Stories of the Gardens
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Introduction 01 Stories of the Gardens Alfred Nicholas Memorial Garden George Tindale Memorial Garden National Rhododendron Garden Pirianda Garden Compiled by David Beardsell Kurume Azaleas, National Rhododendron Garden, Spring 2008 Contents 03 Contents Introduction 05 Alfred Nicholas Memorial Garden 09 George Tindale Memorial Garden 19 Pirianda Garden 27 National Rhododendron Garden 37 Conclusion 45 Alfred Nicholas Garden, c. 2011 Introduction 05 Introduction The Dandenong Ranges, Victoria, was sourced using oral history and original on the doorstep of Melbourne, are references. These provide fascinating insights home to several iconic public gardens into the history, development and the people with outstanding landscapes and involved. Each story is distinctive. botanical features. The Dandenong Ranges, a tranquil, low-level mountain region, is recognised for its cool Families and other enthusiasts established climate by comparison with areas close to the gardens at various times during the Melbourne and north of the Dividing Range. twentieth century. They were sometimes Rainfall is comparatively high at 1000 mm referred to as hill stations because their per year, and the rich acid soils derived from location in the cooler climate of the ancient basalt rock mean that a distinctive Dandenongs enabled the wealthy to range of plants can be grown. escape the summer heat of Melbourne. The eastern slopes are tall open forests The gardens in these stories were dominated by majestic mountain ash and bequeathed to the Victorian Government grey gum trees with a rich understory of from wealthy families and passionate tree ferns, blanket leaf, and pomaderris. horticulturalists. Parks Victoria is now Messmate and Peppermint eucalypts grow the custodian with responsibility for on the more exposed western slopes. their management and maintenance. The traditional Aboriginal owners of the The initiative for documenting the stories Dandenong country are the Wurundjeri of the four gardens was supported by people who were nomadic hunters and a Community Heritage grant. Material gatherers that used the Dandenongs as 06 Introduction Eugene von Guérard Ferntree Gully in the Dandenong Ranges 1857, oil on canvas 92 x 138 cm National Gallery of Australia, Canberra, Gift of Dr Joseph Brown AO OBE 1975 their summer hunting ground. Mount Melbourne. This well-known colonial era Dandenong was called ‘Corrhanwarrabul’, painting of Sherbrooke forest shows all its meaning a beautiful place where birds sang, classic features. kangaroos jumped and lyrebirds performed. Scattered majestic white trunks of mountain The Bunurong people also regularly visited the ash and mountain grey gum trees, slender foothills of the southern Dandenongs to hunt tree ferns and the cool green understory and trade. However the regenerative power provided a picture of peace and harmony. of the tall open forest has mostly covered The painting also featured an elusive lyrebird up the presence of these groups. in the foreground. The fern tree gully image Corhanwarrabul and Dandenong are two of von Guérard was later reinforced by the areas within the ranges, both are derived commercial photography of Nicholas Caire from the Woiwurrung language of the and Charles Nettleton from the 1880s. Wurundjeri people. Popular images of lyrebirds and tree ferns in the Victorian era were probably inspired by European public interest in the beauty of scenes taken from the Dandenong Ranges. the Dandenong Ranges was probably first generated by the famous artist Eugene von From the 1860s, tourists commenced making Guérard when in 1857 he exhibited his day trips to the Ferntree Gully popularised painting “Ferntree Gully in the Dandenong by von Guérard’s famous painting. It was Ranges” to great public acclaim in not until 1907 however that a tourist track was built to Sherbrooke Falls. Introduction 07 Gardens located in the Dandenong Ranges Many exotic trees and shrubs including Gardening enthusiasts from all over the Japanese maples, flowering cherries, world are drawn year round to experience rhododendrons and exotic conifers grow the splendour of both private and public to their full potential in the Dandenongs. gardens in the region. Experience from garden development shows these exotic varieties are easily integrated with the plants of the open forest such as eucalypts and understory tree ferns. Tree ferns and Ginkgo trees around the ornamental lake, c. 2007 Alfred Nicholas Memorial Garden 09 Alfred Nicholas Memorial Garden Most are aware of the pharmaceutical Alfred Nicholas also became involved. His business headed by members of the astute business skills saw the potential that Nicholas family. It was established in stimulated the move to patent Aspro. Australia to manufacture, market and This proved visionary. sell the painkiller known as Aspro, As a consequence of war reparations in 1919, and later expanded to the United Bayer lost the rights to its patent. Billy Hughes, Kingdom. Wealth created, combined Prime Minister of Australia was involved in with Nicholas’ initiative and inspiration international negotiations, one of which was were the drivers that provided the the Bayer patent. Hughes experienced events resources necessary for the design and first hand because federal parliament was construction of the Memorial Garden. based in Melbourne until 1927. International authorities decided to award the patent to The German company Bayer owned the the Nicholas family business operating out patent for aspirin prior to the First World of Melbourne. War. It first synthesised aspirin (salicylic acid) Nicholas established his home in a suburb in 1897 and decided to protect this by a of Melbourne known as Auburn. But from worldwide patent in 1899. Salicylic acid was 1934 to the outbreak of World War II the the active ingredient for pain relief and also residence and gardens at Sherbrooke in helped to cure hangovers. These therapeutic the Dandenong Ranges became a place properties proved to be a gold mine. But of permanent occupation. The family had international availability was seriously an idyllic country lifestyle; tennis, croquet, restricted following the outbreak of horse riding and swimming were on their World War I. doorstep. In addition, they had their own The Nicholas family became involved because healthy fresh farm produce and were Alfred’s brother George was a pharmacist. surrounded by a horticultural and bush In 1915, George with Harry Shmith, also a land paradise. pharmacist, demonstrated the process for synthesis and packaging of salicylic acid. Alfred Nicholas 10 Memorial Garden Establishment of alternative residences in December 1938, provide an excellent in the Dandenong Ranges became record of the original design of the house, fashionable. Among the rich and famous surrounding gardens and the estate. who did this was Australian Prime Minister They illustrate the close links between Billy Hughes, who owned property in the house and gardens. Sassafras from 1917. Also the Griffith brothers of the well-known tea empire The area of the present day Alfred Nicholas established property in the Dandenongs Memorial Garden was originally opened from the late 1890s. up as selectors blocks in 1893 to give poor people access to land following the Great The Alfred Nicholas Memorial Garden is one Depression of the early 1890s. Like many of Australia’s premier cool climate gardens. Its government land settlement schemes they terraced rockery, blend of natural forest, rare were uneconomic due to their small area exotic plants and the tranquil ornamental lake (10 acres), the steepness of the land and make it an essential horticultural experience. maintenance problems caused by constant regeneration of weeds and native plants. Design and planning began in the late 1920s. Feature articles on Burnham Beeches After 1900, some blocks were consolidated and the Nicholas Sherbrooke estate were into larger holdings. In 1929, the Nicholas published in the March 1934 and 1935 family company, Carnbrea Investments, editions of Australian Home Beautiful. bought 30 acres from James Storrie, These, together with one on Maurice who owned Kelway, one of the early Nicholas’ neighbouring home Strathalbyn guesthouses in the Dandenongs. The newly constructed lake and islands, c. 1939. Extract from The Australian Home Beautiful Magazine, 1 March 1935 Alfred Nicholas 12 Memorial Garden By 1934, Carnbrea’s portfolio had increased from the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew. to 16 crown allotments comprising 130 acres, This proved to be a lasting relationship more than enough for a country retreat and because Trevaskis was employed from 1929 a permanent place of residence. to 1936 to design the Nicholas Garden. He suggested the name ‘Burnham Beeches’, The Nicholas estate had only a little remnant which was an ancient forest near the Aspro vegetation following the clearing by the factory at Slough in the United Kingdom. original settlers and owners from the late Beech trees later became a dominant part 1890s. There were some mountain grey of the Nicholas Garden. Trevaskis researched gums, mountain ash, soft tree ferns, rockery designs and searched for sources blackwood and silver wattles. Alfred Nicholas of plants for the proposed Nicholas Garden decided to preserve most of it. before his departure for Australia. In the late 1920s, Alfred hired Hugh Linaker Alfred Nicholas had employed two high as a gardener/designer to work on his Auburn level garden designers that ensured his property. Linaker had designed The Shrine country