Blangkon Dan Kaum Pria Jawa

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Blangkon Dan Kaum Pria Jawa Jurnal Seni Budaya BLANGKON DAN KAUM PRIA JAWA Anugrah Cisara Seni Rupa Murni, Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain Universitas Sebelas Maret Jl. Ir. Sutami No. 36A Kentingan, Jebres, Surakarta, 57126 Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Blangkon pola Surakarta dan Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu tutup kepala bagi kaum pria Jawa, yang memiliki makna yang mendalam, baik itu makna keindahan maupun makna kepribadian, bentuk blangkon Surakarta dan Yogyakarta memang memiliki perbedaaan, akan tetapi dibalik semuanya itu ada persamaan makna dimana bentuk dan pola blangkon yang indah dapat menunjukkan kewibawaan seorang pria, adapun kewibawaan tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkah laku pemakainya yang sesuai dengan etika di tengah masyarakat. Kata kunci: blangkon pola Surakarta dan Yogyakarta, makna. ABSTRACT Surakarta and Yogyakarta pattern of blangkon is one of the headgears for Javanese men, which has deep meaning, both the meaning of beauty as well as personality. Surakarta and Yogyakarta blangkon have different forms but behind the difference there are similar meanings in which the beautiful form and pattern of blangkon represent the authority of a man. The authority, then, will affect the behavior of the wearer in accordance to the ethics in the community. Keywords: Surakarta and Yogyakarta pattern of blangkon, meaning. A. Pengantar arti penting, sehingga pelindung kepala lelaki sebagai penutup tubuh yang amat diutamakan, sehingga Sejak zaman pra sejarah, manusia indonesia masyarakat Jawa kuno menggunakan Blangkon sudah beradaptasi salah satunya dengan pakaian, sebagai pakaian keseharian dan dapat dikatakan sebagai pelindung badan dari panas, dingin, gangguan pakaian wajib (Soegeng Toekio,1980/1981: 27). serangga, dan benda tajam. Pakaian mempunyai Dulu blangkon bernama Iket, iket wujud dan fungsi keindahan dan juga melindungi bagian-bagian kegunaannya sama dengan blangkon, akan tetapi tertentu dan pakaian dapat memberikan kenyamanan. masih berwujud kain motif batik tertentu, dan cara Disamping itu pada zaman sekarang ini pakaian juga menggunakannya dililit dan di bentuk sedemikian rupa. menunjukkan identitas, kedudukan seseorang. Bagi Menurut perkembangan nya blangkon menjadi simbol orang Jawa salah satu kelengkapan berbusana adalah bagi kaum pria Jawa, dibalik bentuknya yang sederhana tutup kepala atau Blangkon. blangkon memiliki makna yang cukup tinggi, makna Blangkon adalah tutup kepala yang dibuat keindahan dari blangkon dapat dilihat dari motif dan dari batik dan digunakan oleh kaum pria sebagai bentuk dari blangkon itu sendiri, makna etika juga kelengkapan dari pakaian tradisional Jawa. Selain dapat dilihat dari keseharian Kepribadian masyarakat sebagai pelindung terhadap sinar matahari Blangkon Jawa juga mempunyai fungsi sosial yang menunjukkan Pada era modernisasi sekarang ini banyak martabat atau kedudukan sosial bagi pemiliknya. budaya, adat, dan ssegala sesuatunya masuk ke Sebagian besar masyarakat Jawa menjadikan tanah Jawa, sehingga memberikan dampak terhadap Blangkon sebagai simbol atau ciri khas dan konon kebiasaan, pola pikir, dan lain sebaginya, sehingga dulunya digunakan sebagai pembeda antara kaum tidak bisa dipungkiri lagi terjadinya sedikit pergesekan ningrat Kraton dengan masyarakat jelata yang hanya budaya, dan itupun tidak dapat dihindari. Blangkon memakai Iket sebagai penutup kepala. Masyarakat adalah salah satu yang terkena dampaknya, dimana Jawa beranggapan bahwa kepala lelaki mempunyai yang awalnya blangkon merupakan simbol 164 Volume 16 Nomor 2, Desember 2018 Anugrah Cisara: Blangkon dan Kaum Pria Jawa kebanggaan dari kaum pria Jawa, tergeser oleh produk Tentang keindahan, kesabaran, dan ketelitian produk barat yang sangat cepat berkembang, itu, Ranggajati Sugiyatno, pakar blangkon di Solo sehingga jarang terlihat kaum pria Jawa memakai mencontohkan, sebuah blangkon yang bagus bias blangkon. memiliki 14 hingga 17 wiru (lipatan) yang rapi di kanan- kiri. Tanpa kesabaran dan ketelitian yang besar, sangat B. Pembahasan mustahil blangkon tersebut bisa diselesaikan. Keindahan blangkon juga bias dilihat dari kain batik Blangkon berasal dari kata blangko yang selebar 105cm x 105cm sebagai bahan dasar berarti mencetak kosong, adalah suatu nama yang blangkon. diberikan pada jenis-jenis iket yang telah dicetak Tidak ada catatan sejarah yang pasti akan (soegeng T,1980/1981 : 113) blangkon adalah kain asal muasal orang Jawa memakai iket sebagai yang berbentuk rapi sebagai kopiah; ketu; udeng; penutup kepala. Iket telah tersebut dalam legenda Aji bendo; destar. Blangkon merupakan penutup kepala Saka, pencipta tahun Saka atau tahun Jawa, sekitar yang terbuat dari batik digunakan oleh kaum pria 20 abad yang lalu dimana Aji Saka berhasil sebagai kelengkapan pakaian tradisional jawa. mengalahkan Dewata Cengkar hanya dengan Blangkon awalnya bernama iket, iket mempunyai menggelar kain penutup kepala yang kemudian dapat wujud, guna, dan manfaat yang sama dengan menutupi seluruh tanah Jawa. Selain itu, ada cerita- blangkon. Iket terbuat dari kain iket atau udeng cerita bahwa iket adalah pengaruh budaya Hindu dan berbentuk persegi empat bujur sangkar, berukuran Islam. Para pedagang dari Gujarat yang keturunan Arab kurang lebih 105 cm x 105 cm. Kain yang kemudian selalu mengenakan sorban, kain panjang yang dilipat dua menjadi segitiga dan kemudian dililitkan di dililitkan di kepala, yang kemudian menginspirasi kepala dan dibentuk sedemikian rupa. Mengenakan orang Jawa memakai ikat kepala seperti mereka. Cerita iket ternyata tidak mudah dan memakan waktu, namun lain mengatakan, di satu waktu akibat peperangan kain seiring dengan kemajuan pemikiran dan seni untuk menjadi barang yang sulit didapat sehingga petinggi membuat penutup kepala yang lebih praktis, Seorang keraton meminta seniman untuk menciptakan ikat ahli kebudayaan bernama Becker yang meneliti tata kepala yang lebih efisien yaitu blangkon. cara pembuatan blangkon mengatakan, “That an Orang jawa tempo dulu menggunakan penutup object is useful, that it required virtuoso skill to make kepala berupa blangkon, karena pada saat itu mereka – neither of these precludes it from also thought beatiful. menganggap bahwa dalam berpakaian adat jawa akan Some craft generate from within their own tradition a lebih terlihat pantas dan lebih berwibawa apabila pada feeling for beauty and with it appropriete aesthetic bagian kepala menggunakan sebuah penutup kepala standards and common of taste”. Pada jaman dahulu, yaitu blangkon, memakai Blangkon membuat pria lebih blankon memang hanya dibuat oleh para seniman berwibawa dan orang yang melihatpun akan mersa yang ahli dengan pakem (aturan) tentang iket. senang. Semakin memenuhi pakem yang ditetapkan, maka Pada perkembangannya, blangkon yang blangkon tersebut akan semakin tinggi nilainya. awalnya menjadi pelindung kepala yang mempunyai Adupun tujuan dibuatnya blangkon pola solo maupun nilai filosofis, tinggi bagi orang Jawa, kepala, rambut yogyakarta adalah sebagai: dan wajah adalah mahkota, bagian yang terpenting - pelindung kepala, blangkon dipasang dikepala dan dan terhormat dari tubuh manusia. Kebanyakan digunakan oleh kaum pria jawa sebagai pelindung orang Jawa dahulu memanjangkan rambutnya namun dari sinar matahari, dan hujan tidak membiarkannya tergerai acak-acakan begitu - blangkon sebagai kelengkapan pakaian tradisional saja. Rambut biasanya digelung atau diikat dengan jawa ikatan kain, yang saat ujung ikatan kain tersebut diikat - blangkon sebagai wujud keindahan, bentuk dan dibelakang kepala bermakna filosofis berupa motif blangkon merupakan kesatuan ida yang peringatan untuk mampu mengendalikan diri. Pria dikeluarkan oleh orang jawa dan kemudian Jawa jaman dahulu hanya membiarkan rambutnya disalurkan kedalam suatu proses sehingga tergerai hanya saat berada di rumah atau dalam sebuah menciptakan benda pakai yang dikehendaki dan konflik, misal perang atau berkelahi. Membuka ujung memiliki nilai keindahan bagi pemakainya (ibid., ikatan kain di belakang kepala (atau membuka tutup hlm 12) “Dalam blangkon itu terksimpan nilai-nilai kepala) yang berakibat tergerainya rambut adalah kehidupan sehari-hari seperti keindahan, bentuk terakhir luapan emosi yang tak tertahan. Jadi ketekunan, ketelitian, dan kesabaran. Volume 16 Nomor 2, Desember 2018 165 Jurnal Seni Budaya iket atau blangkon adalah perwujudan pengendalian diri. Saat agama Islam masuk ke tanah Jawa, blankon dikaitkan dengan nilai transedental. Di bagian belakang blangkon pasti ada 2 ujung kain yang terikat, yang satu ujung kain merupakan simbol dari syahadat Tauhid dan satu ujung lain adalah syahadat Rasul dan terikat menjadi satu bermakna menjadi syahadatain. Setelah terikat, kemudian dipakai di kepala, di bagian yang bagi orang Jawa adalah bagian terhormat, artinya syahadat harus ditempatkan paling atas. Pemikiran Gambar 1. Blangkon Solo apapun yang keluar dari kepala harus dilingkupi oleh Sumber ; https://pusakadunia.com/blangkon- sendi-sendi Islam. keraton-solo/ Secara umum, terdapat jenis blangkon, yaitu yang mempunyai mondolan yang berarti tonjolan dan · Gaya Yogya, dapat dibedakan jenis lagi trepes yang berarti rata. Pada awal iket dipergunakan menurut wironnya, yakni mataraman dan iket sebagai tutup kepala, banyak pria Jawa yang berambut krepyak. panjang sehingga harus digelung terlebih dahulu sebelum ditutup dengan iket. Gelung rambut ini lah yang kemudian mondol, menonjol, dan disembunyikan dibawah iket. Rambut dalam nilai filosofi orang Jawa yang sudah disebutkan diatas adalah representasi perasaan. Rambut dibawah iket adalah perasaan yang disembunyikan,
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