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Estudio Fonológico, Morfológico Y Sintáctico Del Toba Hablado En El Este De La Provincia De Formosa (Argentina) Desde El Enfoque Tipológico Funcional

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Estudio Fonológico, Morfológico Y Sintáctico Del Toba Hablado En El Este De La Provincia De Formosa (Argentina) Desde El Enfoque Tipológico Funcional ESTUDIO FONOLÓGICO, MORFOLÓGICO Y SINTÁCTICO DEL TOBA HABLADO EN EL ESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE FORMOSA (ARGENTINA) DESDE EL ENFOQUE TIPOLÓGICO FUNCIONAL Raúl Eduardo González Tesis Doctoral Presentada a la Facultad de Humanidades de la Universidad Nacional del Nordeste para aspirar al título de DOCTOR EN LETRAS Directora: Dra. Marisa Censabella Universidad Nacional del Nordeste Octubre 2015 “Una vez me preguntaron para qué quiero la tierra y yo les respondí que para estar en ella, porque es mi tierra” Luisa González, Barrio Nam Qom (marzo, 2011). Agradecimientos Este trabajo no hubiera llegado a su fin sin la invaluable ayuda de distintas personas a las que deseo expresar mi más cálido agradecimiento. A los tobas del este de Formosa : Juan Carlos Caballero (padre), Juan Carlos Caballero (hijo) y familia; Luisa González y familia; Doris Corrales y su esposo Manuel Segundo; Cirila Acosta. De barrio Nam Qom , de la ciudad de Formosa.Guillermo Flores; Juan Ballesteros; Luis Corrales y familia; José Vega y Elsa Imen; Juan Marino; Ignacio Reynoso. De colonia aborigen Bartolomé de Las Casas . A todos por tener la inmensa paciencia y generosidad de abrirme las puertas de sus hogares y enseñarme su lengua.A Amancio López, de Nam Qom , por su amistad, su calidez en cada visita, su generosidad sin fin. Por ser mi guía de ruta en el barrio y ayudarme con mi investigación. A Samuel Flores, quien también ha oficiado de guía en varias ocasiones. A Venancio López, de Bartolomé de Las Casas , quien fue mi compañero de ruta en la comunidad. A la comunidad académica y científica : A Marisa Censabella, por haber dirigido esta tesis con tesón y ser quien me introdujo en el camino de la lingüística. A ella debo el haberme dedicado a esta tarea. A Norma Meichtry, porque durante su gestión como Directora del Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas (IIGHI) se crea el Núcleo de Estudios en Lenguas Minoritarias Americanas (NELMA) al cual pertenezco. Sin su visión inclusiva de ciencias como la Lingüística nada hubiera sido posible. A Ana Fernández Garay, por su constante apoyo e incentivo, por ser un modelo a seguir para todos los jóvenes que transitamos hace pocos años el camino de la investigación. A Claudia Valeggia, directora del Programa de Ecología Reproductiva del Chaco Argentino (PERCHA) y Ernesto Ruiz Guiñazú y la Fundación Eco, por haberme ayudado con el hospedaje en algunos viajes a la ciudad de Formosa. A Norberto Lanza, por haberme puesto en contacto con la Fundación Eco y por haber sido un compañero de trabajo siempre dispuesto a dar una mano; por ser de esas personas que no mueren sino que se siembran. A mis compañeros, amigos y conocidos: A Rosita Martínez, por su inmensa ayuda en la traducción y elaboración del corpus, tardes enteras de trabajo. Por su paciencia y su generosidad, y por las risas también. A Belén Carpio, por ser no solamente mi compañera de vida, sino un modelo a seguir en la Lingüística. A mis suegros, Juan y Nelly, quienes me han apoyado incondicionalmente como si fueran mis padres. A Mariano y Javier, dos amigos “arquetipos del nunca aflojarle” como dice Almafuerte, que me han bancado siempre. iii A mis compañeros del NELMA, por los debates e intercambios generados y por hacer del lugar de trabajo un ambiente agradable. A todo el personal de apoyo del IIGHI, por estar siempre para aportar lo que sea necesario. A Patricia Dante, por abrirme generosamente las puertas de su casa durante el curso dictado por Masayoshi Shibatani en la UBA (Buenos Aires), que fue un pilar en mi formación de Posgrado, por todas las gestiones posteriores y por su calidez humana. A Paola Cúneo y todo el equipo de Cristina Messineo, por propiciar afectuosos encuentros en cada congreso. A Emilia Orden, Silvia Spinelli y todo el quipo de Ana Fernández Garay, por hacer que cada congreso compartido sea inolvidable. Por las risas, las carcajadas y los chistes “lingüísticos”. Instituciones: Al Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), ya que esta investigación fue financiada mediante las Becas Doctorales tipo I (abril/2010- abril/2013) y tipo II (abril/2013-abril/2015) que me fueron otorgadas por dicho organismo. Al Insituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas (IIGHI - CONICET), la institución donde se llevó a cabo esta investigación. iv ESTUDIO FONOLÓGICO, MORFOLÓGICO Y SINTÁCTICO DEL TOBA HABLADO EN EL ESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE FORMOSA (ARGENTINA) DESDE EL ENFOQUE TIPOLÓGICO FUNCIONAL Raúl Eduardo González Directora: Dra. Marisa Censabella Esta tesis doctoral aborda el estudio de la lengua toba hablada en el este de la provincia de Formosa (Argentina). Constituye el primer estudio integral, desde el punto de vista lingüístico, de esta variedad de la lengua que coexiste en Formosa con la variedad occidental, aunque ambas son ininiteligibles. La tesis consta de seis capítulos: Capítulo 1 : repasa la literatura etnográfica y sociolingüística referida a los tobas del este de Formosa. Asimismo, menciona los estudios previos existentes de la lengua y establece los fundamentos teórico-epistemológicos generales de la perspectiva tipológico- funcional. Capítulo 2 : presenta las unidades que conforman el sistema fonológico de la lengua toba hablada en el este de la provincia de Formosa, desde un enfoque esencialmente funcionalista. Capítulo 3 : da cuenta de los distintos elementos que componen la frase nominal como ser demostrativos adnominales, pronombres personales y pronombres y adverbios demostrativos. Además, se describe la posesión y las categorías de género y número en la lengua y se incluye un apartado sobre derivación nominal. Capítulo 4 : aborda la descripción de la frase verbal simple como los sistemas de alineación en pronombres libres e índices pronominales, las alternancias de la transitividad, evidencialidad, modalidad epistémica, adverbios, aspecto verbal y la negación. Capítulo 5: presenta el estudio de las cláusulas complejas, considerando específicamente serialización ―asimétrica y simétrica ―, cláusulas de complemento, estrategias de relativización y tipos de coordinantes. Capítulo 6 : sintetiza los aspectos considerados sobresalientes, respecto a la variedad en estudio, teniendo en cuenta aquellos rasgos que singularizan esta variedad y, además, resultan sobresalientes en términos de su potencial de comparación con otras variedades de la lengua toba y las restantes lenguas de la familia guaycurú. Incluye, finalmente, las líneas factibles de investigación a futuro. Palabras Clave: toba del este de Formosa, tipología funcional, transitividad, familia guaycurú. v PHONOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND SYNTACTIC STUDY OF THE TOBA SPOKEN IN EASTERN FORMOSA PROVINCE (ARGENTINA) FROM THE FUNCTIONAL- TYPOLOGICAL APPROACH Raúl Eduardo González Directora: Dra. Marisa Censabella The thesis is a grammar of the language spoken by Toba people from Eastern Formosa (Argentina). It constitutes the first integral linguistic description of this language variety, which coexists with northwestern variety in Formosa. Both varieties are unintelligible and belongs to the guaycuruan continuum family. The thesis consists of six chapters: Chapter 1 : Introduction in which the people whose language is studied are located and described in terms of the socio-cultural interactions with other ethnic groups of the Gran Chaco region, the functional-typological theoretical perspective that guide the whole of the thesis is presented, and the composition of the corpus is explained; Chapter 2 : Phonology refers to the consonantal and vocalic systems and the syllable structure Chapter 3 : Noun phrase deals about demonstratives, gender, number, collective, possession, numerals, quantifiers, nominal derivation. Chapter 4 : Simple verbal phrase in which verbal modifiers that encode person and number of the arguments, transitivity alternations, and grammatical aspect are analyzed. Besides, in order of ease of reading, free pronouns –to be paradigmatically compared to dependent pronouns– and deverbal nominalization –to be compared to the simple clauses they derive from– are described in this chapter; evidenciality and epistemic modality. Chapter 5 : complex clause and clause union deals about verb serialization, complement clause, relativization and coordination. Chapter 6 : Conclusions includes the main ideas of each chapter with focus on the future research perspectives. Finally, one of the narrative texts that compose the corpus is presented with interlinear transcription and Spanish translation. Keywords: Toba of Eastern Formosa, funcional typology, transitivity, guaycuruan family vi Índice 1. Introducción ............................................................................................................1 1.1. El pueblo toba del este de Formosa y su lengua ...................................................1 1.2. Demandas, conflictos y disputas contemporáneas ...............................................9 1.3. Comunidades donde se desarrolló el trabajo de campo ...................................... 11 1.4. Marco teórico-metodológico ............................................................................. 13 1.5. Antecedentes de la investigación y organización de la tesis .............................. .16 1.6. Características del corpus .................................................................................. 18 2. Sistema fonológico ................................................................................................. 21 2.1. Aspectos teóricos .................................................................................................
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