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Journal of Constructivist Psychology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713659385 Depotentiation of Symptom-Producing Implicit Memory in Coherence Therapy Bruce Ecker a; Brian Toomey b a Private practice in psychotherapy, Oakland, California, USA b Clinical Psychology Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA

Online Publication Date: 01 April 2008 To cite this Article: Ecker, Bruce and Toomey, Brian (2008) 'Depotentiation of Symptom-Producing Implicit Memory in Coherence Therapy', Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 21:2, 87 - 150 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/10720530701853685 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720530701853685

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method other pattern a the into distill exactly teraction that discern to fostered to process; successfully it); change had about interaction client client–therapist the which querying hindsight by in of necessary accurately elements very (if change the of identify process to internal client’s is, the methodology—that the of shaping symptom lasting to Hulley unambiguously or the led Ecker of that cessation. of scrutiny experience client close an therapy through had a sought and was whenever processes This phenomenology native change. system’s of brain–mind–body rules the identify to h bevto fcnitn,srkn fetvns resulting effectiveness striking consistent, of observation The ex- in-session clients’ that finding the was result principal A were process this by in selected not methods Therapeutic the guide phenomenology native the let to was aim The .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. 2 h olo hssuywas study this of goal The Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 iiy rsnpi hne epooeatrepr ento of definition three-part neuroplasticity: a of propose use optimal psy- We the neuroplas- effective change. for synaptic capacity maximally brain’s or a the ticity, of of use optimal feature an defining is framework. chotherapy a orienting for that an and create suggest psychotherapy, to We for necessary us, is for it so territory neurobiology, new is change and peutic learning plasticity, 2004, (Olson, for understanding” satisfactory regulated 23). a p. are have do they we memory, how “Al- synapses how and of states, understanding complete Kandel work different a have Eric 1,000 not do laureate we than though synapses Nobel More of operation neurotransmitters. 16). the controlling and p. what in know agents 2004, active we are (Olson, Now proteins are” are. some synapses them what of of knew components only key we the ago Massachusetts of years assessed. the “Ten Technology, be at of researcher to Institute neurophysiology begin a can to psychotherapy According holis- of the be- and phenomenology sciences correspondences brain tic the the of where findings has reductionist point the Neuroscience tween the possible processes. to be and developed correspond should rules recently rules it neurodynamic phenomenological to correct, these closely is that change demonstrate of to rules built-in tem’s to strive they and implementation rules. change, those biochemical of of and too “rules” physiological exact of Neuroscientists the terms physiology, identify molecules. in brain’s write the and and of rules think genes, level and synapses, reductionistic processes native the neurons, brain’s on the change of of knowledge complex Hulley a and Ecker model living, production. comprehensive in symptom a of as problems coherence” “symptom and defined coherence (1996) symptoms the clients their irrational all virtually of seemingly with clients’ verifying themes simple Upon cogent maintaining symptoms. of the actually revealing development purposes and and the detecting quickly to for methods led approaches, counteractive tepigt oe h scoilg fotmlthera- optimal of psychobiology the model to Attempting sys- brain–mind–body the of account therapy’s coherence If developed has neuropsychology in research Independently, mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit most 89 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 b ntebanrgosadnua iciscuigsymptom causing circuits neural and regions brain the in (b) Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ 90 s fatnini h eta ciiyo oeec hrp.A therapy. coherence of activity central the is attention guiding of involve use created are client’s that the experiences the methodology, address will above. we listed methodology, prosymptom strands of three transform areas the (3) these of and coherence each integrate, For defines positions. (2) experiences discover, that of (1) creation methodology The that components: the main clinical three described article, has complete As therapy prior 2004). more 2000a, our skills 1996, a Hulley, in and & (for Ecker techniques implementation see finer-grain discussion, its the in not involved methodology, the of symptoms of range wide rapidly. a and reliably of production efficiently be ending specific can depotentiated, the production how symptom driving of memories knowledge implicit phenomonological and neural of eec,adtecs xml fCrl u ups o sto is now the purpose co- Our particularly symptom Carol. of of here, example delineate: definition case assumed the the and therapy, is herence, coherence 2007) of Ecker, overview & (Toomey a as article following the and optimization. this psychotherapeutic in of definition gauge this use neuroplastic- will of We recruitment ity. optimal an as regarded be reasonably a erimn ftems oettpso yatcchange, synaptic of types potent most the of recruitment (a) c ntesots iecl erlypossible. neurally timescale shortest the on (c) h erlmcaim fcag htaepasbyrecruited plausibly are that procedures. change these by of mechanisms and change; neural for the rules how those and follow therapy efficiently coherence they of de- procedures terms; methodological as phenomenological the change in therapy for coherence rules by fined built-in system’s brain–mind–body the production, ti lowrhntn navneta nec rao the of area each in that advance in noting worth also is It features main the only consider we exceptions, few With fabric unified a form together, woven strands, three These aiirt ihtepeiu fis)atcei hsseries this in article (first) previous the with Familiarity could that when and where what, the specifies definition This attention nseilzdwy.Tecoherence-guided The ways. specialized in .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 xeinilpeoeooia em n hni em ftheir substrates. of neurodynamic terms probable in then and terms experiential–phenomenological r cesbet wrns,ntteucncosshm itself schema unconscious the not awareness, to accessible are Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ the as them work. uses discovery the and or for system rules capacities guiding brain–mind–body native the following of the processes identifies therapy Coherence the with cooperation neural accurate and change. in experiential of processes the deployed native be attention will of article effects this of theme central eteprecn tnsi otaito oteve ncognitive manifested di- in the view prompt, only the for that to available psychology contradiction and rule, in stands a Ecker experiencing as by rect are, observation production symptom The driv- schemas ing and inaccessible. constructs unconscious/implicit is the purpose- that it Hulley or that habitually whether only not unattended, means fully, chronically evidently is construct it personal The that a them. awareness of into experiential attention status bring into unconscious accurately brought accessing that be methods the unconscious can through for and passage usually childhood requirement session; decades in intrinsic formed first for an constructs the not Even is occur. from to se time, unconscious per any the suitably time at to of of occur attention minutes of can guiding material few The a process. designed after unconscious, constructs fully nonverbal, symptom-requiring and longstanding, access can experience person a directly that therapy coherence observation out frequent the carrying in while apparent is 2004) 2000a, 1996, Hulley, cesn hmrqie ehd htmthterqualitative their structures. match knowledge that as characteristics methods requires them Accessing subjectively, somatically. them emotionally, experiencing through occurs them Accessing ac- immediately awareness. are to cessible constructs personal implicit Unconscious, The therapy’s coherence in first these, of each describe will We meit cesblt fucncosconstructs unconscious of accessibility immediate h raino xeine htDiscover That Experiences of Creation The mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit rsmtmPositions Prosymptom 3 effects fa mlctschema implicit an of Ekr& (Ecker 91 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 pnaeu opeino h etnefamn,“fIwr to feel were I’d husband, I a my “If experience with fragment, sex to having sentence guided like the was Carol of example. completion case position, spontaneous our prosymptom in any of shown knowing content as therapist the the about without hypothesizing occurs or This about. this bringing knowing, in sensation, body feeling, manifestation etc.). memory, this meaning, thought, on verbal image, focus therapist to inner The attention client. (an client’s the prosymptom the to a guides noticeable is then from that elicit response to a position designed experience therapist The an ther- property. structures this Coherence exploits symptom. spotted com- methodology the that discovery be of constructs apy’s existence the and prosymptom the being the require of were, virtue pellingly is, by it That unique coherence. as are constructs their dark, on constructs these the focusing can eliciting through selectively in usually by done symptom glow is This given experientially. to a induced of be production prosymptom driving unconscious of constructs constellation small the dark, and vast introspection. parsing, upon perceptual available unconscious transparently or not the are grammar say, which generative from, governing differ unconscious way to schemas this appear In 1980). constructs Ross, personal & Nisbett example, for (see, 92 nipii eoy nwn n osntko n knows. one the know in attention not involve to does designed is one methodology knowing discovery The a is memory, it because implicit whatsoever, an attention conscious any by accompanied memory. emotional in implicit presumably harboring systems residing brain conscious accessing knowings subcortical neocortex’s prosymptom when the the and between moment attention contact the first is begun—the has response prosymptom elicited the is which sex, feel have To to not content: her symptom. the thera- inclines sex the of have to nature to evident embarrassed symptom-requiring immediately the is from response pist this prosymp- The of “embarrassed.” source word tom the with position, verbalized prosymptom she from which subcortical arising presumably response nonneocortical, emotional a an noticed attention conscious aiu ipe xeiniltcnqe r eibyeffective reliably are techniques experiential simple, Various is constructs unconscious of universe person’s a Although rsmtmpsto ciae ndiylf sntnormally not is life daily in activated position prosymptom A the registers first attention client’s the when moment The .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. ”Hrneocortical, Her .” Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 nnuolsiiy oe hti epnet e experience, new a to response in that noted neuroplasticity, on above. source described the as coherence be perception, novel to of the network of neural methods prosymptom discovery the induce The any therapy when occurs. involved that perception than novel different no immediate presumably response The this is in seconds. accessing involved noticed 10 synapses of to manifested, activation 1 short-term typically rapid, a position—is prosymptom and the ther- from evocation the between spoken time apist’s constructions—the unconscious of bility linking connections systems. synaptic neural two transient those new, generates prosymptom subcortical the position neocortex’s of the contents which the in to work, attention perspec- conscious discovery the neurodynamic the change with is the begins synaptic from This production tive. therapy, drive symptom coherence to maintaining of network attention essence neural focused the of in use importance Kandel, & The subjective Hawkins, Streater, Muller,2004). has Agnihotri, Hawkins, Kentros, Agnihotri, on that 2001; Kentros, Kandel, attention field & 2004; Si, of conscious & focusing the Kandel, (Bailey, subjective in connec- the item synaptic by that an fact generated central the are of is finding tions therapy neurodynamic coherence A to linkage. relevance synaptic this of by tion and achieved [1970] [1970].) was Kandel Kandel & & model Pinsker, Castellucci, Kupfermann, this Kupfermann, years Pinsker, 76 of then Castellucci, verification was by It empirical [1894]. between Cajal direct, connections y new until Ramon of by creation made first the was (The to neurons corresponds level networks. contents cellular mental two the new the on of means creation between B the exists that network link suggestion neural synaptic in to information a A new network that as neural directly in event up an show the For encodes of constructs. that prosymptom part network the the neural a and subcortical other neocortex of and/or the formation amygdalar between the linkage response—is synaptic prosymptom new specific a istering always noticed. was before that never pathway but a there following like memory, this of activation eky(01,rveigfidnsfo costeresearch the across from findings reviewing (2001), Teskey accessi- immediate observed clinically the of timescale The forma- the drives attention client’s the therapy, coherence In reg- attention event—conscious this of correlate neural The mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 93 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 aet h leti uil wr fhwadwytesymptom the why and how of aware lucidly is client The parent: synaptically and prosymp- experienced, entire attended, directly linked. the is until prosymptom position continues subcortical tom Discovery the network. and synap- neocortex neural thorough between more element a linkage to additional tic the corresponds each material by of prosymptom experiencing of prompting attended The structured (1996). another termed spon- process linked either through therapist—a other, occurs or This elicit position. the to taneously prosymptom tends strengthens that strongly and of also elements preserves but only involved synapses not position prosymptom manifestation. to first or position’s with, prosymptom engaged the remain to, to must return attention therapist client’s The the 1993). guide Kandel, & actively Bailey memory 1989; that Chen, by & driven (Bailey responses behavioral concurrent the condi- the of by prior disappearance accompanied their be of to to depotentiation synapses the return memory-encoding observed deactivation which directly have the synapses, Neuroscientists to active tion. seconds corresponds newly within This the feature, her forgotten. of that If completely from linkage. is away synaptic it wanders new attention emotional the his fuller newly maintains or the a that to attention into feature continuing client’s noticed client the is the It it. deepening of focused experience material, attention client’s this the on keeps and The however, material. does, emergent therapist noticed, the of to significance alterations prosymptom via neurons of to linkage assumed new synapses. a be active existing, of can formation experiences coherence the integration, discovery of be of of substrate timescale creation neural observed the therapy’s too the Therefore, 2003), for below). al., account discussed et (but to (Kim accessing right first-time hours have moment-to-moment, just of synapses, for account new timescale to entirely a slow of on creation observed nonfunctional, the been of or activation synapses the Other as “silent” 7). functioning such (p. neuroplasticity, scales” existing, of time millisecond forms [of on place take depression can synapses] or potentiation “synaptic 94 tta on,techrneo ypo rdcini trans- is production symptom of coherence the point, that At a of element emergent one any on attention Sustained the comprehend immediately not may or may client The .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. eilaccessing serial yEkradHulley and Ecker by Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 hc sdfeetta iigatnint huhsaotthe about experience to thoughts is to material prosymptom attention to moon, attention giving the give To seeing than moon. experience attention. different to of is is moon object which the the to with attention encounter give To living the of experience about synapses. begin by position, prosymptom linked the be holding neocor-to system the brain networks, the neural and two tex those source position, prosymptom unconscious a whose is event experiential internal, an notices is neocortex. that the the by neocortex outside created lead the synapses not the in do so insight event represented. neocortex, place the internal by the an experienced to also is itself insight bring cannot cognitive paper A of piece a on link seman- verbal–cognitive, This neocortex’s knowings more tic the memory. by or implicit generated one be emotional in cannot module harboring the prosymptom systems in the module brain of verbal that conscious, and the least of neocortex at that between networks: link neural synaptic and two experiential live, a of formation any with working by material therapist. same coherence proficient the interpretations. discover no would offers client therapist The The around. tactics), way images, other the feelings, not client knowings, purpose, the (theme, constructs from learns therapist 12 prosymptom than therapy entangled more multiple, to positions). a have and six who clients; in 10% all symptoms; about for of clients to sessions one-quarter the about respect for of with sessions one nonspecialized 12 two-thirds takes is con- about point that everyday for this practice the sessions reach a (To of six state-specific inhabiting 1975). to that a (Tart, involves than personality state, experiencing that different scious subjective altered quite 1988), initial, reality Salovey, an personal This & is her own. (Singer position or its knowing prosymptom his of a life of seemed of previously a experience had that have the symptom to a including producing in have, agency own to necessary is By neocortex the of attention conscious the when contrast, In initial the of consists then, position, prosymptom a Accessing phenomenological: entirely is process discovery This h beto teto u,rte,hvn h subjective the having rather, but, attention of object the osiu attention conscious about h rsmtmcnet,js sampdrawn map a as just contents, prosymptom the mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit ema o eeyhvn thoughts having merely not mean we h otn fteprosymptom the of content the The 95 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 covery: psychological the and them them. to emotional of attending accessing felt neural actual as and the contents is these that of truth subjective recognition multimodal, immersive, and the experience is It elements. energic kinesthetic, and somatosensory, perceptual, emotional, material’s this 96 let,i h hrps a neoinlysf rsne hr is there presence, safe emotionally therapy can an of which has majority therapist process, vast the the level the if with a for clients, forward to Also, immediately. go down proceed to steps then client discovery the the allows the of client, that size the that for the apparent workable it reduces not makes are therapist discovery resistance of client’s steps the opening discomfort or the emotional client the the either by If felt experience. personal of painful areas or vulnerable, tender, emotion—deeply and meaning core synaptic later. new transformation for forming used are be will the encoded which which links, neural are in a neurons knowings even subcortical about presumably prosymptom brings Yet the discovery below. that in in transformation, change, involved merely on accessing initial not section neural the the experienced, important changeable, critically in and this be to mechanism reactivated, to return will evoked, position) We conceptualized. be in prosymptom structure must a knowledge through it as a only (such for occurs order of memory In accessing correlate experiencing. neural that subjective the tenet is therapy’s reactivation coherence This 2000; memory 2003). LeDoux, Stickgold, of state & & changeable requirement Hobson, Schafe, labile, Brakefield, Walker, Nader, a 2000; 2003; into Sara, can Nader, switched reactivated 2005; be and synapses (Alberini, evoked encoding is stable, that structure) its behaviorally, (knowledge and memory established long-term was molecularly It basis. both neural recently, distinct a has experiencing jective below. describe required, we are which of methods features cognitive defining the than ma- rather do prosymptom implicit, rule Experiential the the a terial. of as on experience but direct focused from, a result closely produce, insights not how Cognitive be. matter does may no it contents material them, same access actually these not of recognizing conceptual–semantic hti h eodo h he ul-nrlso dis- of rules built-in three the of second the is That fcus,poypo oiin sal nov lmnsof elements involve usually positions prosymptom course, Of sub- requires accessing that principle phenomenological The cesn eurssbetv experiencing. subjective requires Accessing .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. nonimmersive, A nywiea while only Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 ntelf eipee hrp let aywdl nteamount the in widely vary clients experience Therapy this hemisphere. of left is the and knowing which in verbalized steps: affective, the material, two nonverbal, by subcortical supplemented the those activated then is of in hemisphere, experiencing occurs right somatic usually the via it First, generating schema the plicit in and systems brain other the nonverbally. by body knows experienced personality being conscious is It the what therapist). that verbalization by the prompted through conscious experience is to discovery brought the been in had attention (which endan- exposure of to recognition due subcortical primary germent more a in source its had rt.We ao adsefl ebrasd”hrlf hemi- left her social there “embarrassed,” hemisphere a right her felt was in that she verbally recognized said had sphere Carol emotional When personal, unconscious, truth. of world limbic the into window 2001). verbalizing (Schore, module for verbal the available neocortex’s to now left across is the callosum, it by emotional corpus where the region, of via orbitofrontal experience link, left a this create can to region. meaning right attention orbitofrontal the conscious right of the awareness Directing elicited assumed emotional particularly The be the hemisphere, in hemisphere. can cortical directly therefore left most position the register prosymptom to is a than of system responses centers limbic emotional to the connected more in far anatomically is mean- and the emotional ing, and handles emotion conscious the hemisphere of cortical experience and nonverbal right left areas The the in hemisphere. review cortical is cortical module detailed verbal between conscious a neocortex’s connections The for amygdala.) reciprocal 1992, the Halgren, of prefrontal cognitive (See more to circuits. medial amygdala the emotional neocortical and link conscious turn in subserving orbital which and centers experience the major are to which conscious, cortex, connections the example, strong for subserving amygdala, The has complex. networks are undoubtedly neocortical self ma- verbal the prosymptom the and harboring terial networks neural subcortical the (2004). been Hulley have and conditions Ecker These by defined building. well trust for required delay no cesn nucncoseoinlrsos n h im- the and response emotional unconscious an Accessing nefc,tergthmshr stevra ethemisphere’s left verbal the is hemisphere right the effect, In between experiences discovery by created circuits new The feeling febraset hc ntr presumably turn in which embarrassment, of mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 97 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 aiga mtoa xeine hc samdrtl altered moderately a is which actually experience, state. of emotional signs congruent an various, having the display and knowings very in and a are immersion have They manner. there, and subjective playing experience different material a perceptual allowing and emotional hemisphere, the right the the verbalize into and register they as elicited. material fact clients subjective Such of high-stakes, awareness. matter observing right almost and their their remain observe that to they material presents perceptual point, hemisphere and vantage emotional personality. the controlled conscious verbalize familiar, secure, ver- their their that in in From fully based remain awareness module limbic their bal to keep discovery who cortex a having Those right while experience. to consciousness their neocortex position left they system, from pathway main the and and fo- recognizing significance). responses), in of emotional include (involved understanding emotional cortex directing role prefrontal modulating the medial a ventral in in the play and (involved to attention likely cortex cused regions cingulate Other 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(for the cortices al., temporal depression), et anterior and subgenual and Liotti grief, insula the ventral sadness, as the (for such or insula emotions, dorsal specific and of cingulate experience new responsible the regions of are for memory as involved, (conscious) be must explicit participate essential experiences, the personal to is storing which expected and hippocampus, be forming The for also process. can horizontally. the regions in and importantly other vertically of both number systems A these to of neu- production) the integration inaugurating symptom ral neocortex, left driving to cortex memory (the orbitofrontal implicit right subcortex limbic the from regions. of those brain home are several presumably linking links main circuits The synaptic new of formation the by feelings and The meanings steps. prosymptom subcortex. of two informed these neocortex been The has of material. subcortical each elicited and the feeling-knowing with of unified verbal-knowing need the is they experience discovery help complete and time of 98 hs h lo hi ou feprecn osieover slide to experiencing of locus their allow who Those along where, in widely vary to appear also clients Therapy the entails therefore experience discovery a of creation The .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. in h lctdfeelings elicited the Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 nat iepiaiyi h mtoa n esr iins of vividness 1996). sensory Chugani, and & Muller, emotional (Chugani, that system the limbic shown in their has an imaging primarily perhaps Brain live instantiation. and infants its feelings, of associated scene its a immer- or schema, image subjective of specific a composed a and is in identity sion typically of experience state the developmental personality adult younger Instead, usual state. the of ego remains or emo- little an which inhabiting in of reality state hemisphere— tional altered fully right a glass—the wonderland, limbic looking into the vivid, through client the stepped 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to guided be can clients Many mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 4 pre- 99 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ material: symptom-generating the methods to those therapeutic matched than characterize well effective are features less that major far Three to are material do. fail the that that of nature methods to the Therapeutic match methods production. clinical constructs symptom personal for subcortical driving the of requirement nature qualitative the the match is therapy coherence the of task the below. is described methodology, which is that use, dream through repeated durable vivid rendered a are they like irretrievable—unless suddenly disappear would position prosymptom 100 se yteteaitt a hssnec n lo tt complete to it allow and sentence this was say Carol to example, therapist For the schemas memory. by implicit other asked in of is holds thousands person schema the from the that schema of this content distinguishes feature the only that the that is 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coherently and that constructs find to efficiently ing noncounteractive. phenomenological; noninterpretive, and empathic, experiential, coherence-focused; h hr aiepoet hpn h icvr okin work discovery the shaping property native third The h ypo-eurn osrcsaennebl implicit nonverbal, are constructs symptom-requiring The hrpui ehd are methods Therapeutic .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. oeec focused coherence integration yvru fserv- of virtue by tg fthe of stage Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 tefsotnosy I eet iehvn e ihm husband, my with sex having feel like I’d to were I “If spontaneously: itself ciae n epniei oiebemne,a nedoc- the complete indeed to (This as arose manner, sentence. “embarrassed” when noticeable fruitfully a most in curred responsive urgently and that activated constructs make imaginally to sample necessitating to being Carol constructs of experience prompts an engage as-yet-unknown It to symptom. the designed specific Carol’s accurately of fact, coherence in the is, step simple seemingly h omo a of form the aig rntoso ainlt n oaiy n xldsall excludes and face morality, properness, and adult rationality it of with as notions just unconcerned or material is saving, discovered it client’s the Accordingly, the of of foster verbalizing is. embracing The to session. and crafted her is inhabiting of positions end the the prosymptom on at emergent written Carol verbalization to the given the in card case as example earlier well an Our as provides 1996). Watson, stake vignette 1991; at Martin, & is 2004; (Ecker 1996, what urgency Hulley, and naming perceptions; meanings, in emotions, sensory strong candid tense, accompanying utterly of present is descriptive concrete, it ordinary vividly and is and from style personal, elicit different needed highly helps Verbal quite The and success. vernacular. is its captures, social truth for to, emotional ingredient attunes unconscious critical accurately a that is language language of treatment style key thorough on a degree as comments a qualities, scope. few our to related beyond a four is occurs these only This of here depth-oriented is. aspects most offer for it We even as counterintuitive psychotherapists. is just that material trouble, extent very and the the with abide all and therapy, encounter causing to coherence guided In is client representation. the the to neocortical accurately attention explicit, material direct into the and translate and being experience, material reactivate, symptom-requiring of to qualities client interrelated the the noninterpretive, empathic, have ential, to need covery coherence-focused different many experiences). of discovery one creating only of methods itself is and ways hl arigotayepreta ehd h therapist’s the method, experiential any out carrying While dis- of methods focused, coherence being to addition In ”Lk e utmsae ofi nqelc,this lock, unique a fit to shaped custom key a Like .” etnecompletion, sentence ypo deprivation symptom mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit without h ypo,wihi ihylikely highly is which symptom, the and a ecridoti eea other several in out carried be can require phenomenological atc eeipeetdin implemented here tactic, h ypo become symptom the nodrfor order in experi- 101 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 otyt elc h ypo ihapeerdsaei always is state preferred a with symptom the replace for to necessity try override cogent To and counteract position’s to attempt prosymptom direct a the be is to it wish anxiety), (the the position of antisymptom rid relaxation client’s induce the with to concert attempt in the is while counteractive that is understand they techniques until relaxation client instance, for anxious how, an comprehend to teaching difficult therapy. is it solution-focused therapists ther- some behavior For and therapists, therapy, management cognitive-behavioral anger apy, by used standard rational all protocols techniques, reframing, relaxation beliefs, self-soothing, irrational of thinking, correction psychother- positive of include methods constructions attention counteractive apy the of remove to, Examples methods symptom. attention the bring such than All rather material. from, symptom underlying fix, the from its prevent, away get or oppose, or weaken, to through override, occur avoid, attempt eradicate, cannot which This it. methods, with counteractive staying reiteration and succinct it means toward a material heading warrants symptom-requiring coherent, point the this Accessing here. of series, importance this of the article opening but the in therapy coherence of overview nihsso h hrps erigfo h lethwthe how client the the from also is learning have. It to therapist necessary symptom. is the symptom the of experiential of own truth her emotional antithesis or the the his is of into it client discovery because the out ushering ruled of antithesis is technique, mainstay longstanding, manner. authentic an in words accordingly, as of attuned young, be choice to and a feels empathy, need inhabiting tone, typically therapist’s experientially state The earlier. is altered noted client the therapy position, a formation. prosymptom when of in why, time the is only at the This enter identity includes Furthermore, of system to state limbic acceptance. developmental the safe person’s and by be formed empathy schema will emotional authentic tends each it of this and climate noted, for territory, a already important vulnerable As critically be accessing. is to and position discovery prosymptom fostering the intellectual an in to tableau client the shift would that viewpoint. phrasing of styles 102 h s of use The field’s therapy in-depth the interpretations, client the Giving emotional the toward empathy consistent therapist’s The noncounteractive .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. ehd a icse nthe in discussed was methods having requiring anxiety. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 fetvns fti alrd mgnltp fdsoeycno be cannot discovery of and type overstated. usefulness imaginal the tailored, experiences, this numerous of position, discovery are effectiveness creating prosymptom there of Although client’s ways eliciting. the other conscious reactivate for This it to 2004). priming Hulley, begins & itself (Ecker occurred in problem which or in guiding situation symptom concrete by recent, the work a revisit discovery imaginally begin to to client is the fruitful it and example, fitting For often the schema. most of symptom-necessitating more this respond reveal of to that content manifestations it noticeable to causing internally position, designed with therapist prosymptom interactions The specific a therapy: imaginal reactivate coherence and in visualizations work structures discovery neurons” the single of pect of level 67). footnote the 204, p. at 2000, al., humans et (Kreiman in “volition-induced images] In retinally [with that 11). generated representation evidence common p. a compelling share 2000, percepts is al., imagined this et (Kreiman words, that perception” other representation with a correlated the of is of properties one invariance constitutes possible activity strongest retinal in concomitant response of selective absence [neuron’s] authors the the a result of this existence firing, On “The by real). respond commented, or they imagined which is to image objects recep- the of identical whether set had but same 88% (the objects, object, fields other particular to tive a response in of fire both image not to limbic imagined did response the and in (retinal) fired of that real parts neurons the in- other of that and from found perceptions. amygdala They responses system. imagined the recorded in and (2000) neurons real Fried dividual are and both schemas Koch, to implicit Kreiman, response because in accessing, for activated effective applied, properly highly techniques, Such are “really” office. not therapist’s could imaginal the that guided in experiences a occur has involves client the methods which such in of process class large A therapeutically noncounteractive, and potent. of rich, extensive, universe is which the methods, is experiential remains what debilitat- seem However, might ing. methods these out ruling practitioners, such or behaviorally, cognitively, out chemically. carried whether counteractive, htnuoyai nigcnrsakyoeainlas- operational key a confirms finding neurodynamic That to and methods, counteractive only know therapists Many mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 103 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ 104 osiuns,adi taytm edl osiu saunified a un- as the of into conscious truth symptom. emotional readily dissociates the time of longer verbal-knowing any and no feeling-knowing at there, is and established consciousness, until robustly world conscious is person’s the it in firmly increasingly material osiu aeilta a ui eod ale.Ekrand integration. achieving Ecker for earlier. system built-in brain–mind–body following the seconds the of delineated rules lucid have 2004) newly 2000a, was (1996, with Hulley that touch lose material completely conscious often Clients nondurable. are century 2000). a 1966, McGaugh, for 1997; Medina, studied & (Izquierdo and neurally and recognized biochemically, of anatomically, behaviorally, process been The has neuroscience. consolidation the in knowledge) as (encoded known memory is new a and termed of psychotherapy is stabilization long-term knowledge availability This its conscious experience. of stabilization conscious position, the a prosymptom is as aim a methodological of next revelation the experiential first the After rt fhwadwytesmtmi culymr eesr to necessary have. more to actually emotional not is symptom discovered symptom than the the have the why to having and relation how in to of of truth due sense made suffering be or must hardship, cost, The prob- the to relating repeatedly lem through occurs Integration it. person- of conscious experiences affective–cognitive–somatic the repeated, of through part ality becomes position prosymptom A fteseickoig,feig,proe,adtcisthat all intense tactics adequately verbalizing and declarative, personal, position, phrasing. purposes, highly this feelings, in it knowings, of constitute specific experience and, the felt expressed) of the initially in position antisymptom while the from than eetditgaineprecsisalteprosymptom the install experiences integration Repeated sntderir h yassiiilyfre ndiscovery in formed initially synapses the earlier, noted As from h raino xeine htIntegrate That Experiences of Creation The and in h rsmtmpsto eurn t(rather it requiring position prosymptom the rsmtmPositions Prosymptom .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. integration consolidation nteprac of parlance the in fa explicit an of Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 o oiin h ucria yatcecdn fi,adthe as systems, and brain it, other involves of (which earlier). noted two encoding the synaptic link prosymp- that subcortical synapses the the of encoding position, repeating, synaptic the neocortex’s tom have the weakens we of and experiences, firing integration together joint In fire not. repeatedly do they connects if it neurons the if experiences. integration by recruited are anisms the synapses of representation the new as own position. well neocortex’s prosymptom the as encode synapses now linking that memory these implicit the both prosymptom of to strengthens use that neocortex linking attentional assume synapses repetitive, new reasonably this because may neocortical occurs we integration bringing standpoint, of neurodynamic From act material. the prosymptom subcortical subjective initially the repeated, into attention client’s the is conscious. as and routinely prosymptom needed, entire is achieved the as position until experiences, and integration discovery if further of as experiences well integration session, degree next create the the to of continues start assesses prosymptom the her therapist At reexperience truth. the emotional internally felt to a the cue as of position a reading as daily Carol’s card as index such daily material, of task the between-session reexperiencing structured, a by followed you are material what him to be directly you with?” say touch “Would and in example, got brother just for your asking, picture what by to again willing or me integration discovered,” tell an just “Please structures asking, you first by back simply therapist coming perhaps the first experience, when This the it. occur hearing to can upon refer also that again comments it first make finds the back initial therapist of then coming track the but lost and fragment after already prosymptom has away soon mate- client unnoticeably, The going the experience: happens first linking discovery and often This synapses material attention new neocortex. discovered of the the newly reusing to the it, rial to from returns away then gone time first is,Hb’ 14)bscrl ple:Asnpestrengthens synapse A applies: rule basic (1949) Hebb’s First, mech- synapse-strengthening different two that plausible is It experiences integration of series ongoing this of essence The prosymptom the accessing of repetitions in-session These the for has attention client’s the when begins Integration mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 105 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 106 ewl hrfr o aetelbryo sn T orfrt the the to denoted refer usually to term LTP using synapses of of evidence liberty potentiation the enduring 2006). take long-awaited Bear, animals. now & therefore the Shuler, living will Heynen, We Whitlock, produced of 2006; al., finally brains et (Pastalkova have the studies knowings—in Two of persistence memory, of the encoding durable consolidation—the for responsible LTP by formed states al., et Bailey long- 2001). by Kandel, reviews for Morris, and also 1998; 2004, see incapacity 1986; al., Baudry, et resultant & be (Kentros Lynch, animals Anderson, a to in known observing formation receptor memory and term synaptic LTP, of to type critical specific a the of blocking functioning pharmacologically by initially demonstrated motn o uvvlads r oeipratt remember, be to to promotes. important mechanism likely more hormonal are Roozendaal, are the so responses which & and emotional survival McGaugh for evoke important 2003; that the Alkire, Events of 2002). & memory explicit (Cahill hormones of stress experience encoding hippocampal adrenal enhance releases that memory integration arousal therefore enhanced and Emotional emotionally each experience of encoding. system emotional importance, hormonal an the itself, activates subjective in is, strong experience have always nseicmlclrpoessdtce nLTP in detected processes memory molecular long-term specific of dependence on identi- The strengthening have synaptic weakening. of depotentiation) and cultures. mechanisms or molecular cell numerous depression in fied long-term neurons artificial, LTD, of the of groups relying of excised years, studies of 30 These tests for intensively on enduring synapses heavily long-term stable, the of more studied (LTP) a have potentiation Neuroscientists to potentiation. transition of cellular undergo state experiences and discovery molecular in a created synapses transient the mechanism. hormonal itself the integration by is, enhanced That is position. of prosymptom consists the experience of integration content an the during way this in enhanced oee,utl20 hr a opofta h synaptic the that proof no was there 2006 until However, eod eas h otnso rsmtmpositions prosymptom of contents the because Second, h eba n h omnlmcaim ol make would mechanisms hormonal the and Hebbian The nvitro in .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. nvitro in r h aesnpi ttsta are that states synaptic same the are nvitro in case). nvivo in tmlto fLP(and LTP of stimulation weespeiul the previously (whereas 5 h eoybeing memory The nvitro in nvivo in nvivo in was Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 oada mtoal motn etr nisenvironment 2001; 2001). its (Kandel, al., in memory et long-term feature Kentros forming LTP, attention important triggered subjective emotionally itself animal’s an an that toward finding unexpected the surprised were by LTP studying neuroscientists mice, neurons behaving freely individual of firings the a synaptic of lasting consist consolidation. drives memory would attention corre- and potentiation subjective element neurodynamic which phenomenological The by key methodology. mechanism this this taken of in action late critical person the the is subjective to material by sustained, order prosymptom of in the directing to position, This attention symptom-requiring it. her experience and or inhabit his into and on in form explicit into form subcortical neocortex. the prosymptom implicit, the ex- its translate integration from to that position hippocampus infer the reliably therefore recruit how may about periences known We is this). yet consolida- does as the little it out (although carries memory system, explicit of limbic tion the of component a pus, the versa. vice reactivates and also material, material this neurally, affective of linked the knowing of verbal–semantic firmly reactivation now a are that so structures verbal These and verbal-knowing. emotional explicit, neocortical and stable, feeling-knowing right (and cortical) jointly—subcortical into knowing of knowings readily kinds consolidated both now experiences emotional person The and knowings. subcortical, neocortical translated verbal–conceptual implicit, been that have then, means, alsmn fLP i oendb ihrodrcognitive higher-order a by es- governed the particular “is process. LTP, in plasticity, of synaptic tablishment hippocampal that infer ac o[pcfi etrs fissnoyeprec”(.291). (p. signifi- experience” sensory assigning its of animal features] the [specific to from cance resulting processes cognitive o“rps oe hrb teto rvdsterequisite the homosynaptic provides short-term attention switch whereby to model neuromodulation a “propose to oln-emheterosynaptic long-term to hsmcaimwsietfidqiercnl.B recording By recently. quite identified was mechanism This attention focuses person the experience, integration each In hippocam- the that established well is it previously, noted As position prosymptom a of integration stable Achieving ... edfieslcieatninoeainlya the as operationally attention selective define We mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 6 ute td e eto ta.(2004) al. et Kentros led study Further 8 lsiiy p 8) hs authors These 283). (p. plasticity” nvivo in ntehpoapsof hippocampus the in 7 plasticity 107 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 108 zn fpoypo nwnsi osrnl aiiaieo their of facilitative strongly so verbal- is the integration. knowings why prosymptom presumably the of is toward izing This This attention verbalized. 2004). recruits being Scherg, in inherently experience & role verbalizing Davey, crucial that Tucker, a means (Frishkoff, play use also system language attention left-brain conscious, to production. come symptom driving we is are attention that specific When off—depotentiate—the how synapses turn see to synapses them. therapy will coherence we in new potentiate section), used create next and the to (in strengthen and transformation used discovery is to considered attention and far which knowings so the in have in We integration, therefore, encode. and, synapses synapses that in changes creating in neuron. synapses red-sensitive of the that form of enhanced the firing redness—had in the of perhaps governing object, image the red mental in a a find attention holding to imaginal intention that the case, demonstrates of this This form red sought. attention—in because monkey’s consciously boost being the a received color still the neuron was the attention, conscious of of object. response focus red the the become the but yet to not red-sensitive, had directed item not that red The was object, the movement when red eye even response, next a larger monkey’s still for a monkey search produced that the neuron to at addition off-center in trained be When to been respond field. happened visual had to peripheral object found the red in was color a spot for neuron whenever field that receptive vigorously neuron’s then more to a stimuli, off If retina, recorded red field. the visual Each preferred on the spot 2005). of certain side a Wolfe, the to by only Rossi, responsive reviewed (Bichot, was do neuron to 2005, trained been Desimone, had macaque it & as one alert for feature, an objects specific many of a among with cortex searching was visual monkey the the as in monkey the neurons attention recording single subjective by of cor- demonstrated of firing strikingly significant influence was critical a neurodynamics the on In is methodology. work, therapy plasticity recent coherence more synaptic of correlate driving and roboration in attention of ti infiat ihrgr oitgain htprso the of parts that integration, to regard with significant, is It attention focused of effectiveness the show studies These role potent the of neuroscientists by demonstration This .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 ipyta hr sn ograslto iscainbetween dissociation and or necessary is split symptom a the why longer of no knowings prosymptom is the there that referred simply is It work. the integration as the the of with to goal even the have, is to causes, not it than suffering have to necessary the more is that symptom suffering. worse point, even that this avoid to at paying worth a knew, price for a was, her, She sexuality of of part girl. shunning her would by a caused she unhappiness as been marital sexuality, had herself that her suffering on stifled terrible truly same inflicted longer the her daughter no of own her she part cause if that worse integrated, that even was expected she an position or of prosymptom he expectation her now the but harboring person, of suffering the aware by lucidly disliked is be to continues that p.132). and to (2004, emotional [the] cognitive” emotional is between and conflicts of development to opposed “healthy as layers processes, of higher well-integrated 2004; aim harmonious, the Panksepp, Panksepp, that generate example, neuroscientist stated Affective for example, 1999). (see, for Siegel, experts 2003; of Schore, consensus according a principal psychotherapy, a informed to neurobiologically systems—is any mul- brain of This shared, these aim and knowings. between integration knowledge prosymptom neural by timodal of subcortical informed state the aligned becomes result—the neocortex with implicit the aligned emotional words, in represen- and held other encoded knowings an In of prosymptom memory. neocortex the the of in tation neuropsychological consolidation understood be the the can as therapy From coherence antisymptom in the dissolved. integration of it, perspective, symptom largely of understanding rendition the this are own why adopts its constructs forms and and and have how symptom to the of attention necessary truth pays urgently emotional integration, anti- is implicit during the the neocortex, is to the symptom as undesir- the pathological. However, entirely and have as egregious, involuntary, symptom valueless, to senseless, the able, of means view it position—the symptom what of struction hscerrcgiinb h esno o n h the why and how of person the by recognition clear This suffering or hardship entails still symptom the course, Of con- neocortical conscious, person’s the integration, to Prior pro/antisynthesis without h ypo.Freape ao nw once knew, Carol example, For symptom. the mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit Ekr&Hle,19,20) meaning 2004), 1996, Hulley, & (Ecker 109 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 r eurdfrtesnpe noiganwepii memory explicit new a weeks encoding Several synapses 2003). the al., for et activations required (Kim were functioning are synapses one-third newly inactive and the previously created of of newly two-thirds In been hours 2002). had 24 Svoboda, synapses at & study, Zito Quairiaux, such in (Knott, reviewed one 2002, stimulation Welker, LTP-triggering & after Genoud, visually durable, hours observed directly most 24 been at have The of which growth synapses, neurons. physical structural used new the of are synaptogenesis, different these types involves LTP and several “late-stage” different about, are it by experience bring There differently intense can time. that less over pathways a subjec- molecular after sufficiently strong occur has repeated can that is it experience or vivid significance, single, tive a to response in (Kandel, LTP. mammals recruits definition and coherence by in mollusks, therapy sought flies, integration/consolidation stable are fruit The functioning in 2001). neuronal same and the 2004). synaptic Bear, nearly of & Malenka details significant 2001; a molecular Kandel, to The 2004; known al., now et is (Bailey as LTP degree well in as involved molecular changes the and structural out intra- complex carries highly that in The biochemistry understood 1980s. discovered be interneural the to in was began level and LTP molecular 1973) the to decades. Lomo, at & to synapses (Bliss 1970s weeks allows early LTP, from the force or in potentiation remain long-term called tively by neurons discovered. principal then to was applied interneurons, serotonin) third, as modulatory (such A using and transmitters days 1976). lasting action, using synaptic (Greengard, persistent and more neurotransmitters minutes a into lasting complex fast segue potentiation, this more can synaptic for activation of neurotransmitters fast form This the second discovered ions. 1951), First simple Katz, are experience. in & mechanism new occurs (Fatt a synapses 1951 to of in response activation in transient earlier, milliseconds methodol- noted therapy’s As important coherence ogy. another of providing corroboration change, neurodynamic synaptic of the timescales of the because symptom the of rid entails. be it suffering to wish antisymptom the 110 yas tde aesonta T a cu immediately occur can LTP that shown have studies Synapse collec- mechanisms, of class longest-lasting and fourth The with closely agrees integration of timescale observed The .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 adsee ofe iera mtoa rtsa h ie i it Did time. the the at on way?” truths put that emotional we feel real “What to like or day continue time?” feel to last to day card, seemed live that to card on it put was we “How what with example, of for degree asking, for probes by The and integration 2004). articulation Hulley, this & initiative, invites (Ecker actively own therapist therapist her the or from the his reminder stable of on no experience with of specifics, long-term its living indicator in the of material articulating primary type prosymptom client The strongest the underway. is the integration for be time to enough potentiation than which more later, week the is one session of next experiencing their position—in conscious prosymptom routine, integration—a of degree presence the network. 1996, presumably neural Hulley, is inhibitory superordinate, & which a of (Ecker of correlate integration neural for to the probe resistance 2004), to with or traces work the memory and strengthen and create further connections again neocortical and to new restore either therapist that the experiences prompts integration which min- days, seconds, after or awareness position all utes, prosymptom lose Therapy experienced sometimes clearly apparent: integration a of of distinctly stages early is in clients three timescales all of plasticity manifestation The short-term therapy. observed coherence regularly out integration carrying of in phenomenology the fits closely indications a studies). contradictory is different with by experience provided present, to response at in question neurons needed controversial whole encoding new create synaptic also the 2004; can long-term for brain Svoboda, potential adult new & the of of Mel, not or Chklovskii, creation numbers whether in the huge (reviewed for patterns that available synapse concluded always axons are have and synapses brain dendrites of the (Milner, analyses memory Spatial in 1998). long-term Kandel, as & stability Squire, maximum final, reach to etutrn racmlt islto)o aho client’s a of each of dissolution) complete major a a (either or transformation a restructuring is therapy coherence in goal The nteohrhn,sm hrp let ipa firm a display clients therapy some hand, other the On plasticity synaptic for timescales of range observed The h raino xeine htTransform That Experiences of Creation The mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit rsmtmPositions Prosymptom 111 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 rsmtmpsto and position prosymptom important between the including section, verified. is this then depotentiation how of process of subject matter depotentiation the that immediate is to operates how susceptible constructs, Exactly is of position transformation. capsule prosymptom autonomous experienc- integrated insulated, and an an attention longer prosymptom conscious No to ing. a available renders readily work position integration The nomenologically. & Thomson 2001; 2002). Raskin, & Jordan, Neimeyer 1996, 2003; 2000; Hulley, Neimeyer, Bridges, & 2001; & Jordan, Neimeyer & Ecker Martignetti 2002b; 2005; 2002a, 2003, 2000a, (Ecker, extensive on as observations based soon predictable, immediate clinical highly As implicit the is symptom positions, have. in the prosymptom to of any cessation reality necessary exists is of longer symptom no constructions there the any which that in exists such memory longer symptom, no given a there maintaining positions prosymptom 112 httenua ehns fti xicini o nalteration, an not is extinction CR established this the rigorously of is mechanism until neural It (shock) the occurs. US that longer the no without behavior) repeatedly (tone) (aversive by the about CS brought and the then presenting is symptom, Extinction response position.) client’s conditioned the prosymptom the a client’s of to a to response to memory suggest, conditioned acquired amygdala we (The the corresponds, 2005). in tone neurally LeDoux, encoded CS–US & the is of (Phelps which memory formed, fear when acquired has (CR) An pairing response presented. conditioned is CS aversive auditory the an an only repeatedly is as result is such the (CS, shock) such stimulus tone), electric conditioned (US, unpleasant a stimulus but by accompanied harmless unconditioned response. mild, an conditioned a when Pavlovian as studies, a animal of neural extinction In the classical the at by understood when clear particularly level. counteractive and is change The aim change production. transformational the symptom between with managing difference or position(s) avoiding, prosymptom overriding, intact of fully against petes udmna itnto smd nchrnetherapy coherence in made is distinction fundamental A phe- positions prosymptom reveals work discovery The h erlpoesi oneatv hnei epitomized is change counteractive in process neural The rnfrainlchange transformational .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. oneatv change counteractive htatal leso isle a dissolves or alters actually that htmrl com- merely that Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 o ogtr eoyo osldto Mld&Qik 2002). Quirk, mPFC & the (Milad to consolidation transfer or by memory long-term followed en- for amygdala, short-term the initial, is in learning’s There occurs extinction 2003). coding an Pare, that & evidence Pelletier, also Likhtik, & Quirk, Nearing, Delgado, 2004; (Phelps, modu- LeDoux, amygdala has the which to (mPFC), connections cortex latory prefrontal medial 1999a, the in are (Maren, learnings stored extinction amygdala that indicates basolateral evidence mounting the 1999b), in memory long-term for actually responsible having structures without production knowledge production. symptom state, symptom implicit symptom-free prevent the new, to transformed therapy, a designed in forming methods change of by all of neural methods is, neurodynamics underlying counteractive that the all The be of to mechanism based. seem dominant new, structure—would separate, is a knowledge of memory therapy in creation extinction—the behavior which response. conditioned a weak too establish training far to is original itself which the pairings), also in CS–US of can two reminder or CR one brief of The a (presentation present. by reevoked are extinc- strongly stressors after be other occur if may particularly response spontaneous tion, conditioned context, the original is of extinction-learning the recurrence that that in (and Even showing exists context-dependent). (tone), still memory stimulus acquired conditioned the out, following the environment carried again of was occurs different extinction behavior) presentation (fear a the response which in conditioned in the one subject the the than (context) positioning example, after simply For 2001). response by (Rescorla, conditioned retraining without the and several reevoking extinction through of demonstrable methods graphically different is extinction full after learnings both memory. but in first, held learned still Rescorla, are response 2002; aversive and Davis, the counteracts second overrides & learned response tone Myers nonaversive the The 2004; that 2001). learning (Bouton, separate unimportant second, first a is the rather, by is, created memory but acquired training, the of forgetting or erasure, hra odtoe errsossaecnoiae into consolidated are responses fear conditioned Whereas upon prototype explicit the is procedure extinction The even memory fear acquired the of existence continued The mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 113 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 114 oneatv ehd.Teehv aydfeetprocedural different many have These methods. counteractive reminder a when routinely which or life. of day-to-day stress, all the in occurs, under happen trigger) when or or stimulus, particularly contexts conditioned new (a symptoms, in of is person recurrence undergo to to broadly are made methods vulnerable extinction-like not Such change. are definition, synaptic production potent our symptom actually not to circuits for memory implicit according are responsible the and neuroplasticity methods region brain of brain the counteractive because other use that or optimal mean mPFC an the would by this activation centers, of centers suppression subcortical through of operate psychotherapy of methods teractive studies.) CBT were meta- which the of 14 which example studies, [2003], efficacy Wampold for 21 structurally and examined See Minami, is Tierney, treatment. Baskin, that of active placebo analysis the a to is, rigorously that equivalent a of therapy, that surpass placebo of to efficacy designed demonstrated the been knowledge, raw yet not our for (To has CBT effective. antidotes more strongly cognitive not far and knows, are cited, is fear therapist just studies fear experienced the any the in subjects as panic, in induced or with that clients than anxiety intense therapy relapse of among to and Furthermore, symptoms indefinitely, needs time. presenting any manner response at cognitive fear occur that can the in intact, managed fully be remain circuits sponse al., et Ochsner partially 2005; to 2004). al., et cortex (Kalisch prefrontal activation medial amygdalar the suppress counteractive recruit do such re- fear of amygdalar that actions (photograph-induced) imaging has moderate brain It during fMRI thoughts moods. using and shown reactions been emotional designed thoughts unwanted neocortical counteract of to cultivation the on heavily relies the against compete that circuits. regions symptom-generating other in changes) learn- neural new (synapse brain’s create ings rather, the but, production depotentiate symptom driving directly circuits not do methods apeutic e scohrp scretypatcdcnit anyof mainly consists practiced currently as psychotherapy Yet coun- other all or many that confirms research further If re- fear amygdalar the approach, counteractive that With (CBT) therapy cognitive–behavioral standard example, For ther- counteractive training, extinction like that, suggest We .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 h on.Adrto f2 iue speual ogenough, long no presumably of was is fearful minutes there more 20 minutes, of even duration became 20 A some sound. was and the period rats, the most the of for if extinction extinction rapid but strong, occurred, seconds, fear 5 repeated was presented between sounds was period time sound shock-free the the If shock, shock. foot the without mild repeatedly a time that with sound the a paired fear been of to had conditioned studies were aware. rats 2003). animal after are Barad, hours & Twenty-four in Blouin, we (Cain, identified learning which extinction of recently of dependence was mechanisms first different The two from has result memory fear getting unconscious of years, this hundreds 30 voice of a over extinction occurred. such no For hearing Yet, after responses. awareness times. happened corresponding these no never brings for with has and hit anxiety, reason hit” of the symptoms be of emotional to and going bodily “I’m angry another’s example, means hearing that an knowing voice prosymptom the As unconscious, of the consists an occur. that with by position not person predicted does 45-year-old manner a extinction perceived dire consider yet the the reactivations, schema, intact in those unfold stored perfectly of not most does most remain During situation spanning they century. reactivations a of alone, of thousands or Left hundreds impressive. through is ories reoccur. can ended longer radically no is and production symptom that such emotional memory of implicit of depotentiation dissolution profound or positions—a alteration prosymptom transformative a always is therapy ence 1997). 2006; Cooper, al., & et of Mellor-Clark, Wampold Twigg, level Barkham, are Luborsky Stiles, modest e.g., 2002; therapies al., (see, same such et verdict” the all bird “Dodo why essentially well-known reason have efficacy—the major to a found be consistently to effective- prove limited may neurobiologically a ness This having same. strategy De- the a is elsewhere. on schemas strategy reliance or counteractive implicit brain the amygdala transform) differences, various the such not spite in recruit (but production they suppress symptom how to driving in as differ so also systems may which forms, hsimnt fpoypo oiin oetnto could extinction to positions prosymptom of immunity This mem- implicit prosymptom of time over stability robust The coher- in aim the strategy, counteractive the to contrast In mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 115 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 ytepocie rtcieproebitit vr prosymptom every into built out position. purpose ruled that protective is In living proactive, which of the learning. exist, course by extinction natural really the produce in not learning would extinction did way, that jeopardy meaning the protective the is the that is the that jeopardy occur, not is actually this worked, or for not tactic construed harm does implicitly then is the that but meaning imminent When be symptom). to production perceived presenting (entailing upon position the immediately prosymptom implemented or of is the harm that of tactic of oneself reactivation a protecting type for harm, tactic that particular specific from also a a operates—but of it knowledge how of procedural and a presence model its in spot or not to out jeopardy—how includes knowledge plays position a which prosymptom proactive only Every 1955), and manner. (Kelly, following anticipatory construing the highly human the of propose, nature we is, positions pro- not do so learning. and extinction occasionally, duce occur typically prosymptom likewise person’s a position former.) reactivate the that to stimuli environmental subordinate The is an latter and the response two learning—but fear induce extinction conditioned sounds responses—the shock-free ex- brain spaced, an separate subsequently widely as [2004] the than Barad that fear, and confirmed conditioned Blouin, (Cain, the as experienced learning. strongly of be tinction more reevoking to functions a sound that reminder, the occurrence a of single isolated, presentation an each as for rat, a for 116 ainlcag fproa osrcshsbe eietdby delineated been has transfor- constructs for personal system of brain–mind–body change the mational of process native The those by recruited plausibly mechanisms then neural and procedures. the terms of phenomenological terms process, therapy’s in change coherence the of in procedures first and does rules will that We built-in memory. process the implicit the describe in held to schemas turn emotional these now change we which against background eodmcaimta rvnsetnto fprosymptom of extinction prevents that mechanism second A htitiscrssac ocag hog xicini the is extinction through change to resistance intrinsic That 9 o osrcsCag:TePeoeooia View Phenomenological The Change: Constructs How .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 96 00,20) xmlsadeiec olwltri this in later Hulley, follow & evidence and (Ecker Examples article. constructs 2004). reactivated 2000a, the 1996, actually dissolve to ability or native modify system’s learnings. brain–mind–body prior the alter not recruits does It but against competes merely which true. be field possibly same cannot the both and in attention, juxtaposed of knowledges simultaneous two it—a the of disconfirms is experiencing and along that it knowledge and with living incompatible alongside another expe- logically (b) experience and concurrently and reactivate it client’s position with attentively prosymptom therapy (a) that a must rience driving person the position symptom, prosymptom or knowledge Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ as 2006) (2005, Ecker and 2004) follows: 2000a, (1996, Hulley and Ecker aefil fatnin n ee r osiul experienced consciously are never and together. the attention, as of the field enter long never same as separately, held parts), are states, constructions any contradictory ego of models, reality schemas, of coexistence constructions (knowings, the incompatible contradictory, allows of number system brain–mind–body The ie u oss nyi epnet an to juxtaposition. disconfirming response of in conceptualization) mere only from so any does dissolving at constructs but of personal time, formed capability previously its the of any has (erasing) is system and brain–mind–body realness. incompatible, other subjective The have two the to ceases by the and disconfirmed of dissolved is antiquated constructions and an juxtaposed limiting of the more presence of The the one dissolve ending contradiction. ontological to constructions, capability incompatible its brain–mind–body two the uses which immediately there- under is system condition and coherence precise of the violation a fore is true, be possibly cannot incom- are juxtaposed, both where of constructions, experiencing field patible attentive same the The in attention. together of experienced and juxtaposed are constructions that disparate between contradiction ontological incompatibil- or an ity tolerate not does system brain–mind–body The hspoesdfesfnaetlyfo xicinlearning, extinction from fundamentally differs process This implicit nonverbal, the of transformation for put, Simply mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit experienced experience sra e both yet real as a distinct (as 117 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 ulse,osrain facniindrsos disappearing response conditioned a of observations published, memory. in because present time still any is at learning highly occur original a can not the relapse getting is and for learning that, reactivation strategy A extinction reliable: viable recognized cease, only to fully the and response be conditioned behaviorism was to of seemed It this basis therapy. although the cognitive–behavioral is counter- successfully mechanism That of that emotional and response. learnings conditioned unwanted strategy other by the active override driven create and response to counteract a had to One end learnings. an put to Milner, 2002). 2002; Davis, Quirk, & Myers & 1998; Milad Kandel, 2004; & conditioned Squire, Bouton, original e.g., the (see, change, not response does that but learning against, second separate, competes ex- a the forms by latter changed The not training. was conditioned, tinction and initial exist the to that continues shows memory which implicit ways, successful easy reevoked of and be number complete can a response in after fearful Even aversive, it. original erase the extinction, or alter not does from but came subsequent a indelibility that extinction fact that memory the learning—specifically, for encoded animal of evidence the studies and The permanent unchangeable. is is consoli- synapses is the of the response memory, locking emotional conditioned implicit long-term amygdala’s a the in once dated that century twentieth molecularly are genes. neural that certain by by synapses demand state on of manufactured potentiated proteins enduring, set indefinitely a an prosymp- into a of locked as consists Once such position 2000). memory tom 1966, long-term McGaugh, implicit 1997; an consolidated, Medina, (Alberini, & regions Izquierdo brain specialized 2005; of interaction an involves and 118 triesi eoytruhacmlxnua rcs nw as known process neural long-term consolidation complex of a state through memory a in achieves sturdiness structure noted, knowledge As created memory. newly a of a by history understood life best neurodynamic perhaps the is considering picture neural corresponding The oee,fo 98t 92ahnflo xetoswere exceptions of handful a 1982 to 1968 from However, do possibly could one best the be to appeared Extinction the throughout neuroscience of knowledge canonical was It erigoerdsteoiia odtoe response conditioned original the overrides learning o osrcsCag:TeNuooia View Neurological The Change: Constructs How , hc a eea hss ae ek ocomplete, to weeks takes phases, several has which .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 ogtr nweg tutr scle noatv s yretrieval by use active into called is structure knowledge long-term terms. neural how in review operates briefly about we reconsolidation subsection bringing this that In be people. suggests already in reconsolidation subsection may next methodology the the therapy Nevertheless, coherence in people. described reconsolida- in evidence induce ethically to clinical and how safely, know selectively, yet tion not do neuroscientists methods, and behavioral the and in biochemical studies specialized using animal laboratory in discovered was revolutionary. coun- reconsolidation are merely However, psychotherapy than for change implications reliable The it. and teracting effective response more a conditioned be a con- would changing eliminating for Actually strategy effective responses. most ditioned learn- the extinction necessarily of not strategy is counteractive ing the that means all after depotentiation Hulley. phenomenological and of Ecker process by identified native the the how match of activated of gets steps details depotentiation procedural of the mechanism 2006), neural Ecker, this by (and later described article as de- this addition, in true In therapy. a observed coherence during is that occur memory 2004) to implicit 2000a, emotional (1996, long-term of Hulley potentiation and Ecker of finding laboratories. a neuroscience became was many then in indelible rapidly study Reconsolidation as of wrong. focus memory be amygdalar to regarding out turning of century a termed The capacity, that 1997). Roullet, neural Suzuki, Sara, this & of 1998; Yamada, recognition Sara, Sekiguchi, 2000; & 1999; al., Roullet Przybyslawski, et & 1997; (Nader Sara, generates change, & it synaptic Przybyslawski that or responses neuroplasticity, conditioned the of type was a that of it Then, strong reporting evidence matter. published and were the new articles several revisited attention, 2000 to researchers 1997 little before from Mowrey, years received & laboratory 15 Riccio, anomalies another Richardson, special These 1968; Lewis, 1982). of 1979; & Ferek, Miller, & Riccio, result Misanin, Mactutus, 1972; Mahan, 1973; & a Bregman, Bregman, & Lewis, Lewis 1982; as Quartermain, & (Judge procedures amnesia”) (“retrograde is ntecus feprec,we neitn,consolidated, existing, an when experience, of course the In changeable is memory implicit amygdala’s the that fact The phenomenological the corroborated reversal dramatic This aal fdrcl eiigln-emipii eoyand memory implicit long-term revising directly of capable mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit reconsolidation ,meant 119 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 ae 20,p 9 ttdta ee eoemmre,when memories, remote “even (2002), that Nader stated and 69) triggered reconsolida- LeDoux, p. Debiec, (2003, and by Nader studies labilization Reviewing memory tion: concerning al., knowledge et Walker memory. 2000; the of Sara, reconsolidation 2000; the al., is This et (Alberini, 2003). Nader configuration 2003; altered Nader, newly synapses their 2005; the in ends, of now experience relocked, model reactivating are the memory’s of deactivation after Upon the memory generates. it the in that responses content) the allows in of and strengthening, reality which revision (either modifiable, or alteration weakening, and experience-dependent labile an for become unlocked molecularly and are in synapses temporarily occur locked can constituent, process the a which conditions certain under reactivation, and 120 h ri’ eoyssesi oeotybcuei en our means it because noteworthy is across systems reconsolidation memory Izquierdo, of brain’s occurrence Medina, the The Bevilaqua, hippocampal, 2006). (Rossato, Cammarota, the honeybees rats & and of of 2005) memory memory Eisenhardt, spatial in food-seeking & been systems Menzel, appetitive, far memory (Stollhoff, the so nonamygdalar brain: has stored other, reconsolidation the two learning, addition, for In conditioned documented amygdala. fear-based the aversive, in of memory becomes.” memory the labile more the experience, learned the l odsuto gi. uuiadascae 20,p 4787) p. (2004, suscepti- associates are and they Suzuki which re- again.” stated, during disruption evidence phase enter to of reminder, vulnerability ble a new body by a considerable recalled into memories, “A Delorenzi consolidated and stated, that Maldonado, veals 1757) Frenkel, p. days.” several (2005, for state this motn lnclipiain o h ramn feoinldisorders. emotional have of may treatment thought the previously for than implications plastic clinical and important dynamic more (LTMs). be a memories may LTM integrate long-term triggers or into update it to information used information. new Instead, be stored may alter retrieval phenomenon. or after reconsolidation reinforce passive Memory either that a processes not of number is retrieval Memory omnsi eetrsac aessmu current up sum papers research recent in Comments hs tde ouetdrcnoiaino implicit of reconsolidation documented studies These of reactivation the stronger “the stated, 54) p. (2005, Alberini ... eunt labile a to return .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. ... tt,and state, ...... h nigthat finding The hyrmi in remain they ... Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 oia rcse—eedn ntetmoa tutr fthe of structure temporal neuro- find- the produce different on this very (mismatch) processes—depending extinction—two confirmed logical disconfirmation or have of reconsolidation induced Sub- species either experiences instead memory). various that hours) separate of ing more second, studies or of (1 reex- sequent formation contrast, time (the In longer case). extinction a this (merely for in memory memory posure la- original original synaptic the the the induced without of preserving and stimulus, reconsolidation minutes) reminder unconditioned and 40 a bilization expected to as (5 the functioned time experience of stimulus short occurrence conditioned relatively the a a to after reexposure in ended when demonstrated that (2003) studies Maldonado result. experi- animal and reconsolidation disconfirmation Pedreira or example, of extinction For number whether that determines total shown ences has and/or research duration neural The the expected. is what mismatch other, some to knowledge. according living and incompatible to position according prosymptom expected reactivated is the what a between in mismatch juxtapo- definite described disconfirming a through a sition, as of process transformed, experience native subsection—the get previous the constructs with as implicit well defines Bevilaqua, which matches therapy Cammarota, finding coherence This by what [2004].) study Izquierdo produce and a not Medina, in reac- did (Likewise, experience, reconsolidation exist. mismatch synaptic actually a model to without memory’s perceived alone, is reactivated tivation what the the and to but reality according between of alone mismatch expected decisive reactivation is a what memory of reactivation, not during memory’s experience, is conditioned apparent a synapses of made what encoding (mutability) that is labilization demonstrated the This have induces authors former. and These Perez-Cuest, the Pedreira, (2004). of Maldonado research by the by driven clearly most perhaps processes, latter molecular the and neural with and experience subjective both to methods. remains neuroscientific are course, by positions of verified prosymptom hypothesis, be brain That memory. the implicit in in where stored on does fall or reconsolidation stand recruits not therapy coherence that hypothesis fcus,etnto lorslsfo xeine that experiences from results also extinction course, Of of terms in reconsolidation understand to necessary seems It mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 121 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 a]eiec htmmr a epstvl ouae during modulated [neu- positively first be can the memory constitute who that results (2005), evidence “present associates ral] their and Frenkel that by concluded biochemically and neurodynam- conducted ically experiments signifi- memory from received support juxtaposition cant this disconfirming through of formation step each of effectiveness subjective process. of the weaken- intensity massive maximize and a Depth experiencing to dismantling. subjected or alteration, is ing, position prosymptom guarantee the 4 that and 3 Experiences memory. implicit prosymptom, the experiences: interrelated creates a following the of methodology client labilization a The for synaptic memory. for implicit above symptom-requiring described condition the ful- strongly fills transformation of methodology therapy’s Coherence inclusive, an in lack. attention to appear bestowing animals that for that manner capacity result integrative produced result of human a type the experience, in third disconfirmation by that unique, a however, a from subsection, follow addition, can next in is, the there in humans propose across will conserved We highly phyla. are mechanisms neural because humans, et 2004). Stollhoff al., 2006; et al., Suzuki et 2005; Rossato al., 2004; al., et (Pedreira experience 122 .dcsv xeineo h otaitr nweg sacorrect a as knowledge contradictory the of experience decisive of 4. model position’s prosymptom the of experience emotionally decisive contradictory, 3. a of experience lucid a concurrent of 2. experience lucid attentive, reactivation: explicit deep, 1. lent oe freality. of model alternate of attributions and/or and predictions meaning; incorrect making as reality knowledge; vivid arousal emotional full verbalization; with plus position prosymptom reactivated ce n ulys(96 omlto fterl ftrans- of rule the of formulation (1996) Hulley’s and Ecker of labilization for condition the fulfill 3 and 2, 1, Experiences for true found be will same the that expect to reasonable is It nEdgnu rcs fReconsolidation of Process Endogenous An .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 .Reconsolidation 4. influence Mutative 3. Labilization 2. .Reactivation 1. on fuicto ewe h erladphenomenological and neural Hulley’s major the a and domains. between is Ecker unification transformation of with for point aligns rule recent closely This defined so al. phenomenologically et that Note Frenkel discovery a experience.” by neural as memory meant concurrent qualifies as modify experience” experience,” a “juxtaposition “concurrent to Hulley’s of and possible influence Ecker that is the it by strength reconsolidation during that Memory 1 TABLE niae nTbe1(rmEkr 06.Telf ounde- column left The 2006). correspondences Ecker, close (from the 1 Table in in plausibility indicated further garners tion eosldto through reconsolidation Rcnoiainstudies) (Reconsolidation synapses altered the in Locks memory the remodeling or weakening, strengthening, synapses, Alters experience disconfirmation a by labile rendered and unlocked are Synapses h memory the encodes that circuit synaptic the of Firing erlgclprocess Neurological h osblt htchrneteayrcut reconsolida- recruits therapy coherence that possibility The h rcs fTasomto fKoldeSrcue nImplicit in Structures Knowledge of Transformation of Process The 10 mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit Irretrievable or Blockade of Termination eoyratvto via reactivation Memory o task a for amnesia permanent or response conditioned of disappearance shock electroconvulsive or effects, biochemical endogenous pharmaceuticals, by pathways molecular of enhancement reconsolidation) not extinction, triggers period stimulus unconditioned no with stimulus conditioned odtoe stimulus conditioned of presentation Bhvoa studies) (Behavioral erigprocess learning ... ln period (long Animal ellf episode. real-life a fe short after ypo cessation; Symptom experiential Attentional, an of Experience ujcieimrinin immersion Subjective hnmnlgclprocess phenomenological triggers former by non-evocable are and unreal seem constructs prosymptom knowledge incompatible and position prosymptom of juxtaposition knowledge living incompatible work) (discovery/integration constructs prosymptom Chrnetherapy) (Coherence ... Human epropose We 123 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 eciae eoywiei stmoaiylbl.A dtra in editorial An labile. temporarily is the it while suit- depotentiate memory reliably a reactivated will for a that on humans for is protocol the im- search treatment the able of of neuroscientists depotentiation Among capacity selective memory. native memory- plicit the for the the system recognize discovering brain–mind–body also of modification, reconsolidation, labilization, result and reactivation, symptom. of a process presenting neural specific as altering a mem- neuroscientists, of implicit production for Now specific the methodology the driving a transforming ories as and entirely finding functions accurately 1993, in chotherapists consideration. merit to hypothesis seems reconsolidation (former subsection—our next the reminders as even in transformation, described after strong schemas with prosymptom of reevoke by together to triggers) inability about taken brought evidence—the when is stronger However, reconsolidation therapy. that animal coherence do proof in correspondences constitute used these course, steps not Of the reconsolidation. supplies of of column studies process middle neurological coherence The of therapy. methodology the corresponding, the in the in steps describes endogenous/experiential steps column right of The reconsolidation. sequence the scribes 124 eec hrp steol aaimo scohrp iha with psychotherapy of co- paradigm knowledge, only our the To is experiencing. therapy and herence attention processes human natural of endogenous, through depotentiation memory study, human one and studies reactivated, below. animal a described many disrupt in to shown memory electro- been labilized or has reconsolidation which shock, memory convulsive molec- for block necessary that processes drugs as ular such exogenous, are neuroscientists by atddsuto oohrmmre?I h e fcnetosin connections 197) of of p. possibility 2002, the web McKane, for & the Allardyce, allow (Morrison, to Is erasure? interlinked un- therapeutic extensively memories? without too individually other memory removed human to be disruption remains trace reconsolidation] wanted memory on a findings [research can the controversial; of value clinical The rts ora fPsychiatry of Journal British oeec hrp,fis rsne oa uineo psy- of audience an to presented first therapy, Coherence ncnrs,w yohsz htchrneteayproduces therapy coherence that hypothesize we contrast, In consideration under methods depotentiation memory The .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. concludes, Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 mdfiainrcnoiaint iplciia yposi of is symptoms clinical dispel to –modification–reconsolidation of instead treatment) reactivation. ECS individual memory of the during form when study standard is given (the the treatment if anaesthetized when ECS symptoms is same The years, these 2003). 10 for Nader, to ineffective in months (reviewed severe 3 published previously of was studies of periods Rubin elimination the for or in symptoms subjects reduction human dramatic to 28 vulnerable showed All memory the ECS. making by reactivation, of disassembly state produc- a its in driving is tion memory implicit underlying, the symptom, effect. the such no had reactivated ECS not whereas was memory, memory that the during of when ECS applied expression weak- behavioral applying significant the in by of resulting ening memory, 1968) was long-term al., reconsolidation a of which et reactivation in (Misanin studies procedure discovered animal Rubin’s first and prior administered. on anaesthetized is based is ECS was patient the the stan- when which the unconscious in from sharply procedure, differs ECS This dard 1969). Franks, & 1976; hallucina- Fried, (Rubin, of disorder Rubin, reactivations obsessive-compulsive of florid symptoms during or tions subjects to (ECS) electroconvulsive shock applying position of effects the prosymptom describes reconsolidation a weeks. or in days many for and continually even on or repeatedly entails directly particular reactiva- in attention process complete integration keeping more The and memory. that fully stronger of prosymptom much felt, tion the a of fully is content a which specific memory, into the of reactivation experience unconscious conscious that turn unconsciously stages is exogenous memory that symptom prosymptom moments during the reactivated. such is, while at intervene—that production, is would schemes It treatment so. reactivated, unconsciously is position) but (prosymptom memory implicit sponsible reactivation–labilization– of bring- process for neural needed modification–reconsolidation. native steps the all about detail, ing in matches, that methodology ui’ eosrto fteueo reactivation–labilization of use the of demonstration Rubin’s producing is person a while that therefore surmised Rubin of use clinical a of report previous only the knowledge, our To integration and discovery therapy’s coherence contrast, In re- the living, of course the in production symptom During mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 125 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 nwn ro aigtepoypo oiincncosand conscious position prosymptom incompatible the an making integrated. of of holding the or of knowing an result means inevitable no by or is higher-order, automatic and a operations estab- is mental of juxtaposition properly mediation of attentional is experience juxtaposition crucial The once disconfirming lished. seconds of in condition depotentiated lastingly the is decades for which generated in symptoms that below, position described prosymptom one life-organizing the compelling, as a such cases, in apparent most and transformation not result, reconsolidation. the the is extinction- symptoms Again, an of so suppression accidentally), coherence. like occurs methodology it its the clients into some with built of (though not is advantage juxtaposition true take of experience or does recognize and “irrational” not as discon- material symptom-requiring CBT a the symptom. dismisses the of the require that creation accessing constructs and emotional the finding unconscious on adequately without heavily knowledge focuses firming which therapy, ral knowledge retrieved the co- of structures. to transformation (according for discon- required therapy) a creating herence as for experience, necessary steps juxtaposition specific non- firming the existential– entirely out carry remain to material and to and symptom-generating retrieved, clinician the 2003), the toward directs counteractive Wolitsky, knowledge, them, our of 2003; none to However, 2003). (Schneider, Hirsch, therapies humanistic psychoanalysis & 1990), Barber, psychother- (Curtis & emotional psychodynamic Luborsky, as unresolved (Crits-Christoph, such apy unconscious, schemas), of (implicit themes retrieval conscious the for suitable highly it makes use. clinical memory general of presumably depotentiation about bring same to the process experiential ther- native Coherence of because damage. use apy’s brain use nonselective psychotherapeutic large-scale, general causes it for unacceptable However, psychotherapy. is of ECS field the for significance momentous 126 h nacdptnyo h utpsto ehdlg is methodology juxtaposition the of potency enhanced The cognitive–behavio- characterizes shortcoming opposite The entail that systems psychotherapeutic various are There .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 rvn ypo Production Symptom Driving Knowings Implicit the Depotentiating of Pragmatics nae n obdb o.Tn a encryn u that out self- carrying of been had solution Tina being The Mom. of experience by had. wretched robbed the ever and ended every invaded had it literally worked; Tina for had credit erasure pursuit took and or over interest omnipresent been took invasive, had always her from who blank herself mother, protecting herself of rendering way her own erased that her “I involving out, realizing blurted process Tina upon imaginal which in myself!” guided moment a a to led of This parents. discovery form experiential the The took pursuits. work and interests of lack chronic 2002a). Hulley, & Ecker see case, more this a of (For account construct. demonstrates complete core longstanding and major, a breakthrough of pivotal change have the rapid of to was in session proved years found sixth one state the many her but depressed use it, described maintaining Her her positions prosymptom who antidepressant. despite several SSRI cloud,” 33, an “black Tina, with of of complete depression, case heavy the in trated time. the will half about juxtaposition necessary is a psychotherapist juxtapo- the of that by prompting sition Deliberate inevitable conscious. position or prosymptom routinely the becoming of automatic consequence in all occur spontaneously at not is in also were constructs representation. prosymptom cortical with the conscious, juxtaposition after into soon by prompting came therapist, no it the with and spontaneously, constructs world, prosymptom the her and herself mod- cortical of conscious, els her among available contrary could already That sexuality mother’s. was knowing her own from as her daughter—she fundamentally that differ same her would knowing and the contrary to be lucid, violating a would reported and sexuality her mother’s—mortifying that her presupposing was she use to an knowledge create disconfirming transformation. help and a therapist juxtaposition prosymptom forms for the conscious newly must that newly minority experience a a for with Only incompatible position. is that edge iassxhssinfcsdseiclyo e profound, her on specifically focused session sixth Tina’s illus- are transformation rapid and prompting Deliberate it exists, already knowing contrary a when even However, that realizing after session next Carol’s in example, For knowl- living a possess already clients therapy of majority A mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 127 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 hsnwpsiiiyoeae toc sakoigta was that knowing of a realness as The once others. at or operated mother possibility “behind her affairs new by personal this unseen her and keeping her deliberately of walls” of and “having and of mother being. walls” possibility exposed her amazing completely the by a recognized she as imposed Simultaneously, of herself rule” of having conscious construct of walls became fourth-order possibility “no she the minute, a to next obeying relation the in During is boundaries. recognize position to own (b) her and boundaries what having just of possibility from the people counter other keep things?” people away Tina, do taking to and said ways in then reaching what he In and orienting, me: was “Tell This Tina?” to for differently made solution solutions very What respond dilemma. Other children same other pillaging? the possible; and the all, after as invasiveness are, blankness follows: Mom’s as dictate con- thought to would first ontological he solution construct that, that of do the to sort to how be “What attention find to to Tina’s order needs (Ecker) In guide therapist and struct. to the force Therefore next in change. still sought and is discovery purpose of that target construct for to (fourth-order) did rise ontological it core, giving as the that conscious, means becoming it after Tina, force in remains still position was as blankness felt others. and her still Mom Tina Consequently from safety ever. and for same as needed free the her yet still not to did was vulnerable it mother dullness that her, her to said that real because soon her, very maintaining Tina was However, in illumination shift. this purpose although powerful discovery and immediate, Her an agency low dullness. was own intense intrinsic her feeling seemingly and of combination her future was life—a over dull her depression endlessly self-worth in Her an blankness way. anticipating that new of to whole sud- response a made a in interests, largely sense and herself enormous motivation rendering den, lacking purposefully completely of recognition blank, veg- her “a Now herself etable.” calling disparagingly achievement, and motivation all. at no it with of childhood, knowledge since neocortical ever conscious, blank being of tactic self-protective 128 nta a,teteaitivtdTn’ teto a oen- to (a) attention Tina’s invited therapist the way, that In prosymptom a in construct) (third-order purpose the When of absence her for harshly herself judged she Consciously .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. blankness h ih n necessary and right the necessary Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 htpeiul lasratvtdi nopouigtesymptom depotentiation. the the true of producing situations evidence and into in strong it are recover position reactivated spontaneously always prosymptom not previously and that does the reminders it evoke of that observation to failure prosymptom the changes implicit, However, context the rig- occurred. itself of has in transformation memory not that does prove experience orously & juxtaposition Kochs, disconfirming Dodt, a Eder, (Rammes, state turned-off a Zieglg to as turned- state a conditioning, from on fear depotentiated—switched basolateral of been have the memory earlier) of long-term noted studies of neurons site which animal (the in amygdala Several reported seems been investigation. indication already This have neurodynamic timescale. of this correspond- synaptic on worthy memory the depotentiate implicit that can emotional implies ingly subcortical, seconds in of depotentiation occur circuits phenomenological to lasting found a How- sometimes that allowed). were fact transformation the the hardship ever, if or difficulty, suffered sepa- loss, be would daunting a that a from of (stemming knowledge resistance implicit rate client as such complications, content. or that known discovering be first cannot without and by designed position determined prosymptom strictly that of is content position the prosymptom a transform rately inflection and tone vocal vitality. her expressing with congruently career, new a antidepressants, about of excited off and depression, years of two free and being never months reported She six she later, it. contacts for telephone in said follow-up call in would Tina experiments and she parents. did, session, another her small to needed from she through and if private that knowings affairs them personal new implement her her keeping to solidify her and maintain guide to created was so. Her her. giddy—appropriately to and from real joyous freedom became very of mood became prospect blankness the self-imposed and lifelong, broken was her spell rule The walls transformational. no immediately the of was juxtaposition knowings The two knowing. the of prosymptom her with incompatible h bevto fpraetsmtmcsainfollowing cessation symptom permanent of observation The various to due cases some in longer take can Transformation accu- will that experience new the that shows example This card, index an on written integration, of task postsession A nbre,20;Rme ta. 00 ag&Ga,1999). Gean, & Wang 2000; al., et Rammes 2001; ansberger, ¨ mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 129 is Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 130 ec htrcnoiainhseiiae h mlctemotional evi- unmistakably implicit phenomenological the constructs. suggest, eliminated as we has face reconsolidation is, just the that reminder in dence been strong nonrealness a of have report such client’s of would The Carol. words to subjective apparent the of lack the of existed, longer realness no our I’ll it would, If him, exercise. it toward felt this unmistakably with existed, through and voyeuristic reevoked sex still been have and enjoy predictability, construction high with and this erotic If it openly sexuality.” with “I’ve daughter’s Mom, along herself, go like to I become visualization) saying if the sexual because and (within a this, respond feeling making to husband genuinely then her by and picture her, to example, to for first overture so, Carol done have guiding would by she session, the during mation had she integration, notions silly-seeming of now held. the then goal of and reminder main a juxtaposition, as disconfirming functioned its spontaneous, a achieved verbalization to led its card—first then reading index by an position on prosymptom reac- daily her previously integration—a of of her task cessing between-session described her case, “silly.” she seeming that now In session, as position next prosymptom Ecker, troubling & and the (Toomey serious series in this when, of article 2007) preceding the in example implausible, laughable. seem even now or nonsensical, purpose absurd, and evoked, lifeless, theme not silly, that was that and vanished further prosymptom has and the purpose and of theme previous power the emotional compelling that report and a re- of seriousness, the consists realness, to it that response in client’s distinctive the is minder exists, longer successfully no been and still has transformed position it prosymptom prosymptom if the only the however, reevoked If, be evoked exists. can strongly position prosymptom have percepts, The to position. cues, known reencounter situations client therapy: to the and imaginally guiding coherence by or done in behaviorally is reactivation This either for practice reminders. capacity vivid of remaining best use any through is for probes proof therapist The such of pursuit fCrlsteaithdfl tncsayt etfrtransfor- for test to necessary it felt had therapist Carol’s If case our in Carol from apparent was kind that of response A active effective, seems that work transformation Following .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. got oresist to Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 aeo ia fe,hwvr icnraineprec that the experience disconfirmation the on in a explicitly illustrated however, focuses as Often, it, Tina. on of depends case position and entire existence the the because which of target, realness explicit to effective most is superordinate) as the it most is that rule choice (the a construct a As ontological the fourth-order, juxtaposition. faces the disconfirming in to therapist described subject the to as construct and constructs, article, hierarchical previous position several prosymptom A of stages. incremental consists in or once at all occur work the by how incomplete. and work is where the exactly of reveal thoroughness that the reactivations inducing facilitates Day-to-day greatly reactivation. often evoked itself life that situation out and the carry scene in to work cue concrete transformation a and/or as integration, this work. discovery, takes further therapist more the during situation, requires occurred real-life that reactivation and any a then reports exists client realness, a still when emotional Likewise, of position degree prosymptom some that prosymptom having in the still If, of as reinhabiting position. position and prosymptom client reenlivening the a a imagined, or experiences of real evoker/reminder, an content such symptoms to specific response of deserve the evoke free doesn’t to then she was “Oh, woman said, follow-up. This two-year and a throughout that.” idea like response the In mother. anything at her treatment stabbing ECS laughed like After felt mother. still she she her if stab asked woman was to she a urge subjects, the shock with electroconvulsive obsessed their of one in 1997). (1969) Hulley, & Ecker the newly see therapy, at lifelong, of funny major, session extremely one a of being describes end as client position the prosymptom overture. which conscious on sexual procedure in things test a video, transformation same makes that on of the husband example real-session her herself a when (For to occasion saying next task and the between-session feeling the assigned internally been of have would Carol probe, ypo rdcini dqae rbbybcuetedirectly the because probably adequate, is production symptom rnfraino rsmtmpsto sosre to observed is position prosymptom a of Transformation designed is that reminder a requires reactivation for Probing al. et Rubin by observed was response of type same The of type same the of version real-life nonimaginal, a For mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit purpose tidodrcntut driving construct) (third-order 131 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 neligotlgclcntuti oceryipiae htit that implicated implicitly. clearly albeit disconfirmed, so gets is too construct ontological underlying 132 sEkr(05 a one u,ee oneatv methods counteractive even and out, hold pointed Likewise, occurs. has the juxtaposition (2005) no unlock as if Ecker not not, material as is the does of it alone realness although the Retrieval freeing, earlier. be should retrieval noted memory as alone implicit integration transformation that expectation and spontaneous her construe or juxtaposition know his incorrectly disconfirming confirming not of to do result likely they a is as position only unconscious occurs an formation change to have. able decades they not girl, are a but as memory change: implicit in that formed of sexuality had before. dissolving of the she model was fourth-order that juxtaposition actually, anxiety-producing spontaneous freeing, harbored and into felt limiting Carol What came However, this. mother’s. that with her knowing sexuality as contrary her same that a meant the part own be her that on would sexuality; sex of for appetite nature in real her general any construct that the key knowing reflected and fourth-order A sexuality own the mother’s experience.” her was freeing position as a prosymptom sexuality her was her mother’s that understand her effect to the not way to new comments a Carol’s in- “finding by followed had indicated that had was knowledge juxtaposed transformation disconfirming of The spontaneously. degree indication tegration clear considerable a is a silly” “almost that card seem that index to an began session on sessions, read subsequent between position, a prosymptom compelling in own her report juxta- congruent disconfirming Carol’s via position. transformation of be form spontaneous to this prove which other of of it. some capable disconfirming range therefore of person, and wide knowledge prosymptom the a with incompatible to by position held prosymptom a knowledges a of integration exposes of and deinsulates and result integration because can spontaneous occurs a This transformation position. as prosymptom noted, place take already does as often However, Tina. with hsilsrtsoeo oeec hrp’ rnilsof principles therapy’s coherence of one illustrates This illustrates Carol of example case the that earlier noted We work in transformation prompted deliberately therapist The epeaeal ocag oiinte xeinehaving, experience they position a change to able are People ni-et hrps h osntko httrans- that know not does who therapist in-depth An .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. 11 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 rnil htsrcl eursawl-ntcnitnyaogalof all among self-ordering consistency or well-knit rule a meta-level requires strictly a that of juxtaposition principle operation of role the is critical imply in The it to so? seems change structures, that is knowledge Why profound ask: personal to for reasonable of condition realness experiential critical the brain’s and any mind’s if little have will that experience effectiveness. with it cognitive replaces counteractive, and occurring, the a from it juxtapo- of prevents the subverts experience, of depotentiation therapist sition indication the the the from slightest preference trusting The out incompati- right–wrong a instead synapses. carry two and wrong, knowings to the is prosymptom which process of and native which right client’s experience indicating is the and as knowings lets same ble to across nothing the therapist attend expresses comes scrupulously in At that The and to it. it, itself for guided knowledge. from with speak contradiction is contradictory away stay other, get also to to attention some client not client’s the it, the empathize time, experiencing guide to and it, to it, accept and to To it, continues position. with therapist prosymptom the noth- the contrary, does opposing and the says directly therapist whatsoever the as shown, ing of Specifically, have methodology process. examples case native-process-matching noncounteractive our the a of therapy, rest coherence the like prompted is, simply was her who experiencing while Tina, knowings knowings. of disconfirming prosymptom the example Hulley, to the attend & to by Ecker necessary, always (see shown not are purpose se as per this techniques but for 2004), 2000a, useful 1996, are range techniques de- wide must A of juxtaposition. therapist disconfirming the a position, orchestrate prosymptom liberately a of integration ing profound the infer produced may occur, itself to in change. happened unaware counteracting client, that that and juxtaposition mistakenly therapist crucial symptom both the lasting disconfirm- instances of and a such transformation and In a construct cessation. yielding prosymptom knowledge, a ing of experience juxtaposition unvoiced internal, of an in fortuitously result sometimes f sw aebe run,jxaoiini nedthe indeed is juxtaposition arguing, been have we as If, juxtaposition through disconfirmation that emphasize We follow- spontaneously occur not does transformation When mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 133 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 nteban eseti xriea e tpi h unification the in step in experience change. human new on and a strides viewpoints as holistic and exercise on reductionistic this the of see capitalize We brain. change to synaptic the of methodology in been mechanisms the known onto map has therapy coherence to of article attempting by this research neuroscientific in aim Our juxtaposition disconfirming a symptom. that the requiring view constructs—that memory implicit the of the depotentiates with dissolution consistent the suggest the is of they evidence, perception evidence—phenomonological because these of intrapsychic believe noteworthy kind We be different implicitly. a to that and knowings elements silently, direct experiential quickly, nonverbal, very synapses). are happen corresponding events the experiential to (as presumably, These lifeless happening, and and withered also consent constructs imaginal is deauthorizes the obviously life-giving, one leaves of now This moment kind participation. those a next withdrawing of the by in author them and the notions, as now erroneous oneself suddenly constructs. is recognizes prosymptom awareness the One One’s to, so. superordinate had and be from, that to separate it notions one imagining that actually recognition only surprising are a was matter, is There the oneself. by of formed the to been reality seemed that given had recognition the moment lucid this be until sudden, which a constructs, is prosymptom disconfirm- there two-sided, attention juxtaposition, the When holds ing and noteworthy. encounters are subjectively first juxtaposition disconfirming a by or compartments. compatibility, existence separate of maintaining into out back about them construct resplitting brain strict one the decommissioning be by awareness/attention, to either of appear field mind same brought and the are constructs into once However, together incompatible. wildly be allowed to co-attended—are never are and that separately knowings dissociated—held contrast, In together. experienced being structs copresent awareness are of that knowings, or constructs, the 134 ial,tecin’ oett-oetseso experiencing of steps moment-to-moment client’s the Finally, ocuin oadUiyn h Phenomenology the Unifying Toward Conclusion: nossec vdnl snttlrtdaogcon- among tolerated not is evidently Inconsistency . n erbooyo Psychotherapy of Neurobiology and .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. ihnayoefield one any within Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 hog erlgclsuyo hrp let negigcoher- undergoing tentative clients confirmation therapy: therapy ence rigorous following of direct, study the pending neurological through made, that be coherence believe can of inferences correlates we neural methodology, plausible the therapy being as article this Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ Ĺ yatccag;i oss ntebanrgosadcircuits as and rapidly occur. regions as to proceed change brain synaptic can the allows it neuroplasticity in and production; so of symptom does causing mechanism it potent criteria change; most appar- synaptic the proposed It reconsolidation, neuroplasticity: our recruits of ently fulfill use psychotherapeutic to optimal for appears therapy Coherence explicit and knowings. non- verbal unconscious, conscious, implicit and of knowings in- integration emotional–perceptual–somatic harboring verbal, neural neural the regions the is, is brain memory—that methodology of therapy tegration coherence the into rapid, reconsolidation, Built for process recruit change. neural transformative to inherent system’s appears learn- brain–mind–body (b) nonevocable, implicit fulfilling and symptom-generating procedurally ings reconsolidation longstanding, (a) neurological rendering for of requirements virtue the by inherently therapy, therefore Coherence remove is relapse. to and to susceptible production and unstable symptom fails of change cause the the counteractive with psychotherapeutic because to importance accordance effectiveness, fundamental of counterac- in is and change tive change used transformative between if neurally distinction The change, change. experientially, of of rules system’s as agent brain–mind–body powerful well a as is rules attention the by Subjective change. corroborated neuroplastic be of mechanisms to and defined appear as therapy, system, coherence brain–mind–body the by symptom, of change given of rules a The generating cessation. symptom memories in resulting implicit specific depotentiate to the appears therapy coherence of methodology The ae nteseicnuoyaisw aeietfidin identified have we neurodynamics specific the on Based mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 135 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 136 o eemnn h eaiyo oto h neecslisted inferences the of most of veracity above. the determining for described. have been we processes yet and not models a have the neuro- is for studies conducted in authors controlled the research and of two neuroscientist, pertinent neither trained of across However, scrutiny psychotherapy. clients our clinical and science as extensive psychotherapy well on of as based decades, are thousands article of this observation in forth set methods 3. 2. 1. esscutrcieadohrnnoeec-oue psychotherapies. noncoherence-focused other therapy and coherence counteractive subserving versus processes brain differing of and Identification realness triggers. emotional former lacking by nonreevocable as depotenti- position of experience prosymptom (c) (d) ated and symptom, knowledge, the with disconfirming constructs a generating prosymptom key uncon- of in of juxtaposition previously of agency experience discovery of of and of necessity purpose experience experience scious the (b) (a) and studies position, include recognizability Qualitative prosymptom which the efficacy. events, test full these to for needed efficacy. that necessary are methodology to deemed of milestones critical are major several markers entails process therapy of level. usual Identification the to to down efficacy expect rapidly we drop 100%, below drops bird adherence Dodo the As (exceeding verdict). therapies other been for has date coherence to than measured efficacy adherence, higher significantly complete yield with should therapy that predict in article arguments The this accessed. material unconscious of and specificity process-directive, depth-focused, adherence. experien- phenomenological, these non- tial, of noninterpretive, include coherence-focused, level will nonpathologizing, process: rated counteractive, versus therapeutic be efficacy of to adherence descriptors of of plots dimensions Key yield outcome This to controlled out. a to study carried applied be the are then which would therapy grid to adherence coherence degree of the features quantify defining will method- that of adherence degree process of function a adherence. as ological efficacy of study outcome Controlled oadta n,w niintefloigrsac agenda research following the envision we end, that Toward and models neurobiological and phenomenological The epa odvlpmaue fqualitative of measures develop to plan We .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. Coherence Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 b h ako eiiechrnefcswti noncoun- a the within adequately focus address to coherence failure decisive is, a (that methodology of teractive lack methodology, counteractive the a coher- (a) (b) 2006): efficacy of (Ecker, the these point for are responsible vantage barrier factors the Hubble, common the cited, from & psychology, Miller, ence understood often Duncan, as factors Hubble, client–therapist Rather, the good e.g., 1999). a (see, of and alliance any attunement, working trust, not empathy, 2003)—are as such al., seemingly et placebos dozen (Baskin designed properly a of (2000c) as level final level modest over Hulley same same this the the efficacy—apparently, cause and score justifies to that psychotherapy Ecker of it factors” forms of different that “common view view, the the our that reiterate in We important, emphasis: so is change production. symptom driving a depotentiating memory have and implicit accessing, the often locating, in can accuracy of applied degree those high skillfully depotentiate therapy transformation that Coherence (the process). production finally experiences symptom and create ending circuits, process), neural to neural integration those attention (the connect use to neocortex that to then the experiences process), to circuits create discovery circuits neural to (the use the attention symptom to locate use particular first that a guided experiences driving is create viewpoint, therapy psycho- to neural coherence about attention the undergoing bring From person that transformation. a experiences neural create and to of logical use as therapy. coherence-guided change so coherence a mental essentially for attention most importance about is particular therapy bringing of Coherence in is this attention because subjective of role e rcse fcag nchrneteay(e previous (see therapies. other therapy during in coherence points active key in versus circuits change paragraph) and of systems processes that brain images key brain the fMRI compare in trials. apparent would controlled brain, be to the may subjected differences in process previously These process therapies different neural all a do different fundamentally than a of hypothesis a including the through change, capable on of operates is rests it efficacy therapy that of coherence enhancement that significant expectation Our h itnto ewe rnfraieadcounteractive and transformative between distinction The the of verification neuroscientific the emphasized have We mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 137 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 rciinr o ra ag fsymptoms of range & broad Toomey a series; therapy coherence for this by will in practitioners observed effectiveness article that The third press). (causes next, in Ecker, imbalance the in neurochemical considered or be than defect was cause—rather symptom genetic psychological this a of purely coherence cause by memory—a the dispelled implicit that be an infer can reliably symptom may we given therapy, expe- a to if response Thus, in previously rience. formed prosymp- were or that constructs, position(s), personal tom subcortical unconscious, of set a as fasmtmpeetdi therapy in presented symptom a the of cause for required conditions memory. specific implicit an the of fulfills reconsolidation neural work matters whether the methodology determine not methodology (b) of or and details higher example, For effectiveness dramatically greatly. be (a) to therapies, seems transformative coherence-focused, nti ril.I otat ntedmi of domain the in contrast, discussed as In limited, article. fundamentally sug- this are neuroscience in methods Indeed, such 2006). (Ecker, why it gests beyond not the but within methodolo- gies, true noncoherence-focused be and technique well counteractive may of and universe effectiveness, methodology on influence therapeutic little of have specifics that holds juxtaposi- a experience). through tion (disconfirma- schemas symptom-requiring change implicit, of of process tion built-in and/or the of production), nonutilization symptom (c) causing actually schemas implicit 138 ierneo let n ypos ti o plcbet certain to applicable not is it symptoms, and clients manner of range wide the in verifiable article. is this in described Depotentiation in schema memory. following symptom-requiring implicit discovered, immediately analysis), the occurs, qualitative of depotentiation through nevertheless verified cessation be built symptom could is (as measures with symptom-opposing applied schema) counteractive, out ever no carried implicit With properly client: well-knit methodology each therapy a coherence by into causation (symptom field. therapy clinical the so-called by more recognized many now of is than cause disorders the is memory implicit that oeec hrp ydsg a eefcieol hnthe when only effective be can design by therapy Coherence nohrwrs h sa omnfcosaayi,which analysis, factors common usual the words, other In lhuhchrneteayhsbe sdefcieyfra for effectively used been has therapy coherence Although coherence symptom of proof empirical yet qualitative A .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. is nipii memory, implicit an 12 non sisl evidence itself is counteractive, Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 Ĺ Ĺ identified: and been have knowledge of research areas appliers neuroscientific of Several future however. and exceptions, for bestowers few receivers a of the are There position knowledge. being this the of in are position psychotherapists the in case are the be clients. to therapy likely of is the minority this small In that very argue therapy. a we for by coherence series, this to or in respond irregularities, article next not neural will or damage, genetic, memory organic biochemical, implicit true in any constructs by course, personal but of by And, not attention therapy. caused free coherence symptoms enough in situation usefully have or participate symptoms they of to before relief methods of crisis other degree situational some through need dire to or likely anxiety, are suffering depression, currently of persons degrees Also, extreme significant symptoms. with psychotic persons some or and bipolar alco- etc.) (of gambling, addicts sex, active drugs, are hol, “char- who of persons types several including disorder,” of degrees acter level extreme with significant be persons to a for tends case even process the interior beyond of well avoidance Profound refractory “resistance.” is of that feeling, profound, degree vulnerable a a of to experiencing is interior counterindication of avoidance main chronic The populations. client r.Ti otat ihteams etr-l rdto in tradition century-old almost the mem- with acquired contrasts that of with (transforma- This change reconsolidational ory. contact counteractive) drive than contradic- experiential rather to (a and tive memory learning neural acquired extinction into an an knowledge) put tory deploy- attention, through of can, animals, ment unlike humans, dis- yielded that has of indications transformation use achieve therapy’s to coherence juxtaposition confirming of analysis neurodynamic been Our knowledge, our neuroscience. long-term, by to studied storing not, synapses memory—has of emotional implicit depotentiation human full native degree for neuroplasticity—this This capacity induced juxtaposition. endogenously disconfirming of of experience seconds, an in of sometimes by depotentiating memory, the implicit is emotional long-term, 2000b) a 2000a, 1997, (1996, Ecker by Hulley documented and phenomenology clinical of element key A sdpce hog oto hsatce neuroscientists article, this of most through depicted As mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit 139 Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 Ĺ 140 .65 ttdtwr h n fhsNblades eadn a regarding address, Nobel science: brain his in of unknowns (2001, end challenging Kandel of the range Eric toward example, stated receptivity For 605) knowledge. of p. of signs flow two-way are a there to neuroscientists prominent among rcse.I rprn hsatcew aecoeysuidmany studied closely have con- we sees article this that preparing physical view In purely reductionist of processes. epiphenomena a mere as for selfhood and need sciousness truly the imply we roscience symptom If pathways. other. neural driving implicated the the themes transform also emotional through we production, underlying exists the Each transform other. separately each exist not from reductionistic—do and holistic objective, and firing are the occurring. procedural that is being and production and symptom knowings as memory when those cause implicit encode the that of implementation regard circuits the can neural producing being we subcortical necessitate Neurally, as that symptom. clients tactics the and of purposes symptoms themes, unat- all) tended the (not knowings, emotional–perceptual–somatic most unconscious of view cause can we the Phenomenologically production: neural. symptom of and cause phenomonological the understand to ways plimentary ohv enietfidb ri cec syet. as science brain by not identified appears been the hierarchy al- have particular to in systems, this knowledge, memory structure our implicit to correlate though emotional a of architecture implies neural which we memory, 2007), emotional Ecker, of implicit structure & four-level phenomenological hierarchical, (Toomey the 2000b) of series (1996, delineation Hulley’s this and of Ecker article reviewed animals. first in extinction the as all counteractive, In and regarding dissociated strictly of as theory learning learning and neuroscience hywl eur e fsnhssta rdetetoapproaches. two the bridge Finally, that syntheses psychiatry. top-down of the set and a require neurology, require also will psychology, they bottom- will cognitive the They than of biology. more approaches molecular require of will brain approach the up of problems systems These o scohrpssi hudb ecm oko that know to welcome be should it psychotherapists For ecuinaantcnldn htdvlpet nneu- in developments that concluding against caution We production—subjective symptom of dimensions two Those com- two are there model, unified a In spirit. that share We .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. 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An Kolk and der vivid van exceptionally by noted be as percep- to and and tend affective which inoperative, unintegrated components, separate, rendered tual as Payne, is instead stored 1989; system conditions are formation these memories (McGaugh, Under memory 1994). trauma Kolk, hippocampal der during van the 2004; as Jacobs, & stress, extreme Britton, of Nadel, or experiences during arousal produced levels emotional hormonal higher yet the by autism. to (sometimes linked been others has in dysfunction states neuron to subjective Mirror ability certain a mindsight). the termed of create and presence help empathy the facilitating to others, infer thought of reliably are states They internal the oneself. of action model that performed had one swiftness. its and material root on focus its both denote approach. the of principle central psychology” the “coherence reflect and to therapy” intended “coherence is to change The DOBT. or mlctMmr Depotentiation Memory Implicit Notes aia inquiry radical cause 141 of to Downloaded By: [Ecker, Bruce] At: 01:47 8 April 2008 1 nasalmnrt fcss h letspoypo oiinde not does position prosymptom client’s the cases, of minority small a In 11. memory- the between differences two are there that noted be should It 10. 2 yposdseldb oeec hrp nld ersin anxiety, depression, include therapy coherence by dispelled Symptoms 12. leii .M 20) ehnsso eoysaiiain r consolidation Are stabilization: memory of Mechanisms (2005). M. C. Alberini, 142 .Ohrpsil esn o oetnto fpoypo oiin include positions prosymptom of nonextinction for reasons possible Other 9. n eosldto iia rdsic processes? distinct or similar reconsolidation and 51–56. ersge rmteporm ce n uly(96 emthis term (1996) Hulley rather, conscious); and calling. it true Ecker make his program. to not resolution the than was from (other and position resigned parents this he his change by not chosen did been and the He program had example, a that For pursue to career is. refusal a it serious a was student’s as assignments just graduate course of interests a procrastination best generating her position or prosymptom rec- his unconscious client serves the it conscious, that becoming ognizes upon because, transformation require by experiential through memory. is, change-inducing target is the therapy and of disconfirmation memory and coherence target content the the In in to of related effects. context used strongly experience biochemical the experience phenomenological strengthen a endogenous to design, to concurrent through unrelated operated the purely and entirely contrast, context, was memory and concurrent (2005) target The content (b) al. both the episode. in et real-life memory a Frenkel down-regulatory target of by a use used al. of et experience demonstration Frenkel the awaits of implicit model prosymptom version a unified of Our strength the memory. of weakening of or mechanism ma- down-regulation same the jor a the whereas use for re- to experience–reconsolidation experience, for designed a reactivation–labilization–concurrent coher- is concurrent designed therapy of a of was coherence strengthening) in by al. that procedure (up-regulation, memory et and alteration response Frenkel (2005) postive conditioned of a al. procedure of et The consolidation Frenkel (a) therapy: by ence used procedure changing disconfirmation. again concurrently, perceived occur to to immunity tend creating stimulus, multi- conditioned which a in each percepts, conditioning, ple redundant immune and largely be disconfirmation; could most perceived which higher-to schedule 2000), 1996); Davis, learning & Hineline, (Gewirtz the & conditioning Ahearn, is order Tonneau, which (Field, learning, extinction to of immune schedule ratio variable a et rcatnto,adawd ag fitresnl ope n family and couple, interpersonal, of problems. range wide a and underachieve- procrastination, codependency, ment, fidgeting, bereavement, complicated attention rage, deficit, problems, child- food/eating/weight problems, of sexual sequelae abuse, problems, hood attachment self-worth, low agoraphobia, panic, . .EkradB Toomey B. and Ecker B. 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