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Effect of Using Marble Powder in Concrete Mixes on the Behavior and Strength of R.C. Slabs

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Effect of Using Marble Powder in Concrete Mixes on the Behavior and Strength of R.C. Slabs International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology ISSN 2277 - 4106 © 2013 INPRESSCO. All Rights Reserved. Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Research Article Effect of using Marble Powder in Concrete Mixes on the Behavior and Strength of R.C. Slabs Noha M. SolimanȦ* ȦDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, EGYPT Accepted 26 November 2013, Available online 01 December 2013, Vol.3, No.5 (December 2013) Abstract In recent years Marble is considered one of the most important decorative building materials. Marble powder is one of the materials which severalty affects the environment and health problems. It is produced from sawing, shaping, and polishing process. This research aims to study the effect of using marble powder as partially replace of cement on the properties of concrete. The influence of using marble powder on the behavior of reinforced concrete slabs is also investigated. The main variable taken into consideration is the percentage of marble powder as partial replacement of cement content in concrete mixes. The experimental results showed that, using definite amount of marble powder replacement of cement content increases the workability, compressive strength and tensile strength. Using marble powder enhanced also the structural performance of the tested slabs as it increased the stiffness and the ultimate strength compared to the control slabs. Keywords: Marble, Powder, Concrete, Flexural Strength, Hardness, Reinforced Concrete Slabs 1. Introduction Using of marble powder in the concrete has not found adequate attention. Characterization of marble powder 1 Marble is one of the most important materials used in used in mortar and concrete were extensively investigated buildings since ancient times, especially for decorative [Corinaldesi V. et al (2010)]. The effect and usage of purposes. However its powder has bad effects on the limestone as an additive in cement and concrete were environment, soil, water and health problems. Marble investigated by several researchers in recent years. The powder is produced from processing plants sawing and higher amount of waste marble powder (WMP) additive polishing of marble blocks. Some factories have water the longer the setting times and the lower the strength of recycling plants containing flocculation tank and filter the specimens for different curing periods [Corinaldesi V. press unit. About 25% of the processed marble is turn into et al (2010), Kristulovic P. et al (1994), Opaczky L. dust or powder form. About 7,000,000 tons of marble have (1993) and Turker P. et al (2002)]. been produced in the world. Disposal of the marble Mechanical properties of concrete mixtures containing powder material of the marble industry is one of the marble dusts and limestone dusts were studied [Binici H. environmental problems worldwide today. [Celik MY and et al (2007)]. The test results exhibited that there were Sabah E. (2008) and Alyamac KE and Ince R.(2009)] clear increases of the compressive strength, abrasion The refining of some fresh and hardened properties of resistance, and sodium sulfate resistance with the concrete is successfully and economically achieved by increasing amount of marble dust. Furthermore, the use of utilizing and using some admixture materials such as marble and granite waste aggregates for the production of mineral additions such as fly ash, silica fume, and marble concrete were investigated and proved that they could be powder. Several researches studied the influence of using used to improve the mechanical properties, workability fly ash and silica fume on the properties of normal and chemical resistance of the conventional concrete concrete, high strength concrete and self-compact mixtures [Binici H. et al (2007) and Binici H. et al concrete. The influence of mineral additions on the (2008)]. The effects of using dolomite and waste marble rheology of self-compacting concrete was also studied [V. powder as partial replacement of cement on the Corinaldesi and G. Moriconi(2003)]. mechanical properties of concrete was investigated [Ali In recent years many researches proved that mineral Ergun (2011)]. Test results indicated that the optimize admixtures can be successfully and economically utilized amount of dolomite and WMP as replacement by weight to improve some fresh and hardened concrete properties. of cement had the best compressive and flexural strengths. Mineral additions in general influence the performance of fresh concrete and mortar. Therefore, a theological study *Corresponding author is working as Lecturer 1863 Noha M. Soliman International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, No.5 (December 2013) was carried out on various cement pastes prepared with 3.1 Materials marble powder in combination with cement [Corinaldesi V and Moriconi G. (2003), Corinaldesi V and Moriconi G. The fine aggregate used in the experimental program was (2004) and Naik TR. (2005)]. In particular, the goal was to of natural siliceous sand. Its characteristics satisfy the investigate the influence of marble powder on theological [(E.C.P. 203/2007) and (E.S.S. 1109/2008)]. It was clean properties of cement pastes for predicting the effect of its and nearly free from impurities with a specific gravity 2.6 addition on self-compacting concrete mixtures. The effects t/m3 and a modulus of fineness 2.7. of using natural pozzolana and marble powder on the fresh The coarse aggregate used was of crushed dolomite, and hardened properties of mortar self-compacting which satisfies the Egyptian Standard Specification concrete were investigated [Topcu IB. et al (2009), [(E.S.S. No. 1109\ 2008)]. Its specific gravity is 2.70 t/m3 Aruntas HY. et al (2007), Mehmet Gesog˘lu. et al (2012), and a modulus of fineness 6.64. The shape of these Guneyisi E. et al (2009) and A.S.E. Belaidi (2012)]. particles was irregular and angular with a very low percentage of flat particles. The delivered crushed 2. Research Significance dolomite size 1 had a maximum nominal size of 9.5 mm. The cement used was the Ordinary Portland cement, type The main objective of this research is to establish the (CEM (I) 42.5 N) produced by the Suez cement factory. effect of using marble powder on the properties concrete Its chemical and physical characteristics satisfied the mixes as well as its effect the behavior of R.C. slabs. The Egyptian Standard Specification [(E.S.S. 4657-1/2009)]. main variable taken into considered in this study was the The water used was clean drinking fresh water free from percentage of replacement of the cement content by impurities used for concrete mixing and curing the plain marble powder on the concrete mixes concrete specimens and the R.C. slabs. It was tested according to the [(E.C.P. 203/2007)]. 3. Experimental The marble powder used was obtained from the processing plants out of sawing and polishing of marble The experimental program conducted in this study was blocks. Marble powder is brought Egyptian factories of performed in the laboratory of testing of building materials marble company. Marble is product from Shak El Taban, at the Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Cairo, Egypt. Its physical properties and Chemical Egypt. Cubes 10x 10 x10 cm, cylinders 10x20 cm and analysis is shown in table (1) and these properties with beams 10x10x40 cm. were caste and tested to determine [Omar M.O. et al (2012)]. the slump, compressive, indirect tensile and modulus of elasticity of the concrete using marble powder as the Table 1: Chemical and Physical Properties of Marble replacement of cement content with different ratios as Powder. shown in table (2) . The flow chart of the experimental program is shown Chemical Physical in figure (1). Four R.C. slabs with dimensions of 5x 40 Chemical Test Physical Properties Test Results x115 cm were cast and tested in this research as shown in SiO2Properties 13.8Results Loss of ignition 43.63 Fig.(2) and table (2). They were designed according to CaO 43.2 Specific gravity 2.63 3 Egyptian code of practice [(E.C.P. 203/2007)]. MgO 2.70 Fineness( gm./cm (kg/ ) m2) 350 Al2O3 2.50 Color Light gray Fe2O3 1.9 Water absorption 0.97 % SO3 0.07 K2O 0.60 CL 0.03 Na2O 0.90 Super plasticizer used was a high rang water reducer HRWA. It was used to improve the workability of the mix. The admixture used was produced by CMB GROUP under the commercial name of Addicrete BVF. It meets the requirements of [ASTM C494-2003 (type A and F)]. The admixture is a brown liquid having a density of 1.18 kg/litre at room temperature. The amount of HRWA was 1.0 % of the cement weight. Mild steel bars used were produced from the Ezz Al Dekhila Steel, Alexandria. Its chemical and physical characteristics satisfy the Egyptian Standard Specification [(E.S.S. 262/2011)]. Mild steel bars (nominal diameters 6 and 8 mm) were used in reinforcing all the concrete slabs. There yield stress was 240 MPa and there tensile strength Figure 1: Flow Chart of the Experimental Work Program was 350 MPa. 1864 Noha M. Soliman International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, Vol.3, No.5 (December 2013) 3.2 Concrete Investigation prepared steel cage is carefully placed in the wooden mold after oiling its surface. The molds with the steel cages Eighteen concrete mixes were investigated containing were placed on a vibration table at a low speed, while the marble powder as replacement of cement with different concrete was poured. After casting the specimens were percentage ratio of (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5 and covered with wet burlap in the laboratory at 24oC and a 20%). The effect of the partial replacement of cement with relative humidity of 68%. The specimens were demolded marble powder on the consistency of the concrete mixes after 2 days and covered with damp cloth for 14 days and was studied by slump test.
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