DOCSLIB.ORG

The Utilization of Waste Marble Dust As a Cement Replacement in Air-Cured Mortar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Utilization of Waste Marble Dust As a Cement Replacement in Air-Cured Mortar sustainability Article The Utilization of Waste Marble Dust as a Cement Replacement in Air-Cured Mortar Nadhir Toubal Seghir 1 , Mekki Mellas 1, Łukasz Sadowski 2,* , Aleksandra Krolicka 3 , Andrzej Zak˙ 3 and Krzysztof Ostrowski 4 1 Civil Engineering Research Laboratory, Biskra University, Biskra 07000, Algeria; [email protected] (N.T.S.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland 3 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (A.Z.)˙ 4 Institute of Building Materials and Structures, Cracow University of Technology, 24, Warszawska Str., 31-155 Cracow, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-71-320-37-42 Received: 5 March 2019; Accepted: 9 April 2019; Published: 12 April 2019 Abstract: The aim of this study is to assess the possibility of utilizing waste marble dust (WMD) as a partial cement substitution in air-cured mortar (ACM). Three different levels of cement replacement were analyzed: 5%, 10% and 15% by cement weight. The specimens were manufactured in a local laboratory at an air temperature of 22 2 C and a humidity equal to 20 1%. The chemical and ± ◦ ± physical properties of ordinary Portland cement and WMD has been found to be the most crucial parameters. A variety of macroscopic tests, such as apparent density, porosity and compressive strength, were proposed in order to explain the effect of utilizing the WMD on the ACM. To confirm the results of the macroscopic properties, thorough microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed. The obtained results of this study indicate that replacing cement with WMD affects the physical and mechanical properties of air-cured mortar. The apparent density and compressive strength decrease while the porosity increases. Keywords: air-cured mortar; waste marble dust; compressive strength; porosity 1. Introduction The leading factor influencing the quality of cement-based composites and their appropriate adherence is ordinary Portland cement. The manufacturing of ordinary Portland cement requires a meaningful consumption of energy [1,2] and the production of enormous greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), black carbon (BC), and sulfur dioxide (SO2)[3], therefore contributing to environmental pollution [4,5]. Global cement production (4.18 billion tones in 2014) is the third biggest source of carbon dioxide emissions [6]. The average value of CO2 intensity emissions from all worldwide cement production is 222 kg of CO2/t of cement [7]. From an economic point of view, it can be seen to be reasonable to replace a part of ordinary Portland cement with waste mineral dust. In addition, this treatment is an environmentally friendly solution [8–10]. Due to an excessive amount of very fine particles in dust, the voids in cement-based materials could be thoroughly filled. The particle size and chemical composition of this by-product allow this material to be treated as an attractive additive in cement-based material technology [11]. Marble has been widely used as a building material in the civil engineering industry [12]. During the mining process and in the polishing of marble stone, marble dust is perceived as a waste material [13]. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2215; doi:10.3390/su11082215 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Sustainability 2019, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 14 Sustainability[13]. These2019 by-products, 11, 2215 are present in the environment and contribute to pollution [14,15].2 ofThe 14 utilization of marble dust reduces the cost of cement-based material production and also decreases Thesethe costs by-products of removing are it present from the in theenvironment environment [16]. and contribute to pollution [14,15]. The utilization of marbleThe possibility dust reduces of theusing cost waste of cement-based materials such material as marble production dust as and a partial also decreases substitution the costs in the of removingproduction it fromof mortar the environment and concrete [16]. has often been investigated by researchers [5,17–29]. Its mechanicalThe possibility properties of are using the wastemain aspect materials of the such analysis. as marble Consequent dust asly, a it partial has been substitution proved that in the productionutilization of mortarwaste marble and concrete dust (WMD) has often in been cement investigated mortar improves by researchers its mechanical [5,17–29]. Itsand mechanical physical properties arewhen the subjected main aspect to the of the water-curing analysis. Consequently, condition [10]. it hasThe been author’s proved previous that the study utilization showed of wastethat the marble water-curing dust (WMD) condition, in cement when mortar compared improves to the its air-curing mechanical condition, and physical was profitable properties for when the subjectedacceleration to theof the water-curing hydration conditionrate of cement-based [10]. The author’s materials previous blended study with showed WMD that dust the [30]. water-curing However, condition,on real construction when compared sites, cement-based to the air-curing materials condition, are mainly was prepared profitable and for stored the acceleration in air conditions of the hydration(in nature) rate [10]. of cement-based materials blended with WMD dust [30]. However, on real construction sites,Based cement-based on the performed materials literature are mainly review, prepared there and is storedno study in related air conditions to the properties (in nature) of [10 air-cured]. mortarBased containing on the performed WMD. To literaturefill this knowledge review, there gap, is nothis study research related studies to the the properties effect of of the air-cured partial mortarreplacement containing of ordinary WMD. Portland To fill this cement knowledge with WM gap,D on this the research macro and studies micro the properties effect of theof mortars partial replacementstored at an air of ordinarytemperature Portland equal cementto 22 ± 2°C with and WMD a relative on the humidity macro and of micro20 ± 1% properties by determining of mortars the storedcompressive at an air strength temperature and equalapparent to 22 density.2 C and In aaddition, relative humidityscanning of elec 20 tron1% microscopy by determining (SEM) the ± ◦ ± compressiveanalysis was strengthalso performed and apparent to determine density. the In porosity addition, and scanning Si/Ca ratios electron of ACM microscopy after 28 (SEM) days of analysis being wascured. also performed to determine the porosity and Si/Ca ratios of ACM after 28 days of being cured. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Materials The following materialsmaterials werewere usedused toto manufacturemanufacture the the mortars: mortars: ordinary ordinary Portland Portland cement cement CEM CEM I 42.5I 42.5 R, R, produced produced by Biskriaby Biskria ciment, ciment, containing containing 95% clinker 95% clinker with 5% with gypsum 5% forgypsum the setting for the regulation. setting Asregulation. the partial As ordinary the partial Portland ordinary cement Portland replacement, cement replacement, waste marble waste from themarble aggregate from productionthe aggregate of marbleproduction stone of in marble the CHATT stone/ FilFilain the quarryCHATT/FilFila of the Skikda quarry region of the was Skikda used. region Before was use, used. it was Before ground use, to theit was proper ground size to in the order proper to obtain size in a order WMD to fineness obtain a inWMD the ordinary fineness Portlandin the ordinary cement Portland fineness cement range (betweenfineness range 3000 to(between 4000 cm 30002/g) [to30 4000cm]. 2/g) [30]. Sand from the Biskra region (Oued-Djedi River) with a particle size between 0 and 5 mm was used as finefine aggregate.aggregate. It It was first first cleaned and fr fractionatedactionated with the use of a sieving machine to receive aa 00/2/2 particleparticle size size (Figure (Figure1) 1) according according to to the the standard standard EN EN 196-1 196-1 [ 31 [31].]. Tap Tap water water was was used used in the in manufacturingthe manufacturing of the of mortars.the mortars. Max, 1.6-2mm with proportion of 7% Min, < 0.08mm with proportion of 1% Figure 1. Particle size distribution curve (PSD) of reconstituted river cleaner sand (0/2 mm). Figure 1. Particle size distribution curve (PSD) of reconstituted river cleaner sand (0/2mm). Sustainability 2019, 11, 2215 3 of 14 Table1 presents the mineralogical and chemical composition, as well as the physical properties of the ordinary Portland cement, WMD and sand used in the study. Figure2 presents the X-ray di ffraction (XRD) spectrum of these materials. Table 1. Properties of the ordinary Portland cement, WMD and sand [10]. Oxide Content (%) Ordinary Portland Cement WMD Sand SiO2 20.83 0.05 58.15 Al2O3 4.13 0.05 0.34 Fe2O3 5.58 0.02 0.65 CaO 62.91 56.94 22.08 MgO 1.42 0.92 0.28 SO3 2.30 0.32 0.018 K2O 0.38 0.009 0.00 Cl 0.028 0.001 0.018 Loss on ignition (L.O.I) 2.04 41.63 18.23 Insoluble Residue (I.R) 0.382 0.06 0.234 Mineralogical composition C3S 62.03 - C2S 13 - C3A 1.5 - C4AF 16.98 - Sustainability 2019Physical, 11, x FOR properties PEER REVIEW 3 of 14 Solid density (kg/m3) 3150 2740 2656.5 Table 1 Bulkpresents density the (kg mineralogical/m3) and chemical980 composition, as 980 well as the 1631.23 physical properties of the ordinaryBlaine Portland fineness (cmcement,2/g) WMD and sand3571.78 used in the study. 3869.46 Figure 2 presents - the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum of these materials. FigureFigure 2. X-ray 2. X-ray diffraction diffraction (XRD) spectrum(XRD) spectrum of: (a) ordinary of: (a) Portlandordinary cement; Portland (b) cement; waste marble (b) waste dust (WMD); (c) sand.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Franklin Marble: One of New Jersey’S Most Famous Geologic Formations
    New Jersey Geological and Water Survey Information Circular The Franklin Marble: One of New Jersey’s Most Famous Geologic Formations Introduction 0 5 10 Miles NY Sussex County Few rocks in New Jersey are as attractive or as well known as the Franklin Marble, which displays a Franklin virtual rainbow of colors from white, PA to light gray, pale pink, orange, pale Limecrest green, or pale blue. Samples of Franklin Quarry Marble are displayed in many museum exhibits nationally and internation- ally because of its importance as host rock for the world-famous zinc-iron- manganese deposits at the Franklin and Sterling Hill mines in Sussex County. These deposits contain more than 350 minerals, of which 90 are fluorescent. If New Jersey Highlands area of ever there were a contender for the offi- detail cial state rock of New Jersey, Franklin Marble would certainly be among those at the top of the list. Early in the study of the state’s geologic history, all marble was simply called white or crystalline limestone (Cook, 1868). The name “Frank- lin white limestone” was first intro- Figure 1. Distribution of the Franklin Marble (shown in blue) and other uncorre- duced by Wolff and Brooks (1898) for lated marble deposits (shown in red) in the New Jersey Highlands. marble at the zinc deposits in Frank- lin Borough. This was later shortened the area, where it forms a nearly continu- known. As a result, Franklin Marble was to “Franklin limestone” on one of the ous 21-mile-long belt in Sussex County. quarried extensively during the 20th cen- early state geologic maps of New Jersey Marble also crops out in small, detached tury, although most of the quarries are no (Lewis and Kümmel, 1910-1912), and bodies in the southwestern and eastern longer in operation.
    [Show full text]
  • Fact Sheet 5 Principles of Stone Extraction
    QuarryScapes guide to ancient stone quarries Fact Sheet 5 Fact Sheet 5 Principles of stone extraction In all stone quarry situations the extraction phase rich) ones. Partly because they in general display is based on one or combinations of three the most brittle behaviour, but also because it is a fundamental principles: well documented fact (and experience among quarrymen) that siliceous rocks (granite in 1. Levering; expanding open fractures by particular) have well defined preferred splitting inserting levers, crowbars or stones 2. Splitting; creating fractures, preferable directions defined by microfractures in quartz. planar, by strokes (i.e. sledge hammer), Splitting by heating is caused by a combination of wedging; heating or blasting with thermal expansion properties and brittle explosives behaviour. It works best on quartz-rich rocks due 3. Channelling (carving); making channels in to the well known but poorly understood change the rock by carving with hammer and of mechanical properties of quartz when heated. chisel, pickaxe or stone tools, heating with fire, sawing or drilling Channelling is the third fundamental principle. Channels in the rock are made by removing the Levering may be described as the “simplest” way rock mass by chiselling, picking, sawing or of extraction, involving the expansion of natural heating. In most soft stone quarries from the cracks or other planes of weakness (such as Bronze Age onwards, channelling is the most bedding planes) using various tools. important extraction method. In most cases, channelling is combined with other methods. For Splitting may be defined as the act of generating instance, channels are made perpendicular to the new fractures for extracting rock.
    [Show full text]
  • Cemetery Preservation QUICK TIPS
    Georgia’s State Historic Preservation Office IIIIIICCCeeemmmeeettteeerrryyy PPPrrreeessseeerrrvvvaaatttiiiooonnn QQQUUUIIICCCKKK TTTIIIPPPSSSIIIIII Common Monument and Gravemarker Materials Below are brief descriptions of the most common stones and monument material types found in Georgia. Stones vary in hardness and therefore in their ability to survive satisfactorily outdoors in cemeteries, as well as their ability to withstand cleaning or restoration. The Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness, created in 1812, establishes talc as the softest mineral material and diamond as the hardest. There is no need to determine the exact hardness of a stone you are working on. However, seeing how some common cemetery materials rank on the Mohs Scale can guide your choice of the best methods for working with them: Talc (see "soapstone" below) Marble Sandstone Granite Diamond 1 3-4 5 7-8 10 If identifying the type of stone is difficult, but will be important to a cemetery preservation project, referring to a stone/mineral field guide is recommended, or consulting with a geologist or other expert. Marker Material Descriptions MARBLE Marble has been used for a great many markers in historic cemeteries in Georgia. The state's marble industry dates back to the late 1830s, when outcroppings of surface marble were discovered in north Georgia. Quarrying began, and markers were carved and sold throughout the area. The Georgia marble industry still thrives today. Several different types of stone that can be polished are called marble. A true marble, though, is a metamorphic rock made up of calcium carbonate, traces of silica and iron oxides; it is rather soft and easily carved.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Effects with Stains
    Get Fortified with Fiber Vol. 7 No. 4 • June/July 2007 • $6.95 Special Effects With Stains The masters reveal their secrets Getting Edgy New border tools and stamps Kitchen Countertops: Safety First II • www.ConcreteDecor.net • Aug./Sept. 2006 June/July 2007 | www.ConcreteDecor.net | 1 Publisher’s Letter Dear Readers, My wife’s grandfather is turning 98 years old in a month or June/July 2007 • Volume 7 so. Having lost his wife a couple of years ago, Papa, believe it or Issue No. 4 • $6.95 not, still lives at home by himself. On a recent visit to Papa we sat, as usual, in his family Publisher: Bent O. Mikkelsen room talking about a lot of things, like the way things used to Co-Publisher: Ernst H. Mikkelsen Editor: Wendy Ardolino be and, for obvious reasons, our concern for his health. During Editor: John Strieder our conversation Papa told me in a matter-of-fact tone of voice Translation Editor: Eduardo Morales that he had suffered a heart attack a couple of weeks earlier. Shocked by the news, I asked Creative Director: Patrick Hunter if he had seen a doctor or spent time in the hospital following that ordeal. Papa responded Web Design: Mark Dixon by saying “Oh yes, one night. My legs feel numb but I’m getting better.” Pressing for more Writers: Andrew Amrhein Susan Brimo-Cox information, he added, “… when I had the heart attack I was afraid I was going to die Christina Camara – however, a moment later, I became afraid I wasn’t going to die.” Saddened as we both Doug Carlton were by his news, this announcement caused us to laugh at the ordeal.
    [Show full text]
  • Short Notice to Quarrying Sector
    DRAFT REPORT STATE-OF-THE-ART: ORNAMENTAL STONE QUARRYING IN EUROPE Nicos Arvantides Tom Heldal 1 OSNET quarrying sector Nicos Arvantides Institute of Geology and Mineral exploration (IGME) 1. Fragon str. 54626 Thessaloniki Greece [email protected] Tom Heldal Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) N-7491 Trondheim Norway [email protected] Preface This report is an attempt to summarize some characteristics of the ornamental stone quarrying industry throughout Europe and underline some challenges that this sector is facing. Furthermore, it seeks to highlight some of the most important innovative technologies and methods contributing to improve the viability and sustainability of ornamental stone quarrying. In addition to quarrying itself, the report also deals with other important aspects directly relevant to quarrying – such as exploration, some environmental issues, management of deposits and handling and use of waste rock. For other aspects related to the ornamental stone production, including environmental, the work by the other sectors within OSNET is recommended. These are: Processing, Stone characterization, Tools and equipment, Risk assessment, safety and environment and Technology transfer. Ornamental stone quarrying in Europe is characterized by a great variation in traditions, extraction methods and, not at least, rock types. To give a complete picture of everything happening within the sector would demand far more pages and time than available, but we hope that we have not forgotten too much. The members of the OSNET quarrying sector come from Greece, Italy, Portugal, Sweden, Finland and Norway. Clearly, the report will be "coloured" by examples and case studies from these countries, but we hope – and believe - they have a more general validity.
    [Show full text]
  • Chasm & Quarry Tour
    Chasm & Quarry Tour Natural Bridge State Park SELF-GUIDED INTERPRETIVE TOUR Welcome Natural Bridge State Park, in North Adams, is a small 44-acre DCR park that provides a window into the past: ancient geology, curious marble rock formations, a history of visitors who left their mark, and an industrial quarry. Nature, over eons of erosion, has cut deep into the marble bedrock; and in just 130 years man has excavated even further! These actions left indelible marks here that you can see and touch. Use this guide to experience the natural wonder of this marble chasm, but also wit- ness the result of man’s determination. These are only some of the curious stories found here. Take your time, explore, and use your senses. Enjoy a picnic on the grounds. Listen to the rushing water echoing through the chasm. Touch and admire the texture and brilliance of the marble surface. Take photographs and look for clues to the past. About the Tour The Chasm & Quarry Tour starts at the foot of the parking lot, in front of the Visitor Center. The tour takes about 1 hour. Total round-trip distance is under a half-mile. Ability rating is easy. The route goes over some uneven terrain, boardwalks, and a staircase. The tour is accessible year-round, be prepared for the weather. A parking fee may be charged from late-May through mid-October. In the off-season park outside the entrance gate off Beaver Street/ MA Route 8, North Adams, and walk 0.25 miles up McCauley Road into the park; for convenience you may follow this tour in reverse order.
    [Show full text]
  • MARBLE MOSAIC Installing and Treatment Guide for Marble Mosaic and Other Natural Stone Designtegels.Nl 1 MARBLE MOSAIC Questions
    Goeie foto MARBLE MOSAIC Installing and treatment guide for Marble Mosaic and other Natural stone Designtegels.nl INSTALLING AND TREATMENT GUIDE Type: Marble mosaic tiles are tiles made of natural stone such as marble, whether or not finished by polishing. Production is (partly) manual. Materials: Natural stone, marble Characteristics: Marble is a natural product and is extracted in countries such as Italy and Turkey. Large blocks or plates are processed into smaller mosaic shapes, usually glued onto mats. Variants: There are numerous variants that are often characterized by color and / or shape. Applicability: Inside, outside, walls, floors. Extra attention: Our mosaic tiles made from natural stone such as marble are more sensitive than other tile types. Be careful with acids or caustic cleaning agents. The processing of mats works differently than the processing of whole tiles, which is why mosaic tiles must be placed with extra attention and preferably by someone with experience. The step-by-step plan and advice may differ per space or area of application.​​ Below we give our advice for the most common placement of our mosaic tiles. Also read the important tips at the bottom of the step-by-step plan and contact us if you have any questions. What do you need to install mosaic tiles: - Primer - Flexible tile adhesive - Flexible grout - 2 mm tile spacers - Angle grinder or water-cooled tile saw - Joint trowel, glue tub, glue comb 6 or 8mm, depending on the mosaic MARBLE MOSAIC - Azule Cement Stain Remover (cleaning agent) 1 - Bucket and sponge, wash-in set STEP-BY-STEP PLAN Before you start tiling, make a plan of same joint width.
    [Show full text]
  • The Lustrous Stone: White Marble in America, 1780-1860
    THE LUSTROUS STONE: WHITE MARBLE IN AMERICA, 1780-1860 by Elise Madeleine Ciregna A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the University of Delaware in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Summer 2015 © 2015 Elise Madeleine Ciregna All Rights Reserved ProQuest Number: 3730261 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 3730261 Published by ProQuest LLC (2015). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 THE LUSTROUS STONE: WHITE MARBLE IN AMERICA, 1780-1860 by Elise Madeleine Ciregna Approved: __________________________________________________________ Arwen P. Mohun, Ph.D. Chair of the Department of History Approved: __________________________________________________________ George H. Watson, Ph.D. Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences Approved: __________________________________________________________ James G. Richards, Ph.D. Vice Provost for Graduate and Professional Education I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Signed: __________________________________________________________ J. Ritchie Garrison, Ph.D. Professor in charge of dissertation I certify that I have read this dissertation and that in my opinion it meets the academic and professional standard required by the University as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
    [Show full text]
  • Salome Marble Quarry Competitive Mineral Material Sale ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
    U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Salome Marble Quarry Competitive Mineral Material Sale ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT DOI-BLM-AZ-C030-2020-0088-EA U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Colorado River District Lake Havasu Field Office 1785 Kiowa Ave. Lake Havasu City, AZ 86406 (928) 505-1200 January 2021 Confidentiality Policy Any comments, including names and street addresses of respondents, you submit may be made available for public review. Individual respondents may request confidentiality. If you wish to withhold your name or street address from public review or from disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, you must state this prominently at the beginning of your written comment. Such requests will be honored to the extent allowed by law. All submissions from organizations or businesses, and from individuals identifying themselves as representatives or officials of organizations or businesses, will be made available for public inspection in their entirety. DOI-BLM-AZ-C030-2020-0088-EA It is the mission of the Bureau of Land Management to sustain the health, diversity, and productivity of the public lands for the use and enjoyment of present and future generations. Compliance for Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act The contents of this document, when accessed electronically, may not be fully Section 508 Compliant with all software applications and readers. Please contact the Lake Havasu Field Office for assistance. We will try to assist you as best we can. This may require providing the information to you in a text only format. Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • What Is Non-Explosive Demolition Powder?
    WHAT IS NON-EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION POWDER? Non-Explosive demolition powder is a soundless, non-explosive and safe demolition agent, which is quite different from ordinary demolition agents such as explosives and dangerous materials. It does not cause any explosion, noise, ground vibration, gas, dust or any other environmental pollution when used properly. It is a non-toxic powder consisting of oxides of calcium, silicon and aluminum. The chemical composition of Crack Powder is a powder consisting of an inorganic compound made mainly of a special kind of silicate and an organic compound. Crack Powder does not contain any harmful components. It provides the most technically suitable and cost-effective solution in restricted demolition of rock and concrete structures where nearby structures must be protected from shock waves generated by explosives. Explosives are expensive due to long operating times, special transport, storage and handling precautions, and the need to comply with public safety regulations. As requirements for demolishing rock and reinforced concrete in construction increase in tight quarters, the use of explosives and explosive agents is becoming more restricted as far as safety and environmental pollution problems are concerned. Crack Powder is the solution. Marble, granite, limestone, plain concrete, reinforced concrete, boulders, and ledge are fractured overnight without noise, vibration, or flying debris. DIFFERENT NAMES FOR NON-EXPLOSIVE DEMOLITION POWDER Silent Demolition Chemical Silent Blasting Chemical Concrete Breaking
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Using Marble Powder in Concrete Mixes on the Behavior and Strength of R.C. Slabs
    International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology ISSN 2277 - 4106 © 2013 INPRESSCO. All Rights Reserved. Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Effect of using Marble Powder in Concrete Mixes on the Behavior and Strength of R.C. Slabs Noha M. SolimanȦ* ȦDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, EGYPT Accepted 26 November 2013, Available online 01 December 2013, Vol.3, No.5 (December 2013) Abstract In recent years Marble is considered one of the most important decorative building materials. Marble powder is one of the materials which severalty affects the environment and health problems. It is produced from sawing, shaping, and polishing process. This research aims to study the effect of using marble powder as partially replace of cement on the properties of concrete. The influence of using marble powder on the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs is also investigated. The main variable taken into consideration is the percentage of marble powder as partial replacement of cement content in concrete mixes. The experimental results showed that, using definite amount of marble powder replacement of cement content increases the workability, compressive strength and tensile strength. Using marble powder enhanced also the structural performance of the tested slabs as it increased the stiffness and the ultimate strength compared to the control slabs. Keywords: Marble, Powder, Concrete, Flexural Strength, Hardness, Reinforced Concrete Slabs 1. Introduction Using of marble powder in the concrete has not found adequate attention. Characterization of marble powder 1 Marble is one of the most important materials used in used in mortar and concrete were extensively investigated buildings since ancient times, especially for decorative [Corinaldesi V.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Stoneworkers in America – Stonemasonry in Curitiba, Paraná (Brazil)
    Italian stoneworkers in America – stonemasonry in Curitiba, Paraná (Brazil) Antonio Liccardo & Carlos Alberto Pereira Universidade Federal do Paraná and Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto - Brazil Interfaces of stonemasonry research • History • Culture • Geology • Mineral extraction • Mining engineering • Geography Stonemasonry technique is an ancient craft which came to Brazil from Europe with Portuguese and Spanish settlers. In Curitiba has also been developed through Italian colonization, producing stone works for pavements, walls, fountains, landmarks and monuments. Stonemasonry is considered to be an activity which is declining to extinction. Curitiba presents, besides countless works constructed with this technique, stonemason-artisans still in activity. Curitiba – most european of brazilian capitals • Curitiba is a city with about 2 million people, located in Southern Brazil • It was founded in 1693, but its development as a modern city began at the end of the 19th century because of geopolitical factors, and coincided with the beginning of the immigration Italian migration to Brazil • Italian immigration in Brazil occurred from 1860 until the 1940s • From 1875 until 1895 the migration of workers connected to urban services started, as builders, potters and, among them, stonemasons Greca family working stones in 1894 Researches about italian emigration show an exodus of stonemasons and stoneworkers in cities known for this activity, mainly in the Veneto region. Italian descendants working granite – Curitiba - 1928 General geology
    [Show full text]