Recovery Strategy for the Hungerford's Crawling Water Beetle (Brychius Hungerfordi) in Ontario
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Photo: Stephen A. Marshall Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle (Brychius hungerfordi) in Ontario Ontario Recovery Strategy Series Recovery strategy prepared under the Endangered Species Act, 2007 Ministry of Natural Resources About the Ontario Recovery Strategy Series This series presents the collection of recovery strategies that are prepared or adopted as advice to the Province of Ontario on the recommended approach to recover species at risk. The Province ensures the preparation of recovery strategies to meet its commitments to recover species at risk under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Accord for the Protection of Species at Risk in Canada. What is recovery? What’s next? Recovery of species at risk is the process by which the Nine months after the completion of a recovery strategy decline of an endangered, threatened, or extirpated a government response statement will be published species is arrested or reversed, and threats are which summarizes the actions that the Government of removed or reduced to improve the likelihood of a Ontario intends to take in response to the strategy. species’ persistence in the wild. The implementation of recovery strategies depends on the continued cooperation and actions of government agencies, individuals, communities, land users, and What is a recovery strategy? conservationists. Under the ESA a recovery strategy provides the best available scientific knowledge on what is required to For more information achieve recovery of a species. A recovery strategy outlines the habitat needs and the threats to the To learn more about species at risk recovery in Ontario, survival and recovery of the species. It also makes please visit the Ministry of Natural Resources Species at recommendations on the objectives for protection and Risk webpage at: www.ontario.ca/speciesatrisk recovery, the approaches to achieve those objectives, and the area that should be considered in the development of a habitat regulation. Sections 11 to 15 of the ESA outline the required content and timelines for developing recovery strategies published in this series. Recovery strategies are required to be prepared for endangered and threatened species within one or two years respectively of the species being added to the Species at Risk in Ontario list. There is a transition period of five years (until June 30, 2013) to develop recovery strategies for those species listed as endangered or threatened in the schedules of the ESA. Recovery strategies are required to be prepared for extirpated species only if reintroduction is considered feasible. Recovery Strategy for the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle in Ontario RECOMMENDED CITATION Kirk, D. A. 2013. Recovery Strategy for the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle (Brychius hungerfordi) in Ontario. Ontario Recovery Strategy Series. Prepared for the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough, Ontario. vi + 34 pp. Cover illustration: Photograph provided by Steve Marshall, University of Guelph © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2013 ISBN 978-1-4606-0531-8 (PDF) Content (excluding the cover illustration) may be used without permission, with appropriate credit to the source. Cette publication hautement spécialisée Recovery strategies prepared under the Endangered Species Act, 2007, n’est disponible qu’en Anglais en vertu du Règlement 411/97 qui en exempte l’application de la Loi sur les services en français. Pour obtenir de l’aide en français, veuillez communiquer avec Cathy Darevic au ministère des Richesses naturelles au 705-755-5580. i Recovery Strategy for the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle in Ontario AUTHORS David Anthony Kirk, Aquila Conservation & Environment Consulting ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources funded the preparation of this recovery strategy. I would like to thank the following individuals who provided information on the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle or the locations where it occurs in Ontario: Colin Jones (Natural Heritage Information Centre, NHIC, Peterborough), Chris Jones (Ministry of Environment, Ontario); John Bittorf (Water Resources Coordinator - Grey Sauble Conservation Authority), Nathan Garland (Regulations Officer, Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority), Jo-Anne Harbinson (Manager Water Resources and Stewardship Services, Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority), Dave Pybus (Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority), Andrew Sorensen (Environmental Planning Coordinator - Grey Sauble Conservation Authority), and Shannon Wood (Manager, Communications, Saugeen Valley Conservation Authority). Barbara Hosler (United States Fish and Wildlife Service, USFWS East Lansing) sent me contacts for the United States. Bob Vande Kopple (University of Michigan Biological Station) provided extremely helpful comments on an earlier draft and information on the species in Michigan and Mac Strand provided comments on how to mitigate impacts to the species during surveys. Amelia Argue, Colin Jones, Leanne Jennings, Kathryn Markham, Suzanne Robinson (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, OMNR); Rachel deCatanzaro, Meghan Gerson, Krista Holmes, Tania Morais, Kathy St. Laurent (Environment Canada, EC), Dave Balint (Department of Fisheries and Oceans, DFO), Brian Scholtens (College of Charleston, South Carolina), Mac Strand (Northern Michigan University), Joanna James (consulting biologist, Ottawa) and Anneka Osmun (consulting biologist, Windsor) commented on earlier drafts. ii Recovery Strategy for the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle in Ontario DECLARATION The recovery strategy for the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle was developed in accordance with the requirements of the Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA). This recovery strategy has been prepared as advice to the Government of Ontario, other responsible jurisdictions and the many different constituencies that may be involved in recovering the species. The recovery strategy does not necessarily represent the views of all of the individuals who provided advice or contributed to its preparation, nor the official positions of the organizations with which the individuals are associated. The goals, objectives and recovery approaches identified in the strategy are based on the best available knowledge and are subject to revision as new information becomes available. Implementation of this strategy is subject to appropriations, priorities and budgetary constraints of the participating jurisdictions and organizations. Success in the recovery of this species depends on the commitment and cooperation of many different constituencies that will be involved in implementing the directions set out in this strategy. RESPONSIBLE JURISDICTIONS Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Environment Canada - Canadian Wildlife Service, Ontario iii Recovery Strategy for the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle in Ontario EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle (Brychius hungerfordi) is a small beetle (Family Haliplidae) occurring in Canada only in the Great Lakes region of Ontario. Believed to be a postglacial relict, it is listed as endangered under Ontario’s Endangered Species Act, 2007 (ESA). Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle has also been designated as endangered by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) but is not currently listed under Schedule 1 of the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA). In Canada, the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle is restricted to three rivers in Bruce County in Ontario (the Rankin, the Saugeen and the North Saugeen). Little is known about the current status of the species at the Rankin or Saugeen sites; the most recent surveys on the Rankin showed that the species was present in 2011 and this is believed to be the most important site in Ontario. Declines have occurred over the last 10 years in the North Saugeen population in Ontario and the population may be extirpated. In the United States, Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle occurs in eight streams in four counties in northern Michigan; three new populations have been discovered since the United States Fish and Wildlife Service five-year review (2009). Small to medium-sized streams with moderate to fast flowing water provide habitat for the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle. Such streams have good aeration, cool water temperatures, an inorganic substrate and high pH. Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetles seem to concentrate downstream of culverts and human-made impoundments, but they may be more generally distributed throughout streams, albeit at lower density, at least in Michigan and possibly in Ontario. An essential habitat component during breeding is an algae, Dichotomosiphon tuberosus, which is eaten by beetle larvae. The main threats to the Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle come from stream embankment and channelization, removal or modification of dams, weirs and culverts, and road construction which could influence water quantity and quality. Land use in areas adjacent to streams and within the entire watershed may also impact the species, since this affects hydrology. Farming activities on agricultural land could increase sediment load and/or pollutant run-off (50% of the Saugeen and North Saugeen are in agricultural land), as could urban and industrial development (including aggregate extraction). The recovery goal is to enhance long-term population viability by maintaining at least three self-sustaining populations of Hungerford’s Crawling Water Beetle in Ontario. This should be achieved by actively protecting and managing suitable habitat for this species and