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Ancient Americans Once Used a Spear-Thrower Known As an Atlatl for Hunting and Combat

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Ancient Americans Once Used a Spear-Thrower Known As an Atlatl for Hunting and Combat ORIGINSBANNER OF PUEBLO BANNER CULTURE BANNER • CELESTIAL • BANNER TIMEKEEPING BANNER BANNER • ATLATLS • BANNER TO BOWS BANNER AND ARROWS american archaeologySPRING 2015 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 19 No. 1 ReconstructingReconstructing LaLa Salle’sSalle’s ShipShip $3.95 $3.95 SPRING 2015 americana quarterly publication of The Archaeological archaeology Conservancy Vol. 19 No. 1 COVER FEATURE 12 VIVE LA BELLE BY ELIZABETH LUNDAY 39 Due to a long and extraordinary project, the remnants of La Salle’s 17th-century vessel have been preserved. Now the ship is being reconstructed. 19 FROM ATLATLS TO ARROWS BY MIKE TONER The introduction of the bow and arrow in ancient North America had huge consequences. 26 SEARCHING FOR THE ORIGINS OF PUEBLO CULTURE BY TAMARA STEWART The Dillard site is revealing evidence of Pueblo culture’s beginnings. 32 CELESTIAL TIMEKEEPING BY DAVID MALAKOFF LIZ LOPEZ PHOTOGRAPHY The movement of celestial bodies helped ancient people track time. 39 THE SEARCH FOR MOHO BY CHARLES C. POLING 26 In 1541, Coronado led an attack on a Native American pueblo the Spanish called Moho. Historical accounts of this important battle’s location are vague, but several researchers, all focused on different sites, believe they’ve found it. AL CENTER AL 46 point acquisition C CONSERVANCY TO ACQUIRE ITS LARGEST PRESERVE HAEOLOGI IN THE EAST C R Queen Esther’s Town and several A other sites will be saved. CROW CANYON 2 LAY OF THE LAND 50 FiELD NOTES 52 REVIEWS 54 EXPEDITIONS 3 LETTERS 5 EVENTS COVER: Peter Fix (foreground) and Jim Bruseth reassemble 7 IN THE NEWS the hull timbers of La Belle, the ship of the French • Norse Metalworking In Canada explorer Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle. • New Revealations From Valley Forge CREDIT:George Ramirez. • Maya Water Temple Discovered Explore more images of our feature articles online at www.archaeologicalconservancy.org american archaeology 1 Lay of the Land Watching The Ancient Skies atching the skies and keeping The Maya are an exception. They track of the calendar were had elaborate observatories, like the LIZ LOPEZ PHOTOGRAPHY important activities for the Caracol at Chichén Itzá, in Mexico, and Mark Michel, President Wprehistoric peoples of the Americas, a written language. Only a few Maya yet the methods they used are just books survive, but the Dresden Codex used to trace the movements of heav- now being understood by archaeolo- shows how they followed Venus over enly bodies, and probably tell time. gists and their astronomer colleagues. time. The written record is fragmen- Stains from these poles survived in the In this issue of American Archaeology tary and the observatories are in ruins, soil. At Chaco Canyon in New Mexico, we examine the latest research on early but together they show an extensive it seems that sophisticated astronomy American astronomy. (See “Celestial knowledge of astronomy. was imported from Mesoamerica. Timekeeping,” page 32.) For the most In the United States the evidence Archaeologists are studying how part, figuring out the methods ancient is less obvious, but there are some clear these things worked, and preserving people used to track the heavens is indications that ancient Americans what remains is critical, as every little quite a challenge, as the evidence can went to great lengths to observe the clue can be very important to figuring be ambiguous and there is no written heavens. The best example so far is it out. record of what they were viewing in Woodhenge at Cahokia, near St. Louis. the skies. A large circle of standing poles was Mark Montgomery DOMESTICChange the way you see theINTERNATIONAL world. May 17–23 August 7–13 March 15–28 The Neolithic Revolution Colorful Northern New Mexico Olmec and Maya The impact of agriculture Archaeology, art, and Pueblo landscapes Cultural crossroads in southern Mexico June 7–13 September 13–19 May 29–June 16 Trading Posts of the Southwest Hopi Migrations Aegean Adventure American Indian art and artists Oral tradition and archaeology Sea kayaking Crete and Santorini June 14–21 December 5–13 September 20–25 Pueblo-Maya Connections Utah’s Range Creek and The Ancient Pueblo World Modern culture, ancient traditions A journey through Chaco and San Rafael Swell in the Guatemala Highlands Fremont culture of the Green River Mesa Verde country June 16–22 September 27–October 2 Summer Solstice Chaco Meridian Revisited A new look at the Chaco world CROW CANYON Archaeoastronomy in the Four Corners ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTER CST 2059347-50 2015 Travel Seminars • 800.422.8975, ext. 141 • www.crowcanyon.org/travel 2 spring • 2015 Letters HOPEWELL WOODHENGE • ANCIENT URBANITES • REVISITING A LABOR MASSACRE Kennewick Man, Naia, And Native american archaeologyWINTER 2014-15 American Ancestry a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Editor’s Corner Vol. 18 No. 4 I was pleased to read the article “The Story As we well know, the introduction of Of Kennewick Man” (Winter 2014-15). As a new technology often comes with residents of the region where the remains consequences, and in some cases those were found, we watched this drama unfold, consequences are profound. Think of but until now had not heard the end of the the telephone, the computer, the inter- story. net. The introduction of new technolo- My wife and I attended a lecture by gies in the past were also accompanied forensic anthropologist Jim Chatters where by huge consequences, as our feature he talked about the process of rebuilding Kennewick Man “From Atlatls to Arrows” (see page 19) the facial features of Kennewick Man from $3.95 REVEALED shows. a casting of the skull. It was obvious to AA Winter 2014-15 mag.indd 1 For thousands of years ancient all in attendance that he had created a 11/13/14 9:45 AM North Americans used a spear-thrower bust of Star Trek’s Luc Picard, captain of the Enterprise. The appearance called an atlatl for hunting and fighting. was certainly not that of the local Native Americans. He also said that he knew The atlatl apparently served its purpose immediately that the skull was certainly not from of a Caucasian settler. well enough, given that in some places Chatter’s was recently involved in the study of the more than 12,000-year-old it was still in use during the historic Naia skeleton that was found in a flooded cave in Mexico. That study was able to period. But then along came the self get DNA results that confirmed a genetic lineage to current Native Americans. bow. This device, which is thought to However, the skull features are not typical of Native Americans. More to come? have arrived via Asia, was a powerful David Harris new technology and its repercussions Richland, Washington were immense. According to one expert, it affected Statement of Ownership, Management, and Circulation 1. Publication Title: American Archaeology. 2. Publication No.: 1093-8400. 3. Filing Date: September 29, 2014. 4. Issue Frequency: Quarterly. 5. No. of Issues Published Annually: 4. 6. Annual Subscription Price: $25.00. 7. Complete everything from settlement strategies Mailing Address of Known Office of Publication: The Archaeological Conservancy, 1717 Girard Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106. 8. Complete Mailing Address of Headquarters or General Business Office of Publisher: same as No. 7. 9. Full Names and Complete Mailing Addresses of Publisher, Editor, to population density to trade. Another and Managing Editor: Publisher—Mark Michel, address same as No. 7. Editor—Michael Bawaya, address same as No. 7. Managing Editor—N/A. 10. Owner: The Archaeological Conservancy, address same as No. 7. 11. Known Bondholders, Mortgagees, and Other Security Holders Owning or archaeologist called it the “great equal- Holding 1 Percent or More of Total Amount of Bonds, Mortgages, or Other Securities: None. 12. Tax Status: Ha s Not Changed During Preceding 12 izer” because its lethality conferred Months. 13. Publication Title: American Archaeology. 14. Issue Date for Circulation Data Below: Spring 2014. 15. Extent and Nature of Circulation: Average Number of Copies Each Issue During Preceding 12 Months: (A) Total No. Copies (net press run): 31,125. (B) Legitimate Paid and/or independence. People once found it Requested Distribution (By mail and outside the mail): (1) Outside County Paid/Requested Mail Subscriptions Stated on PS Form 3541 (Include direct written request from recipient, telemarketing, and Internet requests from recipient, paid subscriptions including nominal rate subscriptions, best to hunt large game in groups, but employer requests, advertiser’s proof copies, and exchange copies.): 19,395; (2) In-County Paid/Requested Mail Subscriptions stated on PS Form 3541 (Include direct written request from recipient, telemarketing, and Internet requests from recipient, paid subscriptions including nominal rate an individual armed with a bow and subscriptions, employer requests, advertiser’s proof copies, and exchange copies.): 0; (3) Sales Through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors, Counter arrow didn’t need the help of others to Sales, and Other Paid or Requested Distribution Outside USPS: 3,649; (4) Requested Copies Distributed by Other Mail Classes Through the USPS (e.g. First-Class Mail): 1,382. (C) Total Paid and/or Requested Circultation (Sum of 15b (1), (2), (3), and (4)): 24,426. (D) Nonrequested Distribution put dinner on the table. (By Mail and Outside the Mail): (1) Outside County Nonrequested Copies Stated on PS Form 3541(include sample copies, requests over 3 years old, requests induced by a premium, bulk sales and requests including association requests, names obtained from business directories, lists and And as we also know, technologi- other sources): 0; (2) In-County Nonrequested Copies Stated on PS Form 3541 (include sample copies, requests over 3 years old, requests induced by a premium, bulk sales and requests including association requests, names obtained from business directories, lists and other sources): 0; (3) cal advances can serve good and ill.
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