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Expert Group on Lead in Silvermines County Tipperary

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Expert Group on Lead in Silvermines County Tipperary EXPERT GROUP ON LEAD IN SILVERMINES COUNTY TIPPERARY INTERIM REPORT Environmental Protection Agency Establishment The Environmental Protection Agency Act, - preparation and implementation of a 1992, was enacted on 23 April, 1992, and national hydrometric programme for the under this legislation the Agency was collection, analysis and publication of formally established on 26 July, 1993. information on the levels, volumes and flows of water in rivers, lakes and Responsibilities groundwaters; and The Agency has a wide range of statutory duties and powers under the Act. The main - generally overseeing the performance by responsibilities of the Agency include the local authorities of their statutory following: environmental protection functions. - the licensing and regulation of Status large/complex industrial and other The Agency is an independent public body. processes with significant polluting Its sponsor in Government is the potential, on the basis of integrated Department of the Environment and Local pollution control (IPC) and the Government. Independence is assured application of best available technologies through the selection procedures for the for this purpose; Director General and Directors and the freedom, as provided in the legislation, to - the monitoring of environmental quality, act on its own initiative. The assignment, including the establishment of databases under the legislation, of direct responsibility to which the public will have access, for a wide range of functions underpins this and the publication of periodic reports independence. Under the legislation, it is a on the state of the environment; specific offence to attempt to influence the Agency, or anyone acting on its behalf, in - advising public authorities in respect of an improper manner. environmental functions and assisting local authorities in the performance of Organisation their environmental protection functions; The Agency’s headquarters is located in Wexford and it operates five regional - the promotion of environmentally sound inspectorates, located in Dublin, Cork, practices through, for example, the Kilkenny, Castlebar and Monaghan. encouragement of the use of environmental audits, the setting of Management environmental quality objectives and the The Agency is managed by a full-time issuing of codes of practice on matters Executive Board consisting of a Director affecting the environment; General and four Directors. The Executive Board is appointed by the Government - the promotion and co-ordination of following detailed procedures laid down in environmental research; the Act. - the licensing and regulation of all Advisory Committee significant waste disposal and recovery The Agency is assisted by an Advisory activities, including landfills and the Committee of twelve members. The preparation and periodic updating of a members are appointed by the Minister for national hazardous waste management the Environment and Local Government plan for implementation by other bodies; and are selected mainly from those nominated by organisations with an interest - implementing a system of permitting for in environmental and developmental the control of VOC emissions resulting matters. The Committee has been given a from the storage of significant quantities wide range of advisory functions under the of petrol at terminals; Act, both in relation to the Agency and to the Minister. - implementing and enforcing the GMO Regulations for the contained use and deliberate release of GMOs into the environment; EXPERT GROUP ON LEAD IN SILVERMINES COUNTY TIPPERARY INTERIM REPORT Environmental Protection Agency An Ghníomhaireacht um Chaomhnú Comhshaoil P.O. Box 3000, Johnstown Castle Estate, Co. Wexford, Ireland. Telephone : +353-53-60600 Fax : +353-53-60699 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.epa.ie © Environmental Protection Agency 2002 All or part of this publication may be reproduced without further permission, provided the source is acknowledged. Although every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the material contained in this publication, complete accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Neither the Environmental Protection Agency nor the author(s) accept any responsibility whatsoever for loss or damage occasioned or claimed to have been occasioned, in part or in full, as a consequence of any person acting, or refraining from acting, as a result of a matter contained in this publication. EXPERT GROUP ON LEAD IN SILVERMINES COUNTY TIPPERARY INTERIM REPORT Published by the Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland. ISBN 1-84095-082-X Price €10.00 03/02/2,000 iii CONTENTS 1 CONTEXT . .1 1.1 Introduction . .1 1.2 Establishment of Expert Group . .3 1.3 Terms of Reference and Objectives . .4 2 METALLIC TRACE ELEMENTS IN SOILS . .5 2.1 Introduction . .5 2.2 Trace elements in soil . .5 2.3 Soil standards for heavy metals in soil (Use of Sewage Sludge Regulations) . .8 3 REVIEW OF THE IAG REPORT . .9 4 APPROACH OF THE EXPERT GROUP . .11 4.1 Introduction . .12 4.2 Water Framework Directive . .12 4.3 Dangerous Substances Directive . .12 4.4 Drinking Water Directive . .13 4.5 Groundwater Directive . .13 4.6 Commission Regulation setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs .14 4.7 Waste and Hazardous Waste Directives . .14 4.8 Council Directive on the Landfill of Waste . .15 5 ACTIVE MANAGEMENT . .17 6 GUIDELINE VALUES . .19 6.1 Lead in soils . .19 6.2 Lead in sediments . .20 6.3 Lead in water . .20 6.3.1 Lead in drinking water . .21 6.3.2 Lead in surface water . .21 6.4 Lead in dust . .22 6.5 Lead in blood . .23 6.5.1 Lead in human blood . .23 6.5.2 Lead in animal blood . .23 6.6 Lead in foodstuffs . .23 6.7 Ecological guideline values . .24 7 GUIDANCE AND BEST PRACTICE . .25 7.1 Human health . .25 7.2 Animal health . .26 7.3 Guidance on sediment disposal . .26 7.4 Guidance on gardening . .28 7.5 Guidance on soil disturbance . .29 8 CURRENT MONITORING PROGRAMME . .31 8.1 Human health monitoring . .31 8.2 Animal health monitoring . .31 8.3 Environmental monitoring . .32 9 SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS . .33 10 ADDITIONAL WORK AND RESEARCH NEEDS . .39 11 REMAINING WORK OF THE EXPERT GROUP . .41 References . .42 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Range and mean concentration of heavy metals in unpolluted soil . .5 Table 2.2 Summary of lead concentration in Irish soils . .6 Table 2.3 Limit values for the concentration of heavy metals in soil . .8 Table 6.1 TA Luft Limits for metals in deposited dust . .22 Table 6.2 Interpretation of blood lead concentrations in cattle . .23 Table 6.3 Maximum level for lead in foodstuffs . .24 Table 7.1 Solubility of various lead compounds . .28 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1 Area covered by Inter-Agency Investigation . .2 Figure 2.1 Lead in soils in the Silvermines Area . .7 Figure 6.1 Relationship between total soil lead and lead in radish bulbs and leaves . .20 v ABBREVIATIONS DAFRD Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development DED District Electoral Division DELG Department of Environment and Local Government DMNR Department of Marine and Natural Resources EPA Environmental Protection Agency GSI Geological Survey of Ireland IAG Inter-Agency Group IGS Implementation Group for Silvermines MWHB Mid-Western Health Board NTCC North Tipperary County Council TMF Tailings Management Facility GLOSSARY OF TERMS Bio-availability The process resulting in the difference between oral intake of a contaminant and the uptake into the blood (or lymph) stream. Bio-availability is composed of four processes: 1) ingestion of soil, dust and foodstuffs containing contaminants; 2) release in the gastrointestinal tract and availability for absorption ( bio- accessibility); 3) intestinal absorption; 4) liver passing metabolism. Pedological Processes Soil forming processes which are mainly responsible for the development of distinct horizons in the soil profile. These processes involve the redistribution of materials within the soil profile and the addition to, and loss of material from, the developing soil. Water hardness Hardness is a natural characteristic of water which can enhance its palatability and consumer acceptability for drinking purposes. Originally taken to be the capacity of a water to destroy the lather of soap, hardness is now determined by measuring the concentration of calcium and magnesium in water. Total hardness is taken to comprise the calcium and magnesium concentrations expressed as mg/l calcium carbonate (CaCO3). UNIT OF MEASUREMENT Stream sediments: concentration of lead.
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