Management's Discussion and Analysis for the Year
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 Banro Corporation MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 The following management’s discussion and analysis ("MD&A"), which is dated as of April 2, 2017, provides a review of the activities, results of operations and financial condition of Banro Corporation (“Banro” or the "Company") as at and for the year ended December 31, 2016 as well as an outlook for the Company based on a defined strategy. This MD&A should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company as at and for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “Annual Financial Statements”). All dollar amounts in this MD&A are expressed in thousands of United States dollars (except per share and per ounce amounts), unless otherwise specified. The Company’s financial statements are prepared in United States dollars. All share, share option and warrant amounts (except per share amounts) are presented in thousands. Additional information relating to the Company, including the Company's annual report on Form 20-F dated April 2, 2017, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS The following MD&A contains forward-looking statements. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, that address activities, events or developments that the Company believes, expects or anticipates will or may occur in the future (including, without limitation, statements regarding the proposed implementation of the Recapitalization (as defined herein) and the anticipated effect of the Recapitalization on the Company’s operations and financial condition, estimates and/or assumptions in respect of costs, cash flows, future gold production (including the timing thereof), mineral resource and mineral reserve estimates, potential mineralization, exploration results and future plans and objectives of the Company) are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include but are not limited to the statements under the “Outlook”, “Corporate Development” and “Liquidity and Capital Resources” sections of this MD&A. These forward-looking statements reflect the current expectations or beliefs of the Company based on information currently available to the Company. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may cause the actual results of the Company to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements, and even if such actual results are realized or substantially realized, there can be no assurance that they will have the expected consequences to, or effects on the Company. Factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, the risk that the Company will be unable to obtain all approvals necessary for implementation of the Recapitalization or may not be able to satisfy the other conditions to the completion of the Recapitalization; uncertainty of estimates of capital and operating costs, production estimates and estimated economic return, the possibility that actual circumstances will differ from the estimates and assumptions used in the economic studies of the Company's projects, failure to establish estimated mineral resources or mineral reserves (the Company's mineral resource and mineral reserve figures are estimates and no assurances can be given that the indicated levels of gold will be produced), the possibility that future exploration results will not be consistent with the Company's expectations, changes in world gold markets and equity markets, political developments in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the "DRC"), uncertainties relating to the availability and costs of financing needed in the future, fluctuations in currency exchange rates, inflation, changes to regulations affecting the Company's activities, the uncertainties involved in interpreting drilling results and other geological data and the other risks disclosed under the heading “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in the Company’s annual report on Form 20-F dated April 2, 2017 filed on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and, except as may be required by applicable securities laws, the Company disclaims any intent or obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or results or otherwise. Although the Company believes that the assumptions inherent in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and accordingly undue reliance should not be put on such statements due to the inherent uncertainty therein. Page 2 of 31 Banro Corporation MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 CONTENTS FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS .............................................................................................. 2 Core Business ....................................................................................................................... 4 2016 Highlights ..................................................................................................................... 4 Twangiza Mine ..................................................................................................................... 8 Namoya Mine ..................................................................................................................... 10 Exploration ....................................................................................................................... 12 Outlook ............................................................................................................................ 12 Selected Financial Results of Operations ................................................................................... 13 Summary of Quarterly Results ................................................................................................ 17 Liquidity and Capital Resources .............................................................................................. 18 Contractual Obligations ........................................................................................................ 20 Related Party Transactions .................................................................................................... 20 Critical Accounting Estimates ................................................................................................. 20 Newly Applied Accounting Standards ........................................................................................ 23 Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Effective ....................................................................... 23 Financial Instruments ........................................................................................................... 24 Risks and Uncertainties ......................................................................................................... 24 Outstanding Share Data ........................................................................................................ 26 Disclosure Controls and Procedures .......................................................................................... 27 Internal Control Over Financial Reporting .................................................................................. 27 Non-IFRS Measures .............................................................................................................. 28 Cautionary Note to U.S. Investors Regarding Reserve and Resource Estimates ...................................... 31 Page 3 of 31 Banro Corporation MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2016 CORE BUSINESS Banro is a Canadian gold mining company focused on production from the Twangiza and Namoya mines, which began commercial production on September 1, 2012 and January 1, 2016, respectively. The Company’s longer term objectives include the development of two additional major, wholly-owned gold projects, Lugushwa and Kamituga. The four projects, each of which has a mining license, are located in the 210 kilometre long Twangiza-Namoya gold belt in the South Kivu and Maniema provinces of the DRC. The Company also undertakes exploration activities at its DRC properties with the objective of delineating additional mineral resources. As well, the Company’s DRC subsidiary, Banro Congo Mining SA, holds title to 14 exploration permits covering ground located between and contiguous to the Company’s Twangiza, Namoya, Kamituga and Lugushwa properties, covering an area of 2,638 square kilometers. All business activities are followed in a socially and environmentally responsible manner. For the purpose of this MD&A, cash costs, all-in-sustaining costs, average gold price received, gold margin and EBITDA are non- International Financial Reporting Standards (“Non-IFRS”) measures. Refer to the Non-IFRS Measures section of this MD&A for additional information. 2016 HIGHLIGHTS (I) FINANCIAL Effective January 1, 2016, commercial production was declared at Namoya. As such, the financial results for the year ended December 31, 2016, reflects the activity of both Twangiza and Namoya while the financial results for the year ended December 31, 2015, reflect the activity of only Twangiza. The table below provides a summary of financial and operating results