DOCSLIB.ORG

THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND in a FEW WORDS 27 FED EN (Flash) 1/10/02 14:41 Page 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND in a FEW WORDS 27 FED EN (Flash) 1/10/02 14:41 Page 3 FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:41 Page 1 DEVELOPMENT THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS EUROPEAN COMMISSION DE 112 1 February 2002 FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:44 Page 27 List of countries benefiting from the European Development Fund A CP States (Cotonou Agreement) OCT (Association decision) Africa (47) Caribbean (15) Pacific (14) Denmark Greenland Angola Mali* Antigua and Barbuda Cook Islands Benin* Mauritius Bahamas Fiji France Botswana Mauritania* Barbados Kiribati* Mayotte Burkina-Faso* Mozambique* Belize Marshall Is. St Pierre and Miquelon Burundi* Namibia Dominica Micronesia Wallis and Futuna Cameroon Niger* Grenada Nauru New Caledonia and Dependencies Cape Verde* Nigeria Guyana Niue French Polynesia Comoros Islands* Uganda* Haiti* Palau French Southern and Antarctic Territories Congo Central African Republic* Jamaica Papua Congo (DRC)* Rwanda* Dominican Republic New Guinea Netherlands Ivory Coast Sao Tome & Príncipe* St Christopher and Nevis Samoa* Aruba Djibouti* Senegal* St Lucia Solomon Is. Dutch West Indies (Bonaire, Curaçao, Saba, Eritrea* Seychelles St Vincent and the Grenadines Is. Tonga Saint Eustatius, Saint Martin) Ethiopia* Sierra Leone* Surinam Tuvalu* Gabon Somalia* Trinidad and Tobago Vanuatu* United Kingdom Gambia* Sudan* Anguilla Ghana Swaziland South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands Guinea* Tanzania* Cayman Islands Guinea Bissau* Chad* Falkland Islands Equatorial Guinea Togo* Turks and Caicos Islands Kenya Zambia* British Virgin Islands Lesotho* Zimbabwe Montserrat Liberia* Pitcairn Madagascar* St Helena and Dependencies Malawi* British Indian Ocean Territory British Antarctic Territory * Least Developed Countries The ACP Group includes 78 States including Cuba which has not signed the Cotonou Agreement and does not benefit from EDF. South Africa is a mem- ber of the ACP Group and the Cotonou Agreement, but the aid that is granted to it by the Union is charged to the Community budget, not to EDF. THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS 27 FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:41 Page 3 THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS 4 Introduction 5 What is the purpose of the EDF? 8 What is the origin of EDF resources? 11 Implementing the EDF 17 Who benefits from EDF financing? 20 Flexible procedures The National Programme The Regional Programme Management of EDF financial programmes 27 List of EDF beneficiary countries THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS 3 FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:41 Page 4 Introduction • The European Union is one of the main actors in the field of development cooperation and poverty reduction. Its contribution to development aid has grown considerably in recent years and the range of beneficiaries has broadened. From Latin America to Asia, the Mediterranean countries, the African, Caribbean and Pacific States plus many others, a large number of developing regions benefit from the Union’s financial support. • Today, the combined aid of the European Union and its Member States represents nearly 55% of public international development aid and more than two-thirds of grant aid. On its own, the European Commission, which executes all the Union’s decisions, manages 10% of the entire glo- bal public development aid, thus making it a priority partner for developing countries. Even now, when public aid is being drastically reduced worldwide, Union resources for development cooperation are still considerable. • The European Development Fund is a crucial instrument of the European Union’s development policy for ACP (Africa, Caribbean and Pacific) States. However, many people have never heard of this instrument or only know about it very vaguely. What is the purpose of the EDF? Who really benefits from it? In practice, how does it operate? These are a few of the questions that this publication attempts to answer. The idea behind The European Development Fund in a few words is to provide readers with basic facts on the objectives, characteristics and operating procedures of the main financial instrument for cooperation between the European Union and ACP States. 4 THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:42 Page 5 What is the purpose of the EDF? I The European Union has maintained cooperative development relations with a large number of developing countries for many years. The main purpose is to promote economic and social development with a particular focus on reducing and alleviating poverty in the long-term, by providing beneficiary countries with technical and financial assistance. To achieve this, the Union draws up the guidelines of the partnership and mobilises financial resources to implement the cooperation agreements. These Community resources allocated to development come from three sources: "The European Union budget "The European Development Fund "The European Investment Bank THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS 5 FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:42 Page 6 • The European Development Fund, or “EDF”, is the main financial instrument used for cooperation between the European Union and the Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States1. For more than forty years it has financed a whole series of development programmes and projects in the group of countries that concluded partnership agreements with the Union (successively the Yaoundé Agreements, the Lomé Conventions, and the Cotonou Agreement). The European Development Fund contributes as well to the development of some twenty Overseas Countries and Territories (OCTs)2 linked to the European Union. • Since the creation of the first European Development Fund in 1957, each new partnership agreement concluded by the Union with ACP countries and OCTs is associated with an overall fund to implement cooperation during a five- year period. A separate EDF is used for the execution of each of the Conventions except for “Lomé IV” in 1990 which lasted for a period of 10 years. It covered two financial protocols, and two EDFs, the 7th and 8th EDF. The 9th EDF, which begins with the new ACP Partnership Agreement, signed in June 2000 in Cotonou (Benin) will last for twenty years. It will take effect for the first five years after the Agreement has been ratified. Like the Yaoundé and Lomé Conventions before it, the Cotonou Agreement constitutes the legal basis of the development aid granted by the Union to the ACP States. 1 Today the ACP Group comprises 78 countries. South Africa does not benefit from the EDF because of its particular situation, although it belongs to the ACP Group and the Cotonou Agreement. Cuba is a member of the ACP Group but has not signed the Cotonou Agreement. It therefore does not benefit from the EDF. 2 These are some 20 territories mainly located in the Pacific and the Caribbean, enjoying various degrees of autonomy, asso- 6 THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS ciated with four Member States (France, Denmark, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom). FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:42 Page 7 The advantages of the EDF in a few points I The European Development Fund offers ... Grants: The vast majority of financial resources awarded to ACP States by the European Union through the EDF are grants. About 80% are given as subsidies or non-reimbursable aid. A significant volume of resources: The EDF resources are large and have increased with successive Conventions. About €13.5 billion for the 9th EDF plus additional funds, raises the total amount of ACP aid to €16.4 billion for five years. Long-term financing: As resources are allocated on a five-yearly basis, the actions financed by the EDF can easily be extended to give long-term support. Regular reviews allow for readjustment should the need arise. Flexibility in the system of allocations: The new system for allocating EDF resources gives priority and incentives to ACP States’ performance, as well as sanctioning poor results. Co-management mechanisms: The EDF has a joint management system that gives the beneficiary countries a large role. This also applies to the development of cooperation strategies and programme implementation. Resources accessible to civil society: The partnership with civil society offers civil society organisations more flexible possibi- lities for EDF funds. Support to the development of ACP regions: The EDF is a financial instrument to support regions as well as ACP States. It provi- des support to reinforce integration and regional cooperation. Stronger support for the fight against poverty: Through its activities in the social field and other development sectors, the EDF contributes greatly to improving the living conditions of the population and to reducing poverty. THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS 7 FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:42 Page 8 What is the origin of EDF resources? I Whereas Community aid to other regions of the world like Asia, Latin America, the Mediterranean or Eastern European countries, comes in general from the Community budget to which Member States contribute annually, the finance allocated to ACP States and OCTs via the EDF comes from another source. • The European Development Fund’s resources are not part of the Community budget. The Fund’s financial autonomy from the Community budget is an exception to the general scheme of Community finances, and is thus a unique instrument. However, if EDF resources do not come from the European Union’s annual budget, where do they come from? 8 THE EUROPEAN DEVELOPMENT FUND IN A FEW WORDS FED EN (flash) 1/10/02 14:42 Page 9 • The European Development Fund is derived from five-yearly “ad hoc” contributions from the Union Member States. Every five years, Member Country representatives meet at intergovernmental level to decide on an overall amount that will be allocated to the Fund and to oversee its implementation. This makes the EDF different from the components of the general budget as it operates according to its own financial regulations1. From the 1st to the 9th EDF, resources have steadily increased with the enlargement of the Union, and as cooperation has evolved and the number of ACP States has increased.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Post-Cotonou and the EU-African Relationship a Green Light for a Renewed Cooperation? Gauthier Schefer
    Post-Cotonou and the EU-African relationship A green light for a renewed cooperation? Gauthier Schefer DEPARTMENT OF EUROPEAN POLITICAL AND GOVERNANCE STUDIES Bruges Political Research Papers 77 / 2019 European Political and Governance Studies / Etudes politiques et de gouvernance européennes Bruges Political Research Papers / Cahiers de recherche politique de Bruges No 77 / November 2019 Post-Cotonou and the EU-African relationship A green light for a renewed cooperation? Gauthier Schefer © Gauthier Schefer About the author Gauthier Schefer is a young professional with experience in the agricultural and environmental policies of the EU and EU-African cooperation (development, trade). He holds an MA in European Political and Governance Studies from the College of Europe, Bruges and a Master’s degree from the Sorbonne University in African Politics. He previously published a paper on land politics in Uganda for the French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA). This paper is based on the author’s master’s thesis at the College of Europe under the supervision of Professor Wolfgang Wessels. The author would like to express my deepest gratitude to Professor Wolfgang Wessels and Andrea Sabatini for their advices and most helpful comments in the making of this research. Contact details [email protected] Editorial Team Michele Chang, Alexia Fafara, Frederik Mesdag, Eva Gerland, Laura Pierret, Andrea Sabatini, Rachele Tesei, Thijs Vandenbussche, and Olivier Costa Fax +32 (0) 50 477 280 ׀ Tel. +32 (0) 50 477 281 ׀ Dijver 11, B-8000 Bruges, Belgium website www.coleurope.eu/pol ׀ email [email protected] Views expressed in the Bruges Political Research Papers are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect positions of either the series editors or the College of Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Revision of Article 13 on Migration of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement
    The revision of Article 13 on Migration of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement What’s at stake for the ACP? Eleonora Koeb and Henrike Hohmeister February 2010 Article 13 on ‘Migration’ is a priority issue for European Union (EU) member states in the revision of the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA). However, the ongoing revision process scheduled to be finalised at the end of February 2010 does not seem to be high on anyone’s agenda. This is a shame, as surely it is in the interest of both parties to make the most of this framework for ACP-EU relations that will expire in 2020. The CPA is the largest North-South partnership in the world and with its co-decision, joint management and Non- State-Actors participation principles, is regarded by some also as one of the most progressive cooperation frameworks. Its future after 2020 is nevertheless unclear and the current revision is an opportunity to ensure that it remains relevant in a changing context. 1 Background The current Article 13 of the Cotonou Agreement came into existence in 2000 and was not revised in 2005 (see Annex 1 for text). It builds on the ‘Joint declaration on ACP migrant workers and ACP students in the Community’ of Annex V of the 1985 Lomé III Convention. The article addresses ACP-EU dialogue on migration, respect for human rights, fair treatment of legally residing ACP nationals, tackling root causes of migration, training of ACP nationals, illegal immigration and readmission. In this present revision, the parties agreed to update the current provisions to reflect the development of thinking and cooperation in the area in line with the EU’s Global Approach1 and to strengthen the provisions on migration and development.
    [Show full text]
  • Revised Cotonou Agreement (2005)
    DEVELOPMENT Partnership Agreement ACP-EC Signed in Cotonou on 23 June 2000 Revised in Luxembourg on 25 June 2005 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DE-132 SEPT 2006 Partnership Agreement ACP-EC Signed in Cotonou on 23 June 2000 Revised in Luxembourg on 25 June 2005 This brochure has been published in English and French by the European Commission, Directorate-General for Development and Relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific States. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. This can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu/) Luxembourg, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006 ISBN: 92-79-00567-7 © European Communities, 2006 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Belgium, September 2006 THE COTONOU AGREEMENT BENEFITS THE POOREST The international development agenda: 5 years of the Cotonou Agreement Much has happened since that historic moment on 23 June 2000 when the ACP-EC Partnership Agreement was signed, marking the beginning of a new era in the relationship between the ACP States and the European Union. The strengthening of the international development agenda has taken place against a background of an accelerated globalisation process, a rise in international terrorism and conflicts in the poorest countries, increased migratory flows and a rise in illicit trafficking and LOUIS MICHEL global environmental threats. Five years after the signature of the Cotonou Agreement the need for European Commissioner progress in development is more pressing today than ever before. for Development and Humanitarian Aid The priority is, and remains, poverty eradication and sustainable develop- ment.
    [Show full text]
  • Information Guide EU-ACP Relations
    Information Guide EU-ACP Relations A guide to the European Union’s relations with the African, Caribbean and Pacific States, with hyperlinks to sources of information within European Sources Online and on external websites Contents Introduction .................................................................................................. 2 Background and legal basis ............................................................................. 2 The ACP Group of States ................................................................................ 3 The Cotonou Agreement ................................................................................. 4 Support for the Least Developed and Highly Indebted Poor Countries .................. 12 Cooperation with Africa ................................................................................. 13 European Consensus on Development ............................................................. 16 The future of ACP-EU cooperation ................................................................... 19 Information sources in the ESO database ........................................................ 20 Further information sources on the internet ..................................................... 20 Copyright © 2013 Cardiff EDC. All rights reserved. 1 Cardiff EDC is part of the University Library Service at Cardiff University Introduction We should see our reflections on the future of ACP-EU relations as a unique opportunity for us to establish a relevant, modern relationship that builds
    [Show full text]
  • Effectiveness of Developing Country Participation in Acp-Eu Negotiations
    Working Paper EFFECTIVENESS OF DEVELOPING COUNTRY PARTICIPATION IN ACP-EU NEGOTIATIONS Henri-Bernard Solignac Lecomte October 2001 Overseas Development Institute 111 Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7JD UK 2 ISBN 0 85003562 7 © Overseas Development Institute 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers. 3 Contents Overseas Development Institute.......................................................................................... 1 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 5 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7 Non-LDCs........................................................................................................................7 2. Past ACP-EU trade negotiations ........................................................................................... 8 2.1 The origins of Lomé and Cotonou.................................................................................. 8 2.2 Preferential margins under Lomé: less than meets the eye?......................................... 12 2.3 The
    [Show full text]
  • The Cotonou Agreement: Will It Successfully Improve the Small Island Economies of the Caribbean?, 27 B.C
    Boston College International and Comparative Law Review Volume 27 | Issue 1 Article 5 12-1-2004 The otC onou Agreement: Will it Successfully Improve the Small Island Economies of the Caribbean? Regina Gerrick Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr Part of the Law and Economics Commons Recommended Citation Regina Gerrick, The Cotonou Agreement: Will it Successfully Improve the Small Island Economies of the Caribbean?, 27 B.C. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 131 (2004), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/iclr/vol27/iss1/5 This Notes is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE COTONOU AGREEMENT: WILL IT SUCCESSFULLY IMPROVE THE SMALL ISlAND ECONOMIES OF THE CARIBBEAN? REGINA GERRICK* Abstract: On June 23, 2000, after eighteen months of negotiations, the European Union (EU) and its Member States signed a new partnership agreement with the African, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) states in Cotonou, Benin, called the Cotonou Agreement. This twenty-year part­ nership agreement with seventy-seven ACP states replaced the Lome Convention, which had provided the structure for trade and cooperation between the ACP states and the EU since 1975. The Cotonou Agreement focuses on poverty reduction as its principal objective, which will be achieved through political dialogue, develop-ment aid, and closer economic and trade cooperation. This Note discusses the structure of the Cotonou Agreement and analyzes the various effects the Agreement will have on the ACP countries, par-ticularly, the countries of the Caribbean.
    [Show full text]
  • ACP-EC Convention of Lome ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement
    ACP-EC Convention of Lome ACP-EC Cotonou Agreement Annual report of the ACP-EC Council of Ministers (2000) A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2002 ISBN 92-824-2055-8 © European Communities, 2002 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Printed in Italy PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER CONVENTION ACP-CE DE LOME ACP-EC CONVENTION OF LOME LE CONSEIL THE COUNCIL LES SECRET AIRES THE SECRETARIES Brussels, 1 9 -09- 2001 The Hon. Mr John Corrie The Hon. Mr Serge Clair Co-Chairmen of the ACP-EC Joint Parliamentary Assembly, 102 European Parliament, LUXEMBOURG Sirs, At its meeting in Brussels on 11 May 2001, the ACP-EC Council of Ministers instructed the Committee of Ambassadors, in conjunction with the Secretaries of the Council of Ministers, to fmalize the Annual Report which it has to publish pursuant to Article 342 paragraph 4 of the Fourth ACP-EC Convention, as amended by the agreement signed in Mauritius on 4 November 1995, and to forward it to the Joint Parliamentary Assembly. As this report has now been fmally approved, we are pleased to communicate the text thereof to the Joint Parliamentary Assembly in order that it may be examined by that body in accordance with Article 350 of the revised Fourth ACP-EC Convention. The necessary copies of this text will be made available to your services as soon as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Press Release
    JOINT PRESS RELEASE 2 June, 2017 Funafuti, Tuvalu For Immediate Release Enhanced High Level Political Dialogue between Tuvalu and the European Union The first enhanced High Level Political Dialogue between Tuvalu and the European Union under the Cotonou Agreement was held in Funafuti on 31 of May. The meeting was chaired on Tuvalu side by the Prime Minister Honourable Enele Sosene Sopoaga, and H.E. Andrew Jacobs, Ambassador to Tuvalu and Head of Delegation of the European Union for the Pacific. Cabinet Ministers, a Member of Parliament and senior Government officials were present at the Dialogue. The Parties reviewed bilateral relations between Tuvalu and the European Union and discussed possibilities to intensify trade relations and strengthen co-operation in regional and international matters of common concern. The Political Dialogue Meeting was organised in the framework of Article 8 of the Cotonou Agreement which provide for regular exchange of views at the highest level, covering all subjects of mutual interest, including respect for human rights, good governance, democratic principles and the rule of law. After the meeting, the Prime Minister Honourable Enele Sosene Sopoaga said: "The people and Government of Tuvalu wish to convey their appreciation and commendation to the European Union for the continuing development cooperation to Tuvalu which has impacted positively on the lives of Tuvaluan citizens. The effective partnership which is based on trust and respect has complemented Tuvalu’s own efforts to progress in its political, economic, social and sustainable development aspirations. Tuvalu recognises the importance of the deliberations on furthering the partnership between the European Union and the African, Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP) Group beyond the Cotonou Agreement and is looking forward to actively participate in this process.
    [Show full text]
  • From Eurafrica to Multilateralism: the Europeanization of France's Africa Policy
    From Eurafrica to Multilateralism: The Europeanization of France's Africa Policy by ANDREW WESLEY PASCAL IVERSON B.A., Trinity Western University, 2002 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (European Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA April 2007 © Andrew Wesley Pascal Iverson, 2007 11 Abstract This paper explores the forces driving the far-reaching changes in French Africa policy over the past fifty years. Why has France's Africa policy changed? How has France's position within the EU affected these changes? Has French Africa policy "Europeanized"? After placing my approach in the context of the wider field of Europeanization research, this paper explores exceptionalism in French colonial policy and discusses its legacy in the EC's early Africa policy. I will demonstrate that in the first years of EC policy, France managed to impose its national agenda on the EC level. I then show that this changed by the mid-1970s as the EC gained a strengthened identity in the area of development policy. Based on analysis of changes in military policy, political discourse styles, and institutions, this paper will show that EC development policy has significantly shaped the context of France's current policy in Africa. iii Table of Contents Abstract ii Table of Contents iii List of Abbreviations iv Acknowledgements v Introduction 1 Chapter One - Theoretical Approach Contrasting Scholarly Approaches to Europeanization 6 The Concept of Europeanization of
    [Show full text]
  • Fact Sheet Nb.1 Understanding the Economic Partnership Agreements
    Analytical Note SC/AN/TDP/EPA/1 Original: English FACT SHEET NB.1 UNDERSTANDING THE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENTS (EPAS) SYNOPSIS This Analytical Note is part of a series of Fact Sheets designed to overview and assess the development implications of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs), which the EU is currently negotiating with 75 countries in Africa, the Caribbean and Pacific (ACP). The purpose of these Fact Sheets is to examine the existing material on EPAs and to provide an analysis of their potential impact on ACP countries. The Fact Sheets seek to increase the understanding of the substantive issues at stake in the negotiations, thereby enabling policy-makers, lobbyists and campaigners to make informed decisions about how to engage with EPAs. This Fact Sheet Nb.1 consists of an overall introduction to the EPA and describes their nature and structure, their objectives, and their timelines. March 2007 Geneva, Switzerland These Fact Sheets are being prepared, published and disseminated by the South Centre as a contribution to the EPA debate. They build on research conducted by Mr. Mayur Patel, Doctoral Researcher in International Development, Oxford University. They have been financially supported by OXFAM International, but do not necessarily reflect Oxfam campaign positions. This South Centre Analytical Note is produced by the South Centre to contribute to the better participation of developing countries in trade and development negotiations. Readers are encouraged to quote or reproduce the contents of this South Centre Analysis for their own use, but are requested to grant due acknowledgement to the South Centre and to send a copy of the publication in which such quote or reproduction appears to the South Centre.
    [Show full text]
  • FACT SHEET Cotonou Agreement After 2020 and Its Importance to The
    FACT SHEET: COTONOU AGREEMENT AFTER 2020 AND ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE PACIFIC What is the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA) between the African, Caribbean and Pacific Countries (ACP) and the European Union (EU)? The Cotonou Partnership Agreement is the legally binding framework outlining relations between the ACP countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP) and the EU. It is one of the oldest and most comprehensive frameworks of cooperation between the north and south. Signed in 2000 for a period of 20 years, the Cotonou Partnership Agreement unites more than one hundred countries (79 ACP countries + 28 EU Member States). The ACP group was created by the Georgetown Agreement in 1975. The Pacific ACP States (PACP) within the ACP consists of 15 countries in the Pacific region1. Why the post-Cotonou negotiations? The Cotonou Partnership expires in February 2020. A new Partnership Agreement would need to be negotiated taking into account the current shifts in geo-politics as well as other emerging aspects and changed circumstances not covered under the Cotonou Agreement. The ACP Negotiating Mandate for a post-Cotonou Partnership Agreement was adopted in May 2018, whilst the Council of the European Union approved its Negotiating directives in June 2018, wherein negotiations commenced in October 2018. Why is it important to the region? The main aim of the Agreement is to reduce and eradicate poverty and promote the integration of ACP States into the global economy. It is mainly financed by the European Development Fund (EDF), a financial instrument outside the general budget of the European Union that has contributed significantly to the Pacific region both nationally and regionally with non-refundable financial assistance in the form of grants.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Contemporary European Research African Agency and EU
    Journal of Contemporary European Research Volume 16, Issue 2 (2020) Research Article African Agency and EU-ACP relations beyond the Cotonou Agreement Stephen R. Hurt Citation Hurt, S.R. (2020). ‘African Agency and EU-ACP relations beyond the Cotonou Agreement’, Journal of Contemporary European Research 16 (2): 139-162. https://doi.org/ 10.30950/jcer.v16i2.1075 First published at: www.jcer.net Abstract With the Cotonou Agreement due to expire in 2020, formal negotiations towards a new partnership agreement between the EU and African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) states began in September 2018. Based on the acceptance of the EU’s negotiating mandate, the new arrangement will be primarily organised via three specific regional protocols with each of the ACP regions. Meanwhile, the Joint Africa-EU Strategy (JAES) launched in 2007, has seen the African Union (AU) gain increased prominence as an institutional partner of the EU. Given its ambitious pan-African agenda, it adopted an alternative ‘African’ vision for future EU-ACP relations, to the mandate agreed by the ACP states and expressed a willingness to become directly involved in the negotiations. This article contributes an important new case-study to the existing literature on ‘African agency’ in international politics by considering the scope for Africa to exert agency within the post-Cotonou negotiations, given the negotiation of a specific regional compact with Africa. It adopts a structurally embedded view of agency, based on Cox’s understanding of historical structures, as a fit between institutions, ideas and material relations. The central argument is that, in comparison to the negotiation of the Cotonou Agreement two decades ago, there is greater scope for African agency.
    [Show full text]