Procesos De Comunicación En El Desarrollo De Software Libre. El Caso

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Procesos De Comunicación En El Desarrollo De Software Libre. El Caso INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO Y DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES DE OCCIDENTE Reconocimiento de Validez Oficial de Estudios de Nivel Superior según Acuerdo Secretarial 15018, publicado en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el 29 de noviembre de 1976 DEPARTAMENTO DE ESTUDIOS SOCIOCULTURALES MAESTRÍA EN COMUNICACIÓN DE LA CIENCIA Y LA CULTURA Procesos de comunicación en el desarrollo de software libre. El caso de Moblin v2. Tesis que para obtener el grado de Maestro en Comunicación de la Ciencia y la Cultura Presenta Lic. Esteban Enael Contreras Vázquez Director de tesis: Mtra. Magdalena López de Anda Tlaquepaque, Jalisco. Noviembre 2010 1 Abstract El software libre refiere a un software donde, distintos tipos de usuarios tienen la posibilidad de participar en el proceso productivo y los desarrolladores retroalimentarse con la colaboración de la comunidad que cultivan a su alrededor. Los 32 trabajos revisados, coinciden en señalar que los usuarios forman lazos entre sí y con desarrolladores, organizaciones no lucrativas, empresas y otro tipo de instituciones y personas. En esta investigación, se abordará esta relación para explorar: qué caracteriza a los procesos de comunicación empleados en el desarrollo de Moblin v2 desde tres ejes de análisis: a) herramientas de comunicación y de trabajo; b) modelos de trabajo y; c) necesidades de los participantes. Agradecimientos En primer lugar, este trabajo no hubiera sido posible, por un lado; sin la existencia del programa de la Maestría en Comunicación de la Ciencia y la Cultura y Estudios Socioculturales del ITESO, de sus profesores y compañeros. En especial se extiende el agradecimiento a, la confianza y apoyo brindados por el Dr. Raúl Fuentes Navarro y; la inspiración constante y seductora de la Dra. Rossana Reguillo. Por el otro lado, este trabajo no existiría sin el apoyo económico (beca) que el CONACYT brinda a los alumnos de posgrado registrados en el Padrón Nacional de Posgrados. En segundo lugar, es de agradecer la inagotable paciencia de la directora de esta tesis, la Mtra. Magdalena López de Anda, que tuvo que soportar: múltiples cambios de enfoque durante las primeras etapas del proyecto de tesis y; retrasos crónicos en las entregas, a lo largo de las etapas subsecuentes. En tercer lugar, la labor de LinuxCabal A.C. y de sus participantes, que aceptaron jugar el rol de; primero, objetos de estudio y, después; asesores y guías en el mundo del Software Libre, todos los sábados y sin goce de sueldo, desde mediados del 2008 en que esta tesis comenzó. En cuarto lugar y no al último, un agradecimiento especial a la familia de Esteban (osea yo), que durante ya hace mucho tiempo ha lidiado con que, haya estudiado Sociología y luego Comunicación! Por fortuna, Elena Vázquez Larumbe (mi mamá) ha extendido una línea de crédito sólida, constante y puntual. Por otra parte, se agradece el ejemplo impecable brindado por Vicente Contreras Arteaga (mi papá), siempre amable, sereno y firme en sus creencias. 2 Indice 1Introducción.........................................................................................................................................6 1.1Software Libre.............................................................................................................................6 1.2Moblin.........................................................................................................................................8 1.3Esta investigación (Ruta a seguir)...............................................................................................8 2Moblin, contexto de emergencia y objetivos.....................................................................................11 2.1Contexto.....................................................................................................................................11 2.2Alianzas comerciales, competencia y convenios.......................................................................13 2.3Moblin v2..................................................................................................................................16 3Representar el software libre desde las ciencias sociales..................................................................18 3.1Punto de partida, reconocer legados..........................................................................................19 3.2Perspectiva demográfica y motivacional...................................................................................19 3.3Perspectiva organizacional........................................................................................................21 Investigaciones descriptivas.......................................................................................................22 Investigaciones teóricas.............................................................................................................23 Trabajos que recuperan a las comunidades de práctica.........................................................23 Trabajos que recuperan elementos de política y gobernanza................................................24 Balance de la perspectiva organizacional..................................................................................25 3.4Perspectiva Económica..............................................................................................................26 3.5Ley, Cultura y Sociedad.............................................................................................................28 3.6Conclusiones a la representación del software libre desde las ciencias sociales.......................30 4Lentes conceptuales...........................................................................................................................32 4.1Comunidades de práctica (CdP)................................................................................................33 4.2Comunidades de práctica en el contexto de la comunicación mediada por computadora.........36 4.3Redes de comunicación y trabajo en el desarrollo de software libre.........................................39 4.4Modelo de trabajo Bazar, principales características.................................................................41 Acceso........................................................................................................................................41 Economía del regalo.................................................................................................................43 Meritocracia...............................................................................................................................44 4.5Interpretación de necesidades subyacentes................................................................................45 4.6Balance de los lentes conceptuales............................................................................................49 3 5Objetivo, pregunta, método...............................................................................................................50 5.1Objetivo.....................................................................................................................................50 5.2Pregunta.....................................................................................................................................50 5.3Método.......................................................................................................................................51 Primera etapa: Observación como punto de partida para el análisis.........................................53 Segunda etapa: Análisis de contenido (AdC).............................................................................54 Desglose de variables............................................................................................................55 Forma expresiva....................................................................................................................56 Propósito................................................................................................................................56 Flujos de conversación..........................................................................................................58 Estructura de la conversación................................................................................................59 6Primera etapa. Observación como punto de partida para el análisis.................................................63 6.1Moblin.org (sitio web)...............................................................................................................64 6.2Moblin-dev (lisa de correo).......................................................................................................66 6.3Moblin-Bugzilla.........................................................................................................................69 6.4Moblin-Git.................................................................................................................................72 6.5Lanzamientos y puntos de encuentro entre las herramientas de comunicación y trabajo.........75 7Segunda etapa. Conversaciones........................................................................................................78 7.1Sujetos.......................................................................................................................................78 Equipo central............................................................................................................................78
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