What Is Diabetes? Distributed in Collaboration Place Logo Here with Account X

What is diabetes? Distributed in collaboration place logo here with Account X

If you or someone you know has diabetes, you’re not What happens in diabetes? alone. Millions of people have diabetes. Diabetes cannot yet be cured. But it can be managed. Diabetes is a condition in which the body doesn’t make or use insulin correctly. The image below shows, The most common types of in a simple way, what happens normally when you eat. diabetes are type 1 and type 2 In people without diabetes: Type 1 Type 2 n When you eat, some of your food is broken down into sugar (also called glucose). Sugar travels in your In type 1 diabetes, In type 2 diabetes, blood to all your body’s cells. Your cells need sugar the body makes little your body prevents for energy. Sugar from food makes your blood or no insulin, due to an the insulin it does sugar level go up overactive autoimmune make from working n In response to increased sugar, beta cells in system. So people with right. Or it may not the pancreas release a hormone called insulin. type 1 diabetes must make enough insulin. Insulin is like a key that unlocks the doors of your take insulin every day. Most people with cells so that sugar can get into the cells, where it Type 1 diabetes usually diabetes have type 2. is used as a source of energy occurs in children Some risk factors for and young adults, this kind of diabetes n There are other hormones that play important but it can also appear include older age, roles in how the body uses sugar. For example, in older adults. (An being overweight or amylin and GLP-1 help reduce the amount of autoimmune disease obese, family history, sugar made by the liver and slow the emptying of means that the body and having certain food from the stomach. Another hormone called attacks its own cells by ethnic backgrounds. glucagon tells the liver to release stored sugar if your mistake.) blood sugar gets too low or if you have not eaten for many hours, such as overnight The information below focuses on type 2 diabetes. For more information about type 1 diabetes, visit Cornerstones4Care.com.

Blood sugar

Food Digestion Cells

Hormones Pancreatic Insulin (like GLP-1) beta cells (release insulin and amylin) What is diabetes?

In people with diabetes: Knowing your A1C n Your pancreas makes little or no insulin, or The A1C test measures your estimated average blood n Your body prevents the insulin you do make from sugar level over the past 2 to 3 months. It’s like a working right. This is called insulin resistance “memory” of your blood sugar levels. It shows how well you’re controlling your blood sugar levels over time.

Your A1C is made up of 2 other blood sugar Checking your blood sugar measurements:

Checking your blood sugar yourself can be an n FPG is your fasting plasma glucose. This is your blood important part of a diabetes care plan. Checking sugar number when you have been fasting (not often will tell you: eating) for at least 8 hours

n If your insulin or other diabetes medicine is n PPG is your postprandial plasma glucose. This is your working after-meal blood sugar level, which you check about 1 to 2 hours after you eat. It measures the blood n How physical activity, the foods you eat, and stress sugar spikes that happen after you eat affect your blood sugar Both your FPG and your PPG have to be at their targets You’ll usually feel better and have more energy in order for your A1C to be at target. when your blood sugar stays at or near your goal. Managing your blood sugar can also reduce your risk Your A1C and your blood sugar levels go up and down of developing problems from together. Here is how A1C relates to the estimated diabetes. average blood sugar level:

A1C levels Average blood sugar

6% 126 mg/dL

7% 154 mg/dL

8% 183 mg/dL

9% 212 mg/dL

10% 240 mg/dL

11% 269 mg/dL

12% 298 mg/dL

Adapted from the American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes—2016. Diabetes Care. 2016;39(suppl 1):S1-S112 It is recommended that you get an A1C test: How to check your blood sugar n At least 2 times a year if your blood sugar is under and keep track of your numbers good control Many different kinds of blood sugar meters are available n 4 times a year if you’re not meeting your goals or today. Your diabetes care team can help you choose a if your treatment has changed meter and show you how to use it.

According to the American Diabetes Association, It’s important to write down your blood sugar levels so lowering your A1C to below 7% may reduce your that you can keep track of what makes them go up or risk of some diabetes-related problems, like problems down. Some meters also keep a log of your past blood with your nerves, eyes, and kidneys. Your health care sugar levels. You can also ask your diabetes care team provider will tell you what your personal A1C goal for a copy of the Cornerstones4Care® booklet should be. Staying on Track. Or go to Cornerstones4Care.com for an online tracker. Talk with your diabetes care team about your A1C goal and write it here: ______

When to check your blood sugar

I am taking non-insulin diabetes medicine diabetes non-insulin taking am I

I am taking mealtime insulin mealtime taking am I

You and your diabetes care team will decide when and insulin long-acting taking am I Date: Date:

how often you should check your blood sugar. Here are ______A1C: recent most My

some times when you may want to check:

07/2015 A diary of your blood sugar blood your of diary A

n At bedtime and when you wake up, to see if your tracker sugar blood Your blood sugar is staying under control while you’re asleep

Open here n Before meals or large snacks, to know what your If you’ve received this tracker without the Staying on IfTrack your doctor wants you to adjust your mealtime insulin. Use this section based on your doctor’s instructions.

Adding or starting mealtime insulin

booklet, you can ask your diabetes care team for the booklet. Because diabetes changes over time, your doctor may decide to add mealtime insulin to your plan to help control blood sugar when you eat. There are many ways to add mealtime insulin to your care plan. Together, your doctor and you will decide on the insulin plan that is right for you. It will give you more information about knowing your You and your doctor can use the example under this flap to see how you might 55

add mealtime insulin one meal at a time.

com . Care 4 Cornerstones 2015 August 0615-00027363-1 reserved. rights All Nordisk Novo 2015 ©

blood sugar is before you eat A/S. Nordisk Novo of trademark registered a is Nordisk Novo Cornerstones4Care

A/S. Nordisk Novo of trademark registered a is numbers and managing your diabetes. ®

Care.com today to sign up ailments. other or diabetes have necessarily not do photographs the in models The only. illustration for are booklet this in used photographs The

e 1-800-727-6500. call please

in ic

e m s s

abet i

d in ul s

n on-i n g g

n i k a am t am I

ime insu ime t meal

ng ki a t m a I

ul s n i g

long-actin

I am taking am I

______

___

______trackers, additional order To te: te: a D

_ _

___

______

____

recent A1C: A1C: recent t s

y M

5 1 0 2 / 7 0

r a

sug

our bloo our y of

y r a di a

ur blood sugar tracker sugar blood ur yo

If yo staying on track u’ve received this tracker w ithout the Staying on Track your blood sugar booklet, tra yo cker and guide to u can ask track ing you and adjusting r diabete mealtime s insu ca lin re team for the booklet. It will give you more infor mation about knowing your numbers and managing your diabetes.

Go to Cornerstones4 Care.com today to sign up

for a free personali zed program to help you reach your Go to Cornerstones4 diabetes care goals. goals. care diabetes your

To order additional trackers, please call 1-800

-727-6500. reach you help to program personalized free a for

The photog raphs used in this booklet are for illustration only. The mode Cornerstones4Care® ls in the photographs do not n is a registered trademark of N ecessarily have diabetes or ot N ovo Nordisk A/S. her ailments.

ovo Nordisk is a registered tra

rnerstones4Care.com

5 to Go 5

Cornerstones

time. time.

a a 4

at at l l a

on Care.com

in l

su in me me lti mea

add

t t gh

m u u

how

to see see to up sign to today

p fla s s hi t

der un

exampl e e

th se se

can can

r r

ur docto ur yo d n a u o Y

ou y

for

ght ght ri s s

i t a

n t n a n pl n

i l

insu

he he

ecide on on ecide

l d l l

ou wi ou

and

or or

oct

r, your d your r,

the

pla

care care r r

to to

n n

nsuli i

ime

dd mea dd

to to

ys ys

any

re a re e h

at. at.

r wh r

d d

oo diabetes. your managing and numbers

l l

con

p p

lan

p r r

you

t n n i l

time

dd dd

e e

may

d r r

over t over

ges n a h c

s te e b a di e e s Becau

ltime insul ltime

mea rting rting

or sta or g g n ddi A

ction

ctor’s instr ctor’s your knowing about information more you give will It

o d

d o d

on i

s s

e th e s

lin

e e

adju

you you

n a

r w r o t c do

r u yo

here

n e p O

for a free personalized program to help you reach booklet. the for team care diabetes your ask can you booklet,

If you’ve received this tracker without the the without tracker this received you’ve If n 1 to 2 hours after meals, to see how the food you your diabetes care goals. Track on Staying Your blood sugar tracker

A diary of your blood sugar 07/2015

______My most recent A1C:

Date: ______

I am taking long-acting insulin I am taking mealtime insulin eat affects your blood sugar To order additional trackers, I am taking non-insulin diabetes medicine please call 1-800-727-6500.

Novo Nordisk Inc. grants permission to reproduce this piece for nonprofit educational purposes only, on condition that the piece is maintained

n Before and within minutes after physical activity, to in its original format and that the copyright notice is displayed. Novo Nordisk Inc. reserves the right to revoke this permission at any time. ® The photographs used is ina registeredthis booklet trademark are for illustration of Novo Nordiskonly. The A/S. models in the photographs do not necessarily have diabetestime. a or otherat ailments.meal one insulin mealtime add

Cornerstones4Care

Novo Nordisk is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S. might you how see to flap this under

see how being active affects your blood sugar example the use can doctor your and You

the insulin plan that is right for you. for right is that plan insulin the 55

plan. Together, your doctor and you will decide on on decide will you and doctor your Together, plan.

There are many ways to add mealtime insulin to your care care your to insulin mealtime add to ways many are There

mealtime insulin to your plan to help control blood sugar when you eat. eat. you when sugar blood control help to plan your to insulin mealtime

Depending on the medicine you’re taking, your health Because diabetes changes over time, your doctor may decide to add add to decide may doctor your time, over changes diabetes Because

Adding or starting mealtime insulin mealtime starting or Adding

care professional may want you to check your blood

sugar more or less often. Talk with him or her about instructions. doctor’s your on based section this Use

If your doctor wants you to adjust your mealtime insulin. insulin. mealtime your adjust to you wants doctor your If

how often and when you should be checking. here Open

What is diabetes?

Managing type 2 diabetes Without diabetes As part of your diabetes care plan, your care team may In people without diabetes, start by asking you to take different diabetes medicines beta cells in the pancreas make such as pills or other non-insulin medicines. and release insulin to keep blood sugar levels normal. Your diabetes care team will help you develop a diabetes care plan that is right for you. In addition to Pancreas Release taking medicine, you should aim for a balanced and of insulin healthy eating plan, making physical activity a regular part of your daily routine, getting to and staying at your target weight, and tracking your blood sugar numbers.

It is now clear that type 2 diabetes will continue to Beta cells change over time: n The beta cells may stop working. Research suggests With diabetes that many people with type 2 diabetes may already In people with type 2 diabetes, have lost about 50% to 80% of their beta cell there may be fewer working function by the time their diabetes is diagnosed beta cells in the pancreas. The beta cells may stop working n As the number or function of beta cells goes and may make too little insulin. down, the pancreas may make less and less insulin. Or they may make enough As a result, your treatment may also need to insulin, but the body doesn’t use it properly. That prevents it from change over time working to lower blood sugar. To avoid problems related to diabetes, it is important to keep your blood sugar as close to Pancreas Release your target as possible. You can learn more at of insulin Cornerstones4Care.com. Or ask your diabetes care team for more information. And talk with them about which diabetes treatment is right for you. Beta cells

For more information about diabetes, visit Cornerstones4Care.com

Novo Nordisk Inc. grants permission to reproduce this piece for nonprofit educational purposes only on condition that the piece is maintained in its original format and that the copyright notice is displayed. Novo Nordisk Inc. reserves the right to revoke this permission at any time. Cornerstones4Care® is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S. Novo Nordisk is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S. © 2016 Novo Nordisk Printed in the U.S.A. USA16PCT01543 August 2016 Cornerstones4Care.com Support and diabetes management tools built around you. Enroll today to get FREE, personalized diabetes support with Cornerstones4Care®.

Diabetes Health Coach Meal Planning Tools Interactive Trackers An online program that builds a Create tasty, diabetes-friendly meals Record A1C, weight, and blood customized action plan around your sugar numbers needs to help you learn healthy habits

Enrolling is easy. Just complete this form. Review and complete below. All fields with asterisks (*) are REQUIRED. * Phone number: * q I have diabetes or q I care for someone who has diabetes * First name______* Last name ______MI _____ ( ) –

* Address 1 ______* Cell phone number:

Address 2 ______( ) –

* City ______* State ______

* ZIP______* Email ______Novo Nordisk Inc. (“Novo Nordisk”) understands protecting your personal and health information is very important. We do not share any personally identifiable information you give us with third parties for their own * Birth date mm/dd/yyyy / / marketing use. * What type of diabetes do you or the person you care for have? I understand from time to time, Novo Nordisk’s Privacy Policy may (Check one) change, and for the most recent version of the Privacy Policy, please visit www.C4CPrivacy.com. q Type 2 q Type 1 q Don’t know By signing and dating below, I consent that the information I am providing may be used by Novo Nordisk, its affiliates or vendors to keep me * What type of diabetes medicine has been prescribed? (Check all informed about products, patient support services, special offers, or other that apply) opportunities that may be of interest to me via mail and email. Novo Nordisk may also combine the information I provide with information about me from q Insulin q GLP-1 medicine third parties to better match these offers with my interests. These materials q None q Other may contain information that market or advertise Novo Nordisk products, q Diabetes pills (also called oral antidiabetic drugs, or OADs) goods, or services.

* If you checked “Insulin,” “GLP-1 medicine,” or “Other,” q Yes, I’d like to be contacted by Novo Nordisk via phone calls and please fill in the following for each: text messages at the phone numbers I have provided. By checking this box, and signing and dating below, I authorize Product 1:______Novo Nordisk to use auto-dialers, prerecorded messages, and artificial voice messages to contact me. I understand that these calls and text messages How long has this product been taken? may market or advertise Novo Nordisk products, goods, or services. I q Prescribed but not taken q 7-12 months understand that I am not required to consent to being contacted by phone q 0-3 months q 1-3 years or text message as a condition of any purchase of goods or services. q 4-6 months q 3 or more years I may opt out at any time by clicking the unsubscribe link within any email Product 2:______I receive, by calling 1.877.744.2579, or by sending a letter with my request to Novo Nordisk Inc., 800 Scudders Mill Road, Plainsboro, New Jersey How long has this product been taken? 08536. q Prescribed but not taken q 7-12 months By providing my information to Novo Nordisk and signing and dating below, I q 0-3 months q 1-3 years certify I am at least eighteen (18) years of age and agree to the terms above. q 4-6 months q 3 or more years

3 easy ways to enroll: * Signature (required)______1. Fax the completed form to 1-866-549-2016 * Date (required)______2. Email the completed form to [email protected] mm/dd/yyyy 3. Call 1-888-825-1518 and follow the voice prompts

Cornerstones4Care® is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S. Novo Nordisk is a registered trademark of Novo Nordisk A/S. © 2016 Novo Nordisk 000732171 All rights reserved. USA16PCT01543 August 2016