DOCSLIB.ORG

The Representation of Negative Mental States in the Poetry of John Keats: a Cognitive Approach to His Metaphors of Depression

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Representation of Negative Mental States in the Poetry of John Keats: a Cognitive Approach to His Metaphors of Depression The Representation of Negative Mental States in the Poetry of John Keats: A Cognitive Approach to His Metaphors of Depression By: Yasir A. Al-Jumaili A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Sheffield Faculty of Arts and Humanities School of English Supervisors: Professor Jane L. Hodson and Dr. Sara Whiteley March 2018 “Do you not see how necessary a World of Pains and troubles is to school an Intelligence and make it a soul? A Place where the heart must feel and suffer in a thousand diverse ways!” John Keats Abstract Much previous research on the representation of depression and melancholy in the poetry of John Keats has taken a biographical approach, judging his poetry with reference to known facts about his life. This study is different. It takes a cognitive perspective in which metaphors of negative mental states are analysed from a conceptual point of view. To do this I adopt current approaches to analysing metaphor, primarily Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Conceptual Integration Theory (CIT). I make use of identification procedures and the analysis of the following elements: source domains, conceptual metaphors, and cross-domain mappings. The study is based on a selection of poems; only the parts that relate to negative mental states are analysed. I begin by focusing on two poems (‘To Hope’ and ‘Ode to a Nightingale’) while testing my methodology, and then I broaden my focus to a Keats’s whole collection of poems in the final stage of my research. Analysing such metaphorical expressions enables me to find out how these states are constructed through metaphors and what concepts are used in representing them. The cognitive methodology has proven to be a useful tool to account for the metaphorical representations of negative mental states in Keats’s poetry. The analytical investigation shows that Keats represents these abstract states in different ways. Through personification and reification, they are associated with various experiences from different domains that involve concrete and physical actions. Beside the recurrent conventional domains of darkness, gloom, cloud, weight and burden, Keats also represents negative mental states in terms of sickness. The technical medical knowledge provided to him through his former profession as a medical student enables him to establish a connection between physical illness and negative mental states. Fever, sickness, pain, ache, drowsiness and numbness are prolific domains for Keats to conceptualize negative mental states. Having established this valuable methodology, I consider future ways of applying it to study other metaphors in Keats. i Acknowledgements This Thesis would not have been possible without the encouragement and support of many people. First of all, I am highly indebted to Professor Jane Hodson and Dr. Sara Whiteley for their professional and excellent supervision. I really appreciate your constant guidance, intellectual advice and encouragement. Your invaluable discussions, insightful suggestions, unfailing help when my wheels are not on the right rail helped me a lot in my research journey. It has been a privilege and a pleasure to work with you both; I could not ask for better advisors. I should also thank Professor Joanna Gavins for introducing me to the Conceptual Metaphor Theory and providing me with a helpful bibliography. I would like to extend my thanks to the University of Sheffield for the unforgettable succour and the patience during my financial hardships. I am also grateful to Kurdistan Regional Government/Iraq for giving me this great opportunity to do this doctorate through their Scholarship Programme (HCDP). Special thanks to my wife and my lovely daughters for their patience, provision and understanding, your continual motivation is beyond expression. A big thank you to my big family, whose uninterrupted care and sense of humour have helped me a lot through this phase of my life. My gratitude goes to all of my friends who believed in me and stood by my side, I am grateful for your friendship and support, and for so many happy times together. Special thanks to my desk mates and colleagues at Jessop West for the ongoing encouragement. My kind regards go to Shahzad for the fruitful discussions and help. I also extend my gratitude to the administrative staff at Jessop West, the staff at the University Health Service, and the staff at the University library for the cooperative spirit. My thankfulness is likewise due to all those who have contributed to my work in any significant way. Finally, I should not forget those dear people who passed away before seeing this, I am sure they are happy for me. ii Contents Abstract i Acknowledgments ii Chapter 1: Introduction 1-41 1.1 Foreword 1 1.2 Literature Review 8 1.3 Depression in History 25 1.4 Key Concepts 39 Chapter 2: Methodology and Pilot Study 42-87 2.1 Methodological Introduction 42 2.2 Current view of Metaphor 43 2.2.1 Conceptual Metaphor Theory 44 2.2.2: Conceptual Integration Theory 49 2.3 Pilot Study 55 2.3.1 Brief Analysis of ‘To Hope’ 56 2.3.2 Brief Analysis of ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ 65 2.4 Conclusion 84 Chapter 3: Data Analysis: Identifying Metaphor and Their Structural Patterns 88-152 3.1 Identifying Metaphor 89 3.2 Classifying and Categorizing Metaphor 102 3.3 Application 105 3.4 Examining the Structural Patterns of Keats’s Metaphors 106 3.4.1 Propositional Analysis 111 3.4.2 Propositional Analysis of Keats’s ‘To Hope’ 115 3.4.3 Propositional Analysis of ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ 134 3.5 Conclusion 148 iii Chapter 4: Cross-domain Mapping 153-206 4.1 Introduction to Cross-domain Mapping 155 4.2 Cross-domain Mapping in ‘To Hope’ 160 4.3 Cross-domain Mapping in ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ 186 4.4 Conclusion 202 Chapter 5: Negative Mental States through Medical Terminology 207-258 5.1 Foreword 207 5.2 Metaphors of Fever 214 5.3 Metaphors of Sickness 227 5.4 Metaphors of Ache and Pain 239 5.5 Metaphors of Drowsiness and Numbness 251 5.6 Conclusion 256 Chapter 6: Conclusions 259-270 6.1 Review and Contribution of the Study 259 6.2 The Findings 261 6.3 Revisit of Methodology 265 6.4 Limitations of the Current Work 268 6.5 Future Works 269 References 271-286 iv Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Foreword But when the melancholy fit shall fall Sudden from heaven like a weeping cloud, That fosters the droop-headed flowers all, And hides the green hill in an April shroud; Then glut thy sorrow on a morning rose, Or on the rainbow of the salt sand-wave, Or on the wealth of globèd peonies; Or if thy mistress some rich anger shows, Emprison her soft hand, and let her rave, And feed deep, deep upon her peerless eyes. John Keats, ‘Ode on Melancholy’ (l. 11-20) There is a long tradition of Keats’s critics responding to this passage thematically, observing that the poem specifies the psychological experience of melancholy (depression). To mention very few, Walter Jakson Bate sees the poem as a protest “against the conventional symbols of oblivion, death, and melancholy” (Bate, 1963: 522). Miriam Allott believes that “the poem is a characteristic Keatsian statement about the necessary relationship between joy and sorrow” (Allott, 1970: 538). Stephen Reid argues that in the ‘Ode on Melancholy’, Keats “acknowledges the inevitability of depressive pain by accepting its source” (Reid, 1971: 406). Nicholas Roe argues that the ode “rejects the conventional trappings of a macabre, gothic imagination, in favour of a meditation on themes which had preoccupied Keats in ‘Ode to a Nightingale’ and ‘Ode on a Grecian Urn’” (as cited in Strachan, 2003: 156). Other critics suggest a personal dimension; they believe that the speaker in this poem bases his conception of melancholy on personal experiences. 1 For example, Helen Vendler argues that “this is a personal poem in an impersonal guise” (Vendler, 1983: 166). She also adds that Keats attempts “a system of salvation” as the ode embodies “a long inner conflict concerning the life of sensation and its proper language, and the life of thought and its proper language” (Vendler, 1983: 7). Another group of critics attempt to establish a biographical link to this poem, suggesting that the speaker is depressed to utter such phrases. For example, Anupam Nagar and Amar Nath Prasad argue that ‘Ode on Melancholy’ “grew out of a persistent kind of experience which dominated Keats’s feelings, attitudes, and thoughts during that time” (Nagar and Prasad, 2005: 263). Therefore, the methods of judgement followed by most of Keats’s critics are either biographical or thematic; they judge the poet through literary evidence only. They read Keats’s poetry as a window to his mental states; they introduce mental states such as melancholy and depression as a peculiar feature of Keats. This impressionistic manner, of course, is imprecise because it does not allow us to understand how Keats constructs language to talk about such negative mental states. My concern is neither to approach Keats’s works thematically nor to prove whether he was depressed or not. My aim is to examine how he represents these negative emotional experiences and mental states such as ‘melancholy’, ‘sadness’, ‘depression’, ‘frustration’, ‘despair’ etc. in his works. For example, in the poem cited above, the experience of melancholy is represented in different scenarios: in the first scenario, the speaker uses simile to compare it to a physical object. ‘Melancholy’ is compared to a ‘weeping cloud’ that falls from heaven and ‘fosters the droop-headed flowers’. In the second scenario, the experience of melancholy, 2 which is explicitly named as ‘sorrow’, is represented as an object that can be glutted, ‘glut thy sorrow’.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Representation of Natural World in Keats‟S “Ode to a Nightingale”
    International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2019 Vol. 3, Issue 11, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 53-61 Published Online March 2019 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com) REPRESENTATION OF NATURAL WORLD IN KEATS‟S “ODE TO A NIGHTINGALE” Lok Raj Sharma Associate Professor of English Head of Faculty of Education Makawanpur Multiple Campus, Hetauda, Nepal Abstract - The prime objective of this article Nature carries a great symbolic significance is to explore the representations of the natural in creative writings. world as presented in one of the famous odes “Ode to a Nightingale" is a romantic poem of Keats‟s “Ode to a Nightingale” published composed by John Keats (1795-1821), who in 1819. This paper seeks to analyze this ode was a great romantic poet. “Ode to a from the Ecocritical Perspective which deals Nightingale" is one of the most highly with the study of man's relationships with his admired regular odes in English literature. It physical environment along with his reveals Keats's keen imaginative faculty, perception and conception of it. This article heightened sensibility and those aesthetic concludes that nature plays a very prominent qualities for which Keats is much well- role to generate sheer pleasure in man. The known. He was one of the greatest lovers and nature is represented as an active force, admirers of nature. His love of nature was whereas persons are represented as positively solely sumptuous and he cherished the beneficialized entities. This article is expected gorgeous sights and scenes of nature. to be significant to those who are involved in The article writer has attempted to teaching and learning ecocriticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Cogjm.Vol-5 Num-10.Pdf (411.8Kb)
    SOME CURES FOR THE TEXT BOOK BLUES extbooks cost a lot of money and this is State of nothing new. The textbook industry is a T racket and we, the students, are the ones getting screwed. Well, we here at The Red Pill have compiled a number of ways for you to get free Disunion or cheaper text books next semester. AGAINST PRISONS Use your contacts. Borrow textbooks PERCENT OF from friends that have already taken the class. INCREASE IN COST PERCENT OF MAY 2007 VOL. 5 NO. 10 If the book is a different edition, don’t let that of textbook production INCREASE IN dissuade you from using the book; most of the since 1998: THE PRICES OF time very little in the textbook has changed, 5.4 TEXTBOOKS they just want to increase their sales by making that publishers set old editions arbitrarily obsolete. PERCENT INCREASE since 1998: GANG VIOLENCE ROCKS If you have a class like Shakespeare, IN COLORADO 35.1 BUENA VISTA PRISON 18th Century Literature, or American History, POPULATION where most of the works are now in the public from 1980-2003: PERCENT domain, just head over to the computer lab and 59 INCREASE IN search for PDFs of the books on the web and COLORADO PRISON ne of Colorado’s largest prisons, out for chow and showers. There have been 5 then print them out on the school’s dime. www. NUMBER OF BLACK POPULATION Buena Vista Correctional Facility, or 6 other incidents. Just the other day there pdfplanet.com has thousands of public domain MALES PER 100,000 from 1980-2003: has been rocked by gang violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Poetics of Becoming: Samuel Taylor Coleridge's and John Keats's Aesthetics Between Idealism and Deconstruction
    Towards a Poetics of Becoming: Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s and John Keats’s Aesthetics Between Idealism and Deconstruction Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät IV (Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften) der Universität Regensburg eingereicht von Charles NGIEWIH TEKE Alfons-Auer-Str. 4 93053 Regensburg Februar 2004 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Rainer EMIG Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dieter A. BERGER 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DEDICATION .............................................................................................................. I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... VI English........................................................................................................................ VI German...................................................................................................................... VII French...................................................................................................................... VIII INTRODUCTION Aims of the Study......................................................................................................... 1 On the Relationship Between S. T. Coleridge and J. Keats.......................................... 5 Certain Critical Terms................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the RING of the DOVE by IBN HAZAM
    THE RING OF THE DOVE By IBN HAZAM (994-1064) A TREATISE ON THE ART AND PRACTICE OF ARAB LOVE Translated by A.J. ARBERRY, LITT.D., F.B.A LUZAC & COMPANY, LTD. 46 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON, W.C. 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Preface Author's Preface Preliminary Excursus The Signs Of Love On Falling In Love While Asleep On Falling In Love Through A Description On Falling In Love At First Sight On Falling In Love After Long Association On Falling In Love With A Quality And Thereafter Not Approving Any Other Different Of Allusion By Words Of Hinting With The Eyes Of Correspondence Of The Messenger Of Concealing The Secret Of Divulging The Secret Of Compliance Of Opposition Of The Reproacher Of The Helpful Brother Of The Spy Of The Slanderer Of Union Of Breaking Off Of Fidelity Of Betrayal Of Separation Of Contentment Of Wasting Away Of Forgetting Of Death 1 Of The Vileness Of Sinning Of The Virtue Of Continence PREFACE THE Arabs carrying Islam westwards to the Atlantic Ocean first set foot on Spanish soil during July 710 the leader of the raid, which was to prove the forerunner of long Moslem occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, was named Tarif, and the promontory on which he landed commemorates his exploit by being called to this day Tarifa. The main invasion followed a year later; Tariq Ibn Ziyad, a Berber by birth, brought over from the African side of the narrows a comparatively small army which sufficed to overthrow Roderick the Visigoth and to supplant the Cross by the Crescent; he gave his name to that famous Rock of Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq, the Mountain of Tariq), which has been disputed by so many conquerors down the ages, and over which the British flag has fluttered since the early years of the eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Reviews 213 Especially Unfortunate for a Collection on Textuality, The
    Especially unfortunate for a collection on textuality, the essays are marred by typographical errors (“David Scan Kastan”, “feministm”, “Sommer- ville College”, “modem” for “modern”, “arid” for “and”). ;WUMWN \PMÅZ[\[M\WN ¹[MUQVITºM[[Ia[[PW_\PMQZIOMJ]\QV[WUM ways this is one of the pleasures in reading the volume. McGann’s essay from 1985 asks, “What is the relevance of textual and bibliographical stud- ies to literary intepretation?” and asserts “This is not a question that has been posed in a systematic way very often”. These statements would be unthinkable in the recent essays in the collection, a change due in a large part to McGann’s own work over the last two decades. He suggests that, faced by the same textual feature, literary historians and editors ask differ- ent questions. The former ask “what does this mean?” while the latter ask “is this right or wrong?” McGann’s essay is not about early modern texts, TM\ITWVMJa_WUMVJ]\Q\Q[QV\MZM[\QVO\WZMÆMK\WV\PM_Ia[QV_PQKPMLQ- tors of early modern women have almost always been literary historians ÅZ[\LZI_V\WMLQ\QVOQVWZLMZ\WUISMQVIKKM[[QJTM\M`\[I^IQTIJTMWomen Editing/Editing Women is both an essential primer for any would-be editor of early modern women and a stimulating statement of enduring ques- \QWV[IVLKPITTMVOM[QV\PMÅMTL1\[]OOM[\[IÅMTL_PQKPPI[LM^MTWXML rapidly over some forty years, and provides an exciting picture of both the many questions which have been answered, and those which remain for editors in this vibrant area. Elizabeth Scott-Baumann Stephen Hebron. John Keats: A Poet and His Manuscripts. London: The Brit- ish Library, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Humours Through Burton, Jonson, and Shakespeare Lindsey N
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2016 The eP rformance of Melancholy: Understanding the Humours through Burton, Jonson, and Shakespeare Lindsey N. Betts Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Betts, Lindsey N., "The eP rformance of Melancholy: Understanding the Humours through Burton, Jonson, and Shakespeare" (2016). CMC Senior Theses. Paper 1368. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1368 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Claremont McKenna College The Performance of Melancholy: Understanding the Humours through Burton, Jonson, and Shakespeare submitted to Professor Seth Lobis by Lindsey Betts for Senior Thesis Spring 2016 April 25, 2016 2 To my parents, who have brought me to where I am today; and to my brother, Caleb, who keeps me going. 3 Table of Contents Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………....5 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………....6 Chapter One: The Seriousness of Burton’s Anatomy of Melancholy…………………....11 Chapter Two: The Caricatures of Jonson’s Every Man Out of His Humour....................39 Chapter Three: The Game of Melancholy in Jonson’s Every Man In His Humour…….51 Chapter Four: Visions of Real World Melancholy in Shakespeare’s As You Like It……61 Chapter Five: The Discourse of Melancholy in Shakespeare’s Hamlet…………………72 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………..86 4 Acknowledgements First and foremost, I must thank Professor Lobis for the wisdom, support, and guidance he has provided as my advisor. He was there from the moment I showed interest in studying literature to the day I made the transition to becoming the Literature major I was destined to be.
    [Show full text]
  • X Sunday After Pentecost
    X Sunday after Pentecost - Acedia1 In the name of the Father… Man is characterized by a three-fold love of self, neighbor and God.2 The three-fold wound of Original Sin distorts those loves,3 the resultant capital vices disposing us to commit sin, disordered acts not consistent with our true happiness which lies in cultivating - perfecting - well-ordered loves. The well-ordered love of self is distorted by the concupiscence of the flesh - by the capital vices of gluttony and lust which promise false happiness in pleasure. The perennial remedy against these carnal vices is corporal mortification, e.g., fasting. The well-ordered love of neighbor is distorted by the concupiscence of the eyes - by the capital vice of avarice which promises false happiness in possessions. The perennial remedy against this vice is liberality with worldly goods, particularly almsgiving. Arising from the wound of the pride of life is the capital vice of acedia - or sloth. Commonly understood as mere laziness or inertia, the early desert fathers rather articulated acedia as a disgust and sorrow for the monastic life and its attendant asceticism, prompting a desire to flee and return to a former life. Thus, acedia was seen as a peculiarly religious vice, a threat to a religious vocation - to a commitment of one's life to God. When monasticism reached the west, eremitical life became communal and the necessary asceticism assumed a social dimension. Consequently, acedia now manifested by distancing oneself from communal duties, e.g., common prayer or manual labor. The root, however, was still discontent with the religious identity, and therefore a relationship with God.
    [Show full text]
  • Acedia and the Evagrian Antidotes to Pastoral Burnout
    Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses Perkins Thesis and Dissertations Spring 5-14-2021 Acedia and the Evagrian Antidotes to Pastoral Burnout Thomas Daniel Irving [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_ministry_etds Part of the Christianity Commons, Practical Theology Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Irving, Thomas Daniel, "Acedia and the Evagrian Antidotes to Pastoral Burnout" (2021). Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses. 5. https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_ministry_etds/5 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Perkins Thesis and Dissertations at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. ACEDIA AND THE EVAGRIAN ANTIDOTES TO PASTORAL BURNOUT Approved by: _______________________________________ Prof. James Kang Hoon Lee Associate Professor of the History of Early Christianity Altshuler Distinguised Teaching Professor Director, Doctor of Ministry Program Advisor ___________________________________ Prof. Alyce McKenzie Le Van Professor of Preaching and Worship Altshuler Distinguished Teaching Professor Director, Center for Preaching Excellence Reader ! ACEDIA AND THE EVAGRIAN ANTIDOTES TO PASTORAL BURNOUT A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of Perkins School of Theology Southern Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry by Rev. Daniel Irving B.A., Religious Studies, Southern Methodist University M.Div., Duke Divinity School April 1, 2021 ! Copyright (2021) Rev. Daniel Irving All Rights Reserved ! Irving, Daniel B.A., Southern Methodist University, Dallas, 2004; M.Div., Duke Divinity School, Durham, 2008.
    [Show full text]
  • BYRON, SHELLEY and KEATS
    THE ROMANTIC AGE THE SECOND GENERATION OF ROMANTIC POETS: BYRON, SHELLEY and KEATS - they all left England, visited Italy and died young - return to complex forms of versification and richer language - interest in the world of ancient Greece - more interest in Politics (especially Byron) - different view of Nature (less idealistic) George Gordon Byron 1. Life (1788 – 1824) • In 1809 he set out on a tour of Spain, Portugal, Malta, Albania, Greece and the Middle East. • After his return to England in 1812, he published the first ‘two cantos’ of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. • He became a literary and social celebrity, but then he left England in 1816, never to return. • He lived in Geneva, where he became a friend of the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. • He moved to Venice, where he began his masterpiece, the mock-epic Don Juan. • In 1819 he moved to Milan where he became involved H. Meyer, Lord Byron, 1816, Victoria in the patriotic plots against Austrian rule. and Albert Museum, London • He committed himself to the Greek struggle of independence from Turkey. • His heart is buried in Greece, his body is interred in England. Performer - Culture & Literature George Gordon Byron 2. Main works • Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage (1812-1818). • The Giaour (1813), The Corsair, and Lara (1814): a series of verse narratives. • Manfred, a tragedy (1817). • Don Juan (1819-24). Jonny Lee Miller is Byron, in the BBC drama Byron. Performer - Culture & Literature George Gordon Byron 4. The Byronic hero • A moody, restless and mysterious romantic rebel. • Hides some sin or secret in his past.
    [Show full text]
  • The Song of Keats's Nightingale
    The Oswald Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the Discipline of English Volume 10 | Issue 1 Article 3 2008 Catalyst and Inhibitor: The onS g of Keats’s Nightingale Jonathan Krol John Carroll University University Heights, Ohio Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/tor Part of the Literature in English, Anglophone outside British Isles and North America Commons, and the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Krol, Jonathan (2008) "Catalyst and Inhibitor: The onS g of Keats’s Nightingale," The Oswald Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the Discipline of English: Vol. 10 : Iss. 1 , Article 3. Available at: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/tor/vol10/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you by the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The sO wald Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the Discipline of English by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Catalyst and Inhibitor: The onS g of Keats’s Nightingale Keywords John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale, Romantic Era literature This article is available in The sO wald Review: An International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Criticism in the Discipline of English: https://scholarcommons.sc.edu/tor/vol10/iss1/3 1 Catalyst and Inhibitor: The Song of Keats’s Nightingale Jonathan Krol John Carroll University University Heights, Ohio n his poem “Ode to a Nightingale,” John Keats Idemonstrates a desire to leave the earthly world behind in hopes of unifying with the elusive bird in a fleeting, fantastical world.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Rise and Progress of Popular Disaffection,” in Es- Says, Moral and Political, 2 Vols
    Notes Introduction 1. Robert Southey, “On the Rise and Progress of Popular Disaffection,” in Es- says, Moral and Political, 2 vols. (1817; London: John Murray, 1832), II, 82. The identity of Junius remained a mystery, and even Edmund Burke was suspected. For an argument that he was Sir Philip Francis, see Alvar Ellegård, Who Was Junius? (The Hague, 1962). 2. Byron, “The Vision of Judgment” in Lord Byron: The Complete Poetical Works, ed. Jerome J. McGann and Barry Weller, 7 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980–92), VI, 309–45. 3. M. H. Abrams, Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Ro- mantic Literature (New York: W. W. Norton, 1971), p. 13. 4. See Anne K. Mellor, English Romantic Irony (Cambridge: Harvard Univer- sity Press, 1980). 5. Jerome J. McGann, The Romantic Ideology: A Critical Investigation (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1983), pp. 23–24. 6. Jerome J. McGann, Towards a Literature of Knowledge (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989), p. 39. 7. McGann, Towards a Literature of Knowledge, p. 39. 8. McGann, “Literary Pragmatics and the Editorial Horizon,” in Devils and Angels: Textual Editing and Literary Theory, ed. Philip Cohen (Charlottesville and London: University Press of Virginia, 1991), pp. 1–21 (13). 9. Marilyn Butler, “Satire and the Images of Self in the Romantic Period: The Long Tradition of Hazlitt’s Liber Amoris,” in English Satire and the Satiric Tradition, ed. Claude Rawson (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984), 209–25 (209). 10. Stuart Curran, Poetic Form and British Romanticism (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), pp. 12–13. 11. Gary Dyer, British Satire and the Politics of Style, 1789–1832 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • 7-Sins-Fall-17-Reviewed.Pdf
    Fall 2017 Syllabus Honors Seminar VI 1178-IDH 3034- RVE #87808, Fully Online General Information | Important Information | Course Detail | Course Calendar General Information Professor Information Photo by Jean-Michele Instructor: Prof. Mary Lou Pfeiffer, LL.M., MA Phone:305-348-4100, The Honors College (MMC- DM 233) Fax: 305-348-2118 Office: OE 165 Office Hours: By appointment Email: Please use course email or if necessary [email protected] Course Description, Course Purpose Upper division Honors “Aesthetics, Values and Authority” fully online The Seven Deadly Sins [“Seven” is referenced hereafter using the Arabic number 7] is a fully online, 2 semester- 3 credits/semester- Honors course that investigates a 3-letter word, "sin," and its evolution into the list of the 7 deadly [capital/mortal] sins: anger, envy, gluttony, greed, lust, pride and sloth, that are central to moral philosophy and human behavior. They have been examined through art, music and literature for more than fifteen hundred years, and recently through multimedia and texts. The course provides the student with a background to recognize, define and analyze the 7 sins, their historical roots and corresponding virtues as they emerged from Eastern and Western societies throughout written history. Oxford University Press/New York Public Library produced books for each sin from the following authors: Dyson, Epstein, Wasserman, Prose, Tickle, Thurman and Blackburn. These and another text, Sin: the Early History of an Idea by Paula Fredriksen, explore the complexity of sin and how it affects humanity. In addition to the texts, students are required to view films/DVD’s throughout the course posted online accompanied by works of art, music, and electronic reading material.
    [Show full text]