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markEts not caPItalIsm individualist anarchism against bosses, inequality, corporate power, and structural poverty Edited by Gary Chartier & Charles W. Johnson Individualist anarchists believe in mutual exchange, not economic privilege. They believe in freed markets, not capitalism. They defend a distinctive response to the challenges of ending global capitalism and achieving social justice: eliminate the political privileges that prop up capitalists. Massive concentrations of wealth, rigid economic hierarchies, and unsustainable modes of production are not the results of the market form, but of markets deformed and rigged by a network of state-secured controls and privileges to the business class. Markets Not Capitalism explores the gap between radically freed markets and the capitalist-controlled markets that prevail today. It explains how liberating market exchange from state capitalist privilege can abolish structural poverty, help working people take control over the conditions of their labor, and redistribute wealth and social power. Featuring discussions of socialism, capitalism, markets, ownership, labor struggle, grassroots privatization, intellectual property, health care, racism, sexism, and environmental issues, this unique collection brings together classic essays by leading figures in the anarchist tradition, including Proudhon and Voltairine de Cleyre, and such contemporary innovators as Kevin Carson and Roderick Long. It introduces an eye-opening approach to radical social thought, rooted equally in libertarian socialism and market anarchism. “We on the left need a good shake to get us thinking, and these arguments for market anarchism do the job in lively and thoughtful fashion.” – Alexander Cockburn, editor and publisher, Counterpunch “Anarchy is not chaos; nor is it violence. This rich and provocative gathering of essays by anarchists past and present imagines society unburdened by state, markets un-warped by capitalism. Those whose preference is for an economy that is humane, decentralized, and free will read this book with – dare I use the word? – profit.” – Bill Kaufmann, author of Bye Bye, Miss American Empire “It will be hard for any honest libertarian to read this book – or others like it – and ever again be taken in by the big business-financed policy institutes and think tanks. In a world where libertarianism has mostly been deformed into a defense of corporate privilege, it is worth being told or reminded what a free market actually is. Our ideal society is not ‘Tesco/Wal-Mart minus the State.’ It is a community of communities of free people. All thanks to the authors and editors of this book.” – Sean Gabb, director, UK Libertarian Alliance “Libertarianism is often seen as a callous defense of privilege in the face of existing (and unjust) inequalities. That’s because it too often is. But it doesn’t have to be, and this fascinating collection of historic and current argument and scholarship shows why. Even readers who disagree will find much to think about.” – Ken MacLeod, author of Fall Revolution <.:.Min0r.:.> .c0mp0siti0ns. www.minorcompositions.info AUTONOMEDIA MARKETS NOT CAPITALISM individualist anarchism against bosses, inequality, corporate power, and structural poverty Edited by Gary Chartier & Charles W. Johnson ISBN 978-1-57027-242-4 Gary Chartier and Charles W. Johnson Markets Not Capitalism: Individualist Anarchism against Bosses, Inequality, Corporate Power, and Structural Poverty Includes bibliographic references 1. Economics – philosophy. 2. Socialism. 3. Capitalism. 4. Anarchism. I. Title II. Johnson, Charles W. III. Chartier, Gary Cover image based on an image by Walter Baxter. Released by Minor Compositions, London / New York / Port Watson Minor Compositions is a series of interventions & provocations drawing from autonomous politics, avant-garde aesthetics, and the revolutions of everyday life. Minor Compositions is an imprint of Autonomedia www.minorcompositions.info | [email protected] Distributed by Autonomedia PO Box 568 Williamsburgh Station Brooklyn, NY 11211 Phone/fax: 718-963-0568 www.autonomedia.org [email protected] In memory of Karl Hess CONTENTS Acknowledgements . ix Introduction . 1 Part One . 17 The Problem of Deformed Markets . 17 1 . The Freed Market . 19 William Gillis 2 . State Socialism and Anarchism: . 21 Benjamin R . Tucker 3 . General Idea of the Revolution in the Nineteenth Century . 37 Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 4 . Markets Freed from Capitalism . 59 Charles W . Johnson Part Two . 83 Identities and Isms 5 . Market Anarchism as Stigmergic Socialism . 85 Brad Spangler 6 . Armies that Overlap . 93 Benjamin R . Tucker 7 . The Individualist and the Communist: . 97 Rosa Slobodinsky and Voltairine de Cleyre 8 . A Glance at Communism . 103 Voltairine de Cleyre 9 . Advocates of Freed Markets Should Oppose Capitalism . 107 Gary Chartier 10 . Anarchism without Hyphens . 119 Karl Hess 11 . What Laissez Faire? . 121 Sheldon Richman 12 . Libertarianism through Thick and Thin . 131 Charles W . Johnson 13 . Socialism: What It Is . 145 Benjamin R . Tucker 14 . Socialist Ends, Market Means . 149 Gary Chartier Part Three . 155 Ownership 15 . A Plea for Public Property . 157 Roderick T . Long 16 . From Whence Do Property Titles Arise? . 169 William Gillis 17 . The Gift Economy of Property . 175 Shawn Wilbur 18 . Fairness and Possession . 181 Gary Chartier 19 . The Libertarian Case against Intellectual Property Rights . 187 Roderick T . Long Part Four . 199 Corporate Power and Labor Solidarity 20. Corporations versus the Market, or Whip Conflation Now . 201. Roderick T . Long 21 . Does Competition Mean War? . 211 Benjamin R . Tucker 22 . Economic Calculation in the Corporate Commonwealth . 213. Kevin Carson 23 . Big Business and the Rise of American Statism . 223 Roy A . Childs, Jr 24 . Regulation: The Cause, Not the Cure, of the Financial Crisis . 241 Roderick T . Long 25 . Industrial Economics . 247 Dyer D . Lum 26 . Labor Struggle in a Free Market . 255 Kevin A . Carson 27 . Should Labor Be Paid or Not? . 269 Benjamin R . Tucker Part Five . 271 Neoliberalism, Privatization, and Redistribution 28 . Free Market Reforms and the Reduction of Statism . 273 Kevin A . Carson 29 . Free Trade is Fair Trade: . 279 Joe Peacott 30 . Two Words on “Privatization” . 283 Charles W . Johnson 31. Where Are the Specifics? . 289 Karl Hess 32. Confiscation and the Homestead Principle . 293 Murray N . Rothbard Part Six . 299 Inequality and Social Safety Nets . 299 33 . Let the Free Market Eat the Rich! . 301 Jeremy Weiland 34 . Individualism and Inequality . 309 Joe Peacott 35 . How Government Solved the Health Care Crisis . 315 Roderick T . Long 36 . The Poverty of the Welfare State . 319 Joe Peacott Part Seven . 323 Barriers to Entry and Fixed Costs of Living 37 . How “Intellectual Property” Impedes Competition . 325 Kevin A . Carson 38 . The American Land Question . 335 Joseph R . Stromberg 39 . English Enclosures and Soviet Collectivization: . 347 Joseph R . Stromberg 40 . Health Care and Radical Monopoly . 369 Kevin A . Carson 41 . Scratching By . .377 Charles W . Johnson Part Eight . .385 Freed-Market Regulation: Social Activism and Spontaneous Order 42 . Regulation Red Herring: . 387 Sheldon Richman 43 . We Are Market Forces . 391 Charles W . Johnson 44 . Platonic Productivity . 395 Roderick T . Long 45 . Libertarianism and Anti-Racism . 401 Sheldon Richman 46 . Aggression and the Environment . 405 Mary Ruwart 47 . The Clean Water Act versus Clean Water . 415 Charles W . Johnson 48 . Context-Keeping and Community Organizing . 421 Sheldon Richman Contributors . 425 AcKNOWLEDGEMENTS This book has been a labor of love on the part of many people. Our comrades at the Center for a Stateless Society – including Brad Spangler, Roderick T. Long, Kevin Carson, Charles W. Johnson, Sheldon Richman, Chris Lempa, Joseph R. Stromberg, James Tuttle, Roman Pearah, Anna O. Morgenstern, Tom Knapp, Darian Worden, David S. D’Amato, Tennyson McCalla, Mike Gogulski, Stacy Litz, Ross Kenyon, Matt Gold, Mariana Evica, Rocco Stanzione, Wendy McElroy, and Stephan Kinsella – deserve our ongoing thanks for, among other things, the stimulation they have provided for this and other projects. We are particularly grateful to Roderick for proposing an April 2010 Association of Private Enterprise Education symposium with the title “Free Market Anti-Capitalism?” in which a number of us participated along with our friend Steven Horwitz, that provided the initial impetus for work on the project. Alex Cockburn, Bill Kauffman, Sean Gabb, and Ken MacLeod deserve our thanks for their willingness to endorse the book. We are also grateful to Stevphen Shukaitis of Minor Compositions and Autonomedia for his continued support. More broadly, we appreciate Autonomedia’s willing- ness to release a potentially controversial project like this one. We are very much aware of the ambivalence members of the Autonomedia collective and some of Autonomedia’s constituents feel regarding arguments featured in the book, and of course we understand that all those associated with the press reserve the right to disagree profoundly with us. At the same time, we appreciate and share their hope that the book will both prompt productive conversation within the anarchist milieu and facilitate the redirection in a more positive and liberatory direction of the “libertarian populism” cur- rently attracting attention in the United States. We are very pleased by the collective’s willingness to accept us as fellow leftists and fellow opponents
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