Islington Council Biodiversity Action Plan 2020 to 2025 2 Contents
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Islington Council Biodiversity Action Plan 2020 to 2025 2 Contents Foreword 4 1. Why do we need a Biodiversity Action Plan? 6 2. The Ecology of Islington 16 3. The Policy Context 20 4. 2010-2013 Biodiversity Action Plan Review 27 5. The Action Plans 28 The Built Environment Action Plan 31 Parks and Urban Green Spaces Action Plan 35 Designated Sites Action Plan 41 Access to Nature Action Plan 44 References 51 Appendix A: List of Islington SINCs 55 Appendix B: Map of Islington SINCs 59 Appendix C: Map of Areas of Deficiency in Access to Nature 60 Appendix D: List of partner organisations 61 3 Foreword In 2019 the UN launched the Global A Biodiversity Action Plan is not an end in Assessment study of biodiversity, announcing itself, but a collaborative and ongoing piece that its findings put the world “on notice”. of work, involving not only the Council but Highlighting the universal importance of the wider community in working towards biodiversity, the report brings to light the its goals. I believe that everyone in Islington unprecedented loss of species over the past should be able to make a contribution 50 years and warns that human activities towards protecting and enhancing our natural “threaten more species now than ever before”. environment. Set in the context of this global crisis, Islington’s new Biodiversity Action Plan outlines how we in Islington will contribute to the national and world-wide eort to protect biodiversity for future generations. There is lots that we can achieve at a local level to safeguard our existing wildlife and to make the places where we live greener, cleaner and healthier. At a time when concerns about climate change are growing stronger, we need to remember the important role that biodiversity plays in climate control. Environmental sustainability is fundamental to our work as a council, and the importance of protecting wildlife is a key part of that message. Islington is one of the most densely Councillor Rowena Champion populated London boroughs, and yet it Executive Member for supports an amazing range of wildlife. From Environment and Transport house sparrows to rare orchids, there is a surprising diversity of animals and plants on our doorsteps. This Biodiversity Action Plan sets out the principles by which Islington will ensure that wildlife is protected and enhanced, and how everyone in the borough will have access to a high quality natural environment. 4 5 1. Why do we need a Biodiversity Action Plan? 6 1. Why do we need a Biodiversity Action Plan? 1.1 What is Biodiversity? the communities, habitats and ecosystems The word ‘biodiversity’ is used to describe in which they occur. It is not just about the the abundance and variety of life on earth. rare and the threatened. As important, is the It covers the whole range of living things: wildlife we see and experience every day and animals and birds, trees and flowers, which contributes to our quality of life and insects and fungi. It is concerned with the enhances the environment in which we live. interactions within and between species and Figure 1. Family pond-dipping in a wildlife pond 7 1.2 What is a Biodiversity Action Plan? 1.3 Why is biodiversity important? This plan is the third Biodiversity Action We rely on the natural environment for our Plan for Islington and covers the period health, well-being, economic stability and 2020 to 2025. The Islington BAP draws on UK social development. Whether we are aware of biodiversity strategies and the London BAP it or not, our everyday needs are intrinsically to produce a plan that is relevant on a local linked to the important ‘ecological services’ level. The purpose of a BAP is to identify biodiversity provides and which we cannot actions needed to safeguard and enhance aord to lose. Extinctions and changes to biodiversity, and to enable people to benefit biological systems have always occurred from it. naturally, but it is the rate at which these losses and changes are now occurring that Since Islington is a very urban borough, the is of serious concern. The loss of biodiversity habitats and species that are significant on already occurring is staggering, and so are a national scale, are o¡en not present here. the future predictions. This decline is acutely Following consultation with stakeholders, it experienced in urban areas such as London was decided that this BAP would break away where the competition between development, from the traditional BAP structure of Habitat people and wildlife is o¡en at its greatest. It is and Species Action Plans and instead focus on vital that we protect and maintain the Earth’s the following key areas: biodiversity on a global scale, but equally • The built environment important that we take action at a local level. • Designated sites 1.3.1 The links between biodiversity, health • Parks and urban green spaces and social well-being We depend greatly on biodiversity for our • Access to nature well-being and quality of life. Biodiversity plays an important role in enhancing and This BAP is a partnership document, put encouraging outdoor recreation, exercise and together in consultation with interested relaxation and can help tackle health issues parties from a wide range of groups such as such as obesity and mental health problems. Friends of Parks, third sector organisations and community groups. The success of any Islington is the 24th most deprived local BAP depends upon the Council working in authority in England (out of 326). The borough partnership with the wider community and we has the third highest level of child poverty in welcome continued support and involvement England (36%) and it ranks fourth nationally from people who wish to contribute to this for income deprivation aecting older people. important work. Every ward in Islington has at least one area that ranks among the 20% most deprived 8 Figure 2. Local residents volunteering at Gillespie Park nature reserve areas of England. The gap in healthy life health"1 which reported strong evidence for expectancy between the least and most the link between contact with the natural deprived areas of Islington is 7.7 years for environment and mental health and well- women and 10 years for men. It is estimated being. that 20% of Islington adults are obese and 36% of children in Year 6 (aged 10 to 11 years) A study by the Centre for Research on are classified as overweight or obese, which is Environment, Society and Health (2012)2 worse than the average for England. found that regular exercise in a natural environment can cut the risk of suering from There is a growing body of evidence that poor mental health by 50%. Exercising indoors access to nature can help improve people's was found to yield no significant benefits physical and mental health. In 2017, DEFRA for mental health when compared with the produced an "Evidence statement on the links outdoor environment. between natural environments and human 9 Studies have shown that the likelihood 1.3.2 Biodiversity benefits for young of participating in physical activity at people recommended levels was 22% lower in Exposure to the natural environment has a participants who perceived access to green beneficial impact on young people’s physical, space as diicult as opposed to very easy mental and social development. Contact with (NERC, 2011)3. nature has been shown to improve children’s concentration, confidence and behaviour. In both adults and children there is evidence In 2016, Natural England published a report that learning in natural environments is containing evidence that a greater amount associated with the accumulation of social of natural spaces in or around the learning capital and fostering pride, belonging and environment (e.g. the school) is associated involvement in the community (Links between with better emotional, behavioural and natural environments and learning, Natural learning processes and outcomes5. Research England. July 2016)4. from the University of Derby has found that children who feel connected to nature achieve ‘Areas of Deficiency in Access to Nature’ are better results in their key stage 2 tests than defined as being more than one kilometre those who do not6. walking distance from a publicly accessible Borough or Metropolitan Site of Importance The value of maintaining high quality natural for Nature Conservation. 17% of Islington green space close to people’s homes is more is deficient in access to nature, meaning important than ever in an inner city borough that there is inequality in opportunity for like Islington where many children grow up Islington residents in accessing natural in homes without gardens, or where garden green space. At the time of the last BAP space is very limited. A study by Childwise (published in 2010) one third of the borough (2013) found that by the age of seven, children was deficient in access to nature. This figure will on average have spent a full year of their has been successfully reduced through the lives on screens7. This sedentary lifestyle designation of new Sites of Importance for increases the likelihood of obesity and related Nature Conservation (SINCs) but more needs health problems. Access to green space can to be done through the improvement of play a vital role in addressing these complex other green spaces and also the targeting issues. of individuals from Areas of Deficiency who could benefit from activities in the natural environment. Appendix C shows Islington’s Areas of Deficiency. 10 Figure 3. Child enjoying natural play 11 1.3.3 Ecosystem services million per annum to the UK economy (2015)8. Ecosystem services are the benefits that The State of Nature 2013 report showed that people obtain from the natural environment.