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Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Seluang (Rasbora Argyrotaenia) Di Perairan Sungai Musi

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Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Seluang (Rasbora Argyrotaenia) Di Perairan Sungai Musi Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Volume 15 No. 2, Desember 2018 DOI 10.31851/sainmatika.v15i2.2244 https://jurnal.univpgri-palembang.ac.id/index.php/sainmatika Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Seluang (Rasbora argyrotaenia) di Perairan Sungai Musi Helmi Haris1*, Dian Mutiara2, N. Arsyad3 e-mail: [email protected] 1Program Studi Ilmu Perikanan, Fakultas Perikanan, 2 Program Studi Biologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas PGRI Palembang 3Pemerhati Perikanan ABSTRACT Seluang (Rasbora argyrotaenia) is one type of fish that lives on the Musi River in South Sumatra. Seluang is favored by the people of South Sumatra to become consumption fish with economic value. Natural catches are felt to diminish over time and effort is needed for domestication and cultivation. Analysis of gastric contents has been carried out on seluang fish from the Musi river to find out fish eating habits as a cultivation platform. The research was conducted from July to September 2017 on three Musi tributaries. The Prefonderance index was analyzed according to Natarjan and Jhingran in Effendi (2002). From the results of the study it was revealed that eluang was an omnivorous group of fish seen from the value of the Prefonderance Index, which consumed green plants (48.05%) as the main food, Arthropoda (23.86%) and Anellida (22.35%) as supplementary foods. Keywords: Musi River. Index of Prefonderance, Domestication, Omnivore ABSTRAK Seluang (Rasbora argyrotaenia) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang hidup di sungai Musi Sumatera Selatan. Seluang disukai masyarakat Sumatera Selatan hingga menjadi ikan konsumsi yang bernilai ekonomi. Hasil tangkapan alam dirasakan semakin berkurang seiring waktu dan diperlukan usaha untuk domestikasi.dan budidaya. Analisis isi lambung telah dilakukan terhadap ikan seluang dari sungai Musi untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makan ikan sebagai landasan budidaya. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai September 2017 pada tiga anak sungai Musi. Indek Prefonderance dianalisis menurut Natarjan dan Jhingran dalam Effendi (2002). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa Seluang merupakan kelompok ikan omnivora yang dilihat dari nilai Indek Prefonderance yaitu mengkonsumsi tumbuhan hijau (48,05%) sebagai makanan utama, Arthropoda (23,86%) dan Anellida (22,35 %) sebagai makanan tambahan. Kata Kunci: Sungai Musi. Indek of Prefonderance, Domestikasi, Omnivora PENDAHULUAN Ikan seluang (Rasbora argyrotaenia) beberapa perairan di Indonesia. Aryani adalah salah satu spesies ikan yang (2015) mendapatkan spesies Rasbora terdapat pada sungai Musi Sumatera argyrotaenia di sungai Kampar Kanan Selatan. Ikan ini tersebar di wilayah provinsi Riau. Yustina (2001) Rasbora Sumatera sampai Kalimantan dan argyrotaenia juga terdapat di perairan p-ISSN 1829 586X 123 e-ISSN 2581-0170 Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Seluang,...Helmi Haris, dkk,...Sainmatika,...Volume 15,...No.2,...Desember 2018,...123-128 sungai Rengau provinsi Riau. Lisna di masa datang. (2013) telah mengoleksi Rasbora argyrotaenia dari sungai Kumpeh Muaro BAHAN DAN METODOLOGI Jambi. Rosadi (2014) juga mendapatkan seluang di sungai Barito Kalimantan Selatan. Ikan seluang juga diketahui hidup Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan di sungai Rungan Kalimantan Tengah, Juli sampai September 2017 bertempat (Sulistiyarto 2012). di tiga lokasi perairan Sungai Musi, Di Palembang ikan seluang sangat sedangkan pengamatan isi lambung disukai dan bernilai ekonomis tinggi. dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Perikanan Hasil tangkapan alam dirasakan tidak Perairan Umum (BPPPU) Palembang. mencukupi untuk kebutuhan masyarakat Alat yang digunakan adalah bok sample , hingga diperlukan usaha budidaya. Tangkul , Mikroskop, Ember volume 5 Langkah utama untuk budidaya adalah liter , caliper, pH meter, Thermometer , mengetahui kebiasaan makan atau pakan Camera dan alat tulis. Bahan yang alami ikan seluang pada habitatnya. digunakan ikan seluang dan formalin 4%. Seluang membutuhkan pakan alami Penangkapan ikan pada tiga lokasi spesifik untuk pertumbuhan dan dilakukan dengan tangkul supaya ikan perkembangannya. Husnah dan yang didapat tidak cacat dan tidak terlalu Nasyirudin (2009) menjelaskan bahwa stress yang dilakukan pagi hari pukul ikan Seluang termasuk kelompok 07.00 WIB. Ikan yang didapat langsung omnivora yang mengkomsumsi diukur berat dan panjangnya. Tiap makanan yang berasal dari hewan dan lokasi diambil sebanyak 10 ekor hingga tumbuhan seperti fitoplankton maupun keseluruhan sampel sebanyak 30 ikan zooplankton. dengan ukuran berkisar +10 cm hingga Keanekaragaman ekologi, +13 cm. Selanjutnya ikan dibedah dan topografi dan habitat yang terdapat di diambil lambungnya. kemudian, masing- aliran anak Sungai Musi P a l e m b a n g masing lambung ikan tersebut Sumatera Selatan dimasukkan ke dalam 30 botol filum memungkinkan adanya jenis pakan plastik b e r i s i formalin 4%. dan a l a m i yang berbeda pada ikan dimasukan dalam Box. Lambung ikan Seluang. Selain itu, bervariatifnya dugaan dianalisis di Laboratorium Balai tentang jenis pakan alami ikan Seluang Penelitian Perikanan Perairan Umum mendorong peneliti untuk mengkaji lebih (BPPPU) berdasarkan analisis Index of lanjut mengenai keanekaragaman pakan Preponderance atau Indeks Bagian alami yang terdapat dalam lambung ikan Terbesar menurut Natarjan dan Jhingran Seluang karena hal ini mendasari dalam Effendi (2002) : domestikasi ikan seluang dari sungai Musi. Dengan pengamatan isi lambung maka kebiasaan makan (Feeding Habit) ikan Seluang di aliran anak sungai Musi dapat diketahui. Menurut Dwitasari dkk Dimana : (2016).. Kajian isi lambung perlu IP : Index of Preponderance atau dilakukan sebelum proses domestikasi. Indeks Bagian Terbesar (%) Vi : Diharapkan penelitian ini akan Persentase volume satu jenis makanan memberikan kontribusi informasi kepada Oi : Persentase frekuensi kejadian masyarakat tentang isi lambung ikan satu jenis makanan ƩVixOi : Jumlah Seluang juga alternatif pengembangan Vi x Oi dari semua jenis makanan budidaya untuk pakan alami ikan Seluang p-ISSN 1829 586X 124 e-ISSN 2581-0170 Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Seluang,...Helmi Haris, dkk,...Sainmatika,...Volume 15,...No.2,...Desember 2018,...123-128 Jika nilai IP > 25% dikatagorikan makanan tambahan. sebagai makanan utama, nilai IP 4- 25% dikatagorikan sebagai makanan pelengkap, dan nilai IP < 4% sebagai HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Gambar 1. Lokasi pengambilan sampel Seluang di Aliran Sungai Musi Dari peta lokasi dapat dilihat 3 sedangkan lokasi 3 terdapat aktivitas dan lokasi pengambilan sampel yaitu : lokasi pemukiman penduduk dengan kecepatan I Anak Sungai Musi di Desa Kenten Laut arus yang sedang. Menurut Husna dan Kec. Talang Kelapa, dengan koordinat Nasyirudin (2009) ikan seluang dapat (2053’38.4”S 104046’42.0”E). Lokasi 2 hidup pada tipe habitat mengalir seperti Anak Sungai Musi di Kelurahan Pulo badan utama dan anak-anak sungai. Kerto Kec. Gandus dengan kordinat Rentang kecepatan arus yang cukup luas (3001’44.6”S 104039’39.7”E) sedangkan pada bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir sungai lokasi 3 Aliran Anak Sungai Musi di Desa masing-masing pada kisaran 4,4 – 16,7 Tanpa Nama Kecamatan. Mariana dengan m/detik, 0,2 – 1,1 m/detik, dan 0 – 1,0 koordinat (2057’32.0”S 104051’49.9”E). m/detik. Namun demikian, kecepatan arus Secara umum keadaan masing-masing yang disenangi adalah pada kisaran 0,2 – lokasi berbeda pada lokasi 1 merupakan 1,1 m/detik. sungai alami, lokasi 2 terdapat keramba Gambar 2. Lambung dan usus Ikan Seluang (Sumber: Dokumen Pribadi, 2017) Lambung merupakan tempat pencernaan di mulut dan tenggorokan. bermuara dari makanan setelah dilakukan Menurut Effendie (2002), pengamatan p-ISSN 1829 586X 125 e-ISSN 2581-0170 Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Seluang,...Helmi Haris, dkk,...Sainmatika,...Volume 15,...No.2,...Desember 2018,...123-128 isi lambung bertujuan untuk makanan ikan dapat juga diprediksi dari mendapatkan gambaran baku dari perbandingan panjang saluran makanan yang dikonsumsi oleh ikan. pencernaannya dengan panjang total Berdasarkan pengamatan bentuk tubuhnya. Ditambahkan Syahputra dkk, lambung ikan seluang bulat memanjang (2014) katagori sifat makanan ikan seperti kantong dengan usus yang juga tergantung dari perbandingan relatif memanjang . Usus ikan Seluang panjang usus dengan badan yaitu ikan memiliki panjang sekitar satu setengah karnivora 1, omnivora 1-3 dan herbivor panjang badan seperti terlihat pada >3. Ikan seluang yang ditemukan gambar 2. memiliki rata-rata panjang usus Jika dilihat dari perbandingan berbanding dengan badan 1-3 dan dapat panjang usus dengan panjang badan ikan dikatagorikan ikan seluang termasuk ikan seluang termasuk jenis ikan omnivora. omnivora. Menurut Zuliani dkk (2016), kebiasaaan Tabel 1. Nilai Indek Prefonderance ikan seluang yang didapatkan pada sungai Musi. NO. KELOMPOK LOKASI RATA- PAKAN RATA Sungai Musi Sungai Musi Sungai Musi Desa Kenten Kelurahan Desa Tanpa Laut Purwokerto Nama Mariana INDEK of PREPONDERANCE (%) 1. Spermatophyta/Thal 48.27 45.43 50.45 48.05 ophyta 2. Arthropoda 24,21 24.39 22.99 23.86 3. Anellida 23.09 23.33 20.64 22.35 4. Tercerna 3.30 3.10 3.18 3.19 Dari Tabel 1 di atas dapat diketahui sungai Rungan yaitu alga sel tunggal, alga perbedaan jenis pakan ikan seluang yang filament, tumbuhan darat (daun,buah dan didapatkan pada tiga lokasi sampel. biji) , detritus, rotifer, crustaceae renik dan Kelompok pakan utama yang ditemukan insekta darat. pada tiap lokasi cenderung sama hal ini Pada pengamatan isi lambung ikan dikarenakan habitat ikan yang hampir seluang pada tiga lokasi cenderung sama. sama. Ikan seluang diketahui Isi lambung ikan pada tiga lokasi
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