Measuring the Impact of Crack Cocaine
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MEASURING THE IMPACT OF CRACK COCAINE Roland G. Fryer, Jr. Paul S. Heaton Steven D. Levitt Kevin M. Murphy Working Paper 11318 http://www.nber.org/papers/w11318 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 May 2005 We would like to thank Jonathan Caulkins, John Donohue, Lawrence Katz, Glenn Loury, Derek Neal, Bruce Sacerdote, Sudhir Venkatesh, and Ebonya Washington for helpful discussions on this topic. Elizabeth Coston and Rachel Tay provided exceptional research assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of Sherman Shapiro, the American Bar Foundation, and the National Science Foundation. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. ©2005 by Roland G. Fryer, Paul S. Heaton, Steven D. Levitt, and Kevin M. Murphy. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Measuring the Impact of Crack Cocaine Roland G. Fryer, Paul S. Heaton, Steven D. Levitt, and Kevin M. Murphy NBER Working Paper No. 11318 May 2005 JEL No. J00 ABSTRACT A wide range of social indicators turned sharply negative for Blacks in the late 1980s and began to rebound roughly a decade later. We explore whether the rise and fall of crack cocaine can explain these patterns. Absent a direct measure of crack cocaine’s prevalence, we construct an index based on a range of indirect proxies (cocaine arrests, cocaine-related emergency room visits, cocaine- induced drug deaths, crack mentions in newspapers, and DEA drug busts).
[Show full text]