Erica Morini Kehrte Sie Für Ein Konzert in Ihre Heimatstadt Wien Zu- Rück

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Erica Morini Kehrte Sie Für Ein Konzert in Ihre Heimatstadt Wien Zu- Rück Morini, Erica Erica Morini kehrte sie für ein Konzert in ihre Heimatstadt Wien zu- rück. Ihr Lebensmittelpunkt blieb bis zu ihrem Tode * 5. Januar 1905 in Wien, New York. † 1. November 1995 in New York, Biografie Die Spanne der Geburtsdaten, die man in Texten über Erica Morini wurde am 5. Januar 1905 als Tochter des Erica Morini findet, erstreckt sich von 1904 bis 1910. In Geigers Oiser (Oskar) Morini und der Pianistin Malka einem Interview mit Opfern des Nationalsozialismus aus Morini (geb. Weissmann) in Wien geboren. Ihre Eltern Österreich, das am 20. August 1987 in Bozen aufgenom- waren beide Juden, lebten aber assimiliert. Laut Erica men wurde, gibt Erica Morini ihr Geburtsdatum mit Morinis Nichte, Helga Dudman, war Erica das vierte von 1908 an, Tag und Monat werden nicht genannt (Österrei- sechs Kindern – vier Mädchen und zwei Jungen (Dud- chische Mediathek, Wien: Signatur 6-20500). Das digita- man. Who Stole my Aunt Erica’s Fabulous Stradivarius?, le „Österreich Lexikon“ sowie das Geburtenbuch der S. 10). Ihren ersten Geigenunterricht erhielt sie im Alter Stadt Wien nennen übereinstimmend den 5. Januar von drei oder vier Jahren bei ihrem Vater, der eine eige- 1905 als Geburtsdatum (Ostleitner. Erica Morini – Versu- ne Musikschule in Wien leitete. Bereits ein Jahr später ch einer Annäherung, S.131). konzertierte sie in Kurorten wie Marienbad und Karls- bad. Als Höhepunkt ihrer frühen Wunderkindkarriere „Wunderkind“, Geigerin wird ein Auftritt vor dem Kaiser betrachtet – damals war sie fünf Jahre alt. (Campbell. Die großen Geiger, S. 187) Etwa im Alter von acht Jahren (die Angaben differieren „A violinist is a violinist and I am to be judged as one – hier wegen des modifizierten Geburtsdatums stark) wech- not as a female musician.“ selte Erica Morini zu dem bekannten Violinpädagogen („Ein Geiger ist ein Geiger, und ich werde für einen sol- Otakar Ševčík in die Meisterklasse des Wiener Konserva- chen gehalten – nicht für eine weibliche Musikerin.”) toriums. Mit zwölf galt sie bereits als fertig ausgebildete Solistin. Nachdem sie 1921 ihr amerikanisches Debüt in (Erica Morini im Gespräch mit dem Musikkritiker der der Carnegie Hall gegeben hatte, wurde ihr als Auszeich- „New York Times“ Harold C. Schonberg, zit. n. New York nung die Guadagnini-Violine der Geigerin Maud Powell Times, 3. November 1995, S.22) (1868-1920) vererbt. Powell hatte in ihrem Testament festgelegt, die Geige solle der nächsten „großen Geigerin“ zukommen (Applebaum. The Way They Play, S. 137). Mo- Profil rini spielte dennoch weiterhin meist die Stradivarius, die Erica Morini war eine der wenigen Geigerinnen ihrer Ge- ihr Vater für sie gekauft hatte. neration, die erfolgreich den Schritt vom Wunderkind Obwohl sie von diesem Zeitpunkt an auch in den USA als zur ernst genommenen Solistin meisterte. Als sie 1976 Interpretin sehr gefragt war, kehrte sie zunächst mit ih- ihr Abschiedskonzert gab, konnte sie auf eine Konzertkar- rem Vater und ihrer Schwester nach Wien zurück. 1932 riere von über 50 Jahren zurückblicken. heiratete sie den amerikanischen Geschäftsmann Felice Siracusano. Seine Verbindungen und ihr (seit ihrer ers- Orte und Länder ten USA-Tournee bestehender) Kontakt zu der New Yor- Ihre Kindheit und Jugend verbrachte Erica Morini haupt- ker Konzertagentur „Metropolitan Musical Bureau“ wa- sächlich in Wien. Nach ihrem Konzertdebüt im Jahre ren ihr eine große Hilfe, als sie 1938 wegen ihrer jüdi- 1916 mit den Tonkünstlern Wien trat sie auch in anderen schen Abstammung endgültig dorthin übersiedelte und Städten, u.a. in Berlin (1918) und Leipzig (1919), auf. Ih- eine Karriere in den USA aufbaute (Dudman. Who Stole re erste Auslandstournee führte sie 1921 in die USA, wo my Aunt Erica’s Fabulous Stradivarius?, S. 16). Bis in die sie in der Carnegie Hall ihr amerikanisches Debüt gab. 1970er Jahre führte Morini das bewegte Leben einer welt- 1938 emigrierte sie in die USA und nahm dort 1943 die bekannten Solistin. Sie konzertierte unter anderem in amerikanische Staatsbürgerschaft an. Während des Zwei- Australien, Israel und Südamerika. In Europa sind Kon- ten Weltkriegs konzertierte Erica Morini hauptsächlich zerte zum Teil durch Tondokumente belegt (Casals Festi- in den USA. Später reiste sie für Konzerte u.a. nach Isra- val Perpignan 1951, Salzburger Festspiele 1959, s. Disko- el, Südamerika, Australien und Deutschland. Erst 1949 graphie). 1976 gab Erica Morini ihr Abschiedskonzert in – 1 – Morini, Erica New York. Sie starb im Alter von 90 Jahren am 1. Novem- ihrem Repertoire. Morini wurde dem Komponisten in Po- ber 1995 in einem New Yorker Krankenhaus. Viel Aufse- len durch den Dirigenten Gregor Fitelberg vorgestellt hen erregte die Tatsache, dass kurz vor ihrem Tod, als sie und traf ihn [Prokofjew] später auf einer Tournee mit bereits wegen eines Herzleidens im Krankenhaus lag, in dem Pianisten Artur Balsam wieder. Leon Pommers erin- ihr Appartement eingebrochen wurde und neben ihrer nert sich, dass Morini selbst der sarkastische Unterton ih- Stradivarius-Geige viele persönliche Dokumente ver- rer ,wienerischen Interpretation‘ von Prokofjews Musik schwanden. Bis heute ist dieser Diebstahl nicht aufge- gar nicht bewusst war. […] Prokofjew erwähnte ihr gegen- klärt worden (Dudman. Who Stole my Aunt Erica’s Fabu- über am Telefon, dass er gerade dabei sei, ein Violinkon- lous Stradivarius?, S. VII). zert fertig zu stellen, und es ihr gern widmen würde. Ob- wohl sie bereits einige seiner Werke gespielt hatte, zöger- Würdigung te sie, die Widmung anzunehmen. Ihre höfliche Ableh- Auch wenn mittlerweile einige von Erica Morinis Einspie- nung ärgerte sie später, als sie ein tieferes Verständnis lungen digitalisiert wurden und ihr Name in der Litera- für seine Musik entwickelte.“ Evans. Morini in Concert, tur über GeigerInnen durchaus zu finden ist, scheint sie S. 6) aus heutiger Sicht nicht denselben Stellenwert in der In- terpretationsgeschichtsschreibung einzunehmen wie bei- Morinis Schwerpunktsetzung in ihrem Repertoire steht spielsweise ihre Zeitgenossen Jascha Heifetz oder Nat- in derselben Tradition wie einige charakteristische Para- han Milstein. Die Urteile von Kollegen und KritikerIn- meter ihrer Geigentechnik. In einem Interview mit Allen nen (s. Rezeption) sowie die vorliegenden Tondokumen- Evans berief sie sich dabei vor allem auf ihre Lehrerin Ro- te sprechen dafür, dass sie die herausragende Geigerin ih- sa Hochmann-Rosenfeld, die eine Schülerin Max Bruchs rer Zeit war und mit ihren zahlreichen berühmten männ- war: „Hochmann studied all three of Max Bruch’s [vio- lichen Kollegen durchaus auf einer Stufe stand. Die in lin] concertos with Bruch himself, so I may safely say I der „New York Times“ zitierte Aussage Morinis, sie wolle play the G minor according to the direct Bruch traditi- als Geiger bewertet werden und nicht als Musikerin, on.“ („Hochmann hatte die drei Violinkonzerte Max zeigt deutlich, dass sie nicht als Ausnahmeerscheinung Bruchs mit ihm persönlich einstudiert. Daher kann ich in einer eigenen Kategorie bewertet, sondern auf diesel- mit Sicherheit sagen, dass ich das g-Moll-Konzert in di- be Weise ernst genommen werden wollte wie ihre männ- rekter Bruch-Tradition spiele.“ Evans. Morini plays Mo- lichen Kollegen. Warum sich Morinis Bekanntheit denno- zart, S.5) ch meist darin erschöpft, dass während eines Kranken- Rezeption hausaufenthaltes ihre Stradivarius gestohlen wurde, soll- te zum Nachdenken anregen. Der Dirigent Josef Krips (*1902) schreibt in seinen Erin- nerungen über Erica Morinis Wiener Debüt: Erica Morinis Name ist eng mit der Interpretation klassi- „Von meinem fünfzehnten bis zu meinem siebzehnten Le- scher und romantischer Werke der Violinliteratur ver- bensjahr spielte ich auch als Substitut im Volksopernor- bunden. Ihr Interesse an der Interpretation zeitgenössi- chester. […] Zu dieser Zeit hörte ich zum ersten Mal Eri- scher Musik scheint eher gering gewesen zu sein. Allen ca Morini. Wir sind fast gleich alt. Sie war ein ganz jun- Evans beschreibt folgende Anekdote in diesem Zusam- ges Wesen, ich sehe sie noch mit der blauen Masche im menhang: „In her repertoire, Morini played few contem- Haar. Sie interpretierte wunderbar das Violinkonzert A- porary works. Morini was introduced to the composer in Dur von Mozart, begleitet von den Tonkünstlern – da- Poland by the conductor Gregor Fitelberg and later met mals gab es noch keine Wiener Symphoniker – unter der him in Russia, when she toured with pianist Artur Bal- Leitung ihres Chefs Oskar Nebdal. Ich erinnere mich, im sam. Leon Pommers recalls how her approach to Proko- zweiten Satz spielte sie plötzlich ganz allein. Das Orches- fiev was overly Viennese, unaware of its sarcastic under- ter hatte sozusagen umgeschmissen; sie ließ sich aber current. [...] By phone, Prokofiev mentioned that he was nicht beirren und spielte einfach weiter. Nach ungefähr about to complete a concerto and wished to dedicate it to zehn Sekunden fand das Orchester wieder hinein.“ (Josef her. Although she had played through some of his works, Krips: Ohne Liebe kann man keine Musik machen… Erin- Morini hesitated to accept it. Her polite refusal troubled nerungen, S.17) her years later as she came to better understand his mu- sic.“ („Morini hatte nur wenige zeitgenössische Stücke in In der 1920 erschienenen 6. Auflage von Wilhelm Joseph – 2 – Morini, Erica von Wasielewskis Buch „Die Violine und ihre Meister“ feiert in ihrer Wahlheimat USA und von ihren Kollegen (S. 659) heißt es: „Ein Wunderkind, dem von der Kritik hoch geschätzt. Fritz Kreisler lobte sie begeistert: ,Nie- eine große Zukunft
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