林 業 研 究 季刊 Qu酬 . J. For. Res. of Taiwan.23 (2): 1 - 6( 2∞ 1 )
An Invading Plant in Taiwan-Mimosa pigra L.
Yang Sheng-Zehn I Peng Ching-I 2
sedimentary land, etc, quickly in the southem Taiwan during the last three years. Keys to th 巴 Mimosa genus, taxonomical treatment, line drawing and a map showing its distribution on the island are provided.
臺灣入侵植物-刺軸含羞木
楊勝任 l 彭鏡毅 2
【摘要】本文報導臺灣南部一種入侵植物刺軸含羞 木 ( Mimosa pigra L. ) 。刺軸含羞木 目前已蔓延
於臺東縣，屏東縣與 高雄市等地區之河床，路邊，港口淤積地，林道兩邊。 本文提供含羞草屬三
種的檢索表，以及刺軸含羞木植物繪圖、臺灣之分布位置 圖與植物描述與建議 。
【關鍵詞】有毒植物、 入侵植物、刺軸含羞木、含羞草科 、 分類 、臺灣
1 . Introduction herb layer plants (van Steenis, 1967). In recent years, the Flora of Taiwan has During 1996-1999, we made an inventory in increased gradually because taxonomists have Shouka logging track along the roadside of endeavored to make an inventory of works and Pingtung county, southern Taiwan (Fig. 1) and found more new and new record species found an unknown plant. Comparing the Flora of
(Su, 1998). Of course omamental or cultivated Java (Backer and Bakhuizen, 1963), the early plants also make the species richness higher. records of the Northern territory (Miller and Except omamental uses and academia scientific Lonsdale, 1987) and a description of the genus
researches, human serious development mad 巴 Mimosa L. (Mimosaceae) in the new world habitat fragmentation and edge effects could (Barneby, 1991), we considered this plant should supply better and wider spatial situation for be a new record species in Taiwan and its population occupation. We firmly support the scientific name is M imosa pigra (English name is concern for biological inventory about shrub or “ Giant Sensitive Plant" ).
l 國立屏東科技大學森林系副教授，通訊作者 Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, NPUST, Coπ'esponding aulhor. 2 中 央研究院植物研究所研究員 Research fellow, Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica 11. Results and discussion and America, but now appearing in the southem The invading plant, Mimosa pigra L. has Taiwan. It indicates that the species grows well in spread widely and quickly sinc巴 it was found in this region for many years and gradually adapts to 1997. In August 2nd, 1999, we made collections the drier habitat. Lonsdale (1 993) examined that to look for this plant in the area of Shouka logging the invasion of the w巳tlands of tropical Australia track. We were surprised that Mimosa pigra had by the woody weed M. pigra and the fastest rate become a strong invader covering a wide area on involved wind dispersal alone would be the beds of Ansuo river (Fig. 1) and roadside near 18.3 m1year. the Ansuo river. We strongly suspect巴 d that it Lonsdale (1 993) also indicated that there was could be cultivated for the natural fertilizer, but a close correlation between the increase in the people living there said that it has been area colonized by the plant and the rainfall in the naturalized for many years. previous wet season. Although we really don't Mimosa pigra is a native of tropical Africa know when and how M. pigra was dispersed or
locations o 50km 25" L一一一一一」
24"
' J~
Jþo of • . ..
23 。
可
22"E t屯 120"N
Fig. 1. Distribution of Mimosa pigra in Taiwan. (1. Hsiaokang 2. Ansuo 3. Shouka)
2 林業研究季刊 Quart. J. For. Res. of Taiwan.23 (2) : 1 ~6(200 1)
introduced in Taiwan, we can be sure that there moisture. Quentin and Fuller (1995) suggested are 3 clumps found in Taitung, Pingtung, that this species would threaten the natural Kaouhsing county and Kaouhsing city. It is ecosystems. Lonsdale et al. (1 985) found that the possible that the plant's invading rate will exceed seeds of M. pigra were readily dispersed by 18.3 mJyear due to the strong trade and monsoon water. Hence, there was a high probability that wind influencing in Taiwan. We suggest that the the plants in the pound were derived from seed vital ability of M. pigra will be stronger and will produced upstream rather than the reverse. From di 日 tribute wider, quicker and more abundance. the authors' opinions, the habitat of this plant is
These observations and conclusions can be the wetland in the region of the riv 巳 r or stream. proved because it's traced continuously on the The invading rate of Mimosa pigra was so roadside or riverbank of Shuang-liu (雙流) rapid that it may naturalize and migrate into the forest recreation area; in the sedimentary land of southern regions by water, animal 日， topography
Hou-ching river (後勁溪) ,Yuan-chung harbor and wind in the near future. We need to pay
(援中港) , Nan-tzu district (楠梓區)， attention to its spreading abilities and Kaohsiung city; in a sunny and waste place of competition with other plants because it will
Kaohfeng road (高鳳路) , Hsiaokang (小港) threaten the ecosystems. It is crucial that M. district, east- Kaohsiung; in the wasteland of pigra had soon migrated into southern Taiwan. It pakualiao (八卦寮) , Jenwu Hsien (仁武鄉) , will threaten the ecosystems of Taiwan more
Kaohsiung county. We may conclude that M. seriously than Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth., pigra was found in Taitung county firstly and which was introduced for herbage utilization gradually distributed into west land of Taiwan many years ago. Though it may be advantageous like Pingtung, Kaohsiung city and Kaohsiung in soil and water conservation or for greenery, it county. can influence the growth of native plants and take Mimosa pigra had been found in Hong possession of them seriously. It is already Kong, growing in the wasteland at Tai Tung, near considered a noxious weed in tropical America
Three Fathoms Cove. It had replaced species-rich and the Northern territory, so the control of this wetlands with impenetrabl 巴， monospecific strong invader in the future is very important. shrublands. In Australia, it was considered the In summary, if we do not take care of the number one environment weed and the largest noxious weed developments instantly and let single threat to wetlands. The only effective them invade anywhere unlimitedly in Taiwan, method of control at the same time was intensive, another Leucaena glauca catastrophe ev 巳nt will repetitive treatment with herbicid郎， although 11 be happen very soon in the near future. We biological control organisms had already been suggest that the Department of Government and released in Australia (Lonsdal 巴， 1993). academies should monitor M. pigra site for Lonsdale and Abrecht (1989) emphasized regeneration from the persistent bank or roadside. that the most germination of M. pigra occurred at Vital rate, within- population dynamics the st訂 t of the dry season and seedling survival (Schemske et al. , 1994), growth rate, spatial was determined by the availabiIity of soil distribution, biological control methods, about M.
3 pigra are always available to pay attentions. The finely pubescent beneath; stipules er巴叫， nerves 7- huge environment variation will be a catastrophe 10, ovate to lanceolate, 2-4.5 mm long, 1-2 mm to plant persistence and survival if we still don't wide, persist巳 nt; petiole 1-2 cm; main rachis with concem for the invading plants especially in the many prickles; 1-2 aculeate on each intemode. southem Taiwan. Heads 1-3 in the leaf-axils on the higher ones or all in a termina1 raceme; peduncles 1.5- 111. Taxonomy 3.5 cm long, clothed with appressed acroscopic For the exhibiting of Mimosa pigra, the hairs with a thick base; calyx pappus- like; followings are detailed information, the corolla gamopetalous; stamens as many as or description of the plant and a line- drawing twice as corolla-lobed, far exserted; filaments (Fig. 2). All the collections are preserved in free, violet during anthesis, tuming pa1e with age. herbaria of PPI and HAST. Here are the key to Pods 4-6 clustered per capitulum, 4-8 cm
Mimosa and M. pigra taxonomical treatment: long, 1-1.2 cm wide, linear- oblong, fl 前， closely beset with rather long, rigid, but not sharp Key to the species of Mimosa in Taiwan bristles, 10-25 articulates, splitting transversely 1. Erect shrub; pinnae 5-15-paired, 3-6 cm long into l-seeded joints; sutures undivided, ...... M. pigra persistent; seeds elliptic- oblanceolate, 5-7 mm 1. Scandent or decumbent shrub. wide. 2. Decumbent; pinnae 2-paired..... '" ..M. pudica Distribution: Tropical South America, but now
2.Scand巴 nt shrub; pinnae 4-7-paired, 3-4 cm pantropical and spreading rapidly in tropical
long...... M. d伊 lotriclω Asia like as Sumatra, Java, New Guinea Mimosa pigra L., Cent. Pl. 1: 13. 1755., B acker (Nielsen 1992). Taiwan, in sunny and and Bakhuizen in Fl. of Java 1: 561. 1963; wetland area or low elevations of about Quentin and Fuller in Plant invaders p. 91 ,f 400m. 4.9. 1995; Nielsen in Fl. Malesiana 11: 185. Habitat and ecology: growing in dikes, water
1992. 刺軸含羞木(新擬) (註:與刺軸含 sides, swampy loca1ities, open waste place 日，
羞草係同種) (Fig. 2 ) roadsides and abandoned paddy fields.
Mimosa asperata L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10: Flower, fruit throughout the ye也
1312. 1759; Lu et al. in Trees of Taiwan 1: 170. Specimen examined: Yangsz 27672 (缸，仕.) (PPI), p. 170-171. 2000. Nov. 1997, Shouka logging track, Mutan; An erect and widely branched shrub Yangsz et a l. 28122, June 27th, 1999, forming riparian thickets, up to 1-5 m height; Kaohfeng road, No. 116-12, Hsiaokang stems with 2 larger sharp recurved prickles and district, east- Kaohsiung; Yangsz et al. hairs. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, sensitive 28256, August 2 血， 1999 , Ansuo river, pinnae 5-15 pai郎， 3-6 cm long; leaflets 18-51 Taitung county; Yangsz 28896 (fr.), July 3th, pairs, linear to linear-oblong, apex acute, base 2000, the wasteland of Pakualiao, Jenwu obtuse, 4-11 mm long, 0.8-1.5 mm wide, para11el Hsien, Kaohsiung county. veins 3-5, margin with bristles, glabrous above,
4 林業研究季刊 Quart. J. For. Res. ofTaiwan.23 (2): 1~6(2001)
此-一一-' 3mm
F
( ~一
奄...... __ lIJf 4mm
J----.-﹒~ 112cm
蟹轟讀
~一~ 5mm
-5mm p Q
) 。3mm
Fig. 2. Mimosa pigra L. (Mimosaceae)
A.bipinnate compound leaf B.a portion of stem wi由 prickles C.pods 4-6-clustered D.branch with inflorescence
E .leaflets F.prickle G.spine H.abaxial of stipule I.adaxial of stipule J.head K.flower L.corolla and stamen
M.pistil with pubescent ovary N. O. an article of pods surfaces covered with bristles P.an article and its vesture
Q.seed
5 IV. Acknowledgements Department of Forestry, National We greatly appreciate associate professor Chunghsing University press. Taichung. (In Cheng Zen-Chau who brought the specimen of M. Chinese) pigra for identification. W，巴 also thank Lin Chi Miller, 1. L. and W. M. Lonsdale. (1 987) Early Chung, Hsiao Chin-Chuan, Chan Shu-Hui, who records of Mimosa pigra in the Northern went to Kaohsiung area to collect and Lin Cing Territory. Plant Protection Quarterly 2(3): Hsin for line drawings. 140-142. Nielsen, 1. C. (1992) Flora Malesiana. series
V. Literature cited I-Spermatophyta , f1 0wering plan 的，
Backer, C. A. and C. R. Bakhuizen van den Brink. Mimosaceae (Leguminosae- 此1i mosoideae) (1 963) Flora of Java 1: 354-374, 561. N. V. P. 11: 185.
Noordho缸， Groningen, The Netherlands. Quentin, C. B. and J. L. Ful1er. (1 995) Plant Barneby, R. C. (1 991) Sensitive censitae. A Invaders, The threat to natural ecosystems. Description of the Genus Mimosa Linnaeus p. 90-95. Chapman & Hall (Mimosaceae) in the New Worlds. Mem. Schemske, D. W. , B. C. Husband, M. H.
New York Botanical Garden 65: 440-44 1. Ruckelshaus, C. Goodwilli 巴， 1. M. Parker and The New York Botanical Garden. J. G. Bishop. (1 994) Evaluating approaches
Dassanayak巴， M. D. (1 987) A Revised Handbook to the conservation of rare and endangered
to th巴Flora of Ceylen 4: 157-178. Amerind plants. Ecology 75(3): 584-606.
publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. N巳w Delhi. Steen尬， C. G. G. J. van. (1 967) The herb flora of Lonsdale, W. M. and D. G. Abrecht. (1 989) Taiwan or how to master a Flora without Seedling mortality in Mimosa pigra. An types and with only a few books. Flora invasive tropical shrub. Journal of Ecology Malesiana Bulletin 22: 1562-1567. 77: 371-385. Su, H.-J. (1 998) An ecological evaluation of the
Lonsdal 巴， W. M. (1 993) Rates of spread of an threatened seed plants of Taiwan. p.47-64 In
invading species - Mimosa pigra in northern Peng, C. -I. and P. P. Lowry. 巳 ds. Rare,
Australia. Journal of Ecology 81: 5 日 -52 1. Threatened and Endangered floras of Asia
Lu ，F.-玄， C.-H. Ou, Y.-c. Chen, Y. -S. Chi and K. and the Pacific Rim. Institute of Botany, -c. Lu. (2000) Trees of Taiwan 1: 170. The Academic Sinica Monograph Series. No. 16.
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