ANTI- NEWS

ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS The newvxpa of the Anti-Apartheid Movent End military links with apartheid All out on March 23 AT least 14 Labour MPs are backing the demonstration called for March 23 against the 's military collaboration with apartheid. They include Frank Allaun, Syndey Bidwell, Norman Buchan, Bryan Davies, Geoff Edge, Andrew Faulds, Nal Kinnock, Stan Newes, Jo Richerdsn, Him Sillars, Dennis Skinner, Syd Tierney, William Wilson and Andrey Wise. Liberal MP Richard Wainwright has also agreed to sponsor the rally. Reports that the government has agreed to licence the sale of spare parts for South Africa's British-built helicopters and Buccaneer aircraft make it more important than ever that there should be a huge turnout on March 23. After the October General Election Labour ministers emphasised the goverinent's support for the arms embarg of South AfricaTin an attempt to divert attention from their failure to carry out Labour Party policy on reducing British economic involvement there. Now it is backtracking even on the arms embargo. Supplying spare parts for helicopters and military aircraft is a direct intervention on the side of the Vorster government in its war against the black majority. Helicopters were used recently to control strikers in Natal and are being used against African freedom fighters in northern Namibia (). Leading trade unionists Ken Gill, General Secretary of AUEW (TASS), Alex Kitson, Transport and General Workers Union National Officer, Ray Buckton, General Secretary of the locomen's union ASLEF, Alan Sapper, General Secretary of ACTT and Alan Fisher, General Secretary'of NUPE are now backing the rally. The Anti-Apartheid Movement asks all its members and supporters to show. their opposition to British military aid to South Africa and their support for the liberation movements by joining the demonstration on March 23. Organisations represented on the, L, March 23 Mobilising Committee include the Anti-Apartheid Movement, NUS, Communist Party, International Socialists. International Marxist Group, UNA International Service, Student Christian Movement, Labour Action for Peace, World Development Movement and Westminster Trades Council. The demonstration will set off from Speakers Corner, Hyde Park at 1.30 pm and march to Trafalgar Square for a rallyat 3 pm. Speakers so far confirmed are Nigetia's UN ambassador Edwin Ogbu, Bill Ronksley of the locomen's union ASLEF and Abdul Minty, Hon. Secretary of Anti-Apartheid ar-ure y chins Cornwell Demonstrators picketed South Africa House in London in February to demand the release of Bram Fischer. Story, page 3. Tortured black leaders face Vorster 'justice' LEADERS of the black militants detained in South Africa after pro-FRELIMO rallies last September have now been charged under the Terrorism Act and will appear in court in Pretoria on March 12. Charges against them include allegations that they * tried to 'transforq the State by unconstitutional, violent or revolutionary means' - persuaded blacks of the need for violent revolution , - fostered feelings of racial hatred by blacks towards whites. Theywere among about 40 people who were detained in police swoops last September, October and November, all of whom have been held in solitary confinement ever since. Many of-thie detainees have been badly beaten by police and at least one has had his knees broken and is unable to walk. As a result of police intimidation some of the detainees are expected to appear as state witnesses against those who have been charged. One of those accused, Saths Cooper, a former official of the Black People's Convenion. is known to have had an epileptic fit the begisming of February. But hi family has been refused permission to see him. His wife Vino has also been detained. When the accused appeared in court to hear the charges against them on February 7 their lawyer told the magistrate that they had again been assaulted that morning. They entered and left the court singing a pro-FRELIMO song and giving clenched fist salutes. The public gallery of the court, which normally seats 30, was crowdeo with about 150 supporters of those on trial. Eighteen other people who were arrested after last September's pro-FRELIMO rallies and charged under .the Riotous Assemblies Act are to appear in court on March 3. planned in Britain There will be a picket to mark the opening day of the trial of those charged under the Terrorism Act on March 12, 12.30-1.30 pin outside South Africa House, Trafalgar Square, 4,ondon. Scottish students at Glasgow, Edinburgh, Stirling and Dundee Universities will hold demonstrations onMarch f2 in support of those accused. Pickets are also being planned in other major centres. Details from SATIS, c/o Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St., London WIP 2DQ. Tel. 01-580- 5311. In this issue: SA's legal terrorism -how Vorster outlaws all opposition AN UNKNOWN number of black militants detained under the Terrorism Act are to stand trial on charges of contravening the Act on March 12. ALBIE SACHS describes the provisions of the Terryrism Act and how it outlaws all opposition to apartheid, page 3 Divide and rule in Namibia - SWAPO leader speaks SWAPO (South West African People's Organisation) leader JOHN OTTO visited Britain in January. In an exclusive interview he talks to ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS about the current situation in Namibia (South West Africa), page 5 Legacy of colonialism -famine threatens in Mozambique THE CAPE Verde Islands and parts of Mozambique are threatened by famine unless emergency action is taken to feed the people there. A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT explains how the situation is the direct consequence of colonialism and describes how well-wishers of the former Portuguese colonies can help, page 9 Inside Smith's gaols -eyewitness report THE SUNDAY People carried a recent expose of extreme and daily brutality inside Smith's prisons in Zimbabwe (Rhodesia). JOHN SPRACK argues that the only way to combat thisbrutality is to support the struggle of the Zimbabwe people, page 6 Don't emigrate to sunny South Africa WHITE workers who emigrate to South Africa play a direct part in maintaining the apartheid system. ROD PRITCHARD, Anti-Apartheid Movement Officer, calls on British trade unionists to step up the campaign against emigration to South Africa, Namibia (South West Africa) and Zimbabwe, pages 6 and 7 Education for aparU" EDUCATION in South Atrica is rigidly segregated. Whites are taught to rule and blacks trained to become part of South Africa's cheap labour stipply. A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT describes how the system works and outlines plans made by a recently set up group within the Anti-Apartheid Movement to campaign against education for apartheid, page 10

Anti-Apartheid News March 197 5Pag Society of Graphical and Allied Trades supports the Anti-Apartheid Movement in its campaign against apartheid and for the release of political prisoners. It calls for the ending of all military and economic collaboration with countries practising apartheid. It reaffirms its support for all liberation movements who are striving to obtain freedom and social justice for all peoples irrespective of creed or colour. W. H. Keyes, General Secretary THE TECHNICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPERVISORY SECTION OF THE AUEW supports the Anti-Aparteil Mavanent in its campaign against apartheid and for the release of Southern African political prisoners. We call on aN trade unionists to support the Sharpeville Day rally in Trafalgar Square on March 23. Ilarry Seager Acting President Ken Gil kenral Secretary ..r Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen is totally opposed to the apartheid system and calls for support from all trade unionists for " the release of all political prisoners " an end to all military collaboration " and full support for the liberation struggle for democracy and freedom R.W. BUCKTON, GENERAL SECRETARY FILM AND TELEVISION TECHNICIANS OF ACTT Support the Anti-Aparthed Movement & the Sharpeville Day march For 5 years we have banned all work on film and TV in South Africa What has your union done? Association of Cinematograph,Television and Allied Technicians General Secretary Alan Sapper THE SOCIETY OF POST OFFICE EXECUTIVES supports the Anti-Apartheid Movement in its strins against apartheid and calls on all trade unions to support the rally on March 23 1960-1975 15 Years since Sharpeville Support the March 23 rally and Fight Apartheid AUEW (TASS), Onslow Hall, Little Green, Richmond, Surrey. ASTMS City Branch APEX HOLBORN TUPS BRANCH SUPPORTS THE STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY AND FREEDOM IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

Vorster rejects pleas to free Bram Fischer OVER 200 people picketed the South African Embassy in London on February 10 to demand the release of Bram Fischer who is dying of cancer in a Pretoria prison hospital. Turned down With complete callousness the South African Minister of Justice again turned down an appeal from Bram Fischer's family at the beginning of February that he should be allowed to go home. Those caling for his release at the picket included Labour MP and NEC member Frank Allaun, Communist Party General Secretary John Golian and the Chairman of the Central Committee of the South African Communist Party Dr. Yusuf Dadoo. Support Messages of support for the demonstration came from Labour MPs Arthur Latham, Russell Kerr, Millie Miller, Neil Kinnock and Andrew Faulds and from Liberal MP David Steel. Organisations whose members joined the' picket included the United Nations Association, the Haldane Society, NUS, Rachel MeMillan College of Education and ISE Student Unions, London branches of the Communist Party and local anti-apartheid groups in London. The picket was organised by the Anti- Apartheid Movement. In on February 6 an all-day vigil calling for Brain Fischer's release was held outside the South African Airways office. Many groups and individuals have sent their own cables and letters asking for Brain Fischer to be freed to the South African Embassy or to the Vorster government in Pretoria. They include Hemel Hempstead Constituency Labour Party, Finchley and North Kensington branches of the Communist Party, Barnet Anti-Apartheid Group and students from Ruskin College, Oxford. UN The South African Communist Party has sent telegrams to the UN and the OAU urging them to support demands for the release of Bram Fischer and of all South African political prisoners. Brain Fischer was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1966 for lis work in support of the African liberation struggle. He has spent nine years in Pretoria Local prison. Brain Fischer was sentenced to life imprisonment in 1966 for his work in support of the African liberation struggle. He has spent the last nine years in Pretoria Local Prison. Defence From 1956-60 he helped con. duct the defence in the South African Treason Trial. In 1964 he led the defence team in the where and other African National Congress leaders were goaled for life. He was a leading member of the Picture by Chris Cornwell Labour MP Frank Allaun was one of over 200 people demanding the release of Brain Fischer outside South Africa House on February 10 South African Communist Party and remained on its Central Committee when the party was banned and forced underground in 1950. He was first arrested in 1964 but How Vorster outlaws all opposition to apartheid ON MARCH 12 another trial of opponents of apartheid on charges under the/Terrorism Act will open in Pretoria. ALBIE SACHS shows how the Act is designed to crush all opposition to apartheid. THE TERRORISM Act was passed in 1967 to give the authorities the Videst possible powers to combat organised anti-apartheid activities. Statutes It was the culmination of a series of statutes starting with the Suppression of Act of 1950, designed to suppress political action taken outside the prescribed whitecontrolled channels. , Its immediate target was the growing resistance in Namibia to South Africa's illegal occupation, but its trms were wide enough to be used as the basis for all major political repression over the past five years. Section 6 Section 6 of the Act gives the security police power to detain persons suspected of being terrorists or knowing about terrorism, and to. held them for indefinite questioning in solitary confinement. No information need be given to anyone about detainees, and no court may intervene on the detainees' behalf. Witnesses Men and women have been held under this section for years before being brought to trial or put on the stand as a witness for the State. The courts appear mostly to be only too willing to accept the evidence of State witnesses who after torture and prolonged isolation are brought straight from the cells to the courtroom where they ae confronted with the choice of denouncing their former associates or themselves facing endless further persecution and impisoniment. Tainted When Professor Barend Van Niekerk of Natal University-Law Department suggested that the courts should as a matter of tourse reject such evidence as inherently tainted, he was himself prosecuted and convicted for interfeting with the administration of justice. 'Terrorism' is defined by the Act in terms so wide as to include any act likely to embarrass the State. It covers not only armed insurgency but the organisation of strikes, interference with traffic the calling of economic boycotts and writing sio- gans on a wall. Once the prosecution proves a minimum amount of evidence against the accused, the onus is placed on the defence to prove a number of stipulated defences beyond a reasonable doubt. Hearsay Trials can be held in any part of the country and ae normally not preceeded by any preliminary examination. The rules of evidence are also changed to permit documents which otherwise would be regarded as heeMay to be put in by the prosecution as proof of their contents. Torture A vigilant judiciary could have done something to mitigate the harshoess of the Act by vigorously inveitigatingilegations of torture and refusing to convict on the sole testimony of witnesses subject to detention. But on the whole the judges have been willing and compliant implementors of the Act. South Africa SOUTH Africa is to build its own missile-launching ships, according to an announcement by Minister of Defence. P.W. Botha at the begining o February. He said that the decision to build was grantea bail and permission to go to London to argue a law suit. He returned to South Africa and worked underground until, he was captured in November 1965. US visitors attack arms embargo THE ARMS embargo and other moves to isolate South Africa were attacked by a Party of six pro-South African US congressmen who visited the Republic-in January. The Party's leader, Congressman Bob Wilson, said: "These sanctions, such as the arms embargo, were the central theme of our discussions." He also announced that he wanted to bring an official committee to South Africa to explore the possibility of using Simonstown as an American naval base. Congressman Wilson is a member of the US House of Representatives Armed Services Committee. The Congressmen's trip was arranged as a result of a chance remark at a South African Embassy party, according to Congressman Wilson, and was hosted by a Pretoria busiessman Warner Ackermans. Bob Wilson's final comment on the trip'was: "Radicals broadcast a lot of misinformation about South Africa, but from what we have seen we would all choose South Africa as our second country." Dominica militant must not hang DEMANDS in Britain are growing for the release of Desmond Trotter, a young progressive sentenced to hang in the West Indies island of Dominica after being framed on a murder charge. He was convicted of the murder of an American tourist who died after being shot in the leg and deprived of medical attention for 24 hours although he had been taken to hospital. The chief witness against him was an Antiguan girl who was under arrest for possessing Marijuna and overstaying her residence permit, and who later said that she had been intimidated by police into signing a statement accusing Desmond Trotter of the killing. At a meeting to mobilise support for Desmond Trotter at the Keskidee Centre in London on February 9 Victor Bradousille, a Dominican trade unionist, described how Desmond Trotter's conviction was part of a systematic campaign by the Dominican authorities to intimidate and discredit the island's progressive movement. Maurice STyles of the Union of Post Office Workers accused British companies like Cadbury-Schweppes and the Dutch-owned Van Grest banana firm of being the main exploiters of Dominican workers. Desmond Trotter's "crime," he said, was to expose the role played by these companies. lock Stallard MP for St. Pancras North, said he had written to the Home Office and the Foreign Office asking for a pardon for Desmond Trotter if his appeal against sentence was dismissed Aithea Jones of the Caribbean People's Solidarity Campaign, dcribed how Desmond Trotter was pert of a growing movement throughout the Caribbean which was acting against exploitation. Messages of support for Desmond Trotter and offers of help in the campaign for his release should 1, sent to: Caribbean People's Solidarity Campaign, 37 Tollington Park, London NA. Tel. 10-272-0594 Israel-SA trade up THE ISRAEL-South Africa Chamber of commerce has announced a sharp increase in trade between the two countries. According to figures released by the Chambers, two-way trade has shot up from £5.6 million in 1973 to £14 million in 1974. The Chamber has told Israeli manufacturers that the recent increase in gold prices has improved South African purchasing power by 40 per cent "thus turning the Republic into a most lucrative market." tObuild missile-launch ships sophisticated naval vessels in South years time. They are to be built in Africa for the first time follows Durban. studies overseas by a team of navy At a press conference Botha annand Armament Board personnel. ounced: "These vessels will be equiSouth Africa will have six missile pped with the most modern guided ships, operational in two to three missiles systems."

- support the liberation struggle in Southern Africa end to joint naval manoeuvres short term need as far as the West is concerned is to recreate the lost stability. The most rational move would be to ditch the Smith regime in Zimbabwe, to divide Namibia into Bantsians along tribal ins, to libealise a few of the pettier aspects oif apartheid in the hope of buying off white consiences-abroad, and give nothing slse away. Labour If this is the kind of solution the West will be seeking, then it is more important than ever that the Labour government is not allowed to break its election pledges on ending military collaboration and on reducing British economic involvement in apartheid. Simonstown Although the-egovernment baa, announced that it will renegotiate the Simostown agreement with a view to ending it, Defence Minister Roy Mason has specfically said that British ships will continue to use Simonstown 'in need'. He did there would be no more joint exercises. It is likely that military collaboration, if it continues -will present a more acceptable face, with no more gaffes like the 2 1-gun salute and the banquet of last September. Even without the frills though, the effect would be just the same. Struggle Whatever picture finally emerges, the West will not give up without a struggle., There is too much at stake. British military collaboration with apartheid is not yet finished; that particular campaign needs to be fought to the finish. The black people of' South Africa are still repressed by the most brutal state apparatus. Freedom Therefore the policy of the March 23 demonstration must be fought for; the ending of military coltaboration with apartheid, victory to the liberation movements in fouth Africa, Namibia and Zimbabwe and full freedom and democracy for the peoples of Southern Africa. strating on March 23 emigrationtoSAfriiwagainste ca pplication to Immigration d by "a very the applicant from which and he and personally ally trained fficer before y alowed in to the st baion of Western' ,n t dark continent ter egime's campaign ritish workers to the a subtle and organised dition to the eight recruiing centres in ciis throughout th Afican firms send iting issions to enrol rkers from areas 'eon depression or Col-smining areas ndusy is being run xaple, have proved ipopular with mises. L abour Government ts ,ebargo on arms uth Africa in 1968, dele in Portsmouth announced that they were to lay off 1,200 workers. The Atlas Aircraft Corporation of South Africa lost no time in sending over a recruiting team to persuade some of them to go and build jets for the South African Airforce in Johannesburg instead. At the time of the Rolls Royce collapse in 1971, local papers in Derby carried a spate of advertisements for a whole range.of skilled jobs in South Africa. Majority The black majority in Southern Africa opposes white immigration, and supports efforts overseas to discourage it. The African National Congress, te South African Congress of Trade Unions, the Black People's Convention and the South African Students' Organisatios, have all called for action to isolate apartheid in this and other spheres. These calls have been supported intemationally by the United Nations, the International Labour Office, the World Council of Churches, and at Geneva in June 1973 by representatives of 180 million workers from ICFTU, WFTU, and WCL affiliated unions Drives These recruitment drives continue, despite the present Labour Government's unambiguous statements of opposition to apartheid in their Programme for Britain, 1973. Recruitment for jobs in Rhodesia is in even more blatant disregard of British Government policy and, quite simply, is totally illegal. Yet it goes on. Since Ian Smith declared UDI in 1965, the success of the Smith regime's bid to create a second apartheid state in Rhodesia, and to cock a snook at the mainstream of world opinion, has in large part rested upon a programme of encouraging white immigration. attending the International Trade of Churches, the National Union Southern Africa. Even the 1973 Union Conference Against of Students, and, since the 1969 TUC delegation to SouthAfrica, Apartheid. Congress,the TUC,allhave saidinitsreport:'TheTUC In Britain, the British Council policies opposing emigration to General Council should declare on as to rt term perswithin the continent. ortugal last ngth of the s in Portachanged this in of Angola changed the ire has now gime in Zimh Africa itu been dese the major Trade unionists, Labour activists and students mobilise for the March 23 demonstration PRINTWORKERS, train drivers and post office engineers have all been asked by their unions to support the March 23 demonstration against British military collaboration with South Africa. Unions Other unions which have cirecularised members asking them to turn out on March 23 are the clerical workers union CPSA, AUEW (TASS) and SPOE (Society of Post Office Executives). The Greater London Labour Labour Party Party is to ask London CLPs to mobilise their members for the demonstration and the Labou Party Young Socialists have circularised all branches. The Communist Party has distributed over 60,000 leaflets calling for support for the rally to its members. Coaches have already been booked to bring Communists from Wales, Kent and Yorkshire to the demonstration. The International Marxist Group and International Socialists have also circularised branches calling on them to march on March 23. NUS The National Union of Students has called on its 600,000 members to support the demonstration. So far coaches have been booked to bring students from Leeds University, touthampton University, Kingston Polytechnic and Brunel University. Scottish students are also.mobilisigl fos the demonstraion. London students will hold a special meeting on March 1 to 'organise support for the rally. Local anti-apartheid groups which have already booked coaches to bring members to the demonstration include Southampton, Hemel Hempstead and the Coventrv Defence Committee. Co-op The London Co-operative Society Political Committee is giving its full support to the demonstration and has called on all London co-operators to attend. Liberation has sent leaflets to .all its members asking them to turn out on March 23. The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament has also circularised its members asking them to take part in the rally. UNA Other organisations who are mobilising their supporters to come to the demonstration include the United Nations Association, UN Youth and Students Association, Fellowship of Reconciliation, Portuguese Workers Coordinating Committee, Third World First, Committee for Freedom in Mozambique, Angola and Guine, Naibia Support Group and BIT Information Service. The World Development Movement has distributed 5000 leaflets and members in Rug1y have booked a coach to briogthem to London on March 23. Organese to defeat racks and apartheid. Mobilise now for March 23 Leaflets and stickers availablefrom 23 March Mobilising Committee. c/o Anti-Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St., London W.I. Tel. 01-580-5311 firmly against the emigration of white workers to South Africa in view of the availability of black workers for and training and should recommend accordingly to affiliated unions and the TUC.' Emigration Trade unionists can do lot to stop emigration to racist Southern Africa; Wmure that your trade union journal carries no advertisemerits for South African jobs. 6Ask your union to produce a leaflet setting out the facts about the apartheid economy and opposing emigration, for circulation to Branches. 4Some trades unions are already considering a policy of barring from membership any of their members who enigrate toSouthern Africa, but then decide to return. elf you know of anyone who is considering emigrating to South Africa or Rhodesia make sure he or she knows the facts of the case against apartheid. Literature is available from the Antiapartheid Movement eDoes your union branch, trades council, federation of trades councils, regional TUC have policies opposed to recruitment in your area? If not, press for such policies to be adopted. elf you hear of any attempts at recruitment in your area, please send information immediately to the Anti- Apartheid Movement. *Join the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Your union branch or trades council can also affliate. It will keep you informed on this and other campaigns to end British collaboration with racist Southern Africa.

Smith regime tries to break unity of liberation movements ON DECEMBER 11 lan Smith made one of his "Addresses to the Nation". In it he announced that he had "received assurances to the effect that terrorist activities will cme immediately". Since then the white minority regime has made great play with the alleged breaking of a ceasefire agreemint by Zimbabwean freedom fighters. The reason given by the regime for its decision to stop the release of detainees was that the guerrillas had ,not stopped their activities. No agreement In fact it is quite clear that Smith was playing his old game of putting words into other people's mouths without their agreement. On December 12 the Chairman of the African National Council, Bishop Muzorewa, read a statement which said that the ANC had pledged itself to "instruct all freedom fighters in Rhodesia to suspend fighting as soon as a date for negotiations has been fixed." This statement was signed by Bishop Muzorewa, Ndabaningi Sithole, Joshua Nkomo - and James Chikerema (February ANTIAPARTHEID NEWS). Surrender The interpretation which the regime has put on the ceasefre is tantamount to a complete surrender. Within a day or so of Smith's announcement, Rhodesian airforce planes were dropping leaflets in the north east of the couotry sayisg that the war was over and that the nationalist leaders were free. The leaflets called on the guerrillas to cross the border into Mozambique or to surrender themselves and their arms to the Rhodesian security forces. Leaflets A freedom fighter who surrendered to the regime after reading one of these leaflets was sent to prison for five years at the beginning of January for taking. part in an attack on a police post. At the end of January the regime was in "full control of the situation". It called on rural Africans "to help peace in their areas by reporting the presence of terrorists to the security forces and by advising the terrorists to give themselves up or to leave th6 country immediately." The leaflet added that "if the terrorists fall to do this, they will be killed." Divisive tacticS At tie same time, the regime has also' tnlid to divide th two major natlisnallat groups, ZAPU and ZANU, by saying that ZAPU has been. observing the ceasefire while ZANU has not. This -statement is not true. Agreement ignored For example, on January 1 a train travelling from Bulawayo to Victoria Falls had to stop six and a half miles before its destination because of a mine on the track. This is an area sn which ZAPU guerrillas operate. T.G. Silundika, one of the leaders of ZAPU, stated at the end of Janaury "There is no question of os laying down arms as long as the enemy carsies a gun, and no cease fire can be expected to be carried out which the enemy does not observe." In other ways the regime has completely failed to carry out its side of the Lusaka agreement. According to both the ANC in Salisbury and well informed sources in Zambia, the Rhodesians made a seven-point undertaking: * the immediate release of all political detainees and people in "protected villages" * the release of all political prisoners * the remission of death sentences on political prisoners * an -end to political trials Sa general amnesty for all exiled Zimbabweans who were alleged to have committed political crimes * the lifting on the ban on ZAPU and ZANU * the creation of conditions for free political activity The liberation mvoement agreed to an informal ceasefire tillla date for negotiations was decided on, as well as a conference "without preconditions." It is clear that all that Smith has carried out is a small part of the first undertaking. To those who have followed the situation in Rhodesia, this is scarcely surprising. Smith determined The regime is determined to hang on to power until it is physically thrown out. It has only agreed to any talks under severe pressure. It will only keep its word if a pistol is put to its head. It is clear however that theliberation movementis not going to be divided, or to give up its struggle. How guerrilla war is being fought in Zimbabwe "Politics and Violence in Rhodesia" describes how Frolii recruited public libraries shoi by Tony Kirk in African Affairs, some of their members. He describes order copiesofthisiJ Volume 74 (January 1975) 3 - 38 the treatment ofthe captured guer- be read by all memb ALTHOUGH the freedom struggle rillas in the Rhodesian courts. Apartheid MOvemen in Rhodesia has now been taken to In particular, he ebews how the concerned about the the political level by the unwilling, Rhodesian legal system is a "mere in Zimbabwe decision by the Rhodesian Front tool", administering a white system regime to release some African lead- of law quite alien to Africans. He ers, it is based upon a guerrilla stru- tells about the repercussions for the ggle which has been fought to vary- FROLIZI leadership when the "falig degrees by the three external urn of the mission became evident. N aval liberation movements. But the guts of the article is the FROLIZI (the Front for the lib- description of the attempt by the eration of Zimbabwe) is the smallest gserrilas to act as mobile groups, A frica and least effective of them. It has attacking the regime's weak points, sent only one group across the Zam- and trying to gain recruits for their PATRICK Wall MP bezi. This article by Tony Kirk is an cause. At the time, these groups Africa's most hards attempt to reconstruct, mainly caused a near panic among Europ- relations men, spent from trial reports, what happened e.s inSalisburyandinthe Midlanda, Republic in Januar to this group. However theydid not have the dated on the counts For some reason, the regime al- political groundwork prepared in and political situat 'owed more information to be re- the way ZANU guerrillas had in the spent a week in RI leased in the trial report than usual, north east. Tony Kirk ends by say- During his "unof and even allowed the general public lag that the subsequent bickering had talks with the into the final dayof one of the among the FROLIZI leadership "can- South African Defe mas tr ,a notdetractfromthecourageofthe miralBierman,the The author, a white Rhodesian men who died or from the underly- fence P.W. Botha, t who has clear liberal sympathies, Ing justice of their struggle for self Navy Vice Admiral writes vividly and with compassion determination of the black popula- and Nationalist, Un about the fortunes of the two tion inRhodesia". ressivePartypolitii groups which were formed after Regrettably, single copies of Commentingon they had crossed into Rhodesia. He African Affairs cost £2.00.However id be used to oumal. It should era of the Antiwho are really armed stuggle More freedom fighters hanged THE SMITH regime haged two more freedom fighters at the end of January. They were Mahobo Kaborido and Eriya Kamire of the Mzarbant Tribal Trust Land. They were convicted in December of helping guerrillas to kill three African officials of the Smithregsime Women join SA airforce THE SOUTH African Air Fore has' recruited its third batch of women trainees - 52 of them, the largest group so far. According to an Air Force spokesmanmost will become-clerks, radar operators and flight controllers. and the rationale behind their recruitment is that they will release men "vitally needed in other sect rs", Rhodesian labour for SA goldmines bUTl -African gold minesa are to iecruit atleaI 20,O0blackiines a year from Rhodesia, under a contract signed at the end of Janugry Unrest at appallingly low levels of pay and working and living conditions have been growing in the past year and the gold mines are now facing a chronic shortage of labour - one estimate is that the mines now have only 72 per cent of the miners they need to work underground (February ANTI- APARTHEID NEWS). Latest blow to the gold mining industry was Malawi's decision to stop recruitment of Malawlans. Under the contract signed with Rhodesia, the Smith regime will provide a minimum of 20,000 sisera a year for the next five years, The contract was signed between the South African miners re' cruiting Organisation WENELA and the Smith regime's Deputy Secretary for Labour and Social Welfase, RI. Ravenscroft. According to the regime recruiting for the nines will be restncte to Salisbury, Bulawayo and Fort Victori an tribal trust land in the north of the country. Kees Maxey aircraft for South . says Tory MP one of South that his main interest was the rorking public "maritime situation", and that a week in the this made it imperative that Briy. getting up- tais should supply naval aircraft y's "maritime to South Africa. ion". He also "I have been fighting for the hidesia. saleofBuccaneer and Nimrod airfical" visit, he craft to South Asnca io, some time:* Chief of the he added. "Both these could form a nce Forde Ad- key part in the maritime defence of Minister of De- the Cape sea route". he Chief of the Patrick Wallis Vice Chairman of James Johnson the Conservative Party Defence Coited and prog- mmittee as wes as servmg on other ns. parliamentary bodies concerned with his trip he said defence. 'Namibian Pe( SWAPO leader 3,, will win' SWAPO (South West African People% Organisation) leader John Otto visited London in January. He was elected Deputy Secretary-General of -SWAPO in 1969 and was one of 37 Namibian freedom fighters tried under the Terrorism Act. In 1973 he was rearrested afterleading the, boycott of stooge elections in the Ovambo . in an interview with ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS he described how the South African authorities have set out to crush all opposition inside Namibia. Why did you leave Namitia? The situation inside Nanibia has been going ftem bad to worse. We finally left because we received reliable information that the South African authorities planned to assassinate SWAPO leaders. The tribal chiefshave beenunsuccessful in their attempts to break SWAPO. People have been flogget, imprisoned and detained. The South African became desperate, and we obtained details of their plan to assassinate some SWAPO leaders and arrest the entire SWAPO leadership. This time we knew it was not a joke. War this the only reason for the mars exodus? We also heard that the South Africans were preparing to force the people into the army. They were planning to use our young people in Caprivi as a shield against SWAPO would fighters. Those who refused would have been thrown into concentration camps. This is why many young people had no choice but to flee. What is the role of the chiefs in the Ovambo Bantustan? They ae stooge for the South Africans. Many of them are illiterate and do not realise what they are doing. Thdy now have a tribal police force of over 600 - educated people are not allowed to join. They are given five or six weeks training by white South Africans dulring which they are brainwashed into hating their. own people. They are told that they must eliminate SWAPO and all educated Africans. After their training they are given rifles. Two months after the police force was formed, they had already shot and wounded four people. 1973 was an important year for Namibia. What happened?1973 was a black year for SWAPO Six hundred people were arrested, many were tortured. Our leaders were detained under the Emergency Regulations and over 100 SWAPO supporters were flogged. South African soldiers were sent into Nasm-bin to take" over from the police. They did these things because SWAPO was organising a boycott of the elections for the Bantustan legislative assembly. Despite the intimidation the boycott was successful. What about recent elections in the Ovambo Bantustan? It is clear that the South AFrican government held these eleetions bemae it wanted to destroy SWAPO. SWAPO ignored the regulations and held public meetings but may of our s pporters were arreted, One SWAPO public meeting was broken up by the police. People were intimidated into voting. In particular they could not register for work unless they had voted. This frightened many into voting who would not otherwise have done so But the South Africans claim a 50 per cent poll. We do not believe them, What will he the future of S WAFt.P0 SWAPO is leading the resistance to South African rule. It is a hard struggle and we have to unite the people. SWAPO members have made many sacrifices: they have been arrested, tortured, flogged and some have even died. But the Namibian people will be victorious. US oil companies pull out of Namibia VOUR US oil companies have which also involved theStandard now announced that they are pull Oi Company of California and the ing out of Namibia (SW Africa) South African state corporation after pressure from church groups, SWAKOR. Texaco informed the The companies are Texaco, the Church Project of Getty Oil Company and Phillips investments in Southern Africa of Petroleum Company. They were its decision. all involved in offshore oil pros- The Continental Oil Company pecting ventures, withdrew from Namibia last OctThe latest company to with- ober. Getty and PhillipsPetrolemn draw is Texaco, which had a 45 - informed church groups of their per cent share in a consortium decision to pull out in January. Namibia Support Committee plans new campaigns THE FRIENDS of Namibia Com- eloping new areas of support work mittee, after discussion on how it e4. in trade mions, the labour movcan most effectively support the lib- ement, students etc. As a reflection eration struggle in Namibia, recog- of the qualitative change in policy aises that the new situation in the committee which will coordinate Southern Africa calls for broader support for SWAPO will be called based action and more intensive the Namibia Support Committee solidaritywork with SWAPO with offices at 21/25 Tabernacle St. To this end the committee is dev- EC2. Tel. 01-588 4342 South Bank Poly Southern Africa week SOUTH Bank Polytechnic Students last December, a showing of the Union is planning a Southern Africa film 'Last Grave at Dimbaza' and a week March 3-10. The week will teach-in on British involvement in include a showing of a video tape of Southern Africa. Angela Davis speaking in London Demonstratos picketed the auction sales of karaku illegally exported from Namibia in the City of London in February "End illegal trade"say protesters HUDSON'S Bay and Annings, the South Africa. objective - no more Namibian international fur trading company, On the last day of the sale the karakul sales in London. The fur was picketed for two days in picket swelled to over 50 demon- trade plays an important part in February as part of an ongoing strators who argued with buyers as Namibia's whitecontrolled econcampugn against the auction of they came out of the auctio. omy. It is totally orientated to the karakul pelts from Namibia (South Karakul pelts from Namibia are sld export market and so is a valuable WestAfrica). foruptothreetimesthemonthly assettotheillegalracistregime. The picket was organiged by the wage paid to the African labourers Protesters in Denmark have Namibia Support Coinittee who work on the farms where they already forced the fur compames to (formerly Friends of Namibis), the are produced. The trade thrives on stop holding karakul auctions in Anti- Apartheid Movement,UJNYSA profits from apartheid labour: Copenhagen. and Na riba Action Group. poQety wages for Namibian farm The next karakul auction to be Buyers going in and out of the workers ensure a handsome profit held in London is scheduled for auction were met with placards, for the white karakul farmers and May 6-9. banners and leaflets demanding an tle auctior companies. Contact: Namibia Support Conend to the illeial trade in karakul Pressure on the auctions must be mittee, 21/25 Tabernacle Street, and the occupation of Namibia by stepped up in order to achieve the London E.C.2. Tel. 01 -5884342 UN Council plans to seize raw* Namibia The South African government is at present intensifying its development of nuclear technology and it would be most improbable if this was solely for peaceful purposes. It is collaborating directly with a West German company STEAG in building a nuclear enrichment plant but other countries involved are Britain and Japan. It would be very surprising if the South Africans were not benefiting, directly or indirectly, from their collaboration with RTZ for the development of their own nuclear technology - and probably their own nuclear weaponry. Nuclear Energy With Britain them ro g, balan intensification of pressure o r ti* government to terminate # c. trct and to end all forms ofcoltaoration concerning nuclear_and atomic energy. Meanwhile support must be given to the UN Council for'Namibia in its plans to seize shipments from Namibis. It would be ionic if the government, having explicitly broken its undetaking, loand that when shipments begin in i976 they are seized and handed over to SWAPO. UN COMMISSIONER for Namibia (South West Africa), Sean MacBride, is reported to be considering ways in which raw materials being ilegally exported from Namibia can be seized. The UN General Assembly's lecent endorsemeit of plans made by the UN Council for Namibia concerning such shipments is now almost certainly going to lead to a major confrontation. Uranium Uranium exports to Britain will undoubtedly be one of the major targets. The British government has now made it clear that it has no intention of cancelling the contract between the UK Atomic Energy Authority and Rio Tinto-Zinc-eich commits the UKAEA to the porchse of an estimated 7000 tons of uranium from the Rowing Uranium mine in Namibia between. 1967 and 1982. The RTZ-UKAEA contract has been the subject of mish dispute since it was initially endorsed by the Labour government in 1970. Subsequently the Minister concerned, Anthony Wedgewood-Beun, alleged that "neither the UKAEA nor RTZ were altogether candid" with the government and promised that a future Labour government would terminate the contract. Rossing The Contract was regarded, as being vital for the viability of the whole Rossing project. The oing has estimated reserves of 100,000 tons, but the concentration is low, only 0.35 per cent uranium oxide. RTZ has collaborated in the project with the para-statpl Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa, General Mining and the French company TOTAL to form a locally based company Rosing Uaium. It is now expected that the mine will become operational in 1976. When the British government announoed last December that it regarded South Africa's occupation of Namibia as illegal, it was assumed that the government would have to review the contract. It seems that cancellation charges and the need for guaranteed uranium supplies have forced the government to ignote its commitment to end the contract. There is increasing speculation that these were not the sole reasons. materials exported from

Famine threatens Africans uprooted by colonialism THE THREAT of famine has hit parts of Mozambique and Cape Verde Islands. A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT ftom GAMMA (Guinea Angola Mozambique Medical Action) describes how the famine is the direct result of post colonial exploitation and appeals for aid for reconstruction. SIXTEEN million Africans in Mozambique, Angola, Guinea Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands have recently won a great victory over Portuguese colonialism. But the-Portuguese, having exploited and neglected these countries for centuries, left heavy burdens - all the effects of underdevelopment, such as illiteracy, lack of health care, agricultural stagnation and poor communications. The isolated hackward areas such as northern Mozambique, the smallest of the Cape Verde lalands, eastern Angola, suffered the most. These areas are now the responsibility of the parties that led the armed struggle: FRELIMOin Mozambique, PAIGC in Guinea Bissau and the Cape Verde Islands and MPLA in Angola. Tliy have pledgea, themselvetto thefeconstruction of these regions, indeed t6 national reconstrucfion. As if this task were not hard enough, there is now a cissiztuationin Mozambique and Cape Verde. Stir- vation is threatening 400,000 people and this jeopardises the mov-. ements' plans for a new lifein these areas. This crisis situation arises directly from the Portuguese policy of 'population control, a policy of moving peasants from their land into concentration camps (strateglc hamlets or aldamentos) where simple tools were often banned as poasible weapons. Besides stranding thousands of farmers away from famriliargoud and with neither tools nor seeds,, this policy meant forcing thouands of peasants into the cities, especially in Cape Verde. This could speli disaster: FREL1MO and PAIGC are *helping these farmers but there are other steses on food supplies to these areas, including thousands of refugees retning and plantation labourer who have been 'locked out' by foreign firms. Compounding this isthe seven year drought in Cape Verde and flooding in Mozambique. So many of the causes of the Mozambican and Cape Verdean crials are already present in Angola, one must ask - will it happen there? risontowns, and Angola hes goss reglonal inequalities and many refugees who will return, needing farms and food. MPLA, like FRELIMO and PAI.GC, has for may years struggled to improve life in the liberated areas and its campaign needs all the more support and solidarity as it seeks to broaden its already massive popular base and to continue its pmgramme of health care, education, and agricultural expansion. Famine has political roots - colonial repression and exploitation. We should remember that as NATO members we were intimately invol- ved with supplying the Portuguese ambique provnes, coastal and tenwith equipment and expertise and tral Cado Delgado and eastern Nrusthat a British general was one of the s. eiginators of the 'strategic halet'. Manyof the million were conFRELIMO and PAIGC are doing fined in sldeamesto, siect to far more than providing the sort of in the otton fields. famine relief we have heard a- Others were crowded into the outbout in thiopla and Bangledesh, akirte of garrson towns and told These movements are strnegling to that they would be shot as guereias rebuild their nations. We can show our solidarity with their struggle. In Mozambique at the time of the 1974 cesefire there were about one fiion Mozambican caught in a noman's-land between zones of FRELIMO control and remaining Portiguse domination. Most had been concentrated by the Portuguese around garrison towns on the Zaenbezi River between Tete and vile Fortes. aroundgarrisons onthe major north south roads and the railway, in northem Manica and Sofala provinces, in various centres in the low-ying western parts of Zasnbesla and Moz- iperatlve ba if they re-enterd the bush beyond. - This noe4ssl'wand is a geographil uaity. It tends to be oflow al, titude and sbject to floodig of law population densiyand variable smifal. Undarthe best of circumstances it is a difficult place to make a saeure havlg, and Poraguese 'opulatinontror has made it almost barraem Reports fim FRELIMO and missonari sugest that about 400,000 people we short of food, sed, toots and medicines. As many as 200,000 am in immediate danger of starvat tion. FRELIMO asivs to bring seed and tools to fuaamersm these areas to enable them to se the yeam one rainly season (November to April) now drawing to a dose. For those who have been able to plant the sitation will improve. For those who have not, support is necessary. Our estimate is that some 200,000 pecple have been unable to plant because of lack of seed and tools, flooding and disease. In addition to this, around 100,00(.refuges will be returning dispossessed and rooties F mbs hjardeeseaomritment to the emtryide, FRL4bl's Preident recently aid that "it was the countrysidethatsuffeied ms tfresu the destructive effects of the war and it is the countryside tha the clearest sn of hunger can be aoea, It is therefore towards the coutryaide that our main efforts to improve the liing conditiona of the maees wil be dlreted." A smooth expansion of FRELMO's progrmmes into these Anman'Aand areats would ave brought co-op-tv farming with new matods, education in nutritio and public health and medical care. But the Revolution is not that nsy, and the disastrous effects of foreed labour, cas cropping and 'population coptrot' may kill thousands and could retard national reconstruction for yea. In the Cape Verde Islands land and people have been ruthlessly exploited by the Portuguese, They have set up cotton and sugar plantations with workers conscription through forced labour. They have been used as a slave-trade staging post, coaling port forsteamers and more recently as a stopping-over point for South African Airways flights and the Portuguese navy. The islands have al",ays been overpopulated because of the labour requirements of slave and later plantation agriculture. Although some of the iands have volcaic peaks receiving heavier rainfall, the islands generally are drier than coresponding latitudes in the Sahel of West Africa which lie in the aaone climatic zone. This region has had a drought for seven yeam, but the Portuguem covered the situation in the Cape Verde anditonly r6ceived some pubBelly after the events of April. With apopulation density four or five times that the mainland and a sol overworked and abused by repeated growth of a single crop. tragedy has been the swift and recurreat result. In fact there have been 50 yes of drought in the lst 200 years and 200,000 dead in the last century. Portuguese "populationrmrol" took the form of forced movement of people to the towns. Not allthe island's 300,000 people could be held, many ware compelled to miggrate in search of work, 30,000 went to Portugal over the last 5 years and togatherwl thCape Verdean workers frm Angola, Sao Tome and Principe ame nwbeing sent back to salttaion aM nOw being sent back to a situationoffoodscactity, at a time when Portugal i cutting support for the islead Experts estimate that 200,000 egle need relief food nd are eat. mng less than 1200 calories a day. about half lse aduit requirement. t will take at least 39,000 tons of food, mostly rase, maize and beam and vegetable oil to support these people for a year, the time interval before the next harvest, since the mins are between July an lcember. Recmstruction PAIGC is the first to say that more food aid is required. Nothing short of the full rehabilitation of the land and the people is the final goal. Cape Verdeams have deep historical, cultural and politicales with Gsrne Bisa.'Yet even-with the confidence and co-operation of the vast majority of islanders, that task of national reconstruction facing PAIGCisenormous. The iotito Caboverdeano de Solidaridade (Cape Verde Solidarity stitute) - an orga0of PAIGC on the islands - has asked forfood, druga,and clothingto sU the taskof reconstruction. AS PART of the espaign to pubBeise and raise undjs for the emergency siruation GAMMA is produoing a 20" x 30" broadsheet - a wall newspaper on one sideand poster on the other. Price IOp plus postage (bulk order discounts). Arailabfe from CFMAG, 12 Little Mrport Street, London 'WC21 7WJ. Donason to the mikne address, marked 'Seeds'

-u-saipsemsm 0owssW MIOI It I.g.~l I REVIEWS Boks PORTUGAL: THE LAST EMPIRE by Neil Bruce Published by David and Charles £3.95 WHEN any dictator is firmly seated in power, there will always spring up a breed of hacks to sing his praises - to tell us how he likes childran and animals and makes the trains run on time. It is, however,, quite unusual for the hacks to go on singlng after the dictatorship has been overthrown. Yet Neil Bruce, a lectarer in politics at Keele University, has just written a book, 'Portugal: the Last Empire', much of which is nothing short of a eulogy for the late and unlamented regimes of Salscar and Caetsoo. Bruce tells us that the hated salszar was "a highly intelligent, humane and complex individual" who was devoted to his mother and who "understood the Portuguese character". He does not delve too deeply into the nature of this "understanding" which manifested itself in the outlawing of all political parties, brutal repression of any genuine trade union activity, _nd the torture and murder of hundreds of the regime' opponents at the hands of the PIDE - the secret police. When he turns to Portugal's Af-. rican possessions, Bruce simply rehashes all the tired old propaganda of the Portuguese colonial army. The viciously exploitative nature of Portuguese colonialism is not discussed. He talks of 'the long record of racial tolerance and harmony between Portuguese and African' in Angola being 'savagely broken' by the UPA guerrillas in the north in 1961 - without so muchascmentioning the bloodbath perpetrated by white settlers in Luanda that Febry, nor the appalling Portuguese reprisals in their summer/autumn offensive when betwein 20,000 and 50,000 Africans lost their lives. : The aldeamentos, or strategic hamlets, into which the Portuguese herded much pf the rural population of the war zones of Mozambique end Angola, are described as if they were holiday camps, snd the entirA politics of the guerrilla wars ae crudely reduced t g'tribal rivalrieswe are, for example, asked to believe the manifestly absurd claim that FRELIMO depended almost solely on the Makonde tribe for its support Bruce believes that the Portuguese had the wars more or less 'ander control' by late 1973 - this ata lime when FRELIMO was coming within striking distance of Beir in the heart of Mozambique, when MPLA was launching q major offensive in the oil-rich province of Cabinda in northern Angola, and when PAIGC's control of the rural areas Of Guinsea-Bissau was so complete that in September 1973 they were able todeclare an independent state. Bruce denies that the liberation movements controlled any sizable amount of territory. Yet dozens of visitors from the West entered Mozambique, Angola and Guinea with the guerrilla forces, wrote books and made films showing quite concusively that very large areas had been freed from Portuguese control ald that here the liberation movements were introducing popular democratic structures, and bringing medicine and education to people who, under Portuguese rule, knew only disease snd ignorance. All this Bruce has chosen to ignore. Bruce's book also includes some amusing howlers. He comes across a Portuguese left-wing group called MRPP:" not having a clue about the intricacies of the Portuguese left, he tells'us that the letters stand for popular Portuguese Republic Move- to the present confrontation. ment. A bad guess, I'm afraid.In This booklet isthe first lifehisfact theMRPP are Peking-oriented, tory to deal with a Zimbabwean consider the Portuguese Communist Temba Moyo, a ZAPU membet, forParty to be revisionist, and so, quite logically, call themselves the Move- me Youth Front oaniser and lament for the Renovation of the Pro- terly a guerrilla operating from letarian Party. One out of four to Zambia. His story is told simply Neil Bruce for getting 'Movement' snd without any ostentation. He right, doesnotpretendthatthecourse Shoddiness of this sort charact- he had chosen is the onlyone open erizes the entire book. One pities to him: one of the most telling secKeele students if they have to put tions is where he recounts how up with this type of thing from manyof his original comrades have Bruce's lectures. Not worth reading, given up the straggle and settled for let alone spending £3.95 onge Paul Fauvet a life of comparative security and comfort. He does not sworn these e( peoplefortheirlackofbackbone, because he knows all too well the. numerous pressures, especially family and financial, which are exerted Aid in Conflict: an investigation on him to turn away from his life. into the humanitarian and develop- But he continues sod draws his ment needs in Southern Africa. by Lionel Cliffe. Published byWar on strength from the fact that more Went 45p. snd more young Zimbabweas are LIONEL Cliffe argues that the hum- joining with him in a straggle which aniturian (assistnce for refugees, they, know wili ultimately lead to political prisoneri and their families) victory. and development (education, agi- In any revolution there are many culturl etc.) needs of Southern Af- unsung heroes. In a small way, this ricea are being neglected by the Boi- LSM series introduces us to their fish Government and byBritish songs - and we must all be richer charities. The reason, he suggests, is for hearing them. that they have fought shy of support for the African liberation mov- Rupert Pennant-Rea ements, particularly when their political straggle threatens areas in The Children of Apartheid. Pubwhich Britain has strong vested in- liasedbyAfricaPublicationsTrustterests. 35p. Yet Cliffs insists, it is only thr- THE DELEGATION of six British ough these movements that aid can MPg, thme Labour and three Conbe effectively channelled to those servative, who visited South Africa who needit.Why, hedemands, recentlyas theguests oftheSouth could Britain send. huge sums to Afriean Department of Information, help Biafran war casualties, yet re- reported on their return that there frain from offering much-needed had been great improvement in the medical aid or educational materials way that the Republic's black popto the liberated areas of Mozambi- lations was being treated. One of que - and still refrain even now, them remarked that conditions for when FRELIMO is in government? Africans and Coloureds were not The Scandinavians have long.made nearly so bed as some people in Briclear that they trust the liberation tain had tried to make out. movements to administer the sub- He would have done well to read stantial sums now being chandlied the Africa Publications Truafta latest through them. pamphletinitsseriesofStudiesin "The success of the liberation the Mass Removal of Population in movements in Portuguese Africa South Afica, consisting of a series makes certain this struggle will sp- of extracts from a pamphlet originread, "the pamphlet concludes," and ally p lithed in Cape Town. sod Britain must nowlearn a vital lesson written by a doctor, Dr. Trudi Theand no longer ignore the liberation mas, with many year first-hand enpenence of conditions in the Bantumovementsif we hope to play a pos- stans itive rolein the development of "The Children of Apartheid - a Southern AFrica. That opportunity study of the effects of migratory now exists. The government and labour on familylifein the Ciskei" charities would be filing their own presents a horrifying picture of the supporters and, above all, the peo- brutal and dehumanising conditions pie of Southern Africa if they con- which have arisen as a direct result tinug to sit on the fence and so for- of the economic policies pursued by go the opportunity of ielping to the apartheid regime, and it carries all the more weight for being writcreate a free socetyunder t ten bya resident South African. bomb". Topreserveanysemblanceof RowalyndeAinsie familylifeunderthesupreasionof the migratorylabour system re of Teba quires superhuman personal qualThe Or ar the sdory ofTe ties and a very large measure of MoyO. Published by Liberation luck. Because there is no work availSupport Movement, PO Box 94338, ableinthe , adlittle or Richmond,B.C.,Canada$1.75. nochance of eking out a living from "GUERRILLAS Strike at Border", farming the grossly'overpopulate "More Terrorists Killed". "Five and eroded land, husbands are spaSentenced to Death": how many ted from their wives, and parents times in the past ten years have we from their children, for months, if read headlines like that in the press, not yearsat a stretch. The system is deliberately geared yetlookedinvaninorsmepersonal against any kind of continuing or details which would give a clue as stable personal relationships among to the people behind the statistics? adults and children, and the resultIt may be argued that in the ing "social chaos", as Dr.Thomas Southern African contexttoday aptly terms it, has reached a point individuals are not especially idpor- where a staggering 50 per cent plus tant, and,certainly it is true that of African children are born illegifew, if any, of the freedom fig- timate, and in most cases, unwanted ters are in it for personal glory, and unloved as well. But individuals do matter greatly, Inthispoverty-striakene oomy for it is in their lives that we can children become a tragic burden up t the ifluences which have led adults whose emotional and financal resources are already stret- chd to the utmost. Thousands of children in the Ciskei, in Dr. Thomas's experience, are suffering from malnutrition, and 60 per cent of these are illegitimate. 90 per cent of malnourished children, both legitimate and illegitimate, receive no support from their fathers. This cisis, she argues, "can be brought unde, control only when families can live together - father, mother and children - within travelling distance of their places of work, for which they receive living wages". Most members of the Anti-Apartheid Movement, however, would probably find gaps in Dr. Thomas's suggestions for remedying the situation she so vividly describes. The editors of the pamphlet themselvet point out that "there are of course many different approaches to thequestion... and her views represent only one particular approach to it". She correctly identifies a political and economic reality - the migrant labour system with its poverty-line wages - as the chief cause of the social and physical misery in the Bantustas. But she does not go or. from there to challenge in any way the "homelands" system as such, or the profit-hungry and ruthlessly exploitative white economy of which the forced removal of populations is an integral part. Her pamphlet could conceivably be used in support of the kind of policies that thd Nationalit Party is pursuing for-the "development" of the Bantustana - the setting up of white-controlled border industries to provide local employment, and MEMBERS of the Anti-Apartheid the promotion of black businessmen Movement, accustomed to attending inside the homelands as evidence of the Atinual General Meeting of their "independent" nature. companies with interest in Southern Margaret Ling Africa, will be interested to know a that a Revised Edition of the Company Administirtion Handbook South Africa: The Imprisoned Soc- has been Psublished, containing a iety by Allen Cook. Published by number of handy tips for chairnma the International Defence and Aid who find themselves being asked Fund,40p. embarrassingquestionsfromthe IF YOU feel - and we all do some- floor. times- that you cannot bear to "It can nolonger be emumed read another account of prisoners, that the annual general meeting of a torture, detention without trial and public company Will be the usual the rest, then perhaps you should thirty-minute formality", The Handstart by reading the small print at book warns. "A careful review of the back of this new IDAF pamph- proceduresisnot now inappropriate." let: Appendix 2; PRISONERS' TES- Nervous officials will surely welcome TIMONY'. The Strachan Revelations the lists of "reasonable precautionee" This section is as compulsively which follows, and can take comfort readable and absorbing as a good from the fart that in the author's novel Better in my opinion. And opinion, many protesters are even when you have read this seation, more on edge than they are and are you wil have to find out what hap quite likely to be "tranquilised" oy pened to Strachan and to the Rand the prospect of a uniformed policeDaffy Mail, who first published his man on duty outside the meeting testimony in 1965, and to a whole place or even the sight of stewards lot of other people as well, as a re- wearing official badges. suit of that publication. So you will Stewards themselves should be go bick to the begining and read the armed with two pence pieces ready whole of this invaluable pamphlet, for a dash to the nearest phone box Prisons are central to South Af- for a call to the policetation in the rican society, states Allen Cook, cit- event of difficulty, and they should ing the fact that South Africa had famtliarize themselves with "the whe236 prisons with six more scbeduled reabouts of fire buckets and brooms in 1974 - 242 in all - for a popul- so that they can deal expeditiously ation of 24 million, compared with with such phenomena as stink the 's 70 prisons for bombs". 55 million. A proposal in more sophisticated Annual prison popa- vein is that the amplifying system lations show the number of prison- "ideally should be designed so that am per 100,000 of population being the chairman is always in a position 3.7 per cent for Norway, 7.2 per to dominate 'Proceedings andt cent for Britain. 8.4 per cent for where questionrs are providedih West Germany, and 221.5 per cent individual roving mih for South Africa. can be switched off a control Prisons have a unique place in point if necessary",. the apartheid state, where solutions Many questioners will know from to social problems are seen primarily their own experience that their felin punitive terms. There are now 9 low-shareholders, irritated and even crimea that may be punishable by enraged by any implicit attack on death: stoed robery, some forms of their investments, are prone to housebreaking, kidnapping, child- drown the speaker even more effecstealing, 'sabotage', 'terrorism' and tively than this neat scheme. Chasome provisions under the Suppres- lengaes from the floor are been taken sion of Communism Act, as well as seriously however; and"moreormurder,rapeandtreason iousprecautions may have to be South Africa is not the only op- considered if demonstrators become pressive society to deny the exist- too troublesome". ence of political prisoners. No one is detained for his political convicttoes, stated a former Minister of Justice and Prisoners: those described in the overseas press as 'political prisones' have been sentenced in respect of serious crimes (such as being in possession of an African National Congress badge). Yet the people so sentenced are treated differently - a tacit recognition that they are 'politcals'. They am segregated from other prisoners. subject to harsher and more stringent provisions, kept for years in the lowest categories (two letters of 500 words, and two half-hour visits per year) for years on end while ordinary prisoners sentenced for ordinary crimes (murder, or what you will) get moved up; they hever have any remission of sentence, are not pernitted newspapers nor news of any kind and those sentenced for life may never be release - life means until death. As the writer says, prisons in South Africa are as much an imrts ment of apartheid as are the apartheld aws, and ts a miacrocoun of the apartheid society. Hilee Bernstein. Chairma's gude to riky questilon

'Aat:AarmNiclews 'MarbWlU7b. -Fase-Uz No.8 Divisional Council ASTMS against apartheid and for a progressive non-racialist 3"t Mdmi Inland t mevenu Staff Federation Calls for the end of apartheid, demands democracy and freedom in Southern Africa and supports the Sharpeville Day Damonstration in Trafalgar Square on Sunday March 23. C.T.N. Plant General Secretary THE NUMBER 26 Divisional Council AUEW (TASS) calls for the release of all political prisoners in South Africa - including our brother David Kitson who is now serving the 11th year of his 20-year sentence. WESTMINSTER PARKRoyalASTMSsupp TradesCouncil ertstheMarch23rallyand urges full support for the rally on March 23 and the the cause of freedom in struggleofthe SouthernAftica. South African people With less than half the U.K's population, South Africa imprisons ten times as many people. I South )Africa: the imprisoned society From booksellers or direct from * International Defence and Aid Fund 104 Newgate Street London EC1A 7AP HEALTH IN REVOLUTION Thursday March 20 8pm London School of Tropical Medicine, Keppel St., London WC1 (opposite Senate House) Speakers on'Health as a Commodity', 'The Drg Companies as Multinationals', 'Revolutionary Health Care' Chairman: Jo Richardson MP GAMMA, c/o CFMAG, 12 Little Newport St., London WC2 PEACE NEWS - for non-violentreiled volution - every fortight lop. Vi fg * | W News of non-violence struggles and making alternatives. Information, analysis, strategies for socail change. M s ..tZ75 for six months subscription. WEST London Anti-Apartheid SOp for trial five issues. From 8 Elm Group Sharpeville Anniversary Meet- Avenue, Nottinghan. ing. Friday March 21 8 pm. Lecture RISING FREE bookshop and mail Theatre, Kensington Central Library order and bulk distribution of left Plillimore Walk, W.8. Film: Last boos, pamphlets and newspapers. Grave. at Dimbaza. Speaker: John 197 Sprach. Tickets: 20p from Betty 17Kin Crows Rd., London WC1. Northedge, Anti-Apartheid Move- SANITY, the paper of the Camment, 89 Charlotte St., W.I. paign for Nuclear Disarnamet 580-5311 or Eddie Adams, 42 St. (CND) keeps you in touchwith Vth Lawrence Terrace, London W.10. arms race, the threat of war and 969-3972 hopesforpeace.tlayearfrom DO YOU really like that vase from CND, 15 Gras t Rad, London Aunt Lucy, or that tie from Uncle C 15 Grs Inn Road, London taeold, or that ghastly brooch from WCI.Cousin ane? We need them on West CHALLENGE, monthly paper of LoiutAnti-Apartheid Movement's the Young Communist League. Price fasecf sg stall in Portobello Road Sp. Subscription £1.30 for 12 issues. Matset. Contact: Betty Northedge, Send to 28 Bedford Street, AntAIAputheid Movement, London London WC2. W.I. 0l4 I531I WANTED for Anti-Apartheid RETURN to the Source: selected Monmaet ofie'i lboneo Addr writings of Amilcar CabraL. graph crd cabinet (4 1/10" x 4 Published by Monthly Review Press, 4110") 12 oel more drewers. 0175p. Available from CFMAG, 12, 580 531L Little Newport St., London W.C.2 CATONSVILLE ROADRUNNER is PHOTO CRAFT about spiritual and political libera- 4 Heath St., London NW3 tion - about non-violence, resist- Tel. 01- 435 9932 ance and -making alternatives lOp. monthly. Subs £1.60 for 12 issues. Photogrphic dinlers and 80p for six. From 28 Brundretts photograpes Road, Manchester 21. W=LD DEVELOPMENT MOVEMENT the campignagauinst poverty in the. Third World supports the March 23 demonstration o0 4perent of black childreniSouth Africa die befo the age of 5 from malnutrition and disease -inequality in Southern Africa mirrors the global injustice-between people in developed ations and in the Third Wold For a fair distribution of world resources contact: World Development Movement, Bedford Chombers, Covent Gaen, London WC2E BHA 01-836-3672 MEMBERSHIP FORM Join the Anti-Apartheid Movement and receive ANTI-APARTHEID NEWS and regular information on anti-apartheid activities. MEMBERSHIP: £2 pa, Students £1, OAPs 50p. AA NEWS SUBSCRIPTION only: £.25p pa UK; £1a50 Europe airmialand outside Europe sur e mail; -50outside Europe airmal. AFFLATION- Student Unio- £20, national organisations £5. Name Address ------Telephone ------The Anti -Apartheid Movement, 89 Charlotte St. London WiP 2DQ. Tel A-080 5311 Gro 52 513 0004