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Tesi Di Laurea Floriana Frida Asperti
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO Facoltà di Studi Umanistici Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Musicologia SUONO E PAROLA: L’EQUILIBRIO PERFETTO L’ESPERIENZA DI SAHAJ PRESSO LA COMUNITÀ SIKH DI LISBONA Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Nicola Scaldaferri 2° Relatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Filippo Bonini Baraldi Correlatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Emilio Sala 2° Correlatore: Chiar.mo Prof. Giovanni Cospito Tesi di Laurea di: Floriana Frida Asperti Matr. n. 826824 Anno Accademico 2016/2017 1 A Viola, alle corde dell’oceano. 2 INDICE INDICE DELLE IMMAGINI 5 RINGRAZIAMENTI 8 NOTE PER LA TRASLITTERAZIONE E LE TRADUZIONI 9 INTRODUZIONE 10 CAPITOLO 1 La sottigliezza del linguaggio 21 1.1 Sikhismo o Sikhismo: l’importanza delle parole 21 1.2 !r" Gur# Granth S$hib: la parola scritta 25 1.3 Sahaj: l’equilibrio perfetto 32 CAPITOLO 2: !abad k"rtan, la performance musicale 43 2.1 Poesia e musica: i versi cantati nella tradizione sikh 43 2.2 !abad k"rtan /Gurb#n" k"rtan e Gurmat sang"t/Gurb#n" sang"t: ancora una questione di termini 45 2.3 Repertorio poetico: $abad, inni 46 2.4 Repertorio musicale: r#ga-t#la, strutture melodiche-cicli ritmici 49 2.5 Le performances di !abad K"rtan 58 2.6 Sunia-gavia, ascoltare-cantare 64 2.7 L’esperienza estetica di Amrit rasa 69 CAPITOLO 3: Seva, il servizio disinteressato 75 3.1 Il binomio io-l’altro 75 3.2 La vita al gurdw$r$: l’individuo e la comunità una simbiosi attiva 76 3.3 Azioni cantate 80 3.4 Analisi di wahegur% 81 3.4.1 Analisi testuale 82 3 3.4.2 Analisi musicale 83 3.4.3 Analisi acustica 85 3.4.4 Analisi gestuale 85 3.5 Il ruolo -
Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage and Diverse Cultural Traditions of India”
Scheme for “Safeguarding the Intangible Cultural Heritage and Diverse Cultural Traditions of India” Form for National Inventory Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage of India A. Name of the State WEST BENGAL B. Name of the Element/Cultural Tradition (in English) BENA B.1. Name of the element in the language and script of the community Concerned, if applicable 뇍যানা (Bengali) C. Name of the communities, groups or, if applicable, individuals concerned (Identify clearly either of these concerned with the practice of the said element/cultural tradition) The Bena is traditionally used by two communities - the Rajbongshis and the Meities of Manipur. The Rajbongshis are spread across North Bengal, western Assam, Meghalaya and eastern parts of Bihar and the neighbouring countries of Bangladesh and Nepal. The Meiteis of Manipur have a similar instrument which they call the Pena and it plays a very important role in their culture - accompanying many of their rituals and their folk music. It continues to play a much larger role in their lives than the Bena does among the Rajbongshis. D. Geographical location and range of the element/cultural tradition (Please write about the other states in which the said element/tradition is present ) The Bena is to be found in the northern districts of Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri (which has recently been bifurcated into Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar districts) in West Bengal, Assam, Meghalaya, Bihar and also neighbouring countries like Bangladesh and Nepal. The Bena is traditionally an integral part of a Rajbongshi folk theatre called Kushan. However the Kushan tradition prevails only in North Bengal, Bangladesh and Assam. -
Cpmg / Ka / Bg-Gpo/13/2003-2005
The Karnataka Value Added Tax Act, 2003 Act 32 of 2004 Keyword(s): Assessment, Business, Capital Goods, To Cultivate Personally, Dealer, Export, Goods Vehicle, Import, Input Tax, Maximum Retail Price, Output Tax, Place of Business, Published, Registered Dealer, Return, Sale, State Representative, Taxable Sale, Tax Invoice, Tax Period, Taxable Turnover, Total Turnover, Works Contract Amendments appended; 5 of 2009, 32 of 2013, 54 of 2013, 5 of 2015 DISCLAIMER: This document is being furnished to you for your information by PRS Legislative Research (PRS). The contents of this document have been obtained from sources PRS believes to be reliable. These contents have not been independently verified, and PRS makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, completeness or correctness. In some cases the Principal Act and/or Amendment Act may not be available. Principal Acts may or may not include subsequent amendments. For authoritative text, please contact the relevant state department concerned or refer to the latest government publication or the gazette notification. Any person using this material should take their own professional and legal advice before acting on any information contained in this document. PRS or any persons connected with it do not accept any liability arising from the use of this document. PRS or any persons connected with it shall not be in any way responsible for any loss, damage, or distress to any person on account of any action taken or not taken on the basis of this document. 301 KARNATAKA ACT NO. 32 OF 2004 THE KARNATAKA VALUE ADDED TAX ACT, 2003 Arrangement of Sections Sections: Chapter I Introduction 1. -
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
Categorization of Stringed Instruments with Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis
CATEGORIZATION OF STRINGED INSTRUMENTS WITH MULTIFRACTAL DETRENDED FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS Archi Banerjee*, Shankha Sanyal, Tarit Guhathakurata, Ranjan Sengupta and Dipak Ghosh Sir C.V. Raman Centre for Physics and Music Jadavpur University, Kolkata: 700032 *[email protected] * Corresponding Author ABSTRACT Categorization is crucial for content description in archiving of music signals. On many occasions, human brain fails to classify the instruments properly just by listening to their sounds which is evident from the human response data collected during our experiment. Some previous attempts to categorize several musical instruments using various linear analysis methods required a number of parameters to be determined. In this work, we attempted to categorize a number of string instruments according to their mode of playing using latest-state-of-the-art robust non-linear methods. For this, 30 second sound signals of 26 different string instruments from all over the world were analyzed with the help of non linear multifractal analysis (MFDFA) technique. The spectral width obtained from the MFDFA method gives an estimate of the complexity of the signal. From the variation of spectral width, we observed distinct clustering among the string instruments according to their mode of playing. Also there is an indication that similarity in the structural configuration of the instruments is playing a major role in the clustering of their spectral width. The observations and implications are discussed in detail. Keywords: String Instruments, Categorization, Fractal Analysis, MFDFA, Spectral Width INTRODUCTION Classification is one of the processes involved in audio content description. Audio signals can be classified according to miscellaneous criteria viz. speech, music, sound effects (or noises). -
Numbers in Bengali Language
NUMBERS IN BENGALI LANGUAGE A dissertation submitted to Assam University, Silchar in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Arts in Department of Linguistics. Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No 03-120032252 DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGE ASSAM UNIVERSITY SILCHAR 788011, INDIA YEAR OF SUBMISSION : 2020 CONTENTS Title Page no. Certificate 1 Declaration by the candidate 2 Acknowledgement 3 Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1.0 A rapid sketch on Assam 4 1.2.0 Etymology of “Assam” 4 Geographical Location 4-5 State symbols 5 Bengali language and scripts 5-6 Religion 6-9 Culture 9 Festival 9 Food havits 10 Dresses and Ornaments 10-12 Music and Instruments 12-14 Chapter 2: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 15-16 Chapter 3: OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY Objectives 16 Methodology and Sources of Data 16 Chapter 4: NUMBERS 18-20 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY 22 CERTIFICATE DEPARTMENT OF LINGUISTICS SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES ASSAM UNIVERSITY SILCHAR DATE: 15-05-2020 Certified that the dissertation/project entitled “Numbers in Bengali Language” submitted by Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No 03-120032252 of 2018-2019 for Master degree in Linguistics in Assam University, Silchar. It is further certified that the candidate has complied with all the formalities as per the requirements of Assam University . I recommend that the dissertation may be placed before examiners for consideration of award of the degree of this university. 5.10.2020 (Asst. Professor Paramita Purkait) Name & Signature of the Supervisor Department of Linguistics Assam University, Silchar 1 DECLARATION I hereby Roll - 011818 No - 2083100012 Registration No – 03-120032252 hereby declare that the subject matter of the dissertation entitled ‘Numbers in Bengali language’ is the record of the work done by me. -
Fusion Without Confusion Raga Basics Indian
Fusion Without Confusion Raga Basics Indian Rhythm Basics Solkattu, also known as konnakol is the art of performing percussion syllables vocally. It comes from the Carnatic music tradition of South India and is mostly used in conjunction with instrumental music and dance instruction, although it has been widely adopted throughout the world as a modern composition and performance tool. Similarly, the music of North India has its own system of rhythm vocalization that is based on Bols, which are the vocalization of specific sounds that correspond to specific sounds that are made on the drums of North India, most notably the Tabla drums. Like in the south, the bols are used in musical training, as well as composition and performance. In addition, solkattu sounds are often referred to as bols, and the practice of reciting bols in the north is sometimes referred to as solkattu, so the distinction between the two practices is blurred a bit. The exercises and compositions we will discuss contain bols that are found in both North and South India, however they come from the tradition of the North Indian tabla drums. Furthermore, the theoretical aspect of the compositions is distinctly from the Hindustani, (north Indian) tradition. Hence, for the purpose of this presentation, the use of the term Solkattu refers to the broader, more general practice of Indian rhythmic language. South Indian Percussion Mridangam Dolak Kanjira Gattam North Indian Percussion Tabla Baya (a.k.a. Tabla) Pakhawaj Indian Rhythm Terms Tal (also tala, taal, or taala) – The Indian system of rhythm. Tal literally means "clap". -
The West Bengal College Service Commission State
THE WEST BENGAL COLLEGE SERVICE COMMISSION STATE ELIGIBILITY TEST Subject: MUSIC Code No.: 28 SYLLABUS Hindustani (Vocal, Instrumental & Musicology), Karnataka, Percussion and Rabindra Sangeet Note:- Unit-I, II, III & IV are common to all in music Unit-V to X are subject specific in music Unit-I Technical Terms: Sangeet, Nada: ahata & anahata , Shruti & its five jaties, Seven Vedic Swaras, Seven Swaras used in Gandharva, Suddha & Vikrit Swara, Vadi- Samvadi, Anuvadi-Vivadi, Saptak, Aroha, Avaroha, Pakad / vishesa sanchara, Purvanga, Uttaranga, Audava, Shadava, Sampoorna, Varna, Alankara, Alapa, Tana, Gamaka, Alpatva-Bahutva, Graha, Ansha, Nyasa, Apanyas, Avirbhav,Tirobhava, Geeta; Gandharva, Gana, Marga Sangeeta, Deshi Sangeeta, Kutapa, Vrinda, Vaggeyakara Mela, Thata, Raga, Upanga ,Bhashanga ,Meend, Khatka, Murki, Soot, Gat, Jod, Jhala, Ghaseet, Baj, Harmony and Melody, Tala, laya and different layakari, common talas in Hindustani music, Sapta Talas and 35 Talas, Taladasa pranas, Yati, Theka, Matra, Vibhag, Tali, Khali, Quida, Peshkar, Uthaan, Gat, Paran, Rela, Tihai, Chakradar, Laggi, Ladi, Marga-Deshi Tala, Avartana, Sama, Vishama, Atita, Anagata, Dasvidha Gamakas, Panchdasa Gamakas ,Katapayadi scheme, Names of 12 Chakras, Twelve Swarasthanas, Niraval, Sangati, Mudra, Shadangas , Alapana, Tanam, Kaku, Akarmatrik notations. Unit-II Folk Music Origin, evolution and classification of Indian folk song / music. Characteristics of folk music. Detailed study of folk music, folk instruments and performers of various regions in India. Ragas and Talas used in folk music Folk fairs & festivals in India. Unit-III Rasa and Aesthetics: Rasa, Principles of Rasa according to Bharata and others. Rasa nishpatti and its application to Indian Classical Music. Bhava and Rasa Rasa in relation to swara, laya, tala, chhanda and lyrics. -
Assam - a Study on Bihugeet in Guwahati (GMA), Assam
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN: 2319-7064 Impact Factor (2018): 7.426 Female Participation in Folk Music of Assam - A Study on Bihugeet in Guwahati (GMA), Assam Palme Borthakur1, Bhaben Ch. Kalita2 1Department of Earth Science, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, India 2Professor, Department of Earth Science, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, India Abstract: Songs, instruments and dance- the collaboration of these three ingredients makes the music of any region or society. Folk music is one of the integral facet of culture which also poses all the essentials of music. The instruments used in folk music are divided into four halves-taat (string instruments), aanodha(instruments covered with membrane), Ghana (solid or the musical instruments which struck against one another) and sushir(wind instruments)(Sharma,1996). Out of these four, Ghana and sushirvadyas are being preferred to be played by female artists. Ghana vadyas include instruments like taal,junuka etc. and sushirvadyas include instruments that can be played by blowing air from the mouth like flute,gogona, hkhutuli etc. Women being the most essential part of the society are also involved in the process of shaping up the culture of a region. In the society of Assam since ancient times till date women plays a vital role in the folk music that is bihugeet. At times Assamese women in groups used to celebrate bihu in open spaces or within forest areas or under big trees where entry of men was totally prohibited and during this exclusive celebration the women used to play aforesaid instruments and sing bihu songs describing their life,youth and relation with the environment. -
Indian Dance Drama Tradition
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-3, Issue-4, 2017 (Special Issue), ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Recent Trends in Science Technology, Management and Society Indian Dance Drama Tradition Dr. Geetha B V Post-Doctoral research fellow, Women Studies Department, Kuvempu University, Shankarghatta, Shimoga. Abstract: In the cultures of the Indian subcontinent, for its large, elaborate make up and costumes. The drama and ritual have been integral parts of a elaborate costumes of Kathakalli become the most single whole from earliest recorded history. The recognized icon of Kerala. The themes of the first evidences of ritual dance drama performances Kathakali are religious in nature. The typically occur in the rock painting of Mirzapur, Bhimbetka, deal with the Mahabarat, the Ramayana and the and in other sites, which are various dated 20,000- ancient Scriptures known as the puranas. 5000 bce. The ancient remains of Mohenjo-Daro Kuchipudi dance drama traditions hails from and the Harappa (2500-2000 bce) are more Andhrapradesh. BhamaKalapam is the most definitive. Here archeological remains clearly popular Dance-Drama in Kuchipudi repertoire point to the prevalence of ritual performance ascribed to Siddhendra Yogi. The story revolves involving populace and patrons. The Mohenjo – round the quarrel between satyabhama and Daro seals, bronze fegurines, and images of priest Krishna. and broken torsos are all clear indications of dance In this paper I am dealing with Yakshagana dance as ritual. The aspects of vedic ritual tradition drama tradition. I would like to discuss this art closest to dance and drama was a rigorous system form’s present scenario. -
Dr. Sandip Kumar Raut* Original Research Paper Music
Original Research Paper Volume - 10 | Issue - 8 | August - 2020 | PRINT ISSN No. 2249 - 555X | DOI : 10.36106/ijar Music THE ROLE OF TABLA IN INDIAN MUSIC Dr. Sandip Kumar Asst.Prof. in Dept.of Tabla, Utkal university of culture, Bhubaneswar. *Corresponding Raut* Author ABSTRACT Tabla is a most popular percussion instrument of India coming under membranophones category .Its versatility in all musical styles has enabled it to become most popular percussion instrument of India. It is used in almost all types of music like classical music, light classical music, light music, folk music, religious music, fusion music and western music. It consists of a pair of hand drums namely Tabla and Bayan comprising of contrasting sizes and Timbers. It has ten syllables which forms different types of rhythmic patterns. Its distinct sound and timber makes it as a main accompanying instrument of Indian music. It possesses a sophisticated tonal beauty which elevated the instrument to an unmatched status in the world of percussion. KEYWORDS : Rhythm, percussion, syllables, Tradition, Music, Veda, Tal Tabla is a most popular percussion instrument of North Indian music. It playing and many times the thickness is depending upon the diameter comes under membranophones category of percussion instrument. of Tabla . The instrument not only produces a wild range of sonorities pleasing to many tastes but also gives the performer a great scope to demonstrate Tabla is the main accompanying instrument of Hindustani music. It has his technical facility and speed. It is most developed tal keeping been used in classical, semi classical, light, folk, Bhajan etc. and also in instrument of Indian music which is used in traditional, classical, semi fusion music. -
(Published in the Journal of Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi, 133-134 (1999) Pages 16-24
(Published in the Journal of Sangeet Natak Akademi, New Delhi, 133-134 (1999) pages 16-24. ) Synthesizing Carnatic Music with a Computer M.Subramanian 1. Introduction. The term Computer Music is generally applied to producing music from notation or data, using a Computer Sound Card installed in a Computer or a Synthesizer. It thus implies that the music is synthesized or created artificially approximating as closely as possible the tones of musical instruments. Although the advent of multimedia (simultaneous use of text, pictures and sound on a computer) has led to publication of large number of CD Titles relating to music, these mostly have music recorded from a performer (though occasionally there may be some synthetic music in such titles) and are not considered as generating 'Computer Music'. Again artificial music produced using analog devices are not considered as Computer Music, the essential requirement being that the music is generated from digital data. This article describes the present situation in synthesizing Carnatic Music with the computer, the problems and possible solutions. 1.1. Western musicians and composers have been extensively using the computer in the field of music for the past decade or so. The synthesizer in the computer, similar to the synthesizer of electronic keyboard instruments can play simultaneously more than one 'voice' i.e. more than one instrument (melodic or percussion) playing its own notes. Computer Music greatly assists composers of Western Music with its emphasis on orchestration and harmony. A composer can immediately listen to his ideas without waiting for it to be played by an orchestra.