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3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers by Tim Warner © Copyright
The Evolution of God 3. Fragments of the Apostolic Fathers By Tim Warner © Copyright www.4windsfellowships.net he earliest Christian writers whose works have survived, those known to have direct connections to the Apostles, were one disciple of Paul (Clement of Rome) T and two disciples of John (Polycarp1 of Smyrna and Ignatius2 of Antioch). These authors had been personally instructed by the Apostles and were leaders within the Christian assemblies established by the Apostles. The writings of these men were addressed to fellow believers or assemblies, being pastoral in nature rather than apologetic. They did not attempt to refute heresy or extensively define doctrines, since commonality of doctrine was assumed between writer and his audience. Their surviving works did not attempt to interact with pagans or portray Christianity in ways the pagans could easily digest. They were intended to be read and digested by Christians. These most ancient specimens reflect the common Christian belief in the personal preexistence of the Son of God as the “Word” (Logos) of John’s prologue, His emptying Himself to become fully human, His exaltation to the right hand of God, and His future role as King. Earliest Christian Writers with direct Connections to the Apostles: Clement of Rome: In his epistle to the Corinthians, Clement of Rome referred to Jesus Christ as the speaker in Psalm 118:18, calling Him the “Word.” Clement writes: “For thus saith the holy Word: ‘The Lord hath severely chastened me, yet hath not given me over to death.’”3 That the one speaking in Psalm 118 is the Son of God is shown just four verses later: “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone. -
BUNYAN STUDIES a Journal of Reformation and Nonconformist Culture
BUNYAN STUDIES A Journal of Reformation and Nonconformist Culture Number 23 2019 Bunyan Studies is the official journal of The International John Bunyan Society www.johnbunyansociety.org www.northumbria.ac.uk/bunyanstudies BUNYAN STUDIES –— A Journal of Reformation and Nonconformist Culture –— Editors W. R. Owens, Open University and University of Bedfordshire Stuart Sim, formerly of Northumbria University David Walker, Northumbria University Associate Editors Rachel Adcock, Keele University Robert W. Daniel, University of Warwick Reviews Editor David Parry, University of Exeter Editorial Advisory Board Sylvia Brown, University of Alberta N. H. Keeble, University of Stirling Vera J. Camden, Kent State University Thomas H. Luxon, Dartmouth College Anne Dunan-Page, Aix-Marseille Université Vincent Newey, University of Leicester Katsuhiro Engetsu, Doshisha University Roger Pooley, Keele University Isabel Hofmeyr, University of the Witwatersrand Nigel Smith, Princeton University Ann Hughes, Keele University Richard Terry, Northumbria University Editorial contributions and correspondence should be sent by email to W. R. Owens at: [email protected] Books for review and reviews should be sent by mail or email to: Dr David Parry, Department of English and Film, University of Exeter, Queen’s Building, The Queen’s Drive, Exeter EX4 4QH, UK [email protected] Subscriptions: Please see Subscription Form at the back for further details. Bunyan Studies is free to members of the International John Bunyan Society (see Membership Form at the back). Subscription charges for non-members are as follows: Within the UK, each issue (including postage) is £10.00 for individuals; £20.00 for institutions. Outside the UK, each issue (including airmail postage) is £12.00/US$20.00 for individuals; £24.00/US$40.00 for institutions. -
Luther's Commentary on Paul's Galatians and Its Elizabethan
Luther’s Commentary on Paul’s Galatians and its Elizabethan translation, John Bunyan’s ‘wounded conscience’, and Arthur Dent’s Plaine Mans Pathway to Heaven. P. J. H. Titlestad University of Pretoria Luther gave his lectures on Paul’s Galatians in 1534. They offered a rather different theology from his thunderous predestinarian refutation of Erasmus in De servo arbitrio (1525). An English translation of the Commentary on Galatians appeared in 1575, a tattered copy of which fell into the hands of John Bunyan in the 1650s, and is mentioned lovingly in his autobiography for its capacity to assuage the troubled conscience. Luther was Bunyan’s coach in his battles with Satan – his doubts about his election: the Apollyon episode in The Pilgrim’s Progress, with its flaming darts, is central to the allegory and its chief link to Luther’s Commentary. How Marxist critics avoid this raises interesting questions about literary criticism. Another issue is whether Bunyan, under the influence of Luther’s Commentary, moves away from the Calvinist scholasticism of Arthur Dent’s The Plaine Mans Pathway to Heaven (1601) and of how his own experience and his pastoral practice came to be modified. Was Bunyan “Lutheran” or Calvinist? Was Richard Greave, our chief student of his theology, on the mark? And did Bunyan undergo something similar to the ‘tower experience’ which later scholars have attributed to Luther? oubtless to spread honours in both directions, Luther used to refer to Paul’s epistle to the Galatians by the name of the nun Dhe married: his Katie von Bora of biblical texts, so one has to expect S. -
John Buchan's Uncollected Journalism a Critical and Bibliographic Investigation
JOHN BUCHAN’S UNCOLLECTED JOURNALISM A CRITICAL AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC INVESTIGATION PART II CATALOGUE OF BUCHAN’S UNCOLLECTED JOURNALISM PART II CATALOGUE OF BUCHAN’S UNCOLLECTED JOURNALISM Volume One INTRODUCTION............................................................................................. 1 A: LITERATURE AND BOOKS…………………………………………………………………….. 11 B: POETRY AND VERSE…………………………………………………………………………….. 30 C: BIOGRAPHY, MEMOIRS, AND LETTERS………………………………………………… 62 D: HISTORY………………………………………………………………………………………………. 99 E: RELIGION……………………………………………………………………………………………. 126 F: PHILOSOPHY AND SCIENCE………………………………………………………………… 130 G: POLITICS AND SOCIETY……………………………………………………………………… 146 Volume Two H: IMPERIAL AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS……………………………………………………… 178 I: WAR, MILITARY, AND NAVAL AFFAIRS……………………………………………….. 229 J: ECONOMICS, BUSINESS, AND TRADE UNIONS…………………………………… 262 K: EDUCATION……………………………………………………………………………………….. 272 L: THE LAW AND LEGAL CASES………………………………………………………………. 278 M: TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION……………………………………………………………… 283 N: FISHING, HUNTING, MOUNTAINEERING, AND OTHER SPORTS………….. 304 PART II CATALOGUE OF BUCHAN’S UNCOLLECTED JOURNALISM INTRODUCTION This catalogue has been prepared to assist Buchan specialists and other scholars of all levels and interests who are seeking to research his uncollected journalism. It is based on the standard reference work for Buchan scholars, Robert G Blanchard’s The First Editions of John Buchan: A Collector’s Bibliography (1981), which is generally referred to as Blanchard. The catalogue builds on this work -
The Pilgrim's Progress: a Puritan Fiction
PRAISE GOD 321 I pine, I faint with longing for the courts of the Lord's temple; my whole being cries out with joy to the living God ... Happy are those who dwell in thy house; they never cease from praising thee." MICHAEL WALKER. The Pilgrim's Progress: A Puritan Fiction N his history of the English novel, Waiter AlIen opines, with I reference to Bunyan, that when "reality did enter English fiction it came from the least expected of quarters and in the least expected of forms". WaIter AlIen is clearly puzzled by the phenomenon of The Pilgrim's Progress: he concludes it is inexplicable. The books Bunyan read, we are told, "do not matter in the least. Bunyan was a trans cendent genius ... and his work is as original as anything in literature can be": "The kind of work he wrote was completely unheralded". 1 What so surprised and impressed Waiter Allen in The Pilgrim's Progress was its fictional realism, its kinship to the novel. Bunyan, of course, did not think he was writing a novel. He was upon the same evangelical and pastoral business as in those other treatises now being republished by the Clarendon Press as his Miscellaneous Works. The result is that, as a novel, The Pilgrim's Progress is imperfect. An inhibiting and incongruous didacticism will keep destroying the im aginative consistency of the fable and suspending the narrative for long passages of discourse in which all pretence at colloquial dialogue between human characters is abandoned. Biblical warrant is relent lessly adduced for' disturbingly confident and minute theological analyses of human experience. -
Bibliography of A.F. Pollard's Writings
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF A.F. POLLARD'S WRITINGS This bibliography is not quite complete: we omitted mention of very short book reviews, and we have not been able to trace every one of Pollard's contributions to the T.L.S. As to his letters to the Editor of The Times, we only mentioned the ones consulted on behalf of our research. There has been no separate mention of Pollard's essays from the years 1915-1917, collectedly published in The Commonwealth at War (1917). The Jesuits in Poland, Oxford, 1892. D.N.B. vol. 34: Lucas, Ch. (1769-1854); Luckombe, Ph. (d. 1803); Lydiat, Th. (1572-1646). vol. 35: Macdonald, A. (1834-1886); Macdonell, A. (1762-1840); Macegan, O. (d. 1603); Macfarlan, W. (d. 1767); Macha do, R. (d. lSI I?); Mackenzie, W.B. (1806-1870); Maclean, Ch. (1788-1824); Magauran, E. (IS48-IS93); Maguire, H. (d. 1600); Maguire, N. (1460-1512). vol. 36: Manderstown, W. (ISIS-IS40); Mansell, F. (1579-166S); Marshall, W. (d. 153S); Martin, Fr. (1652-1722); Martyn, R. (d. 1483); Mascall,R. (d. 1416); Mason,]. (1503-1566); Mason, R. (1571-1635). Review :].B. Perkins, France under the Regency, London, 1892. E.H.R. 8 (1893), pp. 79 1-793. 'Sir Edward Kelley' in Lives oj Twelve Bad Men, ed. Th. Seccombe, London, 1894, pp. 34-54· BIBLIOGRAPHY OF A.F. POLLARD'S WRITINGS 375 D.N.B. vol. 37: Matcham, G. (1753-1833); Maunsfield, H. (d. 1328); Maurice, Th. (1754-1824); Maxfield, Th. (d. 1616); May, W. (d. 1560); Mayart, S. (d. 1660?); Mayers, W.F. -
The Life of John Bunyan
The Life of John Bunyan Edmund Venables The Project Gutenberg eBook, The Life of John Bunyan, by Edmund Venables This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: The Life of John Bunyan Author: Edmund Venables Release Date: April 21, 2005 [eBook #1037] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE LIFE OF JOHN BUNYAN*** Transcribed from the 1888 Walter Scott edition by David Price, email [email protected] THE LIFE OF JOHN BUNYAN by Edmund Venables, M.A. CHAPTER I. John Bunyan, the author of the book which has probably passed through more editions, had a greater number of readers, and been translated into more languages than any other book in the English tongue, was born in the parish of Elstow, in Bedfordshire, in the latter part of the year 1628, and was baptized in the parish church of the village on the last day of November of that year. The year of John Bunyan's birth was a momentous one both for the nation and for the Church of England. Charles I., by the extorted assent to the Petition of Right, had begun reluctantly to strip himself of the irresponsible authority he had claimed, and had taken the first step in the struggle between King and Parliament which ended in the House of Commons seating itself in the place of the Sovereign. -
The Pilgrim's Progress
THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS i ii JOHN BUNYAN Reformation Press th 160 37 Street Lindenhurst, NY 11757 516.956.0606 [email protected] www.reformationpress.com ISBN 0-9670840-2-4 ©1999 Barry E. Horner All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems without the expressed permission from the publisher in writing, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or critical reviews. For information address the publishers: th Reformation Press 160 37 Street, Lindenhurst, NY 11757 Book Cover Design by Michael Rotolo Manufactured in the United States of America 12345678910 99 00 01 02 03 THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS iii THE Pilgrim’s Progrefs F R O M T H I S W O R L D, T O That which is to come: Delivered under the Similitude of a DREAM Wherein is Difcovered, The manner of his fetting out, His Dangerous Journey, And fafe Arrival at the Defired Countrey. I have ufed Similitudes, Hof. 12:10. By John Bunyan. Licenfed and Entred according to Order. L O N D O N, Printed for Nath. Ponder at the Peacock in the Poultrey near Cornhil, 1678. Original Title Page, First Edition iv JOHN BUNYAN The Sleeping Portrait Engraved by Robert White, it was most likely intended for the first edition of 1678, though withdrawn due to the name ‘Destruction’ being incorrectly titled ‘Vanity’. The above corrected picture was included in the third edition of 1679. -
The Neglected Gospel of John Bunyan
. 2 THE NEGLECTED GOSPEL OF 1 JOHN BUNYAN IN THE PILGRIM’S PROGRESS by Barry E. Horner In hosting seminars on The Pilgrim’s Progress, the second most widely circulated piece of English literature after the English Bible, on several occasions participants have confessed their ignorance or confusion concerning the exact identity of John Bunyan and his writings. For instance some have suggested that The Pilgrim’s Progress was an account of the Pilgrim Fathers’ journey from Europe to America. Other have confused John Bunyan with Paul Bunyan, the American folklore hero! From another perspective, many misunderstandings have arisen today that have led to abysmal ignorance concerning what the English tinker’s most famous allegory really intended to convey. To begin with The Pilgrim’s Progress was not primarily written for children, even though it well adapts to their understanding and love for an adventure story. It certainly was not written for the titivation of academics, particularly University specialists found in history and English departments. Nor was it designed as a simple evangelistic tract, notwithstanding its clear presentation of the biblical gospel. And it was not intended to be a non-doctrinal novel that merely commended abstract ethics. Rather John Bunyan purposed to communicate, in a beguiling manner, four vital biblical truths. First, concerning the saving substitute righteousness of the Lord Jesus Christ obtained through faith alone. Second, the progressive sanctification of the saved sinner. Third, the vital importance of fellowship in an authentic local church under faithful pastoral leadership. Fourth, the incentive that a vision of reaching heaven provides for progressing pilgrims. -
Community and Nation, Socialism and Religion in the English Hymnal, 1906.', Cultural and Social History., 14 (2)
Durham Research Online Deposited in DRO: 22 May 2018 Version of attached le: Published Version Peer-review status of attached le: Peer-reviewed Citation for published item: Palmer Heathman, Katie (2017) 'Lift up a living nation : community and nation, socialism and religion in The English Hymnal, 1906.', Cultural and social history., 14 (2). pp. 183-200. Further information on publisher's website: https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2017.1290995 Publisher's copyright statement: c 2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Additional information: Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Durham University Library, Stockton Road, Durham DH1 3LY, United Kingdom Tel : +44 (0)191 334 3042 | Fax : +44 (0)191 334 2971 https://dro.dur.ac.uk -
Archaeopress Open Access
World Archaeology at the Pitt Rivers Museum: A Characterization edited by Dan Hicks and Alice Stevenson, Archaeopress 2013, page 279-301 13 Oxfordshire Matthew Nicholas and Dan Hicks 13.1 Introduction The Pitt Rivers Museum (PRM) holds c. 3,241 objects from Oxfordshire that are currently defined as archaeological.1 This represents just c. 11% of the archaeological collections from the UK, and just c. 2.4% of the Museum’s world archaeological collections as a whole. However, such is the quantity of British material, and the international distribution of the collections as a whole, that collections from only 10 of the 134 countries represented in the ‘archaeological’ collections are larger than those from Oxfordshire. Thus, even if leaving the ‘ethnographic’ collections aside, the Oxfordshire archaeological material represents a significant element of the Museum’s collections. Some 2,852 (c. 88%) of these objects from Oxfordshire are prehistoric stone tools. Less than half were obtained through excavation, most being recovered through field-walking or collected during gravel extraction, and many more being collected during building works (Figure 13.1). Earlier chapters have considered the UK archaeological collections from the Palaeolithic (Chapter 9), later prehistoric and Romano-British (Chapter 11), and medieval and post-medieval (Chapter 12) periods, and have discussed some of the Oxfordshire material in the process. The point has been made already, especially in Chapter 12, that many of the apparently ‘ethnographic’ objects from England in fact represent significant resources for historical and archaeological studies. This is certainly the case for the PRM’s Oxfordshire collections: the number of medieval and post-medieval objects is significantly under-estimated, since many are currently classified as ‘ethnographic’. -
DOES HISTORY HAVE a FUTURE? an Inquiry Into History As Research
DOES HISTORY HAVE A FUTURE? An Inquiry into History as Research Ronald Alan Sulman Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2008 School of Historical Studies THE UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE Produced on acid-free paper ABSTRACT This thesis explores the question of history’s future as a research discipline in the academy and the question of the discipline’s function in ‘pure’ inquiry. Central to the notion of research is the notion of discovery of new knowledge, but what constitutes new historical knowledge rather than simply more historical information is not clear. As the idea of research (which is understood to mean the discovery and creation of new knowledge) is central to the idea of the modern university, the future of history as a research discipline in the research university would seem to depend on the discipline being clear on its research function. Further complicating resolution of this question is the fact that the funding of research is informed by science and technology paradigms where research is defined as ‘pure basic research’, ‘strategic basic research’, ‘applied research’, and ‘experimental development’. Curiously, what these classifications mean for the humanities generally and history in particular, remains unexamined—despite the fact that professional survival depends on the academic convincing sceptical funders of the relevance of humanist research. Do historians do basic research? If basic research is inquiry at the edge of understanding, how, and by whom, is the edge defined? In the first decades of the University of Berlin—the institution that formed the model for the modern research-university—the edge was defined through philosophy and history.