The Delicate Balance: an Energy and the Environment Chemistry Module
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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 477 267 SE 067 628 AUTHOR Gordon, Glen; Keifer, William; Sandoval, Amado TITLE The Delicate Balance: An Energy and the Environment Chemistry Module. Teacher's Guide. ISBN ISBN-06-561225-6 PUB DATE 1980-00-00 NOTE 111p.; Produced by the Chemistry Association of Maryland. For student book, see SE 067 627. For other modules in series, see SE 067 618-630. PUB TYPE Books (010) Guides Classroom Teacher (052) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Chemistry; Curriculum Design; Environmental Education; *Inquiry; Instructional Materials; *Interdisciplinary Approach; Science Instruction; Secondary Education; Teaching Methods ABSTRACT This teacher's guide is designed to provide science teachers with the necessary guidance and suggestions for teaching about energy and the environment. In this book, energy is discussed as one aspect of a general problem in environmental chemistry. The material in this book can be integrated with the other modules in a sequence that helps students see that chemistry is a unified science. Contents include: (1) "The Balance in Environment";(2) "Water Environment";(3) "Toxic Substances in the Environment"; (4) "The Air Environment"; (5) "Energy Sources and Uses"; and (6) "Future Sources of Energy". (KHR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. tr* U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educattutal Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION 4111__. BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) IXT444.5document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it - - Minor changes have been made to a improve reproduction quality TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent 1 official OERI position or policy A A Mb CO?Y IAVNLASIE 2 THIS BOOK IS THE PROPERTY OF: STATE Book No Enter information PROVINCE in spaces to the left as COUNTY instructed PARISH SCHOOL DISTRICT OTHER CONDITION Year interdisciplinary ISSUED RETURNED ISSUED TO Used approaches 0to chemistry PaDOECIT uEau Directors of IAC: Marjorie Gardner, 1971-73, 1976-79 Henry Heikkinen, 1973-76, 1979- PUPILS to whom this textbook is issued must not write on any page or mark any part of it in any way, Revision Coordinator: consumable textbooks excepted. Alan DeGennaro I Teachers should we Mao the wad's none is clearly women in ink in the ,pate, above in every book issued. 2 the TollowIng teems should be vsed in recording he condition al the book: Nen; Good; Fair. Poor: Sod. ILA© NOMA Fa ©HE aSTEIV Pfd©MN NODULE LADVGIONS REACTIONS AND REASON: Gordon Atkinson, Henry Heikkinen An Introductory Chemistry Module DIVERSITY AND PERIODICITY: James Huheey An Inorganic Chemistry Module FORM AND FUNCTION: Bruce Jarvis, Paul Mazzocchi An Organic Chemistry Module MOLECULES IN LIVING SYSTEMS: David Martin, Joseph Sampugna A Biochemistry Module THE HEART OF MATTER: Vic Viola A Nuclear Chemistry Module THE DELICATE BALANCE: Glen Gordon, William Keifer An Energy and the Environment Chemistry Module COMMUNITIES OF MOLECULES: Howard DeVoe A Physical Chemistry Module Teacher's Guides Teacher's Guide Coordinators: (available for each module) Robert Hearle, Amado Sandoval 3 interdisciplinary papproaches lacto chemistry TEACHER'S GUIDE THE DELICATE BALANCE AN ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT CHEMISTRY MODULE Glen Gordon William Keifer Amado Sandoval 1817 Harper & Row, Publishers New YorkPhiladelphiaHagerstown San FranciscoLondon II AUTHORS TEACHER'S GUIDE THE DELICATE BALANCE: AN ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT CHEMISTRY MODULE GLEN GORDON Glen Gordon received his bachelor's degree from the University of Illi- nois and his doctorate from the University of California at Berkeley. After teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for nine years, Glen assumed his current teaching position at the Universityof Maryland in 1969. Glen has always been concerned with the quality of teaching and the content of science courses at the high-school and college levels. He has contributed to college curricula by coauthoring (with Professor William Zoller) Chemistry in Modern Perspective and, with several coauthors, Experiments in the Chemical Environment. Dr. Gordon is currently conduct- ing research on the sources of air pollutants in United States cities. WILLIAM KEIFER Bill Keifer received a bachelor's degree from the University of Pittsburgh, a master's degree from the University of Wisconsin, and a doctorate from the University of Maryland. Bill taught chemistry for five years at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, where he developed a water-chemistry laboratory program designed for college freshmen. This program coordinated chemical and biological water-pollution studies, with the main emphasis on develop- ing student interest through the use of applied chemistry. Dr. Keifer is presently a staff member at Meteorology Institute, Inc., in Santa Rosa, California, where he conducts aircraft measurements of large-scale air-pollution problems throughout the United States. Copyright © 1980 by Chemistry Associates of Maryland, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. AMADO SANDOVAL No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any Since 1969, when he went to the University of Maryland as a Chemistry means, photographic, electrostatic or Teaching Associate, Amado (Pepe) Sandoval has been involved with mechanical, or by any information storage and retrieval system or other chemical education in the MarylandD.C. area: first as a teaching assist- method, for any use, without written ant, then as a student-teacher supervisor, teaching workshop instructor, permission from the publisher. and now as a teacher at Wilde Lake and Centennial High Schools in STANDARD BOOK NUMBER Howard County, Maryland. While at Wilde Lake High School, he has 06-561225-6 been involved in the development of the IAC program, where he devel- 012345MU0987654321 oped teacher's guide material for all the IAC modules. Contents INTRODUCING THE DELICATE BALANCE 1 Special Features in the Student Module 2 Managing the Laboratory 3 Evaluating Student Performance 4 Module Concepts 4 Module Objectives 7 TEACHING THE DELICATE BALANCE 14 OUR ENVIRONMENT: WHAT IS THE BALANCE? 14 E-1Earth: Its Delicate Balance 14 E-2Maintaining the Balance 15 E-3The Population Explosion 15 E-4The Limits to Growth 16 E-5Energy Watch/Miniexperiment 16 E-6 How Is Chemistry Involved? 17 E-7Don't Feed the Algae/Experiment 18 THE WATER ENVIRONMENT 22 E-8 Water, Water Everywhere 22 E-9 The Effects of Industrial Pollutants 22 E-10 Eutrophication and Overfed Lakes 22 E-11 How Did Your Algae Grow?/Experiment 23 E-12 Putting Algae on a Diet 23 E-13 Phosphate in Water and Detergents/Experiment 24 E-14 Why Phosphates in Detergents? 26 E-15 Ring Around the BathtublMiniexperiment 26 E-16 How Hard Is the Water?/Experiment 27 E-17 Detergents: The Phosphate Dilemma 29 E-18 Out of SightNot Out of Circulation 29 E-19 Testing for the BOD/Experiment 30 E-20 Lowering the BOD 31 E-W1 pH of Deter gents/Miniexperiment 31 E-W2Resources-Out-of-Place 32 E-W3 Acid Mine Drainage 32 TOXIC SUBSTANCES IN THE ENVIRONMENT 35 E-21The Pyramid of Life 35 E-22Alien Substances in the Environment 36 E-23PesticidesWhere Did the Birds Go? 36 E-24Shall the Bugs Take Over? 37 E-25Carcinogens in the Environment 37 III THE AIR ENVIRONMENT 42 E-26Airing the Problem 42 E-27"Hello," Sulfur Dioxide 43 E-28Controlling S02Then What? 43 E-29Sulfuric Acid in Action/Miniexperiment 44 E-30It Isn't Raining Rain 44 E-31pH of Rainfall/Experiment 45 E-32Can Anything Be Done? 45 E-33 On a Clear Day 46 E-34Light Scattering/Experiment 46 E-35The Particles We Breathe 47 E-36Automobile Exhaustion 48 E-37Photochemical Smog 49 E-38 NO2 Ways About It/Experiment 50 E-39Lead as an Air Pollutant 53 E-40Lead Astray/Experiment 53 E-41Lead in Your Home?/Experiment 54 E-42Unclean at Any Speed? 55 E-43Cleaner Power for Autos 56 E-44The Greenhouse Effect 57 E-45Global Effects of Particles 58 E-46 OzoneSpray It Away? 58 ENERGY: USE AND CRISIS 63 E-47Feast to Famine 63 E-48Energy Sources and Uses 64 E-49The Oil Squeeze 67 E-50The Energy-Watch Wrap-up/Miniexperiment 67 E-51 Energy and the Environment 68 E-52Energy from Nuclei: Fission 68 E-53Hazards of Fission Reactors 69 E-54Lost HeatWhere Does It Go? 72 E-55The Fizz Is Familiar/Experiment 73 E-E Dissolved Oxygen/Experiment 74 FUTURE SOURCES OF ENERGY 79 E-56Heat from the Earth 79 E-57Harnessing the Sun 80 E-58Sun Power/Miniexperiment 81 E-59Electricity from the Sun/Miniexperiment 82 E-60Growing Solar Energy 82 E-61Far-out Solar Schemes 83 E-62Energy from Nuclei: Fusion 84 E-63Synfuels to the Rescue? 84 E-64What's the Energy in Our Future? 85 E-F Fuel Cells and the "Hydrogen Economy" 85 iv WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? 88 APPENDIX Safety 89 Metric Units 90 Module Tests 91 Knowledge Centered Module Test 92 Skill-Centered Module Test 94 IAC Test Answer Sheet 96 Materials List 99 Acknowledgments 103 Index 105 Table of International Relative Atomic Masses 106 Periodic Table of the Elements 8 Introducing The Delicate Balance The first edition of The Delicate Balance was pub- have shown that sulfur dioxide, once thought to lished during the early 1970s, when national be a major "culprit," is not as much of a problem awareness of environmental problems was at its as the particulate materials (especially sulfuric height. At that time, a growing concern existed acid) derived from it. In addition, the degradation over the conflict between the need for energy and of visibility by fine sulfate and carbon particles the desire for improved environmental quality. and the acidity of rainfall have become matters of This anxiety arose because many of our major serious concern.