition, a platoon member, Corporal Al Slater, was later killed in Northern Ireland while serving in the SAS. In 2011, the BBC aired five episodes of the documentary series Regimental History, which featured a parachute regiment in the second episode. Narrated by Sean Pertwee (with privileged access, candid interviews and early archival footage) this documentary tells the story of how the story of a couple continues to motivate recruits into their ranks as they fight for the right to wear regimental burgundy berets. 7.7 Useful instructions and notifications for document protection (DINs, most recent). Pegasus Journal (published three times a year, two magazines and one yearbook) JSP 754 - Tri-Service Rules of Pay and Fees (latest edition). ATP-57 (B) Underwater Search and Rescue Guide (last march 2009) to receive SPAG information. 7.8 Useful links 7.9 AFPRB Links (Armed The Pay Review Authority (2013) Armed Forces Wage Review Authority: Forty-second report for 2013. Norwich: Stationery. ARRSE (2005) women to attempt P- Coy. Available from the World Wide Web: . (Access: 02 September, 2014). BBC News (2005a) a woman aims to make Para stories. Available on the World Wide Web: . (Access: 02 September, 2014). BBC News (2005b) Broken Leg ends with a woman's steam bid. Available from the World Wide Web: . (Access: 02 September, 2014). Beale, J. (2020) British Army officer becomes the first woman to take a brutal couple course. Available from the World Wide Web: . Access: February 19, 2020. Boyden, B. (2014) women deserve to earn wings. Soldier: British Army magazine. March 2014, p.63. British Army (2014) 16 headquarters of the Air Assault Brigade and Sig Sqn (216). Available from the World Wide Web: . (Access: 08 September, 2014). British Army (2018) Airborne Engineers Squadron returns to the ranks. Available from the World Wide Web: . (Access: August 29, 2018). Brownridge, M. (2013) Couple Proposal baffles staff. Soldier: British Army magazine. February 2013, p.57. Chandler, N. (2014) women get an OK try for an elite parachute regiment. Available on the World Wide Web: . (Access: 02 September, 2014). Clapson, J. (2013) African attack. Soldier: British Army magazine. December 2013, p.33-35. Corfield, A. (2014) Parachute Regiment Drop. Soldier: British Army magazine. January 2013, p.51. Earle, D. (2013) Wings Wrangle Ruffles More Feathers. Soldier: British Army magazine. March 2013, p.61. Farmer, B. (2014) Elite Navy Rescue Team is always on call to help submariners. Available on the World Wide Web: . (Access: 08 September, 2014). Hilton, F. (1983) Paras. London: BBC Books. Hines, N. (2012) Training for the unthinkable ... Global Gateway: RAF Breeze Norton magazine. September 2012, p.14-15. Jackson, A. (2014) women deserve to earn wings. Soldier: British Army magazine. March 2014, p.63. Lindsell, J. (2013) A Couple Proposal baffles staff. Soldier: British Army magazine. February 2013, p.57. Lowe, D. (2013) Time to remove Maroon berets? Soldier: British Army magazine. December 2013, p.54. P. (2013) Army Chief's Fury as Paras Lose Their Parachutes: New Cuts Mean Recruits Will No Longer Be Trained Jump. Available from the World Wide Web: . (Access: 08 September, 2014). Osborne, G. (2014) P Company ITC Catterick. Mind, Body and Spirit: The Annual Journal of the Royal Army Physical Training Corps. 97, 2013/14, page 13-14. Pamment, A. (2013) Wings Wrangle Ruffles More Feathers. Soldier: British Army magazine. March 2013, p.61. ParaData (2014) Parachute Regiment Charter. Available from the World Wide Web: . (Access: 02 September, 2014). Pinnington, A. (2012) Completion of P Coy. Wire: Royal Corps of Engineers journal. February 2012, p.75. Rands, J. (2013) Wings Wrangle Ruffles More Feathers. Soldier: British Army magazine. March 2013, p.61. Regimental newspaper: London Scottish (2003) Table Chat. Regimental newspaper: London Scottish. No 1054, Volume VIII, Summer 2003, p.44. Ripley, T. (2014) The UK Air Assault Brigade draws down. Available on the World Wide Web: . (Access: 08 September, 2014). RN (Royal Navy) (2014) Royal Navy Submarine Service: Your Career Guide. Available on the World Wide Web: /media/Files/CNR-PDFs/Sub-Service_spreads.pdf. (Access: 08 September, 2014). Soldier (2014) P Revenge Company. Soldier: British Army magazine. July 2014, p.13. Gunner (2013) Ubiq. Gunner: Regimental Journal of the Royal Artillery Regiment. February 2013, p.18. The British Army (2016) ground roles in combat are open to women. Available from the World Wide Web: . Access: August 8, 2016. 2016].

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