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Shell Morphology, Radula and Genital Structures of New Invasive Giant African Land
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.16.877977; this version posted December 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Shell Morphology, Radula and Genital Structures of New Invasive Giant African Land 2 Snail Species, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822,Achatina albopicta E.A. Smith (1878) and 3 Achatina reticulata Pfeiffer 1845 (Gastropoda:Achatinidae) in Southwest Nigeria 4 5 6 7 8 9 Alexander B. Odaibo1 and Suraj O. Olayinka2 10 11 1,2Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 12 13 Corresponding author: Alexander B. Odaibo 14 E.mail :[email protected] (AB) 15 16 17 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.16.877977; this version posted December 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 19 Abstract 20 The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the shell, radula and genital 21 structures of 3 new invasive species, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822,Achatina albopicta E.A. 22 Smith (1878) and Achatina reticulata Pfeiffer, 1845 collected from southwestern Nigeria and to 23 determine features that would be of importance in the identification of these invasive species in 24 Nigeria. -
ICRC Duty of Care: Elements of Definition
ICRC Duty of Care: elements of definition Definition “Duty of care” (DoC) is a legal concept that comes from common law and can be defined as a legal obligation requiring adherence to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others. Another definition of DoC would be a legal obligation to act towards others with prudence and vigilance in order to prevent any risk of foreseeable damage. The (legal) consequence of a breach of such a duty is a legal liability imposed upon the author (of the breach) to compensate the victim for any losses they incur. DoC entails an obligation of means (obligation de moyens) as opposed to an obligation of result (obligation de résultat). This means that the author must take all appropriate measures and behave in an appropriate way in order to avoid causing harm to third parties. This being said, the fact that harm is done does not necessarily mean that the duty of care was breached (or, in other words that the author was negligent), as certain events are beyond the control of the author (because they were unforeseeable or unavoidable despite proper care being taken). The ICRC’s DoC obligations towards the defined population hence depend on the nature of the relationship between the ICRC and the concerned population (employees, accompanying dependents, Movement partners, external contractual partners) and the relevant (legal and contractual) provisions applicable to such relationship. Content The actual measure, scope or content of the “care” that is required in each situation depends primarily on two factors: (i) the relationship between the parties and (ii) the applicable law. -
Bibliography
Bibliography Many books were read and researched in the compilation of Binford, L. R, 1983, Working at Archaeology. Academic Press, The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology: New York. Binford, L. R, and Binford, S. R (eds.), 1968, New Perspectives in American Museum of Natural History, 1993, The First Humans. Archaeology. Aldine, Chicago. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Braidwood, R 1.,1960, Archaeologists and What They Do. Franklin American Museum of Natural History, 1993, People of the Stone Watts, New York. Age. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Branigan, Keith (ed.), 1982, The Atlas ofArchaeology. St. Martin's, American Museum of Natural History, 1994, New World and Pacific New York. Civilizations. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Bray, w., and Tump, D., 1972, Penguin Dictionary ofArchaeology. American Museum of Natural History, 1994, Old World Civiliza Penguin, New York. tions. HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco. Brennan, L., 1973, Beginner's Guide to Archaeology. Stackpole Ashmore, w., and Sharer, R. J., 1988, Discovering Our Past: A Brief Books, Harrisburg, PA. Introduction to Archaeology. Mayfield, Mountain View, CA. Broderick, M., and Morton, A. A., 1924, A Concise Dictionary of Atkinson, R J. C., 1985, Field Archaeology, 2d ed. Hyperion, New Egyptian Archaeology. Ares Publishers, Chicago. York. Brothwell, D., 1963, Digging Up Bones: The Excavation, Treatment Bacon, E. (ed.), 1976, The Great Archaeologists. Bobbs-Merrill, and Study ofHuman Skeletal Remains. British Museum, London. New York. Brothwell, D., and Higgs, E. (eds.), 1969, Science in Archaeology, Bahn, P., 1993, Collins Dictionary of Archaeology. ABC-CLIO, 2d ed. Thames and Hudson, London. Santa Barbara, CA. Budge, E. A. Wallis, 1929, The Rosetta Stone. Dover, New York. Bahn, P. -
FY 2006 from the Dod Iraq Freedom Fund Account To: Reimburse Foreign Governments and Train Foreign Government Military A
06-F-00001 B., Brian - 9/26/2005 10/18/2005 Request all documents pertaining to the Cetacean Intelligence Mission. 06-F-00002 Poore, Jesse - 9/29/2005 11/9/2005 Requesting for documents detailing the total amount of military ordanence expended in other countries between the years of 1970 and 2005. 06-F-00003 Allen, W. - 9/27/2005 - Requesting the signed or unsigned document prepared for the signature of the Chairman, JCS, that requires the members of the armed forces to provide and tell the where abouts of the most wanted Ben Laden. Document 06-F-00004 Ravenscroft, Michele - 9/16/2005 10/6/2005 Request the contracts that have been awarded in the past 3 months to companies with 5000 employees or less. 06-F-00005 Elia, Jacob - 9/29/2005 10/6/2005 Letter is Illegable. 06-F-00006 Boyle Johnston, Amy - 9/28/2005 10/4/2005 Request all documents relating to a Pentagon "Politico-Military" # I- 62. 06-F-00007 Ching, Jennifer Gibbons, Del Deo, Dolan, 10/3/2005 - Referral of documents responsive to ACLU litigation. DIA has referred 21 documents Griffinger & Vecchinone which contain information related to the iraqi Survey Group. Review and return documents to DIA. 06-F-00008 Ching, Jennifer Gibbons, Del Deo, Dolan, 10/3/2005 - Referral of documents responsive to ACLU litigation. DIA has referred three documents: Griffinger & Vecchinone V=322, V=323, V=355, for review and response back to DIA. 06-F-00009 Ravnitzky, Michael - 9/30/2005 10/17/2005 NRO has identified two additional records responsive to a FOIA appeal from Michael Ravnitzky. -
2009/2010 Insurance Handbook Australian Underwater Federation
‘Private and Confidential’ 2009/2010 Insurance Handbook Australian Underwater Federation Inc. for the period 1st July 2009 to 1 st July 2010 Prepared by: OAMPS Insurance Brokers Ltd Level 2, 8 Gardner Close, Milton, QLD 4064 GPO Box 1113, Brisbane, QLD 4001 Phone: (07) 3367 5000 Fax: (07) 3367 5100 OAMPS Insurance Brokers Ltd ABN 34 005 543 920 Level 2, 8 Gardner Close, Milton QLD 4064 GPO Box 1113 Brisbane QLD 4001 T (07) 3367 5160 F (07) 3367 5100 E [email protected] W www.oamps.com.au Members & Affiliates Australian Underwater Federation Inc. and Affiliated Bodies We have pleasure in enclosing details of the AUF National Insurance Program for the 2009/2010 policy period. It is essential that each Club Executive advise all Members, Officials and Volunteers associated with them of this minimum level of Insurance cover. It must be clearly understood that after being informed of the level of cover taken out, it is an individual’s responsibility to ensure that he/she has adequate Insurance cover for his/her needs. In addition to these policies all players and officials may, and are encouraged to take out private health and income protection insurance. The 2009/2010 program benefits are outlined in detail in this Handbook. OAMPS Insurance Brokers services include professional advice on the complete range of general insurance products, we welcome the opportunity to assist you with all your insurance needs. Kind Regards Mathew Lethborg Senior Portfolio Manager OAMPS Insurance Brokers Ltd ABN 34 005 543 920 Level 2, 8 Gardner Close, Milton, Qld., 4064 Phone: (07) 3367 5145 Fax: (07) 3367 5100 Mobile: 0409 852 838 Email: [email protected] Web: www.oamps.com.au Page 1 Summary of Covers Cover under the Program consists of the following: 1. -
Monitoring the Duty to Monitor
Corporate Governance WWW. NYLJ.COM MONDAY, NOVEMBER 28, 2011 Monitoring the Duty to Monitor statements. As a result, the stock prices of Chinese by an actual intent to do harm” or an “intentional BY LOUIS J. BEVILACQUA listed companies have collapsed. Do directors dereliction of duty, [and] a conscious disregard have a duty to monitor and react to trends that for one’s responsibilities.”9 Examples of conduct HE SIGNIFICANT LOSSES suffered by inves- raise obvious concerns that are industry “red amounting to bad faith include “where the fidu- tors during the recent financial crisis have flags,” but not specific to the individual company? ciary intentionally acts with a purpose other than again left many shareholders clamoring to T And if so, what is the appropriate penalty for the that of advancing the best interests of the corpo- find someone responsible. Where were the direc- board’s failure to act? “Sine poena nulla lex.” (“No ration, where the fiduciary acts with the intent tors who were supposed to be watching over the law without punishment.”).3 to violate applicable positive law, or where the company? What did they know? What should they fiduciary intentionally fails to act in the face of have known? Fiduciary Duties Generally a known duty to act, demonstrating a conscious Obviously, directors should not be liable for The duty to monitor arose out of the general disregard for his duties.”10 losses resulting from changes in general economic fiduciary duties of directors. Under Delaware law, Absent a conflict of interest, claims of breaches conditions, but what about the boards of mort- directors have fiduciary duties to the corporation of duty of care by a board are subject to the judicial gage companies and financial institutions that and its stockholders that include the duty of care review standard known as the “business judgment had a business model tied to market risk. -
Darling Marine Center Local Shore Diving Guide
Darling Marine Center Local Shore Diving Guide University of Maine Scientific Diving Program Table of Contents Recommended Equipment List……………………………………………………………..2 Local Information…………………………………………………………………………...3 Recompression Chambers…………………………………………………………………..3 General Emergency Action Plan…………………………………………………………….3-4 Documentation……………………………………………………………………………….4 Dive Sites DMC Pier……………………………………………………………………………5-6 Kresge Point………………………………………………………………………….7-8 Lowes Cove Mooring Field…………………………………………………………..9-10 Pemaquid Point……………………………………………………………………….11-12 Rachel Carson Preserve………………………………………………………………13-15 Sand Cove…………………………………………………………………………….16-17 Thread of life…………………………………………………………………………18-19 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………20 1 Recommended Equipment List • Dive flag • DAN oxygen and first aid kit • Spare tank • Extra weights • Save-a-dive kit • Dive slate/underwater paper (recording purposes) Recommended Personal Equipment • Exposure suit- minimum7mm wetsuit o Booties o Gloves o Hood o Wool socks • Fins • BCD • Mask, Snorkel • Weights • Surface marker buoy • Dive watch • Dive computer • Knife/cutting tool 2 Local Information: Fire, Medical, Police 911 Emergency Dispatch Lincoln County Emergency (207)563-3200 Center Nearest Hospital Lincoln Health-Miles (207)563-1234 Campus USCG Boothbay (207)633-2661 Divers Alert Network Emergency hotline 1-919-684-9111 Medical information 1-919-684-2948 Diving Safety Officer Christopher Rigaud (207)563-8273 Recompression Chambers: In the event of a diving accident, call 911 and facilitate transport of victim to a hospital or medical facility. The medical staff will determine whether hyperbaric treatment is needed. St. Mary’s Regional Lewiston, ME (207)777-8331 Will NOT accept Medical Center divers after 4:30pm St. Joseph’s Hospital Bangor, ME (207)262-1550 Typically, available after hours Wound and Beverly, MA (978)921-1210 Hyperbaric Medicine Basic Emergency Information: See Appendix for the approved Emergency Action Plan by the UMaine DCB. -
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Masters of Advanced Studies Capstone Report
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation Masters of Advanced Studies Capstone Report Tracing The Hunter: Estimating the Abundance of Vulnerable Shark Species in Wakatobi, Indonesia by: Ahmad Hafizh Adyas June 9, 2014 Capstone Advisory Committee Stuart Sandin (Chair), Phaedra Doukakis-Leslie, Imam Musthofa Zainudin, Brian Zgliczynski Introduction Sharks belong to the taxonomic class Chondrichthyes, or cartilaginous fishes. Even though the majority of chondrichthyans live in the sea, their distribution still covers a wide range of habitats, including freshwater riverine & lake systems, inshore estuaries & lagoons, and coastal waters out to the open sea (Cailliet et. al, 2005). Most species have a relatively restricted geographic distribution, occurring mainly along continental shelves and slopes and around islands and continents, with some smaller species being endemic to isolated regions or confined to narrow depth ranges. However, other species are distributed more broadly, having biogeographic ranges spanning ocean basins. Only a relatively small number of species are known to be genuinely wide ranging. The best studied of these are the large pelagic species, which make extensive migrations across ocean basins. Most of the chondrichthyans are predators; however, some are also scavengers and some of the largest (whale, basking and megamouth sharks and manta rays) filter feed on plankton and small fish. However, none of these fishes are herbivorous. The predatory sharks are at, or near, the top of marine food chains (Cailliet et. al, 2005). Therefore, most shark populations are relatively small compared to those of most teleost fishes. Most shark species are opportunistic and consume a variety of food from small benthic animals such as polychaetes, molluscs, fishes and crustaceans to prey such as marine mammals including seals and cetaceans (Fowler et. -
Preventing Breathing- Gas Contamination
RESEARCH, EDUCATION & MEDICINE // SAFETY 101 Preventing Breathing- STEPHEN FRINK Gas Contamination BY BRITTANY TROUT ncidents involving bad breathing gas — be it Recommendations for Compressor Operators air, nitrox, trimix or another mixture — are Compressor operators can help prevent gas rare, yet they do occur. Health effects on divers contamination and mitigate the risk of dive accidents vary depending on the contaminant breathed. in several ways. Among the most severe symptoms of breathing Attentive compressor maintenance. Proper contaminated gas are impaired judgment and loss of compressor maintenance helps ensure breathing-gas consciousness, both of which may be deadly underwater. quality as well as extends the life of the compressor. ISources of contamination include hydrocarbons Breathing-gas contamination is less likely in well- from compressor lubricants, carbon monoxide (CO) maintained and properly functioning compressors. from engine exhaust (or overheated compressor oil) If maintenance is neglected and the compressor and impurities from the surrounding environment such overheats, the lubricating oil may break down and as methane and carbon dioxide (CO2). Dust particles produce CO and other noxious byproducts. in breathing gas can also be hazardous, potentially Effective procedures. A fill checklist can help ensure impairing respiratory function or damaging diving safety procedures are remembered when cylinders equipment. Excessive moisture can cause corrosion are filled. Before starting to fill tanks, the operator in scuba cylinders and other dive gear and may cause should inspect the compressor’s filters for damage regulators to freeze due to adiabatic cooling (heat loss and note the presence of contaminants such as subsequent to increased gas volume). cigarette smoke, paint fumes or engine exhaust near the intake. -
Spearfishing in Great Barrier Reef Marine Park
· Great • Reef Marine Park Authoiity LAw Bu • Issue Number 18 SPEARFISHING IN GREAT BARRIER REEF MARINE PARK Where am I allowed to spearfish? Seasonal Closure Areas You may spearfish in all gerieral use zones in the Seasonal Closure Areas are areas closed to all access Marine Park, and in all non-zoned sections of the during the breeding or nesting periods of birds or Marine Park. You should note that some Queensland other marine life. The closure of these areas is waters are closed to spearfishing - there are details advertised. of those areas in the Queensland Harbours ahd What equipment can I use? Marine Tide Tables. You may only spearfish using a snorkel and a hand Where am I NOT allowed to spearfish? spear or speargun. You may not use any other You may not spearfish in Marine National Park 'A', underwater breathing equipment (such as scuba or Marine National Park Buffer and Marine National hookah) and you may only use a powerhead for Park 'B' Zones, nor in Scientific Research or protection against a shark attack. Preservation Zones. You also may not spearfish in areas where periodic restrictions are in operation. Can I sell fish I spear? These areas may be Replenishment Areas, Reef Spearfishing for the purpose of sale or trade is not Appreciation Areas, Reef Research Areas or Seasonal allowed in the Marine Park, with one exception, in Closure Areas. the Far Northern Section of the Marine Park it is permitted to spear crayfish for purposes of sale or Replenishment Areas trade (you can also use scuba or hookah in this A Replenishment Area is an area closed for a circumstance - but only for crayfish). -
California Regulatory Notice Register 2008, Volume No. 26-Z
ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER, GOVERNOR OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REGISTER 2008, NO. 27–Z PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JULY 4, 2008 PROPOSED ACTION ON REGULATIONS TITLE 2. FAIR POLITICAL PRACTICES COMMISSION Conflict of Interest Code — Notice File No. Z2008–0618–01 . 1123 STATE AGENCY: Office of Information Security and Privacy Protection MULTI COUNTY: Desert Community College District Lowell Joint School District TITLE 2. FAIR POLITICAL PRACTICES COMMISSION Conflict of Interest Code — Notice File No. Z2008–0623–02 . 1124 Tulare County Office of Education TITLE 3. DEPARTMENT OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE Light Brown Apple Moth Interior Quarantine — Notice File No. Z2008–0623–04 . 1125 TITLE 3. DEPARTMENT OF PESTICIDE REGULATION Notification & Application—Specific Information — Notice File No. Z2008–0624–05 . 1127 TITLE 8. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS BOARD General Industry Safety Orders — Aerosol Transmissible Diseases — Zoonotics — Notice File No. Z2008–0624–09 . 1129 TITLE 9. DEPARTMENT OF REHABILITATION Accreditation of Community Rehabilitation Programs — Notice File No. Z2008–0623–01 . 1151 TITLE 11. PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING Child Safety When a Caretaker Parent or Guardian is Arrested — Notice File No. Z2008–0624–11 . 1155 TITLE 11. PEACE OFFICER STANDARDS AND TRAINING Training and Testing Specifications — DA Invest — Notice File No. Z2008–0624–10 . 1156 TITLE 15. DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND REHABILITATION Division of Audit Parole Operations Revisions — Notice File No. Z2008–0619–01 . 1158 (Continued on next page) Time- Dated Material GENERAL PUBLIC INTEREST DEPARTMENT OF FAIR EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSING List of Prospective Contractors Ineligible to Enter Into State Contracts . 1161 DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME CESA Consistency Determination Request for San Pablo Dam Seismic Upgrade Project, Contra Costa County . -
Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda) from the Northeastern Pacific
Zoologica Scripta, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 35-49, 1996 Pergamon Elsevier Science Ltd © 1996 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved 0300-3256(95)00015-1 0300-3256/96 $ 15.00 + 0.00 Anatomy and systematics of bathyphytophilid limpets (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda) from the northeastern Pacific GERHARD HASZPRUNAR and JAMES H. McLEAN Accepted 28 September 1995 Haszprunar, G. & McLean, J. H. 1995. Anatomy and systematics of bathyphytophilid limpets (Mollusca, Archaeogastropoda) from the northeastern Pacific.—Zool. Scr. 25: 35^9. Bathyphytophilus diegensis sp. n. is described on basis of shell and radula characters. The radula of another species of Bathyphytophilus is illustrated, but the species is not described since the shell is unknown. Both species feed on detached blades of the surfgrass Phyllospadix carried by turbidity currents into continental slope depths in the San Diego Trough. The anatomy of B. diegensis was investigated by means of semithin serial sectioning and graphic reconstruction. The shell is limpet like; the protoconch resembles that of pseudococculinids and other lepetelloids. The radula is a distinctive, highly modified rhipidoglossate type with close similarities to the lepetellid radula. The anatomy falls well into the lepetelloid bauplan and is in general similar to that of Pseudococculini- dae and Pyropeltidae. Apomorphic features are the presence of gill-leaflets at both sides of the pallial roof (shared with certain pseudococculinids), the lack of jaws, and in particular many enigmatic pouches (bacterial chambers?) which open into the posterior oesophagus. Autapomor- phic characters of shell, radula and anatomy confirm the placement of Bathyphytophilus (with Aenigmabonus) in a distinct family, Bathyphytophilidae Moskalev, 1978.