Hazard Mitigation Plan 2011-2016

MARATHON COUNTY

HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN 2011-2016

PREPARED BY MARATHON COUNTY EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT 06/13/2011

MARATHON COUNTY HAZARD MITIGATION PLAN

CHAPTER 1 PLANNING PROCESS ...... 6

1.1 PLAN INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1.2 DISASTER MITIGATION ACT OF 2000 ...... 7 1.3 PLANNING PROCESS ...... 7 1.4 COMMITTEES ...... 7 1.4.1 Environmental Resources Committee ...... 8 1.4.2 Marathon County Metropolitan Planning Commission ...... 8 1.4.3 Local Emergency Planning Committee ...... 9 1.4.4 Public Safety Committee ...... 10 1.5 INVOLVEMENT FROM LOCAL GOVERNMENTS ...... 11 1.6 NEIGHBORING COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT ...... 13 1.7 LOCAL AND REGIONAL AGENCY INVOLVEMENT ...... 13 1.8 NEWSLETTER ARTICLES ...... 14 1.9 PUBLIC REVIEW PROCESS ...... 14 1.10 INCORPORATED TECHNICAL DATA ...... 15 1.11 PLANNING MECHANISMS INCORPORATING HAZARD MITIGATION ...... 15 1.12 CONTACT INFORMATION ...... 16 CHAPTER 2 PLANNING AREA ...... 17

2.1 GENERAL GEOGRAPHY ...... 17 2.1.1 Location ...... 17 2.1.2 Civil Divisions ...... 18 2.2 DEMOGRAPHIC AND ECONOMIC PROFILE ...... 20 2.2.1 Current Population Trends ...... 20 2.2.2 Population Forecasts ...... 23 2.2.3 Minority Population ...... 23 2.2.4 Employment ...... 24 2.3 GENERAL LAND USE/DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS ...... 26 Current Pattern of Land Use ...... 26 2.3.1 Barren ...... 28 2.3.2 Commercial ...... 28 2.3.3 Cropland ...... 28 2.3.4 Forest Land ...... 28 2.3.5 Industrial ...... 29 2.3.6 Multi-family residential ...... 29 2.3.7 Other Agriculture ...... 29 2.3.8 Public/Quasi-Public ...... 29 2.3.9 Quarry ...... 30 2.3.10 Recreational ...... 30

2.3.11 Single Family Residential ...... 30 2.3.12 Specialty Crop ...... 31 2.3.13 Transportation ...... 31 2.4 NATURAL FEATURES/ENVIRONMENT...... 32 2.4.1 Rivers and Streams ...... 32 2.4.2 Lakes ...... 32 2.4.3 Wetlands ...... 33 2.4.4 Floodplains ...... 33 2.4.5 Parks/Wildlife Areas/Trails ...... 33 2.5 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ...... 36 2.5.1 Road Network ...... 36 2.5.2 Airports ...... 36 2.5.3 Rail ...... 36 2.5.4 Transit ...... 37 2.6 CRITICAL COMMUNITY FACILITIES ...... 39 2.6.1 Emergency Operations Center ...... 39 2.6.2 Communication Facilities ...... 39 2.6.3 Hazardous Materials Storage and Use ...... 39 2.6.4 Emergency Services ...... 40 2.6.5 Major Medical Facilities ...... 44 2.6.6 Corrections/Jail ...... 44 2.6.7 Utilities ...... 45 2.7 HISTORIC PROPERTIES AND DISTRICTS ...... 47 CHAPTER 3 RISK ASSESSMENT ...... 48

3.1 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND PRIORITIZATION ...... 48 3.1.1 Hazard Analysis ...... 48 3.1.2 Hazard Prioritization ...... 49 3.1.3 Hazard Events Historical Summary ...... 50 3.2 VULNERABLE STRUCTURES/FACILITIES ...... 51 3.3 VULNERABLE POPULATIONS ...... 51 3.3.1 Elderly and Disabled Populations ...... 51 3.3.2 Populations with Language Barriers ...... 51 3.4 VULNERABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT BY HAZARD ...... 51 3.4.1 HAZARDS OF LITTLE OR NO RISK ...... 51 Earthquake ...... 51 Land Subsidence ...... 52 Landslide ...... 52 3.4.2 POTENTIAL HAZARDS ...... 53 Winter Storms ...... 53 Tornadoes ...... 55 Flooding ...... 62 Dam Failure ...... 69 Fire ...... 70 Transportation Incidents ...... 75 Severe Thunderstorms ...... 82 Agricultural/Hydrologic Drought ...... 84

Hazardous Materials Incidents ...... 87 Groundwater Contamination ...... 90 CHAPTER 4 MITIGATION STRATEGIES ...... 98

4.1 ALL HAZARDS ...... 99 4.2 WINTER STORMS ...... 99 4.3 TORNADOES ...... 100 4.4 FLOODING ...... 100 4.5 FIRES ...... 101 4.6 TRANSPORTATION ACCIDENTS ...... 102 4.7 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCIDENTS ...... 102 4.8 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ...... 102 CHAPTER 5 PLAN MAINTENANCE AND ADOPTION PROCESS ...... 103

5.1 PLAN EVALUATION AND MAINTENANCE ...... 103 5.2 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ...... 105 5.3 PLAN COORDINATION ...... 105 5.4 PLAN ADOPTION ...... 106 APPENDIX A EMERGENCY GOVERNMENT HAZARD MITIGATION SURVEY ...... 107 APPENDIX B MARATHON COUNTY CRITICAL FACILITIES ...... 112 APPENDIX C MARATHON COUNTY RAILROAD CROSSINGS ...... 119 APPENDIX E SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION ...... 182 TABLES

Table 1-1 Environmental Resources Committee Members ...... 8 Table 1-2 Marathon County Metropolitan Planning Commission ...... 9 Table 1-3 Local Emergency Planning Committee Members ...... 10 Table 1-4 Public Safety Committee Members ...... 11 Table 1-5 Local Jurisdiction Involvement in Planning ...... 12 Table 1-6 Hazard Mitigation related Community Connection Articles ...... 14 Table 2-1 Geographical Size by Civil Division ...... 18 Table 2-2 Geographical Size by Civil Division ...... 21 Table 2-3 Community Demographics ...... 24 Table 2-4 Employment Statistics ...... 25 Table 2-5 Marathon County Land Use ...... 26 Table 2-6 Marathon County Rivers and Streams ...... 32 Table 2-7 Marathon County Power Plants ...... 45 Table 2-8 Marathon County Historic Places ...... 47 Table 3-1 Marathon County Hazard Analysis Results 2010 ...... 49 Table 3-2 Marathon County Hazard Events 1950-2010 ...... 50 Table 3-3 Tornados in Marathon County June 25, 1950 - July 31, 2010 ...... 58 Table 3-4 Marathon County Campgrounds...... 61 Table 3-5 Reported Floods in Marathon County 1994-2010 ...... 64

Table 3-6 Marathon County Repetitive Loss Structures ...... 66 Table 3-7 NFIP Compliance in Marathon County ...... 67 Table 3-8 Large Dams in Marathon County ...... 70 Table 3-9 Forest Fires in DNR Fire Districts in Marathon County 2005-2010 ...... 71 Table 3-10 Fire Danger: Communities-at-Risk and Communities of Concern ...... 73 Table 3-11 Summary of Motor Vehicle Crashes in Marathon County 1997-2008 ...... 76 Table 3-12 Highway-Rail Incidents in Marathon County 1999-2009 ...... 77 Table 3-13 Aviation Incidents in Marathon County 1994-2010 ...... 80 Table 3-14 Hazardous Materials Incidents in Marathon County 1990-2010 ...... 88 Table 3-15 Marathon County Public Water Systems ...... 93 Table 5-1 2011 Plan Update Summary ...... 104

FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Marathon Counties Geographical Location in Wisconsin ...... 17 Figure 2-2 Marathon County Land Use/Cover ...... 27 Figure 2-3 Marathon County Floodplain Areas ...... 34 Figure 2-4 Marathon County Recreation Areas and Parks ...... 35 Figure 2-5 Marathon County Regional Transportation ...... 38 Figure 2-6 Marathon County Law Enforcement Agencies ...... 41 Figure 2-7 Marathon County Fire Departments ...... 42 Figure 2-8 Marathon County Health Care Facilities ...... 43 Figure 2-9 Marathon County Jail - Adult Facility ...... 44 Figure 3-1 Graph of Hazard Analysis Results 2010...... 50 Figure 3-2 Earthquake Probability Map ...... 52 Figure 3-3 Wisconsin Karst Deposit Map ...... 52 Figure 3-4 Tornado damage Town of Reid- June 2007 ...... 57 Figure 3-5 Mobile Homes in Marathon County ...... 60 Figure 3-6 Flooding Town of Stettin September 2010 ...... 63 Figure 3-7 Marathon County Floodplain Areas ...... 68 Figure 3-8 Causes of Fires in Wisconsin ...... 71 Figure 3-9 Marathon County WIDNR Fire Districts ...... 74 Figure 3-10 Marathon County Railroad Crossings ...... 79 Figure 3-11 Wisconsin Palmer Drought Severity Index 1895-2010 ...... 86

Chapter 1 PLANNING PROCESS

This section of the Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan describes and documents the process used to develop the Plan. This includes how it was prepared and who was involved in the process, including participation by local governments. It also describes the time period in which the Plan was prepared, and who to contact to answer questions and make recommendations for future plan updates. 1.1 Plan Introduction Before assessing these characteristics of the plan it is important to understand the role of hazard mitigation in emergency management. The phases of emergency management are preparedness, response, recovery, and hazard mitigation.

Preparedness includes emergency plans, training, drills, and exercises that individuals, communities, and first responders participate in. These activities are designed to build confidence and test the skills and abilities of responders and the equipment they use to respond to emergencies.

Response is the short-term emergency actions taken to address the immediate impacts of a hazard.

Recovery is the longer-term process of restoring the community back to normal or pre-disaster conditions.

Hazard mitigation is defined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as “any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property from natural hazards”. Hazard mitigation is the preventative component of the responsibilities of Marathon County Emergency Management. Mitigation activities are actions that will prevent or eliminate losses, even if an incident does occur. Mitigation can reduce or eliminate the need for an emergency response and greatly reduce the recovery period.

The mitigation planning requirements of 44 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 201.6 (d) (44 CFR 201.6(d)) require that local hazard mitigation plans must be reviewed, updated to reflect changes in development, progress in local mitigation efforts, and changes in priorities, and reapproved every five years for local jurisdictions to be able to receive hazard mitigation funding. Thus, in December 2009, Marathon County began preparations for the update of the plan. The previous plan had been adopted in May 2006.

1.2 Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000

On October 30, 2000, the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K) was passed by the US Congress in an attempt to stem the losses from disasters, reduce future public and private expenditures, and to speed up response and recovery from disasters. This act (Public Law 106- 390) amended the Robert T. Stafford Relief and Emergency Assistance Act. The following is a summary of the parts of DMA2K that pertain to local governments:

The Act establishes a new requirement for local governments to prepare a Hazard Mitigation Plan in order to be eligible for funding from FEMA through the Pre- Disaster Mitigation Assistance Program and Hazard Mitigation Grant Program. The Act establishes a requirement that natural hazards such as tornados, floods and wildfires, need to be addressed in the risk assessment and vulnerability analysis parts of the Hazard Mitigation Plan. The Act authorizes up to seven percent of Hazard Mitigation Grant Program funds available to a state after a federal disaster to be used for development of state, local and tribal organizations Hazard Mitigation Plans. 1.3 Planning Process

In 2004 Marathon County Emergency Management (MCEM) initiated the Hazard Mitigation planning process by securing funding to complete the Plan. MCEM hired a consultant, URS, to author the Plan. MCEM and URS worked together to engage committees and community members in the planning process.

In 2010, Marathon County elected to complete the plan update utilizing Marathon County staff. The plan update was initiated by Marathon County Conservation Planning and Zoning (CPZ). CPZ applied for, and received funding through FEMA’s Pre-Disaster Hazard Mitigation program (FFY09) to complete the plan update. Staff from CPZ and Marathon County Emergency Management served as project managers for plan development.

Staff from Marathon County Conservation Planning and Zoning, Emergency Management and the Sheriff’s Department met with each community individually, identifying which portions of the plan required updating, changes and revisions. New information was sought to update data that had been included in the earlier plan. In some cases content was removed that was no longer pertinent.

1.4 Committees

The oversight committees were chosen based upon each committee’s mission and how it relates to hazard mitigation planning. Updates of the planning process were presented and each committee was asked to provide input. Some committees provided input to the planning

process. For example, during a meeting with Local Emergency Planning Committee the Solid Waste Administrator requested inclusion of the development of a debris management plan. Individuals from other counties also provided input.

1.4.1 Environmental Resources Committee Environmental Resources Committee mission statement: The Marathon County Environmental Resources Committee shall have the responsibility for providing education and leadership for reviewing, recommending and monitoring balanced policies, strategies and outcomes that protect and enhance natural and community resources through cooperation with all levels of government.

Membership: The Environmental Resources Committee is comprised of six (6) County Board Supervisors and one representative of the Town Associations of Marathon County appointed by the County Board Chairperson at the April meeting of the County Board in even numbered years.

The ERC meets as needed, usually monthly. Meetings are open to the public and are publicly noticed. Committee members are identified in table 1-1.

Presentations were given to the ERC regarding progress of the plan update, implementation, and recommendations on the following dates: 09/22/09 12/15/09 11/11/10 10/20/09 01/19/10 12/14/10 11/12/09 02/16/10 01/18/11

Table 1-1 Environmental Resources Committee Members

Member Residence Elroy Zemke, Chair Rothschild James Seefeldt, Vice-chair Wausau Laverne Grunenwald Wausau Ken Fable Schofield Alan Kraus Town of Day John Small Village of Marathon Marilyn Bhend, Citizen Member Town of Johnson

1.4.2 Marathon County Metropolitan Planning Commission Commission Purpose: The Commission shall be concerned with studies and recommendations relating to activities including but not limited to land-use; natural resources; utilities; and transportation systems within the metropolitan planning area.

Membership: The Commission consists of representatives of the metropolitan area (Cities of Wausau, Schofield, and Mosinee, Villages of Weston, Kronenwetter, and Rothschild, Towns of Rib Mountain, Wausau, Weston, Rib Mountain, Maine, Texas, Stettin, and Bergen). The

meetings are usually held monthly. All meetings are open to the public and noticed publicly. Members of the Commission are listed in table 1-2.

Presentations were given to the MPC regarding progress of the plan update, implementation, and recommendations on the following dates: 01/13/09 02/09/10 05/11/10 12/14/10 11/10/09 03/09/10 09/23/10 12/08/09 04/20/10 11/09/10

Table 1-2 Marathon County Metropolitan Planning Commission

Member Representing Robert Wiesman, Chair Marathon County James Tipple, Vice-Chair City of Wausau Mike Gebert Town of Bergen Betty Hoenish Town of Maine Ernest Walters Town of Mosinee Allan Opall Town of Rib Mountain Matt Wasmundt Town of Stettin Matthew Bootz Town of Texas James Riehle Town of Wausau Milton Olson Town of Weston Judi Akey Village of Kronenwetter Neal Torney Village of Rothschild Fred Schuster Village of Weston Alan Erickson City of Mosinee Ken Fabel City of Schofield Daniel Grasser Wisconsin Department of Transportation

1.4.3 Local Emergency Planning Committee Each Wisconsin County is designated as an emergency planning district and has a Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) to administer the local hazardous chemical planning program under the Emergency Planning and Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), also known as the Community Right-To-Know Act.

The Marathon County LEPC includes representatives from the county departments of highway, sheriff, corporation counsel, solid waste, and health. Membership includes emergency response, operators of affected facilities, representatives of the medical field, and the American Red Cross. The County administrator appoints members. The Marathon County LEPC meets quarterly. The meetings are open to the public. LEPC members are listed in table 1-3.

Periodic presentations were given to the LEPC regarding the progress of plan update and implementation. The presentations occurred on September 9, 2010 and December 9, 2010.

Table 1-3 Local Emergency Planning Committee Members

Joe Baregi 3M Company Jerome Boettcher Marathon County Emergency Management Gary Buchberger Wausau Fire Department Don Cline Marathon County Labor Council Scott Corbett Marathon County Corporation Council Tamarah Cox (Chair) Aspirus Wausau Hospital Stephanie Duxbury-Weir Domtar Paper Gordy Gauger Kraft Foods Tom Grice Saint Clare’s Hospital Dale Grosskurth Marathon County Health Dept. Meleesa Johnson Marathon County Solid Waste David Mason Marathon County Communications Mark Pankow Wausau Police Department Scott Parks Marathon County Sheriff Department Bill Penker Community Service Bob Pound Maine Fire Dept. Roger Raasch Foremost Farms Dan Raczkowski (Vice-Chair) Marathon County Highway Department Rick Ryback Fiskars, Inc. Wendy Savage American Red Cross

1.4.4 Public Safety Committee Mission/Purpose: The Public Safety Committee shall provide leadership in recommending, reviewing, and establishing policies on all public safety issues within Marathon County.

Membership: The Public Safety Committee shall be comprised of seven (7) County Board Supervisors appointed by the County Board Chairperson at the April meeting of the County Board in even numbered years. The meetings are usually held monthly. All meetings are open to the public and noticed publicly. Members of the Commission are listed in table 1-4.

Presentations were given to the Public Safety Committee regarding progress of the plan update, implementation, and recommendations on the following dates: 02/10/10 07/14/10 12/08/10 01/12/11

Table 1-4 Public Safety Committee Members

Member Residence Jim Schaefer, Chair Wausau Karen Kellbach, Vice-chair Wausau Gina Cornell Wausau Sherry Abitz Wausau Jean Maszk Mosinee John Durham Mosinee Charles Soukup Mosinee

1.5 Involvement from Local Governments

This plan was prepared as a multi-jurisdictional plan. All local units of government in the County were encouraged to participate in the planning process. How each municipality participated is indicated in Appendix D.

In October 2009, presentations on Hazard Mitigation Planning were given at both the Eastern and Western Marathon County Towns and Villages Association.

An initial kick-off meeting was held on November 18, 2009. Officials from all Marathon County communities were invited to attend. The purpose of the meeting was to explain hazard mitigation planning, establish the planning process and timeline, and explain the process of plan adoption by the local units of government (cities and villages).

In January of 2010 all Marathon County communities were asked to complete a survey. The survey requested information about structures, critical facilities, plans for annexation, water facilities, gas and oil pipelines, and mitigation strategies completed in the past 5 years. The survey is included in Appendix A. The following communities participated in the survey: the towns of Berlin, Bern, Brighton, Cassel, Cleveland, Day, Easton, Frankfort, Franzen, Green Valley, Hamburg, Hewitt, Holton, Knowlton, McMillan, Maine, Plover, Rib Mountain, Ringle, Stettin, Texas, Wien and Weston, and the villages of Athens, Birnamwood, Brokaw, Edgar, Kronenwetter, Marathon Rothschild, Spencer, Stratford, Unity, and Weston, and the cities of Abbotsford, Colby, Marshfield, Mosinee, Schofield, and Wausau.

In April of 2010, Marathon County met with the communities on a one to one basis to seek additional input specific to the municipality. In many cases, communities have unique concerns. These concerns can be attributed to the geographical size and varied landscape of Marathon County. The meetings were held at locations around Marathon County and were used to work with each municipality individually. The following communities participated in the one-on-one meetings: the towns of Berlin, Brighton, Cassel, Day, Easton, Eau Pleine, Emmet, Frankfort, Franzen, Guenther, Halsey, Harrison, Hewitt, Holton, Johnson, Knowlton, Marathon, Rib Mountain, Rietbrock, Ringle, Spencer, Stettin, Texas Weston, and Wien, and the villages of

Athens, Brokaw, Elderon, Hatley, Kronenwetter, Marathon, Rothschild, Spencer, Stratford, and Weston and the cities of Mosinee, Schofield, and Wausau.

Some municipalities in Marathon County lie partially in adjacent counties. These include the Villages of Birnamwood, Dorchester, and Unity, and the Cities of Abbotsford, Colby, and Marshfield. The City of Marshfield, which resides partially in Wood County, has opted to participate in the Wood County Hazard Mitigation Process. The Village of Birnamwood, which resides mostly in Shawano County, is participating in the Marathon County hazard mitigation planning process. All Towns in Marathon County are included in the Plan. This is because the Towns are not required to adopt the Plan individually; rather they are covered by the County’s adoption of the Plan.

Table 1-5 Local Jurisdiction Involvement in Planning

Jurisdiction 2006 Involvement 2011 Involvement Mosinee (C) Yes No Yes No Wausau (C) Yes No Yes No Schofield (C) Yes No Yes No Athens (V) Yes No Yes No Birnamwood (V) Yes No Yes No Brokaw (V) Yes No Yes No Edgar (V) Yes No Yes No Elderon (V) Yes No Yes No Fenwood (V) Yes No Yes No Hatley (V) Yes No Yes No Kronenwetter (V) Yes No Yes No Marathon City (V) Yes No Yes No Rothschild (V) Yes No Yes No Spencer (V) Yes No Yes No Stratford (V) Yes No Yes No Weston (V) Yes No Yes No Bergen (T) Yes No Yes No Berlin (T) Yes No Yes No Bern (T) Yes No Yes No Bevent (T) Yes No Yes No Brighton (T) Yes No Yes No Cassel (T) Yes No Yes No Cleveland (T) Yes No Yes No Day (T) Yes No Yes No Easton (T) Yes No Yes No Eau Pleine (T) Yes No Yes No Elderon (T) Yes No Yes No Emmet (T) Yes No Yes No Frankfort (T) Yes No Yes No Franzen (T) Yes No Yes No Green Valley (T) Yes No Yes No Guenther (T) Yes No Yes No Halsey (T) Yes No Yes No Hamburg (T) Yes No Yes No

Jurisdiction 2006 Involvement 2011 Involvement Harrison (T) Yes No Yes No Hewitt (T) Yes No Yes No Holton (T) Yes No Yes No Hull (T) Yes No Yes No Johnson (T) Yes No Yes No Knowlton (T) Yes No Yes No McMillan (T) Yes No Yes No Maine (T) Yes No Yes No Marathon (T) Yes No Yes No Mosinee (T) Yes No Yes No Norrie (T) Yes No Yes No Plover (T) Yes No Yes No Reid (T) Yes No Yes No Rib Falls (T) Yes No Yes No Rib Mountain (T) Yes No Yes No Rietbrock (T) Yes No Yes No Ringle (T) Yes No Yes No Spencer (T) Yes No Yes No Stettin (T) Yes No Yes No Texas (T) Yes No Yes No Wausau (T) Yes No Yes No Weston (T) Yes No Yes No Wien (T) Yes No Yes No

1.6 Neighboring Community Involvement

Surrounding counties include Lincoln, Langlade, Shawano, Waupaca, Portage, Wood, Clark and Taylor. Contact was initiated with all surrounding counties. Taylor County is currently preparing their Hazard Mitigation Plan. Lincoln, Portage and Langlade Counties have an approved plan. Clark County and Wood County are currently updating their plans. 1.7 Local and Regional Agency Involvement

An additional requirement of the planning process was to involve local and regional agencies, as well as private, public, and non-profit interest, in hazard mitigation activities. Phone interviews were conducted during the update process. Participants included:

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wausau Area Metropolitan Planning Commission Marathon County Conservation, Planning and Zoning Wisconsin Emergency Management Wausau Power North Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Marathon County Public Safety Committee

1.8 Newsletter Articles

Community Connections is a periodic (quarterly) newsletter by the Marathon County Environmental Resources Committee and Departments. It is sent to the boards/councils and planning commissions/committees of all Marathon County municipalities, all county employees, local media sources, interested citizens, and is posted on the county website. Articles related to hazard mitigation planning and/or implementation is listed in table 1-5.

Table 1-6 Hazard Mitigation related Community Connection Articles

Article Title Publication Date National Flood Insurance Program January, 2009 Hazard Mitigation Planning January, 2009 Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRM) July, 2009 National Flood Insurance Program July, 2009 National Flood Insurance Program January, 2010 Emergency Management, Hazard Mitigation & NFIP January, 2010 Deadline for NFIP Participation is Near May, 2010 Wisconsin Emergency Highway Aids Programs October, 2010 Flood Damage In Marathon County October, 2010 Flood Damaged Structures in the Floodplain October, 2010

1.9 Public Review Process

The draft Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan was available for public review at public informational meetings held on September 20, 2010 and October 27, 2010. Both meetings were publicly noticed with several local media sources. During these meetings, a presentation was given on the planning process, information provided by local municipalities, the hazard analysis results, and next steps. Municipalities and private vendors participated in the meetings.

Due to a small response related to Hazard Analysis, it was recommended by participants in the public review process that an online survey be published for the public to give their opinion of the possible threats to Marathon County. A survey was created and was distributed via email and made available on the Marathon County Website as well as the Marathon County Sheriff’s Department website. The data from this survey is included later in this document.

1.10 Incorporated Technical Data Eau Pleine Reservoir Emergency Action Plan – December 2003 Marathon County Emergency Operation Plan – April 2002 Marathon County Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan 2008-2013 Marathon County “County-Wide” Hazardous Materials Response Plan – September 2001 Marathon County Groundwater Protection Guide – 2001 Rothschild Hydroelectric Project Emergency Action Plan – Revised November 2003 Wausau Hydroelectric Plant Emergency Action Plan – December 1999 Marathon County Forest Comprehensive Land Use Plan 2006-2020 Marathon County Comprehensive Plan 2006

1.11 Planning Mechanisms Incorporating Hazard Mitigation

Marathon County Emergency Management utilizes a variety of response plans such as: Marathon County Emergency Operations Plan, 50 – 55 EPCRA Off-Site Facility Plans for facilities that meet the EPA’s ‘Planning Requirements’ for ‘Extremely Hazardous Substances’ or Sections 301-304 and Sections 311-312 of SARA Title III, the Strategic Plan/Hazard Analysis, Severe Weather, Shelter-in-Place and Evacuation Plans. These plans can be categorized into two basic types; plans that are used for direct emergency responses and plans that contain reference data. While the majority of Emergency Management’s Response Plans focuses on specific emergency responses and tactical objectives in the event of an emergency or disaster, other plans such as the Hazard Mitigation Plan focuses on strategic goals to reduce or eliminate the impact of the incident. These plans support and build on each other to prepare for (Preparedness) respond to emergencies and disasters (Response) implementing activities after the incident s’ initial response to return to a pre-incident status (Recovery) and to use planning activities, response and recovery efforts to reduce or eliminate the probability of a incident occurring (Mitigation).

As part of the process of updating the Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan, Marathon County conducted one on one meetings with all the local government (City, Village and Town) representatives to discuss the purpose of the Hazard Mitigation Plan, perform an individual risk assessments for each jurisdiction, and explain how this information can be used to develop both long-term and short-term planning strategies to reduce potential hazards both at the local level and by the County.

Every time an Emergency Management Plan is developed, updated or revised it should be referenced to the Hazard Mitigation Plan, or the Hazard Mitigation Plan referenced to the local ‘Plan’ to see if either of them need modification. Using this process, new hazards may be identified and or new strategies may be developed to eliminate or reduce risks.

1.12 Contact Information Jerome Boettcher, Planner Marathon County Emergency Management 500 Forest Street Wausau, WI 54403 Phone: (715)261-1222 Fax: (715)849-7788 [email protected]

Chapter 2 PLANNING AREA

Chapter 2 of the Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan provides demographic and geographic information for Marathon County. This information acts as a base for development of hazard mitigation strategies. 2.1 General Geography

2.1.1 Location Located in north central Wisconsin, Marathon County is the largest of the 72 counties in Wisconsin with an area of 1,584 square miles. Marathon County sits in the rolling plains and hills of north central Wisconsin. Marathon County is surrounded by the counties of Lincoln, Langlade Shawano, Waupaca, Portage, Wood, Clark and Taylor. In 1850 Marathon County was organized by action of the Wisconsin State Legislature. At that time Marathon County was heavily forested and only 500 residents called Marathon County “home”. During the 1850’s residents primarily made their living off of the vast timber resources. The City of Wausau was selected as the county seat. Today the Wausau metropolitan area is comprised of the communities of Brokaw, Weston, Schofield, Rothschild, Kronenwetter, Mosinee and the Town of Rib Mountain. In addition to these communities, there are nine other incorporated cities and villages and 41 unincorporated towns in Figure 2-1 Marathon Marathon County. Counties Geographical Location in Wisconsin Rib Mountain, located to the west of the Wausau metropolitan area, is the highest elevation in Marathon County and the third highest point in the State of Wisconsin. Rib Mountain has an elevation of 1,941 feet above sea level. The lowest elevation in Marathon County is at 1,100 feet above sea level and can be found at the southern end of Marathon County where the Wisconsin River flows into Portage County. The majority of the county’s topography ranges in elevation from 1,200 feet to 1,450 feet above sea level with a local elevation difference of less than 100 feet. The Wisconsin River bisects the County into two, fairly distinct halves. The eastern half of the County has retained a more wooded character while the western half contains large expanses of farmland. The Rietbrock Geographical Marker locates the center of the northern half of the Western Hemisphere. It is here that the 90th Meridian of Longitude bisects the 45th Parallel of Latitude, meaning it is halfway between the North Pole and the Equator and is a quarter of the way around the earth from Greenwich, England.

2.1.2 Civil Divisions There are 62 municipalities in Marathon County. These include 41 towns, 15 villages and six cities. Three cities (Marshfield, Abbotsford, Colby) and 3 villages (Birnamwood, Dorchester, and Unity) have populations that primarily reside in neighboring counties. These governmental units provide the basic structure of the decision-making framework. Marathon County has a total surface area of 1,584 square miles of which 31 square miles are water. The area and proportion of the county within each civil division are presented in the following table.

Table 2-1 Geographical Size by Civil Division

Name Square Miles Percentage of County Abbotsford 1.51 0.10% Athens 2.45 0.16% Bergen 34.89 2.21% Berlin 34.71 2.20% Bern 34.05 2.16% Bevent 42.72 2.71% Birnamwood 0.06 0.00% Brighton 34.26 2.17% Brokaw 1.20 0.08% City of Mosinee 8.68 0.55% City of Wausau 19.90 1.26% Cassel 33.07 2.10% Cleveland 30.51 1.94% Colby 0.90 0.06% Day 34.02 2.16% Dorchester 0.10 0.01% Easton 42.87 2.72% Eau Pleine 33.21 2.11% Edgar 1.67 0.11% Emmet 40.26 2.55% Fenwood 0.98 0.06% Frankfort 35.14 2.23% Franzen 36.54 2.32% Green Valley 35.18 2.23% Guenther 34.73 2.20% Halsey 33.16 2.10% Hamburg 35.34 2.24% Harrison 36.69 2.33% Hatley 0.98 0.06% Hewitt 43.48 2.76% Holton 34.55 2.19% Hull 32.63 2.07% Johnson 35.03 2.22% Knowlton 34.31 2.18% Maine 42.46 2.69% Marathon (town) 32.84 2.08% Marathon (village) 2.35 0.15%

Name Square Miles Percentage of County Marshfield 1.89 0.12% Mc Millan 34.32 2.18% Norrie 35.15 2.23% Plover 36.06 2.29% Reid 42.34 2.69% Rib Falls 35.75 2.27% Rib Mountain 25.72 1.63% Rietbrock 33.90 2.15% Ringle 42.18 2.68% Rothschild 6.91 0.44% Schofield 2.84 0.18% Stettin 36.69 2.33% Stratford 5.34 0.34% Elderon (town) 34.99 2.22% Mosinee (town) 38.43 2.44% Spencer (town) 31.68 2.01% Wausau (town) 32.21 2.04% Texas 44.89 2.85% Unity 0.67 0.04% Elderon (village) 1.13 0.07% Kronenwetter 52.04 3.30% Spencer (village) 1.97 0.12% Weston (village) 21.62 1.37% Weston (town) 8.89 0.56% Wien 31.61 2.00% Total 1,576.65

2.2 Demographic and Economic Profile

2.2.1 Current Population Trends To assess hazards, it is important to know where the population centers are in the County. Table 2-2 represents the population distribution across Marathon County. As is evident from the table, over half of the total population of Marathon County resides in the Wausau metropolitan area. From 2000 – 2010, the communities that experienced the most population growth (as a percentage growth) include the villages of Hatley, Kronenwetter, and Weston. This is likely due to the availability of undeveloped land and close proximity to the Wausau area. Several towns also experienced a high rate of growth in population, most of which are near either the City of Wausau (Ringle, Knowlton, Guenther) or Marshfield (Spencer, Wien). Others that experienced significant growth are the towns of Cassel, Cleveland, Guenther, Hewitt, Knowlton, Ringle, Spencer, and Wien.

Table 2-2 Geographical Size by Civil Division

%of county Municipality 2010 Estimate % of County Population %change (2000 - 2010) change population growth

Bergen 612 0.45% -0.5 -3 -0.03% Berlin 974 0.71% 9.8 87 0.79% Bern 603 0.44% 7.3 41 0.37% Bevent 1,219 0.89% 8.3 93 0.84% Brighton 618 0.45% 1.1 7 0.06% Cassel 962 0.70% 13.6 115 1.04% Cleveland 1,359 0.99% 17.2 199 1.80% Day 1,114 0.81% 8.9 91 0.82% Easton 1,140 0.83% 7.3 78 0.70% Eau Pleine 787 0.57% 4.9 37 0.33% Elderon 586 0.43% 3.4 19 0.17% Emmet 928 0.68% 10.2 86 0.78% Frankfort 705 0.52% 8.3 54 0.49% Franzen 522 0.38% 3.4 17 0.15% Green Valley 551 0.40% 7.2 37 0.33% Guenther 341 0.25% 12.9 39 0.35% Halsey 690 0.50% 7 45 0.41% Hamburg 972 0.71% 8.6 62 0.56% Harrison 454 0.33% 8.6 36 0.33% Hewitt 621 0.45% 13.9 76 0.69% Holton 932 0.68% 2.8 25 0.23% Hull 773 0.56% 0 0 0.00% Johnson 1,044 0.76% 5.1 51 0.46% Knowlton 1,917 1.40% 13.6 229 2.07% Maine 2,464 1.80% 2.4 87 0.79% Marathon 1,129 0.82% 4.1 44 0.40% McMillan 1,937 1.42% 8.2 147 1.33% Mosinee 2,314 1.69% 7.8 168 1.52% Norrie 1,060 0.77% 9.6 93 0.84% Plover 737 0.54% 7.4 51 0.46% Reid 1,286 0.94% 8 95 0.86% Rib Falls 985 0.72% 8.6 78 0.70% Rib Mountain 7,652 5.59% 1.3 96 0.87% Rietbrock 1,003 0.73% 8.2 76 0.69% Ringle 1,608 1.17% 14.2 200 1.81% Spencer 1,617 1.18% 20.6 276 2.49% Stettin 2,381 1.74% 8.7 190 1.72% Texas 1,763 1.29% 3.5 60 0.54% Wausau 2,276 1.66% 2.8 62 0.56%

%of county Municipality 2010 Estimate % of County Population %change (2000 - 2010) change population growth Weston 612 0.45% 19.1 98 0.89% Wien 812 0.59% 14 100 0.90% Athens 1,135 0.83% 3.7 40 0.36% *Birnamwood 16 0.01% 60 6 0.05% Brokaw 224 0.16% 109.3 117 1.06% *Dorchester 4 0.00% 0 0 0.00% Edgar 1,494 1.09% 7.8 108 0.98% Elderon 174 0.13% -7.9 -15 -0.14% Fenwood 148 0.11% -14.9 -26 -0.23% Hatley 537 0.39% 12.8 61 0.55% Kronenwetter 6,621 4.84% 23.3 1252 11.31% Marathon City 1,621 1.18% -1.2 -19 -0.17% Rothschild 5,384 3.93% 8.3 414 3.74% Spencer 1,976 1.44% 2.3 44 0.40% Stratford 1,593 1.16% 4.6 70 0.63% *Unity 190 0.14% -7.3 -15 -0.14% Weston 14,610 10.67% 21 2531 22.86% *Abbotsford 618 0.45% 13.6 74 0.67% *Colby 525 0.38% 14.1 65 0.59% *Marshfield 711 0.52% 70.5 294 2.66% Mosinee 4,227 3.09% 4 164 1.48% Schofield 2,306 1.68% 8.9 189 1.71% Wausau 40,700 29.74% 5.9 2274 20.54% 136,874 100.00% 11070 100.00% *Multiple Counties Source: Wisconsin Dept. of Administration

2.2.2 Population Forecasts The Demographic Services Center (Wisconsin Department of Administration) estimated the January 1, 2010 population of Marathon County at 136,874. This is an 8.8% increase since the 2000 Census. According to the Wisconsin Department of Administration, Marathon County is the tenth most populated county in Wisconsin. Projections to 2035 place Marathon County at the eleventh most populated county. It is predicted that growth around the Milwaukee and Chicago areas will push the populations of those surrounding counties ahead of others in the state. This will likely be due to people moving out of large cities and into smaller communities. Wisconsin’s growth is estimated to be 24% while projections indicate that the United States will see a total growth of 28% in the same timeframe.

Marathon County’s growth has been concentrated around the Wausau metropolitan area. Improvements to roadways along the I-39 corridor from the City of Wausau south to Portage County and east along STH-29 have been cited as factors related to this growth (United Way LIFE Report 2009-2011).

Census reports indicate that the percentage of the population in the 65 and older age groups will continue to increase not only in Marathon County but also across the state and the nation. The US Census Bureau predicts that by 2030, this group will comprise 21.2% of the total population in Marathon County.

2.2.3 Minority Population Marathon County has a high population of refugees from Laos, particularly in the metropolitan area. In the rural farming communities, there is a very high population of Hispanic or Latino immigrants. Minorities as a percent of the total population more than doubled from 3% in 1990 to 6.2% in 2000 and is at 6.5% as of the 2008 American Community Survey population estimate. These numbers do not take into account immigrants who have not registered with the US government or participate in the Census. It also does not factor an initiative that was undertaken in 2009 to bring approximately 500 refugees from Laos to Wausau.

The 2008 US Census population estimates that 7.6% of all Marathon County residents speak a language other than English as their primary language. Specific demographic information is contained in table 2-3.

Table 2-3 Community Demographics

Marathon County Wisconsin United States 2000 2009 % 2000 2009 2000 2009 Census Estimate Change Census Estimate Census Estimate 2000- Description 2009 5,363,67 Population 125,834 131,612 4.60% 5 5,654,774 281,421,906 307,006,556 Median Age (Years) 36.3 39.2 8.00% 36 38.4 35.3 36.8 Median Household Income $45,165 $49,674 10.00% $43,791 $49,993 $41,994 $50,221 Average Household Size 2.6 2.4 -7.70% 2.5 2.96 2.59 2.63 Speak Language other than English 7.40% 7.60% 2.70% 7.30% 8.30% 17.90% 20.00% Age Under 5 Years 6.40% 6.40% 6.90% 5 to 9 years 6.80% 6.20% 6.60% 10 to 14 years 6.20% 6.40% 6.70% 15 to 19 years 7.20% 7.20% 7.10% 20 to 24 years 5.90% 7.30% 7.00% 25 to 34 12.30% 12.50% 13.50% 35 to 44 years 12.90% 13.20% 13.60% 45 to 54 years 16.00% 15.50% 14.50% 55 to 59 years 7.10% 6.60% 6.10% 60 to 64 years 5.10% 5.30% 5.20% 65 to 74 years 7.20% 6.90% 6.80% 75 to 84 years 5.10% 4.50% 4.30% 85+ Years 1.80% 2.00% 1.80% Source: 2000 Census & the American Community Survey: 2009 Note: Comparisons of some data cannot be made from 2000-2009 due to changes in the survey questions. Data collected not comparable.

2.2.4 Employment The information listed in table 2-4 illustrates the “employed population” of Marathon County. Marathon County, along with the State of Wisconsin and the United States of America, is currently in a recession, which has dramatically affected the labor force. Even with the recession, there are currently more jobs in Marathon County today than there were in 2000. The majority of jobs in Marathon County are in the production of goods; trade, transportation and utilities and education.

Table 2-4 Employment Statistics

Aug Jul Aug Change from Previous 2010 2010 2009 month year Total Civilian Labor Force 73,296 73,726 74,931 -430 -1,635 Employment 67,299 67,600 68,328 -301 -1,029 Unemployment 5,997 6,126 6,603 -129 -606 Unemployment Rate 8.2% 8.3% 8.8% -0.1 -0.6 Total Nonfarm Wage & Salary Employment 66,200 66,300 67,600 -100 -1,400 Total Private 59,700 59,800 60,300 -100 -600 Goods Producing 17,900 17,900 17,800 0 100 Construction, Mining & Natural Resources 2,600 2,600 2,500 0 100 Manufacturing 15,300 15,300 15,300 0 0 Service Providing 48,300 48,400 49,800 -100 -1,500 Trade, Transportation & Utilities 14,100 14,200 14,600 -100 -500 Wholesale Trade 4,100 4,200 4,200 -100 -100 Retail Trade 7,900 7,900 8,200 0 -300 Transportation, Warehousing & Utilities 2,100 2,100 2,200 0 -100 Information 600 600 600 0 0 Financial Activities 5,600 5,600 5,700 0 -100 Professional & Business Services 4,000 4,000 4,200 0 -200 Education & Health Services 8,600 8,600 8,500 0 100 Leisure & Hospitality 5,700 5,700 5,600 0 100 Other Services, exc Public 3,200 3,200 3,300 0 -100 Total Government 6,500 6,500 7,300 0 -800 Federal Government 500 500 500 0 0 State Government 400 400 500 0 -100 Local Government 5,600 5,600 6,300 0 -700 Source: WI DWD, Local Area Unemployment Statistics and Current Employment Statistics programs

Major Employers in Marathon County include:

Aspirus Hospital St. Clare's Hospital Kolbe and Kolbe Millwork

Wausau School District Marathon Cheese Corp. Greenheck Fan Corporation

Liberty Mutual Insurance Co Foot Locker Corp. Services Apogee Wausau Group

North Central Health Care Facilities

2.3 General Land Use/Development Patterns

Marathon County is located in north central Wisconsin, where glaciers left behind rolling hills and valleys carved by abundant rivers and streams. The largest county in Wisconsin, encompassing 1,584 square miles, Marathon County was settled in the mid-nineteenth century to take advantage of its abundant pine forests. The Wisconsin River, which bisects the County, provided the waterpower necessary to haul and process the lumber. As the forests declined, Marathon County became a center for agriculture, specifically dairy production, and remains the number one ranking dairy producing county in Wisconsin.

Today, land use patterns in the County still reflect the original economic base, with farmland, woodland, and water-related resources covering much of the area. While most urban type development continues to concentrate in the Wisconsin River valley, changes in the agricultural economy and growing pressure for widespread residential development is slowly altering the land use pattern in rural areas across the County.

Current Pattern of Land Use To assess potential hazard risk, it is important to inventory and examine the County’s current land uses and patterns of development. This helps to identify areas that may be particularly vulnerable to hazards. Land use cover for the years 2000 and 2008 is shown in table 2-5 and illustrated in figure 2-2.

Table 2-5 Marathon County Land Use

2008 2000-2008 2000-2008 LAND COVER 2008 %OF 2000 GAIN/LOSS GAIN/LOSS CLASSIFICATION ACREAGE TOTAL ACREAGE (ACRES) (%) Barren 60,632 6.01% 49,561 11,071 22.34% Commercial 5,245 0.52% 4,310 935 21.68% Crop land 331,948 32.88% 352,841 -20,893 -5.92% Forest land 382,870 37.92% 384,549 -1,679 -0.44% Industrial 2,771 0.27% 2,499 271 10.85% Multi-family residential 886 0.09% 626 260 41.53% Other agriculture 104,123 10.31% 99,502 4,621 4.64% Public/quasi-public 2,240 0.22% 1,898 343 18.05% Quarry 3,674 0.36% 2,982 692 23.19% Recreational 2,495 0.25% 2,754 -260 -9.43% Single family residential 47,386 4.69% 41,179 6,207 15.07% Specialty crop 3,874 0.38% 5,857 -1,983 -33.85% Transportation 33,113 3.28% 32,167 945 2.94% Water 28,322 2.81% 28,824 -502 -1.74%

Figure 2-2 Marathon County Land Use/Cover

Following is a description of the major types of land cover that dominate the overall County landscape.

2.3.1 Barren Unused open land in wooded areas, along streams and roadsides. Acreage in the barren category increased by over 11,000 acres, over 22%, during the period from 2000 – 20008. This is likely due to the construction of the Weston/Arrowhead power line from Weston westerly across the county. In addition to the new power line, an existing power line in the eastern portion of the county was upgraded to a 345KV line, increasing the acreage of the power line easement to accommodate the larger poles.

2.3.2 Commercial Retail stores, taverns, restaurants, truck stops, gas stations, farm coops, farm implement dealerships, automobile dealerships, business offices, motels/hotels, telephone/gas companies, medical services, waste disposal. Most commercial activities are concentrated in the incorporated communities. From 2000 to 2008, commercial services increased by 935 acres, or almost 22%. Some of the more significant commercial growth areas occurred in northeastern Marshfield along the State Highway 97 corridor, Weston at the intersections of State Highway 29 and County Road X and County Road J, Brokaw along County Road WW west to County Road K, and in Rothschild near the I39/County Road XX intersection (also known as Cedar Creek area). Some commercial services are scattered in the rural areas of the county, including the Ringle landfill and private businesses.

2.3.3 Cropland Approximately 33% or 332,000 acres of the land base is in cropland. The majority of cropland is located in western Marathon County in large tracts and generally coincides with the soils most suitable for sustaining agriculture. Smaller tracts of farmland are scattered throughout eastern Marathon County. Cropland acreage decreased by approximately 6%, or 21,000 acres during the period of 2000 – 2008. It is likely that this is due to rural development. Road improvements have made it easier for residents to live in rural areas by providing an easy commute to job centers in the Wausau and Marshfield metro areas. Thus, convenient access to the urban area has increased demand in many historically rural towns for scattered low-density residential development. Additionally, several communities have increased the minimum lot size required to construct homes. This has resulted in larger tracts of land being converted to residential uses.

2.3.4 Forest Land Marathon County was once nearly completely covered in forest land. Today, the remaining larger segments are concentrated in the eastern half and along the northern border of the County. Approximately 38% of the County is forested. Table 2-5 shows a decline in forestland of roughly 1680 acres. Much of this is likely due to differences in mapping in 2000 vs. 2008. In 2000, small pockets of trees mixed in residential and other uses were identified as forest. While the land cover could be considered forestland, the land use is the underlying use of the land. In 2008, these areas were interpreted based on the underlying use. The remaining decline in forestland is likely due to rural residential development in areas that were previously

primarily large tract, single owner forestland and the clearing of forest land during the construction of the Arrowhead-Weston transmission line.

Ownership of forestland has changed considerably in recent years. Several industrial forest land holdings have been converted to smaller, individual private holdings. While much of this land continues to be enrolled in Wisconsin’s Managed Forest Law (MFL), it is likely managed less intensively for timber production.

Less than 8% of the forested land in Marathon County is in county forestland. The Marathon County Forest consists of nine forest units, totaling 29,853 acres. Harrison-Hewitt, Leather Camp, Kronenwetter, Nine Mile Forest, Ringle Marsh, Burma Road, Wisconsin River Forest, Elderon, and the Bern Wetland.

2.3.5 Industrial Saw/paper/lumber mills, industrial parks, trucking operations, and distribution centers. Industrial uses make up less than 1% of the land base in Marathon County. Most industry is located in the metropolitan area surrounding Wausau and in the outlying incorporated areas with sewer and water systems. During the period between 2000 and 2008, industrial land use increased by 11%, or 270 acres. Most of this can be attributed to in-fill in Marathon County’s 11 industrial parks. These parks are located in the cities of Mosinee, Wausau, Schofield, and Abbotsford and the villages of Weston, Rothschild, Marathon, Athens, Stratford, and Spencer.

2.3.6 Multi-family residential Multiple family structures with three or more households, condos, duplexes, and apartments There are very few multi-family residential structures outside of the incorporated municipalities. The vast majority of multi-families structures are in the Wausau metro area. Recent conversions of existing buildings into multi-family dwellings, as well as construction of new condominium and retirement facilities have increased the multi-family land base by 42% (260 acres) during the period of 2000 – 2008.

2.3.7 Other Agriculture Increasingly the communities along USH 51 have grown toward each other, and today function as a contiguous metropolitan area. Through the years, Wausau has expanded, mostly to the west into Stettin, along STH 29, in part to establish the Wausau West Industrial Park. Formerly rural communities on the edge of Wausau, such as Rib Mountain and the Village of Weston, have rapidly urbanized during the last decade. Recent improvements to the STH 29 corridor have also spurred development in communities south of the City of Wausau; effectively shifting the center of the metropolitan area to the south and east.

2.3.8 Public/Quasi-Public Schools, churches, cemeteries, town halls, fire departments, National Guard The 2,240 acres of public/quasi-public is scattered throughout Marathon County. Most of the increase in acreage from 2000 to 2008 can be attributed to the construction of the new Wausau East High School, expansion of the University of Wisconsin Marathon County, renovation/expansion of the Rib Mountain Municipal Center and construction of the Rib Mountain Fire Department on Hummingbird Road. 29

2.3.9 Quarry Mining operations, sand and gravel pits Geologically, Marathon County has been influenced by glacial deposits, Precambrian bedrock and to a limited extent, Cambrian bedrock. A diverse nonmetallic mining industry has developed to take advantage of these resources. Quarries tend to be concentrated near unique geologic features. Sand and gravel is mined primarily near the major rivers, the Wisconsin, Big Rib, Plover and Eau Clare and provides aggregate for the local ready mix and precast concrete industry. Granite gruss (rotten granite) of the Nine Mile deposit located in the Towns of Rib Mountain, Mosinee and Emmet has regional appeal as a landscaping material and it is used locally to surface driveways and secondary roads. 3M operates a rhyolite quarry north of Wausau that produces shingle aggregates that are used nationwide. Railroad ballast and architectural dimension stone mined in Marathon County are used throughout the Midwest. During the period from 2000 to 2008 the acreage of active quarries increased from 2883 acres to 3099 acres (7.5%). Most of this increase can be attributed to a generally favorable construction climate and major infrastructure projects during the time period.

2.3.10 Recreational Ball fields, golf courses, playgrounds, parks, trails, camp grounds, shooting ranges Marathon County has several privately owned golf courses and camp grounds, Athletic Park, which is home of the Wisconsin Woodchucks, 17 county parks, dozens of municipal parks, and two major trail systems. The majority of the recreational areas depicted on the land use map are golf courses, campgrounds, and the ski hill. County and municipal parks: Marathon County has 17 County parks that encompass 3,370 acres, of which Big Eau Pleine Park is the largest at 1,450 acres. There are dozens of municipal parks scattered throughout the county ranging in size from a fraction of an acre to in excess of 40 acres. Facilities and extent of development vary greatly.

State parks and wildlife areas: The 27,139-acre George W. Mead Wildlife Area, south of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir along the County’s southern border, is a major public open space in the towns of Green Valley and Bergen. The McMillan Marsh Wildlife Area, in the towns of Spencer and McMillan, carves out 4,172 acres along the Little Eau Pleine River. State- owned wildlife properties, as well as Rib Mountain State Park (1,182 acres) contribute large amounts of public open space in the County.

Trails: The Mountain Bay State Trail runs from Green Bay to Rib Mountain. The recent construction of a bicycle/pedestrian bridge connects the trail to Rib Mountain State Park. The Ice Age National Scenic Trail spans 1,000 miles, 35 of which cross eastern Marathon County and entering the Dells of the Eau Claire.

2.3.11 Single Family Residential One family structures, farm residences, mobile homes The land in single family residential use had increased by over 15% between 2000 and 2008. Some of this is attributed to differences in mapping, as discussed in the forestland section. The remaining increase in residential acreage is due to the trend towards larger lot size and the increase in population.

2.3.12 Specialty Crop Ginseng, orchards, vineyards, nurseries, groves Specialty crops cover less than 1% of the land base in the county. The market for these crops is specialized and tends to fluctuate from year to year. Although the acreage of specialty crops decreased by over 33%; the decrease is minimal when compared to the overall agricultural land base.

2.3.13 Transportation Airports, highways, road right-of-ways, railroads, logging roads The transportation system increased by 945 acres between the years 2000 and 2008. This is attributed to the construction of County Road R in Rib Mountain and the numerous interior street networks serving new residential, industrial, and commercial development.

2.4 Natural Features/Environment

2.4.1 Rivers and Streams The interconnected network of streams and rivers that cross Marathon a landscape of Marathon County is characteristic of a landscape influenced by glacial impacts. The primary rivers in Marathon County are listed in table 2-6. Table 2-6 Marathon County Rivers and Streams

Wisconsin River Flows north to south through the center of the county.

Big Rib River Flows north to south through the northwest part of the county to its confluence with the Wisconsin River along the south edge of the City of Wausau.

Eau Claire River Flows from the northeast part of the county south to its confluence with the Wisconsin River in the City of Schofield.

Big Eau Pleine River Flows north to south through western Marathon County to its confluence with the Wisconsin River in the City of Mosinee.

Little Eau Pleine River Flows west to east south of, and nearly parallel to the Big Eau Pleine River, to its confluence with the Wisconsin River in Portage County

Trappe River Flows east to west through northeaster Marathon County, entering the Wisconsin River in the Town of Texas.

Plover River Flows north to south through eastern Marathon County entering the Wisconsin River in the City of Stevens Point in Portage County.

Little Eau Claire River Slows northeast to southwest through eastern Marathon County.

Little Rib River Flows through northwestern Marathon County, entering the Big Rib River west of its confluence with the Wisconsin River.

Bull Junior Creek Flows through east central Marathon County, entering the Wisconsin River north of the City of Mosinee.

2.4.2 Lakes There are 202 lakes in the County, providing over 26,000 acres of water surface. Many lakes lie in kettle holes left by the retreat of glaciers. Seepage lakes are the most common type of lake in the county. These lakes do not have any surface outflow, but depend on underground movement of water through highly permeable glacial soils for drainage. Most lakes are quite shallow, with depths ranging from less than one foot to a maximum of 34 feet. The largest lakes in the county have been formed behind river dams, including the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir, Lake Wausau, Half Moon Lake and Lake Du Bay.

2.4.3 Wetlands Wetlands consist of transitional areas between uplands and open water. Wetlands perform important ecological functions such as flood retention and water quality improvements. Wetlands were severely impacted or destroyed by agricultural activities from the late 1940s through the 1970s. Wetlands in Marathon County are generally located adjacent to rivers, creeks and floodplains as shown in figure 2-2. Most are wooded, although other classifications of wetlands are found in Marathon County.

2.4.4 Floodplains Floodplains are low, flat, periodically flooded lands adjacent to rivers and lakes. These areas provide natural flood and erosion control as well as filtering surface water as it percolates through the soil, replenishing the groundwater. A 100-year flood is defined as a flood event that has a one percent chance of occurring in any given year. The area in the 100-year floodplain is mapped by FEMA and is shown in figure 2-3. Lands in the 100-year floodplain are regulated through floodplain zoning ordinances. Wisconsin Statute 87.30 and NR 116 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code require counties, cities and villages to regulate floodplains.

2.4.5 Parks/Wildlife Areas/Trails Marathon County has 17 County parks that encompass 3,370 acres, of which Big Eau Pleine Park is the largest at 1,450 acres. There are dozens of municipal parks scattered throughout the county ranging in size from a fraction of an acre to in excess of 40 acres. Facilities and extent of development vary greatly.

The 27,139-acre George W. Mead Wildlife Area, south of the Big Eau Pleine Reservoir along the County’s southern border, is a major public open space in the towns of Green Valley and Bergen. The McMillan Marsh Wildlife Area, in the towns of Spencer and McMillan, carves out 4,172 acres along the Little Eau Pleine River. State-owned wildlife properties, as well as Rib Mountain State Park (1,182 acres) contribute large amounts of public open space in the County.

The Mountain Bay State Trail runs from Green Bay to Rib Mountain. The recent construction of a bicycle/pedestrian bridge connects the trail to Rib Mountain State Park. The Ice Age National Scenic Trail spans 1,000 miles, 35 of which cross eastern Marathon County and entering the Dells of the Eau Claire. Recreational areas and parks are shown in figure 2-4.

Figure 2-3 Marathon County Floodplain Areas

Figure 2-4 Marathon County Recreation Areas and Parks 35

2.5 Transportation System

Well established and maintained transportation systems are essential for the safe movement of people and goods, and directly influences land use development patterns and economic development. Marathon County’s transportation system includes free-ways, state and county highways, local roads, airports, and rail. Marathon County’s transportation system is shown in figure 2-5.

2.5.1 Road Network Marathon County has one major east-west highway (State Highway 29) and one major north- south highway (I-39/USH 51). These highways intersect in the Wausau metropolitan area. STH 29 is designed as a freeway within the metropolitan area and an expressway with at-grade intersections in rural Marathon County. Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) has completed a STH 29 corridor preservation plan. The intent is to eliminate at-grade crossings and reduce access to meet freeway standards. STH 29 shares the US51 road segment between the STH29 East interchange located south of Wausau to the newly constructed STH29 West interchange located in Wausau. The combined USH51/STH29 section of freeway is the most heavily traveled section of highway in the county.

The major traffic generators in the county are located within the Wausau metropolitan area. Much of the remainder of the county consists of rural agricultural lands and small villages generally served by two-lane state and county highways and local roads. Local roads in villages are mostly paved, whereas local roads in rural towns include both paved and gravel roads.

2.5.2 Airports The two major airports that serve Marathon County are the Central Wisconsin Airport (CWA) located in Mosinee that provide passenger services with 3 main carriers, American, Delta, and United Airlines, as well as, private services and the Wausau Municipal Airport located in Wausau which provides only private services. There are also several small landing strips in the area that serve private pilots.

2.5.3 Rail The only active rail line through the Wausau metropolitan area runs along the Wisconsin River and I-39/STH 51 corridor. This Canadian National line runs north and south the length of the county. There is a rail yard in Mosinee that serves the Wausau Papers Mosinee Mill location and another rail yard in Wausau just north of the Schofield Industrial Park. A portion of the track connect to the east into the Village of Weston, and another portion branches off and runs parallel to STH 29 west of USH 51 and serves the Wausau West Industrial Park. .

Other rail facilities that run along the western edge of Marathon County include active routes connecting Marshfield and Spencer to Superior in northwest Wisconsin and Milwaukee in southeast Wisconsin. The other line that runs along the same corridor from the south to Spencer diverts north through Unity, Colby, Abbotsford, and terminates in Medford.

2.5.4 Transit Metro Ride operates 7 bus routes in the City of Wausau which run at 30-minute intervals; 1 bus route in the Village of Weston, which runs at 30-minute intervals; and 1 bus route to Rothschild and Schofield, which operates at 60-minute intervals. Passengers can transfer between routes at the Metro Ride Transit Center, which is located at 555 Jefferson Street in downtown Wausau, one block from the Wausau Center Mall. Passengers can also transfer between Route C and Route K at Shopko in Rothschild. Two Saturday-only routes operate through Rothschild and Schofield and provide access to the Cedar Creek Mall area.

Metro Ride contracts with Abby Vans for van services for the disabled. The service area includes the City of Wausau and areas within ¾ mile of a regular bus route in Rothschild, Schofield and Weston. Outside this area, North Central Health Care provides transit services for aging and disabled persons through semi fixed routes with some demand services available.

Jefferson Lines provides inter-city transportation from Wausau and Rothschild to Green Bay, Milwaukee, and Minneapolis.

Figure 2-5 Marathon County Regional Transportation

2.6 Critical Community Facilities

Critical facilities are manmade structures or improvements that are critical to provide vital services and protection of the public. Examples of critical facilities include emergency operation centers (EOCs), health care facilities (figure 2-8), schools, jails, communication facilities, utilities (water, water treatment, power lines, gas lines, etc.), large group housing, and facilities that provide emergency shelter. Many of the facilities identified have emergency plans in place in the event of an emergency. Critical facilities in Marathon County are listed in Appendix B.

2.6.1 Emergency Operations Center The Marathon County Emergency Operations Center (EOC) is the primary location for coordinating the county emergency response and recovery activities. The County EOC is combination of 4 conference rooms located in the Courthouse. Three of the rooms are located in the secure Sheriff’s Administration area of the Courthouse while the fourth is in the County Administrative offices. These rooms all have cable TV, wired for multiple telephones and have data system hookups. In the event the County EOC is inoperable for an extended period of time, emergency operations will be relocated to an Alternate EOC, location to be determined. Two portable communications systems are available to assist with operations.

2.6.2 Communication Facilities Project 25 Compliance: Project 25 (P-25) is a set of standards for digital radio communications for use by federal, state, and local public safety agencies to enable them to communicate with other agencies and mutual aid response teams during emergencies. Marathon County is in the process of constructing and/or upgrading its towers to create greater radio coverage throughout the county during emergency and be P-25 compliant by 2013.

Tone Alert: Marathon County maintains & operates Tone-Alert-Monitor System with 200 plus monitors distributed to schools, hospitals, nursing homes, day-care centers, government offices, broadcasters, industry, and private concerns, etc.

E911: Marathon County serves as dispatch for the County wide E-911 Communications Center with 24/7 Telephone/Radio Systems serving 72 user agencies.

2.6.3 Hazardous Materials Storage and Use The Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC) is responsible for the local implementation of the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) or Emergency Planning and Community Right-to Know Act (EPCRA). These laws establish requirements for Federal, State, local governments, and industry regarding the reporting of hazardous materials.

Marathon County Emergency Management develops Emergency Off-site Response Plans for facilities storing/using Extremely Hazardous Substances at or above EPA’s Threshold Planning 39

Quantities for LEPC review. There are approximately 60 facilities in Marathon County that meet the Planning Requirements’ of SARA.

2.6.4 Emergency Services Emergency services in Marathon County consist of a very large framework of Fire Departments (figure 2-7), Police Departments (figure 2-6) and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) (figure 2-7).

In 2006, the Town of Kronenwetter incorporated and became a village. As the largest village in the State of Wisconsin (geographically); Kronenwetter has had to overcome many challenges, particularly law enforcement and fire services. The Kronenwetter Police Department is staffed by six full time officers and several part-time officers. The police department provides 24 hour law enforcement. The police and fire services are housed in the newly constructed public safety building. Kronenwetter receives EMS services from the Town of Rib Mountain.

The Village of Marathon and Town of Rib Mountain have built new fire departments with updated equipment and facilities. Rib Mountain’s new fire station provides 24 hour EMS services and has sleeping quarters for emergency responders.

Most of the remaining cities and villages outside of the City of Wausau maintain their own police and fire departments. Towns and small municipalities rely on the Marathon County Sheriff’s Department for law enforcement services.

Many towns contract with fire departments for service. Dispatched is centralized with the Marathon County Sheriff’s Department. In addition to the standard law enforcement, fire and EMS services many law enforcement agencies and fire departments offer unique services to the North central region of the state. Some of the additional services include:

Marathon County Level A and B Hazardous Materials Response Teams

Marathon/Oneida County EOD (Bomb) Unit

Marathon County Dive/Rescue

Marathon County SWAT

Wausau Fire Water Rescue

Wausau/Everest Metro/Kronenwetter Police Department K-9

Two of the local hospitals also provide advanced life support via ambulance and helicopter. Training and coordination with local fire departments aids in the fast response to critical incidents with the latest technology and life-saving equipment.

Figure 2-6 Marathon County Law Enforcement Agencies

Figure 2-7 Marathon County Fire Departments

Figure 2-8 Marathon County Health Care Facilities

2.6.5 Major Medical Facilities Aspirus Wausau Hospital Center 333 Pine Ridge Boulevard, Wausau: Aspirus Wausau Hospital is a 321-bed tertiary care facility, a Level II Trauma Center, Birthing Center & Newborn ICU, Cancer Center, Heart & Vascular Institute, Home Health, Spine & Neurosciences, Trauma, Emergency & MedEvac and Women's Health.

Wausau Surgery Center 2809 Westhill Drive, Wausau

North Central Health Care 1100 Lake View Drive, Wausau: North Central Health Care (NCHC) is a public agency serving that offers services for mental/emotional problems, developmentally disabled, and services related to alcohol and other drug problems. NCHC operates a nursing home, Mount View Care Center, with a licensed capacity of 320.

St Clare's Hospital 3400 Ministry Parkway, Weston: Ministry Saint Clare's Hospital in Weston opened in 2005 near the intersection of County Road X and State Highway 29.

2.6.6 Corrections/Jail Adult Detention The Marathon County Jail (located within the Marathon County Courthouse) serves all law enforcement jurisdictions within Marathon County and also secures inmates who are apprehended for other law enforcement agencies throughout Wisconsin and the U.S. The jail opened in 1988 and has undergone major renovations. In 2000, a 120 bed addition was completed. The jail currently has 279 beds.

Figure 2-9 Marathon County Jail - Adult Juvenile Detention Facility The Secure Detention center is located within the Marathon County Juvenile Facility (7015 Packer Drive, Wausau) and is considered a secure placement for juveniles. The facility can house up to 20 children ages 10-17 years old, which includes boys and girls.

Juvenile Shelter Home The Shelter Home is also located within the Marathon County Juvenile Facility and is considered a non- secure placement for juveniles (typically ages 10-17 years old). Currently the shelter home can house up to 8 children, which includes boys and girls.

2.6.7 Utilities

Table 2-7 Marathon County Power Plants

Type Plant Name Location Unit Year built

Coal-fired Weston Rothschild 1 1954

2 1960

3 1981

4 2008

Hydroelectric Wausau Wisconsin River 1 1921

2 1921

3 1924

Peaking Weston Rothschild Gas Turbine W31 1969

2 Jet Engines W32 1973

Major power lines Arrowhead-Weston: Construction of a new 220-mile 345 kV transmission line from the Weston Power Plant in Wausau, Wisconsin to the Arrowhead Substation in Duluth, Minnesota was completed in 2007.

Gardner Park-Central Wisconsin: Construction of a 345 kV transmission line from a new substation south of Weston Power Plant, to a new substation in central Shawano County was completed in 2009.

Municipal Water Most incorporated areas of Marathon County provide public water service to properties within their jurisdictional boundaries. Areas in Marathon County served by public water include:

City of Mosinee Village of Edgar Village of Spencer City of Schofield Village of Hatley Village of Stratford City of Wausau Village of Parts of the Town of Village of Athens Kronenwetter Rib Mountain Village of Brokaw Village of Marathon Village of Rothschild

Waste water treatment Most of the incorporated areas of Marathon County provide public sanitary sewer service. Areas in Marathon County served by public sanitary sewer include: City of Wausau City of Mosinee City of Schofield Portion of the Village of Kronenwetter Portion of the Village of Weston Portion of the Town of Rib Mountain Village of Athens Village of Birnamwood Village of Brokaw Village of Edgar Village of Fenwood Village of Hatley Village of Marathon Village of Spencer Village of Stratford Unincorporated area of Milan (Town of Johnson) Unincorporated area of Rozellville (Town of Day)

2.7 Historic Properties and Districts

The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) identifies 24 historic locations in Marathon County.

Table 2-8 Marathon County Historic Places

Andrew Warren Historic District Roughly bounded by Fulton, Grant, 4th, and 7th Streets Wausau C.B Bird House 522 McIndoe Street Wausau Joseph Dessert Library 123 Main Street Mosinee C.F. Dunbar House 929 McIndoe Street Wausau Edgar Village Hall 107 W Beech Street Edgar D.C. Everest House 1206 Highland Park Boulevard Wausau First Universalist Church 504 Grant Street Wausau Fricke-Menzer House 105 Main Street Marathon Walter and Mabel Fromm House State Highway 107 Hamburg Granville D. Jones 915 Grant Street Wausau Maine Site Address restricted Brokaw Marathon County Fairgrounds Stewart Avenue Wausau Louis Marchetti House 111 Grant Street Wausau Karl Mathie House 202 Water Street Wausau Henry Miller House 1314 Grand Avenue Wausau Rothschild Pavilion 1104 Park Street Rothschild E.K. Schuetz House 930 Franklin Street Wausau Benjamin Single House 4708 Stettin Drive Stettin Hiram C. Stewart House 521 Grant Street Wausau Wausau Club 309 McClellan Street Wausau C.H. Wegner House 906 Grant Street Wausau Duey and Julia Wright House 904 Grand Ave Wausau Ely Wright House 901 6th Street Wausau Cyrus C. Yawkey 403 McIndoe Street Wausau

Chapter 3 Risk Assessment

Chapter 3 of the Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan provides both current and historical information regarding potential risks/threats to Marathon County. The goal of this section is to identify those hazards that pose the greatest risk to people in Marathon County, provide historical data to show the probability of future hazards, and to assess any potentially vulnerable areas in Marathon County. 3.1 Hazard Identification and Prioritization

3.1.1 Hazard Analysis Although Marathon County has the potential to experience a myriad of different risks from both natural and manmade hazards, it is believed that it is best to concentrate on those hazards that have the greatest potential to impact people in Marathon County.

A list of hazards that could potentially affect Marathon County was distributed to key stakeholders and to the public. The list included possible threats assigned to FEMA Region 5 of which Wisconsin is a part of.

FEMA Region 5 threats

Flood Wildfire Landslide/Debris Flow Structure Fire Thunderstorm/Lightning Hazardous Materials Tornado Transportation Accidents Severe Wind Utility Failure Extreme Temperature Oil and Natural Gas Wells Winter Weather/Snowstorms Radiological Emergencies Snow Load Sabotage/Terrorism Drought Earthquake Public Health Emergency Subsidence (land collapse) Civil Disturbance Fog

3.1.2 Hazard Prioritization Survey respondents were asked to identify those hazards that they felt posed the greatest threat to them or their community by rating the hazards from 1-5, one being least likely to pose a threat and five being most likely to pose a threat. Table 3-1 and figure 3-1 summarizes the survey responses.

Table 3-1 Marathon County Hazard Analysis Results 2010

Answer Min Max Value Average Value Value Earthquake 0 3 0.68 Radiological Emergencies 0 4 1.20 Oil and Natural Gas Wells 0 5 1.21 Civil Disturbance 0 4 1.23 Landslide/Debris Flow 0 5 1.27 Sabotage/Terrorism 0 5 1.31 Subsidence 0 4 1.31 Wildfire 0 4 1.89 Extreme Temperature 0 5 2.09 Public Health Emergency 0 5 2.12 Fog 0 5 2.27 Hazardous Materials 0 5 2.28 Drought 0 5 2.43 Structure Fire 0 5 2.50 Flood 0 5 2.52 Utility Failure 0 5 2.69 Snow Load 0 5 2.80 Transportation Accidents 1 5 2.91 Thunderstorm/Lightning 0 5 3.15 Tornado 1 5 3.35 Winter Weather/Snowstorms 1 5 3.40 Severe Wind 1 5 3.42

Figure 3-1 Graph of Hazard Analysis Results 2010

Hazards related to severe wind, winter weather/snowstorms, tornadoes, thunderstorms, transportation accidents, snow load, utility failure, and flood were perceived to be of highest risk in Marathon County. Some of these events can be consolidated to more effectively recognize their significance in Marathon County.

3.1.3 Hazard Events Historical Summary According to the National Climatic Data Center there have been 290 weather related hazards in or near Marathon County from January 1, 1950 to July 31, 2010. Table 3-2 indicates the number of occurrences, loss of life, injury and estimated financial impact of these events.

Table 3-2 Marathon County Hazard Events 1950-2010

Hazard Number of Deaths Injuries Property Crop Damage Occurrences Damage Drought 14 0 0 0K 0K Flood 20 0 0 3.1M 56M Fog 12 0 0 0K 0K Hail 136 0 0 12K 0K Lightning 16 0 1 16.53M 0K Extreme Temperature 25 7 21 0K 0K Tornado 47 0 1 16.464M 3.41M Precipitation 5 0 0 88K 0K Snow/Ice 58 0 2 0 15.0M Source: National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) January 1, 1950 to July 31, 2010. Some data is regional and may not reflect specific information regarding Marathon County. Some storms may also have been multiple reports.

3.2 Vulnerable Structures/Facilities Some specific vulnerabilities and estimated losses are documented in the following risk assessment; however there are a number of structures and areas within each jurisdiction that are vulnerable to different hazards. These structures and facilities and their respective jurisdiction is included in Appendix B.

3.3 Vulnerable Populations Age, mobility and language barriers can result in some populations to be more vulnerable than others in the event of a hazard.

3.3.1 Elderly and Disabled Populations Elderly are more susceptible to the effects of extreme heat or cold and many have decreased mobility. The elderly and disabled that live in group quarters are identified in the critical facilities/vulnerable structures. However, representatives from Marathon County communities voiced concerns about the elderly and disabled individuals living alone being notified of impending severe weather or having the ability to take shelter or evacuate. This will become more of a concern in the future as the population in the 65+ age group increases.

3.3.2 Populations with Language Barriers The 2008 US Census population estimates that 7.6% of all Marathon County residents speak a language other than English as their primary language. The Hmong population has undertaken great efforts to integrate these refugees into the community and provide a comprehensive support network. The Hispanic population does not have access to a similar support network. The non-English speaking population is of concern in the event of a hazard because warning systems and other emergency notifications are in English.

3.4 VULNERABILITY AND RISK ASSESSMENT BY HAZARD

3.4.1 Hazards of Little or No Risk

Some hazards identified by FEMA for Region 5 have little or no potential impact in Marathon County. Although it is possible that Marathon County could be impacted by these hazards, the probability is very low. For that reason these hazards are acknowledged as having little or no threat.

Earthquake

Due to Wisconsin’s location, the probability of a significant earthquake occurring in Marathon County is very low. According to the US Geological Survey, there have been no earthquakes reported in Wisconsin since 1973. In 1988 a very minor earthquake was reported north of Wisconsin in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Although earthquakes have been felt in the

state an earthquake has not occurred here. Reports of earthquake activity typically results from earth tremors felt here as a result of activity along the New Madrid Fault. There have been significant earthquakes along the eastern coast that have been felt in Wisconsin. An example of this is an earthquake that occurred on February 18, 1925. Scattered felt reports were noted in Wisconsin from a major earthquake in the St. Lawrence River region near La Malbaie, Quebec, Canada. The magnitude (M) 7.0 shock was felt over an area of approximately 5 million square kilometers. Another strong Canadian earthquake affected a large area of the northeastern and north-central United States on November 1, Figure 3-2 Earthquake Probability Map 1935. The 2.5 million square kilometer felt area includes most of eastern Wisconsin and scattered points elsewhere in the state (Fig 3-2). On February 10,2010 at 3:59:33 a.m., the U.S. Geological Survey reported a 3.8- magnitude quake centered in a farm field on Plank Road in Elgin, Illinois near Hampshire, Illinois and 3.1 miles underground. Initially, it had reported the magnitude as 4.3 with an epicenter about 5.5 miles east of Sycamore.

The quake was felt over a wide area -- from Wisconsin to Tennessee -- but there were no reports of any damage, according to the Kane County and DeKalb County sheriff's departments, which are closest to the epicenter

The New Madrid Fault has a seismic zone which stretches from northeast Arkansas to southern Illinois. Any activity felt in Wisconsin is most often result of this fault. The majority of the felt reports occur as a result of this activity. Marathon County is listed by the US Geological Society as being within the lowest hazard ranking on their Earthquake Shaking Hazard map.

Land Subsidence Land subsidence is the collapsing or sinking of the land and commonly results in a depression or sink hole. This situation usually occurs in areas where geologic Karst deposits are close to the ground surface. These areas are shown in figure 3-3. Marathon County’s Wisconsin River valley area is characterized by alluvial sand deposits overlying pre-Cambrian bedrock. The bedrock can be shallow in areas adjacent to the alluvial deposits. Areas outside of the river valley are Figure 3-3 Wisconsin Karst dominated by course and fine-textured glacial tills. The removal of Deposit Map ground water from aquifers in areas characterized by shallow bedrock, alluvial deposits and glacial till does not create large voids in the deposits where soil collapse can occur. Therefore, subsidence occurring in Marathon County is unlikely.

Landslide Landslides or debris flows refer to any ground movement where soil or loose deposits are displaced such as rock falls and failure of steep embankments. Landslides are a concern in

areas with deep, low plastic soils located on extreme slopes where saturation of the soils causes the embankment to fail and slough off. Embankment stability may also be a localized concern in nonmetallic mining areas where slopes are not grade properly. Marathon County’s glacial tills are highly plastic and stable when saturated and located on moderate (3-8%) slopes. Therefore, the potential for landslide activity is not probable.

3.4.2 Potential Hazards

The following hazards have been identified as posing a risk to Marathon County.

Winter Storms

Hazard Analysis Winter storms can vary in size and strength and include heavy snowfall, freezing rain, sleet, ice, and/or blowing and drifting snow. Extremely cold temperatures accompanied by strong winds can result in severe wind chills that result in frostbite, hypothermia, and even death.

The National Weather Service (NWS) defines a heavy snowstorm as a snowfall of six or more inches in 12 hours or less, or eight inches or more in 24 hours or less. An ice storm is defined as accumulations of a quarter inch or more of freezing rain. A blizzard is defined as an event with sustained or frequent wind gusts of over 35 miles per hour (mph), with falling or blowing snow causing visibilities near or less than a quarter-mile for three hours or more.

According to the National Weather Service, storms that affect Wisconsin develop over southeast Colorado, northwest Canada, and over the southern Plains. These storms move toward the Midwest and use both the southward plunge of cold air from Canada and the northward flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico to produce heavy snow over the region.

Heavy snow and ice storms have been a regular part of each winter in Marathon County. True blizzards are rare in the state of Wisconsin, however blizzard-like conditions often exist during heavy snowstorms when strong winds cause blowing and drifting snow. This causes low visibility and can strand automobiles or confine people indoors in a very short period of time.

The length of a winter storm can vary. Usually precipitation comes and goes within 12 hours, but it may be followed by a series of other events that could go on for days. The after-effects of a winter storm can affect a community for days or even weeks.

History in Marathon County According to the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), there have been 58 snow and ice events in Marathon County between January 1, 1993 and July 31, 2010. In many cases, the information is regional, so developing a clear picture of the personal and financial impact on Marathon County is difficult. The following are some of the most recent reports of significant winter weather in Marathon County:

May 7, 2010: A late season snow affected much of north-central and northeast Wisconsin as low pressure moved from central Illinois to Lower Michigan. Just over 6 inches of snow fell in 12 hours at several locations in Langlade County and Forest County. Some of the highest snowfalls totals included 6.7 inches at Laona (Forest County), 6.5 inches at Crandon (Forest County) and 6.0 inches at Elcho (Langlade County). Generally 3 to 5 inches of snow fell in eastern and central Marathon County. An observer near Elderon, in southeast Marathon County, reported 3.0 inches of snow. The heavy, wet snow damaged nearly all of the ginseng gardens in the county as mesh shade structures, designed to protect the plants from sunlight, crushed the plants under the weight of the heavy wet snow. Damage to the crops was estimated to be at least $15 million.

December 30, 2008: An area of low pressure moved across Iowa and into Illinois. A narrow band of heavy snow moved out of Minnesota and into western and central Wisconsin. The highest snowfall totals were in Marathon County, with 7.5 inches near Halder and 7.1 inches at Wausau. Snow from this system contributed to new December snowfall records of 37.6 inches at Wausau and 38.0 inches at Marshfield (Wood County). The previous record at Wausau was 31.7 inches set in 1990. The previous record at Marshfield of 30.2 inches was set in 1968.

December 24, 2007: A low pressure system over Missouri on the evening of December 22nd rapidly intensified as it moved into eastern Wisconsin during the early morning hours of December 23rd and then continued north into Upper Michigan by noon. Precipitation associated with the system began in the form of rain and then rapidly changed to snow as winds circulating around the low pressure system brought much colder air into the area. Heavy snow fell, and combined with west winds gusting over 40 mph to produce near blizzard conditions across much of the region. Six-foot high snow drifts made some roads impassable in central Wisconsin where over a foot of new snow fell. The highest reported snowfall totals included 18.2 inches and 16.5 inches in the vicinity of Wisconsin Rapids (Wood County), 15.6 inches near Colby (Marathon County), 14.8 inches at Plover (Portage County) and 14.3 inches at Merrill (Lincoln County).

Vulnerability Estimates Winter storms are a serious health and safety risk to County residents and visitors, and can also cause significant property damage. Heavy snow and ice accumulation can cause roofs and power lines to collapse. Downed power lines can cause widespread power outages, leaving businesses, critical facilities and residences without electricity. Perhaps most importantly, it can also isolate people from assistance or services due to icy conditions and downed trees and power lines blocking roadways.

Power outages resulting in loss of heat is of particular concern. As mentioned, the most serious health risks associated with winter storms and extremely cold temperatures are frostbite, hypothermia, and sometimes death resulting from these conditions. Elderly people and children under the age of one year are most susceptible to the negative health effects of cold temperatures.

Winter storm damage is often widespread and can affect numerous other resources. Other resources that may be affected by a winter storm include:

• Community facilities –access to healthcare/emergency services, schools • Public service – police and fire departments, social service organizations/shelters • Utilities – power lines, telephone lines, radio and cell towers • Transportation – icy roads, white-out conditions, public transit not available • Residential – trees, roofs • Commercial – roofs, temporary closure of business, deliveries • Agriculture – outbuildings, crops, livestock, equipment

Winter storms usually cover the entire region, and there are no specific areas in Marathon County that would have more of a risk than other areas.

Future Probability and Potential Losses According to NCDC, there have been 58 winter storm events, including ice storms and blizzards, in central Wisconsin over the past 17 years. On average, Marathon County residents can expect 5 to 6 major winter storms in any given year. This data does not include weather events from extreme cold. This data is hard to isolate to a specific county as much of the data provided by NCDC is regional.

Typically, costs of damage and recovery from winter storms are minor and widespread and include auto accidents and additional time for workers to remove snow. The only record of costs from winter storms by NCDC is 15 million dollars in crop damages from the May 2010 winter weather. This estimate is regional and is not specific to Marathon County. There currently are not estimated losses for Marathon County.

Tornadoes

Hazard Analysis FEMA defines a tornado as “a violently rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.” (FEMA 386-2, August 2001). Tornadoes can have wind speeds from 40 mph to over 300 mph, although a majority of tornadoes have wind speeds of 112 mph or less. Tornadoes can move forward at up to 70 miles per hour, pause, slow down and change directions. Most have a narrow path of less than 100 yards wide and a few miles long. However, damage paths can be more than 1 mile wide and 50 miles long. Tornadoes present a hazard because debris hurled by strong winds can hit with enough force to penetrate walls.

Wind speeds in tornadoes range from values below that of weak hurricane speeds to more than 300 miles per hour. Unlike hurricanes, which produce wind speeds of generally lesser values over relatively widespread areas (when compared to tornadoes), the maximum winds in tornadoes are often confined to extremely small areas and can vary tremendously over very short distances, even within the funnel itself. Accounts of complete destruction of one house next to one that is totally undamaged are true and well-documented.

Tornadoes are classified as F0 through F5, based on wind speed and damage levels using the Enhanced Fujita Tornado Scale:

F0 Gale tornado 40-72 mph, chimney damage, tree branches broken F1 Moderate tornado 73-112 mph, mobile homes pushed off foundations or overturned F2 Significant tornado 113-157 mph, considerable damage, mobile homes demolished, trees uprooted F3 Severe tornado 158-206 mph, roofs and walls torn down, trains overturned, cars thrown around F4 Devastating tornado 207-260 mph, well-constructed walls leveled F5 Incredible tornado 261-318 mph, homes lifted off foundation and carried considerable distances, autos carried as far as 100 meters

Wisconsin lies along the northern edge of the nation’s maximum frequency belt for tornadoes, commonly called “tornado alley,” which extends northeast from Oklahoma into Iowa and then across to Michigan and Ohio. Generally, the southern and western portions of Wisconsin have a higher frequency of tornadoes. Marathon County is on the edge of this area.

Late spring-early summer is the peak of tornado activity in the year. Marathon County seems to peak later in the season for tornado activity, with most tornadoes historically occurring in July and September. Tornadoes peak in the afternoon, when convectional heating is at a maximum. Most tornadoes in Marathon County have occurred in afternoon/early evening, though several have also occurred in the early morning hours. This indicates that tornadoes can strike at any time.

History in Marathon County NCDC reported 47 tornadoes in Marathon County between 1950 and 2008. A majority of these registered F1 or F2 on the Fujita Scale. A summary of tornado events in Marathon County between 1950 and 2008 is provided in table 3-3. Some of the most recent tornadoes include:

July 29, 2008: A tornado briefly touched down north of Brokaw, near the Lincoln County border. No damage was reported. Thunderstorms developed in unstable air ahead of a cold front that pushed east across Wisconsin. The storms produced large hail, wind damage and three weak tornadoes.

May 25, 2008: A weak tornado briefly touched down about five miles southeast of Mosinee. Several apple trees were damaged in a narrow path. The tornado was on the ground for less than 30 seconds. A strengthening upper level jet, in excess of 90 knots, contributed to the development of elevated thunderstorms ahead of a warm front that moved across Wisconsin.

June 7, 2007: The first tornado of the outbreak formed 9.4 miles east of Mosinee at 4:01 PM CDT. The storm moved across eastern Marathon County where it heavily damaged 2 homes, 1 mobile home and 10 barns; caused major damage to 1 home; minor damage to 6 homes and 1 business; and snapped or uprooted many trees. The tornado dissipated near Pike Lake at 4:14 56

PM CDT. The average path width of the tornado was 150 yards. The tornado was rated F2 with estimated winds of 115 to 125 mph. An unseasonably strong upper level storm system and deep surface low pressure (with central pressure as low as 979 mb) interacted with a cold front that moved from west to east across the area during the late afternoon and evening. A moist and unstable air mass ahead of the cold front provided the fuel to generate severe thunderstorms that included five tornadoes, near record-size hail, and Figure 3-4 Tornado damage Town of Reid- damaging winds. Thousands of homes sustained damage June 2007 and about 15,000 customers lost power during the storms, some for almost 3 days as trees blocked roads and slowed repair work to power lines. Four people sustained minor injuries, and total damage from the storms exceeded $60 million.

Table 3-3 Tornados in Marathon County June 25, 1950 - July 31, 2010

Date Time Fujita Scale Injury/Death Damage Damage (Property) in $ (Crops) in $ 06/25/1950 2150 F2 0/0 25K 06/20/1954 0230 F2 0/0 25K 05/04/1959 1030 F 0/0 0 09/03/1961 0010 F2 0/0 3K 09/03/1961 0100 F1 0/0 3K 05/08/1964 1650 F2 0/0 250K 08/19/1968 1730 F2 5/0 2.5M 09/28/1971 1600 F3 0/0 250K 09/28/1971 1605 F3 1/0 250K 06/18/1973 1100 F1 0/0 25K 04/12/1974 1405 F2 0/0 25K 06/13/1976 2000 F1 0/0 3K 08/31/1977 1815 F1 10/0 2.5M 07/15/1982 1915 F1 0/0 3K 07/03/1983 1735 F2 0/0 250K 06/26/1984 1655 F1 0/0 25K 09/24/1984 1650 F2 0/0 2.5M 07/02/1987 1710 F1 0/0 250K 05/08/1988 1710 F2 2/0 2.5K 09/19/1988 1637 F0 0/0 0 06/12/1990 1835 F1 0/0 25K 07/19/1992 1554 F1 0/0 250K 07/08/1994 1400 F1 0/0 50K 1K 05/07/1996 0145 F2 0/0 200K 250K 08/07/1996 0146 F1 0/0 100K 110K 08/07/1996 0219 F1 0/0 90K 10K 07/16/1997 1440 F2 0/0 1M 3M 07/16/1997 1500 F0 0/0 200K 07/16/1997 1500 F0 0/0 5K 07/16/1997 1509 F1 0/0 100K 07/16/1997 1520 F0 0/0 1K 1K 05/31/1998 0020 F0 0/0 15K 0 04/18/2002 1813 F1 0/0 1.4M 32K 04/18/2002 1832 F0 0/0 0 0 07/30/2002 1822 F0 0/0 0 0 09/02/2002 1704 F0 1/0 0 0 09/02/2002 1735 F1 0/0 1.3M 0 06/04/2005 1527 F0 0/0 0 0 06/04/2005 1539 F0 0/0 0 0 06/04/2005 1706 F0 0/0 0 0 06/04/2005 1720 F0 0/0 0 0 06/04/2005 1918 F0 0/0 0 0 06/10/2005 1303 F0 0/0 0 0 06/07/2007 1501 F2 0/0 343K 0K 05/25/2008 2000 F0 0/0 0K 0K 07/29/2008 1527 F0 0/0 0K 0K 07/29/2008 1559 F0 0/0 0K 0K Total 19/0 16.4M 3.4M Source: National Climate Data Center (NCDC)

Approximately 77 percent of the tornadoes occurring in Marathon County since 1950 have occurred between the hours of 2:00 PM and 9:50 PM (36 of 47 events). This eight hour period of time is the most susceptible to tornado.

Vulnerability Estimates Marathon County is a mix of urban, suburban, and rural communities. All of Marathon County is vulnerable to tornadoes; however centers of higher population are particularly vulnerable due to population density resulting in a greater threat to human safety and property damage.

Mobile homes are among the most vulnerable structures to potential tornado damage, due to the nature of their construction. It is much easier for a tornado to damage and destroy a mobile home than standard houses and buildings. The National Weather Service reports that between 1985 and 1998, 40 percent of all tornado deaths in the nation occurred in mobile homes, compared to 29 percent in permanent homes and 11 percent in vehicles. The National Weather Service also reports that even an F1 tornado can destroy or roll a mobile home.

Twenty-two towns in Marathon County regulate mobile home placement. Many do not allow new mobile homes unless they are accessory to a farm residence. The locations of mobile homes in Marathon County are shown in figure 3-5. The specific location of each of these homes/mobile home parks is maintained by the county.

According to the US Census 2006-2008 American Community Survey, there are approximately 1,879 mobile homes in the planning area, making up about five percent of the housing stock. The majority of these mobile homes are in mobile home parks located in the larger jurisdictions. Weston has the largest number of mobile homes with a total of approximately 525 units. The City of Wausau which is the largest municipality in Marathon County by population, reported approximately 120 units.

Figure 3-5 Mobile Homes in Marathon County

Campgrounds and park shelters are also very vulnerable to tornadoes, as people may be caught in severe conditions with little or no shelter. Campgrounds are also often surrounded by trees, which presents an increased level of danger to campers from felled trees or falling limbs. There are a total of 401 designated campsites in the planning area. Campgrounds are more heavily occupied in the late spring to early fall months when weather is warmer and more conducive to camping, which consequently is also the usual period of peak tornado activity. Marathon County campgrounds are identified in table 3-4.

Table 3-4 Marathon County Campgrounds

Campground Owner # of sites Location Dates Open Big Eau Pleine Park County 106 Knowlton/Bergen May – Oct Dells of the Eau Claire Park County 26 Plover May – Oct

Marathon Park County 35 Wausau May – Oct Lake DuBay Shores Private 225 Mosinee Year-round Wildlife Campground Private 175 Norrie Mayflower Private Norrie Year-round Monster Hall Private 180 Brighton

Tornadoes can create localized low-pressure areas than can make a building explode. High winds may also cause downed power lines and trees which can result in loss of electricity or blocked transportation routes. Tornado damage is often widespread and can affect numerous other resources. Other resources that may be affected by a tornado include:

• Community facilities – hospitals, schools, nursing homes • Public service – police and fire departments, social service organizations/shelters • Utilities – power lines, telephone lines, radio towers • Transportation – debris blocking routes, public transportation not available • Residential – garages, trees, siding, windows, chimneys, roofs • Commercial – signs, windows, siding, billboards, roofs, loss of business • Agriculture – outbuildings, crops, livestock, equipment • Recreation – parks, forested lands

Future Probability and Potential Losses According to the NCDC, Marathon County accounts for 47 of the total 1,307 tornadoes in the entire state of Wisconsin between 1950 and 2010. With 47 occurrences over 60 years, the likelihood of a tornado hitting somewhere in Marathon County is 0.8 (80%) in any given year. However, yearly frequency is unpredictable, as historical data shows that three tornadoes occurred in 2008, six in 2005, and five in 2002, but none in 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003 or 2006. Marathon County has not gone more than five years without a tornado event, and often has multiple events in a single year.

Historical data from NCDC was used to estimate potential future dollar losses due to tornadoes. Estimated damages from past tornadoes in Marathon County range from $0 to $2.5 million. Based on $19.7 million in total damage from 47 tornado events, Marathon County might expect damages of $419,149 per tornado on average. With an annual probability of 0.8, the estimated future annual property loss is $335,319 ($419,149 X 0.8).

Based on FEMA guidance in the benefit-cost analysis of hazard mitigation measures, the State of Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan shows an annual probability of 0.331 of an injury due to a tornado in Marathon County. This equates to $3,493 estimated annual loss due to injury.

Flooding

Hazard Analysis

The National Flood Insurance Program defines a flood as “a general and temporary condition of partial or complete inundation of two or more acres of normally dry land area or of two or more properties from: overflow of inland or tidal waters; unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters of any source; or a mudflow.” A flash flood is more intense and usually results from intense storms dropping large amounts of rain in a brief period. Flash floods occur with little or no warning and can reach full peak in only a few minutes.

FEMA indicates that floods are the most common and widespread of all natural disasters except for fire. Floods can be slow or fast rising, but generally develop over a period of days. Most communities in the United States have experienced some kind of flooding. Communities particularly at risk are those with areas in the 100-year floodplain, near water, or downstream from a dam. The 100-year floodplain in Marathon County is shown in figure 3-7. Flooding usually occurs after spring rains, heavy thunderstorms, or winter snow thaws.

Ice jams can also aggravate or cause flood conditions. Ice jams are large blocks of ice or areas of broken up ice that block culverts or other water openings, causing water to build up and overtop bridges and roads, or infringe on nearby structures. The most common form of ice jams are those that form as a result of the breakup of ice covers (breakup jams), and therefore most often occur during early spring, when snow and ice begin to melt. According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, ice jams occur less frequently than open-water floods, are often short-lived, and may affect only a short reach of a river. Communities particularly at risk are the same as for floods; however areas where a river or stream enters or exits a larger body of water, such as a reservoir or lake, are more susceptible.

History in Marathon County According to the NCDC, 20 flood events were reported in Marathon County between January 1994 and July 2010, as reflected in Table 3-5.

Most flood events since 1995 occurred in 2002 and 2010. June of 2002 brought widespread flooding to all of Marathon County. Thunderstorms lingered for several hours across central Wisconsin, dropping heavy rain during the night of June 21-22. Over five inches of rain fell during a three hour period across the affected areas. A trailer park in Stratford had to be 62

evacuated due to high water, and basements were flooded in homes all across central Wisconsin. Several bridges were out due to the flooding and roads were washed out in numerous locations. One town in Marathon County had 40 miles of roads that needed to be resurfaced. The June and August flood events in Marathon County resulted in Presidential Disaster Declarations.

On September 23, 2010 until September 25, 2010 heavy rains covered North central Wisconsin. The heavy rains resulted in numerous homes and businesses being flooded. As a result of the flooding, $417,598 in government infrastructure damages were reported. Five residences were severely damaged with 2-3 of the residences reported as “destroyed”. It is believed that at least one of the residences is a repetitive loss structure. Roads were washed out all across Marathon County. The damages for the roads alone resulted in $330,056 in Figure 3-6 Flooding Town of Stettin damages. The Rib Mountain Metropolitan Sewage District September 2010 reported that it experienced a failure of a sewer main that resulted in significant clear water inflow. This resulted in the excess treatment of more than 2 million gallons of water.

Table 3-5 Reported Floods in Marathon County 1994-2010

Property Crop Location or Date Type Death Injury Damage Damage County (in $) (in $) Rib Mountain 08/16/1995 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0 Northcentral 06/16/1996 Flood 0 0 0 56.0M Wisconsin Abbotsford 08/14/2000 Urban/small Stream 0 0 0 0 Flood Stratford 09/11/2000 Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 08/01/2001 Urban/small Stream 0 0 0 0 Flood Marathon County 04/10/2002 Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 06/11/2002 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 06/22/2002 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 06/22/2002 Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 06/22/2002 Flood 0 0 1.6M 0 Marathon County 08/12/2002 Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 08/21/2002 Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 04/16/2003 Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 05/11/2003 Flood 0 0 0 0 Marathon County 03/26/2004 Flood 0 0 1.4M 0 Marathon County 03/28/2005 Flood 0 0 0 0 Mosinee 05/30/2006 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0 Wausau 08/02/2006 Flash Flood 0 0 0 0 Wausau 03/13/2007 Flood 0 0 0 0 Wausau 08/14/2009 Flash Flood 0 0 10 0 Marathon County 09/23/2010 Flood 0 0 893K Total 0 0 3.9M 56.0M

Officially recorded ice jams in Marathon County are limited to the Stratford area, along the Big Eau Pleine River. Unofficially, cities and villages in the Lake Wausau area also report minimal jams resulting in no property damage to date. There is anecdotal evidence of flooding caused by an ice jam in the City of Schofield within the last 20 years (specific date is not known). Ice blocked a culvert and resulted in flooding to the Pine Island area. Specific damages are unknown. Schofield Public Works has also identified minimal water backup due to ice jams in the past ten years, but no property damage or significant flooding has resulted from these events. Ice jams have also been reported along the Eau Claire River near CTH N in the Town of Plover. Work by both local towns and the Marathon County Highway Department have been successful in preventing the spring ice jams from causing any significant problems.

Extreme flooding can also result in dam failures. Although there are no dam failures on record with the NCDC, according to a History of Wausau by longtime local resident Donald Huehnerfuss, and information provided by the Village of Rothschild, dam failures occurred in 1911, 1912 and 1941. In 1911, the dam at the Marathon Paper Mill in Rothschild had just been

completed, creating Lake Wausau. Shortly after completion, a hole was blown in the dam in an attempt to save the mill from flooding.

After a period of heavy rains in 1912, the Brokaw Dam broke, causing flooding and bridge damage in the City of Wausau. The newly reconstructed Rothschild Dam was again blown to relieve pressure behind it. In 1941, heavy rains also fell causing a similar situation at Brokaw and Rothschild dams. The Brokaw dam was never rebuilt after this event. No other reports of dam failure have been reported since 1941.

Vulnerability Estimates Flood waters can be extremely dangerous. The force of six inches of swiftly moving water can knock people off their feet, and cars can easily be swept away in just 2 feet of moving water. Flash flood waters move at very fast speeds and can roll boulders, tear out trees, destroy buildings, and obliterate bridges. Walls of water can reach heights of 10 to 20 feet and generally contain debris which can cause additional damage. Flooding can also cause a myriad of other problems. Storm drains and pipes can fill to the point of bursting, and flood water can infiltrate sanitary sewer or septic systems, causing backup of raw sewage into streets or flooded basements. Flood water can also cause shorts in electrical appliances or transmission wires, resulting in electrocution and possible death if not handled carefully. Flood waters run over roadways, impeding traffic and cutting off access points, possibly stranding homeowners or motorists.

Past flood events in Marathon County have caused substantial property damage and roadway damage, and future damage is almost certain. The following resources can be impacted by flooding: Roadways – bridge and shoulder washouts, inundated roadways, debris Residential Structures – flooded basements, water damage, destroyed septic systems, shorted electrical systems Agriculture – inundated cropland, manure run-off, loss of profit Commercial Structures – water damage, shorted electrical systems, loss of business Locations listed in Appendix B include specific community resources that have been identified as particularly vulnerable to flooding and/or ice jams. The specific communities identified these structures through survey responses.

FEMA defines a repetitive loss structure “when more than one flood insurance claim of at least $1,000 is made within a ten-year period since 1978.” It is important for communities to address these structures, because they can negatively affect the Community Rating System (CRS) score of the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP).

FEMA identifies three repetitive loss structures in Marathon County as of June, 2010. One is in the Village of Marathon City, and two are in the Town of Stettin. The structures include both single-family residential and commercial structures. The exact location and owner information of repetitive loss structures cannot be released to the general public. Table 3-6 shows the 65

repetitive loss structures and the insurance payment for flood damages. These losses do not include property damage from the September 2010 flooding.

Table 3-6 Marathon County Repetitive Loss Structures

Use Total Amount Paid Average Payment per Event Dates of Losses Residential $15,320 7,660 04/13/01, 06/14/93 Residential $8,136 2,034 03/31/82, 09/21/80, 03/23/79 Commercial $4,274 2,137 09/22/80, 03/23/79 Source: Wisconsin Emergency Management, June 2010

National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) in Marathon County Marathon County participates in the NFIP. Section 17.32 of the Marathon County Code of Ordinances defines floodplain overlay districts and regulates development and land use in these areas to protect life, health and property. The overlay district boundaries are based on FEMA-identified flood hazard areas. These maps form the basis for both the regulatory and insurance aspects of NFIP. These regulations are in effect in all unincorporated areas of Marathon County and supersede all provisions of municipal zoning ordinances enacted under §87.30 Wis. Stats., related to floodplains except where another municipal zoning ordinance is more restrictive.

Section 17.32 of the Marathon County Code of Ordinances restricts development in the floodplain overlay district. New structures are not allowed in the floodway.

All incorporated communities in Marathon County, with the exception of Unity, Abbotsford, Dorchester and Fenwood participates in NFIP and have adopted municipal floodplain zoning ordinances.

Table 3-7 NFIP Compliance in Marathon County

NFIP Status* Jurisdiction: Y N Marathon County X V. of Athens X V. of Birnamwood X V. of Brokaw X V. of Edgar X V. of Kronenwetter X V. of Marathon City X V. of Rothchild X V. of Spencer X V. of Stratford X V. of Unity X V. of Weston X V. of Elderon X V. of Hatley X C. of Abbotsford X C. of Colby X C. of Marshfield NA NA C. of Mosinee X C. of Schofield X C. of Wausau X V. of Fenwood X

Future Probability and Potential Losses The NCDC documents 20 flood events over the past 16 years in Marathon County (including the 09/23/2010 flood). Three of these events took place on June 22, 2002. For purposes of determining probability, these three events will be considered as one. Marathon County has averaged 1.125 flood events each year for the past 16 years.

A one-hundred-year flood is a statistical measurement. It is based on both flood water level and recurrence. A one-hundred year flood is the level of flood water expected to be equaled or exceeded on average, every 100 years. It is a flood that has a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded in any single year. The location of the 100-year floodplain in Marathon County is shown in figure 3-7.

The digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (D-FIRM), 2009 tax assessment data, and structure location (based on 2008 aerial photography) were used to identify 2,695 structures in the 100- year floodplain. The parcels where the structures are located are worth a total of $217,013,500

in improvements. Some parcels may have multiple structures and not all structures on all parcels are in the floodplain. This data does not include values for tax exempt parcels.

Figure 3-7 Marathon County Floodplain Areas

Dam Failure

Hazard Analysis The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) tracks information for all dams in the state of Wisconsin. There are 132 dams in Marathon County. These dams serve many purposes, including agricultural uses, providing recreational areas, electrical power generation, erosion control, water level control and flood control. According to the DNR, Marathon County has 13 large dams (structural height of over six feet and 50 acre-feet or more of maximum storage, or structural height of 25 feet or more, with greater than 15 acre-feet of maximum storage) and 97 small dams (smaller than criteria for large classification). The remaining 22 dams are not size-classified.

History in Marathon County Roots.web reports that in 1912, a severe flood blew out many dams along the Wisconsin River in northcentral Wisconsin. The Wisconsin River dam in Merrill, Prairie River dam, Brokaw Dam, guard-lock dam in Wausau, Wausau Street Railroad Company dam, two dams on the Eau Claire River, Schofield dam, and the dam of Marathon mills was blown out to relieve pressure. The property losses were primarily from logs being washed down the river. The Brokaw dam was rebuilt several times, with the last substantial damage in 1941, after which it was not rebuilt.

Vulnerability Estimates Dam failures can occur with little warning and can result in loss of life and significant property damage in large areas downstream. The WDNR assigns hazard ratings to large dams in the state. When assigning hazard ratings, existing land uses and land use controls (zoning) downstream of the dam are considered. Dams are classified into three categories that identify the potential hazard to life and property downstream should the dam fail:

• High hazard - loss of life likely if dam should fail • Significant hazard - significant property damage is likely • Low hazard - neither loss of life or property will occur

In Marathon County, there are two dams with a high hazard rating: Wausau and Winding Creek Rearing Pond. The Rothschild facility has a significant rating, and the remaining large dams have low hazard ratings. Listed below is the WDNR database information for the 13 large dams. These dams can be considered vulnerable to flooding.

The dams in Marathon County defined as “large” and their hazard rating is listed in table 3-7.

Table 3-8 Large Dams in Marathon County

Name Next City Down from Miles Next City is Down Hazard Rating Dam from Dam Wausau Wausau 0 High Winding Creek Rearing Pond None 0 High Rothschild Rothschild 0 Significant Big Eau Pleine Knowlton 5 Low Black Creek Athens No data Low Brock-Clint None - Low Brooks and Ross Schofield No data Low Del Fatti Construction No.1 None - Low Kopp None - Low Lloyd Keller Stratford 1 Low McMillan Marsh None - Low Mosinee Mosinee 0 Low Winding Creek Diversion None - Low

All dams perceived as posing a threat to downstream development should have a dam failure analysis performed in order to identify the hydraulic shadow (area of land downstream from a dam that would be inundated by water upon failure of the dam during a regional flood). This information can be used to develop an Emergency Action Plan (EAP) for the dam. This EAP includes provisions for notifying emergency authorities for assistance and warning affected downstream communities if the potential for failure exists. EAPs for the Wausau Dam and Rothschild Dam are on file at Marathon County Emergency Management (MCEM) and are updated on a regular basis.

Fire

Hazard Analysis Fire refers to the natural phenomenon that occurs whenever a combustible fuel source comes into contact with oxygen at an extremely high temperature. A forest fire is an uncontrolled fire occurring in a forest or in woodlands outside the limits of incorporated villages or cities. A wildfire constitutes uncontrolled burning in brush, marshlands, grasslands, or fields. According to the WDNR, most fires are started by humans, the most common cause being careless burning of debris. Natural fires caused by lightning only account for one percent of all forest fires and wildfires in Wisconsin. Natural fires are healthy and essential to a forest ecosystem. The USDA Fire Service indicates that Wisconsin is in an ecosystem zone in which natural fires occur approximately every 125 to 180 years.

According to the WDNR, forest fires and wildfires are most likely to occur in the spring and early summer from March to July, with April being the most likely month for wildfires. The season length and peak months may vary greatly from year to year. Factors influencing season length or fire frequency can include land use, vegetation, and amount of combustible materials present. Weather conditions such as wind, low humidity and drought are also major factors.

There are approximately 1,500 forest fires annually totaling approximately 5,000 acres burned in Wisconsin. Humans account for 90% of all wildfires according to the WDNR. Figure 3-8 shows the breakdown of the causes of forest fires in Wisconsin. The most common cause is the burning of debris, including grass and other yard waste.

Source:Figure 3 -Wisconsin8 Causes of Department Fires in Wisconsin of Natural Resources

History in Marathon County Marathon County is covered by five wildfire districts (figure 3-9). Wisconsin DNR is responsible for forest and wild fires in most areas of Marathon County. Wild land fires outside of the DNR districts are reported to the local fire department. Table 3-8 lists wild land fires reported in DNR fire districts in Marathon County. A significant fire burned over 160 acres in the Mead Wildlife Area in 2008. There are on average 27 forest fires every year in the DNR districts in Marathon County, averaging 52 acres burned. Historical wild fire data is not available for the area outside of the DNR districts.

Table 3-9 Forest Fires in DNR Fire Districts in Marathon County 2005-2010

YEAR NUMBER OF FIRES ACRES BURNED 2005 36 26.9 2006 34 21.5 2007 22 19.4 2008 19 161.6 2009 29 39 2010 24 43.2 Average 27 52 Source: WIDNR – Forestry (Marathon County Office)

Vulnerability Estimates Marathon County is approximately 38% forested, totaling approximately 600 square miles of mixed forest. The larger blocks of forested land are concentrated in the eastern half and along the northern border of the County. Western Marathon County forests are in smaller blocks, primarily along the edges of farm fields and along shorelines. It is unlikely that a large forest fire would occur in Marathon County because of the many highways that act as natural fire breaks.

Rural areas are often further from emergency services and may be located in remote areas with poor access, which delays response times. Availability of water may also be an issue in some areas. Buildings in rural areas also have a greater likelihood of being surrounded by brush, forest, or other more combustible materials, which may increase the speed and distance fire spreads.

In addition to structural damage to physical property, fires are a serious risk to human health and safety. People become victims of extreme heat, smoke inhalation, severe burns, and death. Likewise, wildlife and livestock can also be susceptible to death and injury from fire. According to the United States Fire Administration (USFA) approximately 4,000 people are killed and 25,000 more are injured in fires each year in the United States.

All areas of the County are vulnerable to fire, but the eastern half of the County, especially along the northern border, may be particularly vulnerable because of the higher concentration of wooded land and forestry units. Campgrounds are also a concern because of campfires.

Future Probability and Potential Losses According to historical data provided by the WDNR, forest fires and wildfires are fairly common occurrences in Marathon County, with an average of 27 fires per year in the County over the last 5 ½ years. Because this average only represents the area in Marathon County that is in the DNR fire districts, Marathon County can expect over 27 fires to occur in any given future year.

The Wisconsin DNR assessed wildfires in Wisconsin using the factors of hazard, wildlife-urban interface and ignition risk. Communities that were assessed as high and very high levels of threat to wildfire are considered Communities-at-Risk. A Community of Concern is a community that has areas of high or very high fire risk, but the community as a whole does not meet the criteria for high or very high threat classification. The Marathon County Communities-at-Risk and Communities of Concern are identified in table 3-9.

Table 3-10 Fire Danger: Communities-at-Risk and Communities of Concern

Community Wildfire Threat Rating Maine Community of Concern Texas Community of Concern Marathon Community of Concern Rib Mountain Community-at-Risk, High Weston (town) Community-at-Risk, High Weston (Village) Community of Concern Ringle Community of Concern Mosinee (town) Community-at-Risk, High Kronenwetter Community-at-Risk, High Reid Community of Concern Knowlton Community-at-Risk, High Bevent Community-at-Risk, High Source: State of Wisconsin Hazard Mitigation Plan

Loss estimation depends on the area in which the fire takes place. If it occurs in a commercial forest unit, it could cause thousands of dollars worth of damage to marketable timber. If it occurs in an area that is used only for passive recreation or preservation, it is more difficult to estimate the loss, as it would occur in terms of loss to wildlife or enjoyment opportunities. At some times a fire would be considered beneficial to a forest unit, because it would clear out excessive undergrowth and allow for healthier re-growth of vegetation.

The most costly fire is a fire that affects structures or personal property. This depends on the nature and value of the structure, and the total number of structures affected. Dollar losses could total in the millions.

Figure 3-9 Marathon County WIDNR Fire Districts

Transportation Incidents

Hazard Analysis According to the Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT), a crash is “an occurrence that originates or terminates on a traffic way, which involves at least one motor vehicle in transport and results in injury or death to any person, or damage to any property.” Crashes can involve automobiles, trains, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians.

Transportation accidents, especially motor vehicle accidents, are influenced by a wide variety of factors, including disregard of traffic control, high speeds, failure to yield, alcohol, and adverse weather conditions, among others. According to WisDOT, most crashes in Marathon County are speed-related. Most rail accidents are caused by equipment failure.

Airplane accidents also occur, but with different sets of circumstances, as airplanes do not regularly encounter other modes of transportation. Nationally, most airplane accidents are caused by faulty equipment, pilot error, adverse weather, and terrorist activities.

Transportation accidents of all kinds can occur at any time of day, any day of the year. They are reported in terms of fatalities, injuries and property damage.

History in Marathon County

Motor Vehicle Crashes The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) reported 17,945 motor vehicle crashes in Marathon County during the six year time period of 2004-2009. This is an average of 3,049 crashes each year. The loss to life and property for these crashes are shown in table 3-10.

In 2009, WisDOT reported 542 people killed on Wisconsin roads, or just over one life lost each day in Wisconsin. On average, there is one injury or fatal crash every 17.3 minutes, one property damage crash every 6.6 minutes and one traffic crash every 4.8 minutes in Wisconsin. Fifty-seven percent of all crashes occurred on county and local roads.

Table 3-11 Summary of Motor Vehicle Crashes in Marathon County 1997-2008

Year Fatal # of Injury # Property Total Economic Crashes Fatalities Crashes persons Damage Crashes Loss injured Crashes

1997 13 19 941 2,555 3,509 $55,350,500 1998 17 17 910 2,548 3,475 $58,810,500 1999 16 17 977 1,414 2,558 3,551 $61,137,100 2000 20 24 958 1,365 2,748 3,726 $68,777,300 2001 16 19 844 1,214 2,239 3,099 $58,214,300 2002 23 23 859 1,218 2,340 3,222 $39,145,700 2003 27 31 885 1,230 2,319 3,231 $38,984,500 2004 15 19 860 1,243 2,341 3,216 $48,564,100 2005 20 23 834 1,135 2,137 2,991 $42,466,200 2006 20 20 823 1,142 2,219 3,062 $44,451,800 2007 24 26 743 1,032 2,020 2,787 $44,058,400 2008 13 17 822 2,353 3,188 $46,623,300 2009 2,701 Totals 224 255 10456 28,377 39,057 $606,583,700 Source: WisDOT Bureau of Transportation Safety

Rail Incidents The risk for a potentially catastrophic event increases when two or more modes of transportation collide. These accidents are usually caused by misjudgment on the part of one of the drivers or system operators. Highway-rail incidents are the most commonly reported rail accidents. According to the Federal Railroad Administration, there were no motor vehicle crashes involving trains in 2004 and 2007 in Marathon County. In 2005, 2006 and 2008, Marathon County tied or led the state in motor vehicle/train crashes. In 2009, the number of crashes at railroad crossings in Marathon County was similar to other counties.

Table 3-11 details the highway-rail incidents in Marathon County from 1999 – 2009. Appendix C identifies the public railroad crossings and daily count of trains. The locations of the crossings are shown in figure 3-10.

Table 3-12 Highway-Rail Incidents in Marathon County 1999-2009

Rail Property Date Equipment Hwy user Deaths Injuries Damage Location Municipality Crossing 03/25/1999 Freight train Pickup 1 $5,000 Foremost Drive Rothschild 392800S 06/22/1999 Yard/switch Bus $3,000 Alderson Street Schofield 181991W 11/02/1999 Freight train Pickup $1,500 Eagle Road Spencer 689930N 02/23/2000 Freight train Truck/trailer 1 $10,000 Morrison Avenue Weston 392798T 04/26/2000 Yard/switch Car $6,000 5th Avenue Wausau 182034V 07/05/2000 Yard/switch Truck/trailer $12,000 Alderson Street Schofield 181991W 07/12/2000 Freight train Car $500 26th Road Spencer 689924K 10/20/2000 Freight train Car 1 $4,000 26th Road Spencer 689925S 11/05/2000 Freight train Car $4,000 LaSalle Street Spencer 689935X 12/12/2000 Freight train Pickup 1 $5,000 Karau Rd Spencer 689927F 01/31/2001 Freight train Car 1 $5,000 Jackson Street Wausau 392823Y 02/21/2001 Yard/switch Pickup $5,000 3rd Avenue Wausau 182046P 02/26/2001 Light loco Car $4,000 Alley Wausau 182043U 04/21/2001 Yard/switch Car $6,500 6th Street Wausau 392831R 09/04/2001 Freight train Truck/trailer $6,000 Foremost Drive Rothschild 392800S 12/12/2001 Freight train Car 1 $5,000 Foremost Drive Rothschild 392800S 02/22/2002 Yard/switch Van 1 $4,000 Thomas Street Wausau 182051L 02/26/2002 Light loco Car Alley Wausau 05/02/2002 Yard/switch Pickup $3,000 9th Avenue Wausau 182042M 06/27/2002 Freight train Truck 1 $10,000 Hanson/Eagle Rd Spencer 689930N 07/31/2002 Yard/switch Car $4,000 West Street Wausau 182041F 09/18/2002 Yard/switch Pickup 1 $4,500 S. 3rd Avenue Wausau 182031A 10/18/2002 Freight train Pickup $500 Old Grand Avenue Rothschild 392808W 11/27/2002 Freight train Pickup 1 $6,500 Morrison Avenue Weston 392798T 12/13/2002 Freight train Truck/trailer 1 $20,000 Morrison Avenue Weston 392798T 01/08/2003 Light loco Car 1 $7,000 River Drive Wausau 182011N 01/17/2003 Freight Train Car 1 $10,000 26th Road Spencer 689925S 02/04/2003 Freight train Truck/trailer $5,000 Mann Rd Marshfield 692619D 02/10/2003 Light loco Van $1,000 6th Street Wausau 182036J 03/10/2003 Freight train Truck/trailer $7,000 Devoe Street Wausau 392841W 07/01/2003 Freight train Car 1 $10,000 1st Street West Wausau 392894V

Rail Property Date Equipment Hwy user Deaths Injuries Damage Location Municipality Crossing 10/22/2003 Freight train Van $10,000 Townline Road Wausau 699420M 01/14/2005 Freight train Truck/trailer $20,000 Foremost DR Wausau 392800S 02/28/2005 Light loco Car $2,000 Old 51 Road Rothschild 392797L 03/10/2005 Freight train Van $6,646 Alley Wausau 182047W 03/25/2005 Freight train Pickup $1,795 Eagle Road Spencer 689930N 04/18/2005 Freight train Car $2,500 Alley Wausau 182047W 06/24/2005 Freight train Car $500 West Street Wausau 182041F 06/28/2005 Freight train Car $1,749 28th Ave Wausau 182057C 08/16/2005 Freight train Truck 1 1 $25,000 Hoff Rd Spencer 689926Y 09/09/2005 Freight train Car 1 $5,500 River Ln Knowlton 392771J 01/25/2006 Freight train Truck/trailer $4,000 Wausau Concrete Wausau 392844S 05/05/2006 Yard/switch Car $2,000 1st Ave Wausau 182029Y 08/24/2006 Yard/switch Pickup $400 Cherry St Wausau 182016X 11/16/2006 Freight train Van $1,500 Charles St Schofield 392810X 01/26/2008 Freight train Car $2,000 CTH WW Brokaw 392852J 02/20/2008 Freight train Snow blower $200 Main St Spencer 689934R 03/10/2008 Yard/switch Car $1,500 48th Ave Wausau 182060K 03/24/2008 Freight train Truck/trailer 2 $20,000 28th Ave Wausau 182057C 04/18/2008 Yard/switch Car $6,500 Private Crossing Wausau 182028S 12/16/2008 Freight train Car $3,500 7th Ave Wausau 182037R 12/20/2008 Yard/switch Car $3,000 Private Wausau 182017E 12/26/2008 Freight train Car $2,500 5th Avenue Wausau 182045H 01/12/2009 Yard/switch Car $5,000 5th Avenue Wausau 182045H 01/17/2009 Yard/switch Car 1 $3,000 Private Crossing Wausau 182028S 01/23/2009 Light loco Car $3,000 West Street Wausau 182041F 03/04/2009 Light loco Truck/trailer $1,000 Sherman St Wausau 182049K 03/24/2009 Yard/switch Car $2,500 Stewart Ave Wausau 182012V 04/16/2009 Yard/switch Car 1 $2,500 Alderson St Weston 181991W 05/04/2009 Freight train Van $5,000 Wausau Ave Wausau 392840P Total: 60 incidents 2 19 $319,790

Figure 3-10 Marathon County Railroad Crossings 79

Aviation Incidents Although no aviation incidents between 1994 and 2010 have involved commercial flights with passengers, the recreational activity of hot air ballooning has resulted in several injuries but no deaths. Each year the City of Wausau becomes a destination for balloonists who display their hot air balloons and provide rides to the public. None of the incidents involving injuries occurred during this event.

The table 3-12 describes the aviation incidents in Marathon County from 1994 to 2010.

Table 3-13 Aviation Incidents in Marathon County 1994-2010

Date Location Probable Cause 6/22/1995 Wausau Pilot error 8/25/1996 Wausau Pilot error and uneven runway 3/15/1999 Wausau Unexplained loss of engine power 5/13/2003 Stratford, farm field Pilot error 9/8/2003 Wausau Loose tail wheel assembly 11/22/2003 Wausau Pilot error 12/16/2003 Mosinee Pilot error 07/24/2004 Wausau High Winds/Hot Air Balloon 12/22/2006 Mosinee Snow bank/Terrain/Wind/Snow 12/08/2007 Wausau Pilot Error 06/13/2009 Marathon City High Winds/Hot Air Balloon Source: Federal Aviation Administration

Vulnerability Estimates Transportation accidents are often directly linked to other hazards. Adverse weather conditions such as heavy precipitation, high winds, fire (smoke), flooding, or icy roads can create dangerous driving or flying conditions, resulting in an accident. Also, additional hazards such as fires can occur as a result of a transportation accident. The risk is increased when the vehicle is transporting hazardous materials. Hazardous materials are carried most often by trucks, but also by rail and airplane. The presence of any of these factors can increase the risk of a hazard event. Although these factors may make an area more susceptible to a hazard event, all areas of Marathon County are at risk for transportation incidents.

Motor Vehicle Crashes Motor vehicle crashes are widespread in Marathon County. While the number of crashes in urban and rural areas does not differ significantly, more fatalities occur in the rural areas. Therefore, rural areas may be more vulnerable to fatal crashes. This may be due to lighting, topography, road conditions, increased speed, and encounters with wildlife.

Road construction zones are also more vulnerable to motor vehicle crashes due to additional roadway obstructions, unfamiliar routes, changes in speed, and presence of workers. Heavily traveled roads roadways also increase the risk of motor vehicle crashes. State Highway 29 and

Interstate 39 run concurrently between the State Highway 29 East interchange south of Wausau to the State Highway 29 West interchange north of Wausau. This shared section of freeway is the most heavily traveled section of highway in the county and should be considered vulnerable. The reconstruction of these interchanges was complete in 2010. The project increased capacity and safety. A network of local road connections was established and upgraded to increase local road capacity and diminish conflicts between local and freeway traffic.

Rail All railroad crossings are vulnerable to vehicle/train crashes. How vulnerable each crossing is depends on the type of warning, frequency of trains, location, and levels of traffic. The crossings that have had 3 or more vehicle/train crashes in the past 10 years include: Foremost Drive, Rothschild (4) Eagle Road, Spencer (3) Morrison Avenue, Rothschild (3) West Street, Wausau (3)

Aviation Many commercial and private aircraft fly over Marathon County; however most aircraft crashes occur at or near an airport. Therefore the Wausau Municipal Airport in Wausau and the Central Wisconsin Airport in Mosinee should be considered vulnerable resources.

Future Probability and Potential Losses According to WisDOT an average of 3,254 motor vehicle crashes occur in Marathon County each year. There is a certainty that these incidents will continue on a daily basis. There have been 60 roadway-rail accidents in the County over a ten year period, and eleven aviation accidents in a 16 year period reported by the Federal Rail Administration and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), respectively. Based on historical data, Marathon County experiences on average, five vehicle/train accidents. Residents can expect a 69% chance of an aviation accident occurring in any given year.

Although the frequency of highway/rail incidents at any particular location has been fairly low in the past, as traffic volumes and/or train volumes increase, the frequency of collisions is also likely to increase. The same can be said for any type of motor vehicle crash. As population increases, the number of vehicles will also rise, increasing the likelihood of collisions.

Losses from transportation incidents typically include fatality, injury and property damage, which can range from a few hundred dollars to hundreds of thousands of dollars for large-scale or aviation crashes. In addition, there are indirect costs such as clean up and investigation to determine the cause. These types of accidents can be even more disastrous if they occur in

commercial passenger jets or passenger trains, or if trains or aircraft crash into heavily populated areas.

According to the five-year average (2004-2008) of motor vehicle crashes and economic loss (including fatality, injury and property damage), the average motor vehicle crash in Marathon County incurs a cost of $14,836. Again, the range of damage costs can run from several hundreds of dollars to hundreds of thousands, depending on the severity of the crash and the number of passengers.

Severe Thunderstorms

Hazard Analysis Thunderstorms are generated by instability in the atmosphere accompanied by moisture. The National Weather Service defines severe thunderstorms as having winds in excess of 58 mph, hail 0.75 inch in diameter or greater, or a thunderstorm that occurs in conjunction with a tornado. All thunderstorms contain lightning. Lightning is an electrical discharge that results from the buildup of positive and negative charges within a thunderstorm. When the buildup becomes strong enough, lightning appears as a "bolt." This flash of light usually occurs within the clouds or between the clouds and the ground. A bolt of lightning reaches a temperature approaching 50,000 degrees Fahrenheit in a split second. The rapid heating and cooling of air near the lightning causes thunder. In the United States, 75 to 100 Americans are hit and killed each year by lightning.

According to the NWS, a typical thunderstorm is 15 miles in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes. Thunderstorms may occur singly, in clusters or in lines. Thus, it is possible for several thunderstorms to affect one location in the course of a few hours. Some of the most severe weather occurs when a single thunderstorm affects one location for a more extended period of time. Thunderstorms can carry an arsenal of accompanying hazards. In addition to thunder and lightning, thunderstorms can include heavy rain, high winds, and hail. Hail is produced by many strong thunderstorms, and can be smaller than a pea or as large as a softball. Heavy rains in short periods of time or steady rain for longer periods of time can also result in flooding and flash flooding. Thunderstorms are also often the precursors for tornadoes. Tornadoes are discussed fully in an earlier section.

Thunderstorms are fairly common across the Midwestern Unites States. In Marathon County, historically; May through August is the peak of thunderstorm activity. Thunderstorms usually peak in the afternoon and evening, when convectional heating is at a maximum.

History in Marathon County According to the NCDC, there have been 305 thunderstorm and high wind events in Marathon County between 1950 and 2010. Of these 305, 136 included hail, 16 were listed solely as lightning storms and 180 thunderstorm wind events. In addition there were 47 tornadoes. These storms resulted in one death, twenty-one injuries, $18.4 million in property damage and $3.4 million in crop damage, largely due to strong winds, heavy rain, and hail.

In the last five years there have been several significant thunderstorms that impacted Marathon County:

July 20, 2010: Severe thunderstorms developed across northeast Wisconsin as a weak surface boundary encountered an unstable air mass. The storms produced winds estimated as high as 100 mph and hail to golf ball size, causing millions of dollars in damage, power outages to thousands and injuring one person. East of Wausau, a barn collapsed, killing or severely injuring 50 head of milking cattle. Part of the milking parlor also collapsed. A flat-bed trailer with irrigation piping was moved about 20 feet, with some of the piping blown over an adjacent residence and into a stand of pine trees. Less than a mile to the east the metal roof of a 25 foot by 25 foot shed was blown about 30 yards into an adjacent corn field. Marathon County damages were estimated to be $211K.

July 14, 2010: A man was injured and taken to Aspirus Hospital after being struck by lightning while standing outside on Stewart Avenue in Wausau. The extents of his injuries are unknown.

August 3, 2009: Thunderstorms snapped or uprooted two dozen trees on Rib Mountain, some as wide as 2 feet in diameter. The fallen trees caused damage to 6 homes in the area. Estimated damages in Marathon County totaled $65K.

April 25, 2008: Baseball size hail caused damage to several vehicles in Marathon City.

June 7, 2007: The first tornado of the outbreak formed 9.4 miles east of Mosinee at 4:01 PM CDT. The storm moved across eastern Marathon County where it heavily damaged 2 homes, 1 mobile home and 10 barns; caused major damage to 1 home; did minor damage to 6 homes and 1 business; and snapped or uprooted many trees. The tornado dissipated near Pike Lake at 4:14 PM CDT. The average path width of the tornado was 150 yards. The tornado was rated EF2 with estimated winds of 115 to 125 mph.

Vulnerability Estimates All areas of Marathon County are vulnerable to thunderstorms. As with other hazards, centers of higher population such as the Wausau Metropolitan Area can be regarded as particularly vulnerable because there is more of a threat to human safety and property damage.

Severe thunderstorms have most of the same impacts as tornadoes, but usually to a lesser degree. As with tornadoes, mobile homes are among the most vulnerable structures when considering potential thunderstorm damage, due to the nature of their construction. It is much easier for severe thunderstorms to damage a mobile home than standard houses and buildings. There are mobile home courts and private mobile homes scattered throughout the County. According to the 2008 American Community Survey estimates, there are 1,879 mobile homes in the planning area, making up about five percent of the housing stock. Weston has the largest number of mobile homes with a total of approximately 525 units. The City of Wausau, which is the largest municipality by population in Marathon County, reported approximately 120 units.

Campgrounds and park shelters are also very vulnerable to damage from thunderstorms, as people may be caught in severe conditions with little or no shelter. Campgrounds are also often

surrounded by trees, which presents an increased level of danger to campers from felled trees or falling limbs. There are a total of 401 formal campsites in the planning area. Campgrounds are more heavily occupied in the late spring to early fall months when weather is warmer and more conducive to camping, which consequently is also period of peak thunderstorm activity.

Thunderstorm damage is often widespread and can affect numerous other resources. Other resources that may be affected by a tornado include: Community facilities – hospitals, schools, nursing homes Public service – police and fire departments, social service organizations/shelters Utilities – power lines, telephone lines, radio and cell towers, public water supplies and wastewater treatment Transportation – debris blocking routes, public transportation not available Residential – garages, trees, siding, windows, chimneys, roofs Commercial – signs, windows, siding, billboards, roofs, loss of business Agriculture – outbuildings, crops, livestock, equipment Recreation – parks, forested lands

Future Probability and Potential Losses With 305 occurrences reported by the NCDC over 60 years, thunderstorms are the most frequently occurring natural hazard event in Marathon County. Marathon County residents can expect about three severe thunderstorms in any given year. It is difficult to determine the probability of future storms as reports to the NCDC can include wind, hail and lightening data that can be inclusive of each other in one similar storm.

Historical data from NCDC was used to estimate potential future dollar losses due to severe thunderstorms. Estimated damages from past thunderstorms in Marathon County have reached up to $8 million. Based on $21.8 million in total damages for 305 events, Marathon County might expect damages of $714,754 per severe thunderstorm on average. However, out of the 305 thunderstorm events reported, two caused damages in excess of $1 million; one caused damages between $500,000 and $999,000; five caused damages between $100,000 and $499,000; two caused damages between $30,000 and $99,000; and 295 caused damages of $25,000 or less. If Tornadoes were to be included in these totals the numbers would be significantly different as tornadoes account for the highest storm damage totals in Marathon County.

Agricultural/Hydrologic Drought

Hazard Analysis Many people consider droughts to be a rare event when in fact they are a normal and recurrent feature of the climate. Drought implies a lack of moisture for an extended period of time which in turns causes a deficit of moisture in the soil. This can mean different things for different areas. For areas which receive high amounts of precipitation, a condition of drought can develop more rapidly than in an area which does not receive high amounts of precipitation. Many problems can arise due to droughts, including crop damage and water supply shortage.

How severe a drought is depends mostly on the degree of the deficiency, the time period, and the size of the area affected. The timing is also a significant factor with the onset/duration of droughts. The primary season, in which a drought occurs, delays in the beginning of the normal rainy time periods, and rain events occurring relative to the growth stage of crops are examples of this timing.

Drought can occur anywhere in Marathon County. Droughts in Wisconsin typically occur in the summer months, when weather is warmer.

History in Marathon County According to the Marathon County/Municipal Hazard Analysis, drought has occurred statewide in 1895, 1910, 1948, 1958, 1974, 1975, 1976, 1988 and 2008. In 1974, the drought resulted in serious shortage of animal feed for farmers in Marathon County. In 1975, farmers in the County also experienced crop damage. The 1976 drought brought severe crop yield decline and the drying up of many wells. In 1988, approximately $28.9 million in crop damage occurred in the County. The NCDC also reports the month of March 1999 as one of driest months on record across northeast Wisconsin, with many locations receiving less than a quarter inch of precipitation for the month. No crop damage or property damage numbers were reported, and no injuries or deaths resulted from the drought.

More recently drought conditions in north-central Wisconsin were reported by the NCDC. During the time period September 30, 2008 until September 22, 2010 drought conditions were reported across most of north-central Wisconsin. During this time NCDC rated the area as severe (D2). There were brief occasions when the level was lowered to moderate (D1). Again in May 2010 a drought was reported due to a dry spring. During the summer of 2010 additional precipitation fell removing the drought warnings from the north-central region. The NCDC did not report any property damage estimates and no deaths or injuries were reported.

The NCDC uses the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) to show long-term (cumulative) meteorological drought and wet conditions. The PDSI can be used to help delineate disaster areas and indicate the availability of water supplies, water levels, and potential intensity of forest fires. Figure 3-11 shows the PDSI for North Central Wisconsin for the period of 1895 – 2010.

Figure 3-11 Wisconsin Palmer Drought Severity Index 1895-2010

Vulnerability Assessment Marathon County relies almost exclusively upon groundwater as a source of water for industrial, residential and agricultural activities. Adequate supplies of groundwater are dependent upon the recharge of aquifers through rain and snow fall. Extended drought can have significant impact upon local and regional water availability. Once depleted, the recovery of aquifer supplies requires a many years. Water shortage can be more of an issue in municipal areas, where consumptive demand is highest. However, large scale livestock agriculture, irrigation agriculture, and rural industries are high users of water also. According to the Marathon County Land Cover Database, approximately 36 percent of the land in the County is used for agriculture, which includes both crops and animal feedlots.

Along with land use and consumption, certain areas of Marathon County are limited in the ability to produce high yield aquifers and pose serious concerns for shortage in the event of a drought. Specifically, areas in shallow bedrock formations (the central part of the County adjacent to the alluvial deposits) and the deep glacial till deposits along the western third of the County have low capacity aquifers.

Another 0.6 percent of the land base is used for specialty crops, such as ginseng. The majority of cropland is located in the western half of the County, where soils have been drained and developed for agricultural for production. Impacts of drought are both direct and indirect. Direct impacts could include reduced productivity of crop land, pasture land, and forest; reduced water levels; increased death of livestock and wildlife; increased fire hazard; and damage to fish and wildlife habitat. For example, reduced crop productivity can result in reduced income for farmers and agribusiness and higher prices for consumers. An increased fire hazard presents an increased risk to human and wildlife populations. Droughts can also increase the risk of insect infestation, wind erosion and plant disease; further reducing crop yields.

Future Probability and Potential Losses With ten drought occurrences reported by Marathon County and the NCDC between 1895 and 2008, severe drought could be expected to occur approximately every 11 years in Marathon

County. However, as evidenced in the consecutive drought years of 1974, 1975 and 1976, a drought can occur at anytime.

It is often difficult to come up with financial estimates of loss from drought conditions, due to the wide range of direct and indirect impacts that can result. Often damages are assessed in terms of crop damages or loss, but like for many hazards, these dollar figures don’t always capture the true cost to the greater community in terms of economic, social, and environmental factors.

Hazardous Materials Incidents

Hazard Analysis Hazardous materials are any substances or combination of substances which may negatively impact public health and safety and/or the environment if they are released uncontrollably. These include solid, liquid, gaseous, or semisolid substances which, because of their quantity, concentration, or infectious characteristics, pose a present or potential hazard. Such substances may be toxic, corrosive, flammable, irritable, or explosive. A hazardous materials incident occurs when one or more of such substances are accidentally released or threatened to be released.

Under the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA), a hazardous material is defined as any chemical that is a physical hazard or health hazard [defined at 29 CFR 1910.1200(c)] for which the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) requires a facility to maintain a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Under EPCRA there is no specific list of hazardous materials. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) identified 356 Extremely Hazardous Substances (EHS) [40 CFR Part 355].

Hazardous materials incidents can occur anywhere in the County, at any time.

History in Marathon County According to MCEM, 411 hazardous materials incidents occurred in Marathon County between 1990 and 2010. Table 3-13 lists these incidents by substance.

Table 3-14 Hazardous Materials Incidents in Marathon County 1990-2010

Substance Total Incidents Petroleum Products 213 Oils 46 Aviation Fuel 5 Agricultural Chemicals 16 Acid 16 Solvent 11 Chlorine 8 Ammonia 23 PCB’s 3 Liquid Propane 7 Unknown White Substance 5 Other 58 Total 411

Approximately 64% of the reported hazardous materials incidents from 1990 to 2010 involved petroleum products (motor vehicle fuels, oils, and aviation fuel). Substances included in the “other” category are of unknown origin. Six incidents of unknown origin in 1998 resulted in 90 people being treated at the hospital. MCEM reports that the substance may have been pepper spray that had somehow been placed in the school ventilation system; however the substance was never positively identified. Six incidents of another unknown substance in 1999 resulted in 20 people being transported to the hospital.

On June 12, 2008, 23 people were injured at Brokaw Paper Mill after a trucking company from out of the area poured Phosphoric Acid into a tank containing Sodium-Hypochlorite creating Chlorine gas. Most of those injured reported irritation to their eyes and respiratory systems. The paper mill was re-opened the next day. The Marathon County Hazardous Materials Team responded to the incident along with local fire departments and law enforcement.

Vulnerability Assessment

Fixed Facilities Fixed facilities are facilities which are not mobile, and contain hazardous materials on a regular basis. These are most often chemical or petroleum storage facilities or tanks. According to the Marathon County County-Wide Hazardous Materials Response Plan, there are 50 Emergency Planning Facilities (EPF) scattered throughout the County. EPFs are facilities which store, produce, or use any EHSs in quantities equal to or greater than U.S. EPA-established Threshold Planning Quantities (TPQs). The most common EHSs at fixed facilities in the County are: Sulfuric acid Chlorine Anhydrous ammonia Nitric acid

These chemicals are most often used in pesticides or water treatment. There are also several petroleum storage facilities in Marathon County.

Transportation Routes Hazardous materials are transported through a variety of modes in the County, including highway, airplane, rail, and pipelines.

Highways Trucks carry the bulk of hazardous materials throughout the County. Every roadway in the County is a potential route for hazardous material transport, but major transportation routes include the following: US 51/I 39 STH 29 STH 13 STH 153 STH 49 STH 52 STH 107 STH 97

Magellan Pipeline Terminal is a large fuel storage terminal in Kronenwetter which services trucks carrying large cargos of fuel products.

Airports The Central Wisconsin Airport in Mosinee serves as a regional hub to various freight and delivery companies, and hazardous materials are shipped through the airport. The Wausau Municipal Airport in Wausau caters more to small, private aircraft.

Railroads The Wisconsin Central LTD Railroad provides two primary trunks through the County. One extends to the north and south through the central part of the County, along the Wisconsin River. The second trunk follows STH 13 along the western edge of the County.

Although most chemicals are transported by truck, rail can carry significantly larger loads of hazardous materials. There are no annual statistics available regarding the specific EHSs transported by rail in Marathon County, but the potential exists for the transport of any EHSs listed in the U.S. EPA or OSHA lists. These substances are transported in many different sizes of containers, some up to 196,000 pounds of rail car quantities.

The City of Wausau has also expressed particular concern regarding un-gated railroad crossings at 3rd, 5th, and 6th Streets; 1st and 3rd Avenues; Franklin Street (CTH Z) and County Line Road (CTH N). Each of these roads is designated truck routes, and the concern is that a locomotive could collide with a tanker truck carrying gasoline or some other hazardous material.

Pipelines ANR Pipeline Company provides the major natural gas pipeline through the County. Wisconsin Fuel and Light is a smaller network which provides natural gas to residential and commercial customers.

The Lake Head Pipeline transports crude oil, and runs through the southwest corner of the County. Magellan Pipeline Company provides a large petroleum product pipeline that enters the County on the western edge north of Abbotsford, and terminates at the storage facility terminal in Kronenwetter.

Quick response is necessary for hazardous materials incidents, because these materials may impact public health and safety and/or the environment if they are not controlled quickly. Hazardous substances can contaminate groundwater, affecting drinking water supplies for local communities. They can also contaminate surface water, which can kill wildlife, especially fish. Humans and wildlife may also experience long-term effects of exposure to hazardous materials, such as birth defects or vulnerability to certain diseases, such as cancer. Direct contact can also cause burning, breathing problems, and numerous other health-related issues or death, depending on the chemical. Although petroleum products are not considered EHSs, they can still have some of the same effects as the more hazardous substances.

Future Probability and Potential Losses With 411 incidents over 20 years reported to MCEM, hazardous materials incidents could be expected to occur approximately 21 times per year in Marathon County.

Due to the lack of loss estimates, it is difficult to develop an estimate of potential dollar losses for future hazardous materials incidents. The cost of clean-up is the primary factor driving the estimated loss, but there are several impacts which may be long-term and immeasurable in dollar figures. For instance, a hazardous substance may potentially have long-term effects to humans, wildlife, or ecosystems that may not be discovered until many years later. In addition, the cost of initial clean-up depends on the nature and toxicity of the substance, and the magnitude of the spill or incident. If an incident occurs in a highly populated area, the impacts could be greater than if it occurred in a rural area, because more people may be exposed. There are a number of variables, and cost of clean-up can range from several hundred dollars to several million dollars.

Groundwater Contamination

Hazard Analysis Groundwater is a very important resource in the County, as it is the major source of all water consumption. All public and private water supplies and most of the domestic, industrial and agricultural supplies rely on groundwater. From 1979 to 2005, total water use in Marathon County increased from 47.7 million gallons per day to 68.2 million gallons per day. Most

groundwater reserves are held in glacial drift aquifers consisting of sand and gravel that allows for rapid percolation and flow to most areas.

Due to the County’s heavy dependence on groundwater, contamination can be a serious problem. Groundwater contamination occurs when contaminants reach levels that are considered unsafe for humans and/or animals to be exposed to or drink. Contamination can be caused by septic system failures, water treatment problems, agricultural runoff (fertilizers, animal waste), urban runoff (industrial chemicals, yard fertilizer, household chemicals), hazardous waste spills or leaks, and leaking landfills. Three contaminants present in Marathon County that are of particular concern are coli form bacteria, nitrates and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Coli form bacteria are microorganisms found in surface water, soil and in the feces of humans and animals. They do not usually cause disease. However, their presence indicates that fecal wastes may be contaminating the water and means that pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms could be present. If human or animal wastes are contaminating the water, gastrointestinal diseases, hepatitis, or other diseases may result. Presence of a specific fecal coli form bacteria, E. coli, is more conclusive evidence of fecal contamination, which presents an even greater health risk than total coli form bacteria.

Nitrate nitrogen is a commonly used lawn and agricultural fertilizer. It is also a chemical formed in the decomposition of waste materials, such as manure or sewage. High nitrate levels (> 10 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) can cause birth defects, miscarriages, and infant illness. High nitrate levels also suggest that other contaminants might be present. The natural level of nitrate in Wisconsin’s groundwater is less than 0.2 mg/L. Nitrite is an unstable form of nitrogen that might be found in small amounts along with nitrate. Sometimes results of nitrate and nitrite are reported together.

VOCs are a group of commonly used chemicals that evaporate when exposed to air. Since they dissolve many other substances, VOCs are widely used as cleaning and liquefying agents in fuels, degreasers, solvents, polishes, cosmetics, drugs, and dry cleaning solutions. Some common VOC's are trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (also called "perchlorethylene," which is dry cleaning fluid), trichloroethane, benzene, toluene, and xylenes. VOCs can irritate the eyes and throat if inhaled in large quantities or consistently over time. Many VOCs are known carcinogens, and many more are suspected.

The State of Wisconsin mandates Wellhead Protection Plans for any municipal drinking well installed after 1996. Currently, seventeen public water sources and two sanitary districts have Wellhead Protection Plans. These plans serve to protect the public water supply through proactive steps to prevent contaminants from entering public water supply wells.

Groundwater contamination can occur anywhere in the County, at any time.

History in Marathon County There have been several instances in the County where groundwater quality has been changed in some way due to a past incident of contamination. The following are a few incidents as reported in the Marathon County 2001 Groundwater Protection Guide.

In spring 1999, contaminants were detected in the groundwater monitoring wells at the former Gorski Landfill in the Town of Mosinee. In July 2000, an investigation of the former landfill was re-initiated after the discovery that potentially hazardous chemicals remained in the local water supply. The primary contaminants found were VOCs. The WDNR is still investigating. The cost to date is undetermined.

In 1986, work was completed on the Rib Mountain Metropolitan Sewage District sewer and water facility. The project was in response to long-term groundwater problems experienced in the Town. The cost to date for this project is $21.6 million. In addition, landowners paid between $600 and $4,000 each to connect their homes to the new system.

In May 1985, 95 wells in the Town of Stettin were found to be contaminated and unsafe for cooking and drinking. This problem later expanded to more wells and resulted in the 1986 annexation of more than 700 homes, 1,500 persons and $39 million in assessed property to the City of Wausau. New municipal water lines were constructed in the area at a cost of $1.75 million.

In 1982, 35 residential homes located adjacent to a potato field near Mosinee were found to have unsafe levels of Aldicarb, a highly toxic pesticide, in their well water. The incident caused great anxiety among landowners, especially pregnant women and those with small children. It also resulted in some owners deepening their wells at considerable expense, only to find increases in iron and manganese levels replacing the Aldicarb in the water. Although these elements don’t represent the risk of Aldicarb, experimental filters are now being used. Other landowners chose not to increase well depth and are still experiencing high Aldicarb levels. Aldicarb has been banned from this potato growing area. The cost to date for well remediation and damages is undetermined.

Vulnerability Assessment Areas become vulnerable to groundwater contamination because they are naturally drainage deficient (porous soils), contain large supplies of valuable water (public water systems), or house a site that presents a risk (leaking landfill site). The vulnerability assessment will address these areas, as well as sensitive populations.

Water Sources

Public water supply systems Approximately two-thirds of Marathon County residents obtain their drinking water from public water supply sources. Most are municipal water systems. Other year-round systems that serve the same group of people include mobile home parks and other residential developments. Based on the 2009 American Community Survey population estimate of 131,619 estimating

that 2/3 of Marathon County residents get their water from a public water supply source results in approximately 87,750 residents on public water supplies. If these sources were to become contaminated, thousands of people could be affected.

The municipal water systems that serve residents of Marathon County are listed in table 3-14. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the amount of certain contaminants allowable in public water systems. Public water systems are therefore required to conduct testing for contaminants in the water supply. Required testing includes: disinfection byproducts, inorganic contaminants, microbiological contaminants including pesticides and herbicides, and volatile organic contaminants (VOC).

Table 3-15 Marathon County Public Water Systems

Public Water System Name Population 2009 Service Storage Capacity Wellhead Served Population Connects Protection Est. Plan *Abbotsford Waterworks 1,956 1,991 918 413420 yes Athens Waterworks 1,102 1,125 436 49000 *Birnamwood Waterworks 832 818 Brokaw Waterworks 140 229 60 60000 yes *Colby Waterworks 1,751 1,767 687 300000 yes *Dorchester Waterworks 834 855 398 250000 yes Edgar Waterworks 1,491 1,489 509 200000 yes Hatley Waterworks 385 526 191 yes Kronenwetter Water Works 6,080 6,517 1792 300000 yes Marathon City Waterworks 1,695 1,630 602 yes *Marshfield Utilities 18,708 19,413 7977 4229600 yes Mosinee Waterworks 4,134 4,232 1716 1025000 yes Rib Mountain Metropolitan 5,850 7,652 2342 yes Sewage District 1 Rothschild Waterworks 3,190 5,390 1404 688000 yes Schofield Waterworks 2,117 2,309 1008 525000 Spencer Waterworks 1,941 1,970 807 250000 yes Stratford Waterworks 1,651 1,594 554 190000 yes Wausau Waterworks 38,426 40,700 15643 5300000 yes Weston Waterworks 13,300 14,310 3525 450000 yes Total Population on Public 105,583 Water Source: http://dnr.wi.gov/org/water/dwg/gw/wellhead.htm * municipalities service multiple counties

Municipal water supply issues/hazards: The City of Abbotsford currently has high quality water; however the quantity of water available is of concern. In 2008, water treatment plant number 2 experienced a failure. The plant was non-functioning for 2 days. This posed a safety risk to the residents in the event of a fire. To address the issue, the city analyzed 3 alternatives to alleviate the water supply issue. The three alternatives investigated by the City include purchased water from another

municipality, developing a groundwater source of supply and developing a surface water source of supply, with interim groundwater wells. The City chose to pursue the 3rd alternative. Construction of a new water tower and main and a surface water treatment plant is anticipated to begin in late 2010.

The Village of Brokaw learned that one of their wells was contaminated. Wisconsin DNR ordered the Village to find a new water source. The decision was made that Brokaw would purchase water from Wausau. The city and village cost share the construction of a new booster station on the northwest side of Wausau. A pipeline was installed by Brokaw to serve the village. Brokaw purchases approximately 40,000 gallons per day.

Private water supply In rural areas, residents rely on private wells for their water supply. These rural residents account for about 36 percent of the County population. Private Wells serve fewer people, but may be at greater risk for certain types of contamination (i.e. nitrates) because they are located in areas that are typically agricultural and have higher instances of fertilizer or animal waste runoff. Private Wells can also be contaminated by private septic systems, which may be more likely to leak.

Of the 1,862 private wells tested in 2008 by the Marathon County Health Department, 16.9% tested unsafe for coli form bacteria. 8.5% of wells that were tested for nitrate-nitrogen tested unsafe, and 4.7% of the wells tested for fluoride had unsafe fluoride levels. (These samples may include multiple samples on the same well, which could result in successive unsafe or safe samples, which could skew the actual percentages of unsafe testing.)

52% of private well samples taken between 1990 and 2006 showed elevated nitrates. Nitrates serve as an indicator that land use is negatively affecting groundwater. The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection and DNR report that 80% of the nitrates in wells originate from the agricultural land-spreading of nutrients and legume cropping.

Private water supply issues/hazards: While public water supply systems are regulated by the EPA and therefore required to undergo periodic testing for a wide range of contaminants, private well testing is on a voluntary basis. Often residents do not have their water tested unless there is a noticeable unpleasant odor, color, or taste. Additionally, private water supplies are usually tested for coli form bacteria, nitrate-nitrogen, and fluoride. More comprehensive water testing, such as what is required for public water systems can be cost-prohibitive.

Geology Groundwater characteristics and contamination potential are influenced by the porosity, texture and depth of area soils. A coarse texture makes a soil more porous and allows contaminants to reach groundwater at a faster rate and with less filtering. A finer texture with

less pores acts as a natural filter for the contaminant, slowing it down and reducing the potential impact on the groundwater.

Along the Wisconsin River, Rib River and Eau Claire River in Marathon County, the dominant soil formation (Mahtomedi-Fordum-Sturgeon Association) is very coarse. This results in the highest volume yield wells in the County at 2,000 gallons per minute in the Village of Weston. However, the coarse soil type is also conducive to high infiltration and permeability rates. This makes the groundwater vulnerable because the soil does not filter contaminants well, and allows them to reach the groundwater faster. As shown in Figure 8, this soil formation is predominant along the USH 51 corridor and spreading east and west from the Town of Rib Falls to the Town of Easton.

Throughout most of Marathon County, groundwater can be found at depths of 20 feet or less. This is good for groundwater availability, but can provide a shorter path for contaminants.

At-Risk Sites The United States Geological Survey (USGS) reports that as of 2007, Marathon County has 140 open-status sites of contaminated groundwater and/or soil. Contaminated sites in Marathon County that contain or previously contained hazardous materials may pose a threat to surrounding groundwater resources. Areas around the sites, particularly residential areas and water supply wells, may be more vulnerable to groundwater contamination due to spills or leakage of hazardous materials or contaminants.

The Superfund Program was established in 1980 to locate, investigate, and clean up the worst chemical and hazardous waste sites nationwide. There are three identified Superfund sites in Marathon County: Wausau Groundwater Site, Spickler Landfill, and Mid-State Disposal Inc. Landfill.

The Wausau Groundwater site encompasses an area in the northern section of the City of Wausau. In 1983, three of the City’s six drinking water wells on the site were found to be contaminated with high levels of VOCs. Approximately 32,000 people live within a three-mile radius of the site. The contamination was believed to be caused by an old municipal landfill on the Marathon Electric property and the Wausau Chemical facility property. Soils at both of these areas are contaminated with VOCs. The site has been addressed by the responsible parties through installation of a pump and treatment system and construction of two air strippers. The site is monitored every five years and remains within acceptable levels to date.

The Spickler Landfill site is a former open municipal and industrial dump site. It is comprised of two fill areas totaling 10 acres on an 80-acre parcel of land in the Town of Spencer. In 1987, some landfill gas was detected onsite, and asbestos was confirmed in a soil sample. Leachate samples included elevated levels of calcium, magnesium, mercury, and nine organic compounds. Groundwater samples from monitoring wells showed exceedance of acceptable levels for the following chemicals: benzene, vinyl chloride, barium, copper, iron and manganese. Eight private wells near the site were sampled, and four exceeded acceptable

levels of one or more of the above-mentioned chemicals. The site has been closely monitored, and modifications have been made to remediation activities to ensure that contamination does not migrate off-site.

The Mid-State Disposal Inc. Landfill site is located four miles east of the Village of Stratford. The site is a 160-acre parcel containing a 35-acre mound landfill, a five-acre “interim expansion” area, and a three-acre sludge lagoon. The landfill was in operation from 1970 to 1979 and accepted paper mill sludge’s, asbestos dust, solvents, pesticides, paint sludge’s, and metals, as well as municipal waste. In 1983, groundwater in vicinity of the site was shown to contain VOCs. A remediation plan including a gas extraction and collection system among other remedies was implemented in 1994. Further remediation, including construction of an alternate water supply for nine area residents, is contingent upon VOC levels in surrounding residential wells. The site is monitored every five years and remains within acceptable levels to date.

Marathon County Solid Waste Department began operating a landfill in the Town of Ringle on December 1, 1980. Marathon County owns 575 acres of land that can be utilized for waste and recycling materials management. The Solid Waste Department accepts municipal, commercial and industrial waste and recycling for processing. The Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) Subtitle D regulations, for landfill construction and operations, are employed to protect the environment and public health.

Other facilities in Marathon County that may be at risk of causing groundwater contamination are as follows: Confined Animal Feed Operations and barnyards – poor manure management Farm fields – overuse of fertilizer and manure spreading Chemical/fuel storage facilities – poor or faulty storage, spills Stockpiles/tailings piles – leaching of contaminants Underground Storage Tanks – leaks Industrial/commercial facilities – poor or faulty storage, poorly managed disposal methods Pipelines – rupture

Sensitive Populations People of all ages and races are vulnerable to negative effects of contaminants. It has been suggested that small children or elderly may be more susceptible due to weakened or underdeveloped immune systems. Infants less than six months of age and pregnant women may be at particular risk if they drink water containing more than 10 mg/L of nitrates. This would put the infants at risk for methemoglobinemia, a disease that interferes with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. Recent studies also suggest that high nitrate water may be linked to birth defects and miscarriages.

Future Probability and Potential Losses Based on the past occurrences and the trend of continuing contamination, the probability of future water contamination in Marathon County is high. Past groundwater contamination events in Marathon County have most often been in the millions of dollars to remediate and improve infrastructure. In many cases, the full cost of remediation is not realized, even after several years, even decades, have passed. Groundwater, once polluted, may take decades or even centuries to be flushed of contaminants. People who drink contaminated water may, immediately or over time, suffer from a variety of health problems including malignant tumors; kidney, urinary and digestive tract disorders; leukemia or birth defects. The health clean-up costs associated with a major, long-term contamination incident can be staggering.

The need for clean groundwater is not only a health issue; it is also an economic issue. Where groundwater becomes polluted, property values drop and land may become unsellable. People may relocate to new groundwater resources, perhaps to a new city or county.

Chapter 4 MITIGATION STRATEGIES According to FEMA, hazard mitigation refers to any sustained actions taken to reduce or eliminate the long-term risk to human life and property from hazardous conditions. This section of the Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan describes the mitigation goals and actions by the County and its local units of government for each hazard assessed in Section 3.0. The intent of implementing these mitigation actions is to reduce or avoid long-term vulnerability to the identified hazards.

The mitigation strategies are presented in the same order of prioritization given to the hazards in Section 3.0, based on the results of community surveys. A cost-benefit review of each mitigation project will be conducted at the time of implementation. This list covers many hazards, but it does not preclude the event of other natural or manmade hazards that could occur in the County; and this list does not include every possible mitigation project for the hazards identified.

An “All Hazards” category is included to encompass those mitigation actions that can be implemented to reduce or avoid impact of all hazards. Each hazard is followed by a list of goals and possible mitigation actions to achieve those goals. The mitigation actions are intended to be carried out by Marathon County and its cities, villages and towns. The list of mitigation actions was compiled from a number of mitigation plans and reports, Marathon County Emergency Management, local units of government including law enforcement/emergency personnel, survey results and suggestions from the public. The more specific projects (i.e. resurfacing a certain road) were identified in survey responses from those specific communities.

Table 4-1 at the end of this section summarizes each mitigation action, parties responsible for its implementation, and approximates the cost and timeframe for each action. Specific tables by jurisdiction are presented individually in Appendix D, and summarize the priority of each action. High, medium or low priority was determined by each individual incorporated jurisdiction. Each determination was based criteria such as level of need, available staff or funding, cost, or others as determined by the community. The basis of each community’s decision on priority is also documented in Appendix D.

4.1 All Hazards

Goal: Be as prepared as possible for future hazards.

Goal: Protect visitors and residents from all hazards.

Possible Mitigation Actions and Participating Jurisdictions:

Obtain up-to-date portable radios that are compatible between all emergency response departments (City of Mosinee) Tabletop training on a major disaster that would involve several communities (All) Obtain battery back-up for public warning system (Village of Athens) Reduce number of neighborhoods served by only one road (Village of Kronenwetter) Rebuild the Plaza Road Bridge to provide better access and evacuation capabilities (Village of Kronenwetter) Evaluate potential evacuation routes for Happy Hollow Road area (Village of Kronenwetter) Increase local law enforcement capabilities (Village of Weston, City of Schofield, Village of Kronenwetter) Incident Command Training and Practice (Village of Weston, City of Schofield) Establish local networks of neighbors or emergency alert monitors for the elderly and disabled residents living alone (All jurisdictions) Obtain VFH Narrow Band Analog Tone Alert Monitors (County) The use of translators and/or printed materials in Hmong and Spanish (all jurisdictions) Develop Debris Management Plan Continue training related to long-term power failure

4.2 Winter Storms

Goal: Protect health and safety of county residents and visitors during and after winter storm events.

Goal: Maintain minimum disruption to power systems and transportation systems.

Goal: Limit property damage resulting from high winds and heavy snow.

Possible Mitigation Actions and Participating Jurisdictions:

Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences (various) Review/revisions of local building codes - improve structural ability to withstand high winds/snow load (All) Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines and structures (All) Routine monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist (All)

Obtain better snow plowing equipment (Town of Texas) Work with WisDOT to manage ice on future bridges along USH 51/STH 29 (City of Wausau) Obtain new utility truck and brush truck (Village of Kronenwetter) Work with utility companies to implement buried power lines when and where feasible (City of Wausau) 4.3 Tornadoes

Goal: Protect the health and safety of county residents and visitors during and after tornadic events.

Goal: Maintain minimum disruption to power systems and transportation systems.

Goal: Reduce effects of property loss resulting from high winds and heavy rains.

Possible Mitigation Actions and Participating Jurisdictions:

Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters (All) Develop/review mobile home guidelines and ordinances to implement measures to help reduce risk of damage - tie-downs, ground anchors, etc. (All) Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines and structures (All) Ensure backup power systems are operational; implement backup power systems if they do not exist (All) Pursue construction of a storm shelter at the Town Hall (Town of Holton) Require that restroom or other community buildings in mobile home parks and/or campgrounds be designed and constructed to be suitable as a tornado shelter (City of Wausau) 4.4 Flooding

Goal: Lessen the impact that floods have on people, property, and the environment.

Goal: Protect the health and safety of county residents and visitors during and after flood events.

Goal: Maintain minimum disruption to power systems and transportation systems.

Goal: Reduce effects of property loss resulting from water damage.

Possible Mitigation Actions and Participating Jurisdictions:

Replacement/upgrade of bridges (Towns of Johnson, Frankfort, and Maine; Village of Kronenwetter, City of Wausau) Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches (All Towns)

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Ditch and replace culverts (Towns of Plover, Wien, Day) Improve key roads by blacktopping, paving, and/or elevating (Towns of Day, Rietbrock, Rib Mountain) Implement storm water detention basins to mitigate small area flooding (City of Wausau) Increase size of storm sewers (City of Wausau) Disconnect storm drains and sump pumps from sanitary system to promote infiltration (Village of Edgar) Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about acquisition/relocation (All jurisdictions in the 100-year floodplain) Approach owners of repetitive loss structure about acquisition/relocation (Village of Marathon City, City of Wausau) Chesak Road improvements – replace bridge, install larger culverts, and elevate road at east end (Town of Cassel) Resurface roads subject to frequent flooding – Brookside Lane, Alder Lane, Granite Heights Road, East Marshall Road, Gauge Road, North Troy Street (Town of Texas) Continue program of upgrading frequently flooded areas (Town of Stettin) Blacktop the final two miles of Rangeline Road to prevent future flood damage (Town of Green Valley) Blacktop Smokey Hill Road to prevent future flood damage (Town of Green Valley) Replace bridge over County Line Creek (Town of Maine) Blacktop and otherwise improve Swan Avenue, Pintail, Thornapple, and Robin Roads (Town of Rib Mountain) Raise Fir Lane and install riprap on shoulder where creek runs parallel with road (Town of Rietbrock) Blacktop Killdeer Road and shoulder to prevent washout (Town of Rietbrock) Flood protection study for dike along the shore of Lake Wausau (City of Wausau) 4.5 Fires

Goal: Protect the health and safety of county residents and visitors during fire events.

Goal: Maintain minimum disruption to power systems and transportation systems.

Goal: Reduce the number of human-caused fires in the County.

Possible Mitigation Actions and Participating Jurisdictions:

Pursue additional fire training/Implement MABIS (All) Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Program (All Fire Districts) Maintain a database of addresses and fire numbers and identify information for those not listed (All Towns) Continue school education programs (All Fire Departments)

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4.6 Transportation Accidents

Goal: Protect the health and safety of county residents who travel via automobile, airplane, or rail.

Goal: Reduce the number of transportation accidents in the County.

Possible Mitigation Actions and Participating Jurisdictions:

Investigate gating of railroad crossings at 5th, and 6th Streets; 1st and 3rd Avenues; Franklin Street and County Line Road (City of Wausau) Work with WisDOT to manage ice on future bridges along USH 51/STH 29 (City of Wausau) 4.7 Hazardous Materials Incidents

Goal: Protect the health and safety of county residents and visitors by limiting exposure to hazardous materials.

Possible Mitigation Actions and Participating Jurisdictions:

Obtain training in use of chemical resistant suits and masks (City of Mosinee) Investigate gating of railroad crossings at 5th, and 6th Streets; 1st and 3rd Avenues; Franklin Street and County Line Road (City of Wausau) Maintain a County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response Team (County) Conduct and coordinate training exercises for County/Municipal emergency response services (County) Work with the Department of Agriculture Trade and Consumer Protection along with the DNR during clean-up of Hazardous Materials and Ground Water Contamination incidents. 4.8 Groundwater Contamination

Goal: Protect the County’s drinking water supply from contamination.

Goal: Preserve the quality of the County’s drinking water for residents.

Possible Mitigation Actions and Participating Jurisdictions:

Site an additional potable water well (Village of Brokaw) Explore purchase of water from other communities (Village of Brokaw) Educate residents on private well testing (All Towns)

Maintain and update the County Groundwater Protection Guide (County

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Chapter 5 PLAN MAINTENANCE AND ADOPTION PROCESS

This section of the Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan describes the Plan adoption, implementation, evaluation and maintenance.

5.1 Plan Evaluation and Maintenance

Planning is a constant and continuing process. This document will grow and adapt in order to stay current with growth and change in Marathon County. The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 (DMA2K) requires that the local plans be evaluated and updated at least every five years to remain eligible for assistance. MCEM staff will collect incoming information to prepare for future Plan revisions. It is recommended that the Public Safety Committee discuss Plan evaluation and revision annually from the month the Plan is adopted. Each incorporated jurisdiction that has adopted the Plan will also evaluate it and discuss updates at this time, prompted by a reminder from MCEM. Each Village or Town clerk, or City planning staff person will report any updates to MCEM.

The Plan will also be evaluated and revised following disasters, to determine if the recommended actions are appropriate given the impact of the event. The Risk Assessment (Section 3.0) should be updated based on current data. The Public Safety Committee must approve all additions and updates to the Plan. The Plan will be updated every five years to comply with DMA2K requirements.

A survey or public open house will also be done at least every five years to solicit comments from the general public. The public will be asked for thoughts on the progress of various projects, or the pertinence of plan information. New community assets or emerging vulnerabilities will be identified and added. MCEM will keep all stakeholders and the public updated on the status of project progress. It is important to let people know of the things the Plan has accomplished, and that actions are actually being implemented.

Marathon County and 59 (of 63) municipalities have adopted comprehensive plans. These plans were developed incorporating hazard mitigation goals. The Hazard Mitigation Plan will continue to be incorporated in the Marathon County and municipal comprehensive plan updates.

Hazard mitigation goals incorporated into current comprehensive plans:

Groundwater Contamination: Protect the County's water resources, including groundwater sources of potable water

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Agricultural/Hydrologic Drought: Ensure a sufficient supply of potable water

Transportation Incidents: Provide for efficient movement of traffic throughout the community.

Vulnerable Structures: Ensure safety of mobile home residential units

Table 5-1 2011 Plan Update Summary

Plan Chapter Overview of Plan Update Chapter 1 Planning Process Update committee’s consulted and their members, plan process participants updated and their involvement documented, added technical data utilized. Chapter 2 Planning Area Updated information related to the general geography of Marathon County, updated demographics and employment figures, specifically identified current patterns of land use in Marathon County, updated critical facilities and their locations as some have been added and some have changed locations, added info on EOC. Chapter 3 Risk Assessment Updated hazards and their prioritization, updated recent incidents and disasters in Marathon County. Chapter 4 Mitigation Strategies Revised Mitigation Strategies for each individual community (Appendix D) and included the information in part in Chapter 4, updated information related to each category removing those strategies that were no longer applicable and adding new strategies as they were presented. Chapter 5 Plan Maintenance and Adoption Updated plan maintenance and adoption process to conform with current procedures. Plan Appendix Appendix A New Appendix that documents a survey sent to all participants to determine their needs and concerns Appendix B Updated list of all Critical Facilities in Marathon County Appendix C New Appendix documenting all railroad crossings in Marathon County. Appendix D This was the most labor intensive update. Instead of providing an cumulative table for all participants, individual tables were created to help identify specific needs in specific communities. Appendix E New Appendix documenting communication with participants as well as prior approval of the 2006 plan.

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5.2 Plan Implementation

Once the Plan has been approved, stakeholders will be informed and provided with hard copies of the Plan, or at very least the location of the Plan on the County’s website. The public will have easy access to the Plan via the website and availability at local libraries. During implementation of the actions laid forth in the Plan, MCEM staff should act as the overseer. Staff should report progress or concerns to the Public Safety Committee. As developers of the Plan, MCEM and the Public Safety Committee should monitor its progress.

Along with monitoring the progress of the action projects, MCEM staff will work with local jurisdictions and the Public Safety Committee to secure funding to implement the Plan. State and federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, and foundations are continually making grants available. MCEM will research grant opportunities to determine eligibility for the County and all local units of government. At the individual community level, based upon policies set by each community a benefit-cost analysis may be conducted to determine if a mitigation activity will be completed.

When implementing the Plan, MCEM staff will consider innovative ways to invite active participation from local non-profits, businesses, and citizens to implement the Plan. These relationships will result in greater exposure for the Plan and greater probability that action projects will be implemented.

The role of department administrators, elected officials, local administrators and planning boards are to ensure that adopted actions from Section 4.0 are considered into their budgets. It is understood that projects may not be carried out as they are scheduled due to budget constraints. However, since many of these action projects are considered an investment in safeguarding the health, safety, and property of the public, they should be carefully considered as priority projects. The use of fees, taxes, bonds and loans can also be considered if there is proper state enabling legislation, local authority and political drive.

5.3 Plan Coordination

Several mitigation actions and local community considerations were derived from input into the comprehensive planning process. As the comprehensive planning process proceeds after the Hazard Mitigation Plan has been adopted, the County and local governments should fold this information into the nine elements of the comprehensive plan, where they have not already been included: issues and opportunities; housing; transportation; agricultural/natural/cultural resources; economic development; intergovernmental cooperation; land use; and implementation. The implementation element is especially important, because actions from this Plan can be integrated into the comprehensive plan as well.

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5.4 Plan Adoption

The adoption of the Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan lends itself to serve as a guiding document for all local government officials. It also certifies to program and grant managers from FEMA and WEM that the recommendations in the Plan have been properly considered and approved by the governing authorities and local citizens. It also helps to ensure the continuity of mitigation programs and policies over time because elected officials, staff, and other community decision-makers can refer to the document when making decisions that may affect the future of the community.

Once a draft Plan has been completed, it is submitted to the State Hazard Mitigation Officer (SHMO) at WEM. The SHMO will determine if the Plan meets applicable DMA2K and other applicable requirements. Upon approval of the draft by WEM, the SHMO is responsible for sending the Plan to the FEMA Region V office for review. Once Marathon County receives a conditional “Meets Requirements” letter from FEMA, the Plan must be formally adopted by Marathon County and its incorporated areas (Cities and Villages). This adoption must be done by resolution.

Incorporated communities that do not adopt the Plan cannot apply for mitigation grant funds unless they opt to prepare, adopt and submit their own plan. Adoption of the Plan gives the jurisdiction legal authority to enact ordinances, policies or programs to reduce hazard losses and implement other mitigation actions. Jurisdictions that adopt a Hazard Mitigation Plan qualify for mitigation funding after a disaster declaration. According to FEMA Region V, unincorporated areas (Towns) do not have to adopt the Plan, and are included under the umbrella of the County’s adoption.

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APPENDIX A EMERGENCY GOVERNMENT HAZARD MITIGATION SURVEY

Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey. Your responses will guide us through the process of developing and updating the Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan. The responses that you provide will go directly into the plan and will be used to improve the preparedness in your community. This in turn will help us better serve the citizens of Marathon County during an emergency.

Which county do you represent?

 Marathon  Clark  Wood  Shawano  Other ______

What type of municipality do you represent?

 City  Village  Town

Which city or village do you represent?

Which township do you represent?

Please complete the following information:

Contact Person Title Work Phone Email address

Please provide an email address where correspondence can be sent to the Town Chair, Village President or Mayor if they are to be another point of contact other than the person listed in the previous question.

Email address

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Please list the actual physical address of each location. Include the city and zip code in your response.

Municipal Hall Police Department Fire Department EMS/Ambulance Service Public Works Water/Sanitary Department

List any planned public water/sewer expansion projects in your jurisdiction within the next 5 years.

List any future/anticipated commercial development projects in your jurisdiction within the next 5 years.

List any future/anticipated housing development projects in your jurisdiction within the next 5 years. (10 or more units)

Are there any anticipated annexations planned in your jurisdiction? If so please briefly describe those plans.

The following questions are related to Mobile Home Parks in your jurisdiction. During periods of severe weather to include tornados, flooding or severe winter weather, it may be necessary to evacuate or provide rescue services to individuals living in Mobile Home Parks. Please be as accurate as possible when completing this section of the survey.

Are there any Mobile Home Parks in your jurisdiction?

 Yes  No

Estimated number of units:

Please list the name and location of all Mobile Home Parks in your jurisdiction.

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Do these units require tie-downs?

 Yes  No

Do these Mobile Home Parks have public storm shelters?

 Yes  No

List any specific facilities or structures that you feel may be particularly vulnerable to natural or manmade disasters in the future. (i.e. a certain historic building in a floodplain, a place where large numbers of people are consistently gathered, etc.)

Does your jurisdiction have mobile homes dispersed individually throughout your jurisdiction? These mobile homes would be privately owned and are not part of a Mobile Home Park complex. Please list these mobile homes and their addresses.

Please list all other Special/Critical Facilities (i.e. government buildings, airports, museums, municipal owned parks (not City of Wausau or Marathon County Parks), privately owned campgrounds, etc..), their address and hazards they are specifically vulnerable to (include city and zip code):

Please list any Specific Identified Hazards (i.e. railroads, airports, etc...), their addresses and hazards they are specifically vulnerable to (include city and zip code):

Please list all public wells located within your jurisdiction. Include the physical address for each of these locations and any hazards the site may be vulnerable to:

Please list all water towers located within your jurisdiction. Include the physical address for each of these locations and any hazards the site may be vulnerable to:

Please list all public waste water treatment plants located within your jurisdiction. Include the physical address for each of these locations and any hazards the site may be vulnerable to:

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Please list all facilities with private wells associated with private wastewater treatment (ex. mobile home parks, private residences with private wells) located within your jurisdiction. Include the physical address for each of these locations and any hazards the site may be vulnerable to:

Please list any pipelines, valves or pumping stations and their owners in your jurisdiction. Please include the address of these locations. If you do not know the specific address for these locations, please provide the most accurate location using cross-streets or legal descriptions for that piece of property.

Please list any electrical substations and their owners in your jurisdiction. Please include the address of these locations.

Please list all nursing home/assisted living/specialized health care facilities and hazards they are specifically vulnerable to (include city and zip code):

Please list any community shelters that are open for the public during periods of severe weather. Please include the address of these shelters.

Please list any major re-occurring events that occur in your jurisdiction. (Local fairs, church picnics, etc..)

The remaining questions address your prior experiences and plans you have implemented. Our best opportunities for learning how to more effectively plan future responses is by learning from past events and prior planning. Your experiences with past emergencies and implementation of planning provides valuable insight into how we can improve our Pre-Disaster Mitigation Plan.

Please describe areas in your community that became isolated and/or inaccessible during or after a disaster (i.e. closure of certain roadways due to flooding).

What projects has your community completed in the last 5 years to minimize risks of future natural hazards? (i.e. acquired structures in floodplains, constructed shelters, adopted local ordinances, etc.)

How has your community benefited from these projects?

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If there are any hazards in your community that this survey has not addressed, please share that information with us.

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APPENDIX B MARATHON COUNTY CRITICAL FACILITIES

These facilities were identified by a general address search for known community facilities that provide important services or regularly house large numbers of people, such as police/fire departments, hospitals, schools, community halls, etc. Other specific resources were also added at the request of communities. Hazards to which facilities are particularly vulnerable were assigned based on comments made by communities, or based on obvious threat due to the nature of the facility or its location. This list includes the specific facilities described in the plan text (i.e. campgrounds under tornados; railroad crossings under transportation incidents).

Name Location Jurisdiction Hazard Specifically Vulnerable To Wisconsin River Park Confluence of Wisconsin T. Texas Tornados, and Trappe Rivers in Thunderstorms, Flood northern Marathon County River Park C. Mosinee Flood Chuck’s Landing C. Mosinee Flood Boulevard School 591 W. Sth-153 C. Mosinee St. Paul’s School 404 High Street C. Mosinee Mosinee Library 123 Main Street C. Mosinee Flood Karl Mathie House C. Mosinee National Guard Armory 11th and Jackson St C. Mosinee Mosinee City Hall 225 Main Street C. Mosinee Mosinee Elementary 600 12th Street C. Mosinee Mosinee Middle 700 High Street C. Mosinee Mosinee High School 1000 High Street C. Mosinee Mosinee Police Dept 301 Main Street C. Mosinee Mosinee Fire Department 303 3rd Street C. Mosinee Wausau High School Forest 2336 Cth-KK T. Mosinee Big Eau Pleine Park 3301 Eau Pleine Park Rd T. Bergen Lake Du Bay Shores Camp 1713 Dubay Drive T. Knowlton Tornado, Thunderstorm Schofield Elementary 1310 Grand Avenue C. Schofield St. Peters Lutheran School 115 Eau Claire Street C. Schofield Schofield Fire Department 1325 Schofield Ave. C. Schofield Hazardous Waste Collection 301 Alderson Street C. Schofield Facility Schofield City Hall 200 Park Street C. Schofield Pine Island/Wausau Country 304 Country Club Rd C. Schofield Club East High School 2607 N. 18th Street C. Wausau Wausau Waste Water C. Wausau Flood-in hollow area Treatment Franklin Elementary 1509 N. 5th Street C. Wausau Flood Dike On Lake Wausau, south C. Wausau Flood

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Name Location Jurisdiction Hazard Specifically Vulnerable To and west of Wausau Waste Water Treatment Plant CD Jones Elementary 1018 S. 12th Avenue C. Wausau Grant Elementary 500 N. 4th Avenue C. Wausau Horace Mann Middle School 3101 N. 13th Street C. Wausau John Muir Middle School 140 Stewart Avenue C. Wausau Lincoln Elementary 720 S. 6th Avenue C. Wausau Newman High School 1130 W. Bridge Street C. Wausau Rib Mountain Elementary 2701 Robin Lane T. Rib Mountain Thom Field 1601 N. 10th Street C. Wausau Wausau West High School 1200 W. Wausau Ave C. Wausau AC Kiefer Educational Center 700 W. Strowbridge C. Wausau Faith Christian Academy 2607 N. 18th Avenue C. Wausau Holy Name Catholic School 1122 S. 9th Ave. C. Wausau Life Skill Center 120 S. 14th Avenue C. Wausau Montessori Educational 214 Sherman Street C. Wausau Center Our Saviors School 703 Flieth Street C. Wausau St. Anne Catholic School 604 N. 6th Avenue C. Wausau St. Matthew Catholic School 225 S. 28th Avenue C. Wausau St. Michael’s Catholic School 614 Stueben Street C. Wausau Trinity Lutheran School 501 Stewart Avenue C. Wausau Wausau Community 209 N. 25th Street C. Wausau Christian Zion Lutheran School 616 Grant Street C. Wausau Northcentral Technical 1000 W. Campus Drive C. Wausau College University of Wisconsin – 518 S. 7th Avenue C. Wausau Marathon County Wausau Public Library 300 N. 1st Street C. Wausau Aspirus Hospital and 425 Pine Ridge Blvd C. Wausau Associated Clinics Wausau City Hall 407 Grant Street C. Wausau Marathon County 500 Forest Street C. Wausau Courthouse Andrew Warren Historic 4th Street to 7th Street C. Wausau District Fulton Street to Grant St Grand Theater 401 N. 4th Street C. Wausau Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art 700 N. 12th Street C. Wausau Museum Marathon County Historical 410 Mc Indoe Street C. Wausau Museum

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Name Location Jurisdiction Hazard Specifically Vulnerable To Residences along main line C. Wausau Flood of CP Railroad North Central Health Care 1100 Lakeview Drive C. Wausau Railroad Crossings 3rd, 5th and 6th Streets C. Wausau Transportation 1st and 3rd Avenues Accidents, Hazardous Franklin Street Materials Incidents Townline Road Wausau Police Department 515 Grand Avenue C. Wausau Wausau Fire Department 515 Grand Avenue C. Wausau Marathon Park/Fairgrounds 1201 Stewart Avenue C. Wausau Tornados Thunderstorms Bluegill Bay Park 3800 Bluegill Avenue T. Rib Mountain Tornados Thunderstorms Sunnyvale Park 1000 s. 72nd Avenue T. Rib Mountain Tornados Thunderstorms Brockmeyer Park 4200 Stettin Drive C. Wausau Tornados Thunderstorms Memorial Park 505 Memorial Park Rd. C. Wausau Tornados Thunderstorms Duck Island C. Wausau Tornados Thunderstorms Riverview Elementary School 4303 Troy Street C. Wausau Easton Elementary School E3640 Cth-Q T. Easton Wausau Airport 725 Woods Place C. Wausau Communications Buildings Rib Mountain T. Rib Mountain Thunderstorms (Lightning)` Bergen Town Hall 1696 Cth-C T. Bergen Berlin Town Hall 11379 Berlin Lane T. Berlin Bern Town Hall 6585 Cth-M T. Bern Brighton Town Hall B1001 Town Hall Rd T. Brighton Cassel Town Hall 3400 Cth-S T. Cassel Cleveland Town Hall C1903 Balsam Rd. T. Cleveland Day Town Hall D3267 Cth-M T. Day Easton Town Hall E15212 Cth-Z T. Easton Eau Pleine Town Hall EP410 Equity Street T. Eau Pleine Elderon Community Center 1490 Cherry Drive T. Elderon Halder Community Hall 3365 Halder Drive T. Emmet Halder Recreation Center 3359 Halder Drive T. Emmet St. Patrick’s Church 3158 Halder Drive T. Emmet Frankfort Town Hall F2295 Cth-N T. Frankfort Green Valley Town Hall 4297 W. Cth-C T. Green Valley Guenther Town Hall 2090 S. Cth-X T. Guenther Halsey Town Hall 6316 Nehrbass Rd T. Halsey Hamburg Town Hall 2550 Cth-A T. Hamburg

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Name Location Jurisdiction Hazard Specifically Vulnerable To Harrison Town Hall 2992 Cth-Y T. Harrison Hewitt Town Hall H12399 Cth-Q T. Hewitt Holton Town Hall 5513 Rosedale Avenue T. Holton Hull Town Hall H3306 Blueberry Rd T. Hull Johnson Town Hall 5675 Town Hall Rd T. Johnson Knowlton Town Hall 1243 Old Hwy 51 T. Knowlton Maine Elementary School 5901 N. 44th Avenue T. Maine Maine Town Hall 6111 N. 44th Avenue T. Maine Marathon Town Hall 3684 Marathon Rd T. Marathon McMillan Town Hall M403 Elm Street T. McMillan Mosinee Town Hall 1104 Town Hall Rd T. Mosinee Norrie Town Hall N4593 Cornell Street T. Norrie Plover Town Hall P4299 Cth-Z T. Plover Reid Town Hall 1603 Cth-Y T. Reid Rib Falls Park 1725 Cth-S T. Rib Falls Tornados Thunderstorms Rib Falls Town Hall 1744 Cth-S T. Rib Falls Rib Mountain Sanitary 5703 Lilac Avenue T. Rib Mountain District Rib Mountain Community 3700 N. Mountain Rd T. Rib Mountain Building Rib Mountain Public Safety 5901 Hummingbird Ln T. Rib Mountain Building Rib Mountain Public Works 2000 Goose Ln T. Rib Mountain Rib Mountain Metropolitan 2001 Aster Rd T. Rib Mountain Sewage District Rib Mountain State Park 4200 Park Rd T. Rib Mountain Rietbrock Municipal Hall R394 Cherry Lane T. Rietbrock County Landfill/Solid Waste R18500 Sth-29 T. Ringle Ringle Town Hall and Fire 7107 Town Hall Rd T. Ringle Riverside Elementary R12231 River Rd T. Ringle Spencer Municipal Building S670 Karau Avenue T. Spencer Stettin Elementary 106 N. 56th Avenue T. Stettin Stettin Town Hall 12004 Stettin Drive T. Stettin Hewitt Texas Elementary T10331Quarry Rd T. Texas Texas Municipal Center T4510 River Hills Rd T. Texas Wausau Municipal Center 7208 Cth-Z T. Wausau Wien Town Hall W4302 Cth-M T. Wien Dells of the Eau Claire Park P2150 Cth-Y T. Plover Tornados Thunderstorms Hamburg Town Hall 8230 3rd Lane T. Hamburg Athens Mennonite School 6426 Iron Bridge Rd T. Bern St. Anthony’s School 309 Mueller Street V. Athens Trinity Lutheran School 301 Elm Street V. Athens

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Name Location Jurisdiction Hazard Specifically Vulnerable To Athens Public Library 221 Caroline Street V. Athens Maple Grove Elementary 290 Cth-F T. Hamburg Athens Elementary School 209 N. Schlegel V. Athens Athens Middle/High School 601 W. Limit Rd. V. Athens Learning Tree Child Care 325 Washington Street V. Athens Athens Area Fire 221 Caroline Street V. Athens Commission Athens Police Department 221 Caroline Street V. Athens Amco Park 379 Cth-F T. Halsey Tornados Thunderstorms Birnamwood Elementary 337 Main Street V. Birnamwood School Aspirus Clinic – Birnamwood 400 Railroad Avenue V. Birnamwood Birnamwood Village Hall 354 Main Street V. Birnamwood Birnamwood Fire Dept 365 Birch Street V. Birnamwood Brokaw Village Hall 200 2nd Street V. Brokaw Community Health Care – 103 S. 3rd Avenue V. Edgar Edgar Clinic St. Johns Catholic School 125 N. 4th Avenue V. Edgar Edgar Branch Library 224 S. 3rd Avenue V. Edgar Edgar Elementary School 203 E. Maple Street V. Edgar Edgar Alternative High 218 E. Maple Street V. Edgar School Edgar High School 203 E. Birch Street V. Edgar Edgar Village Hall 224 S. 3rd Avenue V. Edgar Edgar Police Department 224 S. 3rd Avenue V. Edgar Edgar Fire Department 108 W. Beech Street V. Edgar Elderon Elementary School 460 Sth-49 V. Elderon Elderon Fire Department 9187 Main Street V. Elderon Elderon Village Hall 9187 Main Street V. Elderon Fenwood Village Hall 3776 Beech Street V. Fenwood Hatley Village Hall 300 Clark Street V. Hatley St. Florian’s Catholic School 504 Church Ln. V. Hatley Hatley Elementary School 417 Emmonsville Rd V. Hatley Hatley Library 435 Curtis Avenue V. Hatley Hatley Fire Department 300 Clark Street V. Hatley Mission Lake Park 400 County Park Rd T. Reid Tornado Thunderstorm ANR Pipeline Meter Station V. Kronenwetter William Brothers Tank Farm Bus 51 V. Kronenwetter Haz Mat Incident All Water Wells Multiple Locations V. Kronenwetter Water Contamination Evergreen Elementary 610 Pine Road V. Rothschild Kronenwetter Municipal 1582 Kronenwetter Dr V. Kronenwetter Center

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Name Location Jurisdiction Hazard Specifically Vulnerable To Evergreen Area Cth-X near Bull Junior V. Kronenwetter Flood Creek Neighborhood with one Various V. Kronenwetter All Hazards (Limited point access Evacuation Routes) Plaza Road Bridge Plaza Road V. Kronenwetter All Hazards (Limited Evacuation Routes) Northland Lutheran High 2107 Tower Road V. Kronenwetter School River Road and Homes V. Marathon Flood Rib River Park V. Marathon Flood St. Mary’s School 716 Market Street V. Marathon Marathon School 704 3rd Street V. Marathon Marathon Elementary 100 Spring Valley Drive V. Marathon School Marathon High School 204 East Street V. Marathon Fricke-Menzner house V. Marathon Marathon City Police Dept. 311 Walnut Street V. Marathon St. Mark’s Catholic School 602 Military Road V. Rothschild Rothschild Branch Library 221 Grand Avenue V. Rothschild Rothschild Pavilion V. Rothschild Rothschild Village Hall 221 Grand Avenue V. Rothschild Rothschild Police 221 Grand Avenue V. Rothschild Department Business 51 Cedar Creek Area V. Rothschild Flood Public Works Facility 1001 Leon Street V. Rothschild Rothschild Fire Department 211 Grand Avenue V. Rothschild Rothschild Elementary 810 First Street V. Rothschild School St. Therese Catholic School 113 W. Kort Street V. Rothschild Spencer Branch Library 105 Park Street V. Spencer Spencer Municipal Hall 105 Park Street V. Spencer Lucille Tack Center 300 School Street V. Spencer Spencer Police Department 105 Park Street V. Spencer Spencer Fire Department 206 Willow Drive V. Spencer Health South Physical 702 E. Willow Dr. V. Spencer Therapy Stratford Community Hall 300 E. Larch Street V. Stratford St. Andrew’s Catholic School 1872 Cth-C V. Stratford St. Joseph’s Catholic School 430 Larch St V. Stratford Stratford Branch Library 400 N. 4th Avenue V. Stratford Stratford Elementary School 522 N. 3rd Avenue V. Stratford Stratford Junior/Senior High 522 N. 3rd Avenue V. Stratford Stratford Police Dept. 265 N. 3rd Avenue V. Stratford Stratford Fire Department 613 S. Weber Avenue V. Stratford

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Name Location Jurisdiction Hazard Specifically Vulnerable To Stratford Physical Therapy 225 N. 2nd Avenue V. Stratford Services Stratford Elementary School 522 N. 3rd Avenue V. Stratford Big Rapids Park EP1806 Big Rapids Rd T. Eau Pleine Tornados Thunderstorms DC Everest Junior High 1000 Machmueller St V. Weston DC Everest Middle School 9302 Schofield Avenue V. Weston DC Everest Senior High 6500 Alderson Street V. Weston Weston Municipal Center 5500 Schofield Avenue V. Weston Everest Metro Police Dept 5303 Mesker Street V. Weston St. Clare’s Hospital 3400 Ministry Pkwy V. Weston Weston Elementary 5200 Camp Phillips Rd V. Weston Weston Fire Dept. 5303 Mesker Street V. Weston Everest Metro Safety 5303 Mesker Street V. Weston Building

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APPENDIX C MARATHON COUNTY RAILROAD CROSSINGS

Crossing ID Location Signal/Sign Number of Number of Number of Jurisdiction Tracks Trains Vehicles Crossing 392787F FLANNER RD Stop signs 1 8 25 Kronenwetter 392789U NELSON RD Flashing lights 1 8 50 Kronenwetter 392790N HAPPY HOLLOW RD Flashing lights 1 8 310 Kronenwetter 392792C CEDAR RD Flashing lights 1 8 450 Kronenwetter 392794R GARDNER PARK RD Gates 2 8 770 Kronenwetter 181991W ALDERSON ST Cross bucks 1 2 3,800 Schofield 392851C EVEREST AVE W Cross bucks 1 4 4,600 Schofield 392852J CTH-WW Flashing Lights 1 12 2900 Brokaw 392854X GRANITE HEIGHTS RD Cross bucks 1 6 200 Texas 392855E PINE BLUFF RD Cross bucks 1 6 25 Texas 392766M BROOKS Flashing lights 1 6 900 Knowlton 392768B LILAC RD Stop signs 1 6 100 Knowlton 392771J SEAGULL DR Stop signs 1 6 50 Knowlton 392772R GARDENER PARK Gates 1 6 50 Kronenwetter 392775L CREST LA Cross bucks 1 6 75 692619D MANN RD Gates 1 27 847 Spencer 392779N SOUTH RD Stop signs 1 6 25 Kronenwetter 392782W RIVER RD Gates 3 20 250 392783D RIVER RD Stop signs 1 8 250 392784K OCONTO RD Stop signs 1 8 100 Kronenwetter 392786Y MAPLE RIDGE RD Gates 1 8 150 Kronenwetter 392797L OLD USH 51 Gates 1 4 8,600 Kronenwetter 392798T MORRISON AVE Gates 2 10 250 Schofield 392800S FOREMOST DR Gates 1 8 250 Rothschild 392801Y MILITARY RD Flashing lights 1 8 450 Rothschild 392802F HEWITT ST Cross bucks 1 8 250 Rothschild 392808W GRAND AVE Gates 1 10 4,300 Rothschild 181992D GROSSMAN RD Cross bucks 1 2 2,150 Schofield

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Crossing ID Location Signal/Sign Number of Number of Number of Jurisdiction Tracks Trains Vehicles Crossing 392809D KORT ST Flashing lights 1 8 1,750 Schofield 392810X CHARLES ST Stop signs 1 8 450 Schofield 392813T ROSS ST Flashing lights 1 8 4,600 Schofield 392817V NORTHERN RD Stop signs 1 8 350 Schofield 693800Y GROSSMAN RD Cross bucks 1 0 1,250 Schofield 910736C GROSSMAN RD Cross bucks 1 2 1,250 Schofield 689932C WILLOW DR Gates 2 20 1,400 Spencer 689933J CLARK ST Gates 2 10 4,500 Spencer 689934R MAIN ST Gates 2 20 450 Spencer 689935X LASALLE ST Gates 1 20 1,200 Spencer 699410G LASALLE ST Flashing lights 1 2 1,200 Spencer 689925S 26TH RD W Gates 1 25 125 Spencer 689927F KARAU AVE Gates 1 25 601 Spencer 689930N EAGLE RD Stop signs 2 25 80 Spencer 699413C EAU PLEINE RD Cross bucks 1 2 10 Spencer 699416X CENTURY RD Cross bucks 1 2 140 Brighton 699417E 153 RD Cross bucks 1 2 75 Brighton 699420M TOWN HALL RD Cross bucks 1 2 75 Brighton 699423H KINGSTON RD Cross bucks 1 2 75 Brighton 178758J MENARDS ACCESS RD Flashing lights 1 0 7,000 Wausau 178764M RIVER EDGE TR Stop signs 1 0 100 182006S TOWN LINE RD Gates 1 8 6,800 Wausau 182010G 4TH ST @ HENRIETT Cross bucks 1 8 2.122 Wausau 182011N RIVER DR Gates 1 8 2,700 Wausau 182012V STEWART AVE Cross bucks 1 2 9,300 Wausau 182020M WEST BRIDGE ST Flashing lights 1 2 27,300 Wausau 182029Y 1ST AVE Flashing lights 1 6 5,200 Wausau 182031A 3RD AVE Bells 1 6 6,000 Wausau 182032G ALLEY Cross bucks 1 0 20 Wausau 182033N 4TH AVE Cross bucks 1 10 1,005 Wausau

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Crossing ID Location Signal/Sign Number of Number of Number of Jurisdiction Tracks Trains Vehicles Crossing 182034V 5TH AVE Cross bucks 1 10 2,038 Wausau 182035C GARFIELD AVE Bells 1 10 2,435 Wausau 182036J 6TH AVE Cross bucks 1 10 922 Wausau 182037R 7TH AVE Cross bucks 1 10 955 Wausau 182040Y 10TH AVE Cross bucks 1 4 250 Wausau 182041F WEST ST Cross bucks 1 4 2,745 Wausau 182042M 9TH AVE Cross bucks 1 4 300 Wausau 182043U ALLEY Cross bucks 1 0 10 Wausau 182044B 8TH AVE Cross bucks 1 4 373 Wausau 182045H 5TH AVE Cross bucks 1 4 750 Wausau 182046P 3RD AVE Flashing lights 1 4 6,000 Wausau 182047W ALLEY Cross bucks 1 0 10 Wausau 182048D 1ST AVE Flashing lights 1 4 5,200 Wausau 182049K SHERMAN ST Cross bucks 4 6 240 Wausau 182051L THOMAS ST Flashing lights 2 2 15,500 Wausau 182054G 17TH AVE Flashing lights 1 4 9,200 Wausau 182055N 24TH AVE Flashing lights 1 4 6,930 Wausau 182057C 28TH AVE Flashing lights 1 6 15,300 Wausau 182060K 48TH AVE Cross bucks 1 0 100 Wausau 392818C 7TH AVENUE Cross bucks 1 10 450 Wausau 392819J TOWN LINE RD Gates 1 12 6,800 Wausau 392820D SINGLE AVE Flashing lights 1 20 1,493 Wausau 392822S MCINTOSH ST Flashing lights 1 20 4,721 Wausau 392823Y JACKSON ST Flashing lights 1 20 2,876 Wausau 392824F WASHINGTON ST Flashing lights 1 18 1,200 Wausau 392825M JEFFERSON ST Flashing lights 1 20 555 Wausau 392826U SCOTT ST Flashing lights 1 20 1,491 Wausau 392827B FRANKLIN ST Flashing lights 1 10 6,728 Wausau 392828H ALLEY Cross bucks 1 6 10 Wausau 392829P 7TH ST @ MCINDOE Flashing lights 1 10 6,437 Wausau

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Crossing ID Location Signal/Sign Number of Number of Number of Jurisdiction Tracks Trains Vehicles Crossing 392830J ALLEY Cross bucks 1 6 20 Wausau 392831R 6TH ST @ FULTON Flashing lights 1 10 11,789 Wausau 392833E 5TH ST Flashing lights 1 10 9,792 Wausau 392834L 3RD ST Flashing lights 1 10 4,105 Wausau 392840P WAUSAU AVE Cross bucks 3 14 1,170 Wausau 392841W DEVOE ST Stop signs 1 12 267 Wausau 392842D WINTON ST Cross bucks 1 12 69 Wausau 392845Y GILBERT PARK RD Cross bucks 1 10 294 Wausau 392846F RIVERVIEW CT Stop signs 1 10 115 Wausau 392847M RIVERVIEW DR Stop signs 1 10 250 Wausau 392848U EVERGREEN RD Cross bucks 1 10 221 Wausau 917715H RIVER EDGE TR Stop signs 1 0 100 Wausau

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APPENDIX D LOCAL COMMUNITY MITIGATION STRATEGIES

The following tables are an update to the 2005 goals and objectives outlined by local governments. These tables are designed to specifically identify measures taken by local municipalities to complete projects as well as to identify any new concerns that have arisen since the 2005 plan was adopted. Comments in red font are updates to the 2005 plan; comments in blue font represent newly recognized concerns. If representatives from the local jurisdiction did not attend meetings the information will remain unchanged from the previous plan. A rating of HIGH means the hazard is likely to affect the community or there is a past history of such an event. A rating of MEDIUM means the hazard may have an effect on the community/some history of such events. A rating of LOW means it is not likely to affect the community or there is a limited history of such events. (*) DENOTES NFIP COMPLIANCE ACTIVITIES

Athens (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Obtain battery back-up for public warning system Athens Done Local X Installed new siren Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Athens 2010 Local X Thunderstorms Ongoing Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Power Co. does this and work is satisfactory Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Athens Ongoing X Treatment Plant Ongoing/Water tower Communications *Flood Maintain and enforce Floodplain Zoning Ordinance Athens Ongoing Local Drought Water use ordinance May develop Athens TBD Local X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Athens Ongoing Local X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Athens Ongoing Local X ICS 300 for Fire Fighters Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Athens Ongoing Local X Posters and newsletters to residents to notify of shelters Training Incident Command Training and Practice Elected officials, DPW and Fire Dept need NIMS training. MCEM Ongoing Local X Scheduled for Nov 2010 by Lt. Billeb. MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Waste water treatment plant upgrade

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Birnamwood Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation (V) Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Birnamwood 2010 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Birnamwood Ongoing Local X *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Birnamwood Ongoing Local Drought Water use ordinance Birnamwood TBD Local X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant DNR X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Birnamwood Ongoing X

Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Birnamwood Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Training Incident Command Training and Practice MCEM Ongoing X Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical X College. MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Brokaw (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Water Site an additional potable water well Brokaw 2007 CDBG X Contamination DNR said no to additional well. Still a problem Water Explore purchase of water from other communities Brokaw Done Local X Contamination Brokaw is getting water from City of Wausau Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Brokaw 2010 Local X Thunderstorms Brokaw adopts UDC but is in process of reviewing their codes Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Brokaw Ongoing Local X Brokaw is interested in backup power at village hall but funding is a concern *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Brokaw Ongoing Local Drought Water use ordinance This is a minimal concern for Brokaw at this time. Will remain Brokaw TBD Local X in plan for future consideration. Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Brokaw Ongoing DNR X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Brokaw Ongoing X Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Brokaw Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Transportation DOT reconstruct ramps at US 51/Cth-WW DOT TBD DOT X Safety concerns over traffic problems Transportation Railroad blocks road at Cth-WW for extended periods of time Community leaders will talk with railroad about their RAILROAD ONGOING Local X concerns for emergency response due to road blockage. Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM Ongoing LOCAL X College. Water agreement with the City of Wausau MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Dorchester (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Dorchester 2010 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Dorchester Ongoing Local X

Drought Water use ordinance Dorchester TBD Local X *Flood Complete requirements for participation in NFIP Fenwood Immediate Local X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Dorchester Ongoing DNR X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Dorchester Ongoing Local X Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM Ongoing Local X College. Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Dorchester Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Edgar (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Flood Disconnect storm drains and sump pumps from sanitary system to promote infiltration Edgar Ongoing Local X Village of Edgar continues to monitor this and when found disconnects. *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Edgar Ongoing Local

Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Edgar 2010 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Edgar Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. Drought Water use ordinance Edgar TBD Local X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Edgar Ongoing DNR X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Edgar Ongoing Local X Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Edgar Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM Ongoing LOCAL X College. MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Elderon (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Elderon 2010 Local Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Elderon Ongoing Local Would like to see funding for this – Fire Dept. as well *Flood Complete necessary requirements to participate in NFIP Elderon Immediate Local X Drought Water use ordinance Elderon TBD Local Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Elderon Ongoing DNR Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Elderon Ongoing Local Utility Add power to park near lake for ~ No running water in park Elderon TBD Local X Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Elderon Ongoing Local Wolf Den is designated as a storm shelter. Training Incident Command Training and Practice See a need for this training and plan to send Village President and Fire Chief. Some supervisors have completed the MCEM Ongoing Local training. Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical College. MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Trimming of trees in park

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Fenwood (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Fenwood 2010 Local Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Fenwood Ongoing Local

Drought Water use ordinance Fenwood TBD Local *Flood Complete requirements necessary to participate in NFIP Fenwood Immediate Local X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Fenwood Ongoing DNR Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Fenwood Ongoing Local Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM Ongoing Local College. MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Hatley (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Local Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Hatley 2010 X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Hatley Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. Drought Water use ordinance Hatley DONE Local X Have adopted their own water use ordinances *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Hatley Ongoing Local Flood Mitigate potential flooding issues on Elm Street in Village Hatley TBD FEMA X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Hatley Ongoing DNR X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Hatley Ongoing Local X Transportation Build bridge on Wadleigh Street Federal Hatley Summer 2011 X and local Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Fire Chief and Village President alert local residents. Village Hatley DONE Local X Hall is opened as a shelter. Residents are notified via newsletter two times each year as well. New Village Hall. Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM Ongoing Local X College. Blacktop Poplar Lane MITIGATION ACTIVITIES New streets New sewer and water lines

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Kronenwetter (v) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Reduce number of neighborhoods served by only one road. Kronenwetter Ongoing Local X ALL Rebuild the Plaza Road Bridge to provide better access and Kronenwetter DONE X evacuation capabilities Rebuilt 2007-2008 ALL Evaluate potential evacuation routes for Happy Hollow Road Kronenwetter Ongoing Local X area. ALL Increase local law enforcement capabilities Implemented police department adding six full-time officers Kronenwetter DONE Local X and four part-time officers. Winter Storms Obtain new utility truck and brush truck Kronenwetter DONE X Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Kronenwetter DONE Local X Thunderstorms Completed 2007. Working towards Code Enforcement Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Power Co. does this and work is satisfactory Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Kronenwetter Ongoing Local X Two permanent generators at critical municipal sites Drought Water use ordinance Developed Kronenwetter DONE Local X All Establish Emergency Medical Service network (EMS) Kronenwetter Local X Fire New fire station Kronenwetter DONE Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Kronenwetter Ongoing DNR X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Kronenwetter Ongoing Local *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Kronenwetter Ongoing Local Flood Increase drainage capacity at the basin by 2ft at intersection Kronenwetter Ongoing FEMA X of Kowalski/I-39 Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Kronenwetter Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training conducted November 2010 through Northcentral MCEM Ongoing LOCAL X Technical College. Re-construct Plaza Road near Bull Junior Creek MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Marathon (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Marathon 2010 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local Thunderstorms Tornado Considering ordinance for anchoring mobile homes Marathon TBD Local X Tornado Consider additional siren Marathon City TBD Local X Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Marathon Ongoing Local Generators at school and waste water treatment. Would like to see funding for this at Village Hall. *Flood Approach owners of repetitive loss structure about acquisition/relocation *Applied for grant for purchase of Marathon TBD FEMA X homes flooded in September 2010 *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Marathon Ongoing Local Drought Water use ordinance Marathon TBD Local X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Marathon Ongoing DNR Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Marathon Ongoing Local X Fire Allocate funding for new fire department Marathon DONE X Built new Fire Department Open June-July 2010 Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Marathon Ongoing Local X Village Hall identified as storm shelter Training Additional Training/Exercise Drills with MCEM MCEM/Marathon TBD LOCAL X Training Incident Command Training and Practice MCEM Ongoing LOCAL X Training November 2010 at Northcentral Technical College. 2007 new storm sewers on Main Street/Sth-107 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES 2010 new storm sewer 4th Street/Pine Street

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Mosinee (C) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Obtain up-to-date portable radios Mosinee 2010 Federal X

Hazardous Obtain Training in use of chemical resistant suits and masks Materials Mosinee/MCEM 2007 Local X Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Mosinee 2010 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines and Tornados structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Mosinee Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Mosinee Ongoing Local

Drought Water use ordinance Mosinee TBD Local X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Mosinee Ongoing DNR X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Mosinee Ongoing Local X All Maintain critical facility – waste water treatment plant to be taken off-line, waste water treated at Rib Mountain Mosinee 2011 USDA X Metropolitan Sewerage Transportation Highway 153 roundabout Mosinee Completed WisDOT Transportation Highway 153 bridge replacement WisDOT Completed WisDOT

Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Mosinee/MCEM Ongoing Local X

Training Incident Command Training and Practice MCEM Ongoing Local X Training November 2010 at Northcentral Technical College. MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Rothschild (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Rothschild 2010 Local X Thunderstorms In process re-codification beginning 2010 Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Village Crew/Contracted services ~ No concerns Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Rothschild Ongoing Local X Generators Installed at Village Hall and Water Treatment Drought Water use ordinance Rothschild Ongoing Local X Flood Identify shelters for displaced residents Rothschild Ongoing Local X *Flood Study residential floodplain area near Siemans’s Technology Rothschild Ongoing FEMA X and Domtar. Identify how to protect area. Flood Bus 51 is not at correct elevation to prevent flooding. Cedar Rothschild/DOT Ongoing DOT X Creek floods the road. *Flood Maintain and enforce the floodplain zoning ordinance Rothschild Ongoing Local Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Rothschild Ongoing DNR X Program Fire Pursue additional fire training Rothschild Ongoing Local X Transportation Signage near power plant advising of heavy fog and ice Rothschild/DOT 2011 Local X Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Rothschild Ongoing Local X Need to identify areas with deficient safety shelters Training Incident Command Training and Practice NIMS is being requested. Training was coordinated by Lt. MCEM Ongoing Local X Billeb and will took place November 2010 at Northcentral Technical College. Update Codes MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Routine Trimming General road maintenance

Schofield (C) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation

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Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Increase local law enforcement capabilities Schofield DONE Local X Increased staff at Everest Metropolitan Police Department Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Schofield Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Power company and city does this and work is satisfactory Tornado Only one siren in town consider adding siren Schofield TBD Local X Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Schofield Ongoing Local X Back-up generators for wells and lift stations. City hall not wired at this time Drought Water use ordinance Schofield DONE Local X Not a concern given capacity of wells *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Schofield Ongoing Local Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Program Schofield Cancel DNR X Does not participate/Little forest in Schofield Fire Pursue additional fire training Schofield Ongoing Local X Water No wellhead protection plan or ordinance in place. Currently Schofield TBD Local X Contamination working on developing plan. Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Schofield Ongoing Local X Mobile home park has no shelter ~ Possible to use Schofield Elementary School Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 at Northcentral Technical College. MCEM Ongoing Local X

Increased law enforcement staffing (All) Upgraded multiple culverts (Flood) MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Implemented burning ordinances (Fire) Nuisance Ordinance adopted

Spencer (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Hazard Mitigation Measure Responsible Timeframe Funding Priority

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Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Spencer Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Power company and city does this and work is satisfactory Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Spencer Ongoing Local X Back-up generators at Fire Dept and Water Utility Drought Water use ordinance Spencer Ongoing Local X Not a concern given capacity of wells *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Spencer Ongoing Local Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Program Spencer Ongoing DNR X Fire Pursue additional fire training Spencer Ongoing Local X Fire Control burn NW Corner of village (swamp brush) 100+ acres Spencer TBD Local X Tamaracks Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Spencer Ongoing Local X Will consider Land o Lakes and make contacts Tornados Mobile home ordinance related to tie downs Spencer TBD Local X Water No wellhead protection plan or ordinance in place. Currently Spencer TBD Local X Contamination working on developing plan. Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 at Northcentral Technical College. MCEM Ongoing Local X

MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

136

Stratford (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Stratford Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Stratford Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Stratford owns their own utility company Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Stratford Ongoing Local X Public Works maintains Drought Water use ordinance Stratford DONE Local X Stratford has a water use ordinance Flood 2 holding ponds upstream could fail MCEM TBD X FEMA *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Stratford Ongoing Local Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Program Stratford Ongoing DNR X Fire Pursue additional fire training Stratford Ongoing Local X Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Stratford Ongoing Local X Community Hall is storm shelter. Advertised on water bill Tornados Consider mobile home ordinance related to tie downs Stratford TBD Local X Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 at Northcentral Technical College. MCEM Ongoing Local X

MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

137

Wausau (C) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude Flood storm water detention basins to mitigate small area flooding Wausau TBD Local X Flood Increase size of storm sewers Wausau Ongoing Local X *Flood Approach owners of repetitive loss structure about Stettin 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Flood Replacement of bridges Wausau/DOT Ongoing FEMA X *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Wausau Ongoing Local *Flood Flood protection study for dike along the shore of Lake Wausau Ongoing FEMA X Wausau Transportation Investigate gating of railroad crossing at 3rd, 5th, and 6th Street Wausau Ongoing Local X 3rd Street crossing has been completed Winter Storm Work with DOT to manage ice on future bridges along Marathon County Tornados STH51/STH29 Pending DOT X Highway Thunderstorms Winter Storm Review/revision of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high wind/snow load) Wausau Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Wausau Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Work with utility companies to implement buried power lines Wausau/Power Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms when and where feasible Companies Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Wausau Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. Drought Water use ordinance Wausau Ongoing Local X Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Program Wausau Ongoing DNR X Fire Pursue additional fire training Wausau Ongoing Local X Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Wausau/MCEM Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Tornados Require that restroom or other community buildings in mobile home parks and/or campgrounds be designed and Wausau TBD Local X constructed to be suitable as a tornado shelter. Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 at Northcentral Technical College. MCEM Ongoing Local X

138

Weston (V) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Increase local law enforcement capabilities Computers in cars w/mapping Weston Ongoing Local X K-9 Unit ALL Purchase POD’s to store medical supplies in the event of a MCEM TBD Local X mass casualty event such as tornado Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Weston Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Weston Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Weston Ongoing Local X Backup generators at Public Safety Building and Waste Treatment *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance Weston Ongoing Local Drought Water use ordinance Weston Ongoing Local X Village ordinance to issue water emergencies Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Fire Continue participation in the Forest Fire Protection Grant Program Weston Ongoing DNR X Fire Pursue additional fire training Weston Ongoing Local X Fire Consider local use of MABA model for interoperability. MCEM TBD Local X Tornados Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Weston Ongoing Local X Identify mobile home parks and will determine whether private park owners can obtain grant funding for shelter Training Incident Command Training and Practice Training November 2010 at Northcentral Technical College. MCEM Ongoing Local X

Birch Street drainage basin/storm basin MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Storm sewer installation on Mt. View Avenue and Norma Avenue Revision of floodplain ordinance

139

Bergen (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Bergen Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Bergen Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Bergen 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Bergen Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Bergen Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Bergen Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Bergen 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Bergen Ongoing Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Bergen Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Bergen Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Bergen TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Bergen DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Bergen Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

140

Berlin (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Berlin Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Berlin Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Berlin 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Berlin Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Berlin Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Berlin Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Berlin NA FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Berlin Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Berlin Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Berlin Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Berlin NA Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Berlin DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Berlin Local X Working to identify storm shelters MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Concern over residents using garages as private residences…want zoning ordinance changed Effective 2005 mobile homes no longer allowed in township. Earlier homes are grandfathered in.

141

Bern (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Bern Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Bern Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Bern 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Bern Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Bern Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Bern Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Bern 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Bern Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Bern Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Bern Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Bern TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Bern DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Bern Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

142

Bevent (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Bevent Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Bevent Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Bevent 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Bevent Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Bevent Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Bevent Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Bevent 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Bevent Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Bevent Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Bevent Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Bevent TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Bevent DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Bevent Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

143

Brighton (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Brighton Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Brighton Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Brighton Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Yearly maintenance Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Brighton Ongoing Local X Back-up generator at Town Hall checked regularly Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Brighton Ongoing Local Currently none in town Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Brighton Ongoing Local X See Mitigation Activities for list of new and needed culverts *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Brighton 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Brighton Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Brighton Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Brighton Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Brighton TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Brighton DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Brighton Ongoing Local X Health department monitors Replaced culverts on Kington Rd, River Rd and Mystic Rd Purchased new grader to maintain roads in 2006 MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Identified need for culvert replacement on Ridge Avenue, Eau Pleine Road, Town Hall Rd and Frey Rd. Would like to purchase radios for town officials to communicate with during an emergency.

144

Cassel (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Cassel Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Cassel Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Cassel 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Cassel Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Cassel Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Chesak Road improvements – replace bridge, install larger Local Cassel CONCERN X culverts and elevate road at east end FEMA Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Cassel Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Cassel 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Cassel Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Cassel Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Cassel Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Cassel TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Cassel DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Cassel Ongoing Local X Completed activities include the replacement of 12 culverts in the township in 2009 also work on the Soda Creek/Scotch Creek Crossing MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Cassel is very concerned about the Chesak Road improvements that are needed. Funding is a concern for this project. Bridge built in 1931.

145

Cleveland (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Cleveland Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Cleveland Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Cleveland 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Cleveland Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Cleveland Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Cleveland Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Cleveland 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Cleveland Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Cleveland Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Cleveland Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Cleveland TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Cleveland DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Cleveland Ongoing Local X Cleveland has worked out a procedure with the Stratford Fire Department to assist with their equipment if the need arises. A MITIGATION ACTIVITIES notification system is in place between the Town Chairman, Road Supervisors and the Fire Department.

146

Day (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Day Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Day Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Day 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Day Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Day Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Day Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Day 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Day Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Day Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Day Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Day TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Day DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Ongoing Day Local X

Day has set up a Tornado response procedure which they practice during every Tornado Warning that is issued. This has been MITIGATION ACTIVITIES coordinated with their local fire department.

147

Easton (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Easton Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Easton Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Primarily done with new residents Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Easton 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Easton Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Easton Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Own their own steamer for clearing culverts of ice. Easton Ongoing Local X Concern over ice jams on Eau Claire River Rd at Cth-N *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Easton NA FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Easton Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Easton Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Easton Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Easton NA Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Easton DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Easton Ongoing Local X Water Cont. Develop guidelines for minimum lot size to protect groundwater. Easton DONE X Developed 2 acre lot size restriction. Subdivisions exempt MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Purchased steamer to melt ice from culverts

148

Eau Pleine (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM,Eau Pleine Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Eau Pleine Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Eau Pleine 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Completed yearly Winter Storm Add power hook-up to Town Hall to accommodate generator Tornados Eau Pleine TBD Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Eau Pleine Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Eau Pleine NA Local X Asked to have removed due to lack of facilities to utilize Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Eau Pleine Ongoing Local X Flood Replace March Rapids Bridge with large culverts Eau Pleine TBD Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Eau Pleine 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Eau Pleine Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Eau Pleine Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Eau Pleine Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Eau Pleine NA X No municipal water sources. Remove at Eau Pleine request Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM,Eau Pleine DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Eau Pleine Ongoing Local X Eau Pleine has been working to build up their roads over the last 15-20 years to prevent blowing snow and flooding issues. MITIGATION ACTIVITIES New culverts were added on Scout, Equity and Balsam Rd’s in 2009. Ditching and brushing yearly as needed.

149

Elderon (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Elderon Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Elderon Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Elderon 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Elderon Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Elderon Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Elderon Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Elderon 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Elderon Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Elderon Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Elderon Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Elderon TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Elderon DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Elderon Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

150

Emmet (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Emmet Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Emmet Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Planted trees along Sth-107 to prevent blowing snow Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Emmet 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Emmet Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Emmet Ongoing Local Consider Town Hall Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Emmet Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about acquisition/relocation Emmet NA NA X Remove as no homes in Flood Plain per Emmet officials Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Emmet Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Emmet Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Emmet Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Emmet NA NA X Remove as no public water sources all private Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Emmet DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Emmet Ongoing Local X Emmet has replaced all town bridges within the last 15 years. New culverts on Sugarbush, Twin Creek and Fairview MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Badger Rd was raised, ditching completed and blacktop approaches at bridges.

151

Frankfort (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Frankfort Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Frankfort Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Frankfort 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Add power hook-up to Town Hall to accommodate generator Tornados Frankfort TBD Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Frankfort Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Frankfort NA NA X Asked to have removed due to lack of facilities to utilize Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Frankfort Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about acquisition/relocation Frankfort NA NA X No homes in flood plain Remove Fire Pursue additional fire training Frankfort Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify information for those not listed Frankfort Ongoing Local X There continues to be a problem with the addressing system and fire responses in Frankfort’s fire district. Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Frankfort Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Frankfort Ongoing Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Frankfort DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Frankfort Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Frankfort replaced a bridge in 2009 and plans to build new bridges and to replace culverts in the near future

152

Franzen (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Franzen Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Franzen Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Franzen 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Franzen Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Franzen Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Franzen Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Franzen 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Franzen Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Franzen Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Franzen Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Franzen TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Franzen DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Franzen Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

153

Green Valley Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation (T) Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice MCEM, Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical Ongoing Local X Green Valley College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Green Valley Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Green Valley 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Green Valley Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Green Valley Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Green Valley Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Green Valley 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Green Valley Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Green Valley Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Green Valley Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Green Valley TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, DONE X Materials Team Green Valley Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Green Valley Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

154

Guenther (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Obtain up-to-date portable radios Guenther TBD X ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Guenther Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Guenther Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Guenther 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC. State certified inspector for Town Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm New town hall with plumbing. Current hall is not sound and is Tornados a danger. Would like hall to double as storm shelter for Guenther TBD FEMA X Thunderstorms residents. Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Guenther Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Guenther Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Guenther Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Guenther 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Guenther Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Guenther Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Schedule Program (WSP) Guenther NA NA X No farmers use irrigation. Remove Drought Water use ordinance Guenther NA NA X Private wells only. Remove Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, DONE X Materials Team Guenther Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Guenther Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Replaced bridges on Sandy Creek Road and Guenther Rd within last 15 years.

155

Halsey (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Halsey Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Halsey Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Halsey 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company NA Local X Thunderstorms Halsey would like removed from plan as not applicable Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Halsey NA Local X Halsey would like removed from plan as not applicable Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Halsey Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Halsey Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Halsey 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Halsey Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Halsey Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Schedule Program (WSP) Halsey NA NA X Would like listed as NA. No farmers irrigate. Drought Water use ordinance Halsey TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Halsey DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Halsey Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Halsey has replaced several failing culverts, inspects their culverts primarily in the spring. Ditching and road maintenance.

156

Hamburg (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Hamburg Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Hamburg Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Hamburg 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Hamburg DONE Local X Wired municipal building for separate generator for electricity and heat Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Hamburg Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Hamburg Ongoing Local X *lood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Hamburg 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Hamburg Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Hamburg Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Hamburg Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Hamburg TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Hamburg DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Hamburg Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

157

Harrison (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Harrison Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Local Harrison Ongoing X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Local Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Harrison 2016 X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Local Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Local power systems if they do not exist. Harrison Ongoing X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Local Harrison Ongoing deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Local Harrison Ongoing X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Harrison 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Local Harrison

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Local Harrison Ongoing X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Local Harrison X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Local Harrison TBD X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Harrison DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Harrison Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Harrison has replaced multiple culverts on Damitz Rd, Hansen Rd, Springbrook Rd, School Rd and Bear Lake Rd

158

Hewitt (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Hewitt Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Local Hewitt Ongoing X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Local Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Hewitt 2016 X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Local Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Local power systems if they do not exist. Hewitt Ongoing X Would like back-up generator hook-up at town hall Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Local Hewitt Ongoing deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Local Hewitt Ongoing X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about acquisition/relocation Hewitt NA NA X Remove due to no homes in floodplain Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Local Hewitt

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Local Hewitt Ongoing X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Local Hewitt X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Local Hewitt TBD X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Harrison DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Hewitt Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

159

Holton (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Local MCEM, Holton Ongoing X Training November 2010 -Northcentral Technical College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Local Holton Ongoing X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Local Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Holton 2016 X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Local Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Local power systems if they do not exist. Holton Ongoing X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Local Holton Ongoing deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Local Holton Ongoing X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about FEMA Holton 2016 X acquisition/relocation Flood Flooding and possible stranded residents on Boss Rd west of FEMA Holton Ongoing X Cth-F. Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Local Holton

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Local Holton Ongoing X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Local Holton X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Local Holton TBD X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Holton DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Holton Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

160

Hull (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Hull Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Hull Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Hull 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Hull Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Hull Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Hull Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Hull 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Hull Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Hull Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Hull Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Hull TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Hull DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Hull Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

161

Johnson (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Johnson Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Johnson Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Johnson 2016 Local X Thunderstorms UDC Compliance

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Johnson Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Consider Amish Schools, Meetings/Mailings Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin REMOVE Johnson N/A X Schedule Program (WSP) N/A Drought Water use ordinance Johnson TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Johnson DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Johnson Ongoing Local X Town of Johnson would like to create fire ponds on the west side of the township. The township has been working to replace culverts MITIGATION ACTIVITIES as needed and has replaced several over the last five years.

162

Knowlton (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Knowlton Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Knowlton Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Plan to use website and mailings to educate residents Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Knowlton 2016 Local X Thunderstorms UDC Compliance Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Knowlton Ongoing Local X Installed backup generator in 2005 at Town Hall Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Knowlton Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Knowlton 2016 FEMA X acquisition/relocation Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Hired Full-time road supervisor in 2007. Checking roads on Knowlton Ongoing Local X regular basis. Would like to do more work on Plum Lane. Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Knowlton Local Practice twice a month Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Knowlton Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Knowlton TBD Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Knowlton TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, DONE X Materials Team Knowlton Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Knowlton Ongoing Local X Town of Knowlton would like to research funding for a storm shelter at their mobile home park on Ridge Road. Knowlton has done MITIGATION ACTIVITIES extensive work with replacing culverts and ditching to mitigate flooding on Plum Lane, Greenview Drive as well as near Sandy Creek. A fire truck has also been brought to Knowlton from Mosinee for better fire response.

163

Maine (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Maine Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Maine Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Maine 2016 Local X Thunderstorms UDC Compliance Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Cut 40 Cords of wood in Spring 2010 Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Maine Ongoing Local X Would like to see backup generator systems as Fire Dept/Town Garage Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Maine Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Maine N/A FEMA X acquisition/relocation Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Maine Ongoing Local X Flood Replacement/upgrade of bridges Maine Ongoing Local X Flood Replace bridge over County Line Creek Maine DONE Local X Replaced bridge in 2005 Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Concerns related to viability, response, equipment & building. Maine Local X

Firefighters aging and lack of interest/new members! Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify information for those not listed Maine Ongoing Local X Recently updated all Fire numbers Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Maine TBD Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Maine TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Maine DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Maine Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Would like additional training with large event planning and ICS. There is also concern over manure pit failure and Brokaw Papers.

164

Marathon (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Marathon Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Thunderstorm In addition have rebuilt some roads higher to prevent blowing Marathon Ongoing Local X snow. Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Marathon 2016 Local X Thunderstorms UDC Compliance

Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Continued problem with trimming of lines and subsequent fire response by Marathon City. Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Marathon Ongoing Local X Would like additional hookups at Town Hall, Municipal Shop and Salt Shed. Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Marathon Ongoing Local deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Marathon Ongoing Local X Ongoing ditching and maintenance Fire Pursue additional fire training Marathon Ongoing Local *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Marathon N/A Local X acquisition/relocation Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Marathon Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Marathon Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Marathon TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Marathon DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Marathon Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Town of Marathon continues to do routine maintenance and ditching to prevent flooding issues.

165

McMillan (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, McMillan Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences McMillan Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) McMillan 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. McMillan Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with McMillan Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches McMillan Ongoing Local X Fixed several roads that were damaged during 2002 flooding *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about McMillan Ongoing FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing McMillan Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify McMillan Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin McMillan Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance McMillan TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, McMillan DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing McMillan Ongoing Local X McMillan has concerns about the McMillan Marsh and the potential for fire. There are a lot of new subdivisions in this area where large MITIGATION ACTIVITIES homes are being built. The potential for flooding in this area is a concern if the dikes were to break in the McMillan Marsh.

166

Mosinee (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Mosinee Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Mosinee Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Mosinee 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Mosinee Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Mosinee Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Mosinee Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Mosinee Ongoing FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Mosinee Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Mosinee Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Mosinee Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Mosinee TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Mosinee DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Mosinee Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

167

Norrie (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Norrie Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Norrie Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Norrie 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Norrie Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Norrie Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Norrie Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Norrie Ongoing FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Norrie Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Norrie Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Norrie Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Norrie TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Norrie DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Norrie Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

168

Plover (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Plover Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Plover Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Plover 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Plover Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Plover Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Ditch and Replace Culverts Plover Ongoing Local X Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Plover Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Plover Ongoing FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Plover Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Plover Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Plover Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Plover TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Plover DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Plover Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

169

Reid (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Reid Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Reid Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Reid 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Reid Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Reid Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Reid Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Reid Ongoing FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Reid Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Reid Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Reid Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Reid TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Reid DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Reid Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

170

Rib Falls (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Rib Falls Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Rib Falls Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Rib Falls 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Rib Falls Ongoing Local X Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Rib Falls Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Rib Falls Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Rib Falls Ongoing FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ongoing Rib Falls Local

Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Rib Falls Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X

Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ongoing Rib Falls Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Rib Falls TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Rib Falls DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Rib Falls Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

171

Rib Mountain (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice MCEM, Rib Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical Ongoing Local X Mountain College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Rib Mountain Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Rib Mountain 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Rib Mountain Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Rib Mountain Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters. Town Hall needs to be storm shelter Flood Improve key roads by blacktopping, paving and improve/elevating road Rib Mountain Ongoing Local X Many improvements made but some additional work is still required. Flood Resurface roads subject to frequent flooding Rib Mountain DONE FEMA X N. Lakeshore Drive was resurfaced Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Rib Mountain Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Rib Mountain N/A N/A X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Rib Mountain Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Rib Mountain Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Rib Mountain N/A N/A X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Rib Mountain TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Rib DONE X Materials Team Mountain Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Rib Mountain Ongoing Local X All Construct new fire station and municipal building Rib Mountain DONE MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Rib Mountain Clerk has received Emergency Management training. Replacement of culverts and bridges

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Rietbrock (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Rietbrock Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Rietbrock Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Rietbrock 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Rietbrock Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Rietbrock Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Improve key roads by blacktopping, paving and Rietbrock Ongoing Local improve/elevate Flood Raise Fir Lane and install rip rap on shoulder where creek runs parallel to road Rietbrock DONE X New culvert. Still have to rip rap Flood Blacktop Killdeer Road and shoulder to prevent washout Rietbrock 2010 Local X Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Rietbrock Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Rietbrock N/A N/A X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Rietbrock Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Rietbrock Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Rietbrock Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Rietbrock TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Rietbrock DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Rietbrock Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES Rietbrock would like to see Tone Alert monitors for the elderly, back-up power at town hall.

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Ringle (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Ringle Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Ringle Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Ringle 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Ringle hires their own building inspector and has their own codes which adopt State UDC Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Ringle Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with Ringle Ongoing Local X deficient safety shelters Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Ringle Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Ringle N/A N/A X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Ringle Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Ringle Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Ringle Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Ringle TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Ringle DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Ringle Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Spencer (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Spencer Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Spencer Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Spencer 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Areas around Marshfield are a concern. Power Company does good job of maintaining around lines. Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Spencer Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Spencer Ongoing Local X Only storm sirens are in Marshfield and Village of Spencer. Notifications somewhat of a concern. Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Spencer Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Spencer Ongoing FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Spencer Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Spencer Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Spencer Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Spencer TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Spencer DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Spencer Ongoing Local X Spencer has re-paved 10 miles of road in 2010. A bridge was replaced on N. Frey Avenue north of Cth-C. Ditching and trimming are MITIGATION ACTIVITIES done on a regular basis. Will look at possibly requiring tie-downs for mobile homes.

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Stettin (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Stettin Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Stettin Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Stettin 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC

Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Stettin Ongoing Local X Would like to build new town hall with back-up power capabilities Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Stettin Ongoing Local X Mobile Home park has storm shelter Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Stettin Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about acquisition/relocation Stettin Ongoing FEMA X Applied for buyouts of 3 homes on Sherman Rd after September 2010 flooding Fire Pursue additional fire training Stettin Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Stettin Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Stettin N/A N/A X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Stettin TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Stettin DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Stettin Ongoing Local X Echo Newsletter article re: Water Contamination Stettin uses a bi-yearly newsletter to inform residents of issues related to Hazard Mitigation, etc… Stettin has made upgrades to roads MITIGATION ACTIVITIES by repaving them and has replaced culverts in the last five years. Would like to have evacuation plans for flooding. Tornados concern.

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Texas (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Texas Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Texas N/A Local X Thunderstorm Remove due to road grades being raised. Not a problem. Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Texas 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Adopt UDC Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Texas Ongoing Local X Would like back up power to fuel trucks and power building Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Texas Ongoing Local X Flood Resurface roads subject to frequent flooding Texas Ongoing FEMA X Added over flow culverts on 33rd Street and Granite Heights Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Texas Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Texas N/A N/A X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Texas Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Texas Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Texas N/A N/A X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Texas TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Texas DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Texas Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES New paving on 33rd Street, Shady Lane and N. Troy Street. Replaced several culverts. Granite Heights worked on during 2010.

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Wausau (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Wausau Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Wausau Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Wausau 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Wausau Ongoing Local X Want to purchase a propane generator to power town hall and garage in event of power failure. Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Wausau Ongoing Local X Town hall can be used as storm shelter if needed. Flood Ditch and Replace Culverts Wausau Ongoing FEMA X Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Wausau Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Wausau Ongoing FEMA X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training Wausau Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Wausau Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Wausau Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Wausau TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Wausau DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Wausau Ongoing Local X MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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Weston (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Weston Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Weston Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Weston 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup power systems if they do not exist. Weston Ongoing Local X These are in place at the Police and Fire Departments. Want municipal hall in future. Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Weston Ongoing Local X Need two more sirens for full coverage and one needs replacing for a total of three sirens. Flood Ditch and Replace Culverts Weston Ongoing FEMA X Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Weston Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about Weston N/A N/A X acquisition/relocation Fire Pursue additional fire training/Implement MABIS County wide Weston Ongoing Local Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Weston Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Weston N/A N/A X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Weston TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Weston DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Town offered program and paid ½ cost for resident’s approx. Weston Ongoing Local X 100 residents took advantage of the offer. Weston keeps residents aware of mitigation issues through community newsletter. Weston would like a new fire pond on northeast MITIGATION ACTIVITIES corner of township. Remove rock jet near Hawthorne Lane. Connect Sandy Meadows w/Cth-N for evacuation. Cut hilltop on Hwy/N at Linden Lane.

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Wien (T) Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude ALL Incident command training and practice Training November 2010 through Northcentral Technical MCEM, Wien Ongoing Local X College. Winter Storm Promote planting of windbreaks/living snow fences Wien Ongoing Local X Thunderstorm Winter Storm Review/revisions of local building codes (improve structural Tornados ability to withstand high winds/snow load) Wien 2016 Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storm Routine trimming of branches/vegetation near power lines Tornados and structures Power Company Ongoing Local X Thunderstorms Winter Storms Routine Monitoring of power systems; implement backup Wien Ongoing Local X power systems if they do not exist. Tornado Identify and inform the public of shelters; identify areas with deficient safety shelters Wien Ongoing Local X Only storm sirens are in Marshfield and Village of Spencer. Notifications somewhat of a concern. Flood Ditch and replace culverts Ditch every fall. Replaced a number of culverts over last 10 Wien Ongoing FEMA X years. Constant problem on Cth-M south of Cth-N. Flood Routine checking and clearing of culverts/ditches Wien Ongoing Local X *Flood Survey home/business owners in the floodplain about acquisition/relocation Wien Ongoing FEMA X No known homes in floodplain. Fire Pursue additional fire training Wien N/A N/A X Fire Maintain database of addresses and fire numbers and identify Wien Ongoing Local X information for those not listed Fire Continue school education programs Local FD Ongoing Local X Drought Encourage farmers that irrigate to use the Wisconsin Wien Ongoing Local X Schedule Program (WSP) Drought Water use ordinance Wien TBD Local X Hazardous Develop County-wide Level B Hazardous Materials Response MCEM, Wien DONE X Materials Team Water Cont. Educate residents on private well testing Wien Ongoing Local X Dairies must be tested. Private are owners responsibility. Wien plans to replace culverts on Aspen Drive ¾ mile north of Cth-N. Concern about weight limits on roadways and damage to road MITIGATION ACTIVITIES from manure haulers.

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County Attended Meetings Completed Survey No Participation Responsible Priority Hazard Mitigation Measure Timeframe Funding Party High Med Low Exclude All Adopt a debris management plan Solid Waste Emergency Management Solid 2011 X Conservation, Waste Planning & Zoning All Rib Mountain State Park upgrades underway, will improve State of Underway Local access to Marathon County Sheriff’s communication towers. Wisconsin Transportation State Highway 29/County Road Y intersection in Hatley Marathon County Wis Completed Highway DOT/Local Department & WisDOT Transportation Highway 29 West Interchange Federal WisDOT/Federal Completed Highway/ Highway WisDOT Transportation Highway 29 corridor preservation - Plan completed, Ongoing WisDOT purchasing of Right of Way as property becomes available WisDOT *Flood Maintain and enforce floodplain zoning ordinance County Ongoing Local Groundwater Identify and map critical groundwater recharge areas, protection encourage local efforts to adopt well-head protection plans CPZ Local and ordinances. Groundwater Encourage residents to conduct regular well testing Health On-going Local protection Department Groundwater Encourage and assist homeowners to actively address failing Local; protection septic systems; continue to enforce sanitary system CPZ On-going Wisconsin regulations Fund Groundwater Continue to enforce animal waste and manure management CPZ On-going Local protection regulations All Enhance public education about disaster resistance and Emergency On-going Local expand public awareness of hazards Management MITIGATION ACTIVITIES

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APPENDIX E SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION

The following pages contain letters and supporting documentation related to the Marathon County Hazard Mitigation Plan.

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MUNICIPAL PLAN ADOPTION

Athens 27-Jun-2011

Birnamwood 27-Jun-2011

Brokaw 12-Jul-2011

Edgar 11-Jul-2011

Elderon

Fenwood

Hatley

Kronenwetter

Marathon City July 14

Mosinee 11-Jul-2011

Rothschild 27-Jun-2011

Schofield July 12, 2011

Spencer June 20, 2011

Stratford June 28, 2011

Wausau September, 2011

Weston 1-Aug-2011

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