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X Sunday After Pentecost
X Sunday after Pentecost - Acedia1 In the name of the Father… Man is characterized by a three-fold love of self, neighbor and God.2 The three-fold wound of Original Sin distorts those loves,3 the resultant capital vices disposing us to commit sin, disordered acts not consistent with our true happiness which lies in cultivating - perfecting - well-ordered loves. The well-ordered love of self is distorted by the concupiscence of the flesh - by the capital vices of gluttony and lust which promise false happiness in pleasure. The perennial remedy against these carnal vices is corporal mortification, e.g., fasting. The well-ordered love of neighbor is distorted by the concupiscence of the eyes - by the capital vice of avarice which promises false happiness in possessions. The perennial remedy against this vice is liberality with worldly goods, particularly almsgiving. Arising from the wound of the pride of life is the capital vice of acedia - or sloth. Commonly understood as mere laziness or inertia, the early desert fathers rather articulated acedia as a disgust and sorrow for the monastic life and its attendant asceticism, prompting a desire to flee and return to a former life. Thus, acedia was seen as a peculiarly religious vice, a threat to a religious vocation - to a commitment of one's life to God. When monasticism reached the west, eremitical life became communal and the necessary asceticism assumed a social dimension. Consequently, acedia now manifested by distancing oneself from communal duties, e.g., common prayer or manual labor. The root, however, was still discontent with the religious identity, and therefore a relationship with God. -
Acedia and the Evagrian Antidotes to Pastoral Burnout
Southern Methodist University SMU Scholar Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses Perkins Thesis and Dissertations Spring 5-14-2021 Acedia and the Evagrian Antidotes to Pastoral Burnout Thomas Daniel Irving [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_ministry_etds Part of the Christianity Commons, Practical Theology Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Irving, Thomas Daniel, "Acedia and the Evagrian Antidotes to Pastoral Burnout" (2021). Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses. 5. https://scholar.smu.edu/theology_ministry_etds/5 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Perkins Thesis and Dissertations at SMU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctor of Ministry Projects and Theses by an authorized administrator of SMU Scholar. For more information, please visit http://digitalrepository.smu.edu. ACEDIA AND THE EVAGRIAN ANTIDOTES TO PASTORAL BURNOUT Approved by: _______________________________________ Prof. James Kang Hoon Lee Associate Professor of the History of Early Christianity Altshuler Distinguised Teaching Professor Director, Doctor of Ministry Program Advisor ___________________________________ Prof. Alyce McKenzie Le Van Professor of Preaching and Worship Altshuler Distinguished Teaching Professor Director, Center for Preaching Excellence Reader ! ACEDIA AND THE EVAGRIAN ANTIDOTES TO PASTORAL BURNOUT A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of Perkins School of Theology Southern Methodist University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Ministry by Rev. Daniel Irving B.A., Religious Studies, Southern Methodist University M.Div., Duke Divinity School April 1, 2021 ! Copyright (2021) Rev. Daniel Irving All Rights Reserved ! Irving, Daniel B.A., Southern Methodist University, Dallas, 2004; M.Div., Duke Divinity School, Durham, 2008. -
The Passion Sadness According to St. Thomas
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1956 The Passion Sadness According to St. Thomas Benjamin Joseph Urmston Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Urmston, Benjamin Joseph, "The Passion Sadness According to St. Thomas" (1956). Master's Theses. 1313. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/1313 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1956 Benjamin Joseph Urmston THE PASSION SADNESS ACCORDING TO ST. THOMAS by- Benjamin J. Urmaton, S.J. A Theais Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University- in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arta February' 1956 LIFE Benjamin Joseph Urmston, S.J., was born in Cinoinnati, Ohio, September 20, 192$. He was graduated from Mt. Healthy High School, Mt. Healthy, Ohio, June, 194). In July, 1943, he entered xavter University. Cinoinnati, Ohio. After two and a half years in the armr, he entered the Sooiety ot Jesus in September, 1946, and enrolled again in Xavier 'University. He transterred to West Baden College. of Loro1a Univeraity in Septe.ber, 19$0. He was graduated in June, 19$1, with the degree ot Bachelor ot Arts. The author began his graduate studtes at Loyola Uni versity in July, 19$1. -
Philosophy & Social Criticism
Philosophy & Social Criticism http://psc.sagepub.com/ Apathy: the democratic disease Jeffrey E. Green Philosophy Social Criticism 2004 30: 745 DOI: 10.1177/0191453704045763 The online version of this article can be found at: http://psc.sagepub.com/content/30/5-6/745 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Philosophy & Social Criticism can be found at: Email Alerts: http://psc.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://psc.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav >> Version of Record - Dec 6, 2004 What is This? Downloaded from psc.sagepub.com at UNIV OF PENNSYLVANIA on May 6, 2013 12 045763 (to/d) 2/9/04 11:38 am Page 745 Jeffrey E. Green Apathy: the democratic disease Abstract This essay turns to ancient sources in order to rethink the relation- ship between political apathy and democracy. If modern democratic theorists place political apathy entirely outside of democracy – either as a destructive limit upon the full realization of a democratic polity, or, more sanguinely, as a pragmatic necessity which tempers democracy so that it may function in a workable yet watered-down form – the ancients conceived of political apathy as a peculiarly democratic phenomenon that was likely to flourish in tandem with the expansion of egalitarian institutional structures and moral ideas. Evidence for the ancient recognition of political apathy as a uniquely demo- cratic kind of affliction centers on, but is not limited to, three main sources. In literature, the Homeric epic, and specifically the story of Achilles, present apathy for politics and commitment to human equality as synonymous forces. -
Diligence Through Identity 1
DILIGENCE THROUGH IDENTITY 1 Diligence Through Identity: Paul’s leadership approach in Ephesians 4 Daniel P. Rogers, DSL Liberty University School of Business Edited by Lisa Simmons Author Note Daniel P. Rogers is an officer in the United States Coast Guard and an adjunct professor at Liberty University’s School of Business. He can be reached via email at [email protected] or via phone at 202.821.2444. DILIGENCE THROUGH IDENTITY 2 Abstract This article seeks to understand the relationship between the classic Christian virtue of diligence and organizational leadership. It begins with some of the history of Christian thought as it relates to character, diligence, and leadership from a philosophical perspective. Next it analyzes Ephesians 4 using an inner texture analysis. The structure of the passage is considered first, then the verbs are analyzed. Past tense verbs obviously refer to actions already past. Future verbs tell us the end result. Present linking verbs denote a “by definition” relationship, and present action verbs give a clue to where diligence in necessary. The analysis is then used to provide practical application for Christians in general and Christian leadership in particular. Four themes emerge from this close look at verb usage. The first theme gleaned from the passage is that all are free to use their gifts for the benefit of others. The second theme found within the passage is that there is no need to try to build esteem upon a comparison between leaders and followers; instead, all are free to draw their identity from Christ. The third theme given within the passage is that Christian leaders can believe that others truly can change because we remember the character that once defined us. -
Acedia, Tristitia and Sloth: Early Christian Forerunners to Chronic Ennui
Acedia, Tristitia and Sloth: Early Christian Forerunners to Chronic Ennui Ian Irvine This article focuses on the relevance of early Christian writings on acedia and tristitia to the primary modern and postmodern mala- dies of the subject, i.e., chronic ennui, alienation, estrangement, dis- enchantment, angst, neurosis, etc. The focus will be on the ‘chronic ennui cycle’ which has been extensively discussed by Steiner (1971), Bouchez (1973), Kuhn (1976), Healy (1984), Klapp (1986) and Spacks (1995).1 It can be described as a cycle of boredom and addiction which robs individuals of meaning and a sense of the élan vitale. This cycle has undergone various mutations of form over the centuries. Many of the writers mentioned above have plotted its course of development from classical times to the present. Such dis- cussions begin with the descriptions of taedium vitae, luxuria and the horror loci supplied by Roman philosophers and writers such as Lucretius, Petronius and Seneca. They also encompass analyses of the spiritual illnesses of acedia and tristitia written by the Desert Fa- thers and of the various emotional and medical conditions de- scribed by Medieval and Early Modern poets and medical profes- 1 George Steiner, In Bluebeard’s Castle (1971); Madeleine Bouchez, L’Ennui (1973); Reinhard Kuhn, The Demon of Noontide: Ennui in Western Literature (1976); Sean Desmond Healy, Boredom, Self and Culture (1984); Orrin Klapp, Overload and Boredom (1986); and Patricia Spacks, Boredom (1995). Acedia, Tristitia and Sloth HUMANITAS • 89 sionals, e.g., saturnine melancholy, spleen, fits of the mothers, and ‘The English Malady.’ Due largely to the immense sociocultural changes that struck Chronic ennui Europe in the nineteenth century the problem of chronic ennui an obsession (sometimes termed ‘the spleen,’ hypp, languer, nerves and disen- of romantic chantment) inevitably became a major theme (if not obsession) for and realist writers. -
Toward a Material Account of Babyloss Narratives: Authorship
TOWARD A MATERIAL ACCOUNT OF BABYLOSS NARRATIVES: AUTHORSHIP, IDENTIFIABILITY, AND EMBEDDEDNESS IN COLLECTIVE STORYTELLING by Janel C. Atlas A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English Summer 2020 ©2020 Janel Atlas All Rights Reserved TOWARD A MATERIAL ACCOUNT OF BABYLOSS NARRATIVES: AUTHORSHIP, IDENTIFIABILITY, AND EMBEDDEDNESS IN COLLECTIVE STORYTELLING by Janel Atlas Approved: ______________________________________________________________ John Ernest, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of English Approved: ______________________________________________________________ John Pelesko, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: ______________________________________________________________ Douglas J. Doren, Ph.D. Interim Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education and Dean of the Graduate College I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: _____________________________________________________ Stephanie Kerschbaum, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed:_____________________________________________________ Melissa Ianetta, Ph.D. Member -
History of Depression Through the Ages
ISSN: 2455-5460 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ada MEDICAL GROUP Received: 23 December, 2019 Review Article Accepted: 05 May, 2020 Published: 06 May, 2020 *Corresponding author: Michel Bourin, Neurobiology History of depression through of anxiety and mood disorders, University of Nantes, 98, rue Joseph Blanchart 44100 Nantes, France, E-mail: the ages Keywords: Depression; DSM; Freud; Greco-roman antiquity; Kraepelin Michel Bourin* https://www.peertechz.com Neurobiology of anxiety and mood disorders, University of Nantes, 98, rue Joseph Blanchart 44100 Nantes, France Abstract Depressive thoughts appeared from the origins of Humanity. They are found in philosophical writings and in literature since Antiquity. They have been approached in a religious or medical way since always, with conceptions which sometimes mixed physiological and mystical explanations. With the advent of psychiatry as a medical discipline, depressive disorder was included in the classifi cations of mental disorders. In the fi rst half of the 20th century, depression was only a detectable syndrome in most mental illnesses, psychoses and neuroses, and received no special attention in our societies. Its determinism is designed in a multifactorial way, integrating psychological, social and biological factors. Introduction - yellow bile coming from the liver (bilious character, that is to say anxious) Depression is often presented as a fashionable disease. It is considered to be the disease of the 21st century. Yet it was - the black or atrabile bile coming from the spleen already described by Hippocrates in antiquity and it was at (melancholic character) the beginning of the 1800s that this term of depression, of the These moods correspond to the four elements themselves Latin "depressio" meaning depression, will make sense with characterized by their own qualities: the birth of psychiatry. -
The Self-Conscious Emotions
EMOTIONS The Self-Conscious Emotions Michael Lewis, PhD Institute for the Study of Child Development, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Child Health Institute, USA September 2011 Introduction 1 Until recently, the self-conscious emotions have been poorly studied. Little research on their meaning, how they develop, and how individual differences arises have been conducted, even though Charles Darwin 2 discussed them in some detail as far back as his book, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. Darwin’s observations were not followed up by neither psychoanalysis nor developmental psychopathology until about 40 years ago. In part, this was due to Freud’s focus on guilt and on the confusion between such self- conscious emotions as embarrassment, guilt and shame. In fact, Darwin’s observations and theorizing were not able to differentiate these different self-conscious emotions, in large part due to his measurement of the self- conscious emotions, where he used blushing behaviour. While blushing is a useful behaviour to measure, many people do not blush. Moreover, blushing is a measure of self reflection in the presence of other people, most noticeable embarrassment, but is not a measure of all the other self-conscious emotions such as shame, guilt or pride. While Darwin recognized the role of a person’s thoughts, especially around the emotion of embarrassment, he did not use cognitive capacities as a way to differentiate between them. Subject Michael Lewis, in his studies of the origins of the self-conscious emotions, makes the point that to understand the ontogenesis of these emotions in children, it is necessary to consider the cognitive development of the child 3,4 which likely give rise to them. -
Empathy and Moral Laziness
Animal Studies Journal Volume 5 Number 2 Article 3 2016 Empathy and Moral Laziness Kathie Jenni University of Redlands, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/asj Part of the Art and Design Commons, Australian Studies Commons, Creative Writing Commons, Digital Humanities Commons, Education Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Film and Media Studies Commons, Fine Arts Commons, Philosophy Commons, Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons, and the Theatre and Performance Studies Commons Recommended Citation Jenni, Kathie, Empathy and Moral Laziness, Animal Studies Journal, 5(2), 2016, 21-51. Available at:https://ro.uow.edu.au/asj/vol5/iss2/3 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Empathy and Moral Laziness Abstract In The Empathy Exams Leslie Jamison offers an unusual perspective: ‘Empathy isn’t just something that happens to us – a meteor shower of synapses firing across the brain – it’s also a choice we make: to pay attention, to extend ourselves. It’s made of exertion, that dowdier cousin of impulse’ (23). This essay is dedicated to elaborating that crucial observation. A vast amount of recent research concerns empathy – in evolutionary biology, neurobiology, moral psychology, and ethics. I want to extend these investigations by exploring the degree to which individuals can control our empathy: for whom and what we feel it, to what degree, in what circumstances, and with what practical results. My inquiry is aimed toward showing that humans can find ways to empathize with non-human animals – a capacity that is manifest in our relations with animal companions, but more rarely exercised when we consider animal victims of human exploitation. -
Acedia in the Rhythm of Daily Life the Primary Remedy for Acedia Is Being Faithful in the Demands of Daily Life That God’S Love Calls Us to Face
Remedies to Acedia in the Rhythm of Daily Life The primary remedy for acedia is being faithful in the demands of daily life that God’s love calls us to face. When we perform them with the humility of prayer, even quotidian works can enkindle the fi re of God’s love in us and thereby strengthen us against the temptations of this vice. Christian Reflection A Series in Faith and Ethics Prayer Scripture Reading: Colossians 3:23-24 Meditation† The beginning of the attack of acedia comes as an invitation to divert Focus Article: one’s attention from the prayer, work, or charity at hand and to Remedies to Acedia in the pay attention to something else, which might be entirely innocent Rhythm of Daily Life or even useful in itself. … [Soon] you fi nd yourself distracted and (Acedia, pp. 36-44) spiritually dissipated. And if you’re anything like me, it’s diffi cult to get a day back on track once this happens. This is why acedia has Suggested Article: to be discerned quickly through a practice of vigilant guard of the heart, so that it may be cut off at its seemingly innocent beginning. Sloth: Who Cares? (Acedia, pp. 73-76) Brother Charles, OFM Cap. Refl ection The early stream of Christian spiritual guidance—from Evagrius (c. 345-399) and his pupil John Cassian (c. 360-435) down to Benedict of Nursia (c. 480-543)—recommends stabilitas, or “sticking to your post,” as the best remedy for acedia. “Being faithful in our regular times of prayer, study, office tasks, cleaning the house, changing diapers, and other works that we may be called to do each day can seem dry and discouraging,” Amy Freeman admits. -
2010-Jbv-Hubris.Pdf
Journal of Business Venturing 25 (2010) 569–578 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Business Venturing Beyond hubris: How highly confident entrepreneurs rebound to venture again☆ Mathew L.A. Hayward a,b,⁎, William R. Forster c, Saras D. Sarasvathy c, Barbara L. Fredrickson d a Leeds School of Business, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0419, United States b University of Queensland, Australia c Darden School, University of Virginia, US d Department of Psychology and Kenan-Flagler Business School, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States article info abstract Article history: This article outlines why highly confident entrepreneurs of focal ventures are better positioned Received 6 May 2008 to start and succeed with another venture; and therefore why overconfidence in one's Received in revised form 10 March 2009 capabilities functionally persists and pervades amongst entrepreneurs. By combining cognitive Accepted 11 March 2009 perspectives on confidence in decision making with Fredrickson's [Fredrickson, B.L. 1998. What good are positive emotions?. Review of General Psychology, 2, 300–319.; Fredrickson, B.L. 2001. Keywords: The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: the broaden-and-build theory of positive fi Con dence emotions. American Psychologist, 56, 218–226.; Fredrickson, B.L. 2003. The value of positive Resilience emotions. American Scientist, 91: 330–335] ‘broaden-and-build’ theory of positive emotions, Serial entrepreneurship this paper elaborates the manner in which such entrepreneurs can develop emotional, cognitive, social and financial resilience that can be marshaled and mobilized for a subsequent venture. © 2009 Elsevier Inc.