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West Arsi Zone Oromia Region, South Central, Ethiopia

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West Arsi Zone Oromia Region, South Central, Ethiopia CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN KOKOSA WOREDA: WEST ARSI ZONE OROMIA REGION, SOUTH CENTRAL, ETHIOPIA. BY GUTO WAKO AUGUST, 2017 ARBA MINCH, ETHIOPIA CHALLENGES OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT KOKOSA WOREDA: WEST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, SOUTH CENTRAL ETHIOPIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, COLLAGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITIES, SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ART IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES BY GUTO WAKO PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ART IN GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AUGUST, 2017 ARBA MINCH DECLARATION This is to certify that the Thesis entitled “Challenges of sustainable forest resource management Kokosa woreda: The Case Kokosa woreda West Arsi zone, Oromia Regional State, South central Ethiopia” is my original work and has not been presented for a degree in any other university, and that all sources of material used for the thesis have been duly acknowledged. Name: Guto wako Signature: _____________________ Date: ________________________ i APPROVAL SHEETS SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY ADVISORS’ THESIS SUBMISSION APPROVAL SHEET This is to certify that the Thesis entitled “Challenges of sustainable forest resource management: The Case Kokosa woreda West Arsi zone, Oromia Regional State, South central Ethiopia.”submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master’s in Geography and Environmental Studies for the Graduate Program of the Department/School of Geography and Environmental Studies, and has been carried out by Guto Wako Koroso Id. No SMA/080/05, under my/our supervision. Therefore, I/we recommend that the student has fulfilled the requirements and hence hereby can submit the thesis to the department for defense. ______________________ _____________ ____________ Name of Principal advisor Signature Date ______________________ _____________ ____________ Name of co-advisor Signature Date ii SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES ARBA MINCH UNIVERSITY EXAMINERS’ THESIS APPROVAL SHEET We, the undersigned, members of the Board of Examiners of the final open defense by Guto Wako Koroso have read and evaluated his/her thesis “Challenges of sustainable forest resource management Kokosa woreda: The Case Kokosa woreda West Arsi zone, Oromia Regional State, Southern Ethiopia” ,and examined the candidate’s oral presentation. This is, therefore, to certify that the thesis has been accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree with minor corrections. _____________________. ___________ ________________ Name of the Chairperson Signature Date __________ ___________ _______________ Name of Principal Advisor Signature Date ____________________. ______________ ___________________ Name of Co-Advisor Signature Date ______________________. ______________ _______________ Name of External examiner Signature Date ___________________. _____________ _____________ SGS Approval Signature Date Final approval and acceptance of the thesis is contingent upon the submission of the final four copies of the thesis to the Department of the candidate’s on the satisfaction of the advisor. Stamp of Department Date:____________ iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises to The God Almighty who has created this world of knowledge for us. I am deeply thankful to my advisor, DR. Yichalew Kebede and my Co advisor Candidate of PHD Abren Galew , for his persistent help in all the steps of the thesis, from title selection to writing the final report. His way of teaching, continuous guidance, feedbacks, advices and encouragements have been truly exceptional and learnable. Besides, his support, constructive criticisms, flexibility and kindness inspired me greatly and helped me to successfully complete my MA program. I am grateful to the residents of the study sites who gave me their precious time to discuss about Factors affecting sustainable Management of foerst, answering the questionnaires and replying many queries. I am very grateful to my best friend Lole Aschalo who took his time to patiently review my thesis suppot me by all aspect especial when data collection time. My heartfelt thanks also go to my friends Gobena Emamu,and Abayine Ejigayo, for their hospitality and cooperation. iv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS CI Conservation International CIFR Center for International Forestry Research CSA Central Statistical Authority EARO Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization EEPFE Environmental Economics Policy Forum for Ethiopia EPA Environmental Protection Authority EPE Environmental Protection of Ethiopia FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia GFRA Global Forest Resource Assessment GIS Geographical Information System GPS Global Positioning System ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization KWARDO Kokosa Woreda Agricultural and rural development office LU/LCC Land Use Land Cover Change MC Magnitude of Change SFM Sustainable Forest Management UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFCCC United Nations Framework on Clime Change v Table of Content Content Page DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... i APPROVAL SHEETS .................................................................................................................................. ii EXAMINERS’ THESIS APPROVAL SHEET ................................................................................................. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... iv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ......................................................................................................... v Table of Content .................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... ix List of Figure ........................................................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER ONE ......................................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Objective of the Study ............................................................................................................ 6 1.4 Research Questions ................................................................................................................ 6 1.5 Significance of the Study ........................................................................................................ 7 1.6 Scope of the Study .................................................................................................................. 7 1.7 Limitations of the Study ......................................................................................................... 8 1.8 Organization of the Paper ...................................................................................................... 8 1.9 Operational Definition of Terms ............................................................................................. 9 2. LITERETURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Concept of sustainable management of forest .................................................................... 10 2.1.1 Forest management ..................................................................................................... 11 2.1.2 Sustainable forest management .................................................................................. 11 2.1.3 Forests of the World ..................................................................................................... 12 2.1.4 World Deforestation ..................................................................................................... 12 2.1.5 Forest conservation and Management in Sub Saharan Africa ..................................... 13 2.1.6 Forest Resources of Ethiopia ........................................................................................ 13 vi 2.1.7 General Background of Forest Resource in Ethiopia ........................................................ 15 2.2 Forest Resources of Oromia National Regional State .......................................................... 15 2.3 The Use of Forest Resource in Ethiopia ................................................................................ 16 2.4 Socio-economic factors and forest conservation and management ................................... 16 2.5 Contribution of forest
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