[VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Academic Achievement of Post Graduation Open Elective (Yoga Education) Students

Dr. Santosh Kumar Behera1, Laxmiram Gope1, Piyali Chanda2 & Subhayu Sarkar3 1Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, P.O. Sainik School, Dist-, , , 2Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Education, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi Road, P.O. Sainik School, Dist-Purulia, West Bengal, India 3Assistant Professor, Gurukul Teachers’ Training Institute, Jiudaru, , Purulia, West Bengal, India.

Received: May 30, 2018 Accepted: July 13, 2018

ABSTRACT In the present study the investigators made an attempt to know the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Academic Achievement of Post Graduation Open Elective (Yoga Education) students at Sidho- Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia. In numerous studies healthy body weight and moderate to high levels of physical fitness have been linked with many benefits, including improved academic achievement. A sample of 51 students from PG 3rd semester students of various Departments selected through random sampling technique. The present study is based on survey method, particularly, the normative survey research method. Each student’s height and weight were measured by the researchers and BMI was calculated according to the formula Weight in Kilograms / Height in Meters Squared. Academic Achievement was determined by taking a test on the total marks of 50 on Yoga Education subject. The study revealed that out of 51 PG 3rd students 31 students (60.78%) are in Normal category, 16 students (31.37%) are in Underweight, 2 students (3.92%) are in Obesity and 2 students (3..92%) are Overweight. It is also found that the Academic achievement of Post Graduation Open elective Students in Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, of West Bengal is neither more high nor low i.e., satisfactory or average. The study discovered that there is no significant relationship between BMI and Academic Achievement on Yoga Education (Open Elective) of PG 3rd Semester students, there is no significant impact of BMI on PG 3rd Semester Students’ Academic Achievement of Yoga Education (Open Elective).

Keywords: BMI, Academic Achievement, Open Elective, Yoga Education

INTRODUCTION: Modern age is the age of science and technology. Today people are adapted various techniques to change their life styles and improved their standard of living. The common people outlook of modern diet and human health has undergone drastic changes in recent years. In current decades, life style as an important factor of health is more interested by researchers. According to WHO, 60% of related factors to individual health and quality of life are correlated to lifestyle (Ziglio E et al., 2004). Millions of people follow an unhealthy lifestyle. Hence, they encounter illness, disability and even death. But modern man doesn’t care about his health because of the busy life pattern. Many people are afflicted with array of diseases and disorders arising from multifaceted causes. With this change of the world we are faced various kinds of diseases and health problems. Health is an important aspect of human life. Better health is central to human happiness and well-being. It makes an imperative role for the economic progress, as healthy populations live longer, are more productive, and save more. Many factors influence health status and a country's ability to provide quality health services for its people (www.who.int/hdp/en/). Good Health is the greatest blessing of life and today it is very important that a person must fit his body physically. An unhealthy person can’t give his/her 100% to achieve his / her goal. In the process of education health is most important part. Today every government tries to improve the student’s health, because good health is a key factor of academic success or achievement. An unhealthy student faced so many barriers in the way of learning. So Health is very important in sustaining the success a student may want in their academic career. Recently the special attention is given of student’s health. But this question has been arisen that how we measure the primary health or health risk by self? If we know the primary health or health risk, so we can do something firstly, to improve our health. BMI (Body Mass Index) is the most appropriate simple indicator to measure the primary health or health risk by self (Kamalaja, 2013). BMI is a statistical calculation of weight according to height. It's a rough indicator of current health status and disease risk, based upon weight and degree of obesity. BMI is a rational display of body weight for both adults and children. One of the most widely

Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 125헒 [ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY– SEPT 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 accepted tools for evaluating and monitoring the human health is body mass index (BMI). It can help us to determine our overall fitness and your risk of developing chronic diseases.BMI is a starting point to evaluate our health. The body mass index was defined as the proportion of height to weight. BMI, calculations are based on the assumption that weight should be approximate to height. So as the primary indicator, BMI has an important tool for measuring primary health or health risk and in the academic achievement or performance if we discuss the previous research then we coming to know that BMI and Academic achievement are closely related. Like overweight and obese children are more likely to have poor academic performance. Studies performed in the United States (Datar et al., 2004), Western Europe (Mikkila et al., 2003), South America (Campos et al., 1996), and Asia (Mo-suwan et al., 1999), showed noteworthy and gloomy relations between childhood obesity and early academic results. However, the mechanism underlying the association between obesity and poor academic performance remains unclear. Few studies revealed that the cognitive abilities are influenced by BMI. Based on evidence from previous studies we can say that Obesity (BMI 30 and above) impacts student’s academic performance negatively. In this study researchers also try to point out the relationship between Body Mass Index and academic achievement.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The Relationship between Body Mass Index and Academic Achievement of Post Graduation Open Elective (Yoga Education) Students.

LITERATURE REVIEW Mo-Suwan, Lebel, Puetpaiboon, and Junjana (1999) studied first through sixth grade Thai students in Thailand. They found that the higher the student’s BMI, the lower his or her GPA. In addition, an upward trend in BMI status was associated with a greater risk of having a lower GPA. Johnson’s (2007) dissertation found that higher BMI was significantly associated with lower scores on a longitudinal basis for both reading and math. Math was even more significantly affected over time. Sigfusdottir et al. (2007) said that BMI was strongly correlated to school achievement (student self-reported grades). However, in their study parent education, absenteeism, and self-esteem significantly influenced academic success more than BMI. Sabia (2007) found a significant negative relationship between body weight and academic grade point average (GPA), as body weight increased, GPA decreased. Obesity may not be the only factor contributing to a person’s increase or decrease in academic achievement. Hill-Jones (2008) doctoral dissertation explored the prevalence of obesity and high school student performance in a low socioeconomic school district. The researcher did not find a significant association between obesity and student performance. Shore et al. (2008) found normal weight students had higher grades, higher reading test scores, better attendance rates, and fewer disciplinary problems than overweight students. Krukowski et al. (2009) found that it was more likely for overweight students to perform poorer at school (grades) than their non-overweight peers even when accounting for all other factors. Students who experienced weight-based teasing were more than 50% less likely to perform well 16 in school when compared to others who experienced no weight-based teasing. Females experienced more consequences associated with weight based teasing than males. Alatupaet. al. (2010) found that a low grade point average in elementary and middle school was a risk factor for adulthood obesity. Abdelalim et al. (2010) investigated the association between obesity and academic performance in the classroom. The researchers found no difference between obesity and academic achievement among male students, but instead said overweight students did better than both the normal and obese students. The researchers hypothesized the reason was due to the education level of their parents, since study participant students already had high grades. In the study of London and Castrechini (2011) they found that a negative correlation exists between body mass and academic achievement. However, this correlation fluctuated highly from student to student. They also found that the average body mass index of the entire class and/or school could be used to ably predict the average grade point average of the entire class and/or school, rather than used at an individual level. Davis and Cooper (2011) studied 170 overweight (according to their BMI for their age) and sedentary but healthy 7- to 11-year-old children. They found that math achievement was more affected by overweight/ obesity than reading. However, reading was more affected by physical fitness.

DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: The delimitations of the present study are as follows: (A) Geographical Area: The investigation was delimited to only Purulia district of West Bengal.

126헒 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 (B) Level of Education: (i) The study was restricted to the PG 3rd Semester Open Elective (Yoga Education) students of Sidho- Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia. (ii) The PG 3rd Semester Open Elective (Yoga Education) students (Academic Session: 2016-2018) of Sidho-Kahno-Birsha University in Purulia district were considered as the subjects of the present study.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: 1. To ascertain the BMI and the Academic Achievement (Yoga Education) of PG 3rd Semester Open Elective students of Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University in Purulia District of West Bengal. 2. To find out the relationship between BMI and Academic Achievement on Yoga Education (Open Elective) of PG 3rd Semester students. 3. To find out how much BMI predicts the Academic Achievement of PG 3rd semester Open Elective Students.

HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY: The hypotheses were formulated in null form: H01: There will have no Normal BMIand low Academic Achievement on Yoga Education (Open Elective) of PG 3rd Semester students of Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University in Purulia District of West Bengal. H02: There is no significant relationship between BMI and Academic Achievement on Yoga Education (Open Elective) of PG 3rd Semester students. rd H03: There is no significant impact of BMI on PG 3 Semester Students’ Academic Achievement of Yoga Education (Open Elective).

METHOD OF THE STUDY: The present study is based on survey method, particularly, the normative survey research method. Each student’s height and weight were measured by the researchers and BMI was calculated according to the formula: BMI = Weight in Kilograms/Height in Meters Squared.BMI was categorized into 4 classes: Underweight) BMI >18.5, Normal) BMI 18.5 >24.9, Overweight) BMI 25>29.9, and Obesity) BMI <30 and above. Academic Achievement was determined by taking a test on the total marks of 50 on Yoga education subject. Population of the Study All the PG 3rd semester students of Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia District of West Bengal are comprised the population of this study. The Sample and Sampling Procedure A sample of 51 students from PG 3rd semester students of various Departments selected through random sampling technique. Data were collected from 51 PG 3rd Semester Open Elective (Yoga Education) students. Variables of the Study Variable is an attribute which is regarded as reflecting or expressing some concepts or constructs. In the present study there are two types of variables - Independent variable known is BMI and Dependent variable is Academic achievement of Yoga Education. Statistical Techniques Percentage, Co-efficient of Correlation and Regression Analysis were used to analyse the collected data.

RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS: Testing of H01: Table-1: Academic Achievement and Body Mass Index of Students

Sl. No. Gender Marks Height Weight BMI Status 1 Female 44 153 50 21.36 Normal 2 Female 41 158 52 20.83 Normal 3 Female 41 170 102 35.29 Obesity 4 Male 39 159 45 17.8 Under Weight 5 Female 41 162 49 18.67 Normal 6 Female 41 158 50 20.03 Normal 7 Female 41 153 41 17.51 Under Weight

Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 127헒 [ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY– SEPT 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 8 Female 32 152 45 19.48 Normal 9 Female 43 162 50 19.05 Normal 10 Male 39 170 57 19.72 Normal 11 Female 35 156 49 20.13 Normal 12 Female 45 143 36 17.6 Under Weight 13 Female 40 161.54 50 19.16 Normal 14 Male 35 166 52 18.87 Normal 15 Male 40 165.5 66 24.1 Normal 16 Male 33 165 53 19.47 Normal 17 Female 34 150 41 18.22 Under Weight 18 Female 39 158 43 17.22 Under Weight 19 Female 40 158.496 60 23.88 Normal 20 Male 30 170 69 23.88 Normal 21 Female 39 152 69 29.86 Over Weight 22 Female 39 151 45 19.74 Normal 23 Male 38 167.64 55 19.57 Normal 24 Female 35 173.736 45 14.91 Under Weight 25 Female 39 158 55 22.03 Normal 26 Female 36 153 40 17.09 Under Weight 27 Male 34 144 37 17.84 Under Weight 28 Male 40 164.59 50 18.46 Under Weight 29 Male 45 164 61 22.68 Normal 30 Male 41 164 55 20.45 Normal 31 Male 41 158.496 43 17.12 Under Weight 32 Male 41 169 60 21.01 Normal 33 Male 39 178 64 20.2 Normal 34 Female 43 158 54 21.63 Normal 35 Male 29 149.35 45 20.17 Normal 36 Female 39 125.27 48 30.59 Obesity 37 Male 40 170.69 59 20.25 Normal 38 Female 36 155.45 57 23.59 Normal 39 Female 41 152.4 38 16.36 Under Weight 40 Female 30 149 45 20.27 Normal 41 Male 38 167 50 17.93 Under Weight 42 Female 39 158.49 54 21.5 Normal 43 Female 45 124.97 37 23.69 Normal 44 Male 38 165 52 19.1 Normal 45 Male 37 147 39 18.05 Under Weight 46 Female 32 154 43 18.13 Under Weight 47 Male 31 154 65 27.41 Over Weight 48 Female 39 168 56 19.84 Normal 49 Male 39 155 40 16.65 Under Weight 50 Female 30 164.59 45 16.61 Under Weight 51 Female 32 159 55 21.76 Normal 128헒 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY – SEPT 2018] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 From Table-1, it is found that out of 51 PG 3rd students (Open Elective) 31 students (60.78%) are in Normal category, 16 students (31.37%) are in Underweight, 2 students (3.92%) are in Obesity and 2 students (3.92%) are Overweight. The level of Academic Achievement of students was calculated through cut off point.

Category N Mean S.D Post Graduate Students 51 38 4.13 Through the help of cut-off point the investigators determined the level of Academic achievement. Here Cut- off Point is M +1σ. It means, Mean=38, N=51 and σ=4.13. Hence M +1 σ is 38 + 1 x 4.13 = 42.13. And M -1 σ=38 – 1x 4.13 = 33.87. Most of 3rd semester Post Graduate Students (36 in number) i.e., 70.59 % of Post Graduation Open elective Students were lies between 33.87 to 42.13 scores. Hence, it can be said that the Academic achievement of Post Graduation Open elective Students in Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia District of West Bengal is neither more high nor low i.e., satisfactory or average in the level.

Table-2: The levels of Academic Achievement of Post Graduate students. Scores Frequency Percentage Levels of Academic Achievement Above 42.13 06 11.76 % High Between-33.87-42.13 36 70.59 % Moderate / Average Below 33.87 09 17.65% Low TOTAL 51 100

Testing of H02:

Table-3: Showing significance of relationship between the BMI and Academic Achievement of PG 3rd semester Open Elective (Yoga Education) students of SKB University in Purulia District of West Bengal. Variable N df r Level of Significance BMI Not Academic 51 49 0.089 Significant Achievement at 0.01 & 0.05 level ‘r’ value 0.089 < table value 0.354 (0.01 level) = Not Significant. ‘r’ value 0.089 > table value 0.273 (0.05 level) = Not Significant. From Table -3, it can be found that ‘r’ is significant if it is 0.354 or more at 0.01 level and 0.273 or more at 0.05 level. Since 0.089 is less than 0.354 (0.089<0.354 & 0.273), the relationship between the two groups is not significant at 0.01 and 0.05 level. Therefore, there is no significant relationship exist between BMI and Academic Achievement of Post Graduation 3rd Semester Open Elective (Yoga Education) Students of SKB University in Purulia district. Hence the H02 is accepted and the H2 is rejected. However, it is also found that, though there is no significant relationship exists between BMI and Academic Achievement of Post Graduation 3rd Semester Open Elective Students in Purulia district, the relationship is positive and slight / almost negligible.

Testing of H03: Table-4: Regression Model Summary of BMI Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of Square the Estimate 1 .089a .008 -.012 4.19227 a. Predictors: (Constant), BMI

Table 5: Significance of Model Summary (ANOVAa) Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 6.819 1 6.819 .388 .536b 1 Residual 861.181 49 17.575 Total 868.000 50 a. Dependent Variable: AA b. Predictors: (Constant), BMI Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 129헒 [ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 3 I JULY– SEPT 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 From the Table- 4, it can be stated that the variable entered in the simple linear regression analysis was BMI. The multiple correlation (R) obtained was about 0.089. The value indicated that the strength of the relationship between the two variables were about 08.9%. The coefficient of multiple R square was 0.008. This showed that 0.8% of the variance on Academic Achievement on Yoga education was accounted by BMI. It would also be observed from the table- 5 that the F-ratio was significant at 0.05 level (0.388, P< 0.05) for this model. Hence the null hypothesis is accepted and there is no significant impact of predictor variable on Academic Achievement. Table- 6: Regression Coefficientsa of BMI Model Unstandardized Standardized t Sig. Coefficients Coefficients B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 35.992 3.277 10.981 .000 1 BMI .098 .157 .089 .623 .536 a. Dependent Variable: AA

In Table- 5 the standard error for the model was 0.157. The t-value of the model was highly significant (0.623, p<0.05), which revealed that the Beta value (0.098) differed significantly from zero. Thus, the simple linear regression equation at this step would be: Y = 35.992-0.098X Criterion: Y= Academic Achievement X= BMI

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: 1. The researchers could not include all the PG students of Sidho- Kanho- Birsha University in the study. 2. The researchers could not use other research tools like interview, observation etc. 3. Only PG 3rd Semester Open Elective (Yoga Education) students of Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia district included in the study. 4. This study is limited only the 3rd semester students those who are selected Yoga Education as open Elective subject of the academic session 2016-18 in the Sidho- Kanho- Birsha University, Purulia district. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY: 1. It is a humble attempt to find out the level of BMI and academic achievement on yoga education of PG 3rd semester Open Elective students. 2. The study is very much helpful to know the relationship between BMI and academic achievement on yoga education of PG 3rd semester Open Elective students. 3. This study is very much essential for acquiring the knowledge regarding BMI and physical fitness of students and the effects on their academic achievements. 4. This study is very much helpful for educational planners. 5. The study is very much helpful for knowing the physical fitness of students.

CONCLUSION: From the light of the above discussion, it is clear that, out of 51 PG 3rd students 31 students (60.78%) are in Normal category, 16 students (31.37%) are in Underweight, 2 students (3.92%) are in Obesity and 2 students (3..92%) are Overweight. It is also found that the Academic achievement of Post Graduate Open elective Students in Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia District of West Bengal is neither more high nor low i.e., satisfactory or average. Some studies pointed out that there is significant relationship between BMI and Academic Achievement of Students and there is significant impact of BMI on Students’ Academic Achievement. Health is extremely important in supporting the success students’ academic achievement. But here the study discovered that there is no significant relationship between BMI and Academic Achievement on Yoga Education (Open Elective) of PG 3rd Semester students. It was also found that there is no significant impact of BMI on PG 3rd Semester Students’ Academic Achievement of Yoga Education (Open Elective).

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