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Arys 15 - 2017 2017 Some Aspects of Sport in Ritual y propaganda política en la and Religion in Ancient Egypt Roma republicana 15 Wolfgang Decker María Juana López Medina y Francisco Pérez Martínez Los Aqueménidas y la danza pérsica: entre religión y L’éducation sportive à espectáculo Rome. Campus et pratiques Antigüedad, Religiones y Sociedades Israel Campos Méndez religieuses Catherine Wolff Volumen 15 2017 Wie heilig waren die Heiligen Spiele? Eine Suche nach ihren Nerón, auriga solar kultischen Funktionen José Ignacio San Vicente González de Werner Petermandl Aspuru Espectáculos, agones y vida Sol romano y Sol Invictus: social en los orígenes circo y ludi en Roma de la ciudad griega Lorenzo Pérez Yarza Domingo Plácido Suárez Excusatio non petita: las La reorganización de réplicas de los feligreses a las las Panateneas en el s.VI a.C.: el críticas eclesiásticas por la agon gymnicus y los hoplitas asistencia a los espectáculos Miriam Valdés Guía (siglos III-VI) Juan Antonio Jiménez Sánchez Deporte y guerra en la democracia ateniense La intervención divina en David M. Pritchard los espectáculos romanos de ejecución de cristianos Why were Adult Women Excluded María Amparo Mateo Donet y religión espectáculo Deporte, from the Olympic Games? András Patay-Horváth De mártir a promotor: el obispo y los edificios de El munus en honor de Julia espectáculos durante la organizado por César: ritual Antigüedad funerario, desigualdad social Jordina Sales Carbonel Instituto de Historiografía Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Deporte, espectáculo y religión Julio Caro Baroja en el mundo antiguo Antigüedad, Religiones y Sociedades ARYS 15 - 2017 Deporte, espectáculo y religión en el mundo antiguo DIRECTOR SECRETARIO Jaime Alvar Ezquerra Juan Ramón Carbó García (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid) (Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia) COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO CONSEJO DE REDACCIÓN Radu Ardevan Adolfo Domínguez Monedero (Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca) (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) Judy Barringer Ana Iriarte (University of Edimburg) (Universidad del País Vasco) Nicole Belayche José Luis López Castro (École Pratique des hautes études à Paris) (Universidad de Almería) Corinne Bonnet María del Mar Marcos Sánchez (Université Toulouse II) (Universidad de Cantabria) Rebeca Rubio Rivera Antonio Gonzales (Universidad de Castilla La Mancha) (Univ. Franche Comté) José Ignacio San Vicente María José Hidalgo de la Vega González de Aspuru (Universidad de Salamanca) (Universidad de Oviedo) Rita Lizzi (Università degli Studi di Perugia) Francisco Marco Simón (Universidad de Zaragoza) John North Volumen 15- 2017 - ISSN: 1575-166X (University College London) Depósito Legal M-32333-2014 Domingo Plácido Suárez (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) ARYS: Antigüedad, Religiones y Sociedades Mario Torelli figura indizada en CIRC, Dialnet, DICE, ERIH PLUS, Interclassica, Latindex, MIAR, RESH, (Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei) L’Année Philologique. Sobre la política de la Henk S. Versnel revista e instrucciones para los autores, ver (Universiteit of Leiden) últimas páginas del volumen. DISEÑO Y MAQUETACIÓN Reservados todos los derechos. Syntagmas (www.syntagmas.com) No se pueden hacer copias por ningún procedimiento electrónico o mecánico, EDITA incluyendo fotocopias, o grabación Dykinson S.L. (www.dykinson.com) magnética o cualquier almacenamiento de Instituto de Historiografía Julio Caro Baroja información y sistemas de recuperación Universidad Carlos III de Madrid sin permiso escrito de los escritores. Asociación ARYS SUBSCRIPCIONES Revista Arys El precio anual de la subscripción Biblioteca de la facultad de Humanidades es de 18€ (individual) y 30€ (instituciones). Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Para subscripciones fuera de España el precio C/ Madrid, 135 es de 30$ (individual) y 50$ (instituciones). 28903 Getafe (Madrid) ESPAÑA Toda la correspondencia para subscripción, E-Mail: [email protected] permisos de publicación, cambios de dirección Tlfno: 916 24 92 07 y cualquier otro asunto debe dirigirse a: Número 15 -2017 Deporte, espectáculo y religión en el mundo antiguo MONOGRÁFICO 11 Some Aspects of Sport in Ritual and Religion in Ancient Egypt Wolfgang Decker (Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln) 21 Los Aqueménidas y la danza pérsica: entre religión y espectáculo Israel Campos Méndez (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria) 33 Wie heilig waren die Heiligen Spiele? Eine Suche nach ihren kultischen Funktionen Werner Petermandl (Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz) 49 Espectáculos, agones y vida social en los orígenes de la ciudad griega Domingo Plácido Suárez (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) 69 La reorganización de las Panateneas en el s.VI a.C.: el agon gymnicus y los hoplitas Miriam Valdés Guía (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) 107 Deporte y guerra en la democracia ateniense David M. Pritchard (The University of Queensland - Université de Strasbourg) 133 Why were Adult Women Excluded from the Olympic Games? András Patay-Horváth (University Eötvös Loránd - Budapest) 145 El munus en honor de Julia organizado por César: ritual funerario, desigualdad social y propaganda política en la Roma republicana María Juana López Medina y Francisco Pérez Martínez (Universidad de Almería) 171 L’ éducation sportive à Rome. Campus et pratiques religieuses Catherine Wolff (Université d’Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse) 187 Nerón, auriga solar José Ignacio San Vicente González de Aspuru (Universidad de Oviedo) 215 Sol romano y Sol Invictus: circo y ludi en Roma Lorenzo Pérez Yarza (Universidad de Zaragoza) 247 Excusatio non petita: las réplicas de los feligreses a las críticas eclesiásticas por la asistencia a los espectáculos (siglos III-VI) Juan Antonio Jiménez Sánchez (Universidad de Barcelona) 261 La intervención divina en los espectáculos romanos de ejecución de cristianos María Amparo Mateo Donet (Universidad de Valencia) 279 De mártir a promotor: el obispo y los edificios de espectáculos durante la Antigüedad Jordina Sales Carbonell (Universidad de Barcelona) RECENSIONES 311 Guzmán Almagro, Alejandra: Fantasmas, apariciones y regresados del más allá. De la Antigüedad a la época moderna, Sans Soleil Ediciones, Vitoria-Gasteiz – Buenos Aires, 2017. Silvia Tantimonaco (Universität Heidelberg) 314 Tortosa Rocamora, Trinidad y Ramallo Asensio, Sebastián F. (eds.): El tiempo final de los santuarios ibéricos en los procesos de impacto y consolidación del mundo romano, (=Anejos de AEspA LXXXIX), Méri- da, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2017. Jorge García Cardiel (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) Monográfico Deporte, espectáculo y religión en el mundo antiguo Some Aspects of Sport in Ritual and Religion in Ancient Egypt Algunos aspectos del deporte en el ritual y en la religión en el antiguo Egipto Wolfgang Decker Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln [email protected] Resumen Abstract El ritual y la religión están conectados Ritual and religion are connected al deporte del Faraón. Durante el festival to the sport of Pharaoh. During the del jubileo, el rey que iba envejeciendo jubilee festival, the ageing king had to debía demostrar su aptitud en un ritual demonstrate his fitness in a running de carreta que también le daba nuevos ritual which also gave him new pow- poderes. En el Reino Nuevo, el Faraón ers. In the New Kingdom, Pharaoh is es comparado con Montu, el dios de la compared with Month, the god of war, guerra, cuando practica deporte, una ca- when practicing sport, a qualification lificación para asumir el título de gober- for assuming the mantle of ruler. En- nante. Inscrito en la estela de Amenofis scribed on the Sphinx-stela of Ameno- II en la Esfinge, el texto egipcio más lar- phis II, the longest Egyptian text de- go que describe el deporte, se menciona picting sport, the gods Month (six a los dioses Montu (en seis ocasiones), times), Amun (five times) and Atum Amón (en cinco) y Atón (en tres), mien- (three times) are mentioned, whereas tras que Astarté, Geb, Horus, Maat, Ra, Astarte, Geb, Horus, Maat, Ra, Reshef Reshef y Seth sólo son mencionados una and Seth are only mentioned once vez cada uno. Más aún, puede resultar each. Further, it may be surprising to sorprendente descubrir que el derecho a discover that the right to rule among https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2017.3839 - Arys, 15, 2017 [11-20] issn 1575-166x 12 Wolfgang Decker gobernar entre los dioses era disputado the gods was disputed twice by means dos veces por medio de la competición of sporting competition, as is the case deportiva, como es el caso en el relato in the mythological story entitled “The mitológico titulado “El conflicto de Ho- Conflict of Horus and Seth”. rus y Seth”. Palabras clave Key words ritual, religión, deporte, Reino Nuevo, ritual, religion, sport, New Kingdom, faraón, Egipto, dioses. Pharaoh, Egypt, gods. Fecha de recepción: 28/04/2017 Fecha de aceptación: 12/03/2018 Some Aspects of Sport in Ritual and Religion in Ancient Egypt 13 The Greek historian Herodotus, who in the fifth century BC travelled within the Nile valley, was greatly impressed by the religiosity of the Egyptians (Hdt. 1 and by the pleasure they derived through organizing festivals (Hdt. II 58 : 2. This close relationship to ritual and religion also existed in the field of sport,3 as exemplified by the sport of pharaoh. For the Egyptians, pharaoh was the central figure dominating the world, warranting the life of his subjects and being responsible for the prosperity of the en- tire country. With the Egyptian king’s dogma4 defining pharaoh as invincible and as a victor perpetuus5 in war and in sport, nobody dared to risk competing against him as they feared a sure defeat. Vice versa, there is validity to this claim as competing against pharaoh was prohibited on the grounds that his superiority as king was never allowed to be put in doubt.6 Nevertheless, pharaoh used sport as a means to demonstrate his exploits in this area, but never against an actual rival. In the scope of this lecture, some aspects that show the sporting king in a ritual and religious context have been selected to aid in our understanding of this phenomenon. We will see that the ritual attitude of the sporting king represents a constant factor of Egyptian history, whereas the religious aspect has arisen from an actual historical event.
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