Tu^g.q.- 7-»g b'SCu^i'on ALL POLITICAL ORGANISATIONS MUST BE UNBANNED

The banning of organisations is the single most important cause of political violence in . When an anti- organisation with thousands of members and supporters is denied any channel for peaceful opposition, it will inevitably take up arms. The majority of South

Africans do not recognise the government's Obs Road, Lr Main 131 at Printed ECC. and MIRGE,NUSAS right to rule, let alone to ban their organisations. The widespread support for banned organisations indicates clearly that there can be no peaceful change until and allowed to take their rightful place in the democratic political life of our country. Without freedom of association there can be no peaceful c'hange.

APARTH5ID MUST BE DISMANTLED Apartheid and the entire system of minority rule is an unjust and illegitimate process, and it is the root cause of all the violence in South Africa. The majority of South Africans have indicated their determination to rid themselves of apartheid, and play a role in determining the future of South Africa. The government has made adjustments to apartheid, but insists on determining South Africa's future on its own terms. The government insists on remaining in power, while the majority of South Africans refuse to acknowledge its right to rule as a minority government. Peaceful change will only be possible when apartheid in its entireity is dismantles, and there is a recognition that the only legitimate government in South Africa is one based on the will of all South Africans established in a single democratic process. AS SOUTH AFRICANS WHOSE DEEPEST WISH IS FOR PEACE AND JUSTICE IN OUR LAND, WE COMMIT OURSELVES TO WORKING TOGETHER TO REALISE THESE PRECONDITIONS. LET US MAKE PEACEFUL CHANGE A REALITY !______Nl is NO WAR IN N AM IBIA South Africa's illegal occupation of DID YOU KNOW?

Namibia • There are over 90 000 SADF troops in . • The Namibian war costs Namibia has been illegally under which people live) among occupied by South Africa since South Africa more than R2 m Africans is one of the highest in every day. 1966 when the United Nations (UN) the world while infant mortality It costs about R1 m to kill ended South Africa's mandate and among whites is one of the lowest. ordered South Africa to withdraw one SWAPO guerilla (SABC The official figure for the current fig u re ). from the territory. International housing shortage in the townships • 10 000 Namibians have died law recognises the United Nations is 380 000, but independent in the war since 1966. This Council for Namibia as the legal research puts the figure at roughly represents 1% of the entire authority, and in turn the UN; three times this amount. The population. recognises the South West African chronicle of poverty is endless, yet • In 1980 PW Botha announed People's Organisation (SWAPO) as South Africa continues to use much that R3 000 had been spent on the sole representative of the needed financial resources on "infrastucture and defence" people. Yet South Africa continues illegally occupying neighbouring to rule by force. De facto Namibia territory. in Namibia. Since then the is occupied by South Africa with figure has increased the northern areas under military substantially. control. the withdrawal ot Cuban troops from neighbouring Angola. At present South Africa is again SWAPO, and initially South Africa, "Only when we are granted accepted UN resolution 435 in engaged in negotiations regarding our independence will the 1978 which detailed the steps that the withdrawal of the South African struggle stop. Only when were required for South Africa to Defence Force (SADF) from our human dignity is withdraw from the territory. Namibian territory. Should South restored to us, as equals of However, South Africa went on to Africa remain intransigent the the whites, will there be kill 700 mostly women and implementation of resolution 435 peace between us. children in the Kassinga raid into and Namibia's independence will "We believe that South Angola and then to hold internal be stalled yet again. Africa has a choice - either elections which did not have the to live at peace with us or to participation of SWAPO and other The cost of maintaining South subdue us by force. If you representative groupings. Africa's illegal occupation is choose to crush us and enormous. Millions of rands are impose your will on us then spent everyday on this war while Pressure continues to be exerted on The people of Namibia should be you will not only betray our South Africa by the international the majority of South Africa's left to conduct free and fair trust, but you will live in community and many attempts have people live under some of the worst elections as outlined in resolution security only as long as been made to force the conditions in the world. The infant 435 while South Africa's soldiers your power is greater than implementation of UN resolution mortality rate (IMR is widely should be performing a truly ours." 435. A stumbling block has always accepted as being an accurate national service which benefits the SWAPO leader been South Africa's insistence on indicator of the social conditions majority of people in this country. Andimba Toiva ja Toiva THE EFFECTS OF WAR

"If we saw a well-built kaffir we'd know he was a terr. If he had soft feet that would prove it beyond doubt, at least if we were out in the bush, because who else wears shoes? Sometimes you could also see marks on his shoulders or his waist from the webbing.

"We'd interrogate him, and if he was stubborn he could have trouble. Maybe we tie him to the front of the Buffel and do a little bundu-bashing. Feel it? Why should I feel it? I wasn't on the front of the Buffel.

"If he's still okay when we get tired of driving around maybe we give him a ratpack (a seven-day food supply, containing corned beef, chocolate bars, ’dog biscuits’ etc.) and tell him to shut up.

"Sometimes they shout and shout and complain and then we have no choice, we have to finish him off. Sometimes he's finished off before we stop driving. Then we just untie him and farewell." (SADF soldier, Frontline August 1985)

Two former South African National Serviceman were sentenced to 22 years and 18 years respectively by the Windhoek Supreme Court for the murder of an Ovambo- speaking civilian, Mr Sebastiaan Lukas, in northern South West Africa.

At about 8 p.m. on February 9 1985 they saw Mr Lukas (40) walking through the sorghum field and took him into custody because they thought his movements had been "suspect".

They ordered Mr Lukas to squat on his haunches, and they stepped five to eight paces away, swung around and opened fire on him with their army issue R4 automatic rifles. (Citizen 29/10/85) Fast for a Just Peace

Today, the 17th of September, is International Day of Peace. It is also the first day of a three week fast by Dr Ivan Toms, prominent Cross­ roads doctor.

Can we celebrate peace when our country is in a state of turmoil, when South Africa is at war with itself?

We should, with Ivan Toms, dedicate ourselves to resolving conflict and working for a just peace. AT SCHOOLS IN ...

A t "w h ite " schools, classes in the Pupils like yourselves have been morning andijport in the afternoon sjamboked, teargassed and shot at remain unaffected by our country's w ith rubber bullets and live conflict. A t "coloured" and ammunition. Now all the "colour­ "black" schools teachers and school ed" schools in the Western Cape pupils have been protesting against have been closed down by the the state of emergency. Their government, leaving many pupils protests have been met by police unsure as to whether they can and army violence. write their matric exam. TROOPS OUT CAMPAIGN

The presence of the SADF in the The ECC has launched a “ TROOPS townships aggravates the state of OUT CAMPAIGN" calling for the conflict in our country. The pres­ withdrawal of the SADF from the ence of the SADF in the townships townships. is a declaration of war against the township residents. Young con­ As an act of personal commitment scripts are forced to participate in to peace. Dr Ivan Toms will fast the township war. The withdrawal in St George's Cathedral from of troops from the townships is an September 17th to October 7th. essential pre-requisite for any Ivan is a conscientious objector serious attempt to find a peaceful and a doctor at the SAC LA Clinic solution to our country's conflicts. in Crossroads. Church leaders and prominent individuals will fast with Ivan throughout the period.

"Fasting has a long political and Christian tradition. Therefore as a Christian conscientious objector and a member of the ECC, I have chosen to fast in order to protest against the oppression of blacks in what is now civil war.

In a situation like this where young men are expected to fire on fellow South Africans, the very least we can call for is that individ­ ual conscripts be given the right to decide not to go into the town­ ships." Dr Ivan Toms What can we do?

You can join the Fast for a Just Peace — October 6-7 for 24 hours.

Visit Ivan in St George's Cathedral from 17th September — 7th October to chat to him.

Come and watch a video in St George's Cathedral on Monday 23rd September at 2.00 pm.

Other "Troops Out Campaign" events:

17 September: 8.00 pm - START OF DR IVAN TOMS FAST ST GEORGE'S CATHEDRAL

22 September: Opening of "Art for Peace" exhibition, Baxter Theatre

7 October: PUBLIC MEETING at CITY HALL to mark end of fast.

For further information phone: .Lois at 417-3152 Alistair at 69-2742

Sebokeng • Soweto Kwanobuhle -Tembisa Duduza New Brighton Galeshewe • Bhongolethu • Joza KwaThema • Guguletu • Langa... TROOPS OUT NOW !

Issued by: E.C.C. 126 Chapel Street, Woodstock, printed by: aUle’a printing service*, college road, greenhaven.

3 Week Fast For A Just Peace The central thrust of the ECC’s “Troop* out of the Townships” campaign, w ill be a 3 week fast for a just peace. Spear­ heading this fast will be Dr Ivan Toms in Cape Town, and Harold Winkler in Johannesburg. They will fast from the 17th of September, International Day of Peace, until the 7th October, the day SADF troops first entered the townships last year. Richard Steele will fast in Durban for 2 weeks from the 22nd September. He is at present in detention If not released before the 22nd, he will fast in jail. At the same time as these fasts are taking place, solidarity relay fasts will take place in St Mary’s Catholic Cathedral in Cape Town, St Augustine’s Catholic Cathedral in Port Elizabeth, Grahamstown Anglican Cathedral and in Stellenbosch. In Durban there is a possibility of 3 people fasting for the two week period at St Anthony’s Church in Greyville. At all the fast venues regular daily activities will take place. The public are Could I continue to serve in the SADF encouraged to participate in these. with war declared on the very people I work with and believe I am called by God to serve? Could I put on the SADF IVAN TOMS uniform - the same uniform that symbolises the oppressors in the Dr Ivan Toms, an active member of the townships? Some people want peace at Cape Town ECC, is a medical doctor any price, I beliew the only peace that is who for the past 5 years has been meaningful is a ju ~t peace - where involved in setting up and working in a apartheid is abolisheo and people can team in the Empilisweni SACLA clinic - a live freely as citizens of a unified Christian primary health care clinic country, with a truly democratically serving the health needs of the 100 000 elected government.’’ people who live in the Crossroads squatter camp. After graduating from Ivan’s views have convinced him to the in 1976 he become a conscientious objector. He is served 2 years in the SADF. While in the liable to serve 3 years in jail if called up SADF Ivan says that he was “able to for further camps. In the meantime Ivan reconcile the Christian injunction to continues his work as a doctoras well as love my enemy and the demand of the being an associate member of staff of the St John's parish, Wynberg. bADF to shoot him, so I applied for, and received, non-combatant status.” Fasting has a long Christian and political tradition” , says Ivan. I have His experiences in Crossroads solidified these feelings. “There,” says Ivan “I chosen to fast in order to protest against the oppression of blacks in what is now a have learned first hand of the civil war.” viciousness of apartheid and the extreme oppresseion of the blacks I He is also concerned with the plight of have witnessed people shot the individual conscript. “The SADF’s indiscriminately by riot police and the marching into the townships amounted £>ADF, people’s shelters ruthlessly torn to a declaration of war on fellow South Africans. It is yet anothet step to uphold apartheid at all costs.” “Fasting is a time-honoured Christian tradition, being used for personal In a situation like this where young men cleansing, and also for a whole nation to are expected to fire on fellow South reflect on its situation, mourn its Africans, the very least we can call for is sinfulness, and petition God for that the individual conscript be given the help. Having grown up in a Christian right to decide not to go into the family I have come to know fasting as an townships.” effective means of purification and protest. Therefore I have chosen this "For the three weeks that I fast in St method of expressing my deep horror at George’s Cathedral, Cape Town, my what is happening in the townships." prayer is that many will recognise, with the ECC, the injustice of the use of "Fasting for three weeks will bring home troops in the townships, and will support to me that I am affected by all that goes the ECC’s call - that troops be withdrawn on around me. The person on top of the from the townships now, and that we Casspir could be my brother, or my work for a just peace in our land.” friend - or me, and the one being sjambokked, teargassed, or shot could “We call people nationally and inter­ be my fellow-student from Wits. I feel nationally to join in a 24 hour fast to that to put myself into such a situation or express solidarity with those who are to support it, would be simply wrong.” suffering at the hands of the SADF in the townships and in so doing call with us “I believe that the fast will also help me for a just peace in South Africa.” personally, to reflect on my faith, and what that means for the situation in this country. Integrating my faith and life in HAROLD WINKLER this way is something I continually work towards, in the Young Christian Students, an ecumenical, non-racial Wits student Harold Winkler, an active student movement." member of ECC in Johannesburg is fasting in support of the ECC’s “Troops He sees his fasting as having a broader Out call. I face the dilemma of going impact. Says Harold, "I hope that the into the townships myself,” he says. “I fast will have effects on a far widergroup was called up for the 13th of January of people. My particular concern is that next year. I do not believe that I can go the churches consider urgently where to the army and remain sincere in my they stand in the growing conflict in understanding of the Christian faith. I South Africa. This fast is my small am therefore objecting to military contribution towards initiating such service on religious grounds." processes, so that one day we may see a just peace in a non-racial, democratic South Africa.”

RICHARD STEELE

Richard Steele is the caretaker and programme coordinator of the Gandhi Phoenix settlement in Durban. He is an active member of the End Conscription Campaign and the Conscientious Objector Support Group. In 1980 he served 12 months in military detention for conscientious objection. During this time he fasted one day a week, and on one occasion for three days to protest repeated periods of solitary confinement. Richard, who describes himself as a “political pacifist, committed to justice and equality through non-violent action” is also involved in facilitating aggression. I see fasting as a conscious non-violent direct action training effort to step out of the spiral of such workshops. stereotyped behaviour," says Richard. He sees his fast as “ a classic non-violent “ I hope that the ECC fast will open up a action in the face of massive violence on space where we can be open in new the part of the military, the state anq ways to ourselves, each other, God, our even between community groups.” environment and our society - 1 feel that this new openness can help us “When our social, political and understand more fully what is emotional environment is in turmoil, we happening in our country and how tend to react in stereotyped patterns, through our actions we can reach outfor usually characterised by fear and and grasp hold of a just peace."

Sebokeng • Soweto Kwanobuhle -Tembisa Duduza-New Brighton Galeshewe • Bhongolethu • Joza KwaThema • Guguletu • Langa TROOPS OUT NOW !

ISSUED BY: ECC, P.O.BOX 208, WOODSTOCK PRINTED BY: ALLIE S PRINTING SERVICES, COLLEGE ftr\ -SREENHAVEN 1987 -While the election campaign builds up, issues of change and national security are foremost on the mindsof the electorate. Meanwhile civil conflict grumbles on, and conscripts are still finding themselves in face-to-face situations in the townships. Are there hopes for peaceful alternatives?

The END CONSCRIPTION CAMPAIGN believes that there ARE peaceful alternatives. We are a broad grouping of religious, pacifist, student and political organisations united around our belief that conscription into the SADF is unnecessary and does not advance just and peaceful alternatives.

The END CONSCRIPTION CAMPAIGN stands for:

• the right of individuals to exercise freedom of conscience, i.e., the right to choose according to one's moral beliefs, and hence the right to choose the manner in which one will serve , one’s country. • the broadening of alternatives available to conscripts. At present only religious pacifists are offered alternatives to military service. ECC stands for the right of conscripts to perform alternative forms of national service. This service should include work for religious and welfare organisations. • the right of conscripts to choose whether or not they wish to perform duty in the townships, without fear of victimization or harassment.

We believe that there are peaceful alternatives to the civil conflict currently being waged in ourcountry. We believe this conflict to be based, in the final instance, on unjust and discriminatory practices that are harmful to the continued prosperity of South Africa. Such conflict can be averted, not by continued militarization, conscription or development of the security forces, but by the dismantling of apartheid, the institution of democracy, and the guarantee of justice. We believe that security depends on justice. As the white electorate prepares to go to the polls, national security and the future of the country are major issues we face. Security cannot be guaranteed by military might - it can only succeed if a just basis for our society is laid down.

WAR IS NOT COMPULSORY - LETS CHOOSE PEACE.

If you are interested in joining the EC C , or finding out more about us, phone ALISTAIR at 47-9170 between 12 noon and 2.00 p.m. Monday to Friday. Is the future of South Africa one of ever increasing violence and conflict?

Are whites being asked to contribute nothing to this future other than to send their sons into the SADF?

The End Conscription Campaign believes there is a role for everybody in Working for a Just Peace,

We have launched an alternative service campaign to demonstrate symb­ olically that there are far more useful ways we could serve our society than by participating in the SADF.

We are organising a variety of community service projects which will serve all communities in a beneficial and constructive way. The projects have been selected in close consultation with the communities concerned so as to determine their real needs. At present young men are conscripted into an army that we believe is mak­ "W orking for a Just Peace" depends on your participation. Volunteers ing a negative contribution to a peaceful future. throughout the country will get involved in these community projects during April. SADF conscripts are seen by township dwellers as soldiers of apartheid. For young white males, compulsory national service very often means Projects in Cape Town include working in the gardens of Childrens Homes facing thes^ fellow South Africans over the barrel of a gun. in Hanover Park and Bridgetown, as well as clearing their campsight at Strandfontein. We will also be clearing up littered and polluted areas around The army and police have come to play a more and more central role in Cape Town, painting wall murals, sewing a portion of the Peace Ribbon defending apartheid in our townships and cities. For the many South and assisting in a project to teach township residents to drive. Africans who want peace and an end to violence, conscription into the SADF poses a very serious dilemma. ECC’s "W orking for a Just Peace" campaign calls lor the provision of genuine alternative service. Service which constructively benefits our ECC is concerned that young men at least be given the right to choose communities and is open to all conscripts who, for moral reasons, feel un­ whether to participate in this army or not. A t present six years alternative able to serve in the SADF. service in a government department may be granted to universal religious pacifists;, those who w ill not fight in any army in any war. For the rest These activities provide us with an opportunity to do something useful their is no choice - six years in jail or a life in exile. and constructive at a time in our strife - torn country when many of us feel so helpless.

CenshrvicKfn Conscription We are trying to show that 'national service' does not mean what it has WORKING FOR A JUST PEACE come to mean in South Africa. National Service means serving the nation, that is all the people in the country.

Through our participation in these community projects we will be showing our active commitment to Working for a Just Peace, ECC will be embarking on the following projects between 2 & 20 April. The projects include :

* Gardening and landscapping at the Bruce Duncan Home for Children * Helping old people * Helping retarded people * Cleaning up polluted rivers & beaches * Painting big colourful murals * Teaching people how to drive

If you are interested in participating either fill in the details below and post to :

ECC No. 1 Rhodesview 435 Main Road Observatory, 7925 or, phone Paula at 47-9170 (between 10am and 2pm) Alastair at 47-7181

Name: ......

Tel. N o.:......

v IhlBlid fcf AiwPrinMng Im tew .Colip i Road. AtWon» by: the End Conscription Campaign. P-O. Box 209 W ood stock Has the army invaded your life ?

Focus Week Conscript ion Action Group Conscripted for Civil Wart

Culture against Conscription Tues7th

Resistance to conscription is more than campus Red Level 12.45 radicals raving off in pamphlets and meetings. South African anti-military culture has been on the move and its about time Red Level caught- up — so come along and get more for your The brown envelope in the post . . . official lunch money than soggy Fedics chips and stamp . . . probably a call up. What does it tomato sauce. mean for our lives?

Pete, Neil and Anton have all, for various reasons, refused to go to the army and the Objectors in focus Wed 8th Anton Eberhart consequences of this decision has been different Pete Hathorn for each of them.

Leslie 2D 12.45 Neil My burg They are appearing on a panel together to Focus Week answer questions about their experiences as conscientious objectors. Anton will also be representing the Advice Bureau on Military Conscription.______

• Conscription foriCivilWar?— Thurs9th Janet Cherry ECC Chair, PE Nic Borain NUSAS HO Yellow Level 12 45 ^aC*etS’ ca^ Up’ Crossroads, camps . . . Civil War? Apartheid inequality is violent and is always backed by the guns of the police and army.

SADF invasions of townships — Sharpeville, Seboking, Uitenhage — clearly show that there can be no peace under apartheid. Conscription Action Group 1 TOWARDS A JUST PEACE MOUR LAND

A Ocdinfwi K> bW Conscription

We In* m an unjust lo o t t y where bint human right* r t

W« fcw in ar iM fu l KJuetv where the bnd and u«am< tn earned by Mm rrv n o r ii^

We bye in a *ocjety ir. a tfate o* &*,t war. *h*rc bro*ho »v called or to fight bnofKcr

\Nt call for an end t» conus-iptxtn

“ r,‘ cr'F*«J * ™ " t i » » * illu jl occupation Narm” ’ “ ** *-*g« ~«r aga>n*t for&gr, counfr»es

fcung mar, ar» con.cr.ptad tv n u t t m the ^pkmanfafion and dtfanc* 0/ apartheid pofiuea

Wung men uiho r*fu»e *» «*rve are faced w.th -Hi. choice of a life rf e»ile or a pm ibie t*» yaar> in pr.»on

^°r an end +0 csnscnption

Hfc belief +h»t the fmanoai OK*- of the war ncreasea ttw (*»»ty of cauntry a«HM rtouid r ^ h o -k . « d ^ H « m h rw B of i a a

We keWvc that the exteneayt of cxmcriphon to coloured and ndian eit.a*n* Mil m oral* canOct md fu r th e r dvidt our courfry WE BtUEVE THAT IT IS THE MORAL RKiHT OF SOUTH AFRICANS TO EXERCISE FREEDOM OF GONSCIENf F AND TO CHOOSE Myr TO S E R V ^N THESADf

H € CALL RJR AN END TD OONSCRiniOM

m C M . LR*A JUST ftA a M OUR LAMP Did you know? • In the second half of 1984 there were 67 attempted suicides in the SADF (and this is Malan’s official figure!).

• There is a maximum penalty of six years for not rendering service to the SADF?

• Approximately one out of every four people failed to report for military service in January this year.

• As a proportion of the white South African population, the number of deaths in Namibia amounts to three times the number of American lives lost in Vietnam. Every year thousands of students are faced with the prospect of spending two years, and then camps, in the South African army. We are living in a society which is becoming increasingly militarised in the defence of apartheid.

At the NUSAS National Congress in December 1983, it was resolved to take up the End Con­ scription Campaign on all NUSAS campuses. At UCT the Conscription Action Group (CAG) was formed last year. CAG aims to increase campus understanding of the role that the SADF plays in South Africa and beyond its 'TO borders. V Anyone interested in finding out more about CAG should contact Paula Hathorn through v- the SRC Desk on the Green Level of the Stud- ~ ents’ Union Building, or at home (47-9272). /

ADVICE 6V)«EAU o h fVMUTARY C0N6CRIPTION If you are worried about your call-up, coM-ac* us for advice Ou\d informahOft wv alttrrvi-hv/s. \ & CAPE TOWN gar bora TMtiUQ $ | fa old M iS iH iS l Anton ARE YOU INTEREST m IN ALTERNATIVES?

flict in our country has touched us all in one way or another. The daily newspapers give us an on-going picture of civil unrest. Many of us feel helpless and insecure about our futures. It is getting harder and harc’er to sit on the fence. We are all faced with important choices.

In such a situation we would like some alt­ ernatives. In fact we are entitled to them. What alternatives can we look for? WORKING JUST PEACE

The End Conscription Campaign is committed to ECC’s central concern is that conscripts should have the solutions to the conflict in our country that do right to choose - the right to decide whether to participate not involve violence or military intervention. We in this army or not. Compulsory conscription gives people no do not agree with compulsory conscription into an choice. army and police force that, at best, plays a contro­ versial role. SERVING THE NATION We believe instead in constructive community service that crosses racial barriers, building bridges to a sec­ We in ECC are not opposed to a genuine national service in the sense of ure future. service to the nation as a whole. When the public come forward in April The ECC is making an active call for viable and beneficial alternatives to nat­ to help paint a children’s home, clean up the environment or plant a wind­ ional service. To this end we have embarked on an ambitious country wide cam­ break in a resettlement area, we will be demonstrating what we mean by a paign called “Working for a Just Peace”. genuine national service. We will also be indicating the manner in which community service projects should be In April of this year, thousands of volunteers uiroughoutjhe country, will set to decided on - in close consultation with the communities concerned. work on constructive community based projects. In Cape Tow n Vit "!l! be Clearing a garden at a children’s home and helping with construction at a community arts In this way our campaign will challenge the government’s definition of ‘national centre. We have planned some environmental projects, cleaning up some partic­ service’, and the manner in which they use the annual conscripted intake. ularly Uttered spots around Cape Town and we are assis­ ting in a project to teach some township resid­ Coyi$bruiJmL»ffy\ &nscrif>tCor> ents driving skills. We are doing these things, not only because they are useful in WE STAND FOR: themselves, but also to demonstrate that national service has In the short term - more than one meaning. * Genuine alternative service open to all con­ scripts who, in good conscience, object to ser­ CONSCRIPTION - A SERIOUS DILEMMA vice in the SADF * Alternative service based in religious and wel­ fare oiganisations Conscription into the SADF is posing a very serious dil­ The length of alternative service to be equal emma for many South Africans. This is not surprising to that of service in the SADF considering the controversy over the SADF’s role In the long term - . . . in the current crisis. Many people argue that the * An end to conscription into the SADF army and police, rather than serving the count­ ry, are used to uphold apartheid.

Collection Number: AG1977

END CONSCRIPTION CAMPAIGN (ECC)

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