DOCSLIB.ORG

DE DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE. Présentée Et Soutenue Par Vincent GAIN Le 03/07/2014 À Nantes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
DE DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE. Présentée Et Soutenue Par Vincent GAIN Le 03/07/2014 À Nantes UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES UFR SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES ET BIOLOGIQUES ANNÉE 2013/2014 N° 079 THÈSE pour l'obtention du DIPLÔME D’ÉTAT DE DOCTEUR EN PHARMACIE. Présentée et soutenue par Vincent GAIN le 03/07/2014 à Nantes. Dispensation à l’officine des médicaments vétérinaires destinés aux bovins : contexte, spécificités et place du pharmacien. Directeur de thèse : Mr Fabrice PAGNIEZ Membres du jury Mme GAUTIER Hélène Maître de Conférences en Pharmacie Galénique, Nantes Président. Mme Fabrice PAGNIEZ Maître de Conférences en Parasitologie, Nantes Directeur de thèse. Mme ROUSSEAU Pascale Docteur en pharmacie, Nantes. 1 Remerciements: A MES JUGES, Madame Hélène GAUTIER Maitre de conférences en Pharmacie Galénique. Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique Faculté de Pharmacie de Nantes Vous m'avez fait l'honneur d'accepter la présidence du jury de cette thèse. Sincères remerciements pour le temps que vous m'avez accordé. Monsieur Fabrice PAGNIEZ Maitre de conférences en Parasitologie. Servie de Parasitologie et Mycologie médicale Faculté de Pharmacie de Nantes Vous m'avez accompagné dans ce travail par votre aide et vos précieux conseils. Soyez assuré de mon profond respect. Madame Pascale ROUSSEAU Pharmacien d'officine à Ligné (44). Vous avez participé à ma formation depuis mon arrivée à Nantes et avez accepté de juger cette thèse. Hommages respectueux. 2 Remerciements: À tous ceux qui ont pris part à ce travail, de près comme de loin, À Clémence, À mes parents, À mon frère, À ma famille, À mes proches et amis, À mes compagnons à quatre pattes. 3 Dispensation à l’officine des médicaments vétérinaires destinés aux bovins : contexte, spécificités et place du pharmacien. 4 Sommaire: Remerciements: ......................................................................................................................... 2 Sommaire: .................................................................................................................................. 5 Liste des abréviations: ................................................................................................................ 8 Liste des figures: ......................................................................................................................... 9 Liste des tableaux: .................................................................................................................... 12 Introduction:............................................................................................................................. 15 1. Organisation et enjeux de la politique sanitaire dans les élevages français et présentation des spécificités du médicament vétérinaire, sa législation, son circuit, son économie et ses caractéristiques: ............................................................................................ 16 1.1. Enjeux sanitaires et santé publique : ....................................................................... 16 1.1.1. L’organisation sanitaire en France : ................................................................... 17 1.1.2. Traçabilité, identification bovine et registre d’élevage : ................................... 23 1.1.3. Maladies animales réglementées :..................................................................... 25 1.2. Lutte contre l’antibiorésistance : le Plan écoAntibio 2017. ..................................... 29 1.2.1. Les indicateurs de la consommation d'antibiotiques: ....................................... 29 1.2.2. Les chiffres de la consommation d'antibiotiques: ............................................. 29 1.2.3. Principales résistances bactériennes en médecine vétérinaire: ........................ 31 1.2.4. Les antibiotiques critiques: ................................................................................ 35 1.2.5. Le plan écoAntibio 2017: .................................................................................... 36 1.3. De la conception à l’administration: le circuit du médicament vétérinaire : .......... 38 1.3.1. Définition du médicament vétérinaire: .............................................................. 38 1.3.2. Recherche et essais clinique. ............................................................................. 39 1.3.3. Autorisation de mise sur le marché: AMM et ATU: ........................................... 40 1.3.4. Production, distribution en gros, commercialisation et publicité. .................... 41 1.3.5. Les ayants droits de la dispensation du médicament vétérinaire : ................... 45 1.3.6. La pharmacovigilance. ........................................................................................ 46 1.4. Marché et économie du médicament vétérinaire. .................................................. 48 1.4.1. Présentation du Marché mondial et des grands laboratoires: .......................... 48 1.4.2. Répartition du marché français par classe de médicament, par domaine et par ayant droits: ..................................................................................................................... 49 1.4.3. Contexte et démographie des élevages en France : concentration, spécialisation et mondialisation. ...................................................................................... 53 1.5. Les utilisations du médicament vétérinaire : ........................................................... 55 5 1.5.1. Objectifs et domaines d'usages.......................................................................... 55 1.5.2. Classement des médicaments vétérinaires: ...................................................... 58 1.5.3. Aspect galénique : le matériel et les formes utilisées........................................ 60 2. Principales pathologies rencontrées dans les élevages bovins: ...................................... 73 2.1. Maladies faisant l’objet d’une réglementation, inscrites dans la liste des dangers sanitaires: ............................................................................................................................. 74 2.1.1. Le botulisme: ...................................................................................................... 74 2.1.2. La brucellose: ...................................................................................................... 76 2.1.3. L’encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine: ........................................................... 78 2.1.4. La fièvre Aphteuse: ............................................................................................. 81 2.1.5. La fièvre charbonneuse: ..................................................................................... 83 2.1.6. La fièvre catarrhale ovine (FCO): ........................................................................ 85 2.1.7. La fièvre Q: ......................................................................................................... 87 2.1.8. La tuberculose: ................................................................................................... 89 2.2. Maladies parasitaires des bovins: ............................................................................ 92 2.2.1. Maladies causées par des parasites internes: .................................................... 93 2.2.2. Plans de vermifugation des bovins et molécules utilisées. .............................. 103 2.2.3. Les affections dues aux parasites externes : .................................................... 107 2.3. Maladies et infections des voies respiratoires : ..................................................... 116 2.3.1. La broncho-pneumonie infectieuse enzootique (BPIE). .................................. 116 2.3.2. La rhinotrachéite infectieuse bovine (IRB). ...................................................... 119 2.3.3. Strongylose respiratoire ou dictyocaulose. ...................................................... 122 2.4. Pathologies digestives des bovins : ........................................................................ 122 2.4.1. Complexe diarrhée virale bovine / maladie des muqueuses (BVD-MD). ........ 122 2.4.2. Les entérotoxémies. ......................................................................................... 125 2.4.3. La paratuberculose ou entérite paratuberculeuse. ......................................... 128 2.4.4. Les salmonelloses. ............................................................................................ 130 2.4.5. L’ingestion de corps étrangers. ........................................................................ 132 2.4.6. Intoxications par des végétaux......................................................................... 133 2.5. Affections rencontrées chez les jeunes bovins : .................................................... 136 2.5.1. Les entéropathies diarrhéiques des veaux....................................................... 136 2.5.2. Les affections ombilicales: ............................................................................... 138 2.6. Pathologies fréquemment rencontrées dans les élevages laitiers : ...................... 139 2.6.1. La fièvre de lait ou fièvre vitulaire: .................................................................. 139 6 2.6.2. Les affections de la mamelle : les mammites. ................................................. 141 3. De la prescription à la délivrance du médicament vétérinaire : la place du pharmacien d’officine. ................................................................................................................................ 144 3.1. Prérequis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Comparative Efficacies of Commercially Available Benzimidazoles Against Pseudodactylogyrus Infestations in Eels
    DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Published October 4 Dis. aquat. Org. l Comparative efficacies of commercially available benzimidazoles against Pseudodactylogyrus infestations in eels ' Department of Fish Diseases, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark Department of Pharmacy, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Biilowsvej. DK-1870 Frederiksberg C,Denmark ABSTRACT: The antiparasitic efficacies of 9 benzimidazoles in commercially avalable formulations were tested (water bath treatments) on small pigmented eels Anguilla anguilla, expenmentally infected by 30 to 140 specimens of Pseudodactylogyrus spp. (Monogenea).Exposure time was 24 h and eels were examined 4 to 5 d post treatment. Mebendazole (Vermox; 1 mg 1-') eradicated all parasites, whereas luxabendazole (pure substance) and albendazole (Valbazen) were 100 % effective only at a concen- tration of 10 mg I-'. Flubendazole (Flubenol), fenbendazole (Panacur) and oxibendazole (Lodltac) (10 mg l-') caused a reduction of the infection level to a larger extent than did triclabendazole (Fasinex) and parbendazole (Helmatac).Thiabendazole (Equizole), even at a concentration as high as 100 mg l-', was without effect on Pseudodactylogyrus spp. INTRODUCTION range of commercially available benzimidazole com- pounds. If drug resistance will develop under practical The broad spectrum anthelmintic drug mebendazoIe eel-farm conditions in the future, it is likely to be was reported as an efficacious compound against infes- recognized during treatments with commercially avail- tations of the European eel Anguilla anguilla with gill able drug formulations. Therefore this type of drug parasitic monogeneans of the genus Pseudodactylo- preparations were used in the present study. gyms (Szekely & Molnar 1987, Buchmann & Bjerre- gaard 1989, 1990, Mellergaard 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Expert Review 2
    2021 Expert Committee on Selection and Use of Essential Medicines Application review I.1 Albendazole, mebendazole and praziquantel for the indication of treatment of (item number) taeniid cestode cysts Does the application adequately ☒ Yes address the issue of the public health ☐ need for the medicine? No ☐ Not applicable Comments: The larval stages of three taeniid cestode parasites, Echinococcus granulosus, Echinococcus multilocularis and Taenia solium, produce cysts in humans that are of medical relevance. The diseases caused by these parasitic cysts are called cystic echinococcosis (CE), alveolar echinococcosis (AE), and cysticercosis (being neurocysticercosis (NCC) the most common form) respectively, and they are recognised by WHO as neglected tropical diseases. NCC is mainly a disease of poverty that predominantly affects rural populations in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Access to diagnostic and treatment, to better manage epilepsy and other NCC is a challenge for the people affected in these communities due to the availability and costs of specialised diagnostic and care. Stigma and social discrimination also mean that many people try to “hide” the disease. Briefly summarize the role of the The only real options for treatment of CE are albendazole (ALB) and Mebendazole proposed medicine(s) relative to other (MEB). ALB is the drug of choice as it has better bioavailability. ALB is also preferred to therapeutic agents currently included in MEB, because MEB requires a higher dose and a higher pill burden, for example, an the Model List, or available in the adult patient would require 8 tablets/day of MEB compared with 2 tablets/day ALB. market. ALB and praziquantel ( PZQ) are the only drugs used for the antiparasitic treatment of NCC.
    [Show full text]
  • ALBENDAZOLE (Extrapolation to All Ruminants)
    European Medicines Agency Veterinary Medicines and Inspections EMEA/MRL/865/03-FINAL June 2004 COMMITTEE FOR MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR VETERINARY USE ALBENDAZOLE (Extrapolation to all ruminants) SUMMARY REPORT (3) 1. Albendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate, used for the treatment of gastrointestinal infestations with roundworms, lungworms and tapeworms and adult flukes of Fasciola hepatica. Albendazole is currently entered into Annex I of Council Regulation (EEC) No. 2377/90 in accordance with the following table: Pharmacologically Marker residue Animal MRLs Target Other active substance(s) species tissues provisions Albendazole Sum of albendazole Bovine, 100 µg/kg Muscle sulphoxide, ovine 100 µg/kg Fat albendazole sulphone 1000 µg/kg Liver and albendazole 2- 500 µg/kg Kidney amino sulphone 100 µg/kg Milk expressed as albendazole 2. In reviewing the availability of endo- and ectoparasiticides for sheep and goats, albendazole was considered for extrapolation from bovine and ovine species to all ruminants. The considerations and criteria leading to the identification of albendazole are described in the Position Paper Regarding Availability of Veterinary Medicines – Extrapolation of MRLs (EMEA/CVMP/457/03-FINAL). 3. The scientific justification for this extrapolation was assessed in accordance with the Notes for Guidance on Risk Analysis Approach for Residues of Veterinary Medicinal Products in Food of Animal Origin (EMEA/CVMP/187/00-FINAL) and on the Establishment of Maximum Residue Limits for Minor Animal Species (EMEA/CVMP/153a/97-FINAL). 4. In setting the ADI in the original assessment of albendazole, the data summarised on the paragraphs below were considered. 5. The mode of action of albendazole is by binding strongly with the tubulin in the cells of nematodes.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy and Tolerability of Quinacrine Monotherapy and Albendazole Plus Chloroquine Combination Therapy in Nitroimidazole-Refractory Giardiasis: a Tropnet Study
    Klinik für Infektiologie & Spitalhygiene Efficacy and tolerability of quinacrine monotherapy and albendazole plus chloroquine combination therapy in nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis: a TropNet study Andreas Neumayr, Mirjam Schunk, Caroline Theunissen, Marjan Van Esbroeck, Matthieu Mechain, Manuel Jesús Soriano Pérez, Kristine Mørch, Peter Sothmann, Esther Künzli, Camilla Rothe, Emmanuel Bottieau Journal Club 01.03.21 Andreas Neumayr Background on giardia treatment: • 1st-line treatment: 5-nitroimidazoles: metronidazole (1957), tinidazole, ornidazole, secnidazole • cure rate of 5NIs in 1st-line treatment: ~90% • in the last decade, an increase of 5NI-refractory giardia cases has been observed in travel medicine clinics across Europe: Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London: 2008: 15% --> 2013: 40% 70% of 5NI-refractory cases imported from India • 2nd-line treatment: effectiveness of a 2nd round with a 5NI: ~17% alternative drugs: albendazole, mebendazole, nitazoxanide, quinacrine, furazolidone, chloroquine, paromomycin 2012 TropNet member survey: 53 centres use 39 different treatment regimens, consisting of 7 different drugs in mono- or combination-therapy in various dosages and durations JC 01.03.21 Nabarro LE et al. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21:791-6. • by 2013, there were only 13 reports of 2nd-line therapy for giardiasis (8 case series, 5 individual case reports): n=110 Cure rates Albendazole 6/32 18.7% Paromomycin 5/17 29.4% Nitazoxanide 2/5 40.0% Albendazole + 5-NI 42/53 79.2% Quinacrine 19/21 90.5% Quinacrine + 5-NI 14/14 100% Quinacrine + Paromomycin 2/2 100% • 2013: TropNet "GiardiaREF" study kick-off: Study on efficacy and tolerability of two 2nd-line regimens in nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis: Quinacrine JC 01.03.21 Meltzer E et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Computational Studies of Drug Repurposing Targeting P-Glycoprotein Mediated Multidrug-Resistance Phenotypes in Agents of Neglect
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.12.147926; this version posted June 12, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Computational studies of drug repurposing targeting P- glycoprotein mediated multidrug-resistance phenotypes in agents of neglected tropical diseases Nivedita Jaishankar 1, Sangeetha Muthamilselvan 2, Ashok Palaniappan 1,2* 1 Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Post Bag No. 1, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk 602117. India 2 Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401. India * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Mammalian ABCB1 P-glycoprotein is an ATP- dependent efflux pump with broad substrate specificity associated with cellular drug resistance. Homologous to this role in mammalian biology, the P-glycoprotein of agents of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) mediates the emergence of multidrug- resistance phenotypes. The clinical and socioeconomic implications of NTDs are exacerbated by the lack of research interest among Big Pharma for treating such conditions. This work aims to characterise P-gp homologues in certain agents of key NTDs, namely (1) Protozoa: Leishmania major, Trypanosoma cruzi; (2) Helminths: Onchocerca volvulus, Schistosoma mansoni. PSI-BLAST searches against the genome of each of these organisms confirmed the presence of P-gp homologues. Each homologue was aligned against five P- gp sequences of known structure, to identify the most suitable template based on sequence homology, phylogenetic nearest neighbor, and query coverage.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths
    Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Helminths Contributors J. H. Arundel • J. H. Boersema • C. F. A. Bruyning • J. H. Cross A. Davis • A. De Muynck • P. G. Janssens • W. S. Kammerer IF. Michel • M.H. Mirck • M.D. Rickard F. Rochette M. M. H. Sewell • H. Vanden Bossche Editors H. Vanden Bossche • D.Thienpont • P.G. Janssens UNIVERSITATS- BlfiUOTHElC Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo Contents CHAPTER 1 Introduction. A. DAVIS A. Pathogenic Mechanisms in Man 1 B. Modes of Transmission 2 C. Clinical Sequelae of Infection 3 D. Epidemiological Considerations 3 E. Chemotherapy 4 F. Conclusion 5 References 5 CHAPTER 2 Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Human Populations C. F. A. BRUYNING A. Introduction 7 B. Epidemiological or "Mathematical" Models and Control 8 C. Nematodes 11 I. Angiostrongylus costaricensis 11 II. Anisakis marina 12 III. Ascaris lumbricoides 14 IV. Capillaria philippinensis 21 V. Enterobius vermicularis 23 VI. Gnathostoma spinigerum 25 VII. Hookworms: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus . 26 VIII. Oesophagostoma spp 32 IX. Strongyloides stercoralis 33 X. Ternidens deminutus 34 XI. Trichinella spiralis 35 XII. Trichostrongylus spp 38 XIII. Trichuris trichiura 39 D. Trematodes 41 I. Echinostoma spp 41 II. Fasciolopsis buski 42 III. Gastrodiscoides hominis 44 IV. Heterophyes heterophyes 44 V. Metagonimus yokogawai 46 X Contents E. Cestodes 47 I. Diphyllobothrium latum 47 II. Dipylidium caninum 50 III. Hymenolepis diminuta 51 IV. Hymenolepis nana 52 V. Taenia saginata 54 VI. Taenia solium 57 VII. Cysticercosis cellulosae 58 References 60 CHAPTER 3 Epidemiology and Control of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Domestic Animals J. F. MICHEL. With 20 Figures A. Introduction 67 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Assessing Prices, Availability and Affordability of Children's
    Study assessing prices, availability and affordability of children’s medicine in Chhattisgarh, India Part of the Better Medicine for Children project Authors Dr Antony KR Virendra Jain Puni Kokho Dr Kamlesh Jain The salient findings and views expressed in this report are solely those of the authors. Please direct correspondence to the authors: ([email protected], [email protected] [email protected], [email protected]). This publication does not necessarily represent the decisions or policies of the World Health Organization. ii Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... v Abbreviations ................................................................................................... vi Executive summary ......................................................................................... vii Medicine availability .............................................................................................vii Medicine costs ................................................................................................... viii Affordability of standard treatment regimens ........................................................... ix Price components survey ...................................................................................... ix Conclusion .......................................................................................................... x 1. Introduction .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Valbazen ® (Albendazole)
    ® (albendazole oral suspension) Broad-Spectrum Dewormer Oral Suspension for Use in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats for removal and control of liver flukes, tapeworms, stomach worms (including 4th stage inhibited larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi), intestinal worms, and lungworms in cattle and sheep and for the treatment of adult liver flukes in nonlactating goats Active Ingredient Albendazole ............................. 11.36% (equivalent to 113.6 mg/mL) 1 L/33.8 fl oz (1 qt 1.8 fl oz) Approved by FDA under NADA # 110-048 40029175 ® (albendazole oral suspension) Broad-Spectrum Dewormer Oral Suspension for Use in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats for removal and control of liver Indications: flukes, tapeworms, stomach worms (including 4th stage inhibited larvae of Ostertagia Cattle and sheep: Valbazen is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic effective in the removal ostertagi), intestinal worms, and lungworms in cattle and sheep and for the treatment and control of liver flukes, tapeworms, stomach worms (including 4th stage inhibited of adult liver flukes in nonlactating goats larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi ), intestinal worms, and lungworms as indicated below. Active Ingredient: Goats: For the treatment of adult liver flukes in nonlactating goats. Albendazole .......................................................... 11.36% (Equivalent to 113.6 mg/mL) Parasite Cattle Sheep Goats Adult Liver Flukes Fasciola hepatica Fasciola hepatica, Fascioloides magna Fasciola hepatica Heads and Segments Moniezia benedeni, M. expansa Common Tapeworm (Moniezia expansa), Fringed Tapeworm of Tapeworms (Thysanosoma actinioides) Adult and 4th Stage Brown Stomach Worm, including 4th stage Brown Stomach Worm (Ostertagia circumcincta, Marshallagia Larvae of Stomach inhibited larvae (Ostertagia ostertagi), marshalli), Barber Pole Worm (Haemonchus contortus), Small Worms Barber Pole Worm (Haemonchus Stomach Worm (Trichostrongylus axei) contortus, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthelmintic Resistance of Ostertagia Ostertagi and Cooperia Oncophora to Macrocyclic Lactones in Cattle from the Western United States
    Veterinary Parasitology 170 (2010) 224–229 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Veterinary Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/vetpar Anthelmintic resistance of Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora to macrocyclic lactones in cattle from the western United States M.D. Edmonds, E.G. Johnson, J.D. Edmonds ∗ Johnson Research LLC, 24007 Highway 20-26, Parma, ID, 83660, USA article info abstract Article history: In June 2008, 122 yearling heifers with a history of anthelmintic resistance were obtained Received 15 October 2009 from pastures in northern California and transported to a dry lot facility in southwest- Received in revised form 28 January 2010 ern Idaho, USA. Fifty heifers with the highest fecal egg counts were selected for study Accepted 24 February 2010 enrollment. Candidates were equally randomized to treatment with either injectable iver- mectin (Ivomec®, Merial, 0.2 mg kg−1 BW), injectable moxidectin (Cydectin®, Fort Dodge, Keywords: 0.2 mg kg−1 BW), oral fenbendazole (Safe-Guard®, Intervet, 5.0 mg kg−1 BW), oral oxfenda- Anthelmintic resistance zole (Synanthic®, Fort Dodge, 4.5 mg kg−1 BW), or saline. At 14 days post-treatment, Cattle Bovine nematodes were recovered from the abomasum, small intestine, and large intestine. Par- Nematodes asitism was confirmed in the control group when 10/10 animals were infected with Efficacy adult Ostertagia ostertagi and 9/10 animals with both developing and early L4 stages of Cooperia O. ostertagi. Similarly, 9/10 animals were parasitized with adult Cooperia spp. Fenbenda- Ostertagia zole and oxfendazole efficacy verses controls were >90% against adult Cooperia spp., while moxidectin caused an 88% parasite reduction post-treatment (P < 0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2012/148799 Al 1 November 2012 (01.11.2012) P O P C T
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2012/148799 Al 1 November 2012 (01.11.2012) P O P C T (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 9/107 (2006.01) A61K 9/00 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A 61 47/10 (2006.0V) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, (21) International Application Number: DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, PCT/US2012/034361 HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, (22) International Filing Date: KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, 20 April 2012 (20.04.2012) MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SC, SD, (25) Filing Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, (26) Publication Language: English TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 61/480,259 28 April 201 1 (28.04.201 1) US kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): BOARD UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, OF REGENTS, THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYS¬ TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, TEM [US/US]; 201 West 7th St., Austin, TX 78701 (US).
    [Show full text]
  • Modelling for Taenia Solium Control
    PolicyPolicy & practice & practice Modelling for Taenia solium control strategies beyond 2020 Matthew A Dixon,a Uffe C Braae,b Peter Winskill,a Brecht Devleesschauwer,c Chiara Trevisan,d Inge Van Damme,e Martin Walker,f Jonathan I D Hamley,a Sylvia N Ramiandrasoa,g Veronika Schmidt,h Sarah Gabriël,e Wendy Harrisoni & Maria-Gloria Basáñeza Abstract The cestode Taenia solium is responsible for a considerable cross-sectoral health and economic burden due to human neurocysticercosis and porcine cysticercosis. The 2012 World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap for neglected tropical diseases called for the development of a validated strategy for control of T. solium; however, such a strategy is not yet available. In 2019, WHO launched a global consultation aimed at refining the post-2020 targets for control of T. solium for a new roadmap for neglected tropical diseases. In response, two groups working on taeniasis and cysticercosis mathematical models (cystiSim and EPICYST models), together with a range of other stakeholders organized a workshop to provide technical input to the WHO consultation and develop a research plan to support efforts to achieve the post-2020 targets. The workshop led to the formation of a collaboration, CystiTeam, which aims to tackle the population biology, transmission dynamics, epidemiology and control of T. solium through mathematical modelling approaches. In this paper, we outline developments in T. solium control and in particular the use of modelling to help achieve post-2020 targets for control of T. solium. We discuss the steps involved in improving confidence in the predictive capacities of existing mathematical and computational models on T.
    [Show full text]
  • Albendazole: a Review of Anthelmintic Efficacy and Safety in Humans
    S113 Albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans J.HORTON* Therapeutics (Tropical Medicine), SmithKline Beecham International, Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom TW8 9BD This comprehensive review briefly describes the history and pharmacology of albendazole as an anthelminthic drug and presents detailed summaries of the efficacy and safety of albendazole’s use as an anthelminthic in humans. Cure rates and % egg reduction rates are presented from studies published through March 1998 both for the recommended single dose of 400 mg for hookworm (separately for Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale when possible), Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis and, in separate tables, for doses other than a single dose of 400 mg. Overall cure rates are also presented separately for studies involving only children 2–15 years. Similar tables are also provided for the recommended dose of 400 mg per day for 3 days in Strongyloides stercoralis, Taenia spp. and Hymenolepis nana infections and separately for other dose regimens. The remarkable safety record involving more than several hundred million patient exposures over a 20 year period is also documented, both with data on adverse experiences occurring in clinical trials and with those in the published literature and\or spontaneously reported to the company. The incidence of side effects reported in the published literature is very low, with only gastrointestinal side effects occurring with an overall frequency of just "1%. Albendazole’s unique broad-spectrum activity is exemplified in the overall cure rates calculated from studies employing the recommended doses for hookworm (78% in 68 studies: 92% for A. duodenale in 23 studies and 75% for N.
    [Show full text]