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Decadal Dynamics of Arctic Continental Water Cycle in the Framework of MONARCH-A

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Decadal dynamics of Arctic continental water cycle in the framework of MONARCH-A A.-L. Dhomps*,1,2, E.A. Zakharova1,2,3, A.V. Kouraev1,3, S. Biancamaria1,2, N.M. Mognard1,4 (1) Université de Toulouse; UPS (OMP-PCA); LEGOS; Toulouse, France, (2) CNRS, LEGOS, Toulouse, France, (3) State Oceanography Institute, St. Petersburg Branch, St. Petersburg, Russia, (4) CNES; LEGOS, Toulouse, France, * Contact: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Global (North of 50°N latitude) summer monthly fields of surface water extent from SSMI Timing of freeze/thaw periods over rivers and lakes from combination of SSMI and altimeter Alaska Alaska S=0.54 High latitude regions are predicted to suffer much greater warming than lower latitudes as a result of Algorithm from Fily et al. [2003] R²=0.72 River ice: in situ and satellite data Ice phenology for lakes and internal seas e g n a climate change. This will cause drastic changes in the carbon and water balance of the region, with + Brightness Temperature at 37 GHz for horizontal ICE EVENTS DURATION, DAYS r o - n r e t 150 km s 160 associated large effects on snow cover, soil freeze-thaw periods, soil moisture, permafrost, growing and vertical polarization a E Salekhard , n 140 e e Muzhi r g In situ station 120 - season, land cover, greenhouse gas fluxes and albedo. Ob' + Emissivity (Prigent et al. [1998] ) Gorki n Virtual station r e 200 t 100 s MacKensie e W d Sytomino : Few research programs grew up to study arctic climate such as the MONARCH-A FP7 European project e 80 r S=0.66 n MacKensie Oktyabr'skoye Surgut - a + Constants (Fily et al. [2003]) i l Aleksandrovskoye p a 160 r R²=0.83 s 60 a A Belogorye Ob' C n r (MONitoring and Assessing Regional Climate change in High latitudes and the Arctic). Its main objective is Kargasok n Irtysh e r h e t r h t Kolpashevo o r 120 o N , N e to generate a dedicated information package tailored to a subset of multidisciplinary essential climate Molchanovo u l b Kruglikovo - => time series for 1989-2009 l Novosibirsk a r 80 A variables and their mutual forcing and feedback mechanisms associated with changes in terrestrial carbon n r Ob' e t s a => Percentage of the pixel covered by water n E e - 40 e h r t and water fluxes, sea level and ocean circulation and the marine carbon cycle in the high latitude and g u - o i t S Ob Estuary l A S=0.49 a 0 g 160 Arctic regions. Ob Estuary o d R²=0.69 a L 140 , d e r - 120 Methodology on Ob river Ice phenology W M 100 ) P B a N g - o 80 d • • e 24 hydrological stations First ice a u l 200 L , B 60 e , u B l 180 b M - - daily data (2001-2011) • Ice with polynyas a n g e 160 e e r MONARCH-A : Program description n G O • 96 ENVISAT • Ice 100% , 140 B ASAR/FWS summer Scatterplots for S - d 120 e R • ( 1989-2009 August mean of Fraction of Water Surface virtual stations (2002-2011) Ice with polynyas, water on ice 2007 2007-2009 L 100 A K I 4 6 8 0 2 4 8 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 6 A 9 9 9 0 0 0 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 0 The Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC) co-ordinates and manages the 7 B 9 9 9 0 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 (% of water) • Beginning of ice break-up 9 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 MONARCH-A project. The Project Coordinator is Research Director Prof. Dr. J.A. Johannessen. Siberia North • Open water Coast s=-0,058 R²=0,542 WP 1: Changes in terrestrial carbon and water fluxes (S. Quegan, USFD) Siberia West Coast WP 2: Changes in sea level and ocean circulation (D. Stammer, UHAM) s=0.000 R²=-0.008 Seasonal and inter-annual variability of wet zones extent in Western Siberia WP 3: Changes in marine carbon cycle (T. Johannessen, UiB) Major Russian basins (HydroSHEDS) Kara Sea Coast from radar altimetry and their implication for hydrological modeling WP 4: Synthesis and Interaction with the Scientific Community.(J.A. Johannessen, NERSC) P=-0.005 R²=-0.061 WP 5: Management (J.A. Johannessen, NERSC) Wet zones: 21 watershed of Ob’ river Barents Sea Coast s=-0.013 No River name Watershed area, No River name Watershed 2 WP 1.1 Decadal change in snow properties. R²=0.124 km area, km2 Yenisey ShuchyaShuchya 1 Taz 155666 12 Tym 30902 Samburg WP 1.2 The decadal dynamics of high latitude water bodies Samburg 2 Vakh 76504 13 Ket 94828 Sidorovsk Ob PoluyPoluy PurPur FWS July trend over 1989-2009 (% of water) 3 Pur 103329 14 Vasyugan 63092 Poluy SevernayaSevernaya SosvaSosva PurPur Poluy Urengoy Ob' WP 1.3 Decadal changes in permafrost location and depth s=0.011 NadymNadym TazTaz Nadym LyaminLyamin PimPim 4 TromYugan 51820 15 Bolshoy Yugan 33366 Nadym Pur R²=0.142 KazymKazym NazymNazym TromYuganTromYugan WP 1.4 Land cover and fire and their representation in models 5 Nadym 54152 16 Severnaya Sosva 91149 Poluy Yenisey 6 Poluy 19557 17 Konda 70592 VakhVakh Taz TymTym s=-0.016 Nadym Ob' 7 Shuchya 11831 18 Tavda 86629 KondaKonda WP 1.5 Reanalysis of the water and carbon balances of the major high-latitude catchments and their R²=0.587 TavdaTavda 8 Kazym 34634 19 Tura 78385 Irtysh KetKet BolshoyBolshoy YuganYugan Volga TuraTura link to climate 9 Nazym 11169 20 Om 62734 VasyuganVasyugan VasyuganVasyugan s=-0.012 10 Lyamin 15528 21 Inner watershed 115524 Ob' R²=0.331 11 Pim 12055 OmOm Lena => 9 deliverables in WP 1.1 and WP 1.2 from LEGOS/CNRS s=0.002 InnerInnerInner watershedwatershedwatershed FWS July significant trend over 1989-2009 R²=0.105 FWS July trend per basin Wet zones: inter-annual variations 100 a) Nadym (blue) s n ) o 80 i Pur (red) t % ( a r v r e Poluy (green t e a s with crosses) b w 60 o n c e i Water level variations over the large Arctic rivers and lakes from satellite altimeters r Snow extent, snow depth, dates of start and end of the snow season, and snow water equivalent p Taz (black Wet zones extent (%) t o e with dots) s m i a t 40 l Significant variability from year to year. d a e f s (PNPT) o s o a i l t Over Rivers: exemple for Ob Over Lakes c a 20 Wet zones extent (%) similar in spring Time series by pentads and months from 1989 to 2009 R Global (over 50°N) on EASE-grid ML (25km²) Input to the preparation of 0 and autumn, AltiKa satellite altimetry b) though in volume it is very different ) 5000 d e Nov-2007 Feb-2008 ) r s Snow depth (mm) ( / => need to study water level changes mission 3 4000 m m y ( d a e g 3000 N Combination of static and dynamic algorithm r Discharge a d h n 58 virtual stations c a 2000 s i ) d e u y + Brightness Temperature pentads at 37 and 19 l (NP) l i b 1000 ( a Pur (blue) r d u Nadym (red) Ghz (SSMI-NSIDC) P 0 + Ground Temperature averaged pentads over 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 the period 1983-1994 (ISBA) + Surface Air Temperature pentads (NCEP) Water level (m, over ellipsoid); Averaged data for 2002-2009 OUTLOOKS maximal and minimal values, and seasonal amplitude. Distance in km - starting from the northernmost virtual station 20 • Snow Water Equivalent are compared to models. Date of star of the snow season • Further correlation with river runoff will be made. Average (1987-2008) dates (in pentads since pentad 15 • Fields of surface water extent will be compared to other datasets and 20 years variability will be 42, July 29) of snow appearance. studied more deeply. 10 • SWE will be used to force the hydrological model for 3 watersheds of North-Western Siberia. 5 distance, km Pentad 1st to 5th 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 January 2008 REFERENCES Snow water equivalent -5 + Snow Depth Hmin,m over ellipsoid Bartsch A., D. Sabel, S. Schlaer, 2011, “ SARWater Bodies V1 product guide ”, ESA DUE Permafrost. -10 Hmax Biancamaria, S., N. Mognard, A. Boone, M. Grippa, A. Josberger, 2008, "A satellite snow multi-year average derived from SSM/I for the high latitude + Snow density from ISBA averaged amplitude regions ", Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 112, 2447-2568 pentads over the 1987-2008 period Fily M., A. Royer, K. Gopta and C. Prigent, 2003, “ A simple retrieval method for land surface temperature and fraction of water surface determination -15 from satellite microwave brightness temperatures in sub-arctic areas ”, Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 85, 328- 338. Pentad 20th to 24th Grippa M., N. M. Mognard, T. Le Toan and S. Biancamaria, 2007, “ Observations of changes in surface water over the western Siberia lowland ”, Water level variability (m, above geoid) Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 34, L15403, doi:10.1029/2007GL030165. February 2008 Mialon, A., A. Royer, M. Fily, 2005, “ Wetland seasonal dynamics and interannual variability over northern high latitudes, derived from microwave of the Eurasian lakes and reservoirs. satellite data ”, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 110, D17102, doi:10.1029/2004JD005697.
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