Chemical Weapons and Munitions
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
2. History of Chemical and Biological Warfare
History of Chemical and Biological Warfare: An American Perspective Chapter 2 HISTORY OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE: AN AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE JEFFERY K. SMART, M.A.* INTRODUCTION PRE–WORLD WAR I DEVELOPMENTS WORLD WAR I THE 1920S: THE LEAN YEARS THE 1930S: THE GROWING THREAT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE THE 1940S: WORLD WAR II AND THE NUCLEAR AGE THE 1950S: HEYDAY OF THE CHEMICAL CORPS THE 1960S: DECADE OF TURMOIL THE 1970S: THE NEAR END OF THE CHEMICAL CORPS THE 1980S: THE RETURN OF THE CHEMICAL CORPS THE 1990S: THE THREAT MATERIALIZES SUMMARY *Command Historian, U.S. Army Chemical and Biological Defense Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5423 9 Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare INTRODUCTION Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary defines or biological warfare went virtually unnoticed by the term “chemical warfare,” first used in 1917, the U.S. Army. By the end of World War I, the situ- as “tactical warfare using incendiary mixtures, ation had drastically changed. Chemical warfare smokes, or irritant, burning, poisonous, or asphyx- had been used against and by American soldiers iating gases.” A working definition of a chem- on the battlefield. Biological warfare had been used ical agent is “a chemical which is intended for covertly on several fronts. In an effort to determine use in military operations to kill, seriously injure, what had gone wrong with their planning and train- or incapacitate man because of its physiological ing, U.S. Army officers prepared a history of chemi- effects. Excluded from consideration are riot con- cal and biological warfare. To their surprise, they trol agents, chemical herbicides and smoke found numerous documented cases of chemical and and flame materials.”1(p1-1) Chemical agents were biological agents having been used or proposed to usually divided into five categories: nerve agents, influence the outcome of a battle or campaign. -
Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare, Index
Index INDEX A Aircrew uniform, integrated battlefield (AUIB), 373 Air delivery Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, 398, 409–410 history, 28, 31, 34–35, 49–50 See also Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland See also Aerosol; Inhalational injury; specific agent ABG Airplane smoke tanks, 31 See Arterial blood gases (ABG) AIT Abortion See Aeromedical Isolation Team (AIT) septic, in brucellosis, 516 Alarms, 377–383 Abrin, 610, 632 biological agent, 431 Abrus precatorius, 610, 632 history, 23, 53, 60–62, 66–67 AC LOPAIR, E33 Area Scanning, 53 See Hydrogen cyanide (AC) M8A1 Automatic Chemical Agent, 380–381 Acetaminophen, 627 M21 Remote Sensing Chemical Agent (RSCAAL), 381 Acetylcholine (ACh), 132–134, 136, 159, 647 Portable Automatic Chemical Agent, 60–62 Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), 131–132, 134, 182–184 See also Detection Acetylene tetrachloride, 34 Alastrim, 543 Acid hydrolysis, 355 Alexander, Stewart, 103 Action potential, 133 Algal toxins, 457, 609, 617 Activated charcoal, 217, 362–363, 366, 370, 373, 670 Alimentary toxic aleukia (ATA), 659, 667 Adamsite Alkaline hydrolysis, 355 See DM (diphenylaminearsine) Allergic contact sensitivity, 238–239, 249, 314, 316–317 Additives, 122 a -Naphthylthiourea (ANTU), 638 Adenine arabinoside (Ara-A), 553 Alphaviruses, 562 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 275, 383, 431 antigenic classification, 564–565 S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, 552 structure and replication, 569–570 Adenoviridae, 575, 683 See also Viral encephalitides; specific virus Adrenaline, 132 Alphavirus virion, 569 Adrenergic nervous system, -
Distribution Date: November 3, 2010
TRANSMITTAL MEMORANDUM To: Distribution Date: November 3, 2010 Subject: Technical Memorandum, CWM-Related Responses and Reports, Former Fort Ord, California Enclosed for your information is: Technical Memorandum, CWM-Related Responses and Reports, Former Fort Ord, California. This technical memorandum is a secondary document produced as part of the Fort Ord Munitions Response (MR) program and serves to document all available reports of the presence of potential CWM and all incident responses in which materials thought to contain CWM were encountered at Fort Ord. This memorandum describes how each of these reports and incidents was brought to the Army’s attention, the steps that were taken to verify the presence or absence of CWM, the results of analyses, follow-up documentation, and the final outcome of each incident. Should you have any questions, please contact Melissa Broadston, Community Relations, U.S. Army, Fort Ord BRAC Field Office at (831) 393-1284 or by e-mail at [email protected]. MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. 1465 North McDowell Boulevard, Suite 200 • Petaluma, California 94954 • Phone: 707 793 3800 • Fax: 707 793 3900 Technical Memorandum, CWM-Related Responses and Reports November 2, 2010 Former Fort Ord, California MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc., Project No. 4088107669 05.2 FP63731_Tech Memo CWM Report Technical Memorandum CWM-Related Responses and Reports Former Fort Ord, California MACTEC Project No. 4088107669 05.2 This document was prepared by MACTEC Engineering and Consulting, Inc. (MACTEC) on behalf of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) – Sacramento District, for the sole use of the USACE, the only intended beneficiary of this work. -
Comprehensive Report
front cover_light box_volume black Comprehensive Report of the Special Advisor to the DCI on Iraq’s WMD With Addendums 30 September 2004 volume III of III Final Cut 8.5 X 11 with Full Bleed For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800: DC area (202)512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP. Washington, DC 20402-00001 ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072488-6 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072488-0 (Vol. 1) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072489-3 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072489-9 (Vol. 2) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072490-9 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072490-2 (Vol. 3) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072491-6 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072491-0 (Addendum) ISBN-13: 978-0-16-072492-3 / ISBN-10: 0-16-072492-9 (Set) Iraq’s Chemical Warfare Program By God, spare us your evil. Pick up your goods and leave. We do not need an atomic bomb. We have the dual chemical. Let them take note of this. We have the dual chemical. It exists in Iraq.1 Chemical 1 Saddam speaking about the Israeli, US, and UK intelligence services and Iraq’s development of binary CW munitions in a speech on 2 April 1990. (Foreign Broadcast Information Service 021329 April 1990). This page intentionally left blank. Contents Key Findings............................................................................................................................................ 1 Evolution of the Chemical Warfare Program........................................................................................... 5 Regime Strategy and WMD Timeline .......................................................................................... 5 The Early Years, 1960-1980: A Slow Start................................................................................... 5 The Chemical Corps and Al-Hasan Ibn-al-Haytham Research Foundation....................... -
Review of the Army Non-Stockpile
Review of the Army Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Disposal Program: Disposal of Chemical Agent Identification Sets Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Disposal Program, Board on Army Science and Technology, National Research Council ISBN: 0-309-59394-8, 150 pages, 8.5 x 11, (1999) This free PDF was downloaded from: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/9731.html Visit the National Academies Press online, the authoritative source for all books from the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the National Research Council: • Download hundreds of free books in PDF • Read thousands of books online, free • Sign up to be notified when new books are published • Purchase printed books • Purchase PDFs • Explore with our innovative research tools Thank you for downloading this free PDF. If you have comments, questions or just want more information about the books published by the National Academies Press, you may contact our customer service department toll-free at 888-624-8373, visit us online, or send an email to [email protected]. This free book plus thousands more books are available at http://www.nap.edu. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. Permission is granted for this material to be shared for noncommercial, educational purposes, provided that this notice appears on the reproduced materials, the Web address of the online, full authoritative version is retained, and copies are not altered. To disseminate otherwise or to republish requires written -
2000 Research Results History of Chemical Warfare Materiel At
Research Results History of Chemical Warfare Materiel at PACAF Bases mm Installations in Alaska HI O HARTcWRSwER Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Alaska District Contract No. DACA85-95-D-0010 Delivery Order No. 30 Alaska District and Pacific Air Forces March 1, 2000 A-8534 I www. hartrov-ior.e: cor I HRTCAROWSER Delivering smarter solutions I I Achorags To: 3 CES/CEVR Date: March 1, 2000 6326 Arctic Warrior Drive Elmendorf AFB, AK 99506-3240 Job No.: 8534-00 I Bc;ten I Attn: Mr. Joe Williamson Re: Materiel at PACAF Bases I Chicago I 03/00 1 Research Results - Installations in Alaska I Denver These are transmitted: Fairbanks D Foryour D For action C For review I Foryour O As requested information specifiedbelow and comment use Please call if you have any questions. Thank you. Jersey City Juneau Long Beach By: C - 3- ,.- -. - Elisabeth Black Copies to: Title: Project Industrial Hygienist Portland Seattle 1910 Fairview Avenue East Seattle, Washington 98102-3699 Fax 206.328.5581 Tel 206.324.9530 CONTENTS Page ACRONYMS iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 BACKGROUND 2 2.1 Chemical Warfare Organizations 2 2.2 Chemical Agents 3 2.3 Chemical Agent Movement 5 2.4 Chemical Agent Storage 6 2.5 Chemical Warfare Materiel Disposal 7 2.6 Chemical Defense and Training 8 3.0 ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION SOURCES 9 4.0 PRESENTATION OF RESEARCH RESULTS 10 4.1 The Air Force in Alaska, 1930s-1960s 11 4.2 Toxic Chemical Munitions at Air Force Sites in Alaska 12 4.3 Chemical Agent Identification Sets at Air Force Sites in Alaska 20 5.0 EVALUATION -
Army Chemical Review Submitting an Article To
USACMLS DSN 676-XXXX Army Chemical Review (ACR) (ISSN COMMANDANT 0899-7047) is prepared twice a year by the BG Stanley H. Lillie 573-563-8053 US Army Chemical School, Fort Leonard <[email protected]> Wood, Missouri. ACR presents profes- sional information about Chemical Corps ASSISTANT COMMANDANT functions related to nuclear, biological, COL Gary R. Wallace 573-563-8054 <[email protected]> chemical, smoke, flame field expedients, and CBRN reconnaissance in combat sup- CHIEF OF STAFF port. The objectives of ACR are to inform, LTC James Gallagher 573-563-8052 motivate, increase knowledge, improve <[email protected]> performance, and provide a forum for the COMMAND SERGEANT MAJOR exchange of ideas. This publication pre- CSM Patrick Z. Alston 573-563-8053 sents professional information, but the <[email protected]> views expressed herein are those of the authors, not the Department of Defense 3d CHEMICAL BRIGADE/DSN 581-XXXX or its elements. The content does not nec- COL Leslie Smith 573-596-0016 essarily reflect the official US Army posi- <[email protected]> tion and does not change or supersede any 82d CHEMICAL BATTALION information in other US Army publications. LTC Maria Gervais 573-596-0131, 64835 The use of news items constitutes neither <[email protected]> affirmation of their accuracy nor product endorsement. 84th CHEMICAL BATTALION Articles may be reprinted if credit is LTC William Steele 573-596-0131, 65358 <[email protected]> given to ACR and its authors. All photo- graphs are official US Army photographs 58th TRANSPORTATION BATTALION unless otherwise noted.