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Arizona's New Frontier Arizona’s New Frontier Moving Our Transportation System into the 21st Century Arizona PIRG Education Fund Arizona’s New Frontier Moving Our Transportation System into the 21st Century Arizona PIRG Education Fund Alex Nelson and Diane E. Brown, Arizona PIRG Education Fund Siena Kaplan, Kari Wohlschlegal, and Tony Dutzik, Frontier Group April 2009 Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Kevin Wallace, Transit Program Manager, Maricopa Association of Governments; Representative Steve Farley, Founder of Tucsonians for Sensible Transportation and State Representative of the 28th District; Jason Franz, Phoenix Urban Research Laboratory (PURL) Coordinator, College of Design, Arizona State University; and Teresa Brice, Execu- tive Director, Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC) for their review of this report. The authors would also like to thank Tony Dutzik of Frontier Group and Carolyn Kramer for their editorial assistance, and Gene Holmerud; Matthew DoCampo; Hillary Foose, Valley Metro; Sandy Smith, Bullhead Area Transit System (BATS); and Jeff Mielbeck and Sheri Tor- res, Northern Arizona Intergovernmental Public Transportation Authority (NAIPTA) for the information and photographs they provided. The generous financial support of the Rockefeller Foundation and Surdna Foundation made this report possible. The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors. The recommendations are those of Arizona PIRG Education Fund. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or those who provided review. © 2009 Arizona PIRG Education Fund With public debate around important issues often dominated by special interests pursuing their own narrow agendas, Arizona PIRG Education Fund offers an independent voice that works on behalf of the public interest. Arizona PIRG Education Fund, a 501(c)(3) organization, works to protect consumers and promote good government. We investigate problems, craft solutions, educate the public, and offer Arizonans meaningful opportunities for civic participation. Frontier Group conducts independent research and policy analysis to support a cleaner, healthier and more democratic society. Our mission is to inject accurate information and compelling ideas into public policy debates at the local, state and federal levels. www.frontiergroup.org For more information about Arizona PIRG Education Fund or for additional copies of this report, please visit www.arizonapirg.org. Cover photos: (top) Valley Metro, Jim Jeffers; (bottom, left to right) Flagstaff Mountain Line bus, NAIPTA; Tempe Orbit shuttle, Matt DoCampo; Bullhead City buses, BATS. Layout: Harriet Eckstein Graphic Design Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 5 The Case for More and Better Public Transportation in Arizona 6 Travel Trends: More Driving, Rising Transit Ridership 6 The Benefits of Transit in Arizona 11 A Vision for the Future of Public Transportation in Arizona 13 Goals of Transit Investments in Arizona 13 A New Transportation Future for the Sun Corridor 14 Adding Transportation Options Across the State 23 From Vision to Reality: A 21st Century Transit System for Arizona 30 State Policy 30 Federal Government 31 Conclusion 32 Notes 33 Executive Summary ver the past few decades, Arizona’s to provide all Arizona residents with the population has skyrocketed. This transit options they need. To get there, Opopulation growth has not been we need to start investing now in critical matched by public transportation invest- public transportation projects. ment, and Arizona’s resulting dependence on cars is hurting the state. High and wildly Public transportation helps address fluctuating gas prices add to Arizonans’ Arizona’s economic, transportation and economic woes, traffic congestion wastes energy challenges. valuable time and energy, and our cars and trucks produce pollution that harms • Public transportation pays dividends Arizonans’ health and contributes to global for Arizona residents and our economy. warming. Recently, there has been a surge of sup- o In 2006, public transportation in port for public transportation in Arizona, Arizona saved approximately 5.8 and the subsequent expanded bus service million gallons of oil, saving con- and new Valley Metro light rail have been sumers more than $15 million at a boon to the state and its residents. The the pump. public transit systems in Arizona are begin- ning to relieve congestion, reduce our de- o Public transportation prevented pendence on oil, curb pollution, stimulate almost 3 million hours of traffic the economy, and help to sustain healthy, delay – equivalent to about 68,000 vibrant communities. work weeks – in the Phoenix met- Arizona needs a transportation system ropolitan area in 2006, saving the that meets the needs of the 21st century economy more than $55 million in – one in which public transportation plays wasted time and lost productivity. a much bigger role than it does today. In the Tucson metropolitan area, Arizona should build on the public transit public transportation prevented investments we’ve recently made and work half a million hours of traffic delay, Executive Summary or 14,000 work weeks, preventing 11 percent more miles each year than over $11 million worth of wasted 15 years ago. money and productivity. • Arizona residents spent about $4.5 o Public transportation is helping to billion more on gasoline in 2006 than reduce global warming pollution in they did in 1998, a product of more Arizona, averting about 7,000 met- miles being driven in less efficient ric tons of carbon dioxide pollution vehicles, coupled with higher gasoline in 2006, the equivalent of taking prices. over 1,100 cars off the road. • Congestion on Arizona roads has • More and more Arizonans are choos- continued to get worse. In 2005, ing to take public transit rather than Phoenix area residents spent about 82 drive. Travel via public transportation million hours in traffic delays, while in Arizona has increased at a faster congestion cost the area’s economy rate than automobile travel since the about $1.7 billion. In the Tucson met- early 1990s – with the number of ropolitan area, travelers spent about passenger miles traveled on transit 17 million hours in congestion, and jumping 76 percent between 1993 and congestion cost about $338 million. 2006. • Transportation is a leading source of • Transit ridership continues to in- global warming pollution in Arizona. crease. In the first eight months of Arizona’s transportation system pro- 2008, ridership on the state’s transit duced 65 percent more carbon dioxide lines jumped 8.8 percent versus the in 2005 than it did in 1990. year before, compared with a 2.9 per- cent drop in vehicle travel. There are dozens of worthy public transit improvements that would give • 74.8 percent of Arizonans still drive to Arizona residents alternatives to the work alone while only 2.1 percent take rising cost of driving, reduce congestion public transportation, meaning that by removing cars from the road, save oil there are plenty of opportunities to and reduce pollution. entice new riders to transit. A comprehensive transit system for Our public transit system has not Arizona would include the following kept up with growing need. Arizona representative projects (not in order of residents drive more miles, spend more priority): on gasoline, experience more conges- tion, and produce more global warming A New Transportation Future for the Sun pollution from transportation than they Corridor did two decades ago. • Starting passenger rail service be- • Vehicle travel on Arizona highways tween Phoenix and Tucson, making increased by approximately 80 percent travel easier between the cities as they between 1992 and 2007. This is due become more and more interdependent. both to a larger population and to more driving per person – the average • Extending the new Valley Metro Arizona resident is also driving about light rail system to Glendale, easing 2 Arizona’s New Frontier commutes and providing access to and build transit infrastructure with Glendale’s growing list of entertain- an eye towards future growth. ment facilities and workplaces. • Improving paratransit service in • Extending Valley Metro along I-10 Mesa and elsewhere, providing vital West to Tolleson, expanding travel transportation options for the elderly options between Phoenix and the and disabled. burgeoning West Valley to relieve congestion on I-10. To build a 21st century transit system that will accommodate Arizona’s cur- • Building a commuter rail line rent population and expected enormous between Phoenix and Wickenburg, growth, the state needs a visionary and increasing options for commuters in comprehensive public transportation some of the most quickly growing cit- plan with a stable and long-term source ies in Arizona. of funding. Arizona should do the fol- lowing to address current and future • Extending the Orbit Shuttle Bus transportation needs: to South Tempe, giving neighbor- hoods easy and free connections with • Develop a statewide transportation downtown Tempe, Arizona State plan which ensures that Arizona’s University, and the Valley Metro light public transportation systems meet rail line. the state’s current and future trans- portation needs, and increases inte- • Building and expanding a modern gration between local, regional, and streetcar system in Tucson, help- statewide transportation agencies. ing people get around downtown and spurring investment in local business • Establish a stable, statewide
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