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The Ultimate Computer Acronyms Archive

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Last updated: May 29, 2000 «I'm sitting in a coffee shop in Milford, NH. In the booth next to me are two men, a father and a son. Over coffee, the father is asking his son about modems, and the son is holding forth pretty well on the subject of compatibility, UART requirements, and so on. But he's little out of date: The father asks, "So should I get one with a DSP?"

"A what?" says the son.

You just can't get far if you're not up on the lingo. You might squeak by in your company of technological nonexperts, but even some of them will surprise you. These days, technical acronyms quickly insinuate themselves into the vernacular.»

Raphael Needleman

THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. The information contained in this document represents the current view of the authors on this subject as of the date of publication. Because this kind of information changes very quickly, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of the authors and the authors cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information presented herein. INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND FREEDOM FROM INFRINGEMENT. The assumes the entire risk as to the accuracy and the use of this document. This document may be copied and distributed subject to the following conditions: 1. This document must not be altered. 2. This document may not be distributed for profit. 0-9 0-9

µ (mu): Micro Prefix for 10 power -6 1GL: First Generation Language Machine language (Software) 2D: 2Dimensional

2D: Double Density (Hardware) 2GL: Second Generation Language Assembler and other low-level languages (Software) 2S: 2 Sides (Hardware) 3D: 3Dimensional

3GL: 3rd Generation Language High level programming languages (Software) 4GL: 4th Generation Language Database access languages (Software) 4GT: 4 Gigabyte memory Tuning

5GL: Fifth Generation Language Artificial intelligence languages (Software) 6DOF: Six Degrees Of Freedom

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Page 4 of 161 A

A: Ampere ABRS: Automated Book Request System A Current measurement unit ABS: Address Book Synchronization A/D: Analog/Digital (IBM) (Hardware) ABS: ABSolute A/P: Accounts Payable ABS: Automatic System A/PC: Auto Personal Computer (Hardware) ABT: ABorT A/R: Accounts Receivable ABTS: Ascii Terminal Services

A/UX: Apple AC: Audio Codec (Operating systems) (Apple) (Hardware) AA: Auto Answer AC: Alternate Current

AAB: All-to-All Broadcast AC: AutoCheck

AAC: Advanced Audio Coding AC: Automatic Computer

AAF: Advancced Authoring Format ACAP: Application Configuration Access Protocol AAL: Atm Adaption Layer ACC: ACCumulator AAP: Applications Access Point (DEC) ACD: Automatic Call Distribution AARP: Appletalk Address Resolution ACDI: Asynchronous Communications Protocol Device Interface (Network) (Apple) ACE: Access Control Encryption AAS: Auto Area Segmentation Scanner technology which detects and optimizes text and ACE: Access Control Entry graphics on the same page (Hardware) () (Operating systems) AAS: All-to-All Scatter ACE: Advanced Computing Environment

AASP: Ascii Asynchronous Support Package ACE: Automatic Computing Engine

AAT: Average Access Time ACE: Adverse Channel Enhancements

AATP: Authorized Academic Training ACE: Adobe Certified Expert Program (Adobe) () ACF: Access Control Field ABA: Address Book Archive extension ACF: Advanced Communications Function ABC: Atanasoff-Berry Computer ACH: Automated Clearing House First digital calculating machine that used vacuum tubes ACIA: Asynchronous Communication ABEL: Advanced Boolean Expression Interface Adapter Language ACIAS: Automated Calibration Interval ABEND: ABnormal END Analysis System (Software) ACID: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation and ABI: Application Binary Interface Durability Defines the binary system interface between compiled applications and the on which they run. ACIS: American Committee for Interoperable Systems ABIOS: Advanced Basic Input Output System ACK: ACKnowledge A transmission control character transmitted by a station as an ABIST: Automatic Built-In Self-Test affirmative response to the station with which the connection (IBM) has been set up. (Communication) ABLE: Adaptive Battery Life Extender ACL: Advanced Cmos Logic

ABR: Available Rate ACL: Access Control List For granting or denying access to computer resources (security) (Operating systems)

Page 5 of 161 ACM: Association for Computing Machinery ADC: Application Delete Certificate (Organizations) ADC: Advanced Connector ACM: Audio Compression Manager (Databases) (Microsoft) (Microsoft) ADC: Analog to Digital Converter A ACMS: Application Control Management A device that translates analog signals to digital signals. System Contrast with digital-to-analog converter (DAC). (Hardware) ACP: Auxiliary Control Process ADC: ADd with Carry

ACP: Ancillary Control Program ADCCP: Advanced Control Procedures ACPI: Advanced Configuration and Power (Communication) Interface (Hardware) ADD: Adapter Device Driver ACR: Allowed Cell Rate ADD: Automatic Document Detection

ACROSS: Automated Cargo Release and ADF: Automatically Defined Function Operations Service System ADF: Automatic Document Feeder ACS: Automatic Contrast Selection Scanner device (Hardware) ACS: Advanced Computer System ADF: Adapter Description (IBM) File name extension ACS: Asynchronous Communication ADI: AutoCad Device Interface Driver ACS: Anti Curl System ADK: Appliance Development Kit ACS: Access Control System (Software) ACS: Access Control Set ADL: Address Data Latch

ACS: Automatic Class Selection ADLAT: ADaptive LATtice filter

ACSE: Association Control Service Element ADLC: Asynchronous Data Link Control The method used in International Organization for Standardization's systems interconnection (OSI) for ADMACS: Apple Document Management establishing a call between two applications. And Control System ACSS: Audio Cascading Style Sheet ADMD: ADministrative Management Domain

ACTS: Advanced Communication ADML: Application Description Markup Technology Satellite Language (Communication) (NASA) (Software) ACTS: Automated Computer Time Server ADMS: Adstar Distributed Management System ACTT: Advanced Communication and Timekeeping Technology ADO: Activex Data Object (Databases) (Microsoft) ACU: Automatic Calling Unit ADODB: Activex Data Object DataBase ACVC: Ada Validation Capacity (Databases) (Microsoft)

AD: Active ADP: Automatic Data Processing (Operating systems) ADP: Access Database Project ADA: ADA (Software) (Microsoft) named after Augusta Ada Lovelace ADPCM: Adaptive Differential Pulse Code ADA: Automatic Data Acquisitions Modulation (Communication) ADA: Adobe Developers Association ADR: Advanced Digital Recording (Organizations) (Hardware) ADAPT: Architecture, Design, Analysis and Planning Tool ADR: ADdRess ADB: Apple Desktop ADS: Advanced Digital architecture (Hardware) (Apple) ADS: Application Development Solutions ADBS: Advanced Data Broadcast System (&T) (Communication) ADS: Automatic Distribution System ADC: Adaptive (Hayes) ADS: Application Development System

Page 6 of 161 ADS/O: Application Development System / AFDW: Active Framework for Data Online Warehousing ADSC: Adobe Document Structuring (Microsoft) Conventions AFFS: Amiga Fast ADSI: Active Directory Service Interface (Operating systems) A (Network) AFI: Authority and Format Identifier

ADSI: Analog Display Services Interface AFII: Association for Font Information ADSL: Asymmetric Interchange Communication infrastructure (Communication) AFIRM: Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and Match ADSM: Advanced Management (IBM) AFIS: Automated Fingerprint Identification System ADSM: Adstar Distributed Storage Manager (Databases) (IBM) AFLCD: AntiFerroelectric Liquid Cristal Display ADSP: Appletalk DataStream Protocol (Hardware) (Apple) AFM: Adobe Font Metrics ADSR: Attack, Decay, Sustain, Release File name extension (Adobe) ADT: Application Data Type AFM: Atomic Force Microscope (Hardware) ADT: Abstract Data Type (Microsoft) AFM: Atomic Force Microscope (Hardware) ADT: Access Developer Toolkit (Software) (Microsoft) AFP: Advanced Function Presentation ADT: Atlantic Daylight Time (IBM) Timezone: GMT -4:00 AFP: Appletalk Filing Protocol (Communication) (Apple) ADU: Automatic Dialing Unit AFP: Advanced Function Printing AE: Above or Equal AFR: Annualized Failure Rate AEB: Analog Expansion Bus (Hardware) (Dialogic) AFR: Alternate Frame Rendering AEC: Architecture, Engineering, (Hardware) Construction A computer graphics market requiring specialized applications AFS: Andrew File System that facilitate efficient planning, design, drafting, and analysis. AFT: Adapter Fault Tolerance AEGIS: Advanced Electronic Guidance and (Intel) Instrumentation System AFTP: Anonymous Protocol AEI: Application Enabling Interface AGA: Advanced Graphics Adapter AES: Advanced Encryption Standard AGARAS: AntiGlare AntiReflective AntiStatic AESA: Atm End System Address (Communication) AGC: Automatic Gain Control AF: Assured Forwarding AGE: Amorphium Graphics Engine Using AF, a provider may offer different levels of service for IP packets received from a customer domain. Each AF class is AGP: Accelerated Graphic Port allocated a specified amount of buffer space and (Hardware) (Network) AGU: Address Generation Unit AFA: Accelerated File Access AH: Authentication Header AFAIK: As Far As I Know (Network) (Messages) AHA: Adaptec Host Adapter AFC: Automatic Font Change (Hardware) (Adaptec) AFC: Application Foundation Classes AHDL: Analog Hardware Description (Software) (Microsoft) Language AFC: Automatic Frequency Control AHDT: Alaska-Hawaii Daylight Time Timezone: GMT -10:00 AFD: Automatic File Distribution AHS: Automated Highway Systems

Page 7 of 161 AHST: Alaska-Hawaii Standard Time ALIWEB: Archie Like Indexing in the WEB Timezone: GMT -10:00 ALM: Asynchronous Line Multiplexer AI: Artificial Intelligence A device that connects multiple terminals or other serial interface devices to Sun network file servers or workstations. AI: Analog Input Also known as "multiple terminal interface." A AIA: Applications Integration Architecture ALN: Asynchronous Learning Network (DEC) ALR: Advanced Logic Research AIC: Aixwindows Interface Composer (IBM) ALT: ALTernate

AIF: Audio Interchange Format ALU: Arithmetic Logic Unit AIFF: Audio Interchange Device in a CPU performing arithmetic operations (Hardware) (Apple) AM: Amplitude Modulation

AIIM: Association for Information and AMA: Automatic Message Accounting Image Management AMASS: Archival Management And Storage AIM: Aol Instant Messenger System AIM: Application Integration Module Manufacturer AMD: Advanced Micro Devices AIN: Advanced Intelligent Network CPU Manufacturer (AMD) AIR: Architecture Implementation Review AMD: Active Matrix Display

AIS: Automated Information System AME: Advanced Metal Evaporation AISB: Association of Imaging Service Recording media technology (Hardware) Bureaus AMHA: Advanced Macro Heuristic Analysis AISP: Association of Information Systems (Dr. Solomon) Professionals AMI: American Megatrends, Inc.

AIT: Advanced Intelligent Tape AMI: Alternate Mark Inversion (Hardware) AIX: Advanced Interactive eXecutive AMLCD: Active-Matrix Liquid Crystal Display (Hardware) IBM's Unix (Operating systems) (IBM) aka: Also Known As AMMA: Advanced Memory Management Architecture (Messages) ALB: Advanced Load Balancing AMP: Attached Media Processor (Hardware) ALC: Application Load Certificate AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System ALC: Airline Link Control (Communication) Service protocol (Network) AMS: Advanced System ALC: Automatic Level Control (Hardware) (Siemens-Nixdorf) ANDF: Architecture-Neutral Distribution ALC: Arithmetic and Logic Circuits Format ALDC: Adaptive Lossless Data Compression ANI: ANImated cursor (IBM) File name extension (Microsoft) ALE: Application Linking Enabling ANI: Automatic Number Identification

ALE: Application Launch and Embedding ANN: ANNotations (Software) File name extension (IBM) ALE: Address Latch Enable ANN: Artificial Neural Network

ALEC: Alternative Long Exchange Carrier ANS: American National Standard (Communication) ANSI: American National Standard Institute ALEP: Advanced Language Engineering An organization that reviews and approves product standards in Platform the United States. (Organizations) ALGOL: ALGOrithmic Language ANX: Automotive Network eXchange Programming language (Software) AO: Analog Output ALIBI: Adaptive Location of Internetworked Bases of Information AO/DI: Always On/Dynamic Isdn ALINK: Active LINK

Page 8 of 161 AOCE: Apple Open Collaborative APPC: Advanced Program to Program Environment Communication (Apple) APPCM: Access Protection and Priority AOE: Application Operating Environment Control Mechanism (AT&T) APPI: Advanced Peer-to-Peer A AOL: America OnLine Internetworking (Network) (Network) AOS: Add Or Subtract APPN: Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking (Network) (IBM) AOW: Asia and Oceania Workshop One of the three regional OSI implementors workshops. APRP: Adaptive Pattern Recognition Processing AP: Application Processor APS: Analog Protection System AP: Access Point (Hardware) APS: Advanced Printing Service (IBM) APA: Adaptive Packet Assembly APS: Advanced Photo System APA: All Points Addressable APS: Asynchronous Protocol Specification APA: Arithmetic Processing Accelerator APSE: Ada Programming Support APAR: Authorized Program Analysis Report Environment (IBM) (Software) APC: American Power Conversion APSO: Audio Precision System One (Hardware) APCUG: Association of PC User Groups APT: Automatically Programmed Tools APCVG: Association of Personal Computer Users Group APT: Address Pass Through (Organizations) APT: Advanced Parallel Technology APDU: Application Protocol Data Units APTC: Authorized Prometric Testing Center APF: Apple Filing Protocol Sylvan Prometric is a division of Sylvan Learning Systems. It is (Apple) the global leader in computer-based testing for academic assessment, professional licensure, and certification. API: Application Programming Interface A set of calling conventions defining how a service is invoked APTM: Application Program to Transaction through a software package. (Software) Manager APIC: Advanced Programmable Interrupt AR: Application Requester Controller (IBM) (Intel) ARA: Appletalk Remote Access APIPA: Automatic Private Protocol (Communication) (Apple) Addressing ARAG: AntiReflective, AntiGlare (Network) ARAS: AntiReflective, AntiStatic APIS: Advanced Passenger Information System ARB: Architecture Review Board APL: A Programming Language ARC: ARChive (Software) File name extension APL: Applied Physics Laboratory, ARCA: Advanced Risc Computing Skaggsville, MD. Advanced research Architecture facility. ARCnet: Attached Resource Computer APL: Average Picture Level NETwork Monitor quality parameter (Hardware) ARIN: American Registry for Internet APLSF: A Programming Language with Numbers Shared Files (Organizations) APM: Advanced Power Management ARL: Access Rights List APNIC: Asia-Pacific Network Information ARL: Adjusted Ring Length Center APOP: Authenticated ARLL: Advanced Run Length Limited

APP: APPlication ARM: Advanced Risc Machine File name extension ARM: Asynchronous Response Mode

Page 9 of 161 ARM: Annotated Reference Manual ASAP: Automatic Switching And Processing

ARMA: Association of Records Managers ASB: Advanced System Buffering and Administrators (Hardware) (Intel) ARMS: Architecture for Reliable Managed ASC: Accredited Standards Committee A Storage ASC: ASCii text ARO: Adaptec Raidport Option File name extension (Hardware) (Adaptec) ASC: Authorized Support Centers AROM: Alterable Only Memory ASCC: Automatic Sequence Controlled ARP: Address Resolution Protocol Calculator The Internet protocol used to dynamically map Internet (IBM) addresses to physical (hardware) addresses on local area networks. Limited to networks that support hardware broadcast. ASCI: Accelerated Strategic Computing (Network) Initiative ARPA: Advanced Research Projects Agency ASCII: American Standard Code for Now called Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Information Interchange (DARPA), the U.S. government agency that funded the The standard binary encoding of alphabetical characters, ARPANET. (Organizations) numbers, and other keyboard symbols (7 bit character code.) ARPANET: Advanced Research Projects ASD: Automatic Skip Driver Agency NETwork (Operating systems) (Microsoft) A packet switched network developed in the early 1970s. The "grandfather" of today's Internet. ARPANET was ASDSP: Application-Specific Digital Signal decommissioned in June 1990. Processor ARPL: Adjust Requested Privilege Level ASE: Active Storage Element

ARQ: Automatic Repeat reQuest ASE: Alladin Smartcard Environment (Communication) ASE: Adaptive Server Enterprise ARTA: Apple Real Time Architecture (Databases) (Sybase) ARTIC: A Real-Time Interface Coprocessor ASET: Automated Security Enhancement (IBM) Tool ARTS: Asynchronous Remote Takeover A tool that allows a user to specify an overall system security level (low, medium, or high) and automatically maintain Server systems at those levels. ARTT: Asynchronous Remote Takeover ASF: Applied Science Fiction Terminal Manufacturer (ASF) ARU: Audio Response Unit ASF: Active Streaming Format

ARX: Autocad Runtime eXtensions ASF: Advanced Streaming Format (Software) (Autodesk) AS: Advanced Server ASF: Apache Software Foundation (Organizations) AS: Authentication Service ASI: Asynchronous SCSI Interface

AS: Autonomous System ASI: Automatic System Installation A self-connected set of networks that are generally operated within the same administrative domain (Network) ASIC: Application-Specific Integrated AS: Application Server Circuit (IBM) A gate array or other non-standard chip design for proprietary use. (Hardware) AS/400: Application System/400 ASID: Address Space IDentifier (IBM) AS/U: Advanced Server for Unix ASIT: Advanced Security and Identification Technology AS3AP: Ansi Sql Standard Scalable And Portable ASK: Amplitude Shift Keying ASA: American Standards Association ASL: Adaptive Speed Leveling

ASA: Active Server Application ASLB: Accelerated Server Load Balancing (Network) (Microsoft) ASLM: Apple Shared Library Manager ASAI: Adjunct Switch Application Interface (Apple) (AT&T) ASLT: Advanced Solid Logic Technology ASAP: As Soon As Possible (Messages)

Page 10 of 161 ASM: Advanced Server Manager AT&T: American Telephone and Telegraph (Operating systems) (Acer) ATA: Advanced Technology Attachment ASM: Advanced System Management Peripheral bus architecture (Hardware) (IBM) ATAPI: Advanced Technology Attachment ASM: ASseMbler Packet Interface A File name extension (Hardware) ASMP: ASymmetric MultiProcessing ATC: Advanced Transfer Cache System architecture (Hardware) (Hardware) ASN: Abstract Syntax Notation ATC: Address Translation Controller The International Organization for Standardization's open systems interconnection (OSI) language for describing abstract ATDM: Asynchronous Time Division syntax. Multiplexer ASN: Autonomous System Number ATDNet: Advanced Technology Demonstration NETwork ASO: Automated Systems Operations (Network) ASP: Appletalk Session Protocol ATE: Asynchronous Terminal Emulation

ASP: Association of Shareware ATE: Atm Terminating Equipment Professionals (Organizations) ATE: Automatic Test Equipment

ASP: Active Server Pages ATEC: Authorized Technical Education Dynamic Web pages engine (Network) (Microsoft) Center ASP: Advanced Signal Processing (Microsoft) ATF: Automated Test Facility ASP: Authorized Service Provider ATG: Advanced Technology Group ASP: Application Service Provider (Software) ATI: Allied Telesyn International ASPEN: Automatic System for Performance Networking hardware manufacturer (Hardware) Evaluation of the Network ATIP: Absolute Time In Pregroove ASPI: Advanced Scsi Programming ATL: Adaptive Threshold Learning Interface ASPS: Advanced Signal Processing System ATL: Active Template Library (Microsoft) ASR: Automatic Server Recovery ATM: Asynchronous Transfer Mode (Operating systems) A standard for switching and routing all types of digital ASR: Automatic Send-Receive information, including video, voice, and data. With ATM, digital information is broken up into standard-sized packets, each with ASR: Automatic Speech Recognition the "address" of its final destination. (Communication)

ASR: Automatic Send Receive ATM: Automatic Teller Machine (Communication) ATM: Adobe Type Manager ASR: Address Space Register (Software) (Adobe)

AST: AST research, inc. ATM: Air Traffic Management Company named from first initials of the founders: Albert Wong, ATMS: Assumption based Truth Safi Qureshey, Thomas Yuen Maintenance System AST: Atlantic Standard Time ATOB: Ascii TO Binary Timezone: GMT -4:00 ASTRAL: Alliance for Strategic Token Ring ATOMM: Advanced super Thinlayer and Advancement and Leadership high-Output Metal Media ASVD: Analog Simultaneous Voice & Data ATP: Application Transaction Program (Communication) ATP: Appletalk Transaction Protocol ASYNC: ASYNchronous Communication (Communication) (Apple) Communication protocol (Communication) ATP2: AppleTalk Phase 2 AT: Advanced Technology (IBM) ATPS: AppleTalk Printing Services (Apple) AT: ATtention Modem command prefix (Communication) ATR: Answer To Reset AT: Azores Time Timezone: GMT -2:00

Page 11 of 161 ATR: Advanced AVTK: Anti Virus ToolKit Research (Software) (Organizations) AWAC: Audio Waveform Amplifier and ATR: Automatic Terminal Recognition Converter A ATS: Administrative Terminal System AWC: Advanced Web Creations ATS: Apple Terminal Services AWDE: Artus Data Enhancer (Communication) (Nokia) ATTN: ATTeNtion AWE: Advanced Wave Effects ATVEF: Advanced TeleVision Enhancement (Creative Labs) Forum AWG: American Wire Gauge (Organizations) AWK: Aho, Weinberger and Kernighan ATX: Advanced Technology eXtended Unix language named after its authors: Al Aho, Peter (Intel) Weinberger and Brian Kernighan AU: AUdio AWS: Advanced Workstations and Systems File name extension (IBM) AUC: AUthentication Center AWT: Abstract Windows Toolkit AUDIT: AUtomated Data Input Terminal (Software) AX: Architecture eXtended AUI: Audible User Interface AXI: American eXpress Interactive AUI: Attachment Unit Interface

AUP: Acceptable User Policy

AUT: Application Under Test

AUTODIN: AUTOmatic DIgital Network

AUTOVON: AUTOmatic VOice Network

AUX: Apple UniX

AUX: AUXiliary

AV: Access Violation (Software) AV: Anti Virus

AV: Audio Video

AV: Authenticity Verification

AVA: Audio Visual Authoring (IBM) AVATAR: Advanced Video Attribute Terminal Assembler and Recreator AVC: Audio Visual Connection (IBM) AVC: Advanced Visual Computing (SGI) AVD: Alternating Voice and Data

AVE: Autocad Visualization Extension

AVG: AVeraGe

AVI: Audio Video Interleaved File Format AVR: Automatic Voice Recognition

AVR: Automatic Voltage Regulation (Hardware) AVT: Applied Voice Technology

Page 12 of 161 B b: Bit BBR: Back Bone Ring

B: BBS: Bulletin Board System (Communication) B B&W: Black & White BC: Business Component B/F: Background/Foreground (Software)

B2B: Business to Business BCC: Block Check Character In longitudinal redundancy checking and cyclic redundancy B2C: Business To Customer checking, a character transmitted by the sender after each message block and compared with a block-check character B2X: Binary To heXadecimal computed by the receiver to determine if the transmission was successful. (IBM) BCC: Blind Carbon Copy BACP: Bandwidth Allocation Control Protocol BCD: Binary-Coded Decimal (Communication) Character encoding scheme BAD: Broken As Designed BCDBS: Broadband Connectionless Data Bearer Service BAK: Binary Adaptation Kit (Microsoft) BCDIC: Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code BAK: BAcKup File name extension BCF: Base station Control Function

BAL: Basic Assembly Language BCL: Batch Command Language

BALUN: BALanced UNbalanced BCN: Backbone Concentrator

BAM: Bidirectional Associative Memory BCNF: Boyce/Codd Normal Form

BAM: Boyan Action Module BCP: Basic Call Process

BAPI: Business Application Programming BCP: Binary Communications Protocol Interface (Software) BCP: Bridging Control Protocol

BARB: Board ARBiter BCP: Byte Control Protocol Part of the bus arbitration system (Hardware) (Sun) (Communication) BARRNET: Bay Area Regional Research BCP: Best Current Practice NETwork BCP: Bulk Copy Program BART: Basic Application RunTime BCPL: Basic Computer Programming BARTS: Bell Atlantic Regional TimeSharing Language BAS: BASic BCR: Best Cost Routing File name extension (Communication) BASH: Bourne Again SHell BCR: Byte Count Register

BASIC: Beginners All-purpose Symbolic BCRC: Business Component Request Center Instruction Code (Software) Programming language (Software) BCS: Banking Communication Standard BASM: Built-in ASseMbler BCS: Binary Compatibility Standard BAT: BATch File name extension BCS: British Computer Society

BAT: Block Address Translation BCS: Bar Code Sorter

BB: BridgeBoard BCSM: Basic Call Sate Model

BBB: Bit By Bit BCU: Bus Controller Unit

BBL: Be Back Later BCU: Bios Configuration Utility

BBLT: Bus BLock Transfer BDA: Bios Data Area

Page 13 of 161 BDC: Backup Domain Controller BGP: Border Gateway Protocol (Network) (Microsoft) An Internet routing protocol used to pass routing information between different administrative routing domains or BDE: Borland Database Engine Autonomous Systems. BGP does not pass explicit topology (Databases) (Inprise) information and is often used between Internet service providers (Network) BDF: Bitmap Description Format BGT: Branch if Greater Than BDK: Bean Development Kit B (Software) (Sun) BHI: Branch if HIgher BDLC: Burroughs Data Link Control BHIS: Branch if HIgher or Same

BDLS: BiDirectional Loop Switching BHLI: Broadband High Layer Information

BDOS: Basic BHO: Browser Helper Object (Operating systems) (Software) (Microsoft) BDR: Bus Device Request BI: Business Intelligence

BDSL: Broadband Digital Subscriber Line BI: Binary Input

BE: Below or Equal BIAB: Band-In-A-Box

BECN: Backward Explicit Congestion BIB: BIBliography Notification File name extension BEDO: Burst Data Extended Output BICI: Broadband InterCarrier Interface (Hardware) BiDi: BIDIrectional BEL: BELl Control character BIDS: Borland International Data Structures BELLCORE: BELL COmmunications REsearch BIF: Interchange Format BER: Bit Error Rate In computer graphics, a standardized file structure for (Communication) specifying the geometry of a particular from a particular application as well as the user interactions to be performed. BER: Basic Encoding Rules BIFET: BIpolar Field Effect Transistor Standard rules for encoding data units described in ASN.1. Sometimes incorrectly lumped under the term ASN.1, which BIFF: Binary Interchange File Format properly refers only to the abstract syntax description language, not the encoding technique. BIM: Broadband Interface Module BERT: Bit Error Rate Test (Communication) BIM: Beginning of Information Marker BEST: Borland Enhanced Support and BIN: BINary Training File name extension BET: Bit Enhancement Technology BINAC: BINary Automatic Computer (Hardware) BIND: Berkeley Internet Name Daemon BF: Bad Flag (Network) BFC: BrieFCase BINHEX: BINary HEXadecimal Filename extension (Software) (Microsoft) BIOS: Basic Input/Output System BFF: Format (IBM) BIP: Bit Interleaved Parity

BFS: Business Forecasting Software BIPM: Bureau International des Poids et des Mesures BFT: Binary File Transfer (Organizations) BFTP: Batch BIPV: Bit Interleaved Parity Violation

BGA: Ball-Grid Array BIS: Business Information System (Hardware) BISDN: Broadband Integrated Services BGE: Branch if Greater or Equal Digital Network BGI: Borland Graphics Interface (Communication) File name extension BISP: Business Information System Program BISSI: Broadband Inter-Switching System Interface BIST: Built-In Self Test

Page 14 of 161 BISYNC: BInary SYNchronous BMS: Basic Mapping Support Communications BMUG: Berkeley User Group BIT: Binary digIT BNC: Bayonet Neill-Concelman BitBLT: BIT BLock Transfer Connector (Hardware) A raster operation that moves a block of representing some portion of an image or scene from one location in the frame BNE: Branch if Not Equal buffer to another. BNF: Backus Naur Form B BITNET: Because It's Time NETwork Syntax description for programming languages Academic based originally on IBM mainframe systems interconnected via leased 9600 bps lines. BNP: Broadband Network Premises BITNIC: BITnet Network Information Center BNS: Service (Network) BIU: Bus Interface Unit (Hardware) BNU: Basic Networking Utilities BIW: Business Intelligence Warehouse BO: Business Object (Software) BIX: Byte Information eXchange Byte's bulletin board system BO: Binary Output BJ: Bubble Jet BOA: Basic Object Adapter (Hardware) (Canon) BoB: Break-Out Box BJC: Bubble Jet Color (Hardware) (Canon) BOC: Bell Operating Company BKSP: BacKSPace More commonly referred to as RBOC for "regional Bell operating company." The local telephone company in each of BL: BackLit the seven U.S. regions. BOC: Basic Operator Console BL: Bit Line BOCA: Borland Object Component BLAST: BLocked ASynchronous Architecture Transmission Protocol BOCS: Business Object Component Set (Software) BLD: Basic Bload Graphics File name extension BOD: Bandwidth On Demand (Network) BLE: Branch if Less or Equal BOF: Beginning Of File BLER: BLock ERror BOF: Bird Of a Feather BLK: BLocK Small conference BLL: Business Logic Layer BOI: Business Object Interface (Software) BLLI: Broadband Low Layer Information BOM: Basic Online Memory BLMC: Buried Logic MacroCell (IBM) BOM: Beginning Of Message BLOB: Binary Large OBject

BLOS: Branch if LOwer Or Same BOND: Bandwidth ON Demand

BLT: Baghdad Local Time BOOTP: BOOTstrap Protocol (Network) Timezone: GMT +3:00 BLT: BLock Transfer BOP: Bit-Oriented Protocol (Communication) BMI: Branch if MInus BOPS: Billions of Processes Per Second BMIC: BusMaster Interface Controller Processing speed (Hardware) (Intel) BOPS: Billion Operations Per Second

BML: Business Management Layer BOS: Basic Operating System

BMOS: Bipolar Metal Oxyde BOT: Build, Operate and Transfer

BMP: BitMaP BOT: roBOT File Format for bitmapped images BMP: Batch Message Processing BOT: Beginning Of Table

BMS: Broadcast Message Server BOT: Beginning Of Tape (Hardware)

Page 15 of 161 BP: Base Pointer BSD: Berkeley Software Distribution Processor register (Hardware) (Intel) UNIX versions developed at the University of California at Berkeley. BPB: Bios Parameter Block BSF: Bit Scan Forward BPDU: Bridge Protocol Data Unit BSI: Bentley Systems, Incorporated bpi: Bits Per Inch Recording Density BSI: BiSynchronous Interface B (Network) Bpl: Per Line BSI: British Standards Institute BPL: Branch if Plus BSM: Basic Storage Module bpp: Bits Per Pixel (IBM) BPR: Business-Process Reengineering BSOD: Blue Screen Of Death (Operating systems) (Microsoft) Bps: Bytes Per Second BSP: Binary Space Partitioning Transfer speed (Communication) bps: Bits Per Second BSP: Bulk Synchronous Parallelism Transfer speed (Communication) BSR: Bit Scan Reverse BPSK: Binary Phase-Shift Keying BSRAM: Burst Static Random Access BPU: Branch Processing Unit Memory (Hardware) BR: Bad Register BSS: Broadband Switching System BRB: Be Right Back (Messages) BSS: Block Started by Symbol BRF: Benchmark Report Format BSSMAP: Base Station System Management In computer graphics, a standard format for reporting Application Part benchmark results. This format provides the purchaser with a consistent data- for comparing hardware BST: British Summer Time platforms. Timezone: GMT +0:00 BRGC: Binary Reflected Gray Code BSV: Boot Sector Virus

BRI: Basic Rate Interface BSY: BuSY One of the standard ISDN interfaces defined by the CCITT protocols. BRI consists of two B channels (64 kbps) and one D BSYNC: Binary SYNchronous channel (16 kbps). (Communication) Communications BRI: Brain Response Interface BT: Bus Terminator

BRIEF: Basic Reconfigurable Interactive BT: Bit Test Editing Facility BTA: But Then Again BRS: Big Red Switch (Messages) BS: Banded Signaling BTAM: Basic Tape Access Method

BS: Base Station BTAM: Basic Telecommunication Access Method BS: BackSpace (IBM) BSA: Business Software Alliance BTB: Branch Target Buffer (Hardware) BSAM: Basic Sequential Access Method BTC: Bit Test and Complement BSC: Base Station Controller BTL: Bell Telephone Laboratories BSC: Bus State Controller (Hardware) BTLB: Block Translation Look-aside Buffer BSC: Binary Synchronous Communication BTM: Benchmark Timing Methodology Communication protocol (Communication) In computer graphics, a method of measuring how long it takes to run the purchaser's benchmark interchange format program. BSC: Boyan SCript File name extension BTO: Built To Order BSCM: Binary Synchronous BTOA: Binary TO Ascii Communications Module BTP: Batch Transfer Program BSCS: Bachelor of Science in Computer Science BTR: "Bet The Ranch"

Page 16 of 161 BTR: Bit Test and Reset

BTS: Base Tranceiver Station

BTS: Bit Test and Set

BTU: Basic Transmission Unit

BTU: British Thermal Unit A unit of thermal energy B BTW: By The Way (Messages) BTX: BildschirmTeXt

BU: Branch Unit

BUBL: BUlletin Board for Libraries

BUF: BUFfer

BUI: BUs Interface

BUS: Broadcast and Unknown Server (Network) BVCP: Banyan Vines Control Protocol

BVH: Base Video Handler

BVT: Build Verification Test

BVT: Behavioral Verification Technology (IBM) BW: Bus Watcher Mechanism that converts XDBus signals to XBus signals and passes them to the Module XBus Cache Controller (Sun) BWBM: BandWidth Balancing Mechanism

BWM: Block- Mode

BWoD: BandWidth On Demand (Network) BZR: Bit Zone Recording

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Page 18 of 161 C

C: C CAIRN: Collaborative Advanced Programming language Interagency Research Network C&T: Chips And Technologies CAIS: Common Apse Interface Specification C-LCD: Cholesteric Liquid Cristal Display CAL: Computer Aided Logistics C (Hardware) CAL: CALendar C-SET: Chip-secured Secure Electronic Transaction CAL: Access License C/D: Control Data CAL: Computer-Assisted Learning

C/S: Client/Server CALL: Computer-Aided Language Learning

C2D: Character To Decimal CALS: Computer-aided Acquisition in (IBM) Logistic Support C2X: Character To heXadecimal CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing (IBM) CAM: Common Access Method CA: Certification Authority (Communication) CA: Collision Avoidance CAM: Contents Addressable Memory

CAAD: Computer Aided Architectural Design CAMAC: Computer Automated Measurement And Control CAB: CABinet File name extension (Microsoft) CAMM: Computer Assisted Material Management CABS: Carrier Access Billing System CAMMU: CAche/Memory Management Unit CAC: Connection Admission Control (Hardware) CACP: Central Arbitration Control Point CAN: Controller Area Network

CAD: Custom Application Developer CAN: CANcel

CAD: Computer-Aided Design CANBUS: Conroller Area Network BUS Use of computer graphics technology to design electronic and (Network) mechanical parts and machinery. CAO: Computer Aided Office CADD: Computer-Aided Design and Drafting CAP: Computer-Aided Planning CADE: Computer-Aided Document Engineering CAP: Carrierless Amplitude and Phase modulation CADE: Client/server Application (Communication) Development Environment CAP: Computer-Aided Publishing CAE: Computer Aided Education CAP: Competitive Access Provider CAE: Computer-Aided Engineering CAP: Communication Application Platform CAE: Common Application Environment CAP: Central Arbitration Point CAE: Client Application Enabler CAP: CAPture CAEN: Chemically-Assembled Electronic File name extension Nanocomputer (Hardware) CAPD: Computing to Assist Persons with Disabilities CAEX: Computer Aided EXploration CAPE: Concurrent Art-to-Product CAG: Column Address Generator Environment

CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate CAPI: Common Application Programming Interface CAI: Computer Associates International (Communication) (CAI) CAPP: Computer Aided Process Planning CAI: Computer-Aided Instruction

Page 19 of 161 CAPS: CAPitalS CAU: Cable Access Unit Uppercase letters (Hardware) CAPS: CAssette Programming System CAU: Controlled Access Unit

CAQ: Computer Aided Quality CAV: Constant Angular Velocity (Hardware) CAR: Courtesy Amount Recognition CAVE: Computer-Assisted Virtual CARB: Central ARBiter Environment On Sun servers, a system of central arbiters (one CARB on the CAVERN: Computer-Assisted Virtual control board) and a board arbiter (BARB) (one on every C system board) determine which processor on which system Environment Research Network board controls the system bus at any given time. (Hardware) CAWE: Computer-Aided Web Engineering (Sun) CARCAS: Computer Aided aRchiving and CBC: Cipher Block Chaining Change Accounting System CBCR: Channel Byte Count Register CARL: Colorado Alliance of Research Libraries CBCS: Computer Based Conversation System CARP: Cache Array Routing Protocol (Microsoft) CBDO: Chief Business Development Officer CAS: Column Address Select CBDS: Connectionless Broadband Data Service CAS: Computerized Autodial System CBEMA: Computer and Business Equipment CAS: Computer Algebra System Manufacturers Association

CAS: Communication Applications CBGA: Ceramic Ball Grid Array Specification CBI: Computer Based Instruction CAS: Column-Address Strobe CBIOS: Compatibility Basic Input Output CAS: Computer-Aided Styling System

CASE: Computer-Aided Software CBL: Computer Based Learning Engineering CBL: CoBoL CASL: Crosstalk Application Scripting File name extension Language CBLT: Character BLock Transfer CASS: Computer Assisted Search Service CBM: Commodore Business Machines CASSIS: Classified and Search Support Company; among the first manufacturers (PET, Information System VIC20, C64, C128, Amiga) CAT: Computer-Aided Telephony CBMS: Computer-Based Mail System

CAT: Common Authentication Technology CBQ: Class-Based Queuing A public domain QoS methodology for classifying packets and CAT: Computer Aided Tomography queuing them according to criteria defined by an administrator to provide differential forwarding behavior for each traffic class CAT: Computer-Aided Testing (Network)

CAT: Computer Aided Transcription CBR: Constant Bit Rate A class of service defined by ATM. Multimedia streams—audio CAT: Computer-Assisted Training and video—are examples of CBR applications, since they send at a relatively steady data rate with constant bandwidth CAT: Computer Adaptive Test allocations (Network)

CAT: CATalog CBR: Case Based Reasoning File name extension CBT: Canon Buffer Transmission CAT: Central Alaska Time CBT: Computer Based Training Timezone: GMT -10:00 CAT: Central Alaska Time CBW: Convert Byte to Word Timezone: GMT -10:00 CBX: Computer-controlled Branch Exchange CATS: Computer Assisted Training System CC: Credit Card CATV: Community Antenna TeleVision (Hardware) CC: Cross Connector CATV: CC: Cluster Controller (Hardware) CC:: Carbon Copy

Page 20 of 161 CCA: Cardholder Certification Authority CCS: Common Command Set SCSI command set CCAF: Call Control Agent Function CCS: Common Communications Support CCC: Computer Control Center (IBM)

CCC: Chaos Computer Club CCS: Continuous Servo

CCC: Cordless Computer Connection CCS: Color Calibration System (Hardware) (IBM) CCS7: Common Channel signaling System 7 CCD: Charge Coupled Device (Hardware) CCSD: Cellular Circuit-Switched Data C CCF: Connection Control Function CCSID: Coded Character Set IDentification

CCF: Cold-Cathode Fluorescent CCT: Compuserve Communication Toolbox (Hardware) (CompuServe) CCFT: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Tube CCT: China Coast Time Timezone: GMT +8:00 CCI: Common Client Interface ccTLD: Country Code Top Level Domain CCIC: Committee on Computing, (Network) Information and Communications CCU: Cache Control Unit (Organizations) CCIE: Cisco Certified Internet Expert CD: Carrier Detect (Cisco) Serial port (Communication) CCIN: Coordinating Committee of CD: Collision Detect International Networks (Communication) CCIR: Comité Consultatif International de CD: Compact Disk la Radio (Hardware) A treaty organization, part of the International CD: Change Directory Union (ITU), responsible for obtaining international agreement on standards for radio and television CD: Color Display transmission and the international exchange of programs. CCIS: Common Channel Interoffice CD+G: Compact Disk Plus Graphics Signaling CD+MIDI: Compact Disk Plus Musical CCITT: Comité Consultatif International de Instruments Digital Interface Télégraphique et Téléphonique CD-DA: Compact Disk Digital Audio Now it's called ITU (Organizations) CCL: Console Command Language CD-E: Erasable (Hardware) CCL: Common Command Language CD-I: Compact Disk Interactive CCL: Connection Control Language (Hardware) CD-MO: Compact Disk Magneto Optical CCM: Change Configuration Management CD-PROM: Compact Disk Programmable CCM: Comprehensive Client Manager Read Only Memory CCNC: Common Channel Network Controller (Hardware) (Kodak) CD-R: Compact Disk Recordable CCNC: Computer/Communications Network (Hardware) Center CD-RDx: Compact Disk - Rom Data CCP: Command Console Processor eXchange CCP: Console Command Processor CD-ROM: Compact Disk Read Only Memory A form of storage characterized by high capacity (roughly 600 CCP: Certified Computing Professional megabytes) and the use of laser optics rather than magnetic means for reading data. (Hardware) CCR: Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery CD-RTOS: Compact Disk - Real Time An International Organization for Standardization's open Operating System systems interconnection (OSI) application service element used CD-RW: Compact Disk ReWriteable to create atomic operations across distributed systems. (Software) (Hardware) CCRMA: Center for Computer Research in CD-V: Compact Disk - Video Music and Acoustics CD-WO: Compact Disk - Write Once

Page 21 of 161 CD-XA: Compact Disk - eXtended CDS: Correlated Double Sampling Architecture Technology to clean the image signal during scanning (Hardware) CDA: Communications Decency Act CDS: Cell Directory Service CDA: Compound Document Architecture (DEC) CDS: Current CDA: Compact Disk Audio CDSA: Common Architecture Filename extension for CD audio tracks CDSL: Consumer Digital Subscriber Line CDBS: Connectionless Data Bearer Service C (Communication) CDBT: Compact Disk-Based Training CDT: Cambridge Display Technology

CDC: CDT: Center for Democracy and Technology (Organizations) CDDI: Copper Distributed Data Interface CDT: Corel Draw Template CDE: Cooperative Development File name extension Environment CDT: Central Daylight Time CDE: Common Desktop Environment Timezone: GMT -6:00 A graphical user interface running on UNIX. (Operating systems) CDV: Cell Delay Variation In an ATM network, the variation in cell delay through the CDE: Complex Data Entry network (Network) CDF: Channel Definition Format CDW: Computer Discount Warehouse Computer store CDF: Comma Delimited Format CDX: CompounD indeX File name extension File name extension (Microsoft) CDFS: Compact Disk File System CE: Compact Edition (Operating systems) CDIA: Certified Document Imaging Architect CE: Collision Elimination

CDID: Compact Designer CE: Chip Enable

CDIF: Case Data Interchange Format CE: Cache Enable

CDK: Control Development Kit CE: Convert Enable (Software) (Microsoft) CEA: Cisco Enterprise Accounting CDL: Computer Design Language (Cisco) CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access CEBIT: CEntrum Büro Information Telekommunikation CDMF: Commercial Data Masking Facility CEBUS: Consumer Electronics BUS (IBM) (Hardware) CDML: Claris Dynamic Markup Language CEG: Continuous Edge Graphics (Claris) CDO: Collaboration Data Objects CEI: Connection Endpoint Identifier

CDOS: Concurrent Disk Operating System CEI: Conducted Electromagnetic Interference CDP: Certificate in Data Processing CELP: Code Excited Linear Prediction One of the first certifications for computer professionals CDPD: Cellular Digital Packed Data CELP: Card Edge Low Profile (Communication) (Intel) CDR: Common Data Representation CEMA: Consumer Electroinics Manufacturers Association CDR: Call Detail Record (Organizations) CDRA: Character Data Representation CEMM: Compaq Expanded Memory Manager Architecture (Operating systems) (Compaq) (IBM) CEMS: Constituent Electronic Mail System CDRAM: Cache Dynamic Random Access Memory CENELEC: Comité Européen de Normalisation ELECtrotechnique (Hardware) CENTR: Council of European National Top CDRL: Contract Data Requirements List level domain Registries (Organizations)

Page 22 of 161 CEO: Chief Executive Officer CGE: Common Graphics Environment

CEOP: Conditional End Of Page CGI: Common Gateway Interface A common method for transferring information between a web CEPT: Conference of European Postal and server and a back-end application (Network) Telecommunications CGI: Computer Generated Images (Organizations) CER: Canonical Encoding Rules CGI: Computer Graphics Interface

CER: Cell Error Ratio CGM: Computer Graphics Metafile In an ATM network, ratio of errored cells to transmitted cells. File name extension C Measures the accuracy of cell transmission (Network) CGMS: Copy Generation Management CERFNET: California Educational and System Research Federation NETwork CGS: Continuous-Grain Silicon CERN: Centre Européen pour la Recherche (Hardware) Nucleaire CHAP: Challenge Handshake Authentication CERT: Computer Emergency Response Team Protocol (Organizations) A security tool offered in point-to-point protocol (PPP) based on encrypted password exchange. (Network) CES: Circuit Emulation Service CHAR: Character CES: Consumer Electronic Show CHAT: Conversational Hypertext Access CET: Central European Time Technology Timezone: GMT +1:00 CHCK: CHannel ChecK CF: Compact Flash Add-in expansion cards (Hardware) CHCP: CHange Code Page CFB: Cipher FeedBack CHDIR: CHange DIRectory

CFB: Configurable Function Block CHFN: CHange FiNger

CFB: Call Forward Busy CHGRP: CHange GRouP

CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics CHILL: Ccitt HIgh Level Language

CFD: Call For Discussion CHIPS: Clearinghouse Interbank Payments System CFG: name extension CHKDSK: CHecK DiSK CFM: ConFiguration Management : CHange MODe

CFM: Code Fragment Manager : CHange OWNer (Apple) CHP: CHaPter CFM: Cubic Feet Per Minute CHR: CHaRacter CFML: ColdFusion Markup Language (Allaire) CHRP: Common Hardware Reference CFO: Chief Financial Officer Platform CHS: Cylinder, , Sector CFQ: Class-based Fair Queuing (Network) CHTML: Compressed HyperText Markup CFR: Computerized Facial Recognition Language CI: Coded Information CFS: Common File System CI: Congestion Indication CFS: Caching File System CI: Component Interface CFV: Call For Votes CI/O: Comprehensive Input/ Output CG: Computer Generated Refers to Adaptec's RAID management software. (Hardware) (Adaptec) CG: Control Gate CIA: Current Instruction Address CG: Computer Graphics CIAC: Computer Incident Advisory CGA: Color Graphics Adapter Capability Video specification for a resolution of 320x200 pixels in 16 colors (Hardware) CIB: Computer Integrated Business

Page 23 of 161 CIC: Carrier Identification Code CIS: Card Information Structure

CIC: Coordination and Information Center CIS: Compressed Image Sequence The XIL library's compressors store (generally related) CICA: Center of Innovative Computer compressed video frames in structures called CIS buffers. The Applications images may represent frames in a movie, pages in a document, and so on. CICS: Customer Information Control System (IBM) CIS: Customer Information System CICS/VS: Customer Information Control CIS: Client Information System System / Virtual Storage C CIS: Computer Information Systems CID: Charge-Injection Device CISC: Complex Instruction Set Computer CID: Configuration, Installation, CPU architecture (Hardware) Distribution CIT: Court of International Trade CIDR: Classless Inter-Domain Routing (Organizations) (Network) CIT: Computer-Integrated Telephony CIE: Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage CIVIC: Cyclone Integrated Video Interfaces A standard means for specifying the color of an object or light Controller source in terms of (x,y) coordinates. CIVR: Computer and Interactive Voice CIF: Common Interchange Format Response CIF: Crystallographic Information File CIX: Commercial Internet eXchange File name extension CIX: Compulink Information eXchange CIF: Customer Information Feed CJK: Chinese, Japanese and Korean CIF: Common source Intermediate Format (Software) A video format in which frames are 360 pixels wide and 288 pixels high (one half of the CCIR 601 frame ). Each pixel CJLI: Command Job Language Interpreter has its own luminance value. CKD: Count Key Data CIFF: Camera Image FIle Format CKE: Commercial Key Escrow CIFS: Common Internet File System (Software) (Operating systems) (Microsoft) CKO: Chief Knowledge Officer CIL: Computer Integration Laboratories CL: ConnectionLess CIM: Cox Interactive Media (Communication) CIM: Common Information Model CLAR: Channel Local Address Register

CIM: Computer Integrated Manufacturing CLASS: Centralized Local Area Selective Signaling CIM: Compuserve Information Manager CLASS: CLient Access to Systems and CIO: Chief Services

CIOCS: Communication Input/Output CLASS: Cooperative Library Agency for Control System Systems and Services CIP: Computer Integrated Processing CLASS: Custom Local Area Signaling Services CIP: Commerce Interchange Pipeline CLC: CLear Carry flag (Microsoft) CIP: Common Indexing Protocol CLC: Color Laser Copier (Hardware) (Canon) CIP: Command Interface Port CLD: Clear Direction Flag

CIR: Committed Information Rate CLEC: Competitive Long Exchange Carrier A minimum access rate the service provider commits to A telephone company that competes with other local phone providing the customer (Network) companies within an exchange, or calling area, to provide local CIRC: Cross-Interleaved Reed-solomon telephone service (Communication) Code CLEI: Common Language Equipment CIS: Contact Image Sensor Identification Scanner device (Hardware) CLF: Common Log File CIS: Compuserve Information Service (Network) (CompuServe)

Page 24 of 161 CLGA: Ceramic Land Grid Array CLTP: ConnectionLess Transport Protocol (Hardware) Provides for end-to-end Transport data addressing (via Transport selector) and error control (via checksum), but cannot CLI: Command Line Interface guarantee delivery or provide flow control. CLI: Call Level Interface CLTS: Clear Task Switch Flag

CLI: Command Line Interpreter CLTV: Constant Linear Time Velocity

CLI: Clear Interrupt Flag CLUI: Command Line User Interface

CLI: Client Library Interface CLUT: Color LookUp Table The color options in a graphics system, arranged by index C CLIB: C LIBrary number. Typically, the system has a default color map. The index of colors in the color map can be reallocated, however, CLID: Calling Line IDentification depending on the application. CLIM: Common Lisp Interface Manager CLV: Constant Linear Velocity (Hardware) CLIPS: C Language Integrated Production CM: Communication Manager System (Communication) CLIST: Command LIST CM: Control Mark CLK: CLocK CM: Corrective Maintenance (Hardware) CLL: ConnectionLess Layer CM2: Communication Manager/2

CLLI: Common Language Location CMA: Concert Multi-thread Architecture Identification CMAK: Connection Manager Administration (Communication) Kit CLNAP: ConnectionLess Network Access (Microsoft) Protocol CMC: Common Messaging Call CLNP: ConnectionLess Network Protocol The International Organization for Standardization's open CMC: Common Mail Calls systems interconnection (OSI) protocol for providing the OSI Connectionless Network Service (datagram service). CLNP is CMC: Calypso Message Center the OSI equivalent to Internet IP, and is sometimes called ISO IP. CMC: Complement Carry Flag CLNS: ConnectionLess Network Service CMC: Communication Management Configuration CLO: Chief Learning Officer CMC: Computer-Mediated Communication CLOB: Character Large OBject (Databases) CMD: CoMmanD File name extension CLOS: Common Lisp Object System CMD: Circuit Mode Data CLP: Constraint Logic Programming CMF: Creative Music Format CLP: Cell Loss Priority In ATM cells, a bit that specifies whether a cell can be CMI: Connection Manager Interface discarded, if necessary; for example, if network congestion or policing occurs (Network) CMIP: Common Management Information Protocol CLP: CLiPboard The International Organization for Standardization's open File name extension systems interconnection (OSI) network management protocol. CLR: Cell Loss Ratio (Communication) In an ATM network, the ratio of lost ATM Cells to transmitted CMIS: Common Management Information cells; measures the percentage of cells lost between two points System in the network. Cell loss is typically caused by severe network congestion; it can also result from bit errors in the cell header CMISE: Common Management Information (Network) Service Element CLS: CLear Screen CML: Current Mode Logic

CLSID: CLaSs IDentifier CML: Chemical Markup Language

CLT: Cairo Local Time CML: Computer Managed Learning Timezone: GMT +2:00 CML: Conceptual Modelling Language

CMM: Capability Maturity Model

Page 25 of 161 CMMS: Computerized Maintenance CNE: Certified Netware Engineer Management Software CNF: CoNFiguration CMMU: Cache/Memory Management Unit File name extension CMOL: CMip Over Llc CNG: CalliNG

CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide CNI: Common Network Interface Semiconductor Semiconductor manufacturing technology (Hardware) CNI: Certified Novell Instructor (Novell) CMOT: CMip Over Tcp C An effort to use the International Organization for CNIDIR: Coalition for Networked Standardization's open systems interconnection (OSI) network Information DIRectories management protocol to manage TCP/IP networks. (Network) CNIDR: Clearinghouse for Network CMOV: Conditional Information and Discovery and Retrieval

CMP: Cooperative Marketing Partner CNM: Customer Network Management

CMP: Chip MultiProcessor CNM: Communications Network (Hardware) Management CMP: CoMPare CNMA: Communications Network for Manufacturing Applications CMPS: CoMPare word String CNMS: Cylink Network Management System

CMR: Common Mode Rejection CNMS: Compaq Netelligent Management CMR: Cell Mis-insertion Rate Software In an ATM network, the total number of misinserted cells (Compaq) observed during a specified time interval divided by the time CNN: Composite Network Node interval duration (Network) CMRR: Common Mode Rejection Ratio CNR: Carrier to Noise Ratio

CMS: Color Matching System CNS: Complimentary Network Service

CMS: Code Management System CNSS: Core Nodal Switching Subsystem

CMS: Compiler Monitor System CNT: CoNTents File name extension CMS: Conversational Monitor System CNV: CoNVentional

CMT: Connection ManagemenT CNVT: CoNVerT

CMU: Carnegie Mellon University CNX: Certified Network eXpert (Organizations) CMVC: Configuration Management Version CO: Connection Oriented Control (Communication) (IBM) CO: Central Office

CMW: Compartmented Mode Workstation CO: Command Output

CMY: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow CO: Convert Out The CMY color model subtracts percentages of cyan, magenta, and yellow to yield the desired colors. Subtracting 0 percent of COAST: Card On A STick all three colors results in white; subtracting 100 percent of all three colors results in black. (Hardware) COB: Connected Online Backup CMYK: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, blacK (Software) Color encoding scheme. The black provides deeper colors, COB: Chip-On-Board expecially full black, compared with the CMY color model. CNA: Communications Network Application COBOL: COmmon Business-Oriented Language CNA: Certified Netware Administrator Programming language (Software) (Novell) COCOT: Customer Owned Coin Operated CNAPS: Co-processing Node Architecture Telephone for Parallel Systems COD: Cash On Delivery CNB: Connected Network Backup On-line storage service CODASYL: Conference On DAta SYstem Languages CNC: Computerized Numerical Control (Organizations) CND: Caller Number Delivery

Page 26 of 161 CODCF: Central Office Data Connecting COP: Character-Oriented Protocol Facility COPA: Children Online Protection Act CODE: Client/server Open Development Environment COPICS: Communications Oriented CODEC: COder/DECoder Production Information and Control System (IBM) COE: Central Office Equipment COPS: Common Open Policy Service COE: Common Operating Environment An IETF proposed standard defining a simple protocol for provisioning QoS by outsourcing policy-based admission COEES: Central Office Equipment control over requests for network resources (Network) C Engineering System COR: Common Object Runtime COEM: Commercial Original Equipment (Operating systems) Manufacturer CORBA: Common Object Request Broker COFDM: Coded Orthogonal Frequency Architecture Division CoREN: COrporation for Research and (Communication) Enterprise Network COFF: Common Object File Format COS: Card Operating System (Operating systems) COG: Chip On Glass (Hardware) CoS: Class Of Service A category based on of user, type of application, or some COGO: COordinate GeOmetry other criteria that QoS systems can use to provide differentiated Programming Language classes of service (Network) COL: Computer Oriented Language COS: Camera Operating System (Operating systems) COL: COLlision COS: Compatible Operating System COLD: Computer Output to Laser Disk COS: Corporation for Open Systems COLT: Connection Optimized Link A vendor and user group for conformance testing, certification, Technology and promotion of International Organization for (Communication) Standardization's open systems interconnection (OSI) products. COM: COMmunication port COSE: Common Open Software Environment Serial port (Communication) COSE: Combined Office Standard COM: Component Object Model Environment

COM: Computer Output Microfilm COSINE: Cooperation for Open Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe COM: COMmand A program sponsored by the European Commission, aimed at File name extension using open systems interconnection (OSI) to tie together European research networks. COMDEX: COMputer Dealers EXposition COSMIC: COmputer Software Management : Compare and Information Center (NASA) COMSAT: corporation COSMOS: COmputer System for Mainframe OperationS COMTI: Component Object Model Transaction Integrator COSS: Common Object Services (Microsoft) Specification CON: Console COT: Central Office Terminal Usually include keyboard and screen COTS: Connection-Oriented Transport CONCERT: COmmunications for North Service Carolina Education, Research and COTS: Commercial Off-The-Shelf Technology CONS: Connection-Oriented Network COW: Computer On Wheels Service : Control Point CONTAC: Central Office NeTwork ACcess CP: Connection Processor COO: Chief Operating Officer (Hardware)

COO: Cost Of Ownership CP: Copy Protected

COOL: Cobol Object Orientated Language CP/M: Control Program for Microprocessors (Operating systems)

Page 27 of 161 CPA: Crown Print Auditor CPP: C Plus Plus (C++) (Hardware) (QMS) Object-oriented programming language based on C. Also, filename extension. (Software) CPA: Certified Public Accountant CPP: Corporate Preview Program CPAN: Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (Microsoft) CPC: Constant Point Calculation cps: Characters Per Second Printing engine speed CPCS: Common Part Convergence Sublayer CPS: Cycles Per Second CPCS: Check Processing Control System CPS: Certification Practice Statement C (IBM) (Verisign) CPD: Conseal Provate Desktop CPSI: Configurable PostScript Interpreter Personal firewall (Network) CPE: Customer Premises Equipment CPSR: Computer Professionals for Social (Hardware) Responsibility CPE: Customer Provided Equipment CPT: Command Pass Through

CPE: Cover Page Editor CPTWG: Copyright Protection Technical File name extension Working Group (Organizations) CPE: Central Processing Element CPU: Central Processing Unit CPEX: Customer Profile EXchange The part of the computer in which calculations and manipulations take place. (Hardware) CPG: Clock Pulse Generator CPW: Commercial Processing Workload CPH: Cost Per Hour (IBM)

CPI: Computer Private branch exchange CR: Carriage Return Interface Usually used as a control code or a terminator CPI: Common Part Indicator CR: Card Reader (Hardware) CPI: Code Page Information CR: Command Register File name extension (Microsoft) (Hardware) cpi: Characters Per Inch CR/LF: Carriage Return/Line Feed CPI: Common Programming Interface CRAM: Computerized Reliability Analysis (IBM) Method CPI: Clock Per Instruction (Software)

CPI-C: Common Programming Interface for CRAM: Challenge-Response Authentication Communications Mechanism (IBM) (Operating systems) CPIC: Common Programming Interface for CRAM: Card Random Access Memory Communications (Hardware) (IBM) CRAM: Cyberspatial Reality Advancement CPIO: CoPy In/Out Movement CRAS: Cable Repair Administrative System CPL: Conversational Programming Language CRAYON: CReAte Your Own Newspaper CPL: Combined Programming Language CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check CPL: An error check in which the check key is generated by a cyclic algorithm. (Communication) Control panel extension (Microsoft) CRCG: Center for Research in Computer CPL: Current Privilege Level Graphics CPLD: Complex Programmable Logic Device CRD: CaRDfile CPM: Cost Per Minute File name extension CREN: Computer Research Education CPM: Critical Method Network CPML: Call Policy Markup Language CREN: Corporation for Research and (Network) Education Networking CPN: Compuserve Packet Network CRF: Cross Reference File

Page 28 of 161 CRF: Cable Retransmission Facility CSDC: Circuit Switched Digital Capability

CRFVC: Connection Related Function Virtual CSDL: Consumer Digital Subscriber Line Channel (Communication) CRFVP: Connection Related Function Virtual CSDS: Circuit Switched Data Service Path CSE: Certified System Engineer CRI: Research, Inc. CSFI: Communication Subsystem For CRI: Color Reproduction Indices Interconnection CRIN: Centre de Recherche en CSG: Consulting Services Group C Informatique de Nancy (Lotus) CRISC: Complex-Reduced Instruction Set CSG: Constructive Solid Geometry Computer CSH: Complementary Software House CRISP: Complex-Reduced Instruction Set Processor CSH: C SHell CRL: Certificate Revocation List Unix shell CSI: Command Sequence Introducer CRM: Customer Relationship Management CSI: CompuServe Incorporated CROM: Control Read-Only Memory (Hardware) CSID: Calling Subscriber IDentification

CRP: Common Reference Platform CSIRO: Commonwealth Scientific and CRS: Cell Relay Service Industrial Research Organization CSL: Computer Sensitive Language CRS: Content Replication Service (Microsoft) CSLIP: Compressed Serial Line Interface CRT: Cathode Ray Tube Protocol The CRT operates by firing an electron beam that strikes the CSM: Communications Services Manager inside of the monitor's display surface, which is coated with phosphor. The phosphor glows briefly when excited by the CSM: Code Set Map beam. (Hardware) CSMA: Carrier Sense Multiple Access CRTC: Cathode Ray Tube Controller (Communication) (Hardware) CSMA/CA: Carrier Sense Multiple CRUD: Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete Access/Collision Avoidance CS: Chip Select (Communication) (Hardware) CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple CS: Code Segment Access/Collision Detect CPU register (Hardware) (Intel) The access method used by local area networking technologies such as . (Network) CS/SS: Card Service/Socket Service CSMS: Customer Support Management CS1: Capability Set 1 System CSN: Card-Select Number CSA: Calendaring and Scheduling Api (IBM) CSNET: Computer Science NETwork CSAPI: Common Speller Application Computer+Science Network. A large computer network, mostly Program Interface in the U.S. but with international connections. CSNET sites include universities, research labs, and some commercial CSAR: Channel System Address Register companies. Now merged with BITNET to form CREN.

CSC: Computer Sciences Corporation CSNW: Client Services for NetWare Company Name (Operating systems) (Microsoft) CSCC: Concurrent SuperComputing CSO: Central Services Organization Consortium CSP: Cross System Product CSCW: Computer Supported Cooperative (IBM) Work CSP: Chip-Scale Packaging CSD: Corrective Service Diskette (IBM) CSP: Cryptographic Service Provider CSD: Circuit-Switched Data CSP: Commercial Service Provider

CSD: Computer Services Department CSP: Certified Systems Professional

Page 29 of 161 CSP: Compucom Speed Protocol CTBS: Computer Telephony Business Solution CSP: Communicating Sequential Processes (Hardware) (IBM) CSP: Commercial Subroutine Package CTC: Channel To Channel

CSPDK: Cryptographic Service Provider CTC: Certified Testing Center Developer's Kit (Software) (Microsoft) CTCA: Channel To Channel Adapter CSPDN: Circuit Switched Public Data CTCP: Client-To-Client Protocol Network C CTD: Cell Transfer Delay CSPDU: Convergence Sublayer Protocol In an ATM network, measures the peak and mean delay that Data Unit cells experience while traveling from one point in the network to CSR: Certificate Signing Request another (Network) CTERM: Command TERMinal CSRAM: Custom Static Random Access Memory CTFT: Color Thin Film Transistor (Hardware) LCD manufacturing technology (Hardware) CSS: Continuous System Simulator CTI: Computer Telephony Integration (Microsoft) CSS: Computer Sub System CTL: Certificate Trust List CSS: Customizable Starter Site (Microsoft) CTO: Chief Technical Officer CSS: Cybermedia Support Server CTOS: Computerized Tomography Operating System CSS: Content Scrambling System Copy protection scheme used for example with (Digital CTOS: Convergent Technologies Operating Video Discs) System CSS: Cascading Style Sheet CTPA: Coax-to-Twisted-Pair Adapter

CSS: Contact Start-Stop CTR: Common Technical Regulations

CSS: Central Structure Store CTRCO: Calculating, Tabulating, Recording The CSS is an editable hierarchy of structures composed of COmpany elements, attributes, and transformations. CSS elements are The name of this company was changed to "International drawing primitives such as lines and polygons and CSS Business Machines" by Thomas J. Watson, Sr. attributes are qualities such as color and style. CTRL: ConTRoL CSS2: Cascading Style Sheet 2 CTS: Clear To Send CSSM: Client-Server Systems Management RS-232 signal (Communication) (IBM) CTS: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome CST: Central Standard Time Timezone: GMT -6:00 CTS: Computer Telephony Solution CSTA: Computer-Supported Telephony CTS: Component Transaction Server Applications CTS: Customer Telephone System CSTN: Color SuperTwist Nematic LCD display technology (Hardware) CTSS: Cray Time Sharing System CSTS: Computer Supported CTSS: Compatible Time Sharing System Telecommunications Standard CSU: Channel Service Unit CTT: Cartridge Tape Transport

CSUNET: California State University CTTC: Cartridge Tape Transport Controller NETwork CTW: Catch The Werb CSV: Comma-Separated Value Web organizer (Software) CSV: Common Services Verbs CTY: Console teleTYpe (Microsoft) CU: Control Unit CSV: Circuit-Switched Voice (Hardware)

CT: Computer Telephony CUA: Common User Application (Hardware) CUA: Common Used Acronym CTB: Communication ToolBox CUA: Common User Access CTB: Cipher Type Byte

Page 30 of 161 CUB: CUrsor Backward

CUD: CUrsor Down

CUE: Custom Updates and Extras

CUF: CUrsor Forward

CUG: Closed User Group (Network) CUI: Common User Interface (IBM) C CUI: Character-oriented User Interface

CUP: CUrsor Position

CUPID: Completely Universal Processor I/o Design (AST) CUR: CURsor File name extension CUSI: Configurable Unified Search Interface

CUSIP: Committee for Uniform Security Identification Procedures CUSP: Commonly Used System Program

CUT: Control Unit Terminal

CUTE: Clarkston University Terminal Emulator CUTS: Cassette User Tape System (Hardware) CUU: CUrsor Up

CVF: Compressed Volume File

CVGA: Color

CVIA: Industry Association

CVP: Content Vectoring Protocol

CVS: Computer Vision Syndrome

CVS: Concurrent Version System Tool for keeping programs sources under control (Software) CVT: ConVerT

CVW: CodeView for Windows

CW: Control Word

CWD: Convert Word to Double word

CWD: Change Working Directory

CWIS: Campus Wide Information System

CWIS: Community Wide Information System CXI: Common X-windows Interface cXML: Commerce eXtensible Markup Language CYL: CYLinder

CYMK: Cyan-Yellow-Magenta-Black Color model

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Page 32 of 161 D

D&D: Drag & Drop DAI: Distributed Artificial Intelligence

D&M: Design & Modeling DAL: Data Access Language

D-VHS: Home System DAL: Data Abstraction Layer

D/A: Digital/Analog DAL: Data Access Layer (Hardware) DAL: Disk Access Lockout D D/L: DownLoad DAM: Distributed Abstract Machine D/R: Direct/Reverse DAM: Direct Access Mode D/S: Dhrystone per Second DAM: Deferred Action Message D2C: Decimal To Character (Software) (Microsoft) (IBM) DAM: Distributed Associative Memory D2T2: Dye Diffusion Thermal Transfer (Hardware) Printing technology DAM: Data Acquisition and Monitoring D2X: Decimal To heXadecimal (IBM) DAMPS: Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System D3D: Direct 3D (Microsoft) DAMQAM: Dynamically Adaptive Multicarrier Quadrature Amplitude DA: Destination Address Modulation DA: Desk Accessory DAO: Disk-At-Once (Software) (Apple) CD recording technology (Hardware) DA: Data Administrator DAO: Data Access Object (Software) (Microsoft) DA: Differential Analyzer A computer that uses interconnected integrators to solve DAP: Directory Access Protocol differential equations. (Network) DAA: Digest Access Authentication DAP: Developer Assistance Program

DAA: Data Access Arrangement DAPIE: Developers Application Programming Interface Extensions DAA: Decimal Adjust for Addition DAQ: Data AcQuisition DAB: Digital Audio Broadcasting (Hardware) (Communication) DARI: Database Application Remote DAC: Discretionary Access Control Interface (IBM) DAC: Digital to Analog Converter An electronic device used to convert discrete digital numbers to DARMS: Digital Alternate Realization of continuous analog signals. In contrast with Analog-to-Digital Musical Symbols Converter (ADC). (Hardware) DARPA: Defense Advanced Research DAC: Dual Attachment Concentrator Projects Agency The U.S. government agency that funded the ARPANET. DAC: Data Acquisition and Control (Organizations) DACL: Discretionary Access Control List DART: Digital Audio Reconstruction (Operating systems) Technology DACS: Digital Access Control System DAS: Directory Assistance Service

DAD: Desktop Application Director DAS: Dynamic Allocation Scheme (Inprise) DAS: Data Acquisition System DAE: Digital Audio Extraction (Hardware) daemon: Disk And Execution MONitor DAS: Decimal Adjust for Subtraction (Operating systems) DAS: Dual-Attached Station DAF: Dynamic Authentication Filter DASD: Direct Access Storage Device

Page 33 of 161 DASP: Drive Active, Slave Present DBLIB: DataBase LIBrary (Databases) (Microsoft) DASS: Distributed Authentication Security Service DBM: DataBase Manager (Databases) DAT: Digital Audio Tape (Hardware) DBME: DataBase Managment Environment DAT: Disk Array Technology DBMS: DataBase Management System A software system facilitating the creation and maintenance of a DAT: DATa data base and the execution of programs using the data base. File name extension DBNL: Dial Backup Network Link DATEX: DATa EXchange (Network) D DAV: Distributed Authoring and Versioning DBO: DataBase Owner (Software) (Microsoft) (Databases) DAV: Data AVailable DBP: DataBase Publishing (Hardware) dBr: DeciBel Relative DAV: Digital Audio-Video Audio intensity measurement unit DAVIC: Digital Audio/VIdeo Council DBR: Dos Boot Record (Organizations) DBRAD: Data Base Relational Application DAVID: Digital Audio Video Interactive Directory Decoder DBRM: Data Base Request Module DAX: Developper Api eXtension DBS: Duplex Bus Selector dB: DeciBel Measurement unit DBS: Direct Broadcast Satellite (Communication) DB: DataBase (Databases) DBS: DataBase System (Databases) DB: Device Bay DBTG: DataBase Task Group DB: Data Buffer Subcommittee of CODASYL (Organizations) DB2: DataBase 2 DBV: Digital Broadcast Video (Databases) (IBM) DC: Data Collection DBA: DataBase Administrator (Databases) DC: Device Control dBA: DeciBel Adjusted DC: Data Communication (Communication) DBAC: DataBase Administration Center DC: Direct Current DBAS: DataBase Administration System DC: Data Compression DBB: Dynamic Bass Boost DC: Data Control DBC: Device Bay Controller DC: Device Context DBCC: DataBase Consistency Checks (Operating systems) (Databases) DC: Data Cartridge DBCLOB: Double-Byte Character Large (Hardware) OBject DC: Domain Controller (Databases) (Network) DBCS: Double-Byte Character Set DCA: Dynamic Cache Architecture DBCS: Delivery Bar Code Sorter DCA: Distributed Communication DBD: DataBase Driver Architecture (Databases) DCA: Document Content Architecture DBF: DataBase File Describes how a document is organized (tabulator, headers, File name extension footers, ...) so it appears the same on different systems DBI: DataBase Interface DCA: Defense Communications Agency (Databases) The government agency responsible for the defense data network (DDN). (Organizations) DBIS: Dun & Bradstreet Information DCA: Digital Communications Associates Services

Page 34 of 161 DCAF: Distributed Console Access Facility DCNA: Data Communication Network (IBM) Architecture DCAM: DCO: Digitally Controlled Oscillator (Hardware) (Hardware) DCAM: Direct Chip Attach Module DCOM: Distributed Component Object Model (Microsoft) DCB: Disk Coprocessor Board (Novell) DCS: Digital Cellular System DCB: Device Control Block DCS: Desktop Color Separation (Software) DCC: Direct Client Connection DCS: Distributed Control System DCC: Direct Cable Connection D (Hardware) DCS: Data Control System DCC: Digital Compact Cassette DCT: Display Compression Technology (Hardware) (Phillips) DCT: DiCTionary DCC: Data Country Code File name extension DCC: Digital Command Control DCT: Discrete Cosine Transform Mathematical function used by video encoders to achieve a DCC: Display Combination Code high compression ratio. (Software) DCCS: DisContiguous Shared Segments DCU: Data Cache Unit

DCD: Database Connector Descriptor DD: Data Dictionary (Databases) (Oracle) DD: Double Density DCD: Data Carrier Detect DD: Digital Display DCE: Distributed Computing Environment DDA: Distributed Data Access DCE: Data Circuit-terminating Equipment DDA: Domain-Defined Attribute DCE: Data Communication Equipment A type of hardware, such as a modem, that is responsible for DDA: Digital Differential Analyzer encoding a digital signal for delivery to a compatible DCE A differential analyzer (DA) that uses digital representations for connected by a data link. In contrast with Data Terminal analog quantities. Equipment (DTE) (Communication) DDB: Device Dependent Bitmap DCED: Distributed Computing Environment Daemon DDB: Device Descriptor Block DCF: Data Communication Facility DDBMS: Distributed DataBase Management (IBM) System DCF: Data Count Field (Databases) (IBM) DDC: Digital Data Channel

DCF: Driver Configuration File DDC: Display Data Channel (Lotus) DCF: Data Compression Facility DDCMP: Digital Data Communications Message Protocol DCI: Data Capture Interface (DEC)

DCI: Display Control Interface DDCS: Distributed Data Connection Services (IBM) DCL: DeCLaration DDD: Direct Distance Dialing

DCL: Digital Control Logic DDE: Dynamic Data Exchange DCL: Digital Command Language Interprocess communication mechanism (Software) (Microsoft) (DEC) DDE: Direct Data Entry

DCL: Data Control Language DDEML: Dynamic Data Exchange Manager DCL: Device CLear Library (Microsoft) DCLU: Digital Carrier Line Unit DDF: Dynamic Data Formatting DCLZ: Data Compression Lempel-Ziv (IBM)

DCM: Digital Carrier Module

Page 35 of 161 DDI: Device Driver Interface DEC: DECrement An interface that facilitates driver portability across different UNIX system versions on SPARC hardware. (Operating DECNET: Digital Equipment Corporation systems) (Sun) NETworking DDI: Digital Document Interchange Network protocol DECT: Digital European Cordless DDI: Direct Dial In Telecommunication DDK: Driver Development Kit (Communication) (Software) DECUS: Digital Equipment Corporation Users Society DDL: Document Description Language DEF: Desktop Functional Equivalent DDL: Data Definition Language D DEK: Data Encryption Key DDM: Distributed Data Management (IBM) : DELete

DDMA: Distributed Direct Access Memory DELNI: Digital Ethernet Local Network Interconnect DDN: Defense Data Network Comprises the MILNET and several other Department of DELQA: Digital Ethernet Lowpower Q-bus Defense networks. (Network) network Adapter DDNS: Dynamic Domain Name System DELSTR: DELete STRing (Network) (IBM) DDoS: Distributed Denial Of Service DELTA: Developing European Learning (Network) through Technology Advance DDP: Distributed Data Processing DELUA: Digital Ethernet Lowpower network Adapter DDP: Datagram Delivery Protocol DELUG: DEutsche Linux User Group DDR: Dynamic Desktop Router DEMARC: Distributed Enterprise DDR: Dynamic Document Review Managemant ARChitecture (Software) (Symantec) DEMPR: Digital Ethernet Multi-Port Repeater DDR: Double Data Rate (Hardware) DEN: Document Enabled Networking (Novell) DDS: Distributed Directory Service DEN: Directory Enabled Networking DDS: Digital Dataphone Service The DEN Initiative (see www.dtmf.org) is an effort to build (AT&T) intelligent networks and networked applications that can associate users and applications to services available from the DDS: network according to a consistent and rational set of policies (Network) DDS: Distributed Database Services DENIM: Directory Enabled Net DDS: Design Data Sheet Infrastructure Model (Network) (Novell) DDS: Data Description Specification DEPCA: Digital Ethernet Personal Computer- DDSA: Digital Data Service Adapter bus Adapter

DDT: Dynamic Debugging Tool DEQNA: Digital Ethernet Q-bus Network Adapter DDWG: Digital Display Working Group DER: Distinguished Encoding Rules (Organizations) DDX: Digital Data eXchange DEREP: Digital Ethernet REPeater

DE: Device End DES: Data Encryption Standard A commonly used algorithm developed by the U.S. National DEA: Data Encryption Algorithm Bureau of Standards for encrypting and decrypting data. DES: Data Entry Sheet DEB: Digital European Backbone (Network) DES: DEScription DEBI: Dma Extended Bus Interface Ffile name extension (Hardware) DES: Domino Extended Search DEC: DEvice Clear (IBM) DESC: Defense Electronics Supply Center DEC: Digital Equipment Corporation

Page 36 of 161 DESPR: Digital Ethernet Single Port DGA: Direct Graphics Access Repeater A method of arbitrating access to the display between and X11/NeWS server. This allows XGL to talk directly to the frame DESTA: Digital Ethernet thin-wire STation buffer, which results in maximum performance. Adapter DGC: Distributed Garbage Collection DET: Device Execute Trigger (Software) DEUNA: Digital Ethernet Unibus Network DGIS: Direct Graphics Interface Standard Adapter DGP: Dissimilar Gateway Protocol DEV: DEVice DGR: Dynamic Growth and Reconfiguration DF: Double Flag (Artecon) DF: Device Flag DGUX: Data General UniX D

DF: Destination Field DH: Diffie-Hellman SSL key exchange method DF: Data Field DHCF: Distributed Host Command Facility DFC: Data Flow Control DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DFD: Data Flow Diagram A system that assigns different IP addresses to devices each time they connect to the network. DHCP can support a mix of DFDR: Digital Flight Data Recorder static and dynamic IP addresses (Network) (Hardware) DHL: Dynamic Head Loading DFDSM: Data Facility Distributed Storage Management DHP: Dr. Halo Picture File name extension DFE: Desktop Functional Equivalent (Compaq) DHTML: Dynamic HyperText Markup Language DfE: Designed For Environment DI: Destination Index DFI: Digital Facility Interface Processor register (Hardware) (Intel) DFM: Design For Manufacturability DI: Data In (IBM) DIA: Document Interchange Architecture DFN: Deutsches ForschungsNetz DIANE: DIrect Access Network for Europe DFP: Data Facility Product DIB: Dual Independent Bus DFP: Distributed Functional Plane (Hardware) DFP: Digital Flat Panel DIB: Device Independent Bitmap (Hardware) File format for raster bitmaps (Microsoft) DFPI: Digital Flat Panel Initiative DIB: Directory Information Base

DFR: Double Frequency Recording DIBOL: DIgital Business Oriented Language (Hardware) DIC: Digital Interface Controller DFS: Direct File System DIC: DICtionary DFS: Distributed File name extension (Operating systems) DICE: Dynamic Internet Configuration DFS: Domino Fax Server Environment (Software) (Lotus) DID: Direct Inward Dialing DFSMS: Data Facility Storage Management System DIDS: Distributed Intrusion Detection (IBM) System DFT: Design For Testability DIF: Data Interchange Format

DFT: Distributed Function Terminal DIFMOS: Double Injection Floating gate Metal Oxyde Semiconductor DFT: Discrete Fourier Transform DIG: Disney's Internet Guide DFT: Diagnostic Function Test (Network) DII: Dynamic Invocation Interface DFU: Data File Utility DIIP: Direct Interrupt Identification Port

Page 37 of 161 DIL: Dual In Line DL: DownLoad Pin organization in ICs (Hardware) DL/1: Data Language/1 DIME: Desktop Integrated Media Environment DL/1: Data Language 1 DIME: Dual Independent Map Encoding (IBM) DLC: Data Link Control DIME: DIrect Memory Execute (Hardware) DLC: Digital Loop Carrier DIMM: Dual In line Memory Module (Hardware) (Hardware) DLCI: Data Link Connection Identifier

DIN: Deutsche Industrie Norm DLD: Display List Driver D German standards organization (Organizations) DLE: Data Link Escape DIO: Data Input-Output

DIP: Dual In line Pin DLL: Dynamic Link Loader Refers to the physical geometry of an integrated circuit or other DLL: Dynamic Link Library electronic package; rectangular, with pins on the two longer (Software) (Microsoft) sides. (Hardware) DIP: Dialup Internet Protocol DLM: Distributed Lock Manager

DIP: Digital Imaging Processing DLM: Dynamic Link Module

DIR: DIRectory DLP: Discrete Logarithmic Problem

DIS: Draft International Standard DLP: Digital Light Processing

DIS: Dynamic Impedance Stabilization DLPI: Data Link Provider Interface (Network) DISA: Data Interchange Standards DLPI: Data Link Provider Interface Association The SVR4 STREAMS-based kernel-level interface that DISA: Direct Inward System Access supports the services of the Data Link Layer for both connection-mode and connectionless-mode services. (Network) DISM: Digital Interface Standards for DLR: Dynamic Link Routine Monitors (Software) (Hardware) DLR: Dos Lan Requester DISOSS: DIStributed Office Support System (IBM) DLS: DownLoadable Sample

DISP: Dutch Independent Shareware DLS: Data Link Switching Programmer (IBM) DISP: DISPlacement DLSW: Data Link SWitching

DISP: Domino Internet Starter Pack DLT: (IBM) (Hardware) DIT: Directory Information Tree DLZ: Digital Lempel-Ziv DIU: Digital Interface Unit Compression algorithm DM: Delta Modulation DIV: DIVide DM: Disconnect Mode DIVE: Direct Interface Video Extension (IBM) DM: Desktop Management

Divx: DIgital Video eXpress DM: Document Management (Hardware) DIW: D-Inside Wire DM: Distributed Memory (AT&T) DMA: DIX: Dec, Intel, Xerox The transfer of data directly into memory without supervision of the processor. The data is passed on the bus directly between DIZ: Description In Zip the memory and another device. In contrast with Direct Virtual File name extension Memory Access (DVMA). (Hardware) DKI: Driver Kernel Interface DMA: Document Management Alliance An interface between the UNIX system kernel and different DMA: Dimensional Media Associates types of drivers. DKI consists of a set of driver-defined functions that are called by the kernel. These functions are entry points DMAC: Direct Memory Access Controller into a driver. (Operating systems) (Hardware)

Page 38 of 161 DMACS: Distributed Manufacturing DMSCMS: Display Management System Automation & Control Software DMSD: Digital MultiStandard Decoding DMAPI: Dictation Macro Application Programming Interface DMSS: Distributed System (Software) DMT: Discrete MultiTone DMC: Desktop Multimedia Conferencing DMTF: Desktop Management Task Force DMD: Device Manager Driver (Organizations) DMD: Directory Management Domain DMU: Data Manipulation Unit

DMD: Digital Micromirror Device DMVT: Dynamic Video Memory Technology (Hardware) (TI) (Hardware) (Intel) D DMDF: Distributed Management Data DMY: Day Month Year Facility DMZ: De-Militarized Zone DME: Direct Memory Execution LAN segment between two firewalls (Network) DME: Distributed Management Environment DN: DowN

DME: Dictionary Module Editor DN: Distinguished Name (CAI) (Operating systems) DMF: Digest Message Format DNA: Digital Network Architecture (DEC) DMF: Distribution Media Format (Microsoft) DNA: Distributed interNet Application (Microsoft) DMI: Definition of Management Information DNAfs: Distributed interNet Application for DMI: Digital Multiplexed Interface Financial Services (Microsoft) DMI: Desktop Management Interface DNC: Dynamic Network Controller DMK: Dynamic Management Kit (Sun) DNC: Direct Numerical Control DML: Data Manipulation Language DNCP: DecNet Control Protocol (Databases) DNCRI: Division of Networking and DMM: Digital MultiMeter Communication Research and (Hardware) Infrastructure DMMS: Dynamic Memory Management DNHR: Dynamic Non Hierarchical Routing System DMO: Distributed Management Object DNI: Decnet Network Interface This OLE server exposes representations of SQL Server DNIC: Data Network Identification Code database objects (tables, stored procedures, server properties, and so on), many of which are usually modified through DNIS: Dialed Number Identification Service Transact-SQL (Databases) (Microsoft) DMOS: Double-diffused Metal Oxide DNJ: Developer Network Journal Semiconductor (Microsoft) (Hardware) DNS: Domain Name System DMP: Matrix Printer The process that translates Internet domain names (such as www.acronyms.ch) into IP addresses (Network) DMPC: Distributed Memory Parallel DNS: Digital Nervous System Computer (Microsoft) DMPP: Distributed Memory Parallel DO: Distributed Objects Processor (Operating systems) DMQS: Display Mode Query and Set DO: Data Out (IBM) DMS: Digital Multiplexed System DO-IT: Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking and Technology DMS: Distributed Media Services DOC: Declaration Of Conformity

DMS: Document Management System DOC: DOCument DMS: Desktop Management Suite File name extensions (Seagate) DOCSIS: Data Over Cable Service Internet DMS: Data Management Software Specification

Page 39 of 161 DOCSV: Data Over Circuit-Switched Voice DPKT: Dynamic Public Key Technology

DOD: Direct Outward Dialing DPL: Distributed Program Link (Communication) (IBM) DOD: Department Of Defense DPL: Descriptor Privilege Level (Organizations) DPM: Defects Per Million DOE: Department Of Energy (Organizations) DPM: Demand Planning Module (Software) DOE: Distributed Objects Everywhere (Operating systems) (Sun) DPM: Digital Panel Meter DOIP: Dial Other Internet Providers (Hardware) D (IBM) DPMA: Data Processing Management Association DOIT: Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking and Technology (Organizations) DPMI: Dos Protected Mode Interface DOJ: Department Of Justice (Operating systems) (Organizations) DPMS: Dos Protected Mode Services DOLAP: Desktop OnLine Analytical Processing DPMS: Display Power Management DOM: Document Object Model Signaling (Hardware) DOMAIN: Distributed Operating Multi Access Interactive Network DPNPH: Data Packet Network-Packet Handler DOMF: Distributed Object Management Facility DPO: Data Phase Optimization (HP) DPOF: Digital Print Order Format DOOM: Decentralised Object Orientated Machine DPP: Distributed Parallel Processing DOS: Disk Operating System DPROP: Data PROPagator (IBM) DoS: Denial Of Service DPS: Display PostScript (Network) DOSEM: Disk Operating System EMulation DPS: Document Processing System

DOV: Data Over Voice DPSK: Differential Phase Shift Keying (Communication) (Communication) DOW: Direct OverWrite DPST: Double Pole Single Throw

DOW: Day Of Week DPT: Distributed Processing Technology (DPT) DP: Detection Point DPtoTP: Display Coordinates TO Tablet DP: Data Processing Coordinates Coordinates conversion DPA: Demand Protocol Architecture DQDB: Distributed Queue Dual Bus (3Com) DPA: Document Printing Architecture DQL: Data Query Language

DPAM: Demand Priority Access Method DR: Data Received

DPAREN: Data PARity ENable DR-DOS: Digital Research Disk Operating System DPB: Drive Parameter Block DR.BOND: Dial-up Router Bandwidth ON DPC: Direct Program Control Demand (NEC) DPDT: Double Pole Double Throw DRAC: Dell Remote Assistant Card DPE: Distributed Processing Environment (Hardware) (Dell)

DPI: Digital Phone Interface DRAM: Dynamic Random Access Memory A type of semiconductor random-access memory that stores dpi: Dots Per Inch information in integrated circuits that contain capacitors. Because capacitors lose their charge over time, the dynamic Resolution Measurement RAM must be periodically "refreshed" or recharged. (Hardware) DPI: Distributed Protocol Interface DRAW: Direct Read After Write

Page 40 of 161 DRB: Dram Row Boundary DS: Data Strobe (Hardware) DRC: Design Rule Checks DS: Data Server DRD: Data Reading Device DS: Directory Service DRD: Digital Ruggedized Display (Network) (Hardware) DS: Digital Science DRDA: Distributed Relational Database (Hardware) (Kodak) Architecture DS: Double-Sided (Databases) (IBM) (Hardware) DRDAAS: Distributed Relational Database DS: Differentiated Service Architecture Application Server A IETF standard for a small, well-defined set of per-packet D DRDRAM: Direct Rambus Dynamic Random building blocks from which a variety of services may be built, Access Memory thereby providing a framework for delivering quality of service (QoS) in networks (Network) (Hardware) DRDW: Direct Read During Write DS: Direct-Sequence IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN access method (Communication) DREN: Defense Research and Engineering DS/PPM: Direct Sequence/Pulse Position Network Modulation (Network) (Hardware) DRI: Defense Research Internet DS3D: DirectSound 3D DRI: Declarative Referential Integrity (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Databases) DSA: Digital Storage Architecture

DRI: Digital Research Incorporated DSA: Dynamic Scalable Architecture

DRM: Destination Release Mechanism DSA: Distributed Systems Architecture

DRM: Digital Rights Management DSA: Directory System Agent Copy-protection scheme The software that provides the X.500 directory service for a DRM: Distributed Resource Management portion of the directory information base. Generally, each DSA is responsible for the directory information for a single DRMU: Digital Remote Measurement Unit organization or organizational unit. DSA: Digital Signature Algorithm DRO: Data Request Output DSAP: Destination Service Access Point DRO: Destructive Read-Out DSAV: Dr. Solomon's Anti Virus DRP: Decnet Routing Protocol (Software) DRS: Driver ReSource DSBAM: Double-SideBand Amplitude Module File name extension DSBM: Designated Subnet Bandwidth DRS: Document Registration System Manager DRV: device DRiVer A device on a managed subnetwork that acts as the Subnet Bandwidth Manager for the subnetwork to which it is attached File name extension (Network) DRV: DRiVe DSC: Document Structuring Convention

DRW: Drawing DSC: Digital Still Camera File name extensions (Hardware) DS: Digital Services DSC: Document Structuring Conventions DS: Distribution Services DSD: Data Structure Diagram

DS: Digital Signal DSD: Data Stream Direct

DS: Data Send DSDD: Double Sided, Double Density DS: Digital Studio DSDM: Drop Site Database Manager () A process (not the sending client) responsible for maintaining a DS: Database Server registry or database of potential drop sites for drag and drop (Databases) operations. DS: Data Segment DSE: Data Storage Equipment CPU register (Hardware) (Intel) DSEA: Display Station Emulation Adapter

Page 41 of 161 DSHD: Double Sided, High Density DSS: Distributed Security Service

DSI: Defense Simulation Internet DSS: Digital Signature Standard

DSIMM: Dual Single Inline Memory Module DSS: Decision Support System

DSIS: Distributed Support Information DSS: Direct Station Selector Standard (Hardware) DSL: Distributed Service Logic DSSI: Digital Standard Systems Interconnect DSL: Dialogue Scripting Language (DEC) DSL: Digital Subscriber Line DSSLL: Differentiated Services over D (Communication) Specific Link Layers DSL: Dynamic Simulation Language A system for mapping between Differentiated Services and other bandwidth-management protocols such as 802.1p and DSL2: Downloadable Sounds Level 2 ATM (Network) (Hardware) DSSS: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access (Communication) Multiplexer DSSSL: Document Style Semantic and (Hardware) Specification Language DSM: Directory Service Migration DST: Daylight Saving Time

DSM: Distributed Shared Memory DSTN: Double-layer SuperTwist Nematic LCD display technology (Hardware) DSM: Discrete Sequence Modulation DSU: Digital Service Unit DSM-CC: Digital Storage Media - Command and Control DSU: Data Service Unit DSMA: Digital Sense Multiple Access DSVD: Digital Simultaneous Voice and Data (Communication) DSN: Developer Support News DSW: Device Status Word DSN: Distributed Systems Network DSW: Data Status Word DSN: Delivery Service Notification DSX: Digital Signals Cross-connect DSN: Data Source Name (Databases) DTA: Direct Tape Access (Seagate) DSO: Data Source Object (Databases) DTA: Disk Transfer Area DSO: Dynamic Shared Object DTAP: Direct Transfer Application Part (Software) DTB: Data Transfer Bus DSOM: Distributed System Object Model Part of the VMEbus specification that contains data and (Operating systems) (IBM) address pathways and associated control signals. Functional DSP: Document Services for Printing modules called DTB masters and DTB slaves use the DTB to transfer data between each other. (Hardware) DSP: Digital Signal Processor DTC: Distributed Transactions Coordinator A computer oriented toward math-intensive applications, often a (Databases) (Microsoft) single chip or small chip set. (Hardware) DTC: Design-Time Control (or Component) DSP: Domain-Specific Part (Software) (Network) DTC: DeskTop Conferencing DSP: Directory Synchronization Protocol (Lotus) DTCP: Digital Transmission Content Protection DSPT: Display Station Pass-Thru (IBM) DTD: Document Type Definition

DSQD: Double Sided, Quad Density DTE: Data Terminal Equipment That part of a data station that serves as a data source, data DSR: Data Set Ready sink, or both, and provides for the data communication control Serial port signal (Communication) function according to protocols. In contrast with Data DSR: Device Status Register Communication Equipment (DCE). (Communication) DTE: Dumb Terminal Emulator DSR: Device Status Report DTF: Distributed Test Facility DSRI: Digital Standard Relational Interface

Page 42 of 161 DTL: Diode Transistor Logic DVC: Desktop Video Conferencing Semiconductor manufacturing technology (Hardware) DVD: Deutsche Vereinigung für Datenschutz DTL: Dialogue Tag Language (IBM) DVD: Digital Video (or Versatile) Disk DTLB: Dual Translation Lookaside Buffer (Hardware) DVD+RW: Digital VIdeo (or Versatile) Disk DTM: Distributed Transaction Monitor Read Write DTM: Digital Terrain Mapping A DVD unofficial specification competing with DVD RAM (Hardware) DTMF: Dual Tone MultiFrequency DVD-MMVFF: Digital Versatile Disc MultiMedia Video File Format DTMS: Data Transformation Management System DVD-R: Digital Video Disk-Recordable D DTO: Day-Time Organizer DVD-RAM: Digital Versatile Disk - Random (Software) Access Memory DTP: Distributed Transaction Processing A read-write DVD (Hardware) DVD-ROM: Digital Versatile Disk - Read DTP: DeskTop Publishing Only Memory DTR: Dedicated Token Ring A read only DVD (Hardware) (Network) DVE: Digital Video Effect

DTR: DeskTop Reproduction DVI: Diagonal Viewable Image DTR: Data Transfer Rate (Hardware) DVI: Digital Video Interface DTR: Data Terminal Ready Specification to interface digital flat panels with host PCs Serial port signal (Communication) DVI: Digital Video Interactive DTS: Digital Theater Surround DVI: DeVice Independent DTS: Distributed Time Service File name extension DTS: Data Transformation Service DVI-I: Digital Video Interface-Integrated (Databases) (Hardware) DTSS: Dartmouth Time Sharing System DVI-V: Digital Video Interface-Vga (Hardware) DTU: Demand Transmission Unit DVL: Digital Video Link DTV: (Hardware) DVM: Digital Volt Meter (Hardware) DTV: DeskTop Video DVMA: Direct Virtual Memory Access DTVC: DeskTop Video Conferencing A mechanism to enable a device on the SBus to initiate data transfers between it and other SBus : Disk Usage devices, such as system memory. Contrast with Direct Memory Access (DMA). (Hardware) DUA: Directory User Agent The software that accesses the X.500 directory service on DVMRP: Distance Vector Multicast Routing behalf of the directory user. The directory user may be a person Protocol or another software element. (Communication) DUAT: Direct User Access Terminal DVR: Digital Video Recorder (Hardware) DUN: Dial-Up Networking (Network) DVR: device DriVeR File name extension DUNCE: Dial Up Network Connection Enhancement DVX: Digital Voice eXchange (Network) DW: Data Warehouse DUT: Device Under Test (Databases)

DUW: Distributed Unit of Work DW: Display Write (IBM) Word Processor (Software) (IBM) DV: Digital Video DWDM: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer DVB: Digital Video Broadcasting DWG: DraWinG (Communication) File name extension DVC: Digital Video Camera : Diskless Workstation Management (Hardware)

Page 43 of 161 DWMT: Discrete Wavelet MultiTone

DX: DirectX (Operating systems) (Microsoft) DXB: Drawing eXchange Binary File name extension (Autodesk) DXC: Data eXchange Control

DXF: Drawing Exchange Format File name extension DXI: Data Exchange Interface

D Dxr: Dynamic eXtended Resolution (Hardware) (Creative Labs) DXTC: DirectX Texture COmpression (Microsoft)

Page 44 of 161 E

E-ADT: Extended Abstract Data Type EASI: Enhanced Asynchronous Scsi (Software) Interface E-FORM: Electronic FORM EAST: East Australian Standard Time Timezone: GMT +10:00 E-MAIL: Electronic MAIL EATA: Enhanced Advanced Technology bus E-ZINE: Electronic magaZINE Attachment EAX: Environmental Audio eXtensions E2E: End-To-End (Hardware) (Creative Labs) The ability of a network to deliver service needed by a specific network application from end-to-end, with the ability to provide EB: ExaByte E both class of service and reserved bandwidth for different types 2 power 18 bytes of network traffic (Network) EBC: Eisa Bus Controller EA: Escrowed Authenticator EBCDIC: Extended Binary Coded Decimal EA: Extended Attribute Interchange Code (IBM) Charachter encoding scheme (IBM) EA: Effective Address EBCT: Electron Beam Computed EAB: Enterprise Application Builder Tomography (Software) EBI: External Bus Interface EADAS: Engineering and Administrative (Hardware) Data Acquisition System EBI: Extended Background Investigation EADASNM: Engineering and Administrative EBI: Equivalent Background Input Data Acquisition System Network Management EBNF: Extended Backus-Naur Form EADT: East Australian Daylight Time EBROM: Electronic Book Read Only Memory Timezone: GMT +10:00 EAGLES: Expert Advisory Group on EBT: Electronic Benefits Transfer Language Engineering Standards EC: European Community EAI: Enterprise Application Integration EC: Electronic Commerce EAM: Evanescent Access Method EC: Error Control EAN: European Article Number Bar code standards family ECAF: European Certification Authority Forum EAP: Early Adopter Program ECAL: Enjoy Computing And Learn EAPI: Extended Application Programming Interface ECAT: Electronic Card Assembly and Test (Software) (IBM) EAR: External Access Register ECB: Event Control Block A data structure used to control sending and receiving of EARN: European Academic Research packets in a Novell Network (Operating systems) (Novell) Network ECB: Electronic CodeBook A network using BITNET technology connecting universities and research labs in Europe. (Network) ECC: Electrical Connectivity Checks EAROM: Electrically Alterable Read Only ECC: Error Correction Code Memory (Hardware) ECC: Error Checking and Correction EARS: Electronic Authoring and Routing The detection, in the processing unit, and correction of all single- System bit errors, plus the detection of double-bit and some multiple-bit errors. (DEC) ECC: Elliptic Curve Cryptography EARS: Electronic Access to Reference Services ECD: Enhanced Color Display EARS: Explicit Archive and Retrieval System ECD: Enhanced Compact Disk EAS: Enterprise Access Server ECF: Enhanced Connectivity Facilities

Page 45 of 161 : European Commission Host EDA: Electronic Design Automation Organization EDAC: Electromechanical Digital Adapter ECHT: European Conference on Hypermedia Circuit Technology EDB: Embedded DataBase ECI: External Call Interface (IBM) EDC: Error Detection Code

ECL: EClectic Language EDC: Easy Data Communication ECL: Emitter Coupled Logic (Communication) Semiconductor manufacturing technology (Hardware) EDC: Error Detection and Correction

ECM: Entity Coordination Management EDC: Electronic Digital Computer

ECM: Error-Correction Mode EDC: Enhanced Data Correction

E ECM: Electronic Control Module EDDC: Extended Distance Data Cable

ECM: Electronic Counter Measures EDE: Encrypt-Decrypt-Encrypt (Hardware) EDGAR: Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis ECMA: European Computer Manufacturing and Retrieval Association (Organizations) EDI: Electronic Data Interchange

ECML: Electronic Commerce Modeling EDI: Electronic Document Interchange Language (DEC) ECMP: Equal Cost Multipath Protocol EDID: Extended Display Identification Data (Network) (Hardware) ECN: European Counter Network EDIF: Electronic Design Interchange Format ECN: Explicit Congestion Notification A standard file format for exchanging CAD data. (Network) EDIFACT: Electronic Data Interchange For Administration Commerce and Transport ECNE: Enterprise Certified Netware Engineer EDIT: Emulsion Direct Imaging Technology (Novell) (Hardware) ECOM: Electronic Computer Originated Mail EDL: Edit Decision List

ECOOP: European Conference on Object EDLC: Ethernet Data Link Control Orientated Programming EDM: Electronic Document Management ECP: Enhanced Communication Protocol EDM: Engineering Data Management ECP: Extended Capabilities Port (Hardware) EDMS: Electronic Document Management System ECPA: Electronic Communication Act EDO: Extended Data Output ECR: Enterprise Customer Resource Mmeory Manufacturing technology (Hardware) ECS: Enterprise Control Station EDOS: Enhanced Disk Operating System

ECS: Event Communication Service EDP: Electronic Data Processing

ECS: Enhanced Chip Set EDP: Extended Dos Partition (Operating systems) (Microsoft) ECSA: Exchange Carriers Standards Association EDPM: Electronic Data Processing Machine ECTL: Electronic Communal Temporal Lobe EDPS: Electronic Data Processing System

ECU: Eisa Configuration Utility EDR: External Developer Release

ED: End Delimiter EDRAM: Extended Dynamic Random Access Memory ED: Enhanced Density EDS: Electronic Data Systems ED: Extra-high Density 2.88 MB (Hardware) EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer ED: Erase Display EDSI: Enhanced Small Device Interface EDA: Embedded Document Architecture

Page 46 of 161 EDSRA: Earth Data System Reference EFT: Euro FileTransfer Application EFT: Electronic Funds Transfer EDT: Eastern Daylight Time Timezone: GMT -5:00 EFTPoS: Point Of SaleElectronic Funds EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable Transfer at Point Of Sale Automatic Computer EFTS: Electronic Funds Transfer System First stored-program digital computer EGA: Enhanced Graphics Adapter EDW: Enterprise Data Warehouse Video specification for a resolution of 640x350 pixels in 16 colors (Hardware) EE: Extended Edition (IBM) EGP: Exterior Gateway Protocol A reachability routing protocol used by gateways in a two-level EEC: Extended Error Correction internet. EGP is used in the Internet core system. (Network) EEG: ElectroEncephaloGram EGREP: Extended Global Regular Expression Print E EEI: Equipment to Equipment Interface EGS: Enhanced Graphics System EEL: Epsilon Extension Language EGSM: Extended Global System for Mobile EEM: External Expansion Module communications (Communication) EEMA: European Electronic Messaging Association EHF: Encoding Header Field (Organizations) EHF: Extreme High Frequency EEMAC: Electrical & Electronic MAnufacturers of Canada EHLLAPI: Emulator High-Level Language Application Programming Interface EEMS: Enhanced Expanded Memory Specification EIA: Electronics Industries Association (Operating systems) (Organizations) EEP: Entry Exit Procedure EICAVR: European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research EEPRO: Ethernet Express PRO EIDE: Enhanced Integrated Drive Network interface card (Hardware) (Intel) Electronics EEPROM: Electrically Erasable Bus architecture (Hardware) Programmable Read Only Memory EIGRP: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing A non-volatile PROM that may be written to as well as read Protocol from. (Hardware) (Network) (Cisco) EES: Escrow Encryption Standard EIO: Enhanced Input/Output EET: Eastern European Time EIP: Enterprise Information Portal Timezone: GMT +1:00 (IBM) EF: Expedited Forwarding EIS: European Information System A Per-Hop Behavior in the Differentiated Service standard, used to create a virtual leased line service (Network) EIS: Executive Information System EFA: Extended EISA: Extended Industry Standard EFCI: Explicit Forward Congestion Architecture Indication PC bus architecture (Hardware) EFF: Electronic Frontier Foundation EISS: Europaeisches Institut für SystemSicherheit EFI: Electromechanical Frequency Interference EITAAC: Electronic and Information Technology Access Advisory Committee EFI: Electronics For Imaging (Organizations) EFIGS: English, French, Italian, German, EJB: Enterprise Java Bean Spanish (Software) (Sun) EFL: Emitter Follower Logic EJC: Electronic Journal of Communication (Hardware) EKP: Enterprise Knowledge Portal EFM: Eight to Fourteen Modulation (IBM) EFS: Encrypting File System EL: ElectroLuminescent (Operating systems) (Hardware) EFSP: Enhanced Fax Service Provider EL: Erase Line

Page 47 of 161 EL1: Extensible Language One EMEA: Europe, Middle East and Africa

ELAN: Emulated EMF: Enhanced MetaFile File format for graphics (Microsoft) ELC: Embedded Linking and Control EMF: ElectroMagnetic Field ELF: Extremely Low Frequency (Hardware) EMI: ElectroMagnetic Interference ELF: Electronic Location Finder EML: Element Management Layer

ELF: Executable and Linking Format EML: (Software) Filename extension used by MS Outlook Express (Software) (Microsoft) ELH: Entity Life History EMM: Expanded Memory Manager ELI: Embedded Lisp Interpreter E EMM: Extended Memory Management ELIC: Electronic Library Information Center EMMA: European MultiMedia Award ELINT: ELectronic INTelligence EMR: ElectroMagnetic Radiation ELK: Extension Language Kit EMR: Enhanced Metafile Record ELLIS: EuLisp LInda System EMS: Expanded Memory Specification ELM: ELectronic Mail (Software) (Network) EMS: Electronic Mail System ELOD: Erasable Laser Optical Disk EMS: Electronic Messaging Service ELP: Equational Logic Programming EMSAPI: Extended Messaging Services ELS: Entry Level System Application Programming Interface ELSNET: European Language and Speech EMSC: Electronic Mail Standards Committee NETwork EMT: Eastern Mediterranean Time EM: End of Medium Timezone: GMT +2:00 EM: Extensions Manager EMV: Europay, Mastercard and Visa

EM: Electronic Mail EMWAC: European nt Academic Centre EM: EMphasized EMX: Enterprise Messaging eXchange EM: ElectroMagnetic (Lotus) EN: Europa Norm EM: Expanded Memory ENA: Electronic Networking Association EMA: Enterprise Management Architecture ENA: Extended Network Addressing EMA: Enterprise Memory Architecture (Operating systems) ENC: ENCoded EMA: Electronic Mail Association File name extension ENDC: European Network Design Center EMACS: Editing MACroS ENDEC: ENcoder/DECoder EMB: Enhanced Master Burst ENDS: END of Segment EMB: Extended Memory Block ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator EMBARC: Electronic Mail Broadcast to A Analyzer and Computer Roaming Computer First fully electronic digital computer EMBM: Environment-Mapped Bump Mapping ENQ: ENQuiry EMC: Emergency Management Card ENS: Enterprise Network Services (Hardware) (Intel) EMC: E-Mail Connection ENSS: Exterior Nodal Switching Subsystem

EMC: Enhanced Memory Chip EO: Europe Online

EMC: ElectroMagnetic Compatibility EOA: End Of Address (Communication) EMC: Extended Math Coprocessor

Page 48 of 161 EOB: End Of Block EPIC: Explicitly Parallel Instruction (Communication) Computing EOC: End Of Character EPL: Electronic switching system Programming Language EOC: End Of Conversion EPL: Effective Privilege Level EOD: Erasable Optical Disk EPLD: Electrically Programmable Logic EOD: End Of Data Device (Hardware) EOF: End Of File A particular character, usually a Control-D, that tells the system EPM: Enterprise Process Management it has reached the end of the file. (IBM) EOF: Enterprise Object Framework EPM: Enhanced editor for Presentation (Software) (Apple) Manager (IBM) EOI: End Of Input E EPP: Enhanced Parallel Port EOI: End Of Interrupt (Hardware) EOI: End Or Identify EPROM: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EOJ: End Of Job A non- chip that is programmed after they it is manufactured. differ from PROMs in EOL: End Of Line that they can be erased (generally by exposing the semiconductor material to the ultraviolet light) and can be EOL: End Of List reprogrammed after having been erased. (Hardware) EOM: End Of Message EPRPI: Enhanced Primary Rate Peripheral (Communication) Interface EON: Extranet Object Network EPS: Encapsulated PostScript (Network) A file format for graphics and text supported by several graphics drawing applications. (Adobe) EON: Edge Of Network EPSF: Encapsulated PostScript Files (Network) (IBM) EOP: End Of Procedure EPSI: Encapsulated PostScript Interchange A version of the encapsulated PostScript format that describes EOR: Electro-Optical Reconnaissance an image using a standard . (Adobe)

EOR: Exclusive OR EQD: English Query Domain Also XOR Filename extension (Databases) (Microsoft) EOS: Extended Operating System EQP: EQuiPment

EOS: Earth Observing System ER: Entity Relationship (NASA) ER: Explicit cell Rate EOS: End Of String ER/RC: Extended Result/Response Code EOSDIS: Earth Observing System Data and Information System ERA: Extended Registry Attributes (NASA) ERAS: Electronic Routing and Approval EOT: End Of Text System

EOT: End Of Tape ERD: Entity-Relationship Diagram (Hardware) ERD: Emergency Repair Disk EOT: End Of Transmission (Communication) ERIC: Educational Resources Information Center EOT: End Of Table ERIN: Environmental Resources EOUG: European Oracle User Group Information Network

EP: Electrophotographic Engine ERLL: Enhanced Run Length Limited

EPA: Enhanced Performance Architecture ERM: Entity-Relationship Model

EPA: Environmental Protection Agency ERMA: Electronic Recording Method, (Organizations) Accounting EPAC: Enhanced Perceptual Audio Coder EROM: Erasable Read Only Memory EROS: Earth Resources Observation System

Page 49 of 161 ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning ESMA: Extended Server Memory Architecture ERR: ERRor (Operating systems) ERU: Emergency Recovery Utility ESMD: Embedded Storage Module Disk (Microsoft) ESMD: Enhanced Storage Module Device ES: Extended Services ESMR: Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio ES: Extra Segment CPU register (Hardware) (Intel) ESMTP: Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol ES-IS: End System to Intermediate System The International Organization for Standardization's Open ESN: Electronic Switched Network Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocol by which end systems announce themselves to intermediate systems. ESN: Electronic Security Number E ESA: Enterprise Systems Architecture ESNET: Energy Sciences NETwork (IBM) ESP: Ethernet Serial Port ESA: European Space Agency (Organizations) ESP: Enhanced Service Provider ESC: ESCape ESP: Encapsulated Security Payload ESC: Eisa System Component (Network) ESP: Enhanced Serial Port ESC/P: Epson Standard Code for Printers (Hardware) (Epson) ESP: Estimated Street Price ESCD: Extended System Configuration Data ESP: Emulation Sensing Processor ESCM: Extended Services Communications Manager ESPRIT: European Strategic Program of (IBM) Research and development in Information ESCON: Enterprise System CONnection Technology Architecture (IBM) ESR: Event Service Routine ESCSI: Embedded Small Computers System ESRB: Entertaining Software Rating Board Interface (Organizations) Bus architecture (Hardware) ESS: Enterprise Storage Server ESD: Electronic Software Distribution ESS: Electronic Switching System ESD: ElectroStatic Discharge EST: Eastern Standard Time ESD: Emergency Startup Disk Timezone: GMT -5:00 (Operating systems) (Microsoft) ESTT: E-mail Server Test Tool ESDI: Enhanced Small Device Interface Ziff-Davis labs test suite for email servers ESDRAM: Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic ESU: ElectroStatic Unit Random Access Memory (Hardware) ET: Enhancement Technology

ESDS: Entry Sequenced Data Set ETACS: Extended Total Access Communication System ESE: Exchange Server Enterprise (IBM) (Microsoft) ETANN: Electrically Trainable Analog Neural ESF: Extended SuperFrame Network ESI: End System Identifier Chip (Intel) ETB: End of Transmission Block ESI: Enhanced Serial Interface Communication specification (Hayes) ETC: Enhanced Throughput Cellular ESIS: End System to Intermediate System Cellular modem protocol (AT&T) ETC: Electronic Toll Collection ESM: European Satellite Multimedia ETF: Enriched Text Format ESM: Enterprise System Management ETIS: European Telecommunications ESM: External Storage Module Information Service A Sun external unit that contains disk or tape drives and that can be connected to a desktop SPARCstation system. ETL: Extract, Transformation and Load (Hardware) (Sun) (Databases)

Page 50 of 161 ETLA: Extended Three Letter Acronym EXT: EXTernal

ETOM: Electron-Trapping Optical Memory EXTRA: EXecutionTRace Analyzer

ETPL: Endorsed Tempest Products List EXTRN: EXTernal RefereNce

ETR: Early Token Release EXUG: European X Users Group

ETS: Ethernet Terminal Servers (Hardware) ETS: Econometric Time Series

ETSI: European Telecommunication Standards Institute (Organizations) ETX: End of TeXt E (Communication) EU: Execution Unit

EUC: Extended Unix Code An encoding scheme that allows up to four codesets to coexist in one data stream. EUC supports one primary character set and three supplementary character sets. (Operating systems) EUC: End User Computing

EUI: End-User Interface

EULA: End User License Agreement

EUNET: European Unix NETwork

Euro CASE: EUROpean Council of Applied Sciences and Engineering (Organizations) EUUG: European Unix Users Group (Organizations) EUV: Extreme Ultra Violet

EVE: Extensible Vax Editor

EVGA: Extended Video Graphics Array

EVGA: Extended Video Graphics Adapter

EVLIW: Encapsulated Very Long Instruction Word (Hardware) EW: Electronic Warfare

EWAN: Emulator Without A Name

EWOS: European Workshop for Open Systems The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Implementors workshop for Europe. EWS: Employee Written Software (IBM) EWS: Early Warning Status System that alerts the host system if drive performance approaches unacceptable reliability levels (Hardware) ExCA: EXchangeable Card Architecture (Intel) EXE: Executable File name extension EXE2BIN: EXEcutable To BINary

EXP: EXPonent

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Page 52 of 161 F

F/T: Full Time FBRAM: Frame Buffer Random Access Memory F/V: Frequency to Voltage converter A special type of Dynamic RAM (DRAM) used in high-speed (Hardware) frame buffers. Similar to Video RAM (VRAM), FBRAM is specifically designed for use in high-speed frame buffers and FAB: FABrication plant graphics accelerators. (Hardware) Usually referred to chip fabrication plants FC: Frame Control FAC: File Access Code FC: Functional Component FACE: Framed Access Command (Software) Environment FC: Fiber Channel FACS: Facility fir Access Control and (Hardware) Security F FC-AL: Fiber Channel - Arbitrated Loop FAIL: Fast Artificial Intelligence Language (Hardware) FAMOS: Floating gate Avalanche Metal FC-EL: Fiber Channel - Enhanced Loop Oxide Semiconductor (Hardware) (Hardware) FC/AL: Fiber Channel/Arbitrated Loop FANS: Future Air Navigation System FC/EL: Fiber Channel/Enhanced Loop FAP: Format And Protocol FCA: Flow Control Acknowledge FAP: File Access Protocol FCB: FAPI: Family Application Programming Interface FCBS: File Control BlockS FAQ: Frequently Asked Question FCC: Federal Communications Commission (Organizations) FAR: Fixed Alternative Routing FCC: File Carbon Copy FARNET: Federation of American Research NETworks FCCSET: Federal Coordinating Council for (Organizations) Science, Engineering and Technology FASIC: Function and Algorithm-Specific FCFS: First Come, First Served Integrated Circuit FCI: Interface FASMI: False Analysis of Shared Multidimensional Information FCI: Flow Control Indicator FAST: First Application System Test FCI: Flux Changes per Inch

FAT: FCIF: Full Common Intermediate Format (Operating systems) (Microsoft) Video Teleconferencing standard FAT12: File Allocation Table 12 bits FCL: Fibre Channel Loop Every entry in the table is 12 bits wide (Operating systems) (Microsoft) FCO: Flow Control Operator bits FAT16: File Allocation Table 16 bits FCP: Fibre Channel Protocol Every entry in the table is 16 bits wide (Operating systems) (Microsoft) FCPH: Fibre Channel PHysical and signaling FAT32: File Allocation Table 32 bits interface Every entry in the table is 32 bits wide (Operating systems) FCR: FIFO Control Register (Microsoft) FCS: Fiber Channel Standard FAX: FACSimile Also a file name extension FCS: First Customer Ship FAZAM: Full Armor Zero AdMinistration FCS: Frame Check Sequence FB: Fiber optic Backbone FD: Floppy Disk

FD: Flat Display (Hardware) (Sony) FD: Full Duplex

Page 53 of 161 FDBMS: Federated Database Management FeRAM: FErroelectric Random Access System Memory (Databases) (Hardware) FDC: Floppy Disk Controller FESDK: Far East Software Development Kit (Hardware) (Microsoft) FDCN: Financial Data Cast Network FET: Field-Effect Transistor A type of transistor in which the flow of current between the FDCT: Forward Discrete Cosine Transform source and the drain is modulated by application of a (Software) transverse electric field between two gate electrodes. (Hardware) FDD: Floppy Disk Drive (Hardware) FF: Flip-Flop (Hardware) FDDI: Fiber Digital Device Interface (Hardware) FF: Form Feed A printer command that tells a printer to move to the top of the FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface next page. In the ASCII character set, the form-feed character An emerging high-speed networking standard. The underlying has the decimal value 12. Also known as the page eject F medium is fiber optics, and the topology is a dual-attached, character. counter-rotating token ring (Hardware) FFDC: First Failure Data Capture FDDITPPMD: Fiber Distributed Data (IBM) Interface Twisted Pair-Physical layer, Medium Dependent FFOL: Fddi Follow-On-LAN FDE: Full Duplex Ethernet FFS: Fast Filing System

FDFS: File System FFS: Fast FileSystem A pseudo file system that provides explicit names for opening files using file descriptors. (Operating systems) FFST: First Failure Support Technology (IBM) FDL: File Definition Language FFT: Fast Fourier Transform FDM: Frequency-Division Multiplexing FFT: Final Form Text FDMA: Frequency-Division Multiple Access (IBM) FDOCA: Formatted Data Object Content FG: Floating Gate Architecture FGREP: Fixed Global Regular Expression (IBM) Print FDx: Full DupleX FH: Frequency Hopping (Communication) (Communication) FE: Functional Entity FHS: File Hierarchy Standard FEA: Functional Entity Action (Operating systems) FHS: Fan Heat-Sink FEBE: Far End Block Error FHSS: Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FEC: Fast EtherChannel (Communication) (Hardware) (Cisco) FIF: Fractal Image Format FEC: Forward Error Correction Sending redundant data so that if data loss occurs, data FIFO: First In First Out recovery is possible without retransmission (Communication) (Hardware) FECN: Forward Explicit Congestion FIFOFS: First In First Out File System Notification files that give processes common access to data. FED: Field Emitting Display (Operating systems) (Hardware) FILO: First In Last Out FEFO: First-Ended, First-Out FIN: Functional Identification Number FEM: Finite Elemente Methode FIOC: Frame Input/Output Controller FEP: Front End Processor FIP: Facility Interface Processor FEPI: Front End Programming Interface FIP: File Processor Buffering FEPROM: Flash EPROM FIPS: Federal Information Processing FER: Forward Error Correction Standard The FIPS PUB is the National Bureau of Standards’ guide to the standards it issues. FIR: Finite Impulse Response

Page 54 of 161 FIR: Fast Infrared FON: Fiber Optics Network

FIRST: ForschungsInstitut fër FON: FONt Rechnerarchitektur und SoftwareTechnik File name extension FIRST: Forum of Incident Response and FOOBAR: Ftp Operation Over Big Address Security Teams Records FIST: First In Still There FOOT: Forum for Object Oriented Technology FIU: Fingerprint Identification Unit (Hardware) FOR: File name extension FIX: Federal Internet eXchange FORTRAN: FORmula TRANsactor FK: Foreign Key Programming language (Databases) FOSE: Federal Office Systems Exposition FL: Fiberoptic Link FOSI: Format Option Specification Instance FLA: Four Letter Acronym FOSSIL: Fido/Opus/Seadog Standard F FLACC: Full Level Algol Checkout Compiler Interface Layer

FLAG: Fiber-optic Link Around the Globe FOT: Fiber Optic Transceiver (Network) FOX: Field Operational X.500 FLC: Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal FP: Frame Pointer FLD: FieLD Processor register (Hardware)

FLEA: Four Letter Extended Acronym FP: Floating Point

FLL: Foxpro Link Library FPA: Floating Point Accelerator (Microsoft) A device (board or integrated circuit - IC) that speeds up floating-point calculations. (Hardware) FLOPS: FLoating-point Operations Per FPC: Floating Point Coprocessor Second A measure of the speed at which a computer can operate. FPC: Floating Point Calculation (Hardware) FMA: Fused Multiply-Add FPCE: Floating-Point C Extension CPU instruction type Specification FMH: Function Management Header FPD: Flat Panel Display (Hardware) FMS: File Management System FPD: Full Page Display FMT: ForMaT (Hardware) FPDU: Ftam Protocol Data Unit FMV: Full Motion Video FPE: Floating Point Engine FNC: Federal Networking Council The body responsible for coordinating networking needs among FPGA: Field Programmable Gate Array U.S. federal agencies. (Organizations) An integrated circuit containing an array of logic circuits in FNT: FoNT which the connections between the individual circuits can be programmed after manufacture, typically at the time of File name extension installation (in the field). (Hardware) FO: Fiber Optic FPI: Floating-Point Interface

FOC: Fiber Optic Cable FPLA: Field Programmable Logic Array FOCUS: FOrum of Control data USers An array of logic elements. Its interconnections are programmable after manufacture (Hardware) FOD: Flexible Optical Disk FPLMTS: Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications System FOD: Fax On Demand FPLS: Field Programmable Logic Sequencer FOG: First Osborne Group (Hardware) FOIP: Fax Over Internet Protocol FPM: Fast Page Mode (Hardware) FOIRL: Fiber Optic Inter Repeater Link FPP: Floating Point Processor FOLDOC: Free On-Line Dictionary Of Computing FPP: Fixed Path Protocol FOMAU: Fiber Optic Media Access Unit FPR: Floating-Point Register

Page 55 of 161 FPS: Fast FSF: Foundation (Organizations) fps: Frames Per Second Motion images reproduction speed FSK: Frequency-Shift Keying (Communication) FPS: Favorite Picture Selection FSM: Finite-State Machine FPT: Forced Perfect Termination FSN: Full Service Network FPU: Floating-Point Unit (Hardware) FSP: Fax Service Provider FQDN: Fully Qualified Domain Name FSP: File Service Protocol (Network) FSR: Full Scale Range FRAD: Frame Relay Assembler/Disassembler FSR: Free System Resources

FRAD: Frame Relay Access Device FSS: Fast System Switch F FRAG: FRAGment FSS: Field Support Service FRAM: Ferroelectric Random-Access A group of technical engineers providing short-term assistance and product knowledge to customers that are deploying, Memory developing, and maintaining Lotus environments (Lotus) FRC: Functional Redundancy Checking FST: Flat Square Tube FRED: FRame EDitor (Hardware) FST: Finite State Technology FRED: FRont-End to Dish (Software) FRF: Floating point Register File FST: French Summer Time Timezone: GMT +1:00 FRICC: Federal Research Internet Coordinating Committee FSTN: Film SuperTwisted Nematic Now replaced by the Federal Networking Council (FNC). FT: Fault Tolerant (Organizations) FRL: Frame Representation Language FT: Field Test

FRM: Forward Resource Management FTA: Floptical Technology Association

FRPI: Flux Reversals Per Inch FTAM: File Transfer and Access Method

FRR: Functional Recovery Routine FTAM: File Transfer Access and Management The International Organization for Standardization's Open FRS: Flexible Route Selection Systems Interconnection (OSI) remote file service and protocol. (Network) FRS: File Replication Service FTC: Federal Trade Commission (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Organizations) FRS: Family Radio Service FTL: Flash Transition Layer Wireless communication and networking service (Communication) (Intel) FRU: Field-Replaceable Unit FTM: Flat Tension Mask An assembly replaced in its entirety when any one of its FTOS: File Transfer Osi Support components fails. (Hardware) FS: Frame Status FTP: Foiled Twisted Pair

FS: File System FTP: File Transfer Protocol The Internet protocol (and program) used to transfer files FS: File Separator between hosts. (Network)

FSA: Fluidic Self-Assembly FTPD: File Transfer Protocol Daemon LCD manufacturing technology (Hardware) FTR: Full Text Retrieval FSAG: Free Software Association of Germany FTS: Fidonet Technical Standard FSB: Front Side Bus FTS: Full Text Search (Hardware) FTS: Federal Telecommunication System FSCK: File System Consistency checK FTSC: Fidonet Technical Standard FSD: File System Driver Conference (IBM) FTTC: Fiber To The Curb FSE: Full Screen Editor

Page 56 of 161 FTX: Fault Tolerant uniX

FUD: Fear, Uncertainty, Doubt

FUI: File Update Information

FVT: Full Video Translation

FW: FirmWare

FWH: Firmware Hub (Hardware) (Intel) FWIW: For What It's Worth (Messages) FWT: French Winter Time Timezone: GMT +1:00 FXU: FiXed point Unit F FY: Fiscal Year

FY: Financial Year

FYI: For Your Information (Messages)

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Page 58 of 161 G

G: Giga GCS: Group Control System Prefix for 1000 (or 1024) power 3 GDA: Global Directory Agent G/L: General Ledger GDA: Global Data Area G2G: Got To Go (Messages) GDAP: Government Document Application Profile GA: General Availability GDB: Gnu DeBugger GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GDBM: Gnu DataBase Manager GAIA: Gui Application Interoperability GDD: Gesellschaft für Datenschutz und Architecture Datensicherung GAIN: German Advanced Integrated GDDM: Graphical Data Display Manager Network (Software) G GAL: Generic Array Logic GDG: Generation Data Group (Hardware) (IBM) GALPAT: GALlopping PATtern GDI: Graphics Device Interface Memory test technique (Operating systems) (Microsoft) GAN: Global Area Network GDLC: Generic Data Link Control (IBM) GAP: Generic Access Profile GDMO: Guidelines for the Definition of GAPI: Gateway Application Programming Managed Objects Interface GDOS: Graphics Device Operating System GART: Graphic Address Remapping Table (Hardware) GDP: Graphic Draw Primitive GATT: Graphics Address Translation Table GDS: General Data Stream

Gb: GigaBit GDS: Global Directory Service

GB: GigaByte GDT: Global Descriptor Table (Operating systems) (Microsoft) GBIC: GigaBit Interface Connector (Network) GDT: Graphics Development Toolkit Gbps: Giga Bits Per Second GDT: Geometric Dimensioning and Transfer Speed (Communication) Tolerancing GBps: Giga Bytes Per Second GE: Greater than or Equal Transfer Speed (Communication) (Software) GC: Global Catalog GECOS: General Electric Comprehensive Active directory's caching system (Operating systems) Operating System GC: Graphics Context GEIS: General Electric Information Service The storage of various information for graphics output, such as foreground pixel, background pixel, line width, clipping region, GEM: Graphics Environment Manager and so on. (Operating systems) (Software) (Digital Research) GCA: General Communications Architecture GEM: Global Enterprise Manager

GCC: Gnu C Compiler GENIE: General Electric Network for (Software) Information Exchange GCCD: Glass-passivated Ceramic Chip Diode GEO: Geosynchronous Earth Orbit

GCL: Graphics Command Language GEOS: Graphic Environment Operating System GCOS: General Comprehensive Operating System GET: Get Execute Trigger GCR: Group Coded Recording GFC: Generic Flow Control (Hardware) GFI: General Format Identifier GCRA: Generic Cell Rate Algorithm

Page 59 of 161 GFI: Ground-Fault Interceptor GMCH: Graphics Memory Controller Hub (Hardware) (Intel) GFLOPS: Giga FLoating point Operations per Second GMI: Generic Management Information Processing speed GML: Generalized Markup Language GFP: Global Functional Plane GMP: Global Mobile Professional GFS: Grandfather, Father, Son Backup methodology GMR: Giant Magneto-Resistive Hard disk head technology (Hardware) GFSK: Gaussian Frequency-Shift Keying GMRAE: Geometric Mean Relative Absolute GGP: Gateway to Gateway Protocol Error

GHTSTN: Guest Host Technique GMS: Global Messaging Service SuperTwisted Nematic (Novell) GHz: GigaHertZ GMS: Global Management System

GI: Gesellschaft für Informatik GMT: Greenwich Mean Time Also callet UTC GID: Group IDentifier GMTA: Great Minds Think Alike G The number used by the system to control access to accounts (Messages) owned by other users. (Operating systems) GIF: Graphical Interchange Format GNA: Global Network Academy File format for bitmapped images (CompuServe) GND: GrouND GIGO: Garbage In, Garbage Out (Hardware)

GII: Global Information Infrastructure GNN: Global Network Navigator (Network) GILS: Government Information Locator GNOME: Gnu Network Object Model Service Environment GIMP: Gnu Image Manipulation Program GNU: Gnu's Not Unix Freely distributed piece of software suitable for such tasks as photo retouching, image composition and image authoring. See GOCA: Graphic Object Content Architecture www.gimp.org (Software) GIMPS: Great Internet Mersenne Prime GOD: Global OutDial Search GOSIP: Government Open Systems GINA: Graphical Identification aNd Interconnection Profile Authentication GP: General Purpose GIOP: General Inter-Orb Protocol GP: Gas Plasma Gips: Giga Instructions Per Second GPC: General-Purpose Computation GIS: Global Information Solutions GPC: Graphics Performance (AT&T) Characterization GIS: Geographic Information System GPCI: Graphics Processor Command A graphic application using a database of specialized information, such as geographical and demographic data. Interface (Software) GPE: Graphics Picture Enhancement GIX: Global Internet eXchange (Hardware) (Sony)

GKS: Graphical Kernel System GPF: General Protection Fault Common error in 16-bits Windows (Software) (Microsoft) An international standard 2-D graphics library consisting of a set of defined graphic primitives and a tool set for application GPI: Graphics Programming Interface developers. (Software) GL: Graphics Language GPIB: General Purpose Interface Bus (Software) Bus architecture (Hardware) GLIS: Global Land Information System GPIO: General Purpose Input Output

GLM: General Linear Models GPL: Graphics Programming Language

GLOBE: Global Learning by Observations to GPL: General Public License Benefit the Environment GLY: GLossarY GPM: Group Policy Manager File name extension (Microsoft) (Operating systems) GM: General Midi GPO: Group Policy Object (Operating systems)

Page 60 of 161 GPP: Generic Packetized Protocol GT: Greater Than (Software) GPR: General-Purpose Register (Hardware) GTDM: Group Time Division Multiplexing GPRC: Glass Passivated Rectifier Chip GTE: General Telephone Electronics

GPRS: General Packet Radio Service GTF: Generalized Timing Format (Communication) GTG: Got To Go GPS: Global Positioning System (Messages) GPS: Global Product Specification GTL: Gunning Transceiver Logic

GPSI: Graphics Processor Software gTLD: Generic Top Level Domain Interface (Network) GPSS: General Purpose Simulation System GTO: Guide To Operations (IBM) GPU: Graphics Processing Unit (Hardware) GTP: Geometry Theorem Prover GPV: General Public Virus GUI: Graphical User Interface The pictorial point of interaction between you and the computer G GQL: Graphical Query Language and its special applications, usually with a mouse or other selection device. (Operating systems) GRADD: GRaphics Adapter Device Driver (IBM) GUID: Globally Unique IDentifier GRE: Generic Routing Encapsulation GUIDE: Graphical User Interface Design (Network) Editor GRE: GRaphics Engine GUUG: German Unix User Group

GREP: Global Regular Expression Print GVPN: Global Virtual Private Network (Network) GRIC: Global Reach Internet Connection (Communication) GVT: Global Virtual Time GRINS: GRaphical INterface to Smil GW-BASIC: Gee Whiz Beginners All- purpose Symbolic Instruction Code GRP: Group File name extension GWAPI: Go Webserver Application Programming Interface GRUB: GRand Unified Bootloader (Software) (Lotus) (Operating systems) GWES: Graphics, Windowing and Events GS: General Synthesis Subsystem (Hardware) (Roland) (Operating systems) (Microsoft) GS: Group Separator GWIA: GroupWare Internet Agent (Novell) GSDS: Genealogy Software Distribution System GSI: General Server Interface

GSM: Global System for Mobile communications (Communication) GSM: Global Shared Memory

GSNW: Gateway Service for NetWare (Microsoft) GSP: Generic Server Passer

GSP: Global Service Provider

GSS: Generic Security Service

GSSAPI: Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface (Software) GSTN: General Switched Telephone Network

GSTS: Ground-based and Tracking System

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Page 62 of 161 H

H: Header HCU: Home Computer User File name extension HD: Hard Disk H&J: Hyphenation And Justification (Hardware) (Software) HD: High Density H-MUX: Hybrid MUltipleXer HD-CD: High Definition Compact Disk H/PC: Hand-held Personal Computer (Hardware) HD-DVD: High Definition Digital Video (or Versatile) Disk H/V: Horizontal/Vertical (Hardware) H/W: HardWare HD-ROM: High Density Read Only Memory (Hardware) HA: Header Authentication HDA: Head Disk Assembly HA: High Availability HDC: Hard Disk Controller HACMP: High Availability Cluster Multi- H Processing HDD: (IBM) (Hardware) HAI: Hardware Accelerator Interface HDF: Hierarchical Data Format (Hardware) HDH: Hdlc Distant Host HAL: Home Automated Living HDI: Hoops Device Interface HAL: Hardware Abstraction Layer HDI: Head to Disk Interference HAL: Heuristically Programmed Algorithmic Computer HDL: Hardware Description Language HAL: Hard Array Logic HDLC: High-level Data-Link Control (Communication) HAL: House-programmed Array Logic HDLP: High-Level Data Link Protocol HALO: High Altitude Long Operation Communication aircraft (Communication) HDM: Hardware Device Module (Hardware) HAP: Host Access Protocol HDML: Handheld Device Markup Language HAS: Home Automation System HDMOS: High Density Metal Oxide HASP: Houston Automatic Spooling Priority Semiconductor HAT: Hashed Address Table HDR: High Dynamic Range

HBA: Host Bus Adapter HDR: HeaDeR A controller board connecting the I/O expansion bus to the SCSI subsystem. (Hardware) HDSC: High Density Signal Carrier (DEC) HBCI: Home Banking Computer Interface HDSL: High bit rate Digital Subscriber Line HBI: Horizontal Blanking Interval (Communication) (Hardware) HDSS: Holographic Data Storage System HCA: Hich-Contrast Addressing (Hardware) (Sharp) HDT: Hawaii Daylight Time Timezone: GMT -10:00 HCG: Hardware Compatibility Guide HDT: Host Digital Terminal HCL: Host Control Links HDTV: High-Definition TeleVision HCL: Hardware Compatibility List (Hardware)

HCSDS: High-Capacity Satellite Digital HDVD: High Definition Volumetric Display Service HDW: HarDWare HCSS: High Capacity Storage System HDx: Half DupleX HCTDS: High-Capacity Terrestrial Digital (Communication) Service

Page 63 of 161 HEC: Header Error Control HKDD: HKey_Dyn_Data Windows NT Registry key (Operating systems) (Microsoft) HEL: Hardware Emulation Layer HKLM: HKey_Local_Machine HEPNET: High Energy Physics NETwork Windows NT Registry key (Operating systems) (Microsoft)

HES: Home Entertainment System HKU: HKey_Users (Hardware) Windows NT Registry key (Operating systems) (Microsoft) HEX: HEXadecimal HLCO: High Low Open

HF: High Frequency HLD: Height, Length, Depth

HFC: Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial HLHSR: Hidden-Line, Hidden-Surface (Hardware) Removal HFS: Hierarchical File System HLL: High-Level Language (Operating systems) (Apple) (Software) HFT: High Function Terminal HLLAPI: High-Level Language Application (IBM) Programming Interface (Software) HFT: Host Function Table (Software) HLP: HeLP File name extension HGA: Hercules Graphics Adapter H HLQ: High Level Qualifier HGC: (Hardware) HLR: Home Location Register HGCP: Hercules Graphics Card Plus HLS: Hue, Luminance, Saturation Color model HGML: Hypertext General Markup Language HLT: HaLT HIC: Hybrid Integrated Circuit HMA: High Memory Area HID: Human Interface Device Method to access the first 64kB segment above the 1MB (Hardware) boundary in DOS/Windows 16-bits (Microsoft) HID: High-Intensity Discharge HMA: Hub Management Architecture Light bulb technology used mainly in projectors (Hardware) HMC: Highspeed Memory Controller HIF: Hyper-g Interchange Format File name extension HMD: Head Mounted Display HiFD: HIgh-capacity Floppy Disk HMI: Html Mail Interface (Hardware) (Sony) (Microsoft) HIFI: Hypertext Interface For Information HMI: Host Micro Interface (CompuServe) HIL: Human Interface Link (HP) HMM: Hidden Markov Model HIMEM: HIgh MEMory HMMP: HyperMedia Management Protocol

HIP: Hardware Instrumentation Package HMMU: Hardware Memory Management Unit (Hardware) (Hardware) HIPERLAN: HIgh-PErformance Radio Local HMOS: High performance Metal Oxide Area Network Semiconductor (Network) HMP: Host Monitoring Protocol HIPPI: HIgh Performance Parallel Interface (Hardware) HNET: Holographic NEural Technology HIRD: Hurd of Interfaces Representing HO-DSP: Higher Order Domain-Specific Part Depth (Network) (Operating systems) (GNU) HOB: High-Order Byte HJB: HotJava Browser (Sun) HOL: High Order Language HKCC: HKey_Current_Config HOLAP: Hybrid On-Line OnLine Analytical Windows NT Registry key (Operating systems) (Microsoft) Processing HKCR: HKey_Classes_Root HOOPS: Hierachical Object Orientated Windows NT Registry key (Operating systems) (Microsoft) Picture System HKCU: HKey_Current_User HOPS: HOst Proximity Service Windows NT Registry key (Operating systems) (Microsoft)

Page 64 of 161 HOTT: Hot Off The Tree HPW: High Performance Workstation Electronic newsletter (Sun) HOTW: Hot Off The Web HQ: HeadQuarter Web organizer (Software) HR: Human Resource HOV: High Occupancy Vehicle HR: High-Rate HP: Hewlett-Packard IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN access method (Communication) HP-IB: Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus HRC: Hybrid Ring Control (Hardware) (HP) HRG: High Resolution Graphics HP-VUE: Hewlett-Packard Visual User Environment HRIS: Human Resource Information System

HP/UX: Hewlett-Packard UniX HRMS: Human Resource Management (Operating systems) (HP) System HPA: High Performance Addressing HRTF: Head-Related Transfer Function

HPAS: Hypermedia Presentation and HS: High Speed Authoring System HSB: Hue, Saturation, Brightness HPB: High Ping Bastard Color model Network multiplayer games attribute (Software) HSC: High Speed Channel HPC: High-Performance Computing H HSC: Hierarchical Storage Controller HPCC: High-Performance Computing and Communications HSCSD: High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data HPDJ: Hewlett-Packard Desk Jet of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) (Communication)

HPF: High Performance Fortran HSFS: High Sierra File System (Operating systems) HPFS: High Performance File System HSI: High Speed Interface (Operating systems) (IBM) HPG: Hewlett-Packard Graphics HSI: Hue, Saturation, Intensity Color model HPGL: Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language HSL: Hue, Saturation, Luminance Language to describe vector graphics (usually for plotters) Color model (Hardware) (Software) (HP) HSLAN: High Speed Local Area Network HPLJ: Hewlett-Packard Laser Jet HSLN: High Speed Local Network HPLT: High Productivity Languages/Tools HSM: Hierarchical Storage Management HPNA: Home Phoneline Networking Alliance (Organizations) HSM: System Manager HPOFS: High Performance Optical File HSMOS: High Speed Metal Oxide System Semiconductor HPOM: Home Page Object Model HSP: High Speed Printer (Microsoft) HPPA: Hewlett-Packard Precision HSR: Horizontal Scan Rate Architecture (Hardware) HPPCL: Hewlett-Packard Printer Control HSSDS: High Speed Switched Digital Service Language HSSI: High Speed Serial Interface HPPE: High Performance Processing Element HST: High Speed Technology (Hardware) (3Com) HPPI: High-Performance Peripheral HST: HoST Interface HST: Hawaii Standard Time HPR: High Performance Routing Timezone: GMT -10:00 (IBM) HST: Hawaii Standard Time HPSA: High Parallel System Architecture Timezone: GMT -10:00 (Hardware) HST: HiSTory HPSB: High-Performance Serial Bus Also known as FireWire (Hardware) HSV: Hue, Saturation, Value HPUX: Hewlett-Packard UniX

Page 65 of 161 HSYNC: Horizontal SYNChronization (Hardware) HT: Horizontal Tab

HTA: HyperText Application (Network) HTDM: Hybrid Time Division Multiplexing

HTL: High Threshold Logic (Hardware) HTML: HyperText Markup Language A file format, based on SGML, for hypertext documents on the Internet. It is simple and enables the embedding of images, sounds, video streams, form fields, and text formatting. HTTP: HyperText Transport (or Transfer) Protocol The Internet protocol that fetches hypertext objects from remote hosts. It is based on TCP/IP. (Communication) HTTP-NG: HyperText Transfer Protocol Next Generation H HTTPD: HyperText Transfer Protocol Daemon HTTPNG: HyperText Transfer Protocol Next Generation HUD: Heads Up Display

HURD: Hird of Unix-Replacing Daemons (Operating systems) (GNU) HUT: Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope

HVC: Hue, Value, Chroma

HVP: Horizontal and Vertical Position

HVS: Human Visual System

HW: HardWare

HWCP: HardWare Code Page

HWD: Height, Width, Depth

HWIH: Here's What I Have (Messages) HYTEA: HYperText Environment for Authoring Hz: HertZ Frequency measurement unit

Page 66 of 161 I i-FED: Intelligent Field Emitting Display IASS: Internet Alphaserver System (Hardware) Software (DEC) I-WAY: Information highWAY IAT: Information Access Technology I/F: InterFace IAT: Internet Appliance Toolkit I/O: Input/Output (Network) (QNX) The equipment used to communicate with a computer, the data involved in that communication, the media carrying the data, IAT: Import Address Table and the process of communicating that information (Operating systems) (Microsoft) I2-DSI: Distributed Storage IAUG: International Aix User Group Infrastructure IAUP: Internet User Account Provider I2O: Intelligent Input Output IAYF: Information At Your Fingertips I4DL: Interface, Inheritance, Implementation, Installation Definition IB: Interface Builder Language (Software) (Apple) IA: Intel Architecture IBC: Instrument Bus Computer (Hardware) (Intel) iBCS: Intel Binary Compatibility I IA: Information Appliance Specification (Hardware) IBIP: Information Based Indicia Program IA: Illustrated Audio Bar code postage system Sound file format IBM: International Business Machines IAB: Internet Activities Board The group that administrates the development of the Internet IBM-GL: International Business Machines suite of protocols (TCP/IP). The IAB has two investigative task Graphics Language forces, the IRTF and the IETF. (Organizations) IBN: Integrated Business Network IAC: Internet Application Component (Software) IBOC: In-Band, On-Channel IAC: InterApplication Communication IC: Integrated Circuit (Apple) (Hardware) IAG: Instruction Address Generation IC: Interrupt Controller

IAHC: Internet Ad Hoc Committee IC: Input Circuit (Organizations) IC: Internet Connector IAK: Internet Access Kit (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (IBM) IC: Input Context IAL: Intel Architecture Lab An abstraction for representing the state of a particular input (Intel) thread for use with an input method. Multiple ICs can be IAL: International Algebraic Language associated with an input method. ALGOL was first called IAL ICA: Intelligent Communication Adapter

IAM: Internet Answering Machine ICA: Independent Computing Architecture (Software) IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ICA: Intelligent Console Architecture

IANW: International Academic ICA: Intra-application Communications Area NetWorkshops ICALP: International Conference on IAP: Internet Access Provider Automata, Languages and Programming

IAS: Interactive Application System ICAN: Individual Customer Access Network

IAS: Internet Authentication Service ICANN: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers IAS: Information Access Service (Organizations)

IAS: Internet Access Server ICAP: Internet Calendar Access Protocol (Network) (Lotus)

Page 67 of 161 ICAPI: Internet Connection server ICO: ICOn Application Programming Interface File name extension (Software) (IBM) iCOMP: Intel COmparative Microprocessor ICAS: Intel Communicating Applications Performance Specifications (Intel) ICB: Internet Citizen's Band ICP: Independent Content Provider (Network) ICC: Intelligent Communications Control ICP: Internet Control Pack ICC: International Color Consortium (Network) (Microsoft) (Organizations) ICP: Internet Caching Protocol ICCC: InterClient Communication (Network) Convention ICP: Image CoProcessor ICCCM: Inter-Client Communication (Hardware) Conventions Manual ICP: Integrated Channel Processor The document that describes the conventions for the communication between X clients. This includes such ICQ: I Seek You conventions as client-to-client, client-to-window manager, client- to-session manager, and color characterization communication. Communication program (Software) (Operating systems) ICR: Intelligent Character Recognition ICCP: Institute for the Certification of iCRT: Intelligent Content Recognition Computing Professionals Technology ICCS: Integrated Communications Cabling ICS: Ibm Cabling System I System ICD: International Code Designator ICS: Integrated Client Setup

ICD: Installable Client Driver ICS: Iris Certificate Security

ICDA: Integrated Cached Disk Array ICS: Internet Conferencing System (Network) ICE: Information and Content Exchange ICS: Internet Caching System ICE: In-Circuit Emulation (Network) (Hardware) ICS: Intuitive Command Structure ICE: Integrated Computing Environment ICS: Internet Connection Sharing ICES: Interference-Causing Equipment (Network) (Microsoft) Standard ICSA: Internet Cellular Smart Access ICF: Interactive Communication Facility ICSA: International Computer Security (IBM) Association ICH: I/o Controller Hub (Organizations) (Hardware) (Intel) ICSAPI: Internet Connection Services ICI: Image Component Information Application Programming Interface ICL: Industrial Code and Logic ICSC: Intelligent Channel/Storage Control Manufacturer ICSW: Internet Connection Sharing Wizard ICL: Interface Clear (Network) (Microsoft) ICLID: Incoming Call Line IDentification ICU: Interactive Chart Utility

ICM: Image Color Matching ICU: Internet Communication Utilities (Kodak) (Communication) ICM: Image Color Management ICU: Intel Configuration Utility (Software) (Microsoft) ICM: InComing Message ICU: Isa Configuration Utility

ICM: Internet Call Manager ICU: Instruction-Cache Unit

ICMC: International Computer Music ICW: Internet Connection Wizard Conference (Software) (Microsoft) ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol ID: IDentifier The protocol used that handles errors and control messages at the Internet Protocol layer. For example, the ping command is IDA: Intelligent Drive Array an implementation of the ICMP. ICMP occurs on the IP (Hardware) (network) level of the TCP/IP protocol suite. (Communication)

Page 68 of 161 IDA: Inernational Database Association IDR: Intelligent Disaster Recovery (Organizations) (Seagate) IDA: Integrated Digital Access IDRAM: Integrated Dynamic Random Access Memory IDAPI: Independent Database Application (Hardware) Programming Interface (Software) (Inprise) IDRC: Improved Data Recording Capacity (Hardware) IDAS: Interchange DAta Structure IDS: Internal Directory System IDBMS: Integrated DataBase Management System IDS: Information Delivery System (Databases) IDSL: Isdn Digital Subscriber Line IDC: Inter-Device Communication (Communication)

IDC: Internet Database Connector IDT: Integrated Device Technologies (Network) (Microsoft) (IDT) IDC: International Data Corporation IDT: Interface Design Tool

IDC: Integrated Desktop Connector IDT: Interrupt Descriptor Table iDCT: Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform IDU: Interface Data Unit

IDDD: International Distance Direct Dialing IDUG: International Db2 Users Group (Communication) (Databases) (IBM) IDDE: Integrated Development & IDUP-GSS-API: Independent Data Unit I Debugging Environment Protection Generic Security Service (Symantec) Application Programming Interface IDE: Integrated Drive Electronics IDVC: Integrated Data/Voice Channel Bus architecture (Hardware) IDX: InDeX IDE: Integrated Development Environment File name extension (Software) IE: Information Engineering IDE: Interface Design Enhancement IE: Information Element IDE: Interactive Design and Engineering IE: Internet Explorer IDEA: Internet Design, Engineering, and (Software) (Microsoft) Analysis notes IEAK: Internet Explorer Administrator Kit IDEA: International Data Encryption (Software) (Microsoft) Algorithm IEC: International Electrotechnical IDF: Intermediate Distribution Frame Commission (Organizations) IDI: Initial Domain Identifier (Network) IEC: InterExchange Carrier IDIV: Integer DIVide IEE: Institute of Electrical Engineers

IDL: Interactive Data Language IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IDL: Interface Definition Language (Organizations) IDLE: International Date Line East IEF: Information Engineering Facility Timezone: GMT +12:00 IEMSI: Interactive Electronic Mail Standard IDLW: International Date Line West Identification Timezone: GMT -12:00 IEN: Internet Experiment Notebook IDM: Integrated Document Management IEN: Internet Engineering Notes IDMS: Integrated Database Management System IESG: Internet Engineering Steering Group IDNX: Integrated Digital Network eXchange The executive committee of the IETF (Organizations) (IBM) IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force IDP: Internet Datagram Protocol An engineering and protocol standards body that develops and specifies protocols and Internet standards, generally in the IDP: Integrated Data Processing network layer and above. See www.ietf.org (Organizations) IETFWG: Internet Engineering Task Force IDR: Intelligent Document Recognition Working Group

Page 69 of 161 IEW: Information Engineering Workbench IGS: Internet Go Server

IF: Information Flow IHD: Integrated Help Desk (IBM) IFC: Internet Foundation Classes (Software) IHV: Independent Hardware Vendor A third-party hardware manufacturer (Hardware) IFCM: Independent Flow Control Messages IIF: Immediate InterFace IFD: Information Flow Diagram III: Interstate Identification Index IFD: Image File Directory IIIR: Integration of Internet Information IFF: Interchange File Format Resources

IFG: Incoming Fax Gateway IIL: Integrated Injection Logic

IFIP: International Federation of IIN: Integrated Information Network Information Processing societies IIOP: Internet Interoperable Orb Protocol IFMP: Ipsilon Flow Management Protocol (Communication)

IFNA: International FidoNet Association IIR: Immediate Impulse Response

IFP: Instruction Fetch Pipeline IIS: Internet Information Server (Network) (Microsoft) IFPI: International Federation of IISP: Interim Inter-switch Signaling Phonographic Industry Protocol I (Organizations) IITF: Information Infrastructure Task Force IFR: Interleaved Frame Recording IJCAI: International Joint Conference on IFS: Internal Field Seperator Artificial Intelligence IFS: Intelligent Fax System IK: Inverse Kinematics

IFS: Internet File System IKBS: Intelligent Knowledge Based System (Operating systems) IKE: Internet Key Exchange IFS: Installable File System (Operating systems) IKMP: Internet Key Management Protocol IFSM: InFormation Systems Management (Network) IKP: Internet Keyed Payment IFSMgr: Installable File System ManaGeR (Operating systems) ILA: Image Light Amplifier

IFT: Inverse fast Fourier Transform ILE: Integrated Language Environment IGA: Integrated Graphics Array (Software) (IBM) ILEC: Incumbent Long Exchange Carrier IGC: Institute for Global Communications Also known as primary long exchange carrier (Communication) IGC: Integrated Graphics Controller ILLINET: ILlinois LIbrary NETwork

IGES: Initial Graphics Exchange ILMI: Interim Local Management Interface Specification File format for graphics interchange ILP: Instruction-Level Parallelism CPU architecture IGFET: Insulated-Gate Field Effect Transistor ILS: Instrument Landing System IGFOS: International Government Forum ILS: Internet Locator Service for Open Systems (Organizations) ILS: International Language Support IGMP: Internet Group Management Protocol IM: Interface Module

IGN: Ibm Global Network IM: Instant Messaging

IGP: Interior Gateway Protocol IM: Input Method The protocol that enables the exchange or routing information The algorithm by which users enter the text of a language. Input between collaborating routers on the Internet. Examples of methods differ for each language, depending on that IGPs include Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open language’s structure and conventions Shortest Path First (OSPF) IMA: Interactive Multimedia Association IGRP: Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (Cisco) IMA: International Midi Association

Page 70 of 161 IMAC: Isochronous Media Access Control IN: Individual Network

IMACS: Image Management and IN: INput Communication System INA: Intelligent Network Architecture IMAP: Internet Message Access Protocol (Network) INAP: Intelligent Network Application Protocol IMC: Internet Mail Connector (Software) (Microsoft) INC: INCrement

IMC: Internet Message Center INCM: Intelligent Network Conceptual (Network) Model IMDS: IMage Data Stream IND: INDex (IBM) File name extension IME: Input Method Editor INET: International NETworking conference

IMF: International Monetary Fund INF: INFormation (Organizations) File name extension IMG: IMaGe INFS: Internet Network File System File name extension INGRES: INteractive Graphic REtrieval IMHO: In My Humble Opinion System (Messages) INI: INItialization IML: Initial Microcode Load File name extension (IBM) I INIT: INITialize IMM: Intel Mobile Module (Hardware) (Intel) INL: Inter Node Link IMM: Input Method Manager INM: International Neural Machines IMO: Intenet Mail Only INM: Integrated Network Management Microsoft Outlook version (Software) (Microsoft) IMP: Interface Message Processor INN: Inter Node Network (Hardware) INN: InterNet News IMP: Input Method Profiler (Network)

IMPA: Intelligent Multi-Port Adapter INND: InterNet News Daemon (Network) IMPP: Instant Messaging and Presence INOC: Internet Network Operations Center Protocol IMR: Internet Monthly Report INP: Instant Network Presence (Network) IMS: Internet Mail Server INRIA: Institut National de Recherche en (Sun) Informatique et Automatique IMS: Information Management System INS: INput String (IBM) IMS: Intermediate Maintenance Standard INS: Integrated Network Server

IMS: Instructional Management System INT: INTeger

IMS: Image Management Services INT: INTernal

IMSO: Integrated Micro Systems Operation INT: INTerrupt (Software) (Intel) IMSP: Internet Message Support Protocol INT: INTernational (Network) organization Domain name IMSVS: Information Management INTA: INTerrupt Acknowledge System/Virtual Storage IMTC: International Multimedia INTAP: Interoperability Technology Teleconferencing Consortium Association for Information Processing The technical organization that officially develops Japanese OSI IMTV: Interactive Multimedia TeleVision profiles and conformance tests (Organizations) IMUL: Integer MULtiply INTEL: INTegrated ELectronics (Intel) IMUX: Inverse MUltipleXer InterNIC: INTERnet Network Information Center

Page 71 of 161 INTO: INTerrupt if Overflow occurs IPCS: Interactive Problem Control System

IO: Input/Output IPCS: Integrated Personal Computer Server (Hardware) IO: Internal Objects (Software) (Microsoft) IPD: Intelligent Printer Data IOC: Input/Output Controller IPDS: Ibm Personal Dictation System (IBM) IOC: Inter-Office Channel IPDS: Intelligent Printer Data Stream IOCC: Input/Output Controller Chip (IBM)

IOCC: Input/Output Channel Converter IPDU: Internet Protocol Data Unit

IOCCC: International Obfuscated C Code IPDVMRP: Internet Protocol Distance Contest Vector Multicast Routing Protocol IOCP: Inter-Orb Communication Protocol IPE: Integrated Programming Environment (Communication) IPF: Information Presentation Facility IOCS: Input/Output Control System IPFC: Information Presentation Facility IOCtl: Input/Output ConTroL Compiler (IBM) IONL: Internal Organization of the Network Layer IPI: Internet Policy Institute The ISO/OSI standard for the architecture of the network layer. (Organizations) I The IONL divides the network layer into subnetworks IPI: Intelligent Peripheral Interface interconnected by convergence protocols (internetworking A device-generic interface used for large-capacity, high- protocols), resulting in a catenet or internet (Organizations) performance disks. The IPI supports disk transfer rates at IOP: Input/Output Processor 3Mbyte/sec and above (Hardware) (Hardware) IPL: Initial Program Load IOPL: Input/Output Privilege Level Boot program (Software)

IOR: Interoperable Object Reference IPL: Information Programming Language

IOS: InterOrganizational System IPL: Projection Lithography

IOS: Input/Output System ipm: Interruptions Per Minute

IOS: Internet Operating System ipm: Instructions Per Minute (Operating systems) IPM: InterPersonal Message IOSGA: Input/Output Support Gate Array IPM: Internet Protection Module IOUG: International Oracle Users Group (Network)

IP: Intelligent Peripheral IPM: Intelligent Power Module (Hardware) IP: Information Provider IPM: Images Per Minute

IP: Internet Protocol IPMI: Intelligent Platform Management The major network layer protocol in the Internet Protocol suite. Interface IP describes the routing of packets, among its many tasks (Hardware) (Network) IP: Instruction Pointer IPMI: Internet Protocol Multicast Initiative (Network) CPU register (Hardware) (Intel) IP: Intellectual Property IPNG: Internet Protocol Next Generation (Network) IPBF: Installed Peripheral Base Flexibility IPO: International Purchasing Office

IPC: InterProcess Communication IPO: Initial Public Offering The process of sharing data between processes and, when necessary, coordinating access to the shared data (Operating IPO: Input, Processing and Output systems) IPC: Instructions Per Clock IPP: Internet Printing Protocol (Network) IPCE: InterProcess Communication IPS: Information Processing Standards Environment IPCP: Internet Protocol Control Protocol IPS: In-Plane Switching (Network) (Hardware)

Page 72 of 161 ips: Inches Per Second IRS: Internal Revenue Service (Hardware) IRSG: Internet Research Steering Group IPSE: Integrated Project Support Environment IRTF: Internet Research Task Force IPSec: Internet Protocol SECurity The task force of the Internet Activities Board that addresses research and development of the Internet Protocol suite A set of protocols that give greater IP-level security to data (Organizations) packets transmitted over Virtual Private Networks IRTOS: I2o Real Time Operating System IPTC: International Press (Operating systems) Telecommunications Council IRTP: Internet Reliable Transaction Protocol IPv: Internet Protocol, Version (Communication) IRX: Information Retrieval eXperiment IPX: Internetwork Packet eXchange IS: Information System (Network) (Novell) IPX/SPX: Internet Packet IS: Interrupt Status eXchange/Sequenced Packet eXchange IS-IS: Intermediate-System to IPXODI: Internet Packet eXchange Open Intermediate-System Datalink Interface The ISO/OSI protocol by which intermediate systems exchange routing information IQL: Interactive Query Language ISA: Interactive Services Association IR: Interface Repository ISA: Industry Standard Architecture IR: Instruction Register PC bus architecture (Hardware) I (Hardware) ISA: Internet Server Application IR: InfraRed (Software) IRAM: Intelligent Random Access Memory ISA: Instruction-Set Architecture (Hardware) ISAKMP: Internet Security Association Key IRC: Interrupt Request Controller Management Protocol (Hardware) (Network) IRC: Internet Relay Chat ISAM: Indexed Sequential Access Method (Network) ISAPI: Internet Server Application IRD: Integrated Receiver/Descrambler Programming Interface IrDA: InfraRed Data Association (Software) (Microsoft) (Organizations) ISBN: International Standard Book Number IRDS: Information Resource Dictionary ISC: Internet Service Center System IRET: Interrupt RETurn ISC: Inter-System Communication (IBM) IRF: Interger Register File ISC: Instruction Set Computer IRF: Inheritance Rights Filter ISCA: International Computing Security (Novell) Association IRF: Intermediate Routing Function (Organizations)

IRL: Inter-Repeater Link ISD: Instructional Systems Design

IRL: Interactive Reader Language ISD: Image Section Descriptor

IrLAN: InfraRed Local Area Network ISDN: Integrated Services Digital Network A communications technology offered by telephone carriers IrLAP: InfraRed Link Access Protocol worldwide. ISDN combines voice anddigital network services in (Communication) a single medium, offering customers digital data services and voice connections through a single wire (Communication) IRLED: InfraRed Light Emitting Diode ISDN-UP: Integrated Services Digital IrLMP: InfraRed Link Management Protocol Network User Part (Communication) ISE: Integrated Software Engineering IRM: Information Resource Management (ISE) ISFUG: Integrated Software Federal User IRM: Inherent Rights Mask Group IRQ: Interrupt ReQuest ISH: Information Super Highway A signal that a device requires CPU attention (Hardware)

Page 73 of 161 ISI: Information Sciences Institute ISQL: Interactive Structured Query Language ISI: Internally Specified Index ISR: Interrupt Status Register ISIS: Image and Scanner Interface Standard ISR: Interrupt Service Routine (Operating systems) ISIS: Integrated Systems and Information Services ISR: Information Storage and Retrieval ISKM: Internet Starter Kit for the Macintosh ISS: Internet Security System (Network) ISL: Interactive System Language ISSCC: International Solid State Circuits ISLM: Integrated Services Line Module Conference

ISLN: Integrated Services Local Network ISSN: Integrated Special Services Network

ISLU: Integrated Services Line Unit ISSN: International Standard Serial Number

ISM: Industrial, Scientific, Medical IST: Immerse System Technology Radio frequency band (Communication) IST: Initial System Test ISM: Integrated Switch Module (Hardware) IST: Intelligent Scanning Technology ISM: Integrated Service Module ISUP: Integrated Services User Part (Hardware) ISV: Independent Software Vendor I ISM: Internet Service Manager A third-party software developer (Software) (Microsoft) IT: Information Technology ISMF: Interactive Storage Management Facility ITA: Interim Type Approval

ISN: Internet Shopping Network ITAA: Information Technology Association of America ISN: Information Systems Network (Organizations) ISN: Internet Services Network ITB: Information Technology Branch

ISN-LAN: Information System Network- ITB: Intermediate Text Block Local Area Network ISO: Independent System Operator ITC: International Corporation

ISO: International Standards Organization ITDI: Information Technology Pioneer International An international standards body that reviews and approves independently designed products for use within specific ITE: Information Technology Equipment industries. ISO also develops standards for information exchange, such as the ISO/OSI model for computer networks ITF: Interactive Test Facility (Organizations) ISO/OSI: International Standardization ITLB: Instruction Tanslation Look-aside Organization/Open Systems Buffer Interconnection ITM: Information Technology Management

ISOC: the Internet SOCiety ITMS: Immediate check Truth Maintenance ISOC: Internet SOCiety System ITN: Internet Travel Network ISODE: International Standardization Organization Development Environment ITN: Identification Tasking and Networking

ISP: Integrated System Peripheral control ITP: Information Technology Project

ISP: Interactive String Processor ITR: Internet Talk Radio

ISP: Interrupt Status Port ITS: Incompatible Time-sharing System

ISP: Interrupt Stack Pointer ITS: Intelligent Transportation System

ISP: Internet Service Provider ITSEC: Information Technology Security Communications service company that provides Internet Evaluation Criteria access and services to its customers. ISPs range in size from small independents serving a local calling area to large, ITSO: International Technical Support established telecommunications companies (Network) Organization ISPF: Interactive System Programming (IBM) Facility

Page 74 of 161 ITU: International Telecommunications IXC: IntereXchange Carrier Union (Communication) International organization under the auspices of the United IXF: Integration eXchange Format Nations that develops radio (ITU-R) and telecommunications (ITU-T) standards. Prior to 1993, the ITU-T Standardization (IBM) Sector was known as the CCITT (Organizations) ITU-T: International Telecommunications Union Technical standards group ITU-TIES: International Telecommunications Union -Telecom Information Exchange Services ITU-TSS: International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunication Standards Section ITUG: International Telecommunications User Group ITUSA: Information Technology Users Standards Association ITV: Interactive TeleVision

ITX: Intermediate Text Block IU: Integer Unit I IUAP: Internet User Account Provider

IUAP: Internet User Account Provider

IUMA: Internet Underground Music Archive

IUS/ITB: Interchange Unit Separator/Intermediate Transmission Block IV: Initialisation Vector

IV&V: Independent Verification & Validation

IVC: Integrated Visual Computing (SGI) IVDS: Integrated Voice and Data Systems

IVDT: Integrated Voice/Data Terminal

IVIS: Interactive Video Information System

IVIT: Intelligent Voice Interactive Technology IVL: Independent Vendor League

IVL: Intel Verification Lab

IVR: Interactive Voice Response

IVS: Interactive Videodisk System

IVT: InfoViewer Titles (Microsoft) IVT: Interrupt Vector Table

IVTS: International Video Teleconferencing Service IW: Information Warehouse

IWC: Inside Wire Cable

IWF: InterWorking Function

IWS: Intelligent WorkStation

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Page 76 of 161 J

J/K: Just Kidding JE: Jump if Equal (Messages) JEDEC: Joint Electronic Devices Engineering J2EE: Java 2 platform, Enterprise Edition Council (Software) (Sun) JEIDA: Japanese Electronics Industry J2ME: Java 2 platform, Micro Edition Development Association (Software) (Sun) JEPI: Joint Electronic Payment Initiative J2SE: Java 2 platform, Standard Edition (Software) (Sun) JES: Job Entry System JA: Jump Address JET: Joint Engine Technology (Databases) (Microsoft) JA: Jump if Above JFC: Java Foundation Classes JAAS: Java Authentication and (Software) Authorization Service JFET: Junction Field Effect Transistor (Software) (Sun) JAD: Joint Application Development JFIF: Jpeg File Interchange Format

JADE: Jasmine Application Development JFS: Journalized File System Environment (Operating systems) (Databases) (CAI) JG: Jump if Greater J JAE: Jump if Above or Equal JGE: Jump if Greater or Equal JAF: Javabeans Activation Framework JGF: Java Graphics Format (Sun) JANET: Joint Academic NETwork JIPS: Janet Internet Protocol Service A U.K. university network (Network) JIS: Japan Industrial Standard JAR: Java Archive JISC: Japanese Industrial Standards JAWS: Jamming And Warning System Committee (Hardware) JIT: Just In Time JBCL: Java Beans Component Library (Software) JITC: Just In Time Compiler JBE: Jump if Below or Equal JL: Jump if Less

JBOD: Just a Bunch Of Disks JLE: Japanese Language Environment (Hardware) JLE: Jump if Less than or Equal to JBPC: Java-Based Pipeline Configurator JLIP: Joint Level Interface Protocol JC: Jump if Carry set JMAPI: Java Management Application JCE: Java Cryptography Extension Programming Interface (Software) (Sun) (Sun) JCL: Job Control Language JMF: Java Media Framework (Software) (Software) (Sun) JCP: Java Community Process JMP: JuMP

JCT: Joint Technical Committee JMS: Java Message Service (Organizations) JDBC: Java DataBase Connectivity JMSC: Japanese Midi Standard Committee (Databases) JMX: Java Management eXtension JDC: Java Developer Connection Formerly known as LMAPI (Sun) (Sun) JNA: Jump if Not Above JDI: Java Driver Interface JNAE: Jump if Not Above or Equal JDJ: Java Developer's Journal JNB: Jump if Not Below JDK: Java Development Kit JNBE: Jump if Not Below or Equal (Software) (Sun)

Page 77 of 161 JNDI: Java Naming and Directory Interface JSP: Java Service Pages (Sun) (Software) JNG: Jump if Not Greater JSS: Javascript Style Sheet

JNGE: Jump if Not Greater or Equal JSSE: Java Secure Socket Extension (Software) (Sun) JNI: Java Native Interface (Sun) JST: Japan Standard Time Timezone: GMT +9:00 JNLE: Jump if Not Less or Equal JSWDK: JavaServer Web Development Kit JNO: Jump if No Overflow (Software) (Sun)

JNP: Jump if No Parity JTA: Java Transaction Api (Sun) JNS: Jump if No Sign JTAPI: Java Telephony Application JNZ: Jump if Not Zero Programming Interface (Sun) JOE: Java Objects Everywhere JTB: Jump Trace Buffer JOHNNIAC: JOHn Neumann Integrator and JTC: Joint Technical Committee Automatic Computer JOOP: Journal of Object Orientated JTM: Job Transfer and Manipulation Programming JTMS: Justification based Truth JOSS: Joint Object Services Submission Maintenance System

JOSS: Johnniac Open Shop System JTS: Java Transaction Service

J JOVE: Jonathan's Own Version of Emacs JUGHEAD: Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display JOVIAL: Jules Own Version of the JUNET: Japan Unix NETwork International Algorithmic Language JPE: Jump if Parity Even JVM: Java Virtual Machine

JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group JVMDI: Java Virtual Machine Debugger A joint venture of the CCITT and ISO that developed a standard Interface for compressing gray-scale or color still images JVMPI: Java Virtual Machine Profiler JPL: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Interface JVS: Java Validation Suite JPLDIS: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Display Information System (Software) JPO: Jump if Parity Odd JWS: Java (Sun) JRB: Java Relational Binding JZ: Jump if Zero (Software) JRE: Java Runtime Environment (Software) JRI: Java Runtime Interface Native interface proposed by Netscape (Software) (Netscape) JRMP: Java Remote Method Protocol (Software) JRP: Joint Requirement Planning

JS: Jump if Sign

JS: JavaScript (Software) (Netscape) JSA: Japanese Standards Association

JSC: Java Swing Connection (Sun) JSCP: Java Software CoProcessor

JSDK: Java Servlet Development Kit (Software)

Page 78 of 161 K k: Kilo KJS: Kiva Java Server Prefix for 1000 or 1024 (Software) (Netscape) KAM: Keep Alive Memory KNI: Katmai New Instruction (Intel) KAS: Kiva Administrative Server KPCMS: Kodak Precision Color Management (Software) (Netscape) System kb: KiloBit (Software) (Kodak) KB: Knowledge Base KPDL: Page Description Language (Hardware) kB: KiloByte KPI: Kernel Programming Interface KB: KeyBoard KQML: Knowledge Query and Manipulation (Hardware) Language KBD: KeyBoarD KRS: Knowledge Retrieval System KBE: Knowledge Based Engineering KSDS: Key Sequenced Data Set kbps: KiloBits Per Second KSH: Korn SHell Transfer Speed (Communication) kBps: KiloBytes Per Second KSPH: KeyStrokes Per Hour Transfer Speed (Communication) KSR: Keyboard Send Receive KBS: Knowledge-Based System (Hardware) K KCS: Kiva C++ Server KVM: Keyboard, Video, Mouse (Software) (Netscape) (Hardware) KCS: Kansas City Standard KVM: K Virtual Machine Recording standard (Hardware) KWIC: Key Word In Context KDC: Key Distribution Center A permuted index offering lists of titles, with each of the major words as the first word, and the remaining words using key KDE: K Desktop Environment words or phrases KDT: Key Definition Table KXS: Kiva eXecutive Server (Software) (Netscape) KEFIR: KEy FIndings Reporter

KERMIT: Kl-10 Error-free Reciprocal Micro Interconnect over Tty lines KES: Key Escrow System

KFM: K

KFX: KoFaX File Format for fax transmission KHG: Kernel Hacking Guide

KHz: KiloHertZ

KIF: Knowledge Interchange Format

KIPS: Kilo Instruction Per Second Processing speed KIR: Kyocera Image Refinement (Hardware) KIS: Knowbot Information Service

KISS: Keep It Simple, Stupid

KIT: Kernel software for Intelligent Terminals

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Page 80 of 161 L

L&F: Look & Feel LATA: Local Access and Transport Area

L&H: Lernout And Hauspie LATM: Local Asynchronous Transfer Mode

L1: Level 1 LAVC: Local Area Vax Cluster (Hardware) LAWN: Local Area L2: Level 2 (Hardware) LB: Local bus Bus architecture (Hardware) L2F: Layer 2 Forwarding LBA: Logical Block Addressing L2TP: Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (Network) LBL: LaBeL LA: Limited Availability LBM: Local Bus Master

LADDR: LAyered Device DRiver LBOT: Logical Beginning of Tape (Microsoft) (Hardware) LADT: Local Access Data Transport LBR: LiBraRian

LALL: Longest Allowed Lobe Length LBT: Local Bus Targets

LAM: Local Area Multicomputer LBT: Listen Before Talk

LAN: Local Area Network LBX: Low-Band with X Data communications network connecting computers and related equipment, usually over an area not greater than 10 km LBX: Local Bus Accelerator (Network) LC: Liquid Crystal LAN: Local Access Network L (Hardware) LANACS: Local Area Network Asynchronous LCA: Logic Cell Array Connection Server LCA: Life-Cycle Assessment LANCE: Local Area Network Controller Ethernet LCA: Lotus Communications Architecture LANDP: Local Area Network Distributed (Lotus) Platform LCC: Leadless Chip Carrier LANE: Local Area Network Emulation (Hardware) A set of services and protocols that provide for the emulation of LCCM: LanClient Control Manager LANs, using ATM as a backbone to allow connectivity among (IBM) LAN and ATM attached end stations (Network) LCD: Loss of Cell Delineation LAP: Link Access Procedure Communication protocol (CCITT X.25) (Communication) LCD: Lowest Common Denominator LAP-B: Link Access Procedure-Balanced LCD: Liquid Crystal Display LAPD: Link Access Procedure-D channel (Hardware) Communication protocol (Communication) LCF: Lightweight Client Framework LAPM: Link Access Procedure for Modems LCF: Low Cost Fiber LAPS: Lan Adapter and Protocol Support Lch: Luminance Chrominance Hue LAR: Load Access Rights Color model (Hardware) LCID: Language Code IDentifier LASER: Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation LCID: LoCale IDentifier LASS: Local Area Signaling Service LCK: Library Construction Kit LASTport: Local Area Storage TransPORT (Microsoft) Protocol (DEC) LCM: Leaf Creation Method LAT: Local Access Terminal LCM: Landesk Configuration Manager LAT: Local Area Transport (Operating systems) (Intel) (Network)

Page 81 of 161 LCN: Logical Cluster Number LEC: Layered Error Correction (Operating systems) LEC: Lan Emulation Client LCOS: Liquid Crystal On Silicon (Network) (Hardware) LEC: LCP: Link Control Protocol Part of the point-to-point protocol (PPP) to establish, configure, LED: Light Emitting Diode and test data link connections (Network) (Hardware) LCR: Least Cost Routing LEL: Link, Embed and Launch-to-edit (Network) (Lotus) LCR: Line Control Register LEM: Language Extension Module

LCS: Lotus Communication Server LEN: Low Entry Networking

LCS: Laboratory for Computer Science LEO: Low Earth Orbit MIT's department LEOT: Logical End Of Tape LCSD: Laminate Chip Signal Diode (Hardware) LCT: Last Compliance Time LEP: Light Emitting Polymer (Hardware) LCU: Last Cluster Used LES: Language Engineering Services LD: Laser Disc (Hardware) LES: Lan Emulation Server (Network) LDA: Logical Device Address LEX: LEXicon LDAP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LF: Login Facility A standardized TCP/IP protocol for access to a central X.500- based directory that is shared by many different services. Many LF: Line Feed vendors plan to use LDAP to access policy information stored An instruction to a certain computer or printer to move down on third-party directories (Network) one line, without moving the cursor or print head. Also used as L a terminator LDC: Lotus Development Corporation LFAP: Lightweight Flow Admission Protocol LDCM: LanDesk Client Manager LFH: Low Force Helix LDDS: Long Distance Discount Services Connector pin type (Hardware)

LDGW: Lotus Domino Go Webserver LFI: Last File Indicator (Software) (IBM) LFN: LDI: Lvds Digital Interface (Hardware) LFR: Logical Forms Recognition (Software) LDIF: Ldap Data Interchange Format LFS: Loopback File System LDM: Long Distance Modem LFT: Low Function Terminal LDMS: LanDesk Management Suite (IBM)

LDP: Loader Debugger Protocol LFU: Least Frequently Used

LDP: Linux Document Project LGA: Leadless Grid Array

LDP: Label Distribution Protocol LGDT: Load Global Descriptor Table A fundamental concept in Multi Protocol Label Switching is that LGPL: Library General Public License two Label Switching Routers must agree on the meaning of the labels used to forward traffic between and through them LGX: Linux/Gnu/X (Network) LDT: Local Descriptor Table LIAS: Library Information Access System

LE: Less than or Equal LIB: LIBrary (Software) File name extension LE: Limited Edition LIC: Licensed Internal Code (Software) LIC: Line Interface Coupler LEA: Load Effective Address (IBM) LEAF: Law Enforcement Access Field LICS: Lotus International Character Set

LEAS: Lata Equal Access System

Page 82 of 161 LIDE: Light emitting diode In-Direct LLN: Line Link Network Exposure Scanner technology (Hardware) (Canon) LLNL: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LIDT: Load Interrupt Descriptor Table (IBM) LIEP: Large Internet Exchange Packet LM: License Manager (Novell) LM: Lan Manager LIF: Low Insertion Force (Network) (IBM) LIF: Low Insertion Force LM/X: Lan Manager for uniX

LIFE: Logistics Interface For manufacturing LMB: Left Mouse Button Environment LMBCS: Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set LIFO: Last In First Out (Lotus) (Hardware) LMD: Last Modification Date LILO: LInux LOader LMDS: Local Multipoint Distribution System LILO: Last In Last Out (Communication) (Hardware) LME: Layer Management Entity LIM: Lotus/Intel/Microsoft LMI: Local Management Interface LIMA: Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/Ast LMI: Link Management Interface LIMDO: Light Intensity Modulation Direct Overwrite LMM: Logical Memory Manager LIMM: Light Intensity Modulation Method (Databases) (Sybase) LMS: Library Maintenance System LIMOS: Laser Intensity MOdulation System LMS: Lotus Messaging Switch LIMS: Library Information Management (Lotus) System LMS: Lick My S**k L LIP: Large Internet Packet (Messages) LIPS: Logical Instruction Per Second LMSW: Load Machine Status Word Processing Speed LMU: Lan Management Utilities LIPS: Logical Inferences Per Second (IBM) LIPS: Lightweight Internet Person Schema LMU: Lan Manager for Unix

LIR: Local Internet Registry : Load Number (Network) LN: Logarithm Natural LIS: Logical Ip Subnet Base e LIS: Library Information System LN:DI: Lotus Notes:Document Imaging

LISP: LISt Processor LNBF: Low-Noise Block receiving horns Programming language (Software) with integrated Feeds LITHP: LInk Type description language for (Communication) HyperText Processing LNK: LiNK LIU: Lan Interface Unit File name extension LOB: Low-Order Byte LIW: Long Instruction Word (Hardware) LOB: Line-Of-Business

LKG: Last Known Good LOB: Large OBject (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Databases) LLB: Local Location Broker LOC: Lines Of Code

LLC: Logical Link Control LOC: Loop Online Control Token Ring link protocol (IEEE 802.2) (Network) LLDT: Load Local Descriptor Table LOCIS: Library Of Congress Information System LLF: Low Level Format LOD: Level Of Detail

LLL: Low-Level Language LODSB: LOaD String Byte (Software)

Page 83 of 161 LOF: Loss of Frame LPP: Licensed Program Product

LOFS: LOopback File System LPP: Land Pre-Pits A file system type that lets the user create a new virtual file Addressing aid in writing DVD-R (Hardware) system. The user can access files using an alternative path name (Operating systems) LPR: Line Printer Remote LOG: LOGarithm LPS: Low Power Schottky Base 10 (Hardware) LOL: Laugh Out Loud lps: Lines Per Second (Messages) Printing speed (Hardware) LON: Local Operating Network LPT: Line PrinTer (Hardware) LOOPE: LOOP while Equal LPWA: Lucent Personalized Web Assistant LOOPNE: LOOP while Not Equal Anonymous web browsing service

LOOPNZ: LOOP while Not Zero LQ: Letter Quality

LOOPS: Lisp Object Oriented Programming LQM: Link Quality Monitoring System LR: Logical Record LOOPZ: LOOP while Zero LR: Link Register LOP: Loss of Pointer LRC: Longitudinal Redundancy Check LORE: Line Oriented Editor LRC: Local Register Cache LOS: Loss of Signal LRL: Least Recently Loaded LOTOS: Language Of Temporal Order Specification LRM: Least Recently used Master LOV: List Of Values LRM: Language Reference Manual L LP: Logical Partition LRPC: Lightweight Remote Procedure Call (Software) LP: Linear Programming LRS: Line Repeater Station LPAR: Logical Partition (Operating systems) (IBM) LRS: Language ReSource File name extension LPAR: Logic Programming and Automated Reasoning LRU: Least Recently Used LPB: Local Peripheral Bus : Laser Servo (Hardware) (Compaq) LPB: Low Ping Bastard Network multiplayer games attribute (Software) LSA: Lan and Scsi Adapter (IBM) LPC: Linear Predictive Coding LSA: Local Security Authority LPC: Lightweight Procedure Call (Microsoft) (Software) LSA: Line Sharing Adapter LPC: Local Procedure Call LSAPI: License Services Application LPCM: Linear Pulse Code Modulation Programming Interface (Communication) LSB: Least Significant Bit (or Byte) LPD: Line Printer Daemon LSC: Least Significant Character LPDP: Line Printer Daemon Protocol LSD: Least Significant Digit LPF: League for Programming Freedom LSE: Language Sensitive Editor LPI: Lines Per Inch LSI: Large Scale of Integration LPL: Lotus Programming Language IC manufacturing integration level: it's the process of placing (Lotus) from 3,000 to 100,000 transistors on one chip (Hardware) LPM: Logical Process Manager LSL: Link Support Layer (Databases) (Sybase) LSL: Load Segment Limit lpm: Lines Per Minute Printing speed (Hardware) LSMS: Lucent Security Management Server (Lucent) LPN: Logical Page Number

Page 84 of 161 LSN: Logical Sector Number LYLAS: Love You Like A Sister (Messages) LSN: Log Sequence Number LZ: Lempel-Ziv LST: Linux Support Team LZ: Landing Zone LST: LiST (Hardware) File name extension LZS: Lempel-Ziv-Stac LT: Less Than Compression algorithm (Software) LZW: Lempel-Ziv-Welch LTC: Longitudinal Time Code Compression algorithm

LTE: Line Terminating Equipment

LTO: Linear Tape Open (Hardware) LTPS: Low-Temperature PolySilicon (Hardware) LTR: Load Task Register

LTR: LeTteR

LTR: Left-To-Right

LTS: Leaning Toothpick Syndrome Expresses readability in PERL regular expressions (Software) LTSS: Long Term Station Statistics

LU: Logical Unit

LU6.2: Logical Unit 6.2 LUA: Logical Unit Application L LUG: Local Users Group

LUI: Local User Input

LUIS: Library User Information Service

LUN: Logical Unit Number SCSI subaddressing (Hardware) LUNI: Lane User Network Interface

LUT: LookUp Table

LUW: Logical Unit of Work

LV: Logical Volume (IBM) LVCS: Logility Value Chain Solution (Software) LVD: Low Voltage Differential (Hardware) LVDS: Low Voltage Differential Signalling (Hardware) LVM: Logical Volume Management (IBM) LW: Lazy Write

LW: Length Width

LWP: Lotus WordPro File format for documents LWP: LightWeight Process A class of processes that share resources with each other and therefore use fewer resources than ordinary processes (Operating systems)

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Page 86 of 161 M m: Milli MAOS: Multiple Application Operating Prefix for 10 power -3 System (Operating systems) M: Mega Prefix for 1000 (or 1024) power 2 MAP: Mobile Application Part mA: Milliampere MAP: Migration Assistance Program

MAB: Multi-Architecture Binary MAP: Manufacturing Automation Protocol (Software) MAP: Maintenance Analysis Procedures MABO: Multiplier-Arithmetic BOlton MAP: Memory Allocation Map MAC: Multiplexed Analog Component A color standard that transmits three color components in time- MAP/TOP: Manufacturing Automation compressed serial analog form (Hardware) Protocol Technical Office Protocol MAC: Media Access Control MAPE: Mean Absolute Percentage Error (Network) MAPI: Messaging Application Programming MAC: Multiply ACcumulate Interface CPU instruction type (Microsoft) MAC: Multiple Access Computers MAPICS: Manufacturing, Accounting and MAC: Message Authentication Code Production Information Control System (IBM) MAC: MACro MAPS: Mcis Administration and File name extension Provisioning Service MACH: Multilayer ACtuator Head (Microsoft) (Epson) MAPS: Mail Abuse Prevention System MACS: Modem Access Control System MAR: Memory Address Register M MADD: Multiply-ADD (Hardware) CPU instruction type MARC: Multitechnology Automated Reader MADE: Manufacturing and Automated Card Design Engineering MARC: MAchine Readable Cataloging MADYMO: MAthematical DYnamic MOdeling MARS: Multicast Address Resolution Server MAE: Macintosh Application Environment (Network) MAE: Merit Access Exchange MARVEL: Machine-Assisted Realization of the Virtual Electronic Library MAE: Metropolitan Area Ethernet MAS: Microsoft Authorized Support MAGIC: Multi-dimensional Applications (Microsoft) Gigabit Internetworking Consortium MASM: Macro ASseMbler (Organizations) (Software) (Microsoft) MAGMA: Minimal Architecture for MASS: Maximum Availability and Support Generalized Markup Applications Subsystem mAh: MilliAmpere per Hour MAT: Maintenance Access Terminal

MAI: Multiple Applications Interface MathML: MATHematical Markup Language

MAJC: Microprocessor Architecture for Java MAU: Medium Attachment Unit Computing (Sun) MAU: Multistation Access Unit

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network MAU: Media Access Unit Between a LAN and WAN in size and scope (Network) MAVDM: Multiple Application Virtual Dos MAN: MANual Machine File name extension MAW: Microsoft At Work MANIAC: Mathematical Analyzer Numerical Integrator And Computer MAX: MAXimum

Page 87 of 161 MAX: MAssively parallel uniX MCIS: Microsoft Commercial Internet System MB: MotherBoard (Network) (Microsoft) (Hardware) MCL: Microsoft Compatibility Labs Mb: MegaBit (Microsoft) MB: MegaByte MCM: MultiChip Module

MBASIC: Microsoft Beginners All-purpose MCN: Metropolitan Campus Network Symbolic Instruction Code (Microsoft) MCNE: Master Certified Novell Engineer (Novell) MBCS: Multi-Byte Character Set MCP: Multiport Communication Processor MBONE: Multicast backBONE (Network) MCP: Microsoft Certified Professional (Microsoft) Mbps: MegaBits Per Second Transfer speed (Communication) MCP: Master Control Program MBps: MegaBytes Per Second MCP: Myrinet Control Program Transfer Speed (Communication) (Network) MBQ: Message-Based Queueing MCP/AS: Master Control Program/Advanced System MBR: MCPC: Multi Channel Per Carrier MBS: Maximum Burst Size MCPS: Microsoft Certified Product Specialist MBX: MailBoX (Microsoft)

MC: Model Coordinates MCR: Maximum Cell Rate The coordinate system used for describing a single object (a MCR: Modem Control Register graphics entity). When each object is described in its own model coordinate space, all are mapped to one world MCS: Multichannel Communications System coordinate space MC-PGA: Metallized Ceramic - Pin Grid Array MCS: Material Control System

M MC-QFP: Metallized Ceramic - Quad Flat MCSD: Microsoft Certified Solution Pack Developer (Microsoft) MCA: Merchant Certification Authority erchant Certification Authority MCSE: Microsoft Certified System Engineer (Microsoft) MCA: Micro Channel Architecture Bus architecture (Hardware) (IBM) MCSP: Microsoft Certified Solution Provider (Microsoft) MCAD: Mechanical Computer Aided Design A specialized computer graphics market for the design of MCT: Microsoft Certified Trainer mechanical structures, such as automobiles, airplanes, and (Microsoft) their parts (Software) MCU: Multi-Chip Unit MCAV: Modified Constant Angular Velocity (DEC) MCB: Memory Control Block MCU: Multipoint Control Unit

MCBF: Mean Cycle Between Failure MCU: MicroController Unit

MCC: Manchester Computing Centre MCVA: Modified Constant Angular Velocity

MCC: Manchester Code Converter MD: Message Digest (Network) MCDBA: Microsoft Certified Database Administrator MD: Mini Disk (Microsoft) (Sony) MCF: Meta-Content Framework MD: Directory (Netscape) MD: Monochrome Display MCGA: MultiColor Graphic Adapter (Hardware) MDA: Medicated Digest Authentication MCI: Media Control Interface MDA: Monochrome Display Adapter (Hardware) MCI: Microwave Communications, Inc. Now MCI Communications corporation MDA: Market Development Agreement MDA: MultiDimensional Analysis

Page 88 of 161 MDAC: Microsoft Data Access Component MDT: Mechanical DeskTop (Databases) (Microsoft) MDT: Mountain Daylight Time MDB: Microsoft DataBase Timezone: GMT -7:00 File format (Databases) (Microsoft) MDX: MultiDimensional eXpression MDB: Multiple-Device Boot A diskette used to boot from a CD-ROM or from a network MDY: Month Day Year (Operating systems) ME: Motion Estimation MDBE: Microsoft DataBase Engine (Databases) (Microsoft) MEB: Memory Expansion Board

MDBMS: Multidimensional DataBase MEDAPE: MEDium Absolute Percentage Management System Error (Databases) MEL: Michigan Electronic Library MDD: Multidimensional Discrete Data (Databases) MEL: Multos Executable Language

MDDBMS: MultiDimensional DataBase MEM: MEMory Management System MDF: Menu Definition File MEMO: Multimedia Environment for MObiles File name extension MEMS: Micro ElectroMechanical System MDFE: Multilevel Decision Feedback (Hardware) (TI) Equalization MEO: Medium Earth Orbit (Hardware) MDI: Multiplex Device Interface MERCI: Multimedia European Research Conferencing Integration MDI: Multiple Document Interface MERS: Most Economic Route Selection (Microsoft) MDI: Medium Dependent Interface MES: Manufacturing Execution System

MDI: Memory Display Interface MESI: Modified, Exclusive, Shared and Invalid MDIC: Manchester Decoder and Interface MEST: Middle European Summer Time Chip Timezone: GMT +1:00 M (AT&T) MET: Middle European Time MDIS: Interchange Specification Timezone: GMT +1:00 MDK: Multimedia Developers Kit MET: Memory Enhancement Technology (Microsoft) (HP) MDL: Microstation Development Language MEWT: Middle European Winter Time Timezone: GMT +1:00 MDL: Method Definition Language MF: Multi Frequency MDLP: Mobile Data Link Protocol MFC: Microsoft Foundation Classes MDLS: Member Digital Library Subscription (Software) (Microsoft) MDM: Membership DIrectory Manager MFC: MultiFunction Center (Microsoft) (Hardware) MDR: Memory Data Register MFC&T: Microsoft Foundation Classes & (Hardware) Templates (Software) (Microsoft) MDR: MicroDesign Resources MFENET: Magnetic Fusion Energy NETwork MDR: Minimum Design Requirement MFFS: Microsoft MDRAM: Multi-bank Dynamic Random (Microsoft) Access Memory MFI: MainFrame Interactive (Hardware) MDRC: Manufacturing Design Rule Checker MFI: Multifunction Interpreter

MDS: Manufacturing Design System MFIOP: MultiFunction Input/Output Processor MDS: Macintosh Development System (Hardware) (Software) (Apple) MFLOPS: Million Floating point Operation MDS: Microprocessor Development System Per Second (Software) A unit of measure of execution speed that rates the oating-point performance of a computer

Page 89 of 161 MFM: Modified Frequency Modulation MIC: Media Interface Connector Magnetic support read-write technology (Hardware) MIC: Macro Interpretative Command MFP: MultiFunctional Peripheral (Hardware) MIC: Message Integrity Check

MFPI: MultiFunction Peripheral Interface MIC: Market Intelligence Center

MFS: Field Search MICE: Modular Integrated Communications Environment MFS: (Operating systems) (Apple) MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

MFS: Modified Filing System MICS: Macro Interpretive Commands (Operating systems) MID: Message IDentifier MFS: Message Format Service MIDAS: Multi-tIer Distributed Application MFS: Memory File System Service MFT: Master File Table (Inprise) Table containing NT's file system structure (Operating systems) MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface (Microsoft) A note-oriented control language for specifying music. MIDI MFT: Multiprogramming with a Fixed data consists of codes specifying notes and timing. These number of Tasks codes can be generated by or output to MIDI-compatible devices, such as keyboards or synthesizers (Hardware) MFTP: Multicast File Transfer Protocol MIDL: Microsoft Interface Definition MFU: Most Frequently Used Language (Microsoft) MGA: Matrox Graphics Adapter MIF: Module Interconnection Facility MGA: Monochrome Graphics Adapter MIF: Management Information File (Hardware) MGCP: Media Gateway Control Protocol MIF: Minimum Internetworking (Communication) Functionality MGDI: Multiplatform Graphics Device MIF: Management Information Format Interface M MIFST: Microsoft Internet Finance Server (Operating systems) (Microsoft) Toolkit MGE: Modular Gis Environment (Network) (Microsoft) MGET: Multiple GET MIG: Metal In Gap

MGML: Minimal Generalized Markup MII: Media-Independent Interface Language A 40-pin miniature-D connector that provides the electrical interface between some Sun systems and 10BASE-T or MGR: ManaGeR 100BASE-T Ethernet network transceivers (Hardware) (Sun) MH: Modified Huffman MII: Microsoft/IBM/Intel

MHDL: Mimic Hardware Description MIL: Machine Interface Layer Language MILNET: MILitary NETwork MHEG: Multimedia and Hypermedia Originally part of the ARPANET, MILNET was partitioned in information coding Expert Group 1984 to provide military installations with reliable network service, while the ARPANET continued to be used for research MHPCC: Maui High Performance Computing (Network) Center MIM: Metal-Insulator-Metal MHS: Message Handling System (Hardware) MHz: MegaHertZ MIM: Map Image Metafile

MI: Multiple Inheritance MIMD: Multiple Instruction Multiple Data (Software) MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail MI: Management Interface Extensions (Network) MI/MIC: Mode Indicate/Mode Indicate Common MIN: MINimum

MIB: Management Information Base MIN: Mobile Identification Number

MIB: Multimedia Integration Box MIND: Microsoft INteractive Developer (Siemens-Nixdorf) Microsoft magazine for Web developers (Microsoft)

Page 90 of 161 MINT: Mint Is Not Tos MMA: Microcomputer Managers Association

MINUET: Minnesota INternet Users MMC: Midi Machine Control Essential Tools MMC: MultiMedia Comands MINX: Multimedia Information Network eXchange MMC: Microcomputer Marketing Council

MIO: Memory Input/Output MMC: Microsoft Management Console MIP: Mixed Integer Programming (Microsoft) MMC: Microsoft Media Console MIPS: Microprocessor without Interlocked (Microsoft) Piped Stages MMC: Matched Memory Cycle MIPS: Million Instructions Per Second A unit of measure of execution speed that rates the MMCD: MultiMedia Compact Disk performance of a computer CPU (Hardware) MIR: Micro-Instruction Register MMCD-E: MultiMedia Compact Disk-Erasable

MIS: Management Information System MMCX: MultiMedia Communication Exchange

MIS: Multimedia Information Sources MMDS: Multichannel Multipoint Distribution Service MISC: MISCellaneous (Communication) MISF: Microsoft Information Security MMI: Man-Machine Interface Framework (Microsoft) MMIS: Materials Manager Information System MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology MML: Maker Macro Language MIX: Member Information eXchange MMM: Mobile Media Mode MJ: Modular Jack MMO: Mobile MOdule MJD: Modified Julian Date (Hardware) (Intel) MKDIR: MaKe DIRectory MMPM: MultiMedia Presentation Manager M MKS: Mortice Kern Systems MMPM/2: MultiMedia Presentation Manager 2 ML: Machine Language MMR: Modified Modified Read ML: Meta Language MMS: Maximum Message Size MLAPI: MultiLingual Application Programming Interface MMS: Merchant Management System MLC: MultiLayer Ceramic MMU: Memory Management Unit (Hardware) MLC: MultiLevel Cell MMVF: MultiMedia Video FIle MLE: Multi Language Environment (NEC)

MLE: MultiLine Entry field MMX: Matrix Manipulation eXtensions (Intel) MLE: MultiLine Editor MMX: MultiMedia eXtensions MLI: Multiple Link Interface (Intel) MNN: My Netscape Network MLID: MultiLink Interface Driver MNOS: Metal Nitride Oxide Semiconductor MLM: Mailing List Manager MNP: Microcom Networking Protocol MLPPP: MultiLink Point-to-Point Protocol (Network) (Communication) MO: Managment Object MLS: MultiLevel Secure MO: Magneto-Optical MM: Mobile Management MO-WORM: Magneto-Optical Write Once MM: MultiMedia Read Many MM: Management Module MO:DCA: Mixed Object Document Content Architecture MMA: Midi Manufacturer Association MOB: Memory-Order Buffer

Page 91 of 161 MOC: Microsoft Official Curriculum MOVS: /Vba Solution (Microsoft) (Microsoft) MOD: Magneto-Optical Disk MOVS: MOVe String

MOD: MODulus MP: Master Plan Reminder of the integer division MP: Massively Parallel MOD: Microsoft Office 2000 Developer (Software) (Microsoft) MP: MultiProtocol

MODEM: MOdulator/DEModulator MP: Multilink Ppp MOHLL: Machine Oriented High Level (Communication) Language MP: MicroProcessor

MOLAP: Multidimensional On-Line MP: Multi Processor Analytical Processing A computer using two or more nearly equal processing units MOM: Message-Oriented Middleware under integrated control (Hardware) MP+: Multichannel Protocol Plus MOM: Microsoft Office Manager (Network) (Ascend) (Microsoft) MP3: MPeg layer 3 MOM: Manufacturing Operations Sound encoding format (Software) Management MPA: Memo Pad Archive MOMA: Message-Oriented Middleware Filename extension Association (Organizations) MPC: Multimedia Personal Computer Multimedia specifications MONET: Multiwavelength Optical NETwork (Network) MPC: MultiPath Channel MOO: Mud, Object Oriented MPC+: MultiPath Channel Plus A client used to connect to a MUD (IBM) MOP: Maintenance Operations Protocol MPCC: MultiProtocol Communication (Network) Controller M MOPA: MultiProtocol Over Atm (Hardware) (Communication) MPCS: Mission Planning and Control Station MOPS: Million Operations Per Second MPDU: Message Protocol Data Unit MOS: Metal-Oxide Semiconductor MPE: Multi-Programming Executive Semiconductor manufacturing technology (Hardware) (HP) MOS: Mean Opinion Score MPEG: Motion Pictures Expert Group MOS: Magneto-Optic Storage A group that has developed standards for compressing moving pictures and audio data and for synchronizing video and audio MOSES: Massive Open Systems datastreams. Also, a file format Environment Standard MPI: Multiprocessor Interconnect Bus MOSFET: Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field- MPI: MultiPrecision Integer Effect Transistor (Hardware) MPI: Message Passing Interface MOSPF: Multicast Open Shortest Path First MPIF: Message Passing Interface Forum (Communication) MOSS: Mime Objects Security Services MPK: MultiProcessing Kernel (Operating systems) MOT: Multimedia Object Transfer MPL: Message Passing Library MOTD: Message Of The Day (IBM) MPLS: MultiProtocol Label Switching MOTIS: Message-Oriented Text An architecture on the IETF standards track for integrating a Interchange Systems mechanism for label-swapping with Layer 3 routing to MOUS: Micorsoft Office User Specialist accelerate packet forwarding (Network) (Microsoft) MPMD: Multiple Processor/Multiple Data MOV: MOVe MPOA: Multi-Protocol Over Atm MOV: MOVie An ATM Forum standard for the routing of multiple protocols across an ATM substrate. It enables ATM services to be Fileformat for movies (Apple) integrated with existing local-area networks that use Ethernet, MOV: Metal Oxide Varistor token-ring or TCP/IP protocols (Network)

Page 92 of 161 MPOW: Multiple Purpose Operator MRCI: Microsoft Real-time Compression Workstation Interface MPP: Massively Parallel Processing (Microsoft) MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging MPP: Message Processing Program A medical imaging technique used for image capture. Tissue area is simultaneously subjected to electromagnetic radiation MPP: Message Posting Protocol and a magnetic field MPPC: Microsoft Point-to-Point Compression MRM: Most Recently used Master (Network) (Microsoft) MRNET: Minnesota Regional NETwork MPPD: Multi Purpose Peripheral Device MRO: Multi-Region Operation MPQP: Multi-Protocol Quad Port (IBM) (IBM) MROC: Miniature Ruggedized Optical MPR: Multi-Protocol Routing Correlator (Network) (Hardware) MPR: MultiPart Repeater MRP: Manufacturing Resource Planning

MPS: MultiPage Signal MRP: Material Requirement Planning

MPS: Multiple Priority System MRPL: Main Ring Path Length (Network) MRS: Message Routing System MPS: MultiProcessor Specification (Communication) MPSX: Mathematical Programming System MRS: Media Recognition System eXtended MPT: MultiPort Transceiver MRS: Monitoring and Recovery Subsystem

MPTA: Multi Protocol Transport Architecture MRS: Micro Reflective Structure (Hardware) (Sharp) MPTN: Multi-Protocol Transport Network MRT: Mean Repair Time

MPTS: Multi-Protocol Transport Services MRU: Most Recently Used

MPTS/2: Multi Protocol Transport Services 2 MRU: Maximum Receive Unit M

MPU: MicroProcessor Unit MS: Mobile Station (Hardware) MS: MicroSoft MPW: Macintosh Programmer's Workshop (Software) (Apple) ms: MilliSecond MQ: Message Queuing Time measurement unit (Software) MS: Memory System MQH: Memory Queue Handler MS: Message Store On Sun server systems, the device on the system board that provides the interface between the system board SIMMs and MS-ISDN: Mobile Station Integrated the backplane XDBus (Hardware) (Sun) Services Digital Network number MQI: Message Queuing Interface MSA: Management Services Architecture (IBM) (IBM) MR: Modified Read MSACM: MicroSoft Audio Compression MR: Magneto-Resistive Manager Hard disk head technology (Hardware) (Microsoft) MR: Memory Read MSAU: Multi-Station Access Unit (Hardware) MSAV: MicroSoft Anti Virus MR: Modem Ready (Microsoft) MR-X: Magneto Resistive - eXtended MSB: Most Significant Bit (or Byte) (Hardware) MSBF: Mean Swaps Between Failures MRB: Method Request Broker MSC: MicroSoft C MRC: Mesh Router Chip (Network) MSC: Mobile Switching Center MRCF: Microsoft Realtime Compression MSCDEX: MicroSoft CD-rom EXtensions Format (Operating systems) (Microsoft)

Page 93 of 161 MSCE: MicroSoft Certified Engineer MSK: Minimum-Shift Keying (Microsoft) MSKB: MicroSoft Knowledge Base MSCHAP: MicroSoft Challenge Handshake (Microsoft) Authentication Protocol (Microsoft) MSL: Microsoft Software Library MSCM: Multiple Slots on Continuation MSL: Map Specification Library Mechanism MSL: Mirrored Server Link MSCP: Mass Storage Control Protocol MSMQ: MicroSoft Message Queue MSCS: MicroSoft Cluster Server (Network) (Microsoft) MSCT: MicroSoft Certified Trainer MSN: Multiple Subscriber Number (Microsoft) MSN: MicroSoft Network MSCTEC: MicroSoft Certified Technical (Network) (Microsoft) Education Center (Microsoft) MSNF: Multiple Systems Networking Facility MSD: Microsoft System Diagnostics MSO: Multiple-Systems Operator (Microsoft) MSP: Managed Service Provider MSD: Most Significant Digit MSP: MicroSoft Paint MSD: Mass Storage name extension (Microsoft) MSDA: MicroSoft Direct Access MSP: Message Security Protocol (Microsoft) (Network) MSDE: MicroSoft Databse Engine MSP: Messaging Service Provider (Software) (Microsoft) MSR: MicroSoft Research MSDK: Microsoft Solutions Development Kit (Microsoft) (Microsoft) MSRN: Mobile Station Roaming Number MSDN: Macintosh Software Distribution Network MSRP: Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price

M MSDN: MicroSoft Developer Network MSS: Managed Security Service (Microsoft) MSDOS: MicroSoft Disk Operating System MSS: Multiprotocol Switched Server (Hardware) (IBM) MSDR: Multiplexed Streaming Data Request MSS: Mass Storage Subsystem MSDS: MicroSoft Developer Support An early version of the Sun pedestal system (Hardware) (Sun) (Microsoft) MST: Mountain Standard Time MSEQ: MicroSoft English Query Timezone: GMT -7:00 (Databases) (Microsoft) MSTS: MicroSoft Terminal Server MSF: Microsoft Solutions Framework (Operating systems) (Microsoft) MSU: Millions of Service Units MSFC: Multilayer Switch Feature Card (Network) MSU: Modem Sharing Unit MSFP: Management Service Focal Point (Hardware) MSU: Media Server Unit MSFR: Minimum Security Function Requirements MSU: Mass Storage Unit (IBM) (Hardware) MSG: MeSsaGe MSVC: MicroSoft Visual C File name extension MSW: Machine Status Word MSI: Medium-Scale Integration The process of placing from 100 to 3,000 transistors on a chip MT: Machine Translation (Hardware) MSI: MicroSoft Installer MTA: Message Transfer Architecture (Software) (Operating systems) (Microsoft) MSIE: MicroSoft Internet Explorer MTA: An ISO/OSI application process that stores and forwards (Software) (Microsoft) messages in the X.400 message handling system. Compare MSJ: Microsoft Systems Journal with Internet mail agent Microsoft magazine (Microsoft) MTA: Multiple Terminal Access

Page 94 of 161 MTBB: Mean Time Between Breakdowns MTTR: Mean Time To Repair The average time required to bring an array storage subsystem MTBCF: Mean Time Between Critical Failures back to full fault tolerance. (Hardware) MTBF: Mean Time Between Failures MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit The average time a component can operate without a failure. The MTBF is the number of failures divided by the number of MUA: Mail User Agent hours the component has operated (Hardware) MUD: Multi-User Dialogue MTBJ: Mean Time Between Jams MUD: Multi-User Dungeon MTBRP: Mean Time Between Parts Multi-user interactive role-playing games on the Internet Replacement MUD: Multi-User Dimensions MTC: Midi Time Code Formerly, Multi-User Dungeon MTD: Memory Technology Drivers MUI: Multimedia User Interface

MTD: Month To Date MUL: MULtiply Time series function MULDEM: MULtiplexer-DEMultiplexer MTDA: Mean Time between Data Access The average time before non-redundant components fail, : MULTiplexed Information and causing data inaccessibility without loss or corruption. Computing Service (Hardware) MULTOS: MULTiapplication-card Operating MTDL: Mean time to Data Loss System The average time before the failure of an array component (Operating systems) causes data to be lost or corrupted. (Hardware) MUMBLE: Multi User Multicast Basic MTDT: Moscow Time Daylight Time Language Exchange Timezone: GMT +3:00 MUP: Multiple Unc Provider MTE: MuTating Engine (Network) MTF: Microsoft Tape Format MUSE: Multi-User Simulated Environment (Hardware) (Microsoft) MUT: Monitor Under Test MTF: Modulation Transfer Function MUX: MUltipleXer (Hardware) M MTFTP: Multicast Trivial File Transfer MUX: Multi-User eXperience Protocol (Network) : MilliVolt

MTH: Memory Translator Hub MVA: Multi-domain Vertical Alignment (Hardware) (Hardware) () MTI: Mips Technologies Inc. MVB: Multimedia Viewer Book

MTN: Mobile Telephone Network MVC: Model View Controller

MTP: Message Transfer Part MVC: Multimedia Viewer Compiler

MTRP: Maximum Transfer Rate Performance MVDM: Multiple Virtual DOS Machines

MTS: Message Telephone Service MVGA: Monochrome Video Graphics Array

MTS: Microsoft Transaction Server MVIF: Multi-Vendor Interacting Forum (Microsoft) MVIP: MultiVendor Integration Protocol MTS: Message Transfer System (Software) MVP: Multimedia Video Processor MTS: Multichannel Television Sound MVR: Multimedia Vehicle and Repository MTST: Moscow Time Standard Time (Software) (IBM) Timezone: GMT +3:00 MVS: Multiple Virtual Storage MTST: Magnetic Tape Selectric Typewriter IBM Mainframe operating system (IBM) (Hardware) (IBM) MVS/SP: Multiple Virtual Storage/System MTT: Multi-Transaction Timer Product MVS/XA: Multiple Virtual MTTD: Mean Time To Diagnose Storage/eXtended Architecture MTTF: Mean Time To Failure MVT: Multiprogramming with a Variable (Hardware) number of Tasks MTTFF: Mean Time To First Failure

Page 95 of 161 MW: Memory Write (Hardware) MW: MiddleWare

MWM: (Operating systems) MWS: Matsushita White Skipping

MX: Mail eXchanger

MXCC: Module Xbus Cache Controller On Sun server systems, a device located on the processor module that controls the ow of data between the XBus and the module cache RAM and processor chip (Hardware) (Sun) MXS: Microsoft eXchange Server (Microsoft) MZ: Mark Zbikowski DOS executable file header identifier MZR: Multiple Zone Recording

M

Page 96 of 161 N n: Nano NAS: Network Application Support Prefix for 10 power -9 (DEC) N-ISDN: National Integrated Services NAS: Network Access Server Digital Network (Network) N-ISDN: Narrowband Integrated Services NAS: Network Attached Storage Digital Network (Hardware) N/I: Non-Interlaced NASA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NAB: National Association of Broadcasters (Organizations) NAB: Netscape Application Builder NASDAQ: National Association of Securities (Software) (Netscape) Dealers Automatic Quotation NAC: Network Administration Center NASI: Netware Asynchronous Services Interface NAC: Network Adapter Card (Novell) NACD: National Association of Computer NASIRC: Nasa Automated Systems Internet Dealers Response Capability NACS: Netware Asynchronous NASKER: Nasa AmeS KERnel Communication Server NAT: Network Address Translation NACS: Network Access Control System A technology that enables a network to use one set of IP addresses for internal traffic and a second for external traffic NACS: National Advisory Committee on (Network) NATOA: National Association of NAD: Network Access Device Telecommunications Officers & Advisors NAD: Network Activity Display NAU: Network Access Unit (Network) (Network) NAE: Not Above or Equal NAU: Network Addressable Unit (Network) N NAG: National Algorithms Group NAUN: Nearest Active Upstream Neighbour NAG: Network Architecture Group NAV: Norton Anti Virus NAK: Not AcKnowledged (Symantec) A control code returned by a receiving station indicating that a NAWS: Negotiate About Window Size station with an established connection has sent incorrect information NBE: Not Below or Equal NAL: Novell Application Launcher NBI: Nothing But Initials (Software) (Novell) NAM: Number Assignment Module NBMA: Non-Broadcast Multi Access

NAMI: Network Adaptive Multimedia Image NBO: Networked Business Object (Software) NAMPS: Narrow-band Analog Mobile Phone Service NBP: Name Binding Protocol NAMS: National Association of Multimedia NBS: National Bureau of Standards Shareware (Organizations) NaN: Not A Number NBS: Numeric BackSpace A symbolic entry that is encoded in oating-point format (Software) NBS: Narrowband Socket NAP: Network Access Point NBT: NetBios on Tcp/ip (Network) NC: Network Control NAPLPS: North American Presentation- Level Protocol Syntax NC: Network Coordinator (Communication) NC: Norton Commander NAS: Netscape Application Server (Operating systems) (Netscape) NC: Network Computer (Network)

Page 97 of 161 NC: No Carry NCSA: National Center for Supercomputing Applications NC: No Connection The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign developers of (Hardware) the original NCSA Mosaic browser (Organizations) NC: Numerical Control NCSC: National Computer Security Center (Organizations) NCA: Network Communications Adapter NCSI: Network Communications Services NCA: Network Computing Architecture Interface (Oracle) NCSL: National Computer Systems NCAPI: Netscape Client Application Laboratory Programming Interface NCTE: Network Channel-Terminating (Software) (Netscape) Equipment NCC: Network Control Center NCTL: National Computer and (Network) Telecommunications Laboratory NCC: Norton Control Center NDA: Non Disclosure Agreement Norton Utilities' program (Software) (Symantec) NCC: National Computer Conference NDAC: No Data ACcepted

NCC: Novell Customer Connection NDB: Non-Directional (Novell) NDC: Normalized Device Coordinates NCC: National Computing Center The coordinate system between the user’s world coordinates () and the graphics system’s physical device coordinates in NCCF: Network Communications Control the viewing pipeline Facility NDCC: Network Data Collection Center NCD: Network Computing Device NDDK: Network Device Development Kit NCF: Netware Command File (Novell) NDDL: Neutral Data Definition Language NCF: Network Computing Framework NDE: News Development Environment (Network) (IBM) NDEF: Not DEFined NCGA: National Computer Graphics Association NDIS: Network Driver Interface N NCI: Non Coded Information Specification (Network) NCI: Network Computer, Inc. NDL: Network Database Language Manufacturer (Databases) NCIA: Native Client Interface Architecture NDM: Network Data Manager NCIC: National Crime Information Center On-line storage service NDMP: Network Data Management Protocol NCMOS: N-channel Complementary Metal (Network) Oxyde Semiconductor NDMS: Netware Distributed Management NCMT: Numerical Control for Machine Tools Services NCN: Nixdorf Communications Network NDN: Non-Delivery Notice

NCOS: Network Computer Operating System NDP: Numeric Data Processor

NCP: Non-Carbon Paper NDPS: Novell Distributed Print Services (Network) (Novell) NCP: Network Control Program Communication management in IBM networks (Network) (IBM) NDR: Network Data Representation (Network) NCP: Network Control Protocol (Network) NDR: Non-Delivery Report NCP: Not Copy Protected NDRO: Non Destructive ReadOut

NCP: Netware Core Protocol NDS: Netware Directory Service (Network) (Novell) NCR: National Cash Registers NE: Not Equal NCS: Network Computing System (Software) (HP) NEARNET: New England Academic and Research NETwork

Page 98 of 161 NEAT: Novell Easy Administration Tool NGIO: Next Generation Input Output (Novell) (Hardware) (Intel) NEB: Netscape Extension Builder NGWS: Next Generation Windows Services (Software) (Netscape) (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NEC: Nippon Electric Corporation NHC: National Hurricane Center (NEC) NHR: National Handwriting Recognition NED: Nasa Extragalactic Database (NASA) NHRP: Next Hop Resolution Protocol NEFS: Network Extensible File System (Network) NHSE: National Hpcc Software Exchange NEG: NEGative NI: Non Interlaced NEMA: National Electrical Manufacturers (Hardware) Association NI: No Increase NEP: Network Entry Point NI: New Instructions NES: National Education (Hardware) (Intel) NES: Netscape Enterprise Server NIA: Next Instruction Address (Software) (Netscape) NIAM: Natural language Information NEST: Novell Embedded Systems Analysis Method Technology (Novell) NIC: Network Interface Card (Hardware) NetBEUI: NETwork Bios Extended User Interface NIC: Numeric Intensive Computing (Network) NIC: Network Information Center NetBIOS: NETwork Basic Input Output Originally, a single NIC at SRI International served the System ARPANET (and later the defense data network [DDN] (Network) community) (Network) NETBLT: NETwork BLock Transfer NiCd: NIckel-CaDmium Rechargable battery technology NETCDF: NETwork Common Data Format NICE: Network Information and Control Exchange NETMON: NETwork MONitor N NICE: Narrative, Immersive, Collaborative NEWS: Netware Early Warning System Environment NEWS: Network Extensible Window System NICE: Novell Internet Connection Expert A window system based on PostScript that Sun developed and (Network) (Novell) licenses (Operating systems) (Sun) NICOLAS: Network Information Center NEWT: NEWs Terminal OnLine Aid System NeXT: NEw eXtended Technology (NASA) NID: Next IDentifier NEXT: Near-End CrossTalk NID: New Interactive Display NF: Naturally Flat (NEC) Crt technology (Hardware) (Mitsubishi) NID: Network Interface Device NFF: No Fault Found (Hardware) NFR: Near Field Recording NIDL: Network Interface Definition (Hardware) Language NFS: Network File System (Network) A Sun distributed file system that provides transparent access NIFC: Netscape Internet Foundation Classes to remote file systems on heterogeneous networks (Operating (Software) (Netscape) systems) (Sun) NIH: Not Invented Here NFSNET: National Science Foundation NETwork NIHCL: National Institute of Health Class NFT: Network File Transfer Library NII: National Information Infrastructure NG: NewsGroup Discussion forum NIIT: National Information Infrastructure Testbed NGE: Not Greater or Equal NIM: Network Installation Management NGI: Next Generation Internet (IBM)

Page 99 of 161 NiMH: NIckel-Metal Hydride NMA: Network Management Architecture Rechargable battery technology NMC: Network Management Center NIO: Native Input/Output NME: Norton Mobile Essentials NIPS: Network I/os Per Second (Software) (Symantec) NIR: Network Information Retrieval NMF: Network Management Forum

NIS: Network Information Service NMI: Non-Maskable Interrupt A distributed network database containing key information (Hardware) about the systems and the users on the network. The NIS database is stored on the master server and all the slave NMI: Native Method Invocation servers (Network) (Sun) (Software) NIS: Norton Internet Security NML: Network Management Layer (Software) (Symantec) NMM: Netware Management Map NIS/YP: Network Information (Novell) System/Yellow Pages NMM: Network Management Module NISO: National Information Standards (Network) Organization NMOS: Negative Channel Metal-Oxide NISP: Networked Information Services Semiconductor Project NMP: Network Management Protocol NIST: National Institute of Standards and (AT&T) Technology (Organizations) NMPF: Network Management Productivity Facility NITC: National Information Technology Center NMR: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance NITOL: Norway-net with IT for Open NMS: Netelligent Management Software Learning (Network) NIU: Network Interface Unit NMS: Network Management System

NJE: Network Job Entry NMU: Network Management Unit (IBM) (Hardware) NL: New Line NN: No News N NLANR: National Laboratory for Applied NN: Network Node Network Research NNI: Network to Network Interface NLB: Network Load Balancing (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NNM: Network Node Manager (Network) NLDM: Network Logical Data Manager NNSC: Nsf Network Service Center NLE: Not Less or Equal NNTP: Network News Transport Protocol NLM: Netware Loadable Module (Communication) (Operating systems) (Novell) NOC: Network Operation Center NLP: Natural Language Processing A center that operates a production network. Tasks include monitoring and control, troubleshooting, and user assistance NLPID: Network Layer Protocol IDentifier (Network) NLQ: Near Letter Quality NOP: No OPeration (Hardware) NLS: Network License Server NOPAC: Network On-line Public Access NLS: National Language Support Catalog (Operating systems) NORMA: NO Remote Memory Access NLSFUNC: National Language Support FUNCtion NOS: Network Operating System NLSP: Netware Link Services Protocol NOYB: None Of Your Business Link-state routing protocol based on IS-IS. See also IS-IS (Messages) NLT: Natural Language Technology NPA: Numbering Plan Address (Software) NPA: Network Printer Alliance NLV: National Language Version (IBM) NPDA: Network Problem Determination Aid

Page 100 of 161 NPH: No Parse Headers NSC: Norton System Center (Software) (Symantec) NPI: Network Printer Interface NSERC: National Sciences and Engineering NPL: Non-Procedural Language Research Council (Software) NSF: National Science Foundation NPM: Network Printer Manager (Organizations) (Software) NSfIP: NextStep For Intel Processors NPMS: Named Pipes/Mail Slots NSFNET: National Science Foundation NPS: Novell Productivity Specialist NETwork (Novell) NSI: Network Solutions, Inc NPSI: Network Protocol Service Interface Manages .com, .net, .org, .edu top level domains (Organizations) NPT: Non-Programmable Terminal NSI: Nasa Science Internet (Hardware) NPTN: National Public Telecomputing NSIS: National Schengen Information Network System NPU: Natural Processing Unit NSM: Netscape Server Manager (Netscape) NPX: Numeric Processor eXtension NSN: Nasa Science Network NQS: Network Queing System NSP: Network Services Protocol NRC: National Research Council NSP: Native Signal Processing NREN: National Research and Education NSP: Network Service Provider Network NRFD: Not Ready For Data NSS: Nodal Switching Subsystem (Communication) NSS: Novell Storage Services NRM: Network Resource Manager (Novell) NROFF: New Run-OFF NSS: Network Storage Solutions Company NRZ: NonReturn to Zero NSSC: Nasa Standard Spacecraft Computer NRZI: NonReturn to Zero Inverted N NSTC: National Science and Technology NRZL: NonReturn to Zero Level Council NSTL: National Software Testing Labs NS: Name Server NT: Network Terminator NS: Non Stop NT: New Technology NS: Network Supervisor (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NS: Network Series NT: Nome Time (Hardware) Timezone: GMT -11:00 ns: NanoSecond NT-1: Network Terminator type 1 Time measurement unit NTAS: New Technology Advanced Server NS: National Semiconductor (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NSA: National Security Agency NTCR: New Technology Challenge/Response (Organizations) (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NSA POLY: National Security Agency NTDS: New Technology Directory Service POLYgraph (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NSAP: Network Services Access Point NTE: New Technology Embedded (Network) (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NSAPI: Netscape Server Application NTF: No Trouble Found Programming Interface (Software) (Netscape) NTFS: New Technology File System NSB: Netware for Small Business (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Operating systems) (Novell) NTHQ: New Technology Hardware Qualifier NSC: Network Service Center Hardware troubleshooting program (Operating systems) (Microsoft)

Page 101 of 161 NTIA: National Telecommunications and NURBS: Non Uniform Rational B-Spline Information Administration A curve definition method based on the B-spline curve, which (Organizations) offers additional exibility through knots along the spline. Some knots can have more weight added (like a magnet) to pull the NTIS: National Technical Information curve toward those knots Service NV: No oVerflow NTK: Newton ToolKit NVDM/2: NetView Distribution Manager 2 NTLM: New Technology Lan Manager (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NVM: Non Volatile Memory (Hardware) NTLN: New Technology Lan Manager (Microsoft) NVOD: Near-Video On Demand NTO: Network Terminal Operator NVP: Network Voice Protocol (Network) NVP: Nominal Velocity of Propagation NTONC: National Transparent Optical Network Consortium NVRAM: Non-Volatile Random Access (Organizations) Memory NTOP: New Technology Option Pack A type of RAM that retains information when power is removed from the system (Hardware) (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NVSIMM: Non-Volatile Single In line NTP: Network Time Protocol Memory Module (Communication) A nonvolatile single inline memory module (SIMM) that NTRAS: New Technology Remote Access incorporates a battery on the device to prevent data loss in a Services power failure. Battery current is shared among a group of NVSIMMs. This feature prevents memory failure if one battery NTS/2: Network Transport Services 2 fails (Hardware) NTSA: Netware Telephony Services NVT: Novell Virtual Terminal Architecture (Novell) (Novell) NVT: Network Virtual Terminal NTSC: National Television Standard NWFS: NetWare File System Committee (Operating systems) (Novell) The group that proposed a method of composite color encoding based on quadrature modulation of I and Q color difference NWNet: NorthWestern states NETwork components onto a color subcarrier and adding the resulting N chroma signal to luminance (Organizations) NWS: Netware Web Server NTSL: National Software Testing (Novell) Laboratories NYSERNet: New York State Education and (Organizations) Research NETwork NTT: Nippon Telephone & Telegraph NZT: New Zealand Time Timezone: GMT +12:00 NTU: Network Termination Unit NZUSUGI: New Zealand Unix System User NTWS: New Technology WorkStation Group, Inc. (Operating systems) (Microsoft) NUA: Network User Address

NUB: Network Utility Box (Hardware) NUI: Notebook User Interface

NUI: Network User Identification (Network) NUI: Network User Interface (Operating systems) NUL: NULl An invisible character with an internal code of 0 that occupies no space if printed. Not to be confused with a blank, which is invisible but occupies a space NUMA: NonUniform Memory Access

NURB: Non Uniform Rational B-spline

Page 102 of 161 O

O-LTM: Optical Line Terminating Multiplexer OCF: Object Component Framework (Software) (Inprise) O-ROM: Optical Read Only Memory OCI: Oracle Call Interface O-WORM: Optical (Databases) (Oracle)

O/R: Originator/Recipient OCL: Os/2 Class Library

OA: Office Automation OCL: Operator Control Language

OAB: One-to-All Broadcast OCLC: Online Computer Library Center

OAD: Open Architecture Driver OCR: Optical Character Recognition

OAG: Online Air Guide OCS: Object Compatibility Standard

OAG: Official Airline Guide OCS: On-Card Sequencer

OAI: Open Applications Interface OCX: Ole Control eXtension (Software) (Microsoft) OAM: Operations And Management OD: Optical Disk

OARNet: Ohio Academic Resources NETwork ODA: Open Document Architecture

OAS: Oracle Application Server ODAPI: Open DataBase Application (Software) (Oracle) Programming Interface OAS: One-to-All Scatter (Software)

OASLM: Optically Addressed Spatial Light ODBC: Open DataBase Connectivity Modulator (Microsoft) (Hardware) ODBMS: Object DataBase Management OASYS: Office Automation SYStem System (Databases) OAW: Optically Assisted Winchester ODE: Object Database and Environment (Hardware) OBD: Online Bugs Database ODE: Office 97 Developer Edition (Software) (Microsoft) O OBD: On Board Diagnostics ODI: Open Device Interconnect OBE: Out-of-Box Experience (Novell) ODI: Open Data-link Interface OBEX: OBject EXchange (Network) (Inprise) ODIF: Open Document Interchange Format OBI: Open Buying on the Internet (Organizations) ODISS: Optical Digital Image Storage OBJ: OBJect System File name extension ODL: Object Definition Language

OBV: Object By Value ODM: Object Data Manager (Software) (IBM) OBVI: Object-Based Video Interface ODM: Optimized Distribution Model OBZ: One Big Zip (Compaq) (Messages) ODM: Original Design Manufacturing

OC: Optical Carrier ODMA: Open Document Management Api OC-3: Optical Carrier level 3 (Organizations) ODMG: Object Database Management Group OCD: Out-of-Cell Delineation ODP: OverDrive Processor OCE: Open Collaborative Environment (Apple) ODP: Open Distributed Processing

OCF: OpenCard Framework ODP: On-Demand Producer Multimedia authoring program (Software)

Page 103 of 161 ODQL: Object Database Query Language OLED: Organic Light Emitting Diode (Databases) (Hardware) ODR: Optimized Dynamic Routing OLGA: OnLine Guitar Archive

ODS: Overhead Data Stream OLI: Optical Line Interface (AT&T) ODS: Operational Data Store OLIT: Open Look Intrinsics Toolkit ODS: Open Data Services An -based widget set and library used to (Microsoft) create applications using the OPEN LOOK graphical user interface (Operating systems) ODSI: Open Directory Services Interface OLMC: Output Logic MacroCell ODT: Open DeskTop OLSP: On-Line Service Provider OE: Output Enable (Hardware) OLTP: OnLine Transaction Processing OE: Outlook Express OM: (Software) (Microsoft) OM: Object Model OE: Operating Environment (Software) OECD: Organization for Economic OMA: Object Management Architecture Cooperation and Development (Microsoft) (Organizations) OME: Open Messaging Environment OEM: Original Equipment Manufacturer Protocol A manufacturer that sells equipment for resale under an end- OMF: Object Management Framework equipment manufacturer’s trademark or name (Hardware) OEP: Operand Execution Pipeline OMF: Object Module Format (Microsoft) OF: Overflow Flag OMF: Open Message Format OFA: Optimal Flexible Architecture OMF: Open Media Framework OFB: Output FeedBack OMFI: Open Media Framework Interchange OFC: Open Financial Connectivity OMG: Object Management Group OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division (Organizations) Multiplexing OMI: Open Microprocessor Initiative OFMT: Output ForMaT O OMI: Open Messaging Interface OFS: Object File System OMI-STN: Optical Mode Interface- (Operating systems) SuperTwisted Nematic OFS: Output Field Separator OML: Object Manipulation Language OFX: Open Financial eXchange (Software)

OHCI: Open Host Controller Interface OMR: Optical Mark Recognition

OIA: Operator Information Area OMS: Object Management System

OID: Object IDentifier OMT: Object Modeling Technique (Software) OIDL: Object Interface Definition Language ONA: Open Network Architecture

OIL: Operator Identification Language ONAC: Operations Network Administration OIS: Office Information System Center ONAL: Off Network Access Line OIW: Osi Implementors Workshop ONC: Open Network Computing OJI: Open Java Interface (Network) (Sun) (Netscape) ONDS: Open Network Distribution Services OLAP: On-Line Analytical Processing (IBM) OLCP: On-Line Complex Processing ONE: Open Network Environment (Sun) OLE: Object Linking and Embedding (Software) (Microsoft) ONI: Operator Number Identification ONMS: Open Network Management System

Page 104 of 161 ONS: Open Networking System OPC: Ole for Process Control

ONU: Optical Network Unit OPCODE: OPerational CODE

OO: Object Oriented OPD: OPeranD

OOA: Object-Oriented Analysis OPI: Open Press Interface (Software) OOAD: Object Orientated Analysis and Design OPL: Opaque Device Library OOB: Out Of Band OPM: Operations Per Minute (Communication) OPOS: Ole for Point Of Sale OOBE: Object-Oriented Business Engineering OPP: Order Processing Pipeline OOCASE: Object Oriented Computer Aided (Network) (Microsoft) Software Engineering OPROM: Optical Programmable Read Only OOCTG: Object Orientated Cobol Task Group Memory (Hardware) OOD: Object-Oriented Design ops: Operations Per Second

OODB: Object-Oriented DataBase OPS: Open Profiling Standard OODBMS: Object-Oriented DataBase (Netscape) Management System OPT: OPTions OODL: Object-Orientated Dynamic File name extension Language OPT: Open Protocol Technology

OOFS: Object-Oriented File System OPUS: Octal Program Updating System (Operating systems) OOL: Object-Oriented Language OQL: Object Query Language

OOOS: Object-Oriented Operating System OQS: Object Query Service (Software) OOP: Object-Oriented Programming OR: OverRun (Software) (Hardware) OOPL: Object-Oriented Programming ORB: Object Request Broker Language (Software) ORBS: Open Relay Behaviour-modification OOPS: Object-Oriented Programming System O System ORDBMS: Object Relational DataBase OOPSLA: Object-Oriented Programming Management System Systems and Language Architecture (Databases) OOPSTAD: Object-Orientated Programming ORDVAC: ORDnance Variable Automatic for SmallTalk Application Development Computer association ORI: Online Retrieval Interface

OOS: Off-line Operating Simulator ORK: Office Resource Kit OOS: Object-Oriented Systems (Software) (Microsoft) ORM: Optical Remote Module OOSA: Object-Oriented System Analysis ORMS: Operating Resource Management OOSH: Object-Oriented SHell System OOT: Object-Oriented Technology (Software) OROM: Optical Read Only Memory OOUI: Object-Oriented User Interface (Hardware) OP: OPeration ORPC: Object Remote Procedure Call (Software) OPA: Open Publishing Architecture ORS: Output Record Separator OPAC: On-line Public Access Catalog ORSS: Optical Recognition System OPC: Optical PhotoConductor Simulator OPC: Organic Photoconducting Cartridge OS: Operating System (Hardware) A collection of programs that monitor the use of the system and supervise the other programs executed by it (Operating systems)

Page 105 of 161 OS-9: Operating System-9 OSR: Oem Service Release

OS/2: Operating System 2 OSS: Operating System-Specific (Operating systems) (IBM) OSS: Open Source Software OS/360: Operating System/360 (Software) OS/400: Operating System/400 OST: Offline STorage

OS/E: Operating System/Environment OSTA: Technology Association OSA: Open Scripting Architecture (Organizations) OSA: Open System Architecture OSW/L2: Operating System-9 Windows/Level 2 OSCE: OfficeScan Corporate Edition OT: Object Technology OSCRL: Operating System Command Response Language OTA: Office of Technology Assessment OSD: Open Software Description OTA: Operation-Triggered Architecture

OSD: On-Screen Display OTDR: Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (Hardware) OTF: Open Token Foundation OSDS: Operating System for Distributed Switching OTN: Oracle Technology Network OSE: Open Systems Environment (Oracle) OTOH: On The Other Hand OSE: Office Server Extension (Messages) (Software) (Microsoft) OTP: One-Time Password OSF: Operation System Function OTP: One-Time Programmable OSF: Open Software Foundation (Organizations) OTPROM: One-Time Programmable Read Only Memory OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration OTS: Object Transaction Service (Organizations) OU: Organizational Unit OSI: Open Systems Interconnection (Communication) OUCL: Oxford University Computing Laboratory OSI/: Open Systems O Interconnection/Reference Model OUG: Occam User Group

OSIG: Online Special Interest Group OUI: Organizationally Unique Identifier

OSM: Optical Storage Manager OURS: Open User Recommended Solutions group OSM: Operating system-Specific Module OUTS: OUTput String OSM: On-Screen Manager (Hardware) (NEC) OV: OVerflow

OSM: On-Screen Menu OVAL: Object-based Virtual Application Language OSME: Open Systems Message Exchange OVL: OVerLay OSN: Office System Node File name extension OSN: Open Systems Network OVR: OVeRlay File name extension OSP: Ole db Simple Provider (Databases) (Microsoft) OWA: Outlook Web Access (Network) (Microsoft) OSP: Optical Signal Processing (Hardware) OWG: Optical WaveGuide OSP: Optical Storage Processor OWL: Object Windows Library (Software) (Inprise) OSP: On-Screen Programming

OSPF: Open Shortest Path First An Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) specified by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) (Network) OSQL: Object Structured Query Language

Page 106 of 161 P p: Pico PAF: Postal Address File Prefix for 10 power -12 PAIH: Public-Access Internet Host P&D: Plug & Display PAIS: Public-Access Internet Site P&M: Personalization & Membership (Microsoft) PAK: PAcKed File name extension P&S: Publish & Subscribe PAL: Privileged Architecture Library P-JPEG: Progressive Joint Photographic Experts Group PAL: Programmable Assembly Language Compressed images file format PAL: Programmable Array Logic P-POP: Plain-Paper Optimized Printing (Hardware) (Hardware) (Canon) PAL: Paradox Application Language P-RAM: Parameter Random Access Memory (Databases) (Inprise) P-SRAM: Pseudo-Static Random Access PAL: Phase Alternate Line Memory European TV standard. A composite color standard similar to NTSC, except that the v-axis subcarrier reference signal inverts P/N: Part Number in phase at the horizontal line rate P/PC: Palm Personal Computer PAL: PALette (Hardware) File name extension P/T: Part Time PAL-SLM: Parallel-Aligned Liquid crystal Spa tial Light Modulator P2C2: Pantone Personal Color Calibrator (Hardware) (Pantone) PALC: Plasma-Addressed Liquid Crystal P2P: Peer To Peer Display technology P2P: Point To Point PALS: Principles of the Alphabet Literacy System P2SC: Power 2 Super Chip PAM: Primary Access Method IBM's Deep Blue processor (Hardware) (IBM) P3P: Platform for Privacy Preferencies PAM: Programmable Attribute Map Project PAM: Paging Area Memory PA: Precision Architecture P (Hardware) (HP) PAM: Pulse-Amplitude Modulation (Communication) PA-RISC: Precision Architecture Reduced Instruction Set Computer PAM: Plug-in Authentication Module (HP) PAN: Personal Account Number PAB: Personal Address Book PAN: Personal Area Network PABX: Private Automatic Branch eXchange (Network) (Hardware) PAP: Password Authentication Protocol PAC: Privilege Attribute Certificate A security provision in point-to-point protocol (PPP) (Network) PAC: Platform Adaptor Component PAP: Printer Access Protocol

PAC: Perceptual Audio Coder PAP: PAcket-level Procedure (Hardware) PAR: Parallel PACE: Priority Access Control Enabled (3Com) PAR: Project Authorization Request PACS: Picture Archiving and PAR: Personal Animation Recorder Communication System PARC: Palo Alto Research Center PACS-L: Public Access Computer Systems List PAS: Publicly Available Specification PAD: Packet Assembler/Disassembler PAS: PAScal (Software) File name extension PADS: Pen Application Development System

Page 107 of 161 PAS/2: Personal Application System/2 PCDA: Program Controlled Data Acquisition

PAT: Port Address Translator PCEB: PCi to Eisa Bridge (Communication) (Intel) PAT: PATtern PCFS: Personal System File name extensions A file system specification that provides the capability to read and write files in DOS format on the SPARC (Operating PATN: Port Access systems) (Sun) PAV: Parallel Access Volumes PCI: Protocol Control Information The protocol information added by an OSI entity to the service PAX: Portable Archive eXchange data unit passed down from the layer above, which together form a protocol data unit (PDU) PB: Pipeline Burst Cache memory architecture (Hardware) PCI: Peripheral Component Interconnect A 32-bit bus providing a maximum 132 Mbyte/sec data transfer PBA: Printed Board Assembly rate. PCI devices have autoconfiguration capabilities and do not have to be configured by users (Hardware) PBD: PowerBuilder Dynamic library (Databases) (Sybase) PCIC: Pc-Card Interrupt Controller PBE: Prompt By Example PCL: Portable Common Loops

PBGA: Plastic Ball Grid Array PCL: Programmable Command Language (Hardware) PCL: Process Control Language PBI: Phone Based Interface PCL: Printer Control Language PBM: Play By Mail (HP) PBOT: Physical Beginning of Tape PCM: Physical Connection Management (Hardware) PCM: Printer Cartridge Metric PBX: Private Branch eXchange (HP) (Communication) PCM: Pulse Code Modulation PC: Program Counter (Communication) A CPU register that contains the address (location) of the instruction to be executed next in the program sequence PCM: Personal Computer Manufacturer PC: Personal Computer PCMA: Paired Carrier Multiple Access

PC: Printed Circuit PCMC: Pci, Cache and Memory Controller (Intel) PC-DOS: Personal Computer - Disk Operating System PCMCIA: Personal Card (IBM) International Association P An organization that supports several standards for a compact PC-I/O: Program Controlled Input/Output hardware interface that accepts a variety of devices (Organizations) PC/IXF: Personal Computer Intergrated eXchange Format PCMIM: Personal Computer Media Interface Module PC/TCP: Personal Computer/Transmission Control Protocol PCMS: Project and Configuration Management System PCA: Power Calibration Area PCN: Public Communications Network PCA: Payment gateway Certification Authority PCN: Personal Computer Network PCACIAS: Personal Computer Automated PCNFS: Personal Computer Network File Calibration Interval Analysis System System PCAV: Partial Constant Angular Velocity PCO: Point of Control and Observation (Hardware) PCR: Processor Configuration Register PCB: Printed Circuit Board (Hardware) PCR: Packet Cell Rate

PCB: Program Control Block PCS: Personal Computing System PCBC: Plain Cipher Block Chaining (Hardware) PCS: Personal Communication Service PCBO: Personal Computer Branch Office (IBM) PCS: Personal Conferencing Specification

PCD: Photo Compact Disc PCS: Project Control System File format for digitized photos (Kodak)

Page 108 of 161 PCS: Program Counter Store PDM: Product Data Management

PCS: Process Control Systems PDN: Public Data Network (Network) PCS: Patchable Control Store PDO: Portable Distributed Objects PCS: Planning Control Sheet (Operating systems)

PCS: Print Contrast Signal PDP: Plasma Display Panel (Hardware) PCSA: Personal Computing Systems PDP: Parallel Data Processing Architecture PCT: Private Communication Technology PDP: Programmable Data Processor (Communication) PDP: Policy Decision Point PCT: PiCTure The point where policy decisions are made, responsible for File name extension handling policy decisions on behalf of PEPs (Network) PCTE: Portable Common Tool Environment PDP: Primary Dos Partition (Operating systems) (Microsoft) PCX: PiCture eXchange PDQ: Parallel Data Queries File name extension PD: Phase change Dual PDQ: Pretty Darn Quick Optical recording system (Hardware) (Matsushita) (Messages) PD: Personal Display PDS: Partitioned Data Set (Hardware) (Databases) (IBM) PD: Public Domain PDS: Processor Direct Slot (Apple) PDA: Personal Digital Assistant PDS: Professional Developer's Summit PDB: Pilot Database (Microsoft) File name extension (3Com) PDS: Planetary Data System PDC: Primary Domain Controller PDS: Packet Driver Specification (Network) (Microsoft) PDC: Professional Developer Conference PDS: Portable Document Software (Microsoft) PDSP: Peripheral Data Storage Processor PDC: Personal Digital Cellular (Hardware) PDSS: Post Development and Software Support PDD: Physical Device Driver PDT: Performance Diagnostic Tool PDD: Portable Digital Document (IBM) P PDES: Product Data Exchange Specification PDT: Pacific Daylight Time Timezone: GMT -8:00 PDF: Portable Document Format PDT: Programmable Drive Table File format for document interchange (Adobe) PDF: Printer Description File PDT: Programmable Drive Table File name extension (Inprise) PDU: Protocol Data Unit PDF: Program Development Facility The ISO/OSI term for packet. A PDU is a data object exchanged by protocol machines (entities) within a given layer. PDF: Package Definition File PDUs consist of both protocol control information (PCI) and user data PDF: Processor Defined Function PDU: Plug Distribution Unit PDH: Plesiosynchronous Digital Hierarchy PDW: Package and Deployment Wizard PDI: Power and Data Interface (Microsoft)

PDIAL: Public Dialup Internet Access List PDX: ParaDoX File name extension (Inprise) PDK: Product Development Kit PDX: Phone Data eXchange (Network) (Intel) (Hardware) PDL: Program Design Language PDX: Printer Description eXtension

PDL: Page Description Language PE: Phase Encoding

PDL: Program Description Language PE: Parity Error PDM: Program Development Manager (Hardware)

Page 109 of 161 PE: Processing Element PET: Personal Electronic Transactor (Hardware) Commodore's first personal computer (Hardware) PE: Portable Executable PEX: Phigs Extension to X File format for Win32 programs (Software) (Microsoft) A protocol for 3-D graphics in a network window system that supports both PHIGS and PHIGS PLUS features PE: Protect Enable PFA: Predictive Failure Analysis PE: Parity Even PFB: Printer Font Binary PEA: Pocket Ethernet Adapter File name extension PEARL: Process and Experiment PFE: Programmer's File Editor Automation Realtime Language PFM: Printer Font Metrics PEC: Program Execution Control File name extension PEEK: Partners Early Experience Kit PFN: Page Frame Number

PEEL: Programmable Electrically Erasable PFPU: Processor Frame Power Unit Logic PFR: Power Fail Restart (Hardware) PEL: Picture ELement PFS: Parallel File System (IBM) (Operating systems) PEM: Privacy Enhanced Mail PFX: Personal inFormation eXchange (Network) (Microsoft) PEM: Port Expander Module PGA: Programmable Gate Array IC pins organization (Hardware) PEOT: Physical End Of Tape PGA: Pin Grid Array (Hardware) Pin organization (Hardware) PEP: Point-Edge-Polygon PGA: Professional Graphics Adapter Type of graphics editor (Software) (IBM) PEP: Policy Enforcement Point PGC: Program Group Control A port on a network device where the policy decisions are actually enforced (Network) (Microsoft) PEP: Packetized Ensemble Protocol PGD: Planar Gas Discharge Display technology (Hardware) PEP: Packet Exchange Protocol PGDN: PaGe DowN PERC: PowerEdge Raid Controller PGL: Professional Graphics Language (Hardware) (Dell) PERC: Portable Environment for Real-time PGM: ProGraM P Control PGML: Precision Graphics Markup Language (Operating systems) (Adobe) PERL: Practical Extraction Report Language PGP: Pretty Good Privacy A flexible programming language especially designed for Encryption program (Software) processing text (Software) PERM: Pre-Embossed Rigid Magnetic PGP: ProGram Parameter (Hardware) File name extension (Autodesk) PEROM: Programmable Erasable Read Only PGUP: PaGe UP Memory PHB: Per-Hop-Behavior PERT: Program Evaluation and Review The forwarding treatment given to a specific class of traffic, Technique based on criteria defined in the Differentiated Service field. Routers and switches use PHBs to determine priorities for PES: Proposed Encryption Standard servicing various traffic flows (Network) PES: Packetized Elementary Stream PHIGS: Programmer's Hierarchical (Communication) Interactive Graphics Standard An international standard 3-D graphics library consisting of a PES: Positioning Error Signal graphical tool set for application developers. PHIGS uses hierarchical data structures. You can create, alter, manipulate, PES: Processor Enhancement Socket and store objects dynamically PET: Progressive Educational Technology PHIGS PLUS: Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics Standard Plus Lumiere PET: Print Enhancement Technology Und Surfaces (Compaq) An extension to PHIGS that includes additional capabilities, such as lighting from single and multiple sources, depth-cueing, NURBS, and complex geometric primitives

Page 110 of 161 PHS: Personal Handphone System PIN: Positive Intrinsic Negative

PHY: PHisical laYer : Pine Is Not Elm

PI: Program Interruption PING: Packet INternet Groper (Network) PIA: Peripheral Interface Adapter (Hardware) PIO: Programmable Input/Output (Hardware) PIC: Point In Call PIO: Processor Input/Output PIC: Programmable Interrupt Controller PIO: Parallel Input/Output PIC: Priority Interrupt Controller (Hardware) PIP: Packet Interface Port PIC: Personal Information Carrier PIP: Periphal Interchange Program

PIC: Personal Intelligent Communicator PIP: Personal Information Processor

PICS: Protocol Implementation PIP: Picture In Picture Conformance Statement (Hardware) PICS: Plug-in Inventory Control System PIP: Programmable Interconnect Point

PICS: Platform for Internet Content PIP: Problem Isolation Procedure Selection PIP: Pattern and Information Processing PICS/DCPR: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement/Detailed PIPO: Parallel In, Parallel Out Continuing Property Record PIR: Protocol Independent Routing PICT: PICTure PIT: Programmable Interval Timer PID: Proportional, Integral, Derivative (Hardware) PID: Product IDentifier PIU: Path Information Unit

PID: Personal IDentifier PJL: Printer Job Language (Software) (Hardware) (HP) PID: Process IDentifier PJPEG: Progressive Joint Photographic A unique, system-wide, identification number assigned to a Experts Group process. Also called process ID, process number (Operating Compressed images file format systems) PK: Primary Key PIER: Procedures for Internet/Enterprise (Databases) Renumbering PKC: Public Key Cryptography P PIF: Program Information File File name extension (Microsoft) PKCS: Public Key Cryptography Standard

PIF: Picture Interchange Format PKE: Private Key Encryption File name extension PII: Pentium 2 PKI: Public Key Infrastructure (Hardware) (Intel) PL: Perl Language PII: Program Integrated Information File name extension

PIII: Pentium 3 PL-LCD: PhotoLuminescent Liquid Cristal (Hardware) (Intel) Display (Hardware) PIIX: Pci Ide/Isa Accelerator PL-OU: Physical Layer Overhead Unit PILOT: Programmed Inquiry Learning Or Teaching PL/1: Programming Language/1 Programming language (Software) PIM: Protocol Independent Multicast PL/IP: Parallel Line Internet Protocol PIM: Personal Information Manager PL/M: Programming Language for PIM: Primary Interface Module (Microsoft) PIN: Processor Independent Netware PL/SQL: Procedural Language/Structured PIN: Process Identification Number Query Language (Databases) (Oracle) PIN: Personal Identification Number

Page 111 of 161 PLA: Programmable Logic Array PMAC: Peripheral Module Access Controller An array of logic elements. Its interconnections are programmable after manufacture (Hardware) PMD: Physical layer, Medium Dependent PLATO: Programmed Logic for Automatic PMD: Packet Mode Data Teaching Operations PMI: Protected Mode Interface PLB: Picture Level Benchmark In computer graphics, an industry-standard benchmark method PMMU: Paged Memory Management Unit used to measure graphics performance (Hardware) PLBSI: Picture Level Benchmark Sample PMOS: Positive Channel Metal Oxide Implementation Semiconductor PLC: Programmable Logic Controller PMP: Point to MultiPoint (Hardware) PLCC: Plastic Leadless Chip Carrier PMP: Preventive Maintenance Package

PLCP: Physical Layer Convergence PMP: Portable Music Player Procedure (Hardware) PLD: Programmable Logic Device PMR: Problem Management Report (IBM) (Hardware) PLDI: Programming Language Design and PMS: Policy Management System Implementation PMT: PhotoMultiuplier Tube PLDS: Pilot Land Data System Scanning sensor (Hardware) (NASA) PMU: PowerMeter Unit PLE: Programmable Logic Element PN: Processing Node (Hardware) PLIP: Parallel Line Internet Protocol PNA: Phoneline Networking Alliance (Communication) (Organizations) PLL: Phase-Locked Loop PNA: Programmable Network Access

PLL: PreLinked Library PnD: Plug aNd Display File name extension (Hardware) PLMN: Public Land Mobile Network PNG: Portable Network Graphics File format for graphics network transmission PLO: Phase Locked Oscillator (Hardware) PNNI: Public Network Node Interface PLS: PhysicaL Signaling PNNI: Private Network to Network Interface P PLS: Primary Link Station PnP: PLU: Primary Logical Unit PNS: PeaceNet Sweden

PLV: Production Level Video PNW: Personal NetWare

PM: Peripheral Module PO: Parity Odd

PM: Phase Modulation POA: PostOfiice Agent (Novell) PM: Programming Model (Software) (Microsoft) POC: Point Of Contact PM: Presentation Manager POD: Proof of Deposit Software system used by financial institutions to verify teller PM: Power Management transactions. Usually consists of reader/sorter control software, (Hardware) reject-reentry system, and reporting systems (Software) PM: Preventative Maintenance POD: Power On Display

PM: Process Manager POD: Publishing On Demand

PM/X: Presentation Manager for X POD: Plain Old Dos

PMA: Program Memory Area POE: Power Open Environment

PMA: Physical Medium Attachment POEP: Primary Operand Execution Pipeline

PMA: Photo Marketing Association POF: Plastic Optic Fiber (Organizations) POH: Path OverHead

Page 112 of 161 POH: Power-On Hours POV: Point Of View (Messages) POI: Path Overhead Indicator POWER: Performance Optimization With POI: Point Of Interaction Enhanced Risc (IBM) POI: Point Of Information PowerPC: Performance Optimization With POI: Point Of Interest Enhanced Risc Performance Computing

POL: Problem Oriented Language PP: Physical Plane

POOL: Parallel Object Oriented Language PP: Physical Partition

POP: Package for Online Programming PP: Parallel Port

POP: PostOffice Protocol PPA: Pixel Processing Accelerator A standard protocol used for retrieving e-mail from a mail (Hardware) server (Network) PPC: PowerPC POP: Point Of Presence PPC: Program to Program Communication (Network) POP3: PostOffice Protocol 3 PPD: PostScript Printer Description File name extension POPA: POP All registers PPDS: Personal Printer Data Stream POPF: POP Flags (IBM) PPGA: Plastic Pin Grid Array POPL: Principles of Programming Languages PPI: Programmable Peripheral Interface POR: Point Of Return PPI: Precise Pixel Interpolation POR: Plan Of Record ppi: Pixels Per Inch POR: Power-On-Reset PPID: Parent Process IDentifier POS: POSitive PPL: Pcboard Programming Language POS: Point Of Sale PPL: Polymorphic Programming Language (Hardware) POS: Programmable Option Select PPM: Pulse Position Modulation

POS: Packet Over Sonet ppm: Pages Per Minute (Network) Printing engine speed (Hardware) POS: Persistent Object Server PPN: Project Programmer Number P POS: Parent Over Shoulder PPP: Point to Point Protocol (Network) POSE: Picture-Oriented Software Engineering PPPoE: Point to Point Protocol Over Ethernet POSI: Promoting conference for Open (Network) System Interconnect PPPoI: Point to Point Protocol Over Isdn POSIX: Portable Operating System for unIX (Network) A set of standards that define the applications interface to basic system services for input/output, file system access, and PPS: Public Packet Switching process management. It uses the C programming language, which establishes standard semantics and syntax (Operating PPS: Power Personal Systems systems) (IBM) POST: Power On Self Test PPS: Packets Per Second Personal computer boot test (Network) POSTNET: POSTal Numeric Encoding PPT: PowerPoinT Technique File format for slide presentations (Microsoft) Bar code PPTP: Point to Point Tunneling Protocol POSYBL: PrOgramming SYstem for A system designed to help create Virtual Private Networks over distriButed appLications the Internet and protect the data sent over public wires (Network) POTS: Plain Old Telephone Service PQ: PowerQuest POTS: Plain Old Time Sharing Manufacturer (Operating systems) PQFP: Plastic Quad Flat Package

Page 113 of 161 : Packet Radio PROM: Programmable Read Only Memory A permanent memory chip programmed by the user rather than PR: Public Relations at the chip manufacturer, as is true with a ROM. You need a PROM programmer or burner to write data onto a PROM PR: Performance Rating (Hardware) (Hardware) PROMATS: PROgrammable MAgnetic Tape PRACSA: Public Remote Access Computer System Standards Association PROTEL: Procedure Oriented Type PRAM: Parallel Random-Access Machine Enforcing Language PRAM: Parameter Random Access Memory PRTSC: PRinT SCreen

PRC: Pilot Resource PS: Privilege Service File name extension (3Com) PS: PostScript PRD: PRinter Driver File format for graphic printers File name extension PS: Personal Services PReP: Powerpc REference Platform Office automation integrated programs (Software) PREPNet: Pennsylvania Research and PS: Presentation Services Economic Partnership NETwork PS: Power Supply PRF: Problem Report Form (Hardware) PRF: PReFerences PS: Proportional Spacing File name extension PS/2: Personal System 2 PRF: Pulse Repetition Frequency IBM personal computer family (Hardware) (IBM) PRI: Primary Rate Interface PSAPI: Presentation Space Application An ISDN standard, similar to basic rate interface (BRI), defined Programming Interface by CCITT protocol, but providing multiple B channels (23 or 30) PSC: Print Server Command supported by a single D channel (Communication) PRIDE: PRofitable Information by DEsign PSC: Product Service Center

PRISM: Parallel Reduced Instruction Set PSC: Personal Super Computer Multiprocessing PSC: Primary Site Controller PRISM: PhotoRefractive Information (Operating systems) (Microsoft) Storage Materials PSCNet: Supercomputing Center (Hardware) NETwork PRJ: PRoJect PSD: Programmer's Supplementary File name extension (Inprise) Documents P PRMD: PRivate Management Domain PSD: Postal Security Device PRML: Partial-Response Maximum- (Hardware) Likelihood PSDC: Public Switched Digital Capability PRN: Printer PSDN: Packet-Switched Data Network PRNG: Pseudo-Random Number Generator (Network) PSDS: Packet-Switched Data Service PRO: PROfile (Communication) File name extension PSE: Packet Switch Exchange PROC: PROCedure PSE: Port Switched Ethernet PROCFS: PROCess FIle System A type of file system that resides in memory. The PROCFS PSE: Persistent Storage Engine contains a list of active processes, by process number, in the (Databases) /proc directory. Information in the /proc directory is used by commands such as ps (Operating systems) PSF: Print Services Facility PROFS: PRofessional OFfice System PSF: Permanent Swap File (IBM) PROG: PROGram PSID: PostScript Image Data

PROGID: PROGrammatic IDentifier PSIU: Packet Switch Interface Unit (Software) PSK: Phase-Shift Keying PROLOG: PROgramming in LOGic (Communication) Programming language (Software) PSL: Problem Statement Language

Page 114 of 161 PSL: Public Software Library PTT: Postal Telegraph and Telephone (Organizations) PSM: Personal Software Marketing PTW: Primary Translation Word PSM: Persistent Storage Module (Databases) PTY: Pseudo-Terminal driver PSM: Printing Systems Manager PU: Physical Unit (Hardware) PSN: Processor Serial Number (Hardware) PUB: PUBlic PSN: Packet Switching Network PUC: Peripheral Unit Controller A node in the ARPANET and MILNET, formerly called an interface message processor (IMP) (Network) PUC: Public Utilities Commission PSP: Personal Software Product PUCP: Physical Unit Control Point (IBM) PUN: Physical Unit Number PSP: Program Segment Prefix PUP: Parc Universal Packet PSPDN: Packet-Switched Public Data Protocol Network PURL: Persistent Uniform Resource Locator PSR: PowerSoft Report Instead of pointing directly to the location of an Internet (Databases) (Sybase) resource, a PURL points to an intermediate resolution service. PSRAM: PseudoStatic Random Access The PURL resolution service associates the PURL with the Memory actual URL and returns that URL to the client. (Hardware) PUS: Processor Upgrade Socket

PSRG: Privacy and Security Research Group PUSHA: PUSH All registers

PSRT: PostScript Round Table PUSHF: PUSH Flags

PSS: Packet Switch Services PV: Physical Volume

PSS: Product Support Service PVC: Permanent Virtual Circuit PST: Pacific Standard Time Dedicated end-to-end virtual circuit that is set up permanently in an ATM network (Network) Timezone: GMT -8:00 PVC: PolyVinyl Chloride PST: Pakistan Standard Time Timezone: GMT +5:00 PVM: Perc Virtual Machine PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network (Operating systems) PVM: Pass-through Virtual Machine PSU: Program Storage Unit (IBM) P PSU: Power Supply Unit PVM: Parallel Virtual Machine

PSW: Program Status Word PVP: Packet Video Protocol

PT: Payload Type PVP: Parallel Vector Processing

PT: Page Table PVS: Parallel Visualization Server

PTD: Parallel Transfer Disk PW: PassWord

PTE: Path Terminating Equipment PWB: Programmer's WorkBench (Microsoft) PTE: Page Table Entry PWB: Printed Wire Board PTF: Problem Temporary Fix (IBM) PWD: Print Working Directory PTF: Print To Fax PWM: Pulse-Width Modulation Fax driver for Lotus Domino Fax Server (Software) (Communication) PTI: Packet Type Identifier PWP: Personal Web Pages (Microsoft) PTML: Proxicom Template Markup Language PWPN: PowWow for Private Networks PTOCA: Presentation Text Object Content Instant messaging program (Software) Architecture PWR: PoWeR PTR: Point-in-Time Repair Backup disaster recovery procedure (Software) PWS: Programmable WorkStation (Hardware)

Page 115 of 161 PWS: Personal Web Server (Network) PWS: Peer Web Services (Network) (Microsoft) PWSCS: Programmable WorkStation Communication Services (IBM) PX: Primary indeX (Inprise) PXE: Preboot eXecution Environment

P

Page 116 of 161 Q

Q&A: Questions & Answers QLI: Query Language Interpreter

QA: Quality Assurance QLLC: Qualified Logical Link Control

QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation QMF: Query Management Facility (Communication) (IBM) QAS: Quasi-Associated Signaling QMT: Quicken Memorized lisT File name extension (Intuit) QBE: Query By Example QNX: Quicken iNdeXes (Databases) File name extension (Intuit) QBF: Query by Form QoS: Quality Of Service QBIC: Query By Image Content QoS can be characterized by several basic performance (Databases) criteria, including availability, response time and throughput, lost calls or transmissions due to network congestion, QC: Quantum Coprocessor connection set-up time, and speed of fault detection and (Hardware) correction (Network) QC: Quality Control QoSR: Qualiy Of Service Raouting A dynamic routing protocol that has expanded its path-selection QCDP: Quality Color Dithering Modus criteria to include QoS parameters such as available bandwidth, link and end-to-end path utilization, node resources QCIF: Quarter Common source consumption, delay and latency, and induced jitter (Network) Intermediate Format QPA: Quad Port Acceleration A video format in which frames are 180 pixels wide and 144 (Hardware) (Intel) pixels high (1/4 the size of the CIF format). Each pixel has its own luminance value; however, blocks of 4 pixels share QPG: Quantum Phase Gate chrominance values QPL: Qualified Product List QD: Querty/Dvorak Keyboard layout QPSK: Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying QDA: Qualitative Data Analysis (Communication) QSAM: Queued Sequential Access Method QDI: Quicken DIctionary File name extension (Intuit) QT: QuickTime QDL: Quadri Data Layer File Format for movies (Apple) QTAM: Queued Teleprocessing Access QDOS: Quick and Dirty Operating System Method MS-DOS ancestor (Operating systems) (IBM) QDT: Quicken DaTa QTC: QuickTime Conferencing File name extension (Intuit) Q (Apple) QEA: Queued Event Architecture QTD: Quarter To Date QEMM: Quarterdeck Expanded Memory Time series function Manager QUARC: QUarterdeck's Antivirus Research (Operating systems) (Quarterdeck) Center QFA: Quick File Access (Quarterdeck) QUEL: QUEry Language QFE: Quick Fix Engineering (Software) QXGA: Quad eXtended Graphics Array QFP: Quicken Financial Planner Video specification for a resolution of 2048 X 1536 pixels (Software) (Intuit) (Hardware) QFP: Quad Flat Pack

QIC: Quality Information using Cycle time

QIC: Quarter-Inch Cartridge An industry-standard 1/4-inch magnetic tape cartridge used for data backup or storage (Hardware) QIF: Quicken Interchange Format File format for financial data (Software) QKD: Quantum Key Distribution

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Page 118 of 161 R

R&D: Research & Development RAND: Rural Area Network Design

R/O: Read Only RAND: RANDom

R/T: Receive/Transmit RAP: Rapid Application Prototyping

R/W: Read/Write RAPI: Remote access Application Programming Interface RA: Return Authorization (Software) (Microsoft) RA: Real Audio RAPI: Rsvp Application Programming File name extension Interface An RSVP-specific API that enables applications to interface RAB: Raid Advisory Board explicitly with an RSVP process (Network) Industry organization of manufacturers and users of disk systems and related products whose mission is to educate RAPS: Real Application on Parallel Systems users regarding all aspects of storage technology, and in particular, RAID technology. (Organizations) RARE: Reseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne RACF: Resource Access Control Facility The European Association of Research Networks. Now called RACMan: Remote Automation Connection TERENA (Network) MANager RARP: Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (Network) (Network) RAD: Rapid Access Disk RAS: Row-Address Strobe

RAD: Rapid Application Development RAS: Remote Access Service (Network) RADAR: RAdio Detection And Ranging RAS: Reliability, Availability, Serviceability RADAR: Rights, Availabilities, Distribution Analysis and Reporting RAS: Random Access Storage RADB: Routing Arbiter Data Base RAS: Reader Admission System

RADIUS: Remote Authentication Dial-In RASAPI: Remote Access Service Application User Service Programming Interface RADSL: Rate Adaptive Digital Subscriber (Microsoft) Line RATP: Reliable Asynchronous Transfer (Communication) Protocol RAG: Row Address Generator RAVE: Rendering Acceleration Virtual Engine RAID: Redundant Array of Inexpensive (Apple) Disks (Hardware) RB: Right Button R RAIS: Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive RBA: Relative Byte Address Systems RBBS: Remote Bulletin Board System RALU: Register-equipped Arithmetic Logic Unit RBCS: Remote Bar Code System (Hardware) RBF: Random Block Filemanager RAM: Random Access Memory (Hardware) RBH: Remote Bridge Hub

RAM: Real Audio Metafile RBL: Realtime Black List File name extension Antispam tool RAMDAC: Random Access Memory Digital to RBOC: Regional Bell Operating Company Analog Converter The local telephone company in each of the seven U.S. regions. Chip on a video board that generates the analog video signals (Communication) (Hardware) RC: Release Candidate RAMP: Remote Access Maintenance Protocol Pre-release version of a program (Software) (Network) RC: Resource Compiler RAMP: Risk Analysis and Management (Software) Program

Page 119 of 161 RCA: Radio Corporation of America RDM: Remote Diagnostic Manager (Organizations) (Operating systems) (Acer) RCC: Remote Cluster Controller RDM: Remote Data Module

RCF: Reader's Comment Form RDN: Relative Distinguished Name (Operating systems) RCL: Rotate Carry Left RDO: Remote Data Object RCP: Restore Cursor Position RDOS: Real-time Disk Operating System RCP: Remote CoPy (Operating systems)

RCP: Remote Control Panel RDP: Remote Display (or Desktop) Protocol (Network) (Microsoft) RCR: Rotate Carry Right RDP: Reliable Datagram Protocol RCS: Records Communications System RDRAM: Rambus Dynamic Random Access RCS: Revision Control System Memory (Hardware) RCSS: Records Communications Switching RDS: Radio Digital System System RCTC: Rewritable Consumer Time Code RDS: Remote Data Service (Databases) RD: Recursive Design RDSR: Receiver Data Service Request RD: Receive Data RDT: Radio Digital Terminal (Hardware) RD: Remove Directory RDTO: Receive Data Transfer Offset (IBM) RD-LAP: Radio Data Link Access Protocol RDX: Realistic Display miXer RDA: Remote Data Access RE/TM: Rare Earth/Transition Metal RDAO: Remote Data Access Object REC: RECorder (Software) (Microsoft) File name extension RDB: Rigid Disk Block RED: Random Early Detection RDB: Relational DataBase A congestion-avoidance algorithm developed in the early 1990s built on the base-level TCP behavior of automatically slowing (Databases) transmissions when packet loss is detected (Network) RDB: Receive Data Buffer REF: REFerence RDBMS: Relational DataBase Management REG: REGister System (Software) REGAL: Rigid Epoxy Glass Acrylic Laminate RDBMS-MIB: Relational DataBase REGEX: REGular EXpression Management System - Management R Information Base REGIS: REmote Graphics Instruction Set RDC: Remote Data Control ReLaTe: REmote LAnguage TEaching (Microsoft) RDC: Ricoh Digital Camera RELSECT: RELative SECTor (Hardware) (Ricoh) REM: Remote Equipment Module RDD: Replicable Database Driver REM: REMote RDE: Receive Data Enable (Hardware) REM: REMark RDES: Remote Data Entry System REM: Ring Error Monitor

RDF: Resource Description Framework : Ringer Equivalence Number (Netscape) REN: REName RDF: Resource Definition Format (Software) REP: REPeat

RDI: Remote Defect Indicator REPE: REPeat while Equal

RDL: Remote Digital Loopback REPNE: REPeat while Not Equal

RDM: Reliably Delivered Message REPNZ: REPeat while Not Zero

Page 120 of 161 REPZ: REPeat while Zero RIAA: Recording Industry Association of America REQ: REQuest (Organizations) RES: Remote Execution Service RID: Record IDentifier

RES: RESet RIDE: Rapid Integrated Drive Electronics (Hardware) RES: RESolution RIFF: Resource Interchange File Format RES: RESource File name extension (Microsoft) File name extension RIG: Related Interest Group RET: Resolution Enhancement Technology (HP) RIM: Remote Installation and Maintenance (Microsoft) RET: RETurn RIME: Relaynet International Message RETR: RETRieve Exchange

REX: Relocatable EXecutable RIMM: Rambus In line Memory Module (Hardware) REXEC: Remote EXECution RIP: Raster-Image Processor REXX: Restructured EXtended eXecutor RIP: Remote Imaging Protocol Programming language (IBM) RF: Radio Frequency RIP: Routing Information Protocol (Communication) An Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) with Berkeley UNIX (Network) RFC: Remote Function Call RIPE: Reseaux Internet Protocol Européens (Software) The European continental TCP/IP network operated by EUnet RFC: Request For Comments (Network)

RFD: Request for Discussion RIPEM: Riordan's Enhanced Mail RFE: Request for Enhancement RIPES: Reconnaissance Imagery RFI: Request For Information Processing & Exploitation System RIPL: Remote Initial Program Load RFI: Radio Frequency Interference RIPS: Raster Image Processing System RFID: Radio Frequency IDentification RIR: Regional Internet Registry RFP: Request For Proposal (Network) RFQ: Request For Quotation RIS: Remote Intallation Service (Operating systems) (Microsoft) RFQ: Request For Quote RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer RFS: Remote File System A computer architecture that uses fewer and less complex (Operating systems) instructions than complex instruction set computing (CISC). Some complex instructions performed by hardware in CISC R RFS: Remote computers are done by software in RISC computers (Hardware) RFT: Revisable Form Text RISLU: Remote Integrated Services Line Unit RFU: Reserved for Future Use RIT: Raw Input Thread RGB: Red Green Blue (Microsoft) The color systems obtain their colors through a direct RJE: Remote Job Entry combination of red, green, and blue components. The range of colors that can be displayed depends on the number of bits that RKRM: Rom Kernel Reference Manual have been assigned to each pixel (Hardware) RH: Request (or Response) Header RLD: Received Line Detect

RHCE: Red Hat Certified Engineer RLE: Run Length Encoding

RHD: Removable Hard Drive RLL: Run Length Limited (Hardware) Magnetic supports read/write technology (Hardware) RI: Referential Integrity RLN: Remote Lan Node (Databases) RLP: Radio Link Protocol RI: Ring Indicate RLP: Resource Location Protocol

Page 121 of 161 RLSD: Received Line Signal Detected ROI: Return On Investment

RLT: Remote Line Test ROL: ROtate Left

RM: Resource Management ROLAP: Relational OnLine Analytical Processing RM: Reset Mode ROM: Read Only Memory RM: Relay Module (Hardware) (Hardware) ROOM: Real-time Object-Oriented Modeling RMA: Return Material Authorization ROP: Remote OPeration RMB: Right Mouse Button ROP: Risc OPeration RMD: Required Markup Declaration ROP: Raster OPeration RMDIR: ReMove DIRectory The logical operations (called ANDs, ORs, NORs, and so on) performed on portions of the bit planes—called bitmaps or RMI: Remote Method Invocation pixmaps—in the frame buffer. These operations perform (Software) fundamental movements and transfers of pixel data RMI: Remote Messaging Interface ROR: ROtate Right

RMID: Resource Manager IDentifier ROS: Read-Only Storage (IBM) RMM: Ring Management Module ROSCOE: Remote Operating System RMON: Resident MONitor Conversational Online Environment ROSE: Remote Operations Service Element RMON: Remote MONitoring A lightweight RPC protocol used in ISO/OSI message handling, RMP: Remote Maintenance Processor directory, and network management application protocols (IBM) ROT: Running Object Table RMS: Reason Maintenance System (Software) ROT: Rule Of Thumb RMS: Record Management System (Operating systems) (DEC) ROTFL: Rolling On The Floor Laughing RMS: Root Mean Square (Messages) RP: Relay Party RMSE: Root Mean Square Error RPC: Remote Procedure Call RMT: Raw Magnetic Tape Interprocess communication mechanism (Software) RMT: Ring ManagemenT RPCL: Remote Procedure Call Language

RMTP: Reliable Message Transport Protocol RPG: Report Program Generator Programming language (Software) RMW: Read, Modify, Write RPL: Remote Program Load RN: Read News R RPL: Remote Program Link RNA: Remote Network Access (Microsoft) RPL: Resident Programming Language RND: RaNDom RPL: Requested Privilege Level

RNG: Random Number Generator RPM: Radio Packet Modem

RNI: Raw Native Interface RPM: Red-hat Package Manager Native interface proposed by Microsoft (Software) (Microsoft) (Operating systems) RNOC: Regional Network Operations Center rpm: Rounds Per Minute

RNP: Regional Network Provider RPN: Real Page Number

RNR: Receive Not Ready RPN: Reverse Polish Notation

RNS: Run from Network Server RPPROM: ReProgrammable Programmable (Software) Read Only Memory RNUI: Remote Network User Identification RPQ: Request for Price Quotation

ROB: ReOrder Buffer RPR: Relative Performance Rating (Intel) RPT: RePeaT ROD: Rewritable Optical Disk

Page 122 of 161 RQBE: Relational Query By Example RSS: Rdf Site Summary (Microsoft) A universal way for developers to describe their sites RQN: Real-Quick Newsletter RST: ReSeT FreeBSD newsletter (Operating systems) RST: ReSTart RR: Radio Resource RSTS: Resource Sharing Time Sharing RR: Real Reality (DEC) RRAS: Routing Remote Access Service RSTS/E: Resource (Network) Sharing/Enhanced RRCM: Reservation Request Control RSVP: Resource reSerVation Protocol Mechanism An IETF standard which allows an end device and a network to negotiate specific QoS characteristics (Network) RRDS: Relative Record Data Set RSX: Realistic Sound eXperience RRIP: Rock Ridge Interchange Protocol RSX: Realtime resource Sharing eXecutive RRN: Relative Record Number RT: Real-Time RRP: Recommended Retail Price RT: Risc Technology RRVP: Resource ReserVation Protocol (Network) RT: Run Time RS: Registry Service RT/DSS: Real Time/Decision Support Service RS: Recommended Standard RTAM: Remote Terminal Access Method RS: Register Select (Hardware) RTC: Real-Time Clock (Hardware) RS: Record Separator RTDM: Real-Time RS: Radio Shack RTEL: Reverse TELnet RS-PC: Reed Solomon Product Code RTF: Rich Text Format RSA: Random Scheduling Algorithm File format for documents RSA: Rivest-Shamir-Adleman RTFM: Read The F***ing Manual FAQ by beginner (Messages) RSAC: Recreational Software Advisory RTG: Real Time Geometry Council (Organizations) RTI: ReTurn from Interrupt RSACI: Recreational Software Advisory RTL: Resistor Transistor Logic Council on the Internet (Organizations) RTL: Run Time Library RSCS: Remote Spooling Communications RTL: Right-To-Left System R RSD: Route Server Daemon RTL: Register Transfer Language

RSH: Remote SHell RTM: RunTime Manager (Inprise) RSI: Repetitive Stress Injury RTM: Response Time Monitor RSL: Resilient Server Link RTMP: Routing Table Maintenance Protocol RSL: Request-and-Status Link RTN: Recursive Transition Network RSM: Route Switch Module (Network) Basically a router on a card in the switch for routing between RTN: Reuters Transaction Network Virtual Local Area Networks (Network) RSM: Remote Storage Management RTOS: Real Time Operating System (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Operating systems) RSP: Required Space Character RTP: Real-time Transport Protocol (Communication) RSPX: Remote Sequenced Packet eXchange RTP: Rapid Transport Protocol RSS: Relay Spam Stopper RTR: Real Time Replicator (Network)

Page 123 of 161 RTS: Request To Send Serial port signal (Communication) RTS: Remote Takeover System

RTSE: Reliable Transfer Service Element A lightweight ISO/OSI application service used above X.25 networks to handshake application PDUs across the session service and TP0 (Network) RTSP: Real Time Streaming Protocol (Communication) RTTI: Run-Time Type Information (Software) RTTY: Radio TeleTYpewriter

RTU: Right To Use The Sun software licensing, usually included in the price of the software (Sun) RTU: Real Time Unix

RTV: Real-Time Video

RTX: Run Time eXtension

RU: Request (or Response) Unit

RUN: Rewind/UNload (IBM) RUW: Remote Unit of Work (IBM) RVA: Relative Virtual Address

RVI: ReVerse Interrupt

RW: Read Write Device capability to read and write its media (Hardware) RWM: Read-Write Memory

RWU: Remote Wake Up (Network) RX: Receive

RXD: Receive Data

RZ: Return to Zero Return to Zero R

Page 124 of 161 S

S-DSMA: Slotted Digital Sense Multiple SAIL: Stanford Artificial Intelligence Access Laboratory S-HTTP: Secure HyperText Transport SAINT: Symbolic Automatic INTegrator Protocol SAL: Shift Arithmetic Left (Network) S-VHS: Super Video Home System SAM: Scsi-3 Architecture Model

S.u.S.E.: Software Und SystemEntwicklung SAM: Single Application Mode (Microsoft) S/H: Sample/Hold SAM: System Administration Module S/MIME: Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail (Operating systems) Extensions SAM: Security Accounts Manager (Network) (Operating systems) S/N: Signal to Noise SAM: Sequential Access Method

S/PDIF: Sony/Phillips Digital Interface SAM: Serial Access Memory Format S/STP: Screened Shielded Twisted Pair SAN: Storage Area Network

S/TK: Sectors per TracK SAN: System Area Network (Network) S/UTP: Screened Unshielded Twisted Pair SANE: Standard Apple Numeric Environment SA: Structered Analysis (Apple) SAP: Service Advertising Protocol SA: Source Adress (Network) SA: Security Association SAP: Service Access Point The point at which the services of an OSI layer are made SA: Selective Availability available to the next higher layer. The SAP is named according to the layer providing the services SAA: Systems Application Architecture SAP: Systeme, Anwendungen, Produkte in SAAL: Signalling Atm Adaptation Layer der datenverarbeitung A german company that produces the leading suite of client- SABM: Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode server business software ("Systems, Applications and Products in data processing"). SABRE: Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment SAP: Symbolic Assembly Program SAC: Service Access Control SAP: Second Audio Program The Service Access Facility (SAF) master program (Operating systems) (Sun) SAPI: Speech Application Programming Interface SAC: Single Attachment Concentrator (Software) (Microsoft) S SACL: System Access Control List SAR: Store Address Register (Operating systems) SAR: Shift Arithmetic Right SAD: Streams Administrative Driver A driver that provides an interface to the autopush mechanism SAR: Segmentation And Reassembly SADL: Synchronous Data Link Control SAR: Successive Approximation Register SADT: Structured Analysis and Design SAR: Synthetic Aperature Radar Techniques SAF: Service Access Facility SARC: Symantec's Antivirus Research A tool provided with the SunOS 5.3 operating system that Center controls access to local and network system services, such as (Symantec) printers, modems, and terminals (Operating systems) (Sun) SAS: Single Audio System SAF: Security Authentication Facility SAS: Single Attached Station SAFE: Security And Freedom through Encryption SAS: Statistical Analysis System SAG: Sql Access Group SAS: Sales Accounting System

Page 125 of 161 SASI: Sughart Associates System Interface SCADA: Supervisory Control And Data Old hard disk bus (Hardware) Acquisition SASL: Simple Authentication and Security SCAF: Service Control Agent Function Layer SCAM: Scsi Configuration AutoMatically SATAN: System Administration Tool for Analyzing Networks SCAS: SCAn String (Network) SCB: Subsystem Control Block SATF: Shared Access Transport Facility (IBM) SAVDM: Single Application Virtual Dos SCC: Scsi Controller Commands Machine SCC: Synchronous Channel Check SB: Sound Blaster (IBM) (Creative Labs) SCC: Standards Council of Canada SB: Sound Board (Organizations) SBA: Scene Balance Algorithms SCC: SuperComputer Center (Kodak) SCC: Serial Controller Chip SBB: Subtract With Borrow SCC: Serial Communications Controllers SBC: Scsi Block Commands SCCP: Signaling Connection Control Part SBC: Single-Board Computer (Hardware) SCCS: Source Code Control System SBCCS: Single Byte Command Code Set A software development tool for tracking file versions during a long, involved software development or documentation project SBCM: Small Business Customer Manager (Software) (Microsoft) SCD: Sparc Compliance Definition SBCR: Smart Business Card Reader A formal specification of the system hardware and software to be met by manufacturers of SPARC systems to ensure that (Hardware) those systems run compliant applications (Sun) SBCS: Single-Byte Character Set SCD: Standard Color Display

SBF: Sequential Block Filemanager SCDMA: Synchronous Code-Division Multiple Access SBI: Speaker Box Interface An interface that integrates audio capability with ISDN on the SCE: Structure Chart Editor Sun workstation (Hardware) (Sun) SCE: Security Configuration Editor SBI: Sound Blaster Instrument (Operating systems) (Microsoft) SBL: Softbridge Basic Language SCEF: Service Creation Environment (Software) Function SBM: Subnet Bandwidth Manager SCF: Service Control Function An IETF proposed standard for handling resource reservations on shared and switched IEEE 802-style local-area media SCF: Sequential Character Filemanager (Network) SCF: System Control Facility SBN: Site Builder Network S (Microsoft) SCI: Interface SBP: Serial Bus Protocol (Hardware) (Hardware) SCI: Scalable Coherent Interface

SBR: Source BRowser SCIL: Serial Control Interface Logic File name extension (Inprise) (Hardware) SBS: Small Business Server SCLM: Software Configuration and Library (Operating systems) (Microsoft) Management SBS: Smart Battery Specification (IBM) (Hardware) SCM: Service Control Manager SBS: Small Buisness Suite (Microsoft) (Software) (Novell) SCM: Software Configuration Management SC: Smart Card (Hardware) SCM: Station Class Mark SCA: Simple Connector Attachment SCO: Santa Cruz Operation (Hardware) SCOOPS: SCheme Object Oriented Programming System

Page 126 of 161 SCOPE: Simple COmmunications SDA: Screen Design Aid Programming Environment (Hayes) SDA: System Display Architecture (DEC) SCOS: Single Object Copy Store (Software) (Lotus) SDA: Source Data Automation SCP: Sunlink Communications Processor SDA: Software Disk Array A printed circuit board that enables multi-vendor connection with either synchronous or asynchronous operation. The SCP SDA: Self-Decrypting Archive works with SNA 3270 and X.25 SunLink software products (Security) (Hardware) (Sun) SDAI: Standard Data Access Interface SCP: Session Control Properties (Network) SDAM: Single Dos Application Mode SCP: Save Cursor Position SDB: Symbolic DeBugger

SCP: System Control Program SDD: Super Density Disk

SCP: Subsystem Control Port SDD: Subscriber Data Document

SCPC: Single Channel Per Carrier SDD: System Distribution Directory

SCQL: Structured Card Query Language SDD: Software Description Database (Databases) SDDI: Shielded Distributed Data Interface SCR: Standard Context Routing SDDS: Sony Dynamic Digital Sound SCR: Sustainable Cell Rate Multi-channel (5.1 or 7.1) digital audio format, compressed from SCR: Silicon Controlled Rectifier PCM at 48 kHz. The data rate can go up to 1280 kbps SDE: Spatial Database Engine SCR: SCRipt (Databases) File name extension SDF: System Dialog Facility SCRN: SCReeN SDF: Space Delimited Format SCRS: Scalable Cluster of Risc Systems File name extension SCS: Sna Character String SDF: Standard Data Format File name extension SCSA: Sun Common Scsi Architecture SDH: Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SCSA: Signal Computing System Architecture SDI: Storage Device Interface (Dialogic) SDI: Storage Device Interconnect SCSI: Small Computers System Interface An industry standard for connecting etherogeneous devices SDI: Standard Disk Interface (disks, tapes, CD-ROMs, ...) to a workstation (Hardware) SDI: Single Document Interface SCSIHQ: Small Computers System (Software) (Microsoft) Interface Hardware Qualifier SDI: Selective Dissemination of Information Hardware troubleshooting program (Operating systems) (Microsoft) SDI: Software Development Interface S SCU: System Control Unit SDIS: Switched Digital Integrated Service SCW: Setup Computer Wizard (Microsoft) SDK: Software Development Kit (Software) SCX: Specialized Communications eXchange SDKJ: Software Development Kit for Java SD: Structured Design SDL: System Design Language SD: Serial Digital (Communication) SDL: Specification and Description Language SD: Super Density (Hardware) SDL/GR: Specification and Description Language/Graphical Representation, SD: Single Density (Hardware) SDLC: Synchronous Data Link Control (Communication) SD: Send Data SDLP: Standard Device Level Protocol SD-ROM: Super Density Read Only Memory SDM: Semantic Data Model

Page 127 of 161 SDM: System Development Multitasking SECAM: SEquentiel Couleur Avec Mémoire A composite color standard based on line-alternate U and V SDMI: Secure Digital Music Initiative color difference signals that are frequency-modulated onto a color subcarrier SDMS: Scsi Device Management System (NCR) SECB: Severely Errored Cell Block SDN: Software Defined Network SECC: Single Edge Contact Cartridge (AT&T) (Hardware) SDNS: Secure Data Network Service SED: Stream EDitor

SDOC: Selective Dynamic Overload Controls SED: Stream-Oriented Editor

SDP: Specialized Data Point SEG: SEGment

SDR: Store Data Register SEH: Structured Exception Handling

SDR: Streaming Data Request SEL: SELector byte

SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic Random SEL: SELect Access Memory (Hardware) SEM: Sql Enterprise Manager (Databases) (Microsoft) SDS: Synchronous Data Set SEM: Strategic Enterprise Management SDS: Switched Data Service SEM: Standard Electronic Module SDS: Sun Directory Services (Operating systems) (Sun) SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope SDS: Sysops Distribution System SEP: Scalable Encryption Module

SDSC: Synchronous Data Set Controller SEPP: Single-Edge Processor Package (Hardware) SDSCnet: San Diego Supercomputer Center NETwork SEPP: Secure Encryption Payment Protocol SDSL: Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line SEQUEL: Structured English QUEry (Communication) Language SDTV: StanDard Definition Television SER: SERial

SDU: Service Data Unit SERCOS: SErial Realtime COmmunications System SDU: Software Distribution Utilities SERDES: SERializer/DESerializer SDV: Switched Digital Video (Hardware) (AT&T) SERK: Server Extensions Resource Kit SDX: Storage Data Acceleration Microsoft Frontpage server extensions additional documentation and software (Software) (Microsoft) SE: Special Edition SERM: Structured Entity Relationship Model SE: Sign Extension SET: Secure Electronic Transaction SE: Second Edition S SET: Softwave Engineering Technology (Software) SEA: Self Extracting Archive SETL: SEt Theory Language (Apple) SEU: Source Entry Utility SEA: Standard Extended Attribute (IBM) SEU: Smallest Executable Unit SEAC: Standards Eastern Automatic SF: Service Feature Calculator SF: Sign Flag SEAL: Simple and Efficient Adaptation Layer SFBI: Shared Frame Buffer Interconnect SEAL: Screening External Access Link (DEC) SFC: System File Checker SEAS: Solaris Easy Access Server (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Network) (Sun) SFD: Start Frame Delimiter

SEC: Single Edge Contact SFDR: Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (Hardware) (Intel) SEC: Single Error Correction

Page 128 of 161 SFF: Small Form Factor SHR: Shift Logical Right (Hardware) SHV: Standard High Volume SFN: Short FileName SI: Source Index SFPS: Secure Fast Packet Switching Processor register (Hardware) (IBM) SFQ: Stochastic Fair Queuing SI: System Integrator

SI: Serial Input A hash function used to map flow to (Hardware) one of set of queues (Network) SI: Shift-In SFQL: Structured Full-text Query Language SI: System Information SFS: System File Server SI/SO: Serial In/Serial Out SFT: System Fault Tolerant SI/SO: Shift In/Shift Out SFTP: Simple File Transfer Protocol SIA: Semiconductor Industry Association SFX: SelF eXtracting (Organizations) Archive with self extracting capabilities SIB: Service Independent building Block SFX: Sound eFfectS File name extension SIC: Silicon Integrated Circuit SG: Signal Ground SIC: Standard Industrial Code

SGA: Shared Global Area SID: Sccs delta ID The number used to represent a specific SCCS delta (Software) SGC: Scsi Graphic Command SID: System IDentification SGC: Server Gated Criptography (Microsoft) SID: Security IDentifier SGDT: Store Global Descriptor Table SID: Station IDentification (AT&T) SGEN: System GENerator SID: Serial Input Data SGEN: Signal GENerator SID: Symbolic Interactive Debugger SGI: , Inc Constructor (SGI) SID: Sound Interface Device (Hardware) SGM: Shaded Graphics Modeling SIDF: System Independent Data Format SGML: Standard Generalized Markup Language SIDH: System Identification for Home A method of tagging a document to apply to many format Systems elements. This language has become popular with the SIDT: Store Interrupt Descriptor Table increased use of the Internet SGMP: Simple Gateway Management SIFT: Stanford Information Filtering Tool Protocol SIG: Special Interest Group The predecessor to Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (Network) (Organizations) S SGR: Set Graphics Rendition SIG: SIGnature

SGRAM: Synchronous Graphics Random SIGBIT: Special Interest Group on Business Access Memory Information Technology (Hardware) SIGCAT: Special Interest Group on Cd-rom SHA: Secure Hash Algorithm Applications and Technology (Network) SIGGRAPH: Special Interest Group for SHAR: SHell ARchive GRAPHics A group sponsored by the Association for Computing SHD: Self-Healing Driver Machinery. SIGGRAPH holds an annual conference on (Operating systems) graphics that includes vendor product displays, lectures, and graphics technology courses (Organizations) SHED: Segmented Hypergraphics EDitor SIGPLAN: Special Interest Group on SHF: Super High Frequency Programming LANguages SII: Static Invocation Interface SHG: Segmented HyperGraphics SIL: Solid Immersion Lens SHL: Shift Logical Left Compact disk head technology (Hardware)

Page 129 of 161 SIM: SIMulator SLAN: Secure Local Area Network

SIM: Subscriber Identity Module SLC: Subscriber Line Concentrator (Communication) SIMD: Single Instruction, Multiple Data SLD: Second Level Domain SIMM: Single In line Memory Module (Network) A circuit board that holds surface- memory chips. A SLDRAM: Synchronous Link Dynamic SIMM is compact and efficient (Hardware) Random Access Memory SIMTEL: SIMulation and TELeprocessing (Hardware) : SIMULAtion SLDT: Store Local Descriptor Table Programming language SLED: Single Large Expensive Disk SIO: Serial Input/Output Refers to older mainframe hard disks that were used as a basis Communications driver for comparison during the initial UC Berkeley RAID studies. (Hardware) SIP: Scsi-3 Interlocked Protocol SLI: Scan Line Interlacing SIP: Smds Interface Protocol (Hardware) SIP: Single In-line Package SLIC: Serial Link and Interrupt Controller The packaging of an electronic component with all leads protruding from one side only (Hardware) SLIC: System Licensed Internal Code (IBM) SIP: Session Initiation Protocol SLIC: System Level Integration Circuit SIPC: Simply Interactive Personal Computer (Hardware) (Microsoft) SLIM: Structured Language for Internet Markup SIPO: Serial In, Parallel Out SLIP: Serial Line Internet Protocol SIPP: SImple Polygone Processor An Internet protocol used to run IP over serial lines such as telephone circuits or RS-232 cables interconnecting two SIPP: Simple Internet Protocol Plus systems. SLIP is now being replaced by PPP (Communication)

SIPP: Single In line Pin Package SLM: Service Level Management (Hardware) SLM: Spatial Light Modulator SIR: Substained Information Rate (Hardware)

SIR: Save Instruction Recognition SLMR: Silly Little Mail Reader

SIR: Serial InfraRed SLOSH: Sea, Lake and Overland Surge from (Communication) Hurricane SIRDS: Single-Image Random Dot SLP: Service Logic Program Stereogram SLP: Service Location Protocol SIRENE: Supplementary Information (Network) REquest at the National Entry SLR: Simple Lens Reflex SIS: Strategic Information System (Hardware)

SISAL: Streams and Iteration in a Single SLS: Softlanding Linux System Assignment Language S SLSI: Super Large Scale of Integration SIT: Stuff-IT The process of placing from 50,000 to 100,000 circuit File name extension (Apple) components. Also, the quality of their connections (Hardware) SIT: Special Information Tones SLSS: Systems Library Subscription Service (IBM) SIU: System Interface Unit SLU: Secondary Logical Unit SIVIT: SIemens VIrtual Touchscreen SLU: Spoken Language Understanding (Hardware) (Siemens-Nixdorf) SKIP: Simple Key management for Internet SM: System Management Protocol SM: Smart Media (Network) (Hardware) SKU: StockKeeping Unit SM: Set Mode SLA: Service Level Agreement SM: Shared Memory A contract between a service provider and customer defining provider responsibilities in terms of network levels, times of SMAE: System Management Application availability, method of measurement, consequences if service levels aren't met, and all costs involved (Network) Entity

Page 130 of 161 SMAF: Service Management Agent Function SMK: Software Migration Kit (Microsoft) SMAP: System Management Application Process SML: Service Management Layer SMAPI: Speech Manager Application SML: Siemens Modular Link Programming Interface (Software) SML: Standard Machine Language SMART: Self-Monitoring Analysis and SML: Shared Memory Link Reporting Technology Drives equipped with this feature report predicted failures SML: Standard Meta Language based on threshold values determined by the manufacturer. This allows the network manager to a drive before it SML/NJ: Standard Meta Language/New fails. (Hardware) Jersey SMASE: System Management Application SMLI: Stateful Multi-Layer Inspection Service Element SMM: System Manager's Manual SMASH: Simple, Many And Self-Healing Supercomputing architecture (Hardware) (IBM) SMM: System Management Mode (Intel) SMB: A common format for sharing files, directories and devices in SMOBC: Solder Mask Over Bare Copper Microsoft's operating systems (Operating systems) SMOR: Storage Manager On Rom SMBIIOS: System Management Basic Input (Hardware) (DPT) Output System SMP: Software Motion Picture SMBus: SMP: Symmetric MultiProcessing SMC: Scsi-3 Medium changer Command A form of multiprocessing in which more than one processor can run kernel-level code simultaneously (Hardware) SMD: Storage Module Device An industry-standard interface used for large-capacity, high- SMP: Symbolic Manipulation Program performance disks (Hardware) SMP: Simple Management Protocol SMD: Surface-Mount Device (Hardware) SMPC: Shared Memory Parallel Computer

SMDR: Storage Management Data Requester SMPS: Switching Mode Power Supply

SMDR: Station Message Detail Recording SMPTE: Society of Motion Picture & SMDS: Switched Multimegabit Data Service Television Engineers (Organizations) An emerging high-speed networking technology to be offered by the telephone companies in the U.S. SMRAM: System Management Random SMF: Service Management Function Access Memory SMS: System Management Server SMF: System Manager Facility (Compaq) SMS: Short Message Service SMF: Single Mode Fiber SMS: System Managed Storage SMFA: Special Management Functional (Hardware) (IBM) Element SMSW: Store Machine Status Word S SMG: Special Mobile Group SMT: Surface-Mount Technology SMI: Sun Microsystems Inc. (Hardware) SMT: Station ManagemenT SMI: Structure of Management Information The rules that define the objects that can be accessed through SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol a network management protocol (Network) The Internet email protocol. Defined in RFC 821, with SMI: System Management Interrupt associated message format descriptions in RFC 822 (Intel) SMU: System Management Utility SMI: Static Memory Interface SMX: Server Macro eXpansion (Hardware) SMIF: Standard Mechanical InterFace SN: Serial Number

SMIL: Synchronized Multimedia Integration SNA: System Network Architecture Language The proprietary network architecture of IBM (Network) (IBM) SMIT: System Management Interface Tool SNADS: System Network Architecture (IBM) Distribution Service (Network) (IBM)

Page 131 of 161 SNAFU: Situation Normal All Fouled Up SOG: Service Order Gateway (Messages) SOH: Start Of Header SNAM: Server Net Access Manager (Communication) (Network) SOHO: Small Office/Home Office SNAP: System and Network Administration Program SOL: Simulation Oriented Language

SNAP: SubNetwork Attachment Point SOM: Structered Object Method

SNAP: Sub-Network Access Protocol SOM: Scripting Object Model SNCA: Solaris Network Cache and (Software) Accelerator SOM: Start Of Message (Sun) (Communication) SNCP: Single Node Control Point SOM: System Object Model (Operating systems) (IBM) SND: SouND File Format for music SONAR: SOund Navigation And Ranging SNEWS: Secure NEWs Server SONDS: Small Office Network Data System

SNF: Server Natural Format SONET: Synchronous Optical NETwork North American transport standard for optical networks with SNI: Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme speeds from approximately 52 Mb/s (OC-1) to 10 Gb/s (OC- 192) (Network) SNI: Sna Network Interconnection SOP: Standard Operating Procedure SNI: Subscriber Network Interface SOP: Small Outline Package SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol SOS: Silicon On Sapphire The protocol that manages networks. SNMP-enabled devices (Hardware) can communicate with each other (Network) SOS: Sophisticated Operating System SNOBOL: StriNg Oriented symBOlic Language SOS: Standard and Open System Programming Language (Software) SOTA: State Of The Art SNP: Serial Number/Password SOX: SOund eXchange SNPP: Simple Network Paging Protocol SP: Signal Processor (Network) SNR: Signal to Noise Ratio SP: Stack Pointer CPU register (Hardware) (Intel) SNS: Subject Name Server SP: Sequence Processor SNTP: Simple Network Time Protocol (Hardware)

SO: Serial Output SP: Service Pack (Hardware) SP: System Product SO-DIMM: Small Outline Dual In line Memory Module SPA: Software Publishers Association S (Organizations) SOA: Start Of Authority SPA: Secure Password Authentication SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol (Microsoft) (Software) SPAG: Standards Promotion and SOB: Start Of Block Application Group (Communication) SPAN: Space Physics Analysis Network SOC: System On a Chip SPARC: Scalable Processor ARChitecture SOCKS: SOCKet Secure Architecture based on a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) concept. Sun and its suppliers designed the architecture SODIMM: Small Outline Dual In-line to significantly improve price and performance (Hardware) Memory Module (Sun) (Hardware) SPC: Scsi-3 Primary Command SOE: Standard Operating Environment SPC: Stored Program Control SOEP: Secondary Operand Execution SPC: Software Publishing Corp.. Pipeline

Page 132 of 161 SPC: Small Peripheral Controller SPM: System Performance Monitor (IBM) SPC: Statistical Process Control SPM/2: System Performance Monitor/2 SPCF: Service Point Command Facility SPOF: Single Point Of Failure SPCS: Stored Program Controlled Switch SPOOL: Simultaneous Peripheral SPD: Software Product Description Operations On Line (Software) SPOT: Shared Product Object Tree SPD: Serial Presence Detect (IBM)

SPDL: Standard Page Description Language SPP: Scalable Parallel Processing

SPDU: Session Protocol Data Unit SPP: Standard Printer Port

SPEC: Standard Performance Evaluation SPP: Sequenced Packet Protocol Corporation SPPS: Scalable Power Parallel System A group of participating computer system manufacturers that (IBM) develops a series of accepted test programs to measure system computing performance SPR: Symmetrical Phase Recording SPECFS: SPECial File System (Hardware) A pseudo file system that provides access to character special SPR: Software Problem Report and block devices (Operating systems) A bug report. (Software) SPF: Shortest Path First SPR: Special Purpose Register (Network) SPF: System Programming Facility SPR: Statistical Pattern Recognition

SPGA: Staggered Pin Grid Array SPREAD: Systems Programming, Research, Engineering And Development IC pins organization (Hardware) (IBM) SPI: Serial Peripheral Interface SPS: Structured PostScript SPI: Stream Programming Interface That PostScript code which has been commented and (Software) structured in a strict way to enable filters and print spoolers to manipulate it without actually processing any of the PostScript SPI: System Programming Interface code

SPI: Service Provider Interface SPS: Secure Packet Shield

SPI: Security Parameters Index SPS: Shock Protection System

SPI: Scsi Parallel Interface SPS: Standby Power System

SPID: Service Profile IDentifier SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social (Network) Sciences SPIKE: Science Planning Intelligent SPT: Sectors Per Track Knowledge-based Environment SPU: System Processing Unit SPIRE: Spatial Paradigm for Information Retrieval and Exploration SPUC/DL: Serial Peripheral Unit Controller/Data Link, "SPUC/DL" SPIRES: Stanford Public Information S REtrieval System SPUD: Storage Pedestal Upgrade Disk SPKM: Simple Public-Key Mechanism SPX: Sequenced Packet Exchange (Network) (Novell) SPL: SPooLer SQ: SQueezed SPL: Set Priority Level SQE: Signal Quality Error SPL: System Programming Language (HP) SQFP: Small Quad Flat Package IC package SPL: Schedule Plus type Library (Software) (Microsoft) SQL: Structured Query Language The international standard language for defining and accessing SPL: Stored Procedure Language relational databases (Databases) (Databases) SQL/CLI: Structured Query Language/Call SPL: SPelL checker Level Interface File name extension SQL/DS: Structured Query Language/Data SPLD: Simple Programmable Logic Device System (IBM)

Page 133 of 161 SQLJ: Structured Query Language for Java SS: Single-Sided (Databases) (Hardware) SQoS: Secure Quality Of Service SS: Solid State (Hardware) SQRT: SQuare RooT SS/SNA: Server to Server System Network SR: Status Register Architecture (Hardware) SS7: Signaling System 7 SR: Service Release SSA: Serial Storage Architecture SR: Shift Register (Hardware)

SRAM: Static Random Access Memory SSADM: Structured System Analysis and (Hardware) Design Method SRAM: Shadow Random Access Memory SSAP: Session Service Access Point

SRAPI: Speech Recognition Application SSAP: Source Service Access Point Programming Interface SSB: Single SideBand SRB: Source-Route Bridge SSBAM: Single SideBand Amplitude SRC: System Resource Controller Modulation

SRC: SouRCe SSC: Scsi Stream Command File name extension SSCF: Service Specific Coordination SRD: Screen Reader System Function

SRDRAM: Self-Refreshed Dynamic Random SSCOP: Service Specific Connection Access Memory Orientated Protocol SRE: Self Routing switch Element SSCP: Service Switching Control Point

SRF: Service Resource Function SSCP: System Services Control Point

sRGB: Standard Red Green Blue SSCS: Service Specific Convergence (Hardware) Sublayer SRL: Segmentation and Reassembly Layer SSD: Solid State Disk

SRM: Storage Resource Manager SSDU: Session Service Data Unit (Software) SSE: Software Support Engineer SRM: Security Reference Monitor SSE: Streaming Simd Extensions SRN: Source/Recipient Node Xeon CPU extension to the instruction set (Hardware) (Intel)

SRO: Sharable and Read Only SSEC: Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator SRP: Secure Remote Password (IBM) authentication SSF: Service Switching Function (Security) SRP: Source Routing Protocol SSFDC: Solid State Floppy Disc Card S Also known as SmartMedia (Hardware) SRP: Suggested Retail Price SSGA: System Support Gate Array

SRPI: Server-Requester Programming SSH: Secure SHell Interface (IBM) SSI: Small-Scale Integration SRQ: Service ReQuest The process of placing fewer than 10 components on one chip (Hardware) SRR: Serially Reusable Resource SSI: Server-Side Include

SRS: Screen Reader System SSI: Single System Image

SRS: Sound Retrieval System SSJS: Server-Side JavaScript (Software) SRS: Shared Registration System (Network) SSL: Synthesizer Specification Language SRVIFS: SeRVer Installable File System SSL: Secure Sockets Layer (Network) SS: Stack Segment CPU register (Hardware) (Intel) SSP: Silicon Switch Processor

Page 134 of 161 SSP: System Stack Pointer STF: STructured File File name extension (Lotus) SSP: Service Switching Point STI: SeT Interrupt flag SSP: Switch to Switch Protocol STING: Software Technology INterest Group SSP: System Support Program IBM s/36 operating system (Operating systems) (IBM) STIX: SmallTalk Interface to X SSPI: Security Support Provider Interface STL: Standard Template Library (Software) SSRP: Simple Server Redundancy Protocol (Cisco) STM: Synchronous Transfer Mode SSS: System Support Station STM: Scanning Tunneling Microscope (Hardware) (Hardware) SST: Systems Services and Technology STN: Super-Twist Nematic

SST: Simple Sipp Transition STN-LCD: SuperTwist Nematic Lyquid Crystal Display SST: Shiva Smart Tunneling STONE: STructured and OpeN Environment SST: Sustained Stewardship Teraflop (IBM) STOS: STOre String SST: Spread-Spectrum Technology STP: Spanning Tree Protocol

SST: Swedish Summer Time STP: Service Transaction Program Timezone: GMT +1:00 StP: Software Through Pictures SSU: System Setup Utility STP: Shielded Twisted Pair SSX: Small Services eXecutive (Hardware) Operating system (Operating systems) STP: Secure Transfer Protocol STA: Spanning Tree Algorithm STP: Signal Transfer Point STAR: Shareware Trade Association and Resources STP: Synchronized Transaction Processing

STAR: Self-defining Text ARchival STR: Synchronous Transmitter Receiver

STB: Software Technical Bulletin STR: Store Task Register

STB: Set-Top Box STRESS: STRuctural Engineering System (Hardware) Solver STB: STroBe Programming language STRUDL: STRUctural Design Language STC: SeT Carry flag Programming language STD: State Transition Diagram STScI: Space Telescope SCience Institute

STD: SeT Direction flag STT: Secure Transaction Technology (Microsoft) STD: STanDard STTL: Standard Transistor Transistor Logic S STDA: StreetTalk Directory Assistance (Hardware) (Banyan) STX: Start of TeXt STDAUX: STanDard AUXiliary (Communication) STDERR: STanDard ERRor STY: STYle File name extension STDIN: STanDard INput SU: Scalable Unit STDM: Statistical Time Division Multiplexer (Hardware)

STDOUT: STanDard OUTput SUA: Single User Account

STDPRN: STanDard PRiNter SUB: SUBstitute

STE: Section Terminating Equipment SUB: SUBroutine

STEP: Standard for The Exchange of SUB: SUBtract Product data SUG: Sun User's Group

Page 135 of 161 SUMA: Software Upgrade and Maintenance SWIG: Simplified Wrapper and Interface Agreement Generator (Software) SWISH: Simple Web Indexing System for SUNET: Swedish University NETwork Humans

SUNVIEW: SUN's Visual Integrated SWP: SWaP Environment for Workstations File name extension SUR: Shell Update Release SWP: Simple Web Printing (Operating systems) (Microsoft) SWS: Sun Web Server SURAnet: Southeastern Universities (Sun) Research Association NETwork SWT: Swedish Winter Time SUSP: System Use Sharing Protocol Timezone: GMT +1:00

SUT: Socket Under Test SXGA: Super eXtended Graphics Array Video specification for a resolution of 1280 X 1024 pixel SUTT: Single User Test Tools (Hardware)

SVC: Switched Virtual Circuit SXGA+: Super eXtended Graphics Array Plus Virtual connection set up only for the duration of a single communications session. In contrast, a permanent virtual circuit Video specification for a resolution of 1400 X 1050 pixels remains available at all times (Network) (Hardware) SVF: Simple Vector Format SYLK:

SVG: Scalable Vector Graphics SYM: SYMbols File name extension SVGA: Super Video Graphics Array SYMPL: SYsteM Programming Language Video specification for a resolution of 800 X 600 pixels in 256 colors (Hardware) SYN: SYNonym SVID: System V Interface Definition File name extension Applies to the Unix OS (Operating systems) SYNC: SYNChronous SVM: System Virtual Machine SYS: SYStem device driver (Microsoft) File name extension SVN: Switched Virtual Network SYS: SYStem (IBM) SVR: SerVeR SYS: SYStem configuration File name extension SVR4: System V Release 4 SYSAD: SYStem ADministrator SVRn: System V Release n SYSADMIN: SYStem ADMINistrator Applies to the Unix OS (Operating systems) SVRn: System V Release N SYSGEN: SYStem GENerator (AT&T) SYSLOG: SYStem LOG SVS: Symmetric Virtual Servers SYSMOD: SYStem MODification SW: SoftWare SYSOP: SYStem OPerator S SW: Status Word SYSREQ: SYStem REQuest SWAC: Standards Western Automatic Calculator SZ: Send Zmodem SWAIS: Simple Wide Area Information Server SWAK: Sealed With A Kiss Saying goodbye (Messages) SWAN: Sun

SWAP: Stewart Warner Array Program

SWAP: Shared Wireless Access Protocol (Communication) SWI: SoftWare Interrupts

SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication

Page 136 of 161 T

T: Tera TB: TeraByte Prefix for 1000 (or 1024) power 4 TBAV: ThunderByte Anti Virus T&E: Travel And Entertainement (Software) (Software) TBBS: The Bread Board System T&L: Transform And Lighting Graphics function TBC: Time Base Corrector T/B: Top/Bottom TBGA: Tape Ball Grid Array

T/R: Transmit/Receive TBK: ToolBooK File name extension TA: Terminal Adapter An ISDN-compatible device that converts non-ISDN TBMT: Transmitter Buffer eMpTy transmission to ISDN transmission (Hardware) (Hardware) TAB: Tape Automated Bonding TBO: Total Benefit of Ownership (Hardware) TBT: Technology Based Training TAC: Terminal Access Controller TBU: Tape Backup Unit TACACS: Terminal Access Controller Access- Control System TC: Transmission Convergence (Network) TC: Transmission Control TACS: Total Access Communication System (Communication) TAD: Telephone Answering Device TC: Technical Committee

TalAE: TALigent Application Environment TC: Test Control (Software) TCAM: TeleCommunication Access Method TalDE: TALigent Development Environment (IBM) TalOS: TALigent Object Services TCAP: Transaction Capabilities Application Part TAN: Table Area Network TCAV: Trend Chip Away Virus TAN: TransAction Number Antivirus hardware for motherboards that blocks boot-time viruses (Hardware) TAO: Track-At-Once TCL: Tool Control Language CD recording technology (Hardware) TAP: Terminal Access Point TCL/TK: Tool Control Language ToolKit

TAP: Telelocator Alphanumeric Protocol TCM: Thermal Conduction Module

TAPCIS: The Access Program for the TCM: Time Compression Multiplexer Compuserve Information Service TCM: Trellis-Coded Modulation TAPI: Telephony Application Programming Interface TCO: Total Cost of Ownership (Software) (Microsoft) T TCO: Tjänstemännens Central Organization TAR: Tape ARchive Swedish organization establishing norms for monitor electromagnetic emissions (Organizations) TAS: Totalnet Advanced Server (Hardware) (Sun) TCP: Transmission Control Protocol A communications protocol that ensures data is sent between TAS: Telcom Analysis System computers on the Internet (Network) (Hardware) TCP: Tape-Carrier Package TAS: Telephone Access Server (Hardware) TASM: Turbo ASseMbler TCP-ACO: Transmission Control Protocol (Software) (Inprise) Alternate Checksum Option TAT: Theoretical Arrival Time TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TAXI: Transparent Asynchronous The protocol suite originally developed for the Internet. SunOS Transceiver Interface networks run on TCP/IP by default. Also called Internet Protocol suite (Network)

Page 137 of 161 TCPBEUI: Transmission Control Protocol TE/2: Terminal Emulator/2 Bios Extended User Interface TEAMA: Taiwanese Electric Appliance TCPC: The Clean Personal Computer group Manufacturer's Association TCPLDP: Transmission Control Protocol TEB: Thread Environment Block extensions for Long Delay Paths TEC: Tokyo Electronics Corporation TCQ: Tagged Command Queuing SCSI feature to allow multiple I/O requests TECO: Text Editor and COrrector

TCSEC: Trusted Computer Systems TED: Tiny EDitor Evaluation Criteria TCSH: Trusted C SHell TEDIS: Trade Electronic Data Interchange Systems TD: Transmit Data TEI: Terminal Endpoint Identifier (Hardware) TEL: Tivoli Enterprise Console TD-CDMA: Time Division Code Division Multiple Access TELCO: TELephone Central Office (Communication) (Communication) TDC: Terrestrial Data Circuit TeleVAS: TELEphony Value Added Service

TDC: Tape Data Controller TELNET: TELephone NETwork

TDC: Tabular Data Control TEML: Turbo Editor Macro Language TDCC: Transportation Data Coordinating (Inprise) Comittee TEMP: TEMPorary

TDD: Telecommunications Device for the TEMS: Tornado Electronic Messaging Service Deaf (Software) TDE: Terminal Display Editor TEN: TransEuropean Network

TDES: Triple Data Encryption Standard TER: Thermal Eclipse Reading TDF: Trace Definition File (Sony) File name extension (IBM) TERMCAP: TERMinal CAPability

TDF: Typeface Definition File TERMINFO: TERMinal INFOrmation File name extension TDI: Transport Data Interface TERMPWR: TERMinator PoWeR

TDL: Test Description Language TFDD: Text File Device Driver

TDM: Telecom Designed Network TFEL: Thin-Film ELectroluminescent

TDM: Time-Division Multiplexing TFI: Terminal Facility Identifier (Communication) TFM: Tagged Font Metric TDM: Technical Document Management File name extension

TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access TFP: Tops Filing Protocol

TDMS: Terminal Display Management TFS: Translucent File Service System A copy-on-write file system that enables users to share file T hierarchies while providing each user with a private hierarchy TDP: Triton Data Path for saving files as they are modified

TDP: Tag Distribution Protocol TFT: Task File Table

TDP: Telelocator Data Protocol TFT: Thin Film Transistor LCD monitors manufacturing technology (Hardware) TDR: Time Domain Reflectometry TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol TDS: Tabular DataStream (Network) Database client to server communication protocol (Databases) TGA: TarGA TDSR: Transmitter Data Service Request File format for images TGC: Terminal Group Controller TDtoDP: Tablet Coordinates TO Display Coordinates TGT: Ticket Granting Ticket TE: Terminal Equipment (Security) An ISDN-compatible terminal device that is attached to the TH: Transmission Header ISDN at the user interface (Communication)

Page 138 of 161 THD: Total Harmonic Distortion TIS: Transaction Information System A sound quality parameter (lower is better) (Hardware) TITOFET: Tunneling-In, Tunneling-Out THEnet: Texas Higher Education NETwork Field Effect Transistor THOMAS: The House of representatives TK/TK: TracK to TracK Open Multimedia Access System TLA: Three Letters Acronym THOR: Tandy High-performance Optical Recording TLB: Translation Look-aside Buffer THR: Transmit Holding Register (Hardware) TLD: Top Level Domain THS: THeSaurus (Network) File name extension TLE: Template Language Extensions THT: Token Holding Timer (Software) THX: Tomlinson Holman eXperiment TLI: Transport Layer Interface Certification and quality control program that applies to sound An interface that is to supersede the socket-based interprocess systems and acoustics in theaters, home equipment, and digital communications mechanisms as the way to access transport mastering processes services. Modeled after the industry standard ISO Transport Service Definition (Communication) TI: Texas Instruments TLN: Trunk Line Network TI: Transport Independent TLP: Transmission Level Point TIA: Thank you In Advance (Messages) TLS: Transport Layer Security (Security) TIA: Telecommunications Industry Association TLS: Thread Local Storage (Software) TIA: The Internet Adapter TLSWG: Transport Layer Security Working TID: Target IDentifier Group (Organizations) TIES: Time Independent Escape Sequence TLU: Table LookUp TIF: Tagged Image File Filename extension TLX: TIFF: Tagged Image File Format TM: Transaction Monitor File format for images TM: Transaction Manager TIGA: Texas Instruments Graphics Architecture TM: TradeMark (Hardware) (TI) TMA: Transparent Media Adapter TIGER: Topologically Integrated Scanner add-on to acquire material on transparent media Geographic Encoding and Referencing (Hardware) TIIAP: Telecommunications and TMDB: Tivoli Management DataBase Information Infrastructure Assistance Program TMDS: Transition-Minimized Differential TIM: Technical Information Memo Signalling (Hardware) (Compaq) TIMI: Technology Independent Machine TME: Tivoli Management Environment Interface (Tivoli) T (IBM) TMF: Tivoli Management Framework

TIMS: Text Information Management TMF: Transaction Monitoring Facility Systems TINA: Telecommunication Information TML: TeMpLate Networking Architecture File name extension TINA-C: Telecommunication Information TMN: Telecommunication Management Networking Architecture Consortium Network (Network) TIP: Transputer Image Processing TMP: TeMPorary TIP: Terminal Interface Processor File name extension

TIP: Transaction Internet Protocol TMPFS: System A file system type that uses local memory for disk reads and TIS: Tools Interface Standard writes (Operating systems)

Page 139 of 161 TMR: Transient Memory Record TPC: Transaction Processing Council (Organizations) TMR: Triple Modular Redundancy TPCP: Two Phase Commit Protocol TMS: Time Multiplexed Switch (Communication)

TMS: Truth Maintenance System TPD: Technical Product Documentation

TMSC: Tape Mass Storage Control TPDU: Transport Protocol Data Unit

TN: Twisted Nematic TPE: Twisted Pair Ethernet (Hardware) TPF: Transaction Processing Facility TN-LCD: Twisted Nematic Liquid Crystal (IBM) Display TPI: Transport Provider Interface TNC: Threaded Neill Concelman The kernel components of the Transport Layer Interface (TLI)

TNC: Terminal Node Controller tpi: Tracks Per Inch Recording density (Hardware) TNG: The New Generation TPL: Table Producing Language (CAI) TNO: The Netherlands Organization TPL: Transaction Processing Language

TNPC: Taiwanese New Pc Consortium tpm: Transactions Per Minute Processing speed TNS: Trivial Name Server TPM: Transaction Processing Manager TNT: The News Toolkit TPORT: Twisted pair PORT transceiver See also NeWS (Sun) (AT&T) Tnx: ThanKS TPOS: Transaction Processing Operating (Messages) System TOC: Table Of Contents TPPC: Transaction Processing Performance TOD: Time Of Day Council (Organizations) TODC: Time-Of-Day Clock TPS: Transactions Per Second A clock module that contains the system date and time (year- month-day-hour-minutes). (Hardware) TPS: Transaction Processing System TODS: Transactions On Database Systems TPT: Twisted Pair Transceiver TOEFL: Test Of English as a Foreign Language TPW: Turbo Pascal for Windows TOMS: Transactions On Mathematical TPx: Transport Protocol class x Software TQFP: Thin Quad Flat Pack TOOIS: Transactions On Office Information (Hardware) Systems TQM: Total Quality Management TOP: Technical Office Protocol TR: TOPICS: Total Online Program and Tape medium type (TR-3, TR-4) (Hardware) Information Control System TR: Terminal Ready TOPLAS: Transactions On Programming T Languages And Systems TRADIC: TRansistorized Airborne DIgital Computer TOPS: Timesharing OPerating System Name of first computer to be entirely transistorized TOS: The Operating System TRAM: TRAnsputer Module ToS: Type Of Service (Hardware) A field within an IP header which can be used by the device TRIB: Transfer Rate of Information Bits originating the packet, or by an intermediate networking device, to signal a request for a specific QoS level (Network) TRIPS: Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property rightS TP: Twisted Pair TRM: TeRMinal TP: Turbo Pascal File name extension TP: Transaction Processing TRN: Token Ring Network (Network) TP-PMD: Twisted Pair Physical layer Medium Dependent TRN: Threaded Read News

Page 140 of 161 TRO: Total Return on Ownership TSO/CMS: /Conversational Monitor System TROLI: Token Ring Optimized Link Interface TSP: Time Synchronization Protocol TRON: The Realtime Operating system Nucleus TSP: Telephony Service Provider TROSN: The Real-time Operating System TSPI: Telephony Service Provider Interface Nucleus (Operating systems) (Microsoft) TRP: Token Ring Port TSR: Terminate and Stay Resident

TRPC: Transactional Remote Procedure Call TSS: Time Sharing System (Operating systems) TRR: Token Ring Repeater TSS: Task State Segment TRT: Token Rotation Timer TST: TeST TS: Transaction Server File name extension (Software) (Microsoft) TSTN: Triple SuperTwisted Nematic TS: Top Secret TSV: Tab Separated Values TS/SI: Top Secret/Sensitive Information TSW: TeleSoftWare TSA: Target Service Agent (Operating systems) (Novell) TT: Typewriter Text TSA: Telephony Services Architecture TTA: Transport-Triggered Architecture

TSA: Technical Support Alliance TTCN: Tree and Tabular Combined Notation

TSAP: Transport Service Access Point TTF: TrueType Font File format for fonts TSAPI: Telephony Server Application Programming Interface TTFN: Ta Ta For Now (Novell) That's all for now (Messages) TSB: Termination Status Block TTL: Transistor-Transistor Logic Semiconductor manufacturing technology (Hardware) TSC: Triton System Controller TTL: Time To Live TSD: Type-Specific Driver (Network) TTP: Trusted Third Parties TSDU: Transport Service Data Unit The amount of user data whose identity is preserved from one TTP: Thermal-Transfer Printing end of a transport connection to the other TSE: Technical Support Engineer TTRP: Time Token Rotation Protocol

TSE: Terminal Server Edition TTRT: Target Token Rotation Time (Operating systems) (Microsoft) TTS: Trouble Ticketing System TSE: The Semware Editor TTS: Text-To-Speech TSI: Transmission Subscriber Identification TTS: Transaction Tracking System TSI: Time Slot Interchanger (Novell) TSID: Transmitting Subscriber IDentifier TTY: TeleTYpewriter T Historically, a Teletypewriter equipment. Today, any dumb (Communication) terminal that can access a computer or workstation (Hardware) TSLM: Terminal Services License Manager TUC: Total User Cell (Operating systems) (Microsoft) TSM: Topology Specific Module TUCD: Total User Cell Difference (Novell) TUCOWS: The Ultimate Collection Of TSM: Transaction Services Manager Winsock Software

TSMP: True Symmetric MultiProcessor TUG: Tex User's Group

TSN: Task Sequence Number TUI: Text-based User Interface

TSO: Time Sharing Option TUMS: Table Update and Management Multitasking system for IBM MVS operating system (Operating System systems) (IBM) TUP: Telephone User Path

Page 141 of 161 TUT: Transistor Under Test (Hardware) TUT: TUTorial File name extension TUV: Technische Überwachungs-Verein (Organizations) TV: TeleVision (Hardware) TVD: Total Virus Defence

TVF: Table of contents Verbosely from File

TVFS: Virtual File System (IBM) TVI: TeleVision Interference

TVO: Total Value of Ownership

TVOL: TeleVision On-Line

TVT: TeleVision Terminal (Hardware) TWAIN: Toolkit Without An Important Name

TWIP: TWentIeth of a Point Equal to 1/1440th of an inch. TWT: Travelling Wave Tube (Hardware) TWX: TeletypeWriter eXchange service

TX: Transmit (Communication) TXD: Transmit Data

TXF: Tax eXchange Format File name extension TXT: TeXT File name extension TXT2STF: TeXT To Structured Text File (Lotus) TYS: Told You So (Messages) TZ: Time Zone

T

Page 142 of 161 U

U2W: Ultra-2-Wide UDA: Universal Data Access (Hardware) (Databases) UA: Unnumbered Acknowledgement UDB: Universal DataBase (Databases) (IBM) UA: User Agent UDBC: Universal DataBase Connectivity An ISO/OSI application process that acts on behalf of a user or organization in the X.400 message handling system. The UA (Databases) creates, submits, and receives messages for you UDC: User Defined Commands UA: User Area UDC: Universal Decimal Classification UAB: Unix Appletalk Bridge UDD: User Data Document UAC: Universal Access Control UDE: Universal Data Exchange UAE: Unrecoverable Application Error UDEC: Universal Digital Electronic Computer UAF: User Authorization File UDF: Universal Disk Format UAM: User Authentication Method (Hardware)

UAPDU: User Agent Protocol Data Unit UDF: User-Defined Function

UAProf: User Agent PROFile UDG: User Defined Gateway

UART: Universal Asynchronous UDMA: Ultra Direct Memory Access Receiver/Transmitter (Hardware) (Hardware) UDO: User-Defined Object UAWG: Universal Asdl Working Group (Software) (Organizations) UDP: User Datagram Protocol UBA: UniBus Adapter (Communication) UDP/IP: User Datagram Protocol/Internet UBE: Unsolicited Bulk E-mail Protocol UBNI: Ungermann-Bass Network Interface UDT: User Defined Type

UBR: Unspecified Bit Rate UDT: Uniform Data Transfer

UCAA: Ultimate Computer Acronyms Archive UFS: Unix File System (Remedios) The default disk-based file system under the Unix operating system (Operating systems) UCAID: University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development UFST: Universal Font Scaling Technology (Organizations) UG: User Group UCB: Unit Control Block UHCI: Universal Host Controller Interface UCE: Unsolicited Commercial Email UHE: Ultra High Efficiency UCF: Universal Communications Facility (Hardware) (CAI) UHF: Ultra-High Frequency UCL: Universal Communications Language U UHL: Universal Hypertext Link UCR: Under Color Removal UHP: Ultra-High Performance UCS: User Coordinate System (Hardware) UCS: Conversion Support UI: User Interface (Operating systems) UCS: Universal Character Set UI: Unix International UCSD: University of California at San Diego A consortium consisting of Sun, AT&T, and others that formed to advance a UNIX System V-based environment, including the UCT: Universal Coordinated Time Open Look GUI (Organizations)

UD-DVD: Ultra Definition Digital Video (or UIC: User Identification Code Versatile) Disk UID: Unit IDentifier (Hardware)

Page 143 of 161 UID: User IDentifier UNC: Universal Naming Convention In the Unix operating system, the number assigned to each login name. The system uses UID numbers to identify, by UNC: Uuencoded Netnews Collator number, the owners of files and directories (Operating systems) UNCOL: UNiversal Computed Oriented UIL: User Interface Language Language UIMS: User Interface Management System UNI: Universal Network Interface

UIN: Universal Internet Number UNI: User-Network Interface

UL: Underwriters Laboratories UNICOM: UNiversal Integrated (Organizations) COMmunication UL: Unordered List UNII: Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure UL: UNIVAC: UNIVersal Automatic Computer ULA: Uncommitted Logic Array UNIX: UNiversal Interactive eXecutive ULANA: Unified Local Area Network (Operating systems) Architecture UNMA: Unified Network Management ULN: Universal Link Negotiation Architecture

ulp: Unit in Last Place UOW: Unit Of Work In binary formats, the least-significant bit of the significand, bit UP: UniProcessor 0, is the unit in the last place ULP: Upper Layer Protocol UPC: Universal Product Code (Hardware) ULSI: Ultra Large Scale Integration UPC: User Parameter Control The process of placing more than 100,000 components on a chip (Hardware) UPG: UPGrade UM: Unified Messaging UPI: Universal Peripheral Interface UMA: Universal Measurement Architecture (Hardware)

UMA: Upper Memory Area UPL: User Program Language

UMA: Unified Memory Architecture UPM: User Profile Management (IBM) UMA: Universal Management Agent UPM: Unix Programmer's Manual

UMADS: Universal Measurement UPN: User Principal Name Architecture Data Storage UMB: Upper Memory Block UPS: United Parcel Service

UMC: United Microelectronics Corporation UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply (Hardware) UME: Uni Management Entity UR: Uncommitted Read UML: Unified Modeling Language (Databases) URC: Uniform Resource Characteristics UMS: Unified Messaging Server URC: Uniform Resource Citation UMS: Universal Management Service A set of attribute/value pairs describing a resource. Some of the (IBM) values may be URIs of various kinds. Others may include, for UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication example, authorship, publisher, datatype, date, copyright status U System and shoe size. (Hardware) UREP: Unix Rscs Emulation Protocol UMTS: Universal Standard Protocol (Communication) URI: Uniform Resource Identifier UMTS: Universal Mobile The generic set of all names/addresses that are short that refer to resources (specified 1994; ratified as Internet Draft Telecommunications System Standard 1998). (Network) (Hardware) URL: Uniform Resource Locator UN/EDIFACT: United Nations Electronic The set of URI schemes that have explicit instructions on how Data Interchange For Administration to access the resource on the internet. (Network) Commerce and Transport UN/GTDI: United Nations Guidelines for Trade Data Interchange

Page 144 of 161 URN: Uniform Resource Name UUE: Unix-To-Unix Encoding A particular scheme which is currently under development in Obtained with UUEncode, a Unix utility that encodes data into 7- the IETF, which should provide for the resolution using internet bit ASCII protocols of names which have a greater persistence than that currently assiated with internet host names or organizations. UUI: User-To-User Information (Network) (AT&T) US: Unit Separator UUID: Universal Unique IDentifier

USART: Universal UUT: Unit Under Test Synchronous/Asynchronous (Hardware) Receiver/Transmitter UV: UltraViolet (Hardware) USB: Universal Serial Bus UW: Uncommitted Write (Databases) (Hardware) USBIF: Universal Serial Bus Implementers UXGA: Ultra eXtended Graphics Array Forum Display adapter capable of a resolution of 1600 X 1200 pixel (Hardware) (Organizations) : USEr's NETwork

USGS: United States Geological Survey

USN: Update Sequence Number (Operating systems) USNO: United States Naval Observatory (Organizations) USOC: Universal Service Ordering Code

USPS: United States Postal Service (Organizations) USQ: UnSQueezed

USR: US Robotics Company USRT: Universal Synchronous Receiver/Transmitter (Hardware) USSA: User Supported Software Association

UT: Universal Time

UT: User Terminal

UTC: Coordinated Universal Time

UTF: Ucs Transformation Format

UTI: Universal Text Interchange uTOK: User's Tree Of Knowledge

UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair (Hardware) UTRA: Universal Terrestrial Radio Air U interface (Communication) UUCP: Unix to Unix Copy Program A program that uses the UNIX-to-UNIX Copy Protocol UUCP: Unix to Unix Copy Protocol A protocol for communication between consenting UNIX systems (Network) UUD: Unix-To-Unix Decoding Obtained with UUDecode, a Unix utility that decodes data from 7-bit ASCII

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Page 146 of 161 V

V: Volt VAST: Variable Array Storage Technology Voltage measurement unit VAT: Value Added Tax V&V: Verification And Validation VAX: Virtual Address eXtension V.FC: Version First Class (Hardware) (DEC) Communications standard VB: Visual Basic V/F: Voltage to Frequency converter Programming language (Software) (Microsoft) (Hardware) VB: Variable Block V/IP: Voice over Internet Protocol (Communication) VBA: Visual Basic for Applications (Software) (Microsoft) VA: Visual Age (IBM) VBE/AI: Vesa Bios Extension/Audio Interface VA: Volt-Ampere Power measurement unit VBI: Vertical Blanking Interval (Hardware) VA: Virtual Address VBIDE: Visual Basic Integrated VAC: Volts Alternating Current Development Environment (Software) (Microsoft) VAD: Value Added Dealer VBITS: Visual Basic Insiders' Technical VADD: VisualAge Developer Domain Summit (Software) (IBM) (Microsoft) VADD: Value Added Disk Driver VBL: Vertical Blanking Interrupt

VADSL: Very-high rate Asymmetric Digital VBNS: Very high Bandwidth Network Subscriber Line Service VAIO: Video Audio Integrated Operation (Network) (Sony) VBNS: Very high speed Backbone Network VAJ: Visual Age for Java Service (Software) (IBM) (Network) VAL: VALue VBR: Variable Bit Rate

VAL: Voice Application Language VBRUN: Visual Basic RUNtime

VAM: Virtual Access Method VBS: Visual Basic Script

VAN: Value-Added Network VBX: Visual Basic eXtension (Network) (Software) (Microsoft) VAN: Virtual Access Network VC: Virtual Circuit (Network) A logical connection between two network nodes that acts as though it is a direct physical connection even though it may VANDL: VANcouver Data Language physically be packet based (Network)

VAP: Value Added Provider VC: Venture Capital

VAP: Value-Added Process VC++: Visual C++ Development platform (Software) (Microsoft) VAR: VARiable VCC: Virtual Channel Connection V VAR: Value Added Reseller (Network) VCD: Video Compact Disc VAR: Value-Added Reseller (Hardware) A company that buys hardware and software, adds more features or services to it, then resells the upgraded product VCD: Virtual Communications Driver

VaR: Value At Risk VCI: Virtual Circuit Identifier (Software) VCL: Visual Component Library VAR: Value Added Retailer (Software) (Inprise) VAROS: VAriable Refraction Optical System VCM: Version Conflict Manager Scanner technology (Hardware) (Canon) (Operating systems) (Microsoft)

Page 147 of 161 VCM: Virtual Channel Memory VEMM: Virtual Expanded Memory Manager (Hardware) VEMMI: VErsatile MultiMedia Interface VCN: Virtual Cluster Number (Operating systems) VER: VERsion

VCOS: Visual Caching Operating System VER: VERify

VCOS: Virtual Computer Operating System VERONICA: Very Easy Rodent-Oriented (Operating systems) Netwide Index to Computerized Archives VCPI: Virtual Control Program Interface VERR: VERify Read access

VCQ: Vibrant Color Quality VERW: VERify Write access (Hardware) (Matrox) VES: Video Encoding Standard VCR: Video Cassette Recorder (Oracle) (Hardware) VESA: Video Electronics Standard VCR: Voluntary Content Rating Association VCS: Version Control System (Organizations) VF: Voice Frequency VCS: Virus Control System VF: Virtual Floppy VDB: Virtual DataBase (Databases) VFAT: Virtual File Allocation Table VDC: Virtual Device Coordinates (Microsoft) In computer graphics, a device-independent coordinate system VFC: Virtual FIle Cabinet that isolates the specification of view boundaries from device (Software) coordinates VFD: Vacuum Fluorescent Display VDC: Volts Direct Current (Hardware) VDD: Virtual Device Driver VFS: Virtual File System VDDM: Virtual Device Driver Manager (Operating systems) VFW: Video For Windows VDE: Video Display Editor (Microsoft) VDE: Visual Development Environment VGA: Video Graphic Array Video specification for a resolution of 640 X 480 pixels in 256 VDE: Virtual Domain Environment colors (Hardware) (Network) VGC: Video Graphics Controller VDI: Video Display Input (Hardware) VGI: Visual Gateway Interface (Software) VDISK: Virtual DISK VHDL: Vhsic Hardware Description VDM: Virtual Dos Machine Language VDMAD: Virtual Direct Memory Access VHF: Very High Frequency Device VHS: Video Home System (Microsoft) VDS: Variable Drop Size VHS: Very High Speed Printing technology (Hardware) (NEC) VHS: Virtual Host Storage VDS: Virtual Dma Services VHSIC: Very High Speed Integrated Circuit VDSL: Very high bit rate Digital Subscriber Line VI: Visual Interactive (Communication) V VI: Vertical Interval VDT: Video Dial Tone The raster lines that are precluded by a video signal standard from containing a picture VDT: Video Display Terminal (Hardware) VI: Virtual Interface (Hardware) VDU: Video Display Unit VI: Video Input VDWQT: Vertical Deferred Write Queue (Hardware) Treshold VIA: Virtual Interface Architecture (Databases) (Network) VEGA: Video7 Enhanced Graphics Adapter VIA: Vendors Isdn Association (Organizations)

Page 148 of 161 VIC: Very Inexpensive Computer VLM: Very Large Memory (Hardware) (Operating systems) VIC: Video Interface Chip VLM: Virtual Loadable Module (Hardware) (Operating systems) VID: Visual InterDev VLSI: Very Large Scale of Integration (Software) (Microsoft) The process of placing more than 100,000 transistors on one chip (Hardware) VIDC: VIDeo Controller (Hardware) VLSIPS: Very Large Scale Immobilized Polymer Synthesis VIE: Virtual Information Environment VLT: Variable List Table VIF: Virtual Interrupt Flag VM: Virtual Memory VIF: Virtual InterFace VM: Virtual Machine VIM: Vendor-Independent Mail (Operating systems) Messaging protocol (Communication) VMA: Virtual Memory Address VIM: Video Interface Module VMB: Virtual Machine Boot VINES: VIrtual NEtworking System (Network) VMBOX: Virtual MailBOX VIO: Video Input/Output VME: Virtual Memory Environment

VIO: Virtual Input/Output VME: Virtual Machine Environment

VIP: Video Interface Port VME: Versa Module Eurocard (Hardware) VMEBus: Versatile Modular E-BUS ViP: VIsual Programming Bus architecture (Hardware) (Lotus) VML: Vector Markup Language VIP: Virtual Interrupt Pending VMM: Virtual Memory Manager VIP: Variable Information Processing VMM: Virtual Machine Manager VIP: Video Information Provider (Operating systems) VIPER: Verifiable Integrated Processor for VMOS: Vertical Metal Oxide Semiconductor Enhanced Reliability (Hardware) VIRS: Vertical Interval Reference Signal VMP: Virtual Modem Protocol

VIS: Video Information System VMS: Virtual Memory System (Operating systems) (DEC) VIS: Viewable Image Size (Hardware) VMS: Virtual Machine Storage VIS: Visual Instruction Set VMS: Voice Message System

VIS: Voice Information System VMT: Virtual Memory Technique

VITC: Vertical Interval TimeCode VNA: Virtual Network Architecture

VITS: Vertical Interval Test Signal VNC: Virtual Network Computing A remote display system which allows you to view a computing VJ++: Visual J++ 'desktop' environment not only on the machine where it is Java development platform (Software) (Microsoft) running, but from anywhere on the Internet and from a wide variety of machine architectures (AT&T) VL-BUS: Vesa Local BUS VO: Video Output VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network (Hardware) V A networking architecture that allows end-systems on topologically disconnected subnetworks to appear to be VO: Virtual Office connected on the same LAN. Predominately used in reference to ATM networking. Similar in functionality to bridging (Network) VOC: VOiCe File name extension (Creative Labs) VLB: Vesa Local Bus Bus architecture (Hardware) VOC: VOiCe File format for audio VLD: Variable Length Decoder VOD: Video On Demand VLF: Very Low Frequency VoDSL: Voice Over Digital Subscriber Line VLIW: Very Long Instruction Word (Communication)

Page 149 of 161 VOIP: Voice Over Internet Protocol VRML: Virtual Reality Modeling Language An emerging technology for transporting integrated digital voice, video, and data over IP networks (Network) VROOMM: Virtual Real-time Object Oriented Memory Manager VOL: VOLume (Inprise) VOM: Volt Ohm Milliampere VRT: Voltage Regulation Technology (Hardware) (Intel) VOR: Visions Of Reality VRU: Voice Response Unit

VOS: Voice Operating System VS: Virtual Storage (IBM) VoxML: Voice Markup Language VS: Virtual Storage VP: Vice President VSA: Virtual System Architecture VP: Virtual Path VSA: Visual Studio Analyzer VPA: Volume Purchase Agreement (Software) (Microsoft) VPBX: Virtual Private Branch eXchange VSAM: Virtual Storage Access Method (Hardware) (Operating systems) (IBM) VPD: Vital Product Data VSAT: Very Small Aperture Terminal (IBM) (Communication) VPD: Virtual Printer Device VSB: Vestigial Sideband Modulation (Communication) VPDN: Virtual Private Data Network VSDT: Variable-Size Droplet Technology VPDS: Virtual Private Data Service Print technology (Hardware)

VPE: Video Port Extension VSE: Virtual Storage Extended (Hardware) VSF: Vertical Scanning Frequency VPE: Visual Programming Environment VSI: Virtual Socket Interface VPIM: Virtual Profile for Internet Mail VSIA: Virtual Socket Interface Alliance VPL: Virtual Programming Language (Organizations)

VPM: Virtual Parallel Machine VSIMM: Video Single In line Memory Module A small printed circuit card that contains memory chips for VPM: Video Port Manager storing video images (Hardware) VSIO: Virtual Serial Input Output VPN: Virtual Private Network A network that functions as if it were private, though it exists on VSM: Visual System Management public wires. Data is protected through encryption and other (IBM) security mechanisms (Network) VSM: Virtual Shared Memory VPN: Virtual Page Number VSM: Virtual Storage Management VPS: Voice Processing System VSN: Volume Serial Number VPSC: Vault, Process, Structure, Configuration VSOS: Virtual Storage Operating System VPT: Virtual Print Technology VSS: Visual Source Safe VR: Voltage Regulator (Software) (Microsoft) VSYNC: Vertical SYNChronization VR: Virtual Reality (Hardware) V VRAM: Video Random Access Memory VT: Video Terminal A type of dynamic RAM (DRAM) used in high-speed graphics (Hardware) (DEC) frame buffers, providing separate buses for the CPU and the frame buffer logic (Hardware) VT: Vertical Tab VRC: Vertical Redundancy Check VTAM: Virtual Table Access Method IBM operating system module (Operating systems) VRD: Virtual Retinal Display (Hardware) VTAS: Voice Traffic Analysis System (HP) VRE: Voltage Regulated Extended VTNS: Virtual Telecommunications Network VRM: Voltage Regulation Module Service (Hardware)

Page 150 of 161 VTR: Video Tape Recorder (Hardware) VTS: Virtual Tape System (Hardware) VTS: Volume Tracking Driver

VTX: VideoTeX (Communication) VUI: Visual User Interface (Operating systems) VUP: Vax Unit of Performance

VWB: Visual WorkBench (Microsoft) VWM: Virtual Window Manager

VXA: Variable Speed Architecture (Hardware) VxD: Virtual device Driver (Operating systems) (Microsoft) VxD: Virtual eXtended Driver (Microsoft) VxFS: Veritas File System (Operating systems) VXML: Voice eXtensible Markup Language

V

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W: Watt WATS: Wide Area Telephone Service Power measurement unit WAV: WAVeform W-CDMA: Wide-band Code Division Multiple File format for audio streams Access WBEM: Web-Based Enterprise Management (Communication) W/: With WBI: Web Browsing Intelligence

W/O: WithOut WBMP: Wireless BitMaP File Format for bitmapped images suitable for WAP devices W2K: Windows 2000 WBS: Work Breakdown Structure (Operating systems) (Microsoft) W3: WBTS: Windows-Based Terminal Server

W3A: World Wide Web Applets WC: World Coordinates The coordinate system that is scaled so that user-defined W3C: World Wide Web Consortium objects can be represented in units appropriate to the (Organizations) application, such as inches, meters, and miles W4: What-Works-With-What WC: Word Count

WAAS: Wide Area Augmentation System WCCP: Web Cache Communications Protocol (Network) (Cisco) WAB: Windows Address Book WCS: World Coordinate System Filename extension (Software) (Microsoft) WABI: Windows Application Binary WCTL: Web Crossing Template Language Interface WD: Western Digital WADT: West Australian Daylight Time (Hardware) Timezone: GMT +7:00 WDJ: Web Developer's Journal WAE: Wireless Application Environment WDL: Windows Driver Library WAG: Wireless Applications Group (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Organizations) WDM: Windows Driver Model WAI: Web Application Interface (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Netscape) WDM: Wavelength-Division Multiplexing WAI: Web Accessibility Initiative A mechanism to allow multiple signals to be encoded into multiple wavelengths (Communication) WAIS: Wide Area Information Server (or Service) WDP: Wireless Datagram Protocol (Network) WDRAM: Windows Dynamic Random Access WAITI: WAIT for Interrupt Memory

WAITS: Wide Area Information Transfer WDU: Windows Desktop Update System (Operating systems) (Microsoft) WAL: Write Ahead Log WE: Write Enable (Hardware) WAN: Wide Area Network WebNFS: WEB Network File System A T1, T3, broadband, or other network covering an area (Sun) generally larger than a city or metropolitan area network (Network) WECA: Wireless Ethernet Compatible WAP: Wireless Application Protocol Alliance (Organizations) WAR: Web ARchive W WEDT: Western Europe Daylight Time WAS: Web Application Server Timezone: GMT +0:00 (Network) (Oracle) WELL: Whole Earth eLectronic Link WAST: West Australian Standard Time WEMA: Western Electronics Manufacturers Timezone: GMT +7:00 Association WAT: West Africa Time (Organizations) Timezone: GMT -1:00 WEO: World Economic Outlook

Page 153 of 161 WEP: Watchguard Event Processor WISE: Web-Integrated Software metrics Environment WEP: Windows Entertainement Pack (Network) (Software) (Microsoft) WISE: Wordperfect Information System WEP: Windows Entry Point Environment (Software) WIT: Web Interactive Talk WEST: Western Europe Standard Time Timezone: GMT +0:00 WKB: WorKBook File name extension WFC: Windows Foundation Classes (Software) WKS: WorKSheet File name extension (Lotus) WfM: Wired For Management WL: Word Line WFP: Windows File Protection (Operating systems) (Microsoft) WLG: dr. Watson LoG Filename extension (Microsoft) WFQ: Weighted Fair Queuing Per-flow packet scheduling in network elements that WLL: Wireless Local Loop automatically categorizes traffic flows into high and low priority, (Communication) based on volume of packets seen by a router or switch (Network) WLM: Work Load Manager WfW: Windows For Workgroups WM: Workstation Manager (Microsoft) (Novell) WG: Working Group WMA: Windows Media Author (Microsoft) WGPO: WorkGroup PostOffice WMC: Workflow Management Coalition WGS: WorkGroup System WME: Windows Media Encoder WHAM: Waveform Hold And Modify (Microsoft) (Microsoft) WMF: Windows Metafile Format WHC: Workstation Host Connection File format for graphics (Microsoft) WHISPER: Whindows Highly Intelligent WMI: Windows Management SPEech Recognition Instrumentation (Microsoft) (Microsoft) WHQL: Windows Hardware Quality Labs WML: Wireless Markup Language

WIC: Whole Internet Catalogue WMLS: Wireless Markup Language Script

WIF: Wavelet Image File WMRM: Write Many, Read Many File format for images (Hardware) WIMP: Windows, Icons, Menus and WMT: Windows Media Technology Pointing devices (Operating systems) (Microsoft) WINA: Wap Interim Naming Authority WNIC: Wide-area Network Interface Coprocessor WINE: Wine Is Not an Emulator WNIM: Wide-area Network Interface Module Windows Emulator for Unix paltforms (Operating systems) WINForum: Wireless Information Networks WOF: Web Objects Framework FORUM (Network) WinHEC: WINdows Hardware Engineering WOL: Wake On Lan Conference (Hardware) WINS: Windows Internet Name Service WOM: Write-Only Memory (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Hardware) WINSOCK: WINdows SOCKets WORM: Write Once Read Many (Hardware) W Wintel: WINdows/inTEL WOS: Workstation Operating System System based on Intel Processors and Microsoft Windows operating system WOSA: Windows Open Systems WIS: Service Architecture (Operating systems) (Microsoft) (Operating systems) (Microsoft) WISC: Writable Instruction Set Computer WOW: WithOut Worry (Hardware) (Hardware) (Xerox)

Page 154 of 161 WOW: Windows on Win32 WTLS: Wireless Transport Layer Security (Operating systems) (Microsoft) WTO: World Trade Organization WP: Word Processor (Organizations) WP: WordPerfect WTP: Wireless Transaction Protocol (Software) (Corel) WTS: Windows Terminal Server WP: Write Protected (Microsoft) WPD: WordPerfect Document WUI: Web User Interface File format for documents (Corel) (Network) WPD: Windows Printer Description WV: Working Voltage File name extension (Hardware) WPG: WordPerfect Graphics WWIS: World Wide Information System File name extension WWW: World Wide Web WPHD: Write-Protect Hard Disk The web of systems and the data in them that is the Internet (Network) wpm: Words Per Minute Speech recognition processing power (Software) WYSBYGI: What You See Before You Get It WPM: WordPerfect Macro WYSIWYG: What You See Is What You Get File name extension WPOS: WorkPlace Operating System

WPS: Windows Printing System (Microsoft) WPS: WorkPlace Shell (IBM) WPVM: Windows Parallel Virtual Machine

WPW: WordPerfect for Windows (Software) WRAM: Window Random Access Memory (Hardware) WRDS: Wharton Research Data Service

WRED: Weighted Random Early Detection Combines IP precedence and Random Early Detection capabilities to provide differentiated performance characteristics for different classes of service (Network) WRI: WRIte File name extension WRK: Windows Resource Kit (Microsoft) WS:

WS: WorkStation

WS: WordStar

WSAPI: Web Site Application Programming Interface (O'Reilly & Associates) WSH: Windows Scripting Host WSP: Wireless Session Protocol W WT: Write Through

WTA: Wireless Telephony Application

WTD: Week To Date Time series function WTF: What The F**k (Messages)

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X: X windows XLK: eXceL Backup A developed by MIT (Operating systems) File name extension (Microsoft) X2B: heXadecimal To Binary XLL: eXtensible Link Language (IBM) XLM: eXceL Macro X2C: heXadecimal To Character File name extension (Microsoft) (IBM) XLT: eXceL Template X2D: heXadecimal To Decimal File name extension (Microsoft) (IBM) XMA: eXtended Middleware Architecture XA: eXtended Architecture (Software) XA: eXtended Attribute XMIT: TransMIT

XAPIA: X.400 Application Programming XML: eXtensible Markup Language Interface Association XMM: eXtended Memory Manager (Organizations) XBM: X BitMap XMS: eXtended Memory Specification File format for bitmapped images (Operating systems) (Microsoft) XCHG: ExCHanGe XNS: Xerox Network Services (Network) XCMD: eXternal CoMmanD XOFF: Transmitter OFF (Software) (Apple) XDF: Extended Density Format XON: Transmitter ON (IBM) XOR: eXclusive OR XDM: A program supplied with the OpenWindows interface that XP: eXtreme Performance manages X displays (Hardware) (Compaq) XDR: eXternal Data Representation XP: eXtreme Programming A standard for machine-independent data structures developed (Software) by Sun (Sun) XPG: X/open Portability Guide XFCN: eXternal FunCtioN (Operating systems) XGA: eXtended Graphics Array XPM: X PixMap Video specification for a resolution of 1024 X 768 pixels in 256 File format for bitmapped images colors (Hardware) XPRM: Xerox Print Resources Manager XHTML: eXtensible HyperText Markup (Xerox) Language XQL: eXtensible Query Language (Software) XID: eXchange IDentifier XR: eXternal Reset (Hardware) XIF: eXternal Interface File XRF: eXtended Recovery Facility XIFF: eXtended Image File Format (IBM) File format for images XRT: eXtensions for Real-Time XIL: X Imaging Library XSL: eXtensible Style Language The XIL is a platform programming interface for imaging and video support (Operating systems) XSMD: eXtended Storage Module Drive XIOS: eXtended Input/Output System XSSI: eXtended Server Side Includes XIP: eXecute-In-Place XT: eXtended Technology XL: eXtended Length (IBM) X (Hardware) XTAL: CrysTAL XLA: eXceL Add-In XTCLK: eXternal Transmit CLocK File name extension (Microsoft) XLAT: TransLATe XVGA: eXtended Video Graphics Array Dispaly standard (Hardware) XLF: Exceptional Fortran : X Window (IBM)

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Y2K: Year 2000

YACC: Yet Another Compiler Compiler Unix program (Operating systems) YAHOO: Yet Another Hierarchically Officious Oracle YAHU: Yet Another Header Utility Utilities for peeking into executables headers (Software) YAI: Yet Another Isp

YAM: Yet Another Modem

YAST: Yet Another Setup Tool

YATE: Yet Another Terminal Emulator (Software) YDT: Yukon Daylight Time Timezone: GMT -9:00 YST: Yukon Standard Time Timezone: GMT -9:00 YTD: Year To Date Time series function

Y

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Page 160 of 161 Z

Z-CAV: Zoned Constant Angular Velocity

ZAC: Zero Administration Client

ZAI: Zero Administration Initiative

ZAK: Zero Administration Kit (Microsoft) ZAW: Zero Administration for Windows (Microsoft) ZBR: Zero Bug Release Pint in the software development at which all features are correctly implemented and have no bugs logged against them (Software) ZBR: Zone-Bit Recording

ZCAV: Zone Constant Angular Velocity (Hardware) ZD: Ziff-Davis

ZDBOp: Ziff-Davis Benchmark OPeration

ZDL: Zero Delay Lockout

ZDMI: Ziff-Davis Market Intelligence

ZDS: Zenith Data Systems

ZDTV: Ziff-Davis TeleVision

ZEN: Zero Effort Networking (Novell) ZIF: Zero Insertion Force (Hardware) ZIP: Zigzag In-line Package (Hardware) ZIP: Zone Improvement Plan Postal code ZPV: Zoomed Port Video

ZSL: Zero Slot Lan

ZV: Zoomed Video

Z

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